1
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Mandal I, Kilbinger AFM. A Versatile Reversible, Degenerative Chain Transfer Mechanism for the Catalytic Living Ring-Opening Metathesis Polymerization. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024:e202409781. [PMID: 38979659 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202409781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2024] [Revised: 06/27/2024] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Abstract
Most metathesis polymers based on norbornene derivatives carry a vinyl end group. Here we show that these vinyl end groups readily undergo a degenerative exchange of the terminal methylene unit in the presence of sub-stoichiometric amounts of a propagating metathesis polymer carrying a Grubbs ruthenium complex. We show that this degenerative exchange can be exploited in synthesizing ROMP polymers in a catalytic living fashion. Chain transfer agents based on styrene, or monosubstituted conjugated 1,3 diene derivatives are used as initiating sites for the catalytic living polymerization. Suitable derivatives of these chain transfer agents not only allow the linear living growth of polymers but also the synthesis of block copolymers from macro-initiators or star polymers from multi-functional chain transfer agents. This reversible exchange mechanism offers a cheaper, greener, and more sustainable alternative for the synthesis of living ROMP polymers compared to the classical synthetic route.
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Affiliation(s)
- Indradip Mandal
- Department of Chemistry, University of Fribourg, CH-1700, Fribourg, Switzerland
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2
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Serkhacheva NS, Prokopov NI, Lysenko EA, Kozhunova EY, Chernikova EV. Modern Trends in Polymerization-Induced Self-Assembly. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:1408. [PMID: 38794601 PMCID: PMC11125046 DOI: 10.3390/polym16101408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2024] [Revised: 05/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Polymerization-induced self-assembly (PISA) is a powerful and versatile technique for producing colloidal dispersions of block copolymer particles with desired morphologies. Currently, PISA can be carried out in various media, over a wide range of temperatures, and using different mechanisms. This method enables the production of biodegradable objects and particles with various functionalities and stimuli sensitivity. Consequently, PISA offers a broad spectrum of potential commercial applications. The aim of this review is to provide an overview of the current state of rational synthesis of block copolymer particles with diverse morphologies using various PISA techniques and mechanisms. The discussion begins with an examination of the main thermodynamic, kinetic, and structural aspects of block copolymer micellization, followed by an exploration of the key principles of PISA in the formation of gradient and block copolymers. The review also delves into the main mechanisms of PISA implementation and the principles governing particle morphology. Finally, the potential future developments in PISA are considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia S. Serkhacheva
- Lomonosov Institute of Fine Chemical Technologies, MIREA—Russian Technological University, pr. Vernadskogo, 86, 119571 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Nickolay I. Prokopov
- Lomonosov Institute of Fine Chemical Technologies, MIREA—Russian Technological University, pr. Vernadskogo, 86, 119571 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Evgenii A. Lysenko
- Faculty of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1, bld. 3, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (E.A.L.); (E.Y.K.)
| | - Elena Yu. Kozhunova
- Faculty of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1, bld. 3, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (E.A.L.); (E.Y.K.)
- Faculty of Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1, bld. 2, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Elena V. Chernikova
- Faculty of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1, bld. 3, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (E.A.L.); (E.Y.K.)
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3
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Lin H, Yang X, Liu SY, Jäkle F. Ring-Opening Metathesis Polymerization of the Dewar Isomer of 1,2-Azaborinine, a B-N Isostere of Benzene. ACS Macro Lett 2024; 13:21-27. [PMID: 38095183 PMCID: PMC10842419 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.3c00601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
The successful polymerization of the Dewar isomer of an azaborinine heterocycle is reported. Controlled ring-opening metathesis polymerization was accomplished with Grubbs and Hoveya-Grubbs second generation catalysts (G2, HG2), as well as a Z-selective Ru catalyst (HGM2001). The structure of the polymers containing 4-membered B-N heterocycles was verified by GPC and multinuclear and 2D NMR. Differences in stereochemistry of polymers derived from G2/HG2 versus the Z-selective catalyst HGM2001 were substantiated by 2D NOESY, FT-IR, and Raman analyses. The incorporation of B-N heterocycles into these polymer structures is promising as a route to functional polymers that contain polar side groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huina Lin
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University - Newark, Newark, New Jersey 07102, United States
| | - Xinyu Yang
- Department of Chemistry, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02135, United States
| | - Shih-Yuan Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02135, United States
| | - Frieder Jäkle
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University - Newark, Newark, New Jersey 07102, United States
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4
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Huang Y, Zhao C, Zhang B, Li H, Zhao J. Marriage of Organic and Grubbs Catalysts for Tandem Synthesis of Bottlebrush Polyesters. ACS Macro Lett 2023; 12:1711-1717. [PMID: 38039396 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.3c00695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2023]
Abstract
Bottlebrush polymers (BBPs) have gained wide attention for their special characters, such as rigid main/side chains, stemming from the exceedingly high graft density. This study aims to provide a simple synthetic approach to BBPs with polyester side chains by merging ring-opening alternating copolymerization (ROAP) and ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP). A simple phosphazene base (tBuP1) is employed for the ROAP of phthalic anhydride and epoxide, after which Grubbs third-generation catalyst (G3) is added to in situ switch on ROMP of the macromonomer, i.e., norbornenyl-ended alternating polyester. The compatibility of tBuP1 with G3 and well-controlled ROMP is evidenced by DOSY-NMR of mixed catalysts, characterization of BBPs, and side-chain degradation. The method can also be extended to BBPs with one-step synthesized block copolyesters side chains. These results highlight the strength of the non-nucleophilic organobase catalyst for convenient construction of complex (degradable) polymers with compositional diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Huang
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, People's Republic of China
| | - Chenke Zhao
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, People's Republic of China
| | - Boru Zhang
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, People's Republic of China
| | - Heng Li
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, People's Republic of China
- College of Chemistry and Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Functional Materials of Colleges and Universities of Hunan Province, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, People's Republic of China
| | - Junpeng Zhao
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, People's Republic of China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Luminescence from Molecular Aggregates, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, People's Republic of China
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5
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Clarke BR, Tew GN. Network Constitutional Isomers. Macromolecules 2023; 56:8565-8573. [PMID: 38239340 PMCID: PMC10795480 DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.3c01400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2024]
Abstract
Bottlebrush networks designed to be constitutional isomers of each other were synthesized for the first time. These network constitutional isomers (NCIs) have significantly different mechanical properties depending on their kinetic chain lengths (RK), which are controlled by the monomer-to-initiator ratio. Specifically, the low frequency moduli, yield behavior, elongation at break, and adhesive strength of these NCIs are different at the same cross-link densities. The NCI concept is extended to include RKs' dispersity through the choice of the catalyst. These NCIs highlight the impact of living polymerization chemistry on network formation. The use of living polymerization chemistry to synthesize new networks, including NCIs, is expected to significantly advance the development of next-generation materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon R Clarke
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Gregory N Tew
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
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6
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Levenson AM, Morrison CM, Huang PR, Wang TW, Carter-Schwendler Z, Golder MR. Ancillary Ligand Lability Improves Control in Cyclic Ruthenium Benzylidene Initiated Ring-Expansion Metathesis Polymerizations. ACS Macro Lett 2023; 12:1286-1292. [PMID: 37695322 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.3c00520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis of well-defined cyclic polymers is crucial to exploring applications spanning engineering, energy, and biomedicine. These materials lack chain-ends and are therefore imbued with unique bulk properties. Despite recent advancements, the general methodology for controlled cyclic polymer synthesis via ring-expansion metathesis polymerization (REMP) remains challenging. Low initiator activity leads to high molar mass polymers at short reaction times that subsequently "evolve" to smaller polymeric products. In this work, we demonstrate that in situ addition of pyridine to the tethered ruthenium-benzylidene REMP initiator CB6 increases ancillary ligand lability to synthesize controlled and low dispersity cyclic poly(norbornene) on a short time scale without relying on molar mass evolution events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adelaide M Levenson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Christine M Morrison
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Pin-Ruei Huang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Teng-Wei Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Zak Carter-Schwendler
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Matthew R Golder
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
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7
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Zhang B, Mathoor A, Junkers T. High Throughput Multidimensional Kinetic Screening in Continuous Flow Reactors. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202308838. [PMID: 37537139 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202308838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
An automated high throughput multidimensional reaction screening platform based on an inline Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy is presented. By combining flow chemistry, machine automation and inline analysis, the platform is able to screen reactions in multidimensions (residence time, monomer concentration, degree of polymerization, reaction temperature and monomer conversion) rapidly and efficiently way. Kinetic data libraries associated with high data precision (absolute error <4 %), high reproducibility and high data density are built with ease from the platform. To test the method, we screened the reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer polymerization of methyl acrylate in unmatched detail, and the ring opening metathesis polymerization of methyl-5-norbornene-2-carboxylate. The method we introduce is a key step in providing "big data" for data driven research in the future, and already at present allows for precise prediction of reaction outcomes within the high-dimensional chemical parameter space that is screened.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Zhang
- Polymer Reaction Design group, School of Chemistry, Monash University, 19 Rainforest Walk, Building 23, Clayton, VIC-3800, Australia
| | - Ansila Mathoor
- Polymer Reaction Design group, School of Chemistry, Monash University, 19 Rainforest Walk, Building 23, Clayton, VIC-3800, Australia
| | - Tanja Junkers
- Polymer Reaction Design group, School of Chemistry, Monash University, 19 Rainforest Walk, Building 23, Clayton, VIC-3800, Australia
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8
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Cormier S, Fogg DE. Probing Catalyst Degradation in Metathesis of Internal Olefins: Expanding Access to Amine-Tagged ROMP Polymers. ACS Catal 2023; 13:11834-11840. [PMID: 37671179 PMCID: PMC10476157 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.3c02729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023]
Abstract
Ruthenium-promoted ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP) offers potentially powerful routes to amine-functionalized polymers with antimicrobial, adhesive, and self-healing properties. However, amines readily degrade the methylidene and unsubstituted ruthenacyclobutane intermediates formed in metathesis of terminal olefins. Examined herein is the relevance of these decomposition pathways to ROMP (i.e., metathesis of internal olefins) by the third-generation Grubbs catalyst. Primary alkylamines rapidly quench polymerization via fast adduct formation, followed by nucleophilic abstraction of the propagating alkylidene. Bulkier, Brønsted-basic amines are less aggressive: attack competes only for slow polymerization or strong bases (e.g., DBU). Added HCl limits degradation, as demonstrated by the successful ROMP of an otherwise intractable methylamine monomer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha
K. Cormier
- Center
for Catalysis Research & Innovation, and Department of Chemistry
and Biomolecular Sciences, University of
Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1N 6N5
| | - Deryn E. Fogg
- Center
for Catalysis Research & Innovation, and Department of Chemistry
and Biomolecular Sciences, University of
Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1N 6N5
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Bergen, Allégaten 41, N-5007 Bergen, Norway
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9
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Wang C, Zhang S, Yuan T, Jimoh AA, Abreu M, Shan C, Wojtas L, Xing Y, Hong X, Shi X. Triazole-modified Ru-carbene complexes: A valid olefin metathesis pre-catalyst for dynamic covalent chemistry via C=C bond formation. CHEM CATALYSIS 2023; 3:100678. [PMID: 37873035 PMCID: PMC10588561 DOI: 10.1016/j.checat.2023.100678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
The 1,2,3-triazole coordinated ruthenium carbene complexes (TA-Ru) were reported for the first time as a new class of modified Grubbs catalyst to achieve challenging olefin metathesis at higher temperatures without catalyst decomposition. Previously reported N-tethered Ru-carbene complexes all suffered from rapid cis/trans isomerization, causing significantly reduced catalyst reactivity. These new TA-Ru complexes hold the active trans-dichloro conformation even at 80 °C, allowing effective olefin metathesis for challenging substrates. With this new TA-Ru catalyst, cross-metathesis (CM), ring-closing metathesis (RCM) and dynamic covalent chemistry (DCvC) were achieved. Excitingly, the reactivity of TA-Ru prevails all previously reported N-coordinated Ru-carbene precatalysts, Grubbs II, and Hoveyda-Grubbs, making the TA-Ru a transformative catalytic system in olefin catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenhuan Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Shuyao Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Teng Yuan
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Abiola Azee Jimoh
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Maxwell Abreu
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Chuan Shan
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Lukasz Wojtas
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | | | - Xin Hong
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, China
| | - Xiaodong Shi
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
- Lead contact
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10
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Jabłoński M. Halogen Bond to Experimentally Significant N-Heterocyclic Carbenes (I, IMe 2, I iPr 2, I tBu 2, IPh 2, IMes 2, IDipp 2, IAd 2; I = Imidazol-2-ylidene). Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24109057. [PMID: 37240403 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24109057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The subjects of the article are halogen bonds between either XCN or XCCH (X = Cl, Br, I) and the carbene carbon atom in imidazol-2-ylidene (I) or its derivatives (IR2) with experimentally significant and systematically increased R substituents at both nitrogen atoms: methyl = Me, iso-propyl = iPr, tert-butyl = tBu, phenyl = Ph, mesityl = Mes, 2,6-diisopropylphenyl = Dipp, 1-adamantyl = Ad. It is shown that the halogen bond strength increases in the order Cl < Br < I and the XCN molecule forms stronger complexes than XCCH. Of all the carbenes considered, IMes2 forms the strongest and also the shortest halogen bonds with an apogee for complex IMes2⋯ICN for which D0 = 18.71 kcal/mol and dC⋯I = 2.541 Å. In many cases, IDipp2 forms as strong halogen bonds as IMes2. Quite the opposite, although characterized by the greatest nucleophilicity, ItBu2 forms the weakest complexes (and the longest halogen bonds) if X ≠ Cl. While this finding can easily be attributed to the steric hindrance exerted by the highly branched tert-butyl groups, it appears that the presence of the four C-H⋯X hydrogen bonds may also be of importance here. Similar situation occurs in the case of complexes with IAd2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirosław Jabłoński
- Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Gagarina 7, 87-100 Torun, Poland
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11
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Islam MN, Çetinkaya IC, Eren T, Tülü M. Synthesis of dendronized PAMAM grafted ROMP polymers. JOURNAL OF MACROMOLECULAR SCIENCE PART A-PURE AND APPLIED CHEMISTRY 2023. [DOI: 10.1080/10601325.2023.2195947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Nazrul Islam
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and Science, Yildiz Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ilay Ceren Çetinkaya
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and Science, Yildiz Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Tarik Eren
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and Science, Yildiz Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Metin Tülü
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and Science, Yildiz Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey
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12
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Preman AN, Lim YE, Lee S, Kim S, Kim IT, Ahn SK. Facile synthesis of polynorbornene-based binder through ROMP for silicon anode in lithium-ion batteries. KOREAN J CHEM ENG 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s11814-023-1428-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
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13
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Suslick BA, Hemmer J, Groce BR, Stawiasz KJ, Geubelle PH, Malucelli G, Mariani A, Moore JS, Pojman JA, Sottos NR. Frontal Polymerizations: From Chemical Perspectives to Macroscopic Properties and Applications. Chem Rev 2023; 123:3237-3298. [PMID: 36827528 PMCID: PMC10037337 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/26/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis and processing of most thermoplastics and thermoset polymeric materials rely on energy-inefficient and environmentally burdensome manufacturing methods. Frontal polymerization is an attractive, scalable alternative due to its exploitation of polymerization heat that is generally wasted and unutilized. The only external energy needed for frontal polymerization is an initial thermal (or photo) stimulus that locally ignites the reaction. The subsequent reaction exothermicity provides local heating; the transport of this thermal energy to neighboring monomers in either a liquid or gel-like state results in a self-perpetuating reaction zone that provides fully cured thermosets and thermoplastics. Propagation of this polymerization front continues through the unreacted monomer media until either all reactants are consumed or sufficient heat loss stalls further reaction. Several different polymerization mechanisms support frontal processes, including free-radical, cat- or anionic, amine-cure epoxides, and ring-opening metathesis polymerization. The choice of monomer, initiator/catalyst, and additives dictates how fast the polymer front traverses the reactant medium, as well as the maximum temperature achievable. Numerous applications of frontally generated materials exist, ranging from porous substrate reinforcement to fabrication of patterned composites. In this review, we examine in detail the physical and chemical phenomena that govern frontal polymerization, as well as outline the existing applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin A Suslick
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Julie Hemmer
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Brecklyn R Groce
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803 United States
| | - Katherine J Stawiasz
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Philippe H Geubelle
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Department of Aerospace Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Giulio Malucelli
- Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, 15121 Alessandria, Italy
| | - Alberto Mariani
- Department of Chemical, Physical, Mathematical and Natural Sciences, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy
- National Interuniversity Consortium of Materials Science and Technology, 50121 Firenze, Italy
| | - Jeffrey S Moore
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - John A Pojman
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803 United States
| | - Nancy R Sottos
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
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14
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Stroek W, Albrecht M. Discovery of a simple iron catalyst reveals the intimate steps of C-H amination to form C-N bonds. Chem Sci 2023; 14:2849-2859. [PMID: 36937598 PMCID: PMC10016609 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc04170g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Formation of ubiquitous C-N bonds traditionally uses prefunctionalized carbon precursors. Recently, metal-catalyzed amination of unfunctionalized C-H bonds with azides has become an attractive and atom-economic strategy for C-N bond formation, though all catalysts contain sophisticated ligands. Here, we report Fe(HMDS)2 (HMDS = N(SiMe3)2 -) as an easy-to-prepare catalyst for intramolecular C-H amination. The catalyst shows unprecedented turnover frequencies (110 h-1 vs. 70 h-1 reported to date) and requires no additives. Amination is successful for benzylic and aliphatic C-H bonds (>80% yield) and occurs even at room temperature. The simplicity of the catalyst enabled for the first time comprehensive mechanistic investigations. Kinetic, stoichiometric, and computational studies unveiled the intimate steps of the C-H amination process, including the resting state of the catalyst and turnover-limiting N2 loss of the coordinated azide. The high reactivity of the iron imido intermediate is rationalized by its complex spin system revealing imidyl and nitrene character.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wowa Stroek
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bern CH-3012 Bern Switzerland
| | - Martin Albrecht
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bern CH-3012 Bern Switzerland
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15
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Ring-Opening Metathesis Polymerization and Related Olefin Metathesis Reactions in Benzotrifluoride as an Environmentally Advantageous Medium. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:ijms24010671. [PMID: 36614111 PMCID: PMC9820898 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
A tremendous number of solvents, either as liquids or vapors, contaminate the environment on a daily basis worldwide. Olefin metathesis, which has been widely used as high-yielding protocols for ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP), ring-closing metathesis (RCM), and isomerization reactions, is typically performed in toxic and volatile solvents such as dichloromethane. In this study, the results of our systematic experiments with the Grubbs G1, G2, and Hoveyda-Grubbs HG2 catalysts proved that benzotrifluoride (BTF) can replace dichloromethane (DCM) in these reactions, providing high yields and similar or even higher reaction rates in certain cases. The ROMP of norbornene resulted not only in high yields but also in polynorbornenes with a high molecular weight at low catalyst loadings. Ring-closing metathesis (RCM) experiments proved that, with the exception of the G1 catalyst, RCM occurs with similar high efficiencies in BTF as in DCM. It was found that isomerization of (Z)-but-2-ene-1,4-diyl diacetate with the G2 and HG2 catalysts proceeds at significantly higher initial rates in BTF than in DCM, leading to rapid isomerization with high yields in a short time. Overall, BTF is a suitable solvent for olefin metathesis, such as polymer syntheses by ROMP and the ring-closing and isomerization reactions.
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16
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Wang X, Tong R. Facile Tandem Copolymerization of O-Carboxyanhydrides and Epoxides to Synthesize Functionalized Poly(ester- b-carbonates). J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:20687-20698. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c07975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqian Wang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 635 Prices Fork Road, Blacksburg, Virginia24061, United States
| | - Rong Tong
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 635 Prices Fork Road, Blacksburg, Virginia24061, United States
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17
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Hancock SN, Yuntawattana N, Valdez SM, Michaudel Q. Expedient Synthesis and Ring-Opening Metathesis Polymerization of Pyridinonorbornenes. Polym Chem 2022; 13:5530-5535. [PMID: 37193226 PMCID: PMC10168028 DOI: 10.1039/d2py00857b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Pyridine-containing polymers are promising materials for a variety of applications from the capture of contaminants to the self-assembly of block copolymers. However, the innate Lewis basicity of the pyridine motif often hampers living polymerization catalyzed by transition-metal complexes. Herein, we report the expedient synthesis of pyridinonorbornene monomers via a [4+2] cycloaddition between 2,3-pyridynes and cyclopentadiene. Well-controlled ring-opening metathesis polymerization was enabled by careful structural design of the monomer. Polypyridinonorbornenes exhibited high Tg and Td, a promising feature for high-temperature applications. Investigation of the polymerization kinetics and of the reactivity of the chain ends shed light on the influence of nitrogen coordination on the chain-growth mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah N Hancock
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
| | - Nattawut Yuntawattana
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
- Present Address: Department of Materials Science, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Sara M Valdez
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
| | - Quentin Michaudel
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
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18
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Su W, Zhang H, Yang S, Xu Y, Zhang C, Cheng X, Zhou C. One-pot synthesis of multifunctional silicone elastomer: ring-opening copolymerization of D4 and Dual-D4Vi. Eur Polym J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2022.111382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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19
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Ogbonna N, Dearman M, Cho CT, Bharti B, Peters AJ, Lawrence J. Topologically Precise and Discrete Bottlebrush Polymers: Synthesis, Characterization, and Structure-Property Relationships. JACS AU 2022; 2:898-905. [PMID: 35557765 PMCID: PMC9088296 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.2c00010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Revised: 03/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
As the complexity of polymer structure grows, so do the challenges for developing an accurate understanding of their structure-property relationships. Here, the synthesis of bottlebrush polymers with topologically precise and fully discrete structures is reported. A key feature of the strategy is the synthesis of discrete macromonomer libraries for their polymerization into topologically precise bottlebrushes that can be separated into discrete bottlebrushes (Đ = 1.0). As the system becomes more discrete, packing efficiency increases, distinct three-phase Langmuir-Blodgett isotherms are observed, and its glass transition temperature becomes responsive to side-chain sequence. Overall, this work presents a versatile strategy to access a range of precision bottlebrush polymers and unravels the impact of side-chain topology on their macroscopic properties. Precise control over side chains opens a pathway for tailoring polymer properties without changing their chemical makeup.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nduka
D. Ogbonna
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Louisiana State
University, Baton
Rouge, Louisiana 70803, United States
| | - Michael Dearman
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Louisiana State
University, Baton
Rouge, Louisiana 70803, United States
| | - Cheng-Ta Cho
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Louisiana State
University, Baton
Rouge, Louisiana 70803, United States
| | - Bhuvnesh Bharti
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Louisiana State
University, Baton
Rouge, Louisiana 70803, United States
| | - Andrew J. Peters
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Louisiana Tech
University, Ruston, Louisiana 71272, United States
| | - Jimmy Lawrence
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Louisiana State
University, Baton
Rouge, Louisiana 70803, United States
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20
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Blosch SE, Alaboalirat M, Eades CB, Scannelli SJ, Matson JB. Solvent Effects in Grafting-through Ring-Opening Metathesis Polymerization. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c00254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E. Blosch
- Department of Chemistry and Macromolecules Innovation Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg 24061, Virginia, United States
| | - Mohammed Alaboalirat
- Department of Chemistry and Macromolecules Innovation Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg 24061, Virginia, United States
| | - Cabell B. Eades
- Department of Chemistry and Macromolecules Innovation Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg 24061, Virginia, United States
| | - Samantha J. Scannelli
- Department of Chemistry and Macromolecules Innovation Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg 24061, Virginia, United States
| | - John B. Matson
- Department of Chemistry and Macromolecules Innovation Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg 24061, Virginia, United States
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21
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22
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Kim EJ, Shin JJ, Lee GS, Kim S, Park S, Park J, Choe Y, Lee D, Choi J, Bang J, Kim YH, Li S, Hur SM, Kim JG, Kim BJ. Synthesis and Self-Assembly of Poly(vinylpyridine)-Containing Brush Block Copolymers: Combined Synthesis of Grafting-Through and Grafting-to Approaches. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c02631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eun Ji Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaeman J. Shin
- Department of Organic Materials and Fiber Engineering, Soongsil University, Seoul 06978, Republic of Korea
| | - Gue Seon Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Research Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Sejong Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Research Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Sora Park
- Department of Chemistry and Research Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Juhae Park
- Alan G. MacDiarmid Energy Research Institute & School of Polymer Science and Engineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeojin Choe
- Alan G. MacDiarmid Energy Research Institute & School of Polymer Science and Engineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Dahye Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinwoong Choi
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Joona Bang
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Hun Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Sheng Li
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Su-Mi Hur
- Alan G. MacDiarmid Energy Research Institute & School of Polymer Science and Engineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeung Gon Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Research Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Bumjoon J. Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
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23
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Wang Q, Lan J, Liang R, Xia Y, Qin L, Chung LW, Zheng Z. New Tricks for an Old Dog: Grubbs Catalysts Enable Efficient Hydrogen Production from Aqueous-Phase Methanol Reforming. ACS Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.1c05369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qian Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Jialing Lan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Rong Liang
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Yihao Xia
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Lei Qin
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Lung Wa Chung
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Zhiping Zheng
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
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24
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Ahmed M, Tran DT, Putziger J, Ke Z, Abtahi A, Wang Z, Chen K, Lang K, Mei J. Tetracyanocyclopentadienide-Based Stable Poly(aromatic) Anions. ACS Macro Lett 2022; 11:72-77. [PMID: 35574784 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.1c00711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Polyelectrolytes, a class of polymer with ionized functional groups in their repeating units, are widely used in various applications. Many ionized groups have been incorporated into polyelectrolytes, but aromatic anions are rarely investigated. Here, we first successfully incorporate a stable tetracyanocyclopentadienide (TCCp) aromatic anion into polynorbornene (PNb)-based electrolytes (PNb-TCCp) through ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP) with controllable molecular weight and low polydispersity. PNb-TCCp shows a high ionic conductivity of 4.5 × 10-5 S/cm in thin films. Due to its highly stable aromatic anion groups and favorable interactions with aromatic cations, it could improve thermal stability of doped conjugated polymers. Pairing with doped poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) through salt metathesis, the generated poly ion complex PEDOT:PNb-TCCp retains its conductivity up to 180 °C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa Ahmed
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Dung T. Tran
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - John Putziger
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Zhifan Ke
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Ashkan Abtahi
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Zhiyang Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Ke Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Kai Lang
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Jianguo Mei
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
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25
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Jabłoński M. Theoretical Study of N-Heterocyclic-Carbene-ZnX 2 (X = H, Me, Et) Complexes. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14206147. [PMID: 34683739 PMCID: PMC8539904 DOI: 10.3390/ma14206147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This article discusses the properties of as many as 30 carbene–ZnX2 (X = H, Me, Et) complexes featuring a zinc bond C⋯Zn. The group of carbenes is represented by imidazol-2-ylidene and its nine derivatives (labeled as IR), in which both hydrogen atoms of N-H bonds have been substituted by R groups with various spatial hindrances, from the smallest Me, iPr, tBu through Ph, Tol, and Xyl to the bulkiest Mes, Dipp, and Ad. The main goal is to study the relationship between type and size of R and X and both the strength of C⋯Zn and the torsional angle of the ZnX2 plane with respect to the plane of the imidazol-2-ylidene ring. Despite the considerable diversity of R and X, the range of dC⋯Zn is quite narrow: 2.12–2.20 Å. On the contrary, D0 is characterized by a fairly wide range of 18.5–27.4 kcal/mol. For the smallest carbenes, the ZnX2 molecule is either in the plane of the carbene or is only slightly twisted with respect to it. The twist angle becomes larger and more varied with the bulkier R. However, the value of this angle is not easy to predict because it results not only from the presence of steric effects but also from the possible presence of various interatomic interactions, such as dihydrogen bonds, tetrel bonds, agostic bonds, and hydrogen bonds. It has been shown that at least some of these interactions may have a non-negligible influence on the structure of the IR–ZnX2 complex. This fact should be taken into account in addition to the commonly discussed R⋯X steric repulsion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirosław Jabłoński
- Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Gagarina 7, 87-100 Toruń, Poland
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26
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Waibel KA, Barther D, Malliaridou T, Moatsou D, Meier MAR. One‐Pot Synthesis of Thiocarbamates. European J Org Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202100858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kevin A. Waibel
- Laboratory of Applied Chemistry Institute of Biological and Chemical Systems – Functional Material Systems (IBCS-FMS) Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Germany
| | - Dennis Barther
- Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, Institute of Organic Chemistry (IOC) Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Straße am Forum 7 76131 Karlsruhe Germany
| | - Triantafillia Malliaridou
- Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, Institute of Organic Chemistry (IOC) Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Straße am Forum 7 76131 Karlsruhe Germany
| | - Dafni Moatsou
- Laboratory of Applied Chemistry Institute of Biological and Chemical Systems – Functional Material Systems (IBCS-FMS) Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Germany
- Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, Institute of Organic Chemistry (IOC) Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Straße am Forum 7 76131 Karlsruhe Germany
| | - Michael A. R. Meier
- Laboratory of Applied Chemistry Institute of Biological and Chemical Systems – Functional Material Systems (IBCS-FMS) Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Germany
- Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, Institute of Organic Chemistry (IOC) Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Straße am Forum 7 76131 Karlsruhe Germany
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27
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Daley RA, Morrenzin AS, Neufeldt SR, Topczewski JJ. Mechanistic Investigation into the Gold-Catalyzed Decarboxylative Cross-Coupling of Iodoarenes. ACS Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.1c01631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ryan A. Daley
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Aaron S. Morrenzin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana 59717, United States
| | - Sharon R. Neufeldt
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana 59717, United States
| | - Joseph J. Topczewski
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
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28
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Zhao T, Zhu K, Yu X, Yuan X, Ren L. From Polymerization Inhibition to Controlled
Ring‐Opening
Metathesis Polymerization of Macromonomers with Tertiary Amine Groups: The Effect of Spacer Chain
†. CHINESE J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.202100152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tengda Zhao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Composite and Functional Materials, Tianjin University Tianjin 300350 China
| | - Kongying Zhu
- Analysis and Measurement Center, Tianjin University Tianjin 300072 China
| | - Xiaoliang Yu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Composite and Functional Materials, Tianjin University Tianjin 300350 China
| | - Xiaoyan Yuan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Composite and Functional Materials, Tianjin University Tianjin 300350 China
| | - Lixia Ren
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Composite and Functional Materials, Tianjin University Tianjin 300350 China
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29
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Gegenhuber T, Müllner M. Molecular Polymer Brushes Made via Ring‐Opening Metathesis Polymerization from Cleavable RAFT Macromonomers. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.202100077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Gegenhuber
- Key Centre for Polymers and Colloids School of Chemistry The University of Sydney Sydney NSW 2006 Australia
| | - Markus Müllner
- Key Centre for Polymers and Colloids School of Chemistry The University of Sydney Sydney NSW 2006 Australia
- The University of Sydney Nano Institute (Sydney Nano) Sydney NSW 2006 Australia
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30
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Sonoda T, Kobayashi S, Tanaka M. Periodically Functionalized Linear Polyethylene with Tertiary Amino Groups via Regioselective Ring-Opening Metathesis Polymerization. Macromolecules 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c02611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Toshiki Sonoda
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Kyushu University, 744 Moto-oka,
Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Shingo Kobayashi
- Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering, Kyushu University, CE41 744 Motooka,
Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Masaru Tanaka
- Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering, Kyushu University, CE41 744 Motooka,
Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
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31
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Barther D, Moatsou D. Ring-Opening Metathesis Polymerization of Norbornene-Based Monomers Obtained via the Passerini Three Component Reaction. Macromol Rapid Commun 2021; 42:e2100027. [PMID: 33644929 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202100027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Ring-opening metathesis polymerization is a robust method to synthesize a variety of polymers by using ring-strained molecules as monomers, e.g., norbornenes. However, the synthesis of monomers with multiple functional groups remains a challenge, albeit peptide functional norbornenes have previously been used. Here, the Passerini three component reaction is exploited to synthesize norbornenes with two variable functional groups varying in bulkiness and distance from the polymerizable alkene. The results indicate that the functional groups do not affect the kinetics of the polymerization, whereas the length of the linker has a minor effect. Furthermore, a diblock-type copolymer is synthesized in a one-pot fashion, also indicating good control of the polymerization process. The thermal properties of all polymers are evaluated, highlighting the effect of monomer composition. This synthetic approach can be transferred to a variety of compounds, thus promising highly diverse polymers with complex compositions and architectures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dennis Barther
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Fritz-Haber-Weg 6, Karlsruhe, 76131, Germany
| | - Dafni Moatsou
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Fritz-Haber-Weg 6, Karlsruhe, 76131, Germany
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32
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Shin HG, Lee HS, Hong EJ, Kim JG. Study of Green Solvents for Ruthenium Alkylidene Mediated Ring‐Opening Metathesis Polymerization. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/bkcs.12213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Gyu Shin
- Department of Chemistry and Research Institute of Physics and Chemistry Jeonbuk National University Jeonju 54896 Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Sub Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Research Institute of Physics and Chemistry Jeonbuk National University Jeonju 54896 Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Ji Hong
- Department of Chemistry and Research Institute of Physics and Chemistry Jeonbuk National University Jeonju 54896 Republic of Korea
| | - Jeung Gon Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Research Institute of Physics and Chemistry Jeonbuk National University Jeonju 54896 Republic of Korea
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33
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Yarolimek MR, Coia BM, Bookbinder HR, Kennemur JG. Investigating the effect of α-pinene on the ROMP of δ-pinene. Polym Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1py00931a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Ring opening metathesis polymerization of δ-pinene with varying amounts of α-pinene is explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark R. Yarolimek
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306-4390, USA
| | - Brianna M. Coia
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306-4390, USA
| | - Heather R. Bookbinder
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306-4390, USA
| | - Justin G. Kennemur
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306-4390, USA
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34
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Manfred Wagner
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Markus Klapper
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
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35
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LaNasa JA, Hickey RJ. Surface-Initiated Ring-Opening Metathesis Polymerization: A Method for Synthesizing Polymer-Functionalized Nanoparticles Exhibiting Semicrystalline Properties and Diverse Macromolecular Architectures. Macromolecules 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c01381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jacob A. LaNasa
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16801, United States
| | - Robert J. Hickey
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16801, United States
- Materials Research Institute, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16801, United States
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36
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Walsh DJ, Wade MA, Rogers SA, Guironnet D. Challenges of Size-Exclusion Chromatography for the Analysis of Bottlebrush Polymers. Macromolecules 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c01357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dylan J. Walsh
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois Urbana−Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Matthew A. Wade
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois Urbana−Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Simon A. Rogers
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois Urbana−Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Damien Guironnet
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois Urbana−Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
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37
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Zhu T, Rahman MA, Benicewicz BC. Synthesis of Well-Defined Polyolefin Grafted SiO 2 Nanoparticles with Molecular Weight and Graft Density Control. ACS Macro Lett 2020; 9:1255-1260. [PMID: 35638619 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.0c00398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Recent advances in surface-initiated polymerization have given rise to a range of brush nanocomposites and hybrid functional materials. However, the synthesis of pure polyolefin-grafted nanocomposites by surface-initiated ring-opening metathesis polymerization (SI-ROMP) is a significant challenge due to the particle aggregation and irreversible particle coupling. This study presents a synthetic approach toward well-defined poly(cyclooctene)- and polyethylene-grafted nanoparticles by tethering Grubbs third generation catalyst on the particle surface and initiating the polymerization in a rapid manner. This work also serves as a template to prepare other hairy nanoparticles and functions as a basis toward understanding their thermomechanical behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyu Zhu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, United States
| | - Md Anisur Rahman
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, United States
| | - Brian C. Benicewicz
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, United States
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38
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Foster JC, Grocott MC, Arkinstall LA, Varlas S, Redding MJ, Grayson SM, O’Reilly RK. It is Better with Salt: Aqueous Ring-Opening Metathesis Polymerization at Neutral pH. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:13878-13885. [PMID: 32673484 PMCID: PMC7426906 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c05499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Aqueous ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP) is a powerful tool for polymer synthesis under environmentally friendly conditions, functionalization of biomacromolecules, and preparation of polymeric nanoparticles via ROMP-induced self-assembly (ROMPISA). Although new water-soluble Ru-based metathesis catalysts have been developed and evaluated for their efficiency in mediating cross metathesis (CM) and ring-closing metathesis (RCM) reactions, little is known with regards to their catalytic activity and stability during aqueous ROMP. Here, we investigate the influence of solution pH, the presence of salt additives, and catalyst loading on ROMP monomer conversion and catalyst lifetime. We find that ROMP in aqueous media is particularly sensitive to chloride ion concentration and propose that this sensitivity originates from chloride ligand displacement by hydroxide or H2O at the Ru center, which reversibly generates an unstable and metathesis inactive complex. The formation of this Ru-(OH)n complex not only reduces monomer conversion and catalyst lifetime but also influences polymer microstructure. However, we find that the addition of chloride salts dramatically improves ROMP conversion and control. By carrying out aqueous ROMP in the presence of various chloride sources such as NaCl, KCl, or tetrabutylammonium chloride, we show that diblock copolymers can be readily synthesized via ROMPISA in solutions with high concentrations of neutral H2O (i.e., 90 v/v%) and relatively low concentrations of catalyst (i.e., 1 mol %). The capability to conduct aqueous ROMP at neutral pH is anticipated to enable new research avenues, particularly for applications in biological media, where the unique characteristics of ROMP provide distinct advantages over other polymerization strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey C. Foster
- School
of Chemistry, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, United
Kingdom
| | - Marcus C. Grocott
- School
of Chemistry, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, United
Kingdom
| | - Lucy A. Arkinstall
- School
of Chemistry, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, United
Kingdom
| | - Spyridon Varlas
- School
of Chemistry, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, United
Kingdom
| | - McKenna J. Redding
- Department
of Chemistry, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana 70118, United States
| | - Scott M. Grayson
- Department
of Chemistry, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana 70118, United States
| | - Rachel K. O’Reilly
- School
of Chemistry, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, United
Kingdom
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39
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Self-assembled nanostructures from amphiphilic block copolymers prepared via ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP). Prog Polym Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2020.101278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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40
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Su JK, Lee SY, Elling BR, Xia Y. Ring-Opening Metathesis Polymerization of 1,1-Disubstituted 1-Methylcyclopropenes. Macromolecules 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c00837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica K. Su
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - So Young Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Benjamin R. Elling
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Yan Xia
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
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41
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Luu QH, Gladysz JA. An Air‐ and Water‐Stable Hydrogen‐Bond‐Donor Catalyst for the Enantioselective Generation of Quaternary Carbon Stereocenters by Additions of Substituted Cyanoacetate Esters to Acetylenic Esters. Chemistry 2020; 26:10230-10239. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.202001639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2020] [Revised: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Quang H. Luu
- Department of Chemistry Texas A&M University P.O. Box 30012 College Station Texas 77842-3012 USA
| | - John A. Gladysz
- Department of Chemistry Texas A&M University P.O. Box 30012 College Station Texas 77842-3012 USA
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42
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Banwell MG, Liu X, Connal LA, Gardiner MG. Synthesis of Functionally and Stereochemically Diverse Polymers via Ring-Opening Metathesis Polymerization of Derivatives of the Biomass-Derived Platform Molecule Levoglucosenone Produced at Industrial Scale. Macromolecules 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c01305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Martin G. Banwell
- Institute for Advanced and Applied Chemical Synthesis, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
- Research School of Chemistry, Institute of Advanced Studies, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Xin Liu
- Research School of Chemistry, Institute of Advanced Studies, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Luke A. Connal
- Research School of Chemistry, Institute of Advanced Studies, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Michael G. Gardiner
- Research School of Chemistry, Institute of Advanced Studies, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
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43
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Walsh DJ, Schinski DA, Schneider RA, Guironnet D. General route to design polymer molecular weight distributions through flow chemistry. Nat Commun 2020; 11:3094. [PMID: 32555179 PMCID: PMC7303143 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-16874-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The properties of a polymer are known to be intrinsically related to its molecular weight distribution (MWD); however, previous methodologies of MWD control do not use a design and result in arbitrary shaped MWDs. Here we report a precise design to synthesis protocol for producing a targeted MWD design with a simple to use, and chemistry agnostic computer-controlled tubular flow reactor. To support the development of this protocol, we constructed general reactor design rules by combining fluid mechanical principles, polymerization kinetics, and experiments. The ring opening polymerization of lactide, the anionic polymerization of styrene, and the ring opening metathesis polymerization are used as model polymerizations to develop the reactor design rules and synthesize MWD profiles. The derivation of a mathematical model enables the quantitative prediction of the experimental results, and this model provides a tool to explore the limits of any MWD design protocol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dylan J Walsh
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Devin A Schinski
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Robert A Schneider
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Damien Guironnet
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.
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44
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Yasir M, Liu P, Markwart JC, Suraeva O, Wurm FR, Smart J, Lattuada M, Kilbinger AFM. One‐Step Ring Opening Metathesis Block‐Like Copolymers and their Compositional Analysis by a Novel Retardation Technique. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:13597-13601. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202005366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Yasir
- Department of Chemistry University of Fribourg Chemin du Musée 9 1700 Fribourg Switzerland
| | - Peng Liu
- Department of Chemistry University of Fribourg Chemin du Musée 9 1700 Fribourg Switzerland
| | - Jens C. Markwart
- Max-Planck-Institut für Polymerforschung Ackermannweg 10 55128 Mainz Germany
| | - Oksana Suraeva
- Max-Planck-Institut für Polymerforschung Ackermannweg 10 55128 Mainz Germany
| | - Frederik R. Wurm
- Max-Planck-Institut für Polymerforschung Ackermannweg 10 55128 Mainz Germany
| | - Jansie Smart
- Department of Chemistry University of Fribourg Chemin du Musée 9 1700 Fribourg Switzerland
| | - Marco Lattuada
- Department of Chemistry University of Fribourg Chemin du Musée 9 1700 Fribourg Switzerland
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45
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Yasir M, Liu P, Markwart JC, Suraeva O, Wurm FR, Smart J, Lattuada M, Kilbinger AFM. One‐Step Ring Opening Metathesis Block‐Like Copolymers and their Compositional Analysis by a Novel Retardation Technique. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202005366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Yasir
- Department of Chemistry University of Fribourg Chemin du Musée 9 1700 Fribourg Switzerland
| | - Peng Liu
- Department of Chemistry University of Fribourg Chemin du Musée 9 1700 Fribourg Switzerland
| | - Jens C. Markwart
- Max-Planck-Institut für Polymerforschung Ackermannweg 10 55128 Mainz Germany
| | - Oksana Suraeva
- Max-Planck-Institut für Polymerforschung Ackermannweg 10 55128 Mainz Germany
| | - Frederik R. Wurm
- Max-Planck-Institut für Polymerforschung Ackermannweg 10 55128 Mainz Germany
| | - Jansie Smart
- Department of Chemistry University of Fribourg Chemin du Musée 9 1700 Fribourg Switzerland
| | - Marco Lattuada
- Department of Chemistry University of Fribourg Chemin du Musée 9 1700 Fribourg Switzerland
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46
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Pattison TG, Hess AE, Arellano N, Lanzillo N, Nguyen S, Bui H, Rettner C, Truong H, Friz A, Topuria T, Fong A, Hughes B, Tek AT, DeSilva A, Miller RD, Qiao GG, Wojtecki RJ. Surface Initiated Polymer Thin Films for the Area Selective Deposition and Etching of Metal Oxides. ACS NANO 2020; 14:4276-4288. [PMID: 32167284 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.9b09637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The area selective growth of polymers and their use as inhibiting layers for inorganic film depositions may provide a valuable self-aligned process for fabrication. Polynorbornene (PNB) thin films were grown from surface-bound initiators and show inhibitory properties against the atomic layer deposition (ALD) of ZnO and TiO2. Area selective control of the polymerization was achieved through the synthesis of initiators that incorporate surface-binding ligands, enabling their selective attachment to metal oxide features versus silicon dielectrics, which were then used to initiate surface polymerizations. The subsequent use of these films in an ALD process enabled the area selective deposition (ASD) of up to 39 nm of ZnO. In addition, polymer thickness was found to play a key role, where films that underwent longer polymerization times were more effective at inhibiting higher numbers of ALD cycles. Finally, while the ASD of a TiO2 film was not achieved despite blanket studies showing inhibition, the ALD deposition on polymer regions of a patterned film produced a different quality metal oxide and therefore altered its etch resistance. This property was exploited in the area selective etch of a metal feature. This demonstration of an area selective surface-grown polymer to enable ASD and selective etch has implications for the fabrication of both micro- and nanoscale features and surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas G Pattison
- Polymer Science Group, Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Alexander E Hess
- International Business Machines - Almaden Research Center, 650 Harry Road, San Jose, California 95120, United States
| | - Noel Arellano
- International Business Machines - Almaden Research Center, 650 Harry Road, San Jose, California 95120, United States
| | - Nicholas Lanzillo
- IBM Research at Albany Nanotech, 257 Fuller Road, Albany, New York 12203, United States
| | - Son Nguyen
- International Business Machines - Semiconductor Technology Research, 257 Fuller Road, Albany, New York 12203, United States
| | - Holt Bui
- International Business Machines - Almaden Research Center, 650 Harry Road, San Jose, California 95120, United States
| | - Charles Rettner
- International Business Machines - Almaden Research Center, 650 Harry Road, San Jose, California 95120, United States
| | - Hoa Truong
- International Business Machines - Almaden Research Center, 650 Harry Road, San Jose, California 95120, United States
| | - Alexander Friz
- International Business Machines - Almaden Research Center, 650 Harry Road, San Jose, California 95120, United States
| | - Teya Topuria
- International Business Machines - Almaden Research Center, 650 Harry Road, San Jose, California 95120, United States
| | - Anthony Fong
- International Business Machines - Almaden Research Center, 650 Harry Road, San Jose, California 95120, United States
| | - Brian Hughes
- International Business Machines - Almaden Research Center, 650 Harry Road, San Jose, California 95120, United States
| | - Andy T Tek
- International Business Machines - Almaden Research Center, 650 Harry Road, San Jose, California 95120, United States
| | - Anuja DeSilva
- International Business Machines - Semiconductor Technology Research, 257 Fuller Road, Albany, New York 12203, United States
| | - Robert D Miller
- International Business Machines - Almaden Research Center, 650 Harry Road, San Jose, California 95120, United States
| | - Greg G Qiao
- Polymer Science Group, Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Rudy J Wojtecki
- International Business Machines - Almaden Research Center, 650 Harry Road, San Jose, California 95120, United States
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47
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Kim MJ, Yu YG, Chae CG, Seo HB, Lee JS. Facile Synthesis of Amphiphilic Bottlebrush Block Copolymers Bearing Pyridine Pendants via Click Reaction from Protected Alkyne Side Groups. Macromolecules 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.9b02674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Myung-Jin Kim
- School of Materials Science and Engineering and Grubbs Center for Polymers and Catalysis, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), 123 Cheomdangwagi-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Guen Yu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering and Grubbs Center for Polymers and Catalysis, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), 123 Cheomdangwagi-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Geun Chae
- School of Materials Science and Engineering and Grubbs Center for Polymers and Catalysis, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), 123 Cheomdangwagi-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho-Bin Seo
- School of Materials Science and Engineering and Grubbs Center for Polymers and Catalysis, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), 123 Cheomdangwagi-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Suk Lee
- School of Materials Science and Engineering and Grubbs Center for Polymers and Catalysis, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), 123 Cheomdangwagi-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
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48
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Galukhin A, Nikolaev I, Nosov R, Vyazovkin S. Solid-state polymerization of a novel cyanate ester based on 4- tert-butylcalix[6]arene. Polym Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0py00554a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Solid-state polymerization of a cyclic cyanate ester shows zero-order kinetics and proceeds through cooperative breaking of CN bonds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrey Galukhin
- Alexander Butlerov Institute of Chemistry
- Kazan Federal University
- Kazan 420008
- Russian Federation
| | - Ilya Nikolaev
- Alexander Butlerov Institute of Chemistry
- Kazan Federal University
- Kazan 420008
- Russian Federation
| | - Roman Nosov
- Alexander Butlerov Institute of Chemistry
- Kazan Federal University
- Kazan 420008
- Russian Federation
| | - Sergey Vyazovkin
- Alexander Butlerov Institute of Chemistry
- Kazan Federal University
- Kazan 420008
- Russian Federation
- Department of Chemistry
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49
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Forcina V, García-Domínguez A, Lloyd-Jones GC. Kinetics of initiation of the third generation Grubbs metathesis catalyst: convergent associative and dissociative pathways. Faraday Discuss 2019; 220:179-195. [PMID: 31531438 DOI: 10.1039/c9fd00043g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The kinetics of the nominally irreversible reaction of the third generation Grubbs catalyst G-III-Br (4.6 μM) with ethyl vinyl ether (EVE) in toluene at 5 °C have been re-visited. There is a rapid equilibrium between the bispyridyl form of G-III-Br, 1, and its monopyridyl form, 2 (K ≈ 0.001 M). The empirical rate constants (kobs.) for the reaction with EVE, determined UV-vis spectrophotometrically under optimised anaerobic stopped-flow conditions, are found by testing the quality of fit of a series of steady-state approximations. The kinetics do not correlate with solely dissociative or associative pathways, but do correlate with a mechanism where these pathways converge at an alkene complex primed to undergo metathesis. In the presence of traces of air there is a marked increased in the rate of decay of G-III-Br due to competing oxidation to yield benzaldehyde; a process that appears to be very efficiently catalysed by trace metal contaminants. The apparent acceleration of the initiation process may account for the rates determined herein being over an order of magnitude lower than previously estimated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Forcina
- EaStChem, School of Chemistry, Joseph Black Building, David Brewster Road, EH9 3FJ, Edinburgh, UK.
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50
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Cetinkaya IC, Eren T. The synthesis of cyclic hydroxy-phosphonate bearing polybutene using ROMP. Eur Polym J 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2019.109318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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