1
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Li T, Li T, Yang Y, Qiu Y, Liu Y, Zhang M, Zhuang H, Schmidt RR, Peng P. Reaction Rate and Stereoselectivity Enhancement in Glycosidations with O-Glycosyl Trihaloacetimidate Donors due to Catalysis by a Lewis Acid-Nitrile Cooperative Effect. J Org Chem 2024. [PMID: 38805026 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.4c00554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Activation of O-glycosyl trihaloacetimidate glycosyl donors with AuCl3 as a catalyst and pivalonitrile (tBuCN) as a ligand led to excellent glycosidation results in terms of yield and anomeric selectivity. In this way, various β-d-gluco- and β-d-galactopyranosides were obtained conveniently and efficiently. Experimental studies and density functional theory (DFT) calculations, in order to elucidate the reaction course, support formation of the tBuCN-AuCl2-OR(H)+ AuCl4- complex as a decisive intermediate in the glycosidation event. Proton transfer from this acceptor complex to the imidate nitrogen leads to donor activation. In this way, guided by the C-2 configuration of the glycosyl donor, the alignment of the acceptor complex enforces the stereoselective β-glycoside formation in an intramolecular fashion, thus promoting also a fast reaction course. The high stereocontrol of this novel 'Lewis acid-nitrile cooperative effect' is independent of the glycosyl donor anomeric configuration and without the support of neighboring group or remote group participation. The power of the methodology is shown by a successful glycoalkaloid solamargine synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianlu Li
- National Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong Technology Innovation Center of Carbohydrate, NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Carbohydrate Based Medicine, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Shandong University, Shandong 266237, China
| | - Tong Li
- National Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong Technology Innovation Center of Carbohydrate, NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Carbohydrate Based Medicine, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Shandong University, Shandong 266237, China
| | - Yue Yang
- National Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong Technology Innovation Center of Carbohydrate, NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Carbohydrate Based Medicine, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Shandong University, Shandong 266237, China
| | - Yongshun Qiu
- National Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong Technology Innovation Center of Carbohydrate, NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Carbohydrate Based Medicine, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Shandong University, Shandong 266237, China
| | - Yingguo Liu
- Division of Molecular Catalysis and Synthesis, Henan Institute of Advanced Technology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450000, China
| | - Miaomiao Zhang
- National Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong Technology Innovation Center of Carbohydrate, NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Carbohydrate Based Medicine, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Shandong University, Shandong 266237, China
| | - Haoru Zhuang
- National Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong Technology Innovation Center of Carbohydrate, NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Carbohydrate Based Medicine, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Shandong University, Shandong 266237, China
| | - Richard R Schmidt
- Department of Chemistry, University of Konstanz, Konstanz D-78457, Germany
| | - Peng Peng
- National Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong Technology Innovation Center of Carbohydrate, NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Carbohydrate Based Medicine, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Shandong University, Shandong 266237, China
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2
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Wang C, Krupp A, Strohmann C, Grabe B, Loh CCJ. Harnessing Multistep Chalcogen Bonding Activation in the α-Stereoselective Synthesis of Iminoglycosides. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:10608-10620. [PMID: 38564319 PMCID: PMC11027159 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c00262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2024] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
The use of noncovalent interactions (NCIs) has received significant attention as a pivotal synthetic handle. Recently, the exploitation of unconventional NCIs has gained considerable traction in challenging reaction manifolds such as glycosylation due to their capacity to facilitate entry into difficult-to-access sugars and glycomimetics. While investigations involving oxacyclic pyrano- or furanoside scaffolds are relatively common, methods that allow the selective synthesis of biologically important iminosugars are comparatively rare. Here, we report the capacity of a phosphonochalcogenide (PCH) to catalyze the stereoselective α-iminoglycosylation of iminoglycals with a wide array of glycosyl acceptors with remarkable protecting group tolerance. Mechanistic studies have illuminated the counterintuitive role of the catalyst in serially activating both the glycosyl donor and acceptor in the up/downstream stages of the reaction through chalcogen bonding (ChB). The dynamic interaction of chalcogens with substrates opens up new mechanistic opportunities based on iterative ChB catalyst engagement and disengagement in multiple elementary steps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caiming Wang
- Abteilung
Chemische Biologie, Max Planck Institut
für Molekulare Physiologie, Otto-Hahn-Straße 11, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
- Fakultät
für Chemie und Chemische Biologie, Technische Universität Dortmund, Otto-Hahn-Straße 4a, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Anna Krupp
- Anorganische
Chemie, Technische Universität Dortmund, Otto-Hahn-Straße 6, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Carsten Strohmann
- Anorganische
Chemie, Technische Universität Dortmund, Otto-Hahn-Straße 6, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Bastian Grabe
- Fakultät
für Chemie und Chemische Biologie, Technische Universität Dortmund, Otto-Hahn-Straße 4a, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Charles C. J. Loh
- Abteilung
Chemische Biologie, Max Planck Institut
für Molekulare Physiologie, Otto-Hahn-Straße 11, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
- Fakultät
für Chemie und Chemische Biologie, Technische Universität Dortmund, Otto-Hahn-Straße 4a, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
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3
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Kumar N, Yadav M, Kashyap S. Reagent-controlled chemo/stereoselective glycosylation of ʟ-fucal to access rare deoxysugars. Carbohydr Res 2024; 535:108992. [PMID: 38091695 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2023.108992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2024]
Abstract
2,6-Dideoxy sugars constitute an important class of anticancer antibiotics natural products and serve as essential medicinal tools for carbohydrate-based drug discovery and vaccine development. In particular, 2-deoxy ʟ-fucose or ʟ-oliose is a rare sugar and vital structural motif of several potent antifungal and immunosuppressive bioactive molecules. Herein, we devised a reagent-controlled stereo and chemoselective activation of ʟ-fucal, enabling the distinctive glycosylation pathways to access the rare ʟ-oliose and 2,3-unsaturated ʟ-fucoside. The milder oxo-philic Bi(OTf)3 catalyst induced the direct 1,2-addition predominantly, whereas B(C6F5)3 promoted the allylic Ferrier-rearrangement of the enol-ether moiety in ʟ-fucal glycal donor, distinguishing the competitive mechanisms. The reagent-tunable modular approach is highly advantageous, employing greener catalysts and atom-economical transformations, expensive ligand/additive-free, and probed for a diverse range of substrates comprising monosaccharides, amino-acids, bioactive natural products, and drug scaffolds embedded with susceptible or labile functionalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nitin Kumar
- Carbohydrate Chemistry Research Laboratory (CCRL), Department of Chemistry, Malaviya National Institute of Technology Jaipur (MNITJ), Jaipur, 302017, India
| | - Monika Yadav
- Carbohydrate Chemistry Research Laboratory (CCRL), Department of Chemistry, Malaviya National Institute of Technology Jaipur (MNITJ), Jaipur, 302017, India
| | - Sudhir Kashyap
- Carbohydrate Chemistry Research Laboratory (CCRL), Department of Chemistry, Malaviya National Institute of Technology Jaipur (MNITJ), Jaipur, 302017, India.
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4
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Abstract
The structural complexity of glycans poses a serious challenge in the chemical synthesis of glycosides, oligosaccharides and glycoconjugates. Glycan complexity, determined by composition, connectivity, and configuration far exceeds what nature achieves with nucleic acids and proteins. Consequently, glycoside synthesis ranks among the most complex tasks in organic synthesis, despite involving only a simple type of bond-forming reaction. Here, we introduce the fundamental principles of glycoside bond formation and summarize recent advances in glycoside bond formation and oligosaccharide synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Conor J Crawford
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute for Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany.
| | - Peter H Seeberger
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute for Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany.
- Institute for Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 22, 14195 Berlin, Germany
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5
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Navarro M, Holzapfel M, Campos J. A Cavity-Shaped Gold(I) Fragment Enables CO 2 Insertion into Au-OH and Au-NH Bonds. Inorg Chem 2023. [PMID: 37367828 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c00751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
A cavity-shaped linear gold(I) hydroxide complex acts as a platform to access unusual gold monomeric species. Notably, this sterically crowded gold fragment enables the trapping of CO2 via insertion into Au-OH and Au-NH bonds to form unprecedented monomeric gold(I) carbonate and carbamate complexes. In addition, we succeeded in the identification of the first gold(I) terminal hydride bearing a phosphine ligand. The basic nature of the Au(I)-hydroxide moiety is also explored through the reactivity toward other molecules containing acidic protons such as trifluoromethanesulfonic acid and terminal alkynes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miquel Navarro
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas (IIQ), Departamento de Química Inorgánica and Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) and University of Sevilla, Sevilla 41092, Spain
| | - Markus Holzapfel
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas (IIQ), Departamento de Química Inorgánica and Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) and University of Sevilla, Sevilla 41092, Spain
| | - Jesús Campos
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas (IIQ), Departamento de Química Inorgánica and Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) and University of Sevilla, Sevilla 41092, Spain
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6
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Bhardwaj M, Mukherjee D. Regio and Stereoselective One-Pot Synthesis of 2-Deoxy-3-thio Pyranoses and Their O-Glycosides from Glycals. J Org Chem 2023; 88:5676-5686. [PMID: 37083468 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c00146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/22/2023]
Abstract
A reaction of glycals with two different types of nucleophiles in the presence of SnCl4 enabled one-pot rapid access to 2-deoxy-3-thio pyranoses and their O-glycosides. The process involves thioaryl substitution at C-3 with stereoretention and α-selective O-glycosylation at C-1 from d-glycals, thus combining two reactions with three interventions. The present methodology features an attractive three-component coupling (1:1.2:1.5 ratio) with operational simplicity at 0 °C in 10-20 min. This stereoselective one-pot 1,3-difunctionalization approach of glycals is compatible with wide range of primary and secondary alcohols affording products in good to excellent yields. This methodology was successfully extended toward disaccharide synthesis. Several control experiments suggested a plausible reaction mechanism and rationale behind regio and stereoselectivity. The reaction strategy possesses an intrinsic ability for the synthesis of various natural products and drug molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Bhardwaj
- Natural Product and Medicinal Chemistry Division, Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine (CSIR-IIIM), Canal Road, Jammu 180001, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Debaraj Mukherjee
- Natural Product and Medicinal Chemistry Division, Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine (CSIR-IIIM), Canal Road, Jammu 180001, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
- Department of Chemistry, BOSE Institute, Kolkata 700054, India
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7
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Geulin A, Bourne-Branchu Y, Ben Ayed K, Lecourt T, Joosten A. Ferrier/Aza-Wacker/Epoxidation/Glycosylation (FAWEG) Sequence to Access 1,2-Trans 3-Amino-3-deoxyglycosides. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202203987. [PMID: 36793144 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202203987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
3-Amino-3-deoxyglycosides constitute an essential class of nitrogen-containing sugars. Among them, many important 3-amino-3-deoxyglycosides possess a 1,2-trans relationship. In view of their numerous biological applications, the synthesis of 3-amino-3-deoxyglycosyl donors giving rise to a 1,2-trans glycosidic linkage is thus an important challenge. Even though glycals are highly polyvalent donors, the synthesis and reactivity of 3-amino-3-deoxyglycals have been little studied. In this work, we describe a new sequence, involving a Ferrier rearrangement and subsequent aza-Wacker cyclization that allows the rapid synthesis of orthogonally protected 3-amino-3-deoxyglycals. Finally a 3-amino-3-deoxygalactal derivative was submitted for the first time to an epoxidation/glycosylation with high yield and great diastereoselectivity, highlighting FAWEG (Ferrier/Aza-Wacker/Epoxidation/Glycosylation) as a new approach to access 1,2-trans 3-amino-3-deoxyglycosides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anselme Geulin
- Normandie Univ, INSA Rouen, UNIROUEN, CNRS, COBRA UMR 6014, 76000, Rouen, France
- 24 Rue Lucien Tesnière, 76130, Mont-Saint-Aignan, France
| | - Yann Bourne-Branchu
- Normandie Univ, INSA Rouen, UNIROUEN, CNRS, COBRA UMR 6014, 76000, Rouen, France
- 24 Rue Lucien Tesnière, 76130, Mont-Saint-Aignan, France
| | - Kawther Ben Ayed
- Normandie Univ, INSA Rouen, UNIROUEN, CNRS, COBRA UMR 6014, 76000, Rouen, France
- 24 Rue Lucien Tesnière, 76130, Mont-Saint-Aignan, France
| | - Thomas Lecourt
- Normandie Univ, INSA Rouen, UNIROUEN, CNRS, COBRA UMR 6014, 76000, Rouen, France
- 24 Rue Lucien Tesnière, 76130, Mont-Saint-Aignan, France
| | - Antoine Joosten
- Normandie Univ, INSA Rouen, UNIROUEN, CNRS, COBRA UMR 6014, 76000, Rouen, France
- 24 Rue Lucien Tesnière, 76130, Mont-Saint-Aignan, France
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8
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Carney N, Perry N, Garabedian J, Nagorny P. Development of α-Selective Glycosylation with l-Oleandral and Its Application to the Total Synthesis of Oleandrin. Org Lett 2023; 25:966-971. [PMID: 36739571 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c04358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
This letter describes the development of an α-selective glycosylation using l-oleandrose, a 2-deoxysugar that is frequently found in natural products, and its application to the total synthesis of the natural cardiotonic steroids oleandrin and beaumontoside. To improve the reaction diastereoselectivity and to minimize side-product formation, an extensive evaluation and optimization of the conditions leading to α-selective glycosylation of digitoxigenin with l-oleandrose-based donors was conducted. These studies led to the exploration of 8 different phosphine·acid complexes or salts and yielded HBr·PPh3 as the optimal catalyst, which provided in the cleanest α-glycosylation and produced protected beaumontoside in 67% yield. Subsequent application of these conditions to synthetic oleandrigenin afforded the desired α-product in 69% isolated yield─enabling the completion of the first synthesis of oleandrin in 17 steps (1.2% yield) from testosterone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nolan Carney
- Program in Chemical Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Natasha Perry
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Jacob Garabedian
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Pavel Nagorny
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
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9
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Hou M, Xiang Y, Gao J, Zhang J, Wang N, Shi H, Huang N, Yao H. Stereoselective Synthesis of 2-Deoxy Glycosides via Iron Catalysis. Org Lett 2023; 25:832-837. [PMID: 36700622 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c04379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
An Fe-catalyzed 2-deoxy glycosylation method was developed from 3,4-O-carbonate glycals directly at room temperature. This novel approach enabled facile access to alkyl and aryl 2-deoxy glycosides in high yields with exclusive α-stereoselectivity, tolerating various alcohols, phenols, and glycals. The synthetic utility and advantage of this strategy have been demonstrated by the modification of six natural products and the construction of a tetrasaccharide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyu Hou
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Products Research and Development, Key Laboratory of Functional Yeast (China National Light Industry), College of Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, P.R. China
| | - Yimin Xiang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Products Research and Development, Key Laboratory of Functional Yeast (China National Light Industry), College of Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, P.R. China
| | - Jingyu Gao
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Products Research and Development, Key Laboratory of Functional Yeast (China National Light Industry), College of Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, P.R. China
| | - Jingyu Zhang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Products Research and Development, Key Laboratory of Functional Yeast (China National Light Industry), College of Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, P.R. China
| | - Nengzhong Wang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Products Research and Development, Key Laboratory of Functional Yeast (China National Light Industry), College of Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, P.R. China
| | - Haolin Shi
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Products Research and Development, Key Laboratory of Functional Yeast (China National Light Industry), College of Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, P.R. China
| | - Nianyu Huang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Products Research and Development, Key Laboratory of Functional Yeast (China National Light Industry), College of Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, P.R. China
| | - Hui Yao
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Products Research and Development, Key Laboratory of Functional Yeast (China National Light Industry), College of Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, P.R. China
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10
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Mukherji A, Rotta MKV, Sarmah BK, Kancharla PK. Influence of Various Silyl Protecting Groups on Stereoselective 2-Deoxyrhamnosylation. J Org Chem 2023; 88:245-260. [PMID: 36524596 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c02285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The influence of various silyl protecting groups on 2-deoxyrhamnosylation using 2-deoxyrhamnosyl acetates, thioglycosides, and (p-methoxyphenyl)vinylbenzoate (PMPVB) donors has been presented. C-Glycosylation reactions reveal that tert-butyldimethylsilyl (TBDMS), triisopropylsilyl (TIPS), and tert-butyldiphenylsilyl (TBDPS) silyl protected rhamnosyl oxocarbenium ions have no facial selectivity except for the conformationally (4H3) locked tetraisopropyldisiloxane (TIPDS) protected rhamnose donor, which provides complete α-selectivity. However, TBDPS protected rhamnosyl donors are found to be superior protecting groups for α-stereoselective O-glycosylation reactions with various acceptors. The observed results are found consistent across donors and donor activation conditions. Most importantly, the study was conducted at room temperature unlike the other energy-intensive low-temperature studies and was bound to have more practical utility. The outcomes have been explained using kinetic and thermodynamic analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ananya Mukherji
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam 781039, India
| | - Mahendra K V Rotta
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam 781039, India
| | - Bikash K Sarmah
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam 781039, India
| | - Pavan K Kancharla
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam 781039, India
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11
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Jeanneret R, Walz C, van Meerbeek M, Coppock S, Galan MC. AuCl 3-Catalyzed Hemiacetal Activation for the Stereoselective Synthesis of 2-Deoxy Trehalose Derivatives. Org Lett 2022; 24:6304-6309. [PMID: 35994370 PMCID: PMC9442795 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c02530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A new practical, catalytic, and highly stereoselective method for directly accessing 1,1-α,α'-linked 2-deoxy trehalose analogues via AuCl3-catalyzed dehydrative glycosylation using hemiacetal glycosyl donors and acceptors is described. The method relies on the chemoselective Brønsted acid-type activation of tribenzylated 2-deoxy hemiacetals in the presence of other less reactive hemiacetals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin Jeanneret
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, United Kingdom
| | - Carlo Walz
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, United Kingdom
| | - Maarten van Meerbeek
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah Coppock
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, United Kingdom
| | - M Carmen Galan
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, United Kingdom
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12
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Singh Y, Geringer SA, Demchenko AV. Synthesis and Glycosidation of Anomeric Halides: Evolution from Early Studies to Modern Methods of the 21st Century. Chem Rev 2022; 122:11701-11758. [PMID: 35675037 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Advances in synthetic carbohydrate chemistry have dramatically improved access to common glycans. However, many novel methods still fail to adequately address challenges associated with chemical glycosylation and glycan synthesis. Since a challenge of glycosylation has remained, scientists have been frequently returning to the traditional glycosyl donors. This review is dedicated to glycosyl halides that have played crucial roles in shaping the field of glycosciences and continue to pave the way toward our understanding of chemical glycosylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yashapal Singh
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Missouri-St. Louis, One University Boulevard, St. Louis, Missouri 63121, United States
| | - Scott A Geringer
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Missouri-St. Louis, One University Boulevard, St. Louis, Missouri 63121, United States
| | - Alexei V Demchenko
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Missouri-St. Louis, One University Boulevard, St. Louis, Missouri 63121, United States.,Department of Chemistry, Saint Louis University, 3501 Laclede Avenue, St. Louis, Missouri 63103, United States
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13
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Mukherjee MM, Ghosh R, Hanover JA. Recent Advances in Stereoselective Chemical O-Glycosylation Reactions. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:896187. [PMID: 35775080 PMCID: PMC9237389 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.896187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Carbohydrates involving glycoconjugates play a pivotal role in many life processes. Better understanding toward glycobiological events including the structure–function relationship of these biomolecules and for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes including tailor-made vaccine development and synthesis of structurally well-defined oligosaccharides (OS) become important. Efficient chemical glycosylation in high yield and stereoselectivity is however challenging and depends on the fine tuning of a protection profile to get matching glycosyl donor–acceptor reactivity along with proper use of other important external factors like catalyst, solvent, temperature, activator, and additive. So far, many glycosylation methods have been reported including several reviews also. In the present review, we will concentrate our discussion on the recent trend on α- and β-selective glycosylation reactions reported during the past decade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mana Mohan Mukherjee
- Laboratory of Cell and Molecular Biology, NIDDK, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Rina Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, India
- *Correspondence: John A. Hanover, ; Rina Ghosh,
| | - John A. Hanover
- Laboratory of Cell and Molecular Biology, NIDDK, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
- *Correspondence: John A. Hanover, ; Rina Ghosh,
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14
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Liu F, Huang H, Sun L, Yan Z, Tan X, Li J, Luo X, Ding H, Xiao Q. P(v) intermediate-mediated E1cB elimination for the synthesis of glycals. Chem Sci 2022; 13:5588-5596. [PMID: 35694351 PMCID: PMC9116453 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc01423h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycals are highly versatile and useful building blocks in the chemistry of carbohydrate and natural products. However, the practical synthesis of glycals remains a long-standing and mostly unsolved problem in synthetic chemistry. Herein, we present an unprecedented approach to make a variety of glycals using phosphonium hydrolysis-induced, P(v) intermediate-mediated E1cB elimination. The method provides a highly efficient, practical and scalable strategy for the synthesis of glycals with good generality and excellent yields. Furthermore, the strategy was successfully applied to late-stage modification of complex drug-like molecules. Additionally, the corresponding 1-deuterium-glycals were produced easily by simple tBuONa/D2O-hydrolysis–elimination. Mechanistic investigations indicated that the oxaphosphorane intermediate-mediated E1cB mechanism is responsible for the elimination reaction. A novel glucosylphosphonium-hydrolysis induced E1cB-elimination provides a highly efficient, practical and scalable method for the synthesis of glycals with good compatibility and excellent yields.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Fen Liu
- Key Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University Nanchang 330013 Jiangxi Province China
| | - Haiyang Huang
- Key Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University Nanchang 330013 Jiangxi Province China
| | - Longgen Sun
- Key Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University Nanchang 330013 Jiangxi Province China
| | - Zeen Yan
- Key Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University Nanchang 330013 Jiangxi Province China
| | - Xiao Tan
- Key Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University Nanchang 330013 Jiangxi Province China
| | - Jing Li
- Key Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University Nanchang 330013 Jiangxi Province China
| | - Xinyue Luo
- Key Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University Nanchang 330013 Jiangxi Province China
| | - Haixin Ding
- Key Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University Nanchang 330013 Jiangxi Province China
| | - Qiang Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University Nanchang 330013 Jiangxi Province China
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15
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Liu KM, Wang PY, Guo ZY, Xiong DC, Qin XJ, Liu M, Liu M, Xue WY, Ye XS. Iterative Synthesis of 2-Deoxyoligosaccharides Enabled by Stereoselective Visible-Light-Promoted Glycosylation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202114726. [PMID: 35133053 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202114726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The photoinitiated intramolecular hydroetherification of alkenols has been used to form C-O bonds, but the intermolecular hydroetherification of alkenes with alcohols remains an unsolved challenge. We herein report the visible-light-promoted 2-deoxyglycosylation of alcohols with glycals. The glycosylation reaction was completed within 2 min in a high quantum yield (ϕ=28.6). This method was suitable for a wide array of substrates and displayed good reaction yields and excellent stereoselectivity. The value of this protocol was further demonstrated by the iterative synthesis of 2-deoxyglycans with α-2-deoxyglycosidic linkages up to a 20-mer in length and digoxin with β-2-deoxyglycosidic linkages. Mechanistic studies indicated that this reaction involved a glycosyl radical cation intermediate and a photoinitiated chain process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai-Meng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Xue Yuan Road No. 38, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Peng-Yu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Xue Yuan Road No. 38, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Zhen-Yan Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Xue Yuan Road No. 38, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - De-Cai Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Xue Yuan Road No. 38, Beijing, 100191, China.,State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xian-Jin Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Xue Yuan Road No. 38, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Miao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Xue Yuan Road No. 38, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Meng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Xue Yuan Road No. 38, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Wan-Ying Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Xue Yuan Road No. 38, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Xin-Shan Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Xue Yuan Road No. 38, Beijing, 100191, China
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16
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulio Goti
- Università degli Studi di Padova Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche via Francesco Marzolo, 1 35131 Padova ITALY
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17
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Shinde MH, Ramana CV. Facile synthesis of the spiro-pyridoindolone scaffold via a gold-catalysed intramolecular alkynol cyclisation/hydroindolylation. Org Biomol Chem 2022; 20:2086-2095. [PMID: 35188513 DOI: 10.1039/d1ob02483c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
A simple approach for the synthesis of pyridoindolone scaffolds with a spiroannulated tetrahydrofuran ring is described. The overall process comprises intramolecular sequential gold-catalysed 5-endo-dig alkynol cycloisomerization and subsequent addition of indole C2 to the in situ generated oxocarbenium cation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahesh H Shinde
- Division of Organic Chemistry, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Dr Homi Bhabha Road, Pune 411 008, India. .,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad-201002, India
| | - Chepuri V Ramana
- Division of Organic Chemistry, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Dr Homi Bhabha Road, Pune 411 008, India. .,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad-201002, India
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18
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Liu K, Wang P, Guo Z, Xiong D, Qin X, Liu M, Liu M, Xue W, Ye X. Iterative Synthesis of 2‐Deoxyoligosaccharides Enabled by Stereoselective Visible‐Light‐Promoted Glycosylation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202114726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kai‐Meng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Peking University Xue Yuan Road No. 38 Beijing 100191 China
| | - Peng‐Yu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Peking University Xue Yuan Road No. 38 Beijing 100191 China
| | - Zhen‐Yan Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Peking University Xue Yuan Road No. 38 Beijing 100191 China
| | - De‐Cai Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Peking University Xue Yuan Road No. 38 Beijing 100191 China
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 Jiangsu China
| | - Xian‐Jin Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Peking University Xue Yuan Road No. 38 Beijing 100191 China
| | - Miao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Peking University Xue Yuan Road No. 38 Beijing 100191 China
| | - Meng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Peking University Xue Yuan Road No. 38 Beijing 100191 China
| | - Wan‐Ying Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Peking University Xue Yuan Road No. 38 Beijing 100191 China
| | - Xin‐Shan Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Peking University Xue Yuan Road No. 38 Beijing 100191 China
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19
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Pan L, Zou M, Ma F, Kong L, Zhang C, Yang L, Zhu A, Long F, Liu XY, Lin N. Fast dopamine detection based on evanescent wave detection platform. Anal Chim Acta 2022; 1191:339312. [PMID: 35033271 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2021.339312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 11/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
A compact evanescent wave detection platform (EWDP) is developed for the detection of fluorescence gold nanoclusters. The EWDP employs a simple optical system and a Si-based photodetector SOP-1000 assembly to improve the optical efficiency and detection sensitivity. A microfluidic sample cell is also used to decrease the amount of analyte to 200 μL (The volume of sample cell is really about 30 μL). On this basis, we design a strategy for detecting dopamine (DA) based on the photoinduced electron transfer (PET) quenching mechanism. By introduction of tyrosinase (TYR) during the detection, the testing time is shortened to 1 min. The fluorescence emission signal decreased dramatically and the quenching ratio (F0-F)/F0 is linearly related to the concentration of DA in the range of 0.03-60 μM with a detection limit of 0.03 μM. Additionally, this detection platform has potential applications for DA fast detection in the microsamples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lipeng Pan
- College of Materials, Xiamen University, 422 Siming South Road, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Mingye Zou
- College of Materials, Xiamen University, 422 Siming South Road, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Fangxing Ma
- College of Materials, Xiamen University, 422 Siming South Road, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Lingqing Kong
- College of Materials, Xiamen University, 422 Siming South Road, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Changnan Zhang
- College of Materials, Xiamen University, 422 Siming South Road, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Likun Yang
- College of Materials, Xiamen University, 422 Siming South Road, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Anna Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of NBC Protection for Civilian, Beijing, 102205, China.
| | - Feng Long
- School of Environment and Natural Resource, Renmin University of China, 100872, Beijing, China.
| | - Xiang-Yang Liu
- Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, 2 Science Drive 3, 117542, Singapore
| | - Naibo Lin
- College of Materials, Xiamen University, 422 Siming South Road, Xiamen, 361005, China.
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20
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Kumar M, Gurawa A, Kumar N, Kashyap S. Bismuth-Catalyzed Stereoselective 2-Deoxyglycosylation of Disarmed/Armed Glycal Donors. Org Lett 2022; 24:575-580. [PMID: 34995079 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c04008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Bi(OTf)3 promoted direct and highly stereoselective glycosylation of "disarmed" and "armed" glycals to synthesize 2-deoxyglycosides has been reported. The tunable and solvent-controlled chemoselective activation of deactivated glycal donors distinguishing the competitive Ferrier and 1,2-addition pathways was discovered to improve substrate scope. The practical versatility of the method has been amply demonstrated with the oligosaccharide syntheses and 2-deoxyglycosylation of high-value natural products and drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manoj Kumar
- Carbohydrate Chemistry Research Laboratory (CCRL), Department of Chemistry, MNIT, Jaipur 302017, India
| | - Aakanksha Gurawa
- Carbohydrate Chemistry Research Laboratory (CCRL), Department of Chemistry, MNIT, Jaipur 302017, India
| | - Nitin Kumar
- Carbohydrate Chemistry Research Laboratory (CCRL), Department of Chemistry, MNIT, Jaipur 302017, India
| | - Sudhir Kashyap
- Carbohydrate Chemistry Research Laboratory (CCRL), Department of Chemistry, MNIT, Jaipur 302017, India
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21
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Javed, Tiwari A, Azeem Z, Mandal PK. 4,5-Dioxo-imidazolinium Cation-Promoted α-Selective Dehydrative Glycosylation of 2-Deoxy- and 2,6-Dideoxy Sugars. J Org Chem 2022; 87:3718-3729. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c02650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Javed
- Medicinal and Process Chemistry Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, BS-10/1, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, P.O. Box 173, Lucknow, 226031, India
| | - Ashwani Tiwari
- Medicinal and Process Chemistry Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, BS-10/1, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, P.O. Box 173, Lucknow, 226031, India
| | - Zanjila Azeem
- Medicinal and Process Chemistry Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, BS-10/1, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, P.O. Box 173, Lucknow, 226031, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Pintu Kumar Mandal
- Medicinal and Process Chemistry Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, BS-10/1, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, P.O. Box 173, Lucknow, 226031, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
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22
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Yao W, Wang H, Zeng J, Wan Q. Practical synthesis of 2-deoxy sugars via metal free deiodination reactions. J Carbohydr Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/07328303.2021.2015365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wang Yao
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hao Wang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jing Zeng
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Qian Wan
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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23
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Marino C, Bordoni AV. Deoxy sugars. General methods for carbohydrate deoxygenation and glycosidation. Org Biomol Chem 2022; 20:934-962. [PMID: 35014646 DOI: 10.1039/d1ob02001c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Deoxy sugars represent an important class of carbohydrates, present in a large number of biomolecules involved in multiple biological processes. In various antibiotics, antimicrobials, and therapeutic agents the presence of deoxygenated units has been recognized as responsible for biological roles, such as adhesion or great affinity to receptors, or improved efficacy. The characterization of glycosidases and glycosyltranferases requires substrates, inhibitors and analogous compounds. Deoxygenated sugars are useful for carrying out specific studies for these enzymes. Deoxy sugars, analogs of natural substrates, may behave as substrates or inhibitors, or may not interact with the enzyme. They are also important for glycodiversification studies of bioactive natural products and glycobiological processes, which could contribute to discovering new therapeutic agents with greater efficacy by modification or replacement of sugar units. Deoxygenation of carbohydrates is, thus, of great interest and numerous efforts have been dedicated to the development of methods for the reduction of sugar hydroxyl groups. Given that carbohydrates are the most important renewable chemicals and are more oxidized than fossil raw materials, it is also important to have methods to selectively remove oxygen from certain atoms of these renewable raw materials. The different methods for removal of OH groups of carbohydrates and representative or recent applications of them are presented in this chapter. Glycosidic bonds in general, and 2-deoxy glycosidic linkages, are included. It is not the scope of this survey to cover all reports for each specific technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Marino
- CIHIDECAR, Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Pabellón II, Ciudad Universitaria, 1428 Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Andrea V Bordoni
- Gerencia Química & Instituto de Nanociencia y Nanotecnología - Centro Atómico Constituyentes, Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica, CONICET, Av. Gral. Paz 1499, B1650KNA San Martín, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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24
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Suh CE, Carder HM, Wendlandt AE. Selective Transformations of Carbohydrates Inspired by Radical-Based Enzymatic Mechanisms. ACS Chem Biol 2021; 16:1814-1828. [PMID: 33988380 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.1c00190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Enzymes are a longstanding source of inspiration for synthetic reaction development. However, enzymatic reactivity and selectivity are frequently untenable in a synthetic context, as the principles that govern control in an enzymatic setting often do not translate to small molecule catalysis. Recent synthetic methods have revealed the viability of using small molecule catalysts to promote highly selective radical-mediated transformations of minimally protected sugar substrates. These transformations share conceptual similarities with radical SAM enzymes found in microbial carbohydrate biosynthesis and present opportunities for synthetic chemists to access microbial and unnatural carbohydrate building blocks without the need for protecting groups or lengthy synthetic sequences. Here, we highlight strategies through which radical reaction pathways can enable the site-, regio-, and diastereoselective transformation of minimally protected carbohydrates in both synthetic and enzymatic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolyn E. Suh
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Hayden M. Carder
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Alison E. Wendlandt
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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25
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Zhao X, Wu B, Shu P, Meng L, Zeng J, Wan Q. Rhenium(V)-catalyzed synthesis of 1,1'-2-deoxy thioglycosides. Carbohydr Res 2021; 508:108415. [PMID: 34358864 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2021.108415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 07/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
As stable glycomimetics, thioglycosides are important tools for the investigation of biological processes and discovery of new drugs. In this note, we report a ReOCl3(SMe2)(OPPh3) catalyzed coupling reaction between β-glycosyl thiols (1-thio sugars) and glycals for the preparation of 1,1'-α,β-2-deoxy thioglycosides, which are glycomimetics of natural trehalose and 2-deoxy glycosides. Furthermore, an S-linked trisaccharide was successfully obtained by successive employment of the Re(V) catalyzed thioglycosylation protocol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Zhao
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China
| | - Bin Wu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China
| | - Penghua Shu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China
| | - Lingkui Meng
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China
| | - Jing Zeng
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China
| | - Qian Wan
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China; Institute of Brain Research, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China.
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26
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Meng S, Li X, Zhu J. Recent advances in direct synthesis of 2-deoxy glycosides and thioglycosides. Tetrahedron 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2021.132140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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27
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de Moliner F, Knox K, Gordon D, Lee M, Tipping WJ, Geddis A, Reinders A, Ward JM, Oparka K, Vendrell M. A Palette of Minimally Tagged Sucrose Analogues for Real-Time Raman Imaging of Intracellular Plant Metabolism. ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2021; 133:7715-7720. [PMID: 38505234 PMCID: PMC10946860 DOI: 10.1002/ange.202016802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Sucrose is the main saccharide used for long-distance transport in plants and plays an essential role in energy metabolism; however, there are no analogues for real-time imaging in live cells. We have optimised a synthetic approach to prepare sucrose analogues including very small (≈50 Da or less) Raman tags in the fructose moiety. Spectroscopic analysis identified the alkyne-tagged compound 6 as a sucrose analogue recognised by endogenous transporters in live cells and with higher Raman intensity than other sucrose derivatives. Herein, we demonstrate the application of compound 6 as the first optical probe to visualise real-time uptake and intracellular localisation of sucrose in live plant cells using Raman microscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kirsten Knox
- Institute of Molecular Plant SciencesThe University of EdinburghUK
| | - Doireann Gordon
- Centre for Inflammation ResearchThe University ofEdinburghUK
| | - Martin Lee
- Cancer Research (UK) Edinburgh CentreThe University of EdinburghUK
| | - William J. Tipping
- EaStCHEM School of ChemistryThe University of EdinburghUK
- Centre for Molecular NanometrologyUniversity of StrathclydeUK
| | - Ailsa Geddis
- Centre for Inflammation ResearchThe University ofEdinburghUK
- EaStCHEM School of ChemistryThe University of EdinburghUK
| | - Anke Reinders
- Department of Plant and Microbial BiologyUniversity of MinnesotaUSA
| | - John M. Ward
- Department of Plant and Microbial BiologyUniversity of MinnesotaUSA
| | - Karl Oparka
- Institute of Molecular Plant SciencesThe University of EdinburghUK
| | - Marc Vendrell
- Centre for Inflammation ResearchThe University ofEdinburghUK
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28
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de Moliner F, Knox K, Gordon D, Lee M, Tipping WJ, Geddis A, Reinders A, Ward JM, Oparka K, Vendrell M. A Palette of Minimally Tagged Sucrose Analogues for Real-Time Raman Imaging of Intracellular Plant Metabolism. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:7637-7642. [PMID: 33491852 PMCID: PMC8048481 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202016802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Sucrose is the main saccharide used for long-distance transport in plants and plays an essential role in energy metabolism; however, there are no analogues for real-time imaging in live cells. We have optimised a synthetic approach to prepare sucrose analogues including very small (≈50 Da or less) Raman tags in the fructose moiety. Spectroscopic analysis identified the alkyne-tagged compound 6 as a sucrose analogue recognised by endogenous transporters in live cells and with higher Raman intensity than other sucrose derivatives. Herein, we demonstrate the application of compound 6 as the first optical probe to visualise real-time uptake and intracellular localisation of sucrose in live plant cells using Raman microscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kirsten Knox
- Institute of Molecular Plant SciencesThe University of EdinburghUK
| | - Doireann Gordon
- Centre for Inflammation ResearchThe University ofEdinburghUK
| | - Martin Lee
- Cancer Research (UK) Edinburgh CentreThe University of EdinburghUK
| | - William J. Tipping
- EaStCHEM School of ChemistryThe University of EdinburghUK
- Centre for Molecular NanometrologyUniversity of StrathclydeUK
| | - Ailsa Geddis
- Centre for Inflammation ResearchThe University ofEdinburghUK
- EaStCHEM School of ChemistryThe University of EdinburghUK
| | - Anke Reinders
- Department of Plant and Microbial BiologyUniversity of MinnesotaUSA
| | - John M. Ward
- Department of Plant and Microbial BiologyUniversity of MinnesotaUSA
| | - Karl Oparka
- Institute of Molecular Plant SciencesThe University of EdinburghUK
| | - Marc Vendrell
- Centre for Inflammation ResearchThe University ofEdinburghUK
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29
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Pal KB, Guo A, Das M, Lee J, Báti G, Yip BRP, Loh TP, Liu XW. Iridium-promoted deoxyglycoside synthesis: stereoselectivity and mechanistic insight. Chem Sci 2020; 12:2209-2216. [PMID: 34163986 PMCID: PMC8179265 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc06529c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Herein, we devised a method for stereoselective O-glycosylation using an Ir(i)-catalyst which enables both hydroalkoxylation and nucleophilic substitution of glycals with varying substituents at the C3 position. In this transformation, 2-deoxy-α-O-glycosides were acquired when glycals equipped with a notoriously poor leaving group at C3 were used; in contrast 2,3-unsaturated-α-O-glycosides were produced from glycals that bear a good leaving group at C3. Mechanistic studies indicate that both reactions proceed via the directing mechanism, through which the acceptor coordinates to the Ir(i) metal in the α-face-coordinated Ir(i)-glycal π-complex and then attacks the glycal that contains the O-glycosidic bond in a syn-addition manner. This protocol exhibits good functional group tolerance and is exemplified with the preparation of a library of oligosaccharides in moderate to high yields and with excellent stereoselectivities. Ir(i)-catalyzed α-selective O-glycosylation of glycals provided an access to both 2-deoxyglycosides and 2,3-unsaturated glycosides with a broad substrate scope. The underlying rationale of α-selectivity has been illustrated by the DFT study.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Kumar Bhaskar Pal
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis, Northwestern Polytechnical University Xi'an 710072 China.,Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University 21 Nanyang Link Singapore 637371
| | - Aoxin Guo
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University 21 Nanyang Link Singapore 637371
| | - Mrinmoy Das
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University 21 Nanyang Link Singapore 637371
| | - Jiande Lee
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University 21 Nanyang Link Singapore 637371 .,Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University 1 Cleantech Loop Singapore 637141
| | - Gábor Báti
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University 21 Nanyang Link Singapore 637371
| | - Benjamin Rui Peng Yip
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University 21 Nanyang Link Singapore 637371
| | - Teck-Peng Loh
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis, Northwestern Polytechnical University Xi'an 710072 China.,Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University 21 Nanyang Link Singapore 637371 .,Yangtze River Delta Research Institute of Northwestern Polytechnical University Taicang Jiangsu 215400 China
| | - Xue-Wei Liu
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University 21 Nanyang Link Singapore 637371
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30
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Wang C, Liang H, Hang Z, Wang ZY, Xie Q, Xue W. Lewis acid/base pair as a catalytic system for α-stereoselective synthesis of 2-deoxyglycosides through the addition of alcohols to glycals. Tetrahedron Lett 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2020.152643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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31
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Jeanneret RA, Johnson SE, Galan MC. Conformationally Constrained Glycosyl Donors as Tools to Control Glycosylation Outcomes. J Org Chem 2020; 85:15801-15826. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c02045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Robin A. Jeanneret
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock’s
Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, United Kingdom
| | - Simon E. Johnson
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock’s
Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, United Kingdom
| | - M. Carmen Galan
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock’s
Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, United Kingdom
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32
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Li W, Yu B. Temporary ether protecting groups at the anomeric center in complex carbohydrate synthesis. Adv Carbohydr Chem Biochem 2020; 77:1-69. [PMID: 33004110 DOI: 10.1016/bs.accb.2019.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of a carbohydrate building block usually starts with introduction of a temporary protecting group at the anomeric center and ends with its selective cleavage for further transformation. Thus, the choice of the anomeric temporary protecting group must be carefully considered because it should retain intact during the whole synthetic manipulation, and it should be chemoselectively removable without affecting other functional groups at a late stage in the synthesis. Etherate groups are the most widely used temporary protecting groups at the anomeric center, generally including allyl ethers, MP (p-methoxyphenyl) ethers, benzyl ethers, PMB (p-methoxybenzyl) eithers, and silyl ethers. This chapter provides a comprehensive review on their formation, cleavage, and applications in the synthesis of complex carbohydrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Li
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Biao Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-organic and Natural Products Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.
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33
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A robust and tunable halogen bond organocatalyzed 2-deoxyglycosylation involving quantum tunneling. Nat Commun 2020; 11:4911. [PMID: 32999276 PMCID: PMC7527348 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-18595-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of noncovalent halogen bonding (XB) catalysis is rapidly gaining traction, as isolated reports documented better performance than the well-established hydrogen bonding thiourea catalysis. However, convincing cases allowing XB activation to be competitive in challenging bond formations are lacking. Herein, we report a robust XB catalyzed 2-deoxyglycosylation, featuring a biomimetic reaction network indicative of dynamic XB activation. Benchmarking studies uncovered an improved substrate tolerance compared to thiourea-catalyzed protocols. Kinetic investigations reveal an autoinductive sigmoidal kinetic profile, supporting an in situ amplification of a XB dependent active catalytic species. Kinetic isotopic effect measurements further support quantum tunneling in the rate determining step. Furthermore, we demonstrate XB catalysis tunability via a halogen swapping strategy, facilitating 2-deoxyribosylations of D-ribals. This protocol showcases the clear emergence of XB catalysis as a versatile activation mode in noncovalent organocatalysis, and as an important addition to the catalytic toolbox of chemical glycosylations. Halogen bonding (HB) catalysis is rapidly gaining momentum, however, cases of XB activation for challenging bonds formation are rare. Here, the authors show a robust XB catalyzed 2-deoxyglycosylation with broad scope and featuring a quantum tunneling phenomenon in the proton transfer rate determining step.
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34
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Liu M, Liu K, Xiong D, Zhang H, Li T, Li B, Qin X, Bai J, Ye X. Stereoselective Electro‐2‐deoxyglycosylation from Glycals. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202006115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Miao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Peking University Xue Yuan Road No. 38 Beijing 100191 China
| | - Kai‐Meng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Peking University Xue Yuan Road No. 38 Beijing 100191 China
| | - De‐Cai Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Peking University Xue Yuan Road No. 38 Beijing 100191 China
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Glycobiology Shandong University 27 Shanda Nanlu Jinan Shandong 250100 China
| | - Hanyu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Peking University Xue Yuan Road No. 38 Beijing 100191 China
| | - Tian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Peking University Xue Yuan Road No. 38 Beijing 100191 China
| | - Bohan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Peking University Xue Yuan Road No. 38 Beijing 100191 China
| | - Xianjin Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Peking University Xue Yuan Road No. 38 Beijing 100191 China
| | - Jinhe Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Peking University Xue Yuan Road No. 38 Beijing 100191 China
| | - Xin‐Shan Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Peking University Xue Yuan Road No. 38 Beijing 100191 China
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35
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He H, Cao R, Cao R, Liu XY, Li W, Yu D, Li Y, Liu M, Wu Y, Wu P, Yang JS, Yan Y, Yang J, Zheng ZB, Zhong W, Qin Y. A light- and heat-driven glycal diazidation approach to nitrogenous carbohydrate derivatives with antiviral activity. Org Biomol Chem 2020; 18:6155-6161. [PMID: 32716466 DOI: 10.1039/d0ob01172j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The aminated mimetics of 2-keto-3-deoxy-sugar acids such as the anti-influenza clinical drugs oseltamivir (Tamiflu) and zanamivir (Relenza) are important bioactive molecules. Development of synthetic methodologies for accessing such compound collections is highly desirable. Herein, we describe a simple, catalyst-free glycal diazidation protocol enabled by visible light-driven conditions. This new method requires neither acid promoters nor transition-metal catalysts and takes place at ambient temperature within 1-2 hours. Notably, the desired transformations could be promoted by thermal conditions as well, albeit with lower efficacy compared to the light-induced conditions. Different sugar acid-derived glycal templates have been converted into a range of 2,3-diazido carbohydrate analogs by harnessing this mild and scalable approach, leading to the discovery of new antiviral agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan He
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
| | - Ruiyuan Cao
- National Engineering Research Center for the Emergence Drugs, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing 100850, China.
| | - Ruidi Cao
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
| | - Xiao-Yu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
| | - Wei Li
- National Engineering Research Center for the Emergence Drugs, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing 100850, China.
| | - Di Yu
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
| | - Yuexiang Li
- National Engineering Research Center for the Emergence Drugs, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing 100850, China.
| | - Miaomiao Liu
- National Engineering Research Center for the Emergence Drugs, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing 100850, China.
| | - Yanmei Wu
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
| | - Pingzhou Wu
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
| | - Jin-Song Yang
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
| | - Yunzheng Yan
- National Engineering Research Center for the Emergence Drugs, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing 100850, China.
| | - Jingjing Yang
- National Engineering Research Center for the Emergence Drugs, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing 100850, China.
| | - Zhi-Bing Zheng
- National Engineering Research Center for the Emergence Drugs, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing 100850, China.
| | - Wu Zhong
- National Engineering Research Center for the Emergence Drugs, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing 100850, China.
| | - Yong Qin
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
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36
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Parvin N, Mishra B, George A, Neralkar M, Hossain J, Parameswaran P, Hotha S, Khan S. N-Heterocyclic silylene/germylene ligands in Au(i) catalysis. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:7625-7628. [PMID: 32515769 DOI: 10.1039/d0cc03156a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Cationic Au(i) complexes (2, 5 and 8) supported by N-heterocyclic carbene, silylene and germylene ligands were prepared and their potential as catalysts in glycosidation chemistry has been evaluated. Insights into the mechanism are provided using DFT studies. Practical application of them as catalysts was achieved by the synthesis of the branched pentamannan core of the HIV-gp120 envelope under mild conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasrina Parvin
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Pune, Dr Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan, Pune-411008, India.
| | - Bijoyananda Mishra
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Pune, Dr Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan, Pune-411008, India.
| | - Anjana George
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology Calicut, NIT Campus P. O., Calicut-673601, India.
| | - Mahesh Neralkar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Pune, Dr Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan, Pune-411008, India.
| | - Jabed Hossain
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Pune, Dr Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan, Pune-411008, India.
| | - Pattiyil Parameswaran
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology Calicut, NIT Campus P. O., Calicut-673601, India.
| | - Srinivas Hotha
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Pune, Dr Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan, Pune-411008, India.
| | - Shabana Khan
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Pune, Dr Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan, Pune-411008, India.
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37
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Kumar M, Reddy TR, Gurawa A, Kashyap S. Copper(ii)-catalyzed stereoselective 1,2-addition vs. Ferrier glycosylation of "armed" and "disarmed" glycal donors. Org Biomol Chem 2020; 18:4848-4862. [PMID: 32608448 DOI: 10.1039/d0ob01042a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Selective activation of "armed' and ''disarmed" glycal donors enabling the stereo-controlled glycosylations by employing Cu(ii)-catalyst as the promoter has been realized. The distinctive stereochemical outcome in the process is mainly influenced by the presence of diverse protecting groups on the donor and the solvent system employed. The protocol is compatible with a variety of aglycones including carbohydrates, amino acids, and natural products to access deoxy-glycosides and glycoconjugates with high α-anomeric selectivity. Notably, the synthetic practicality of the method is amply verified for the stereoselective assembling of trisaccharides comprising 2-deoxy components. Mechanistic studies involving deuterated experiments validate the syn-diastereoselective 1,2-addition of acceptors on the double bond of armed donors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manoj Kumar
- Carbohydrate Chemistry Research Laboratory (CCRL), Department of Chemistry, Malaviya National Institute of Technology (MNIT), Jaipur-302017, India.
| | - Thurpu Raghavender Reddy
- Carbohydrate Chemistry Research Laboratory (CCRL), Department of Chemistry, Malaviya National Institute of Technology (MNIT), Jaipur-302017, India.
| | - Aakanksha Gurawa
- Carbohydrate Chemistry Research Laboratory (CCRL), Department of Chemistry, Malaviya National Institute of Technology (MNIT), Jaipur-302017, India.
| | - Sudhir Kashyap
- Carbohydrate Chemistry Research Laboratory (CCRL), Department of Chemistry, Malaviya National Institute of Technology (MNIT), Jaipur-302017, India.
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38
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Liu M, Liu KM, Xiong DC, Zhang H, Li T, Li B, Qin X, Bai J, Ye XS. Stereoselective Electro-2-deoxyglycosylation from Glycals. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:15204-15208. [PMID: 32394599 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202006115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
We report a novel and highly stereoselective electro-2-deoxyglycosylation from glycals. This method features excellent stereoselectivity, scope, and functional-group tolerance. This process can also be applied to the modification of a wide range of natural products and drugs. Furthermore, a scalable synthesis of glycosylated podophyllotoxin and a one-pot trisaccharide synthesis through iterative electroglycosylations were achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Xue Yuan Road No. 38, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Kai-Meng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Xue Yuan Road No. 38, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - De-Cai Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Xue Yuan Road No. 38, Beijing, 100191, China.,Shandong Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Glycobiology, Shandong University, 27 Shanda Nanlu, Jinan, Shandong, 250100, China
| | - Hanyu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Xue Yuan Road No. 38, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Tian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Xue Yuan Road No. 38, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Bohan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Xue Yuan Road No. 38, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Xianjin Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Xue Yuan Road No. 38, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Jinhe Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Xue Yuan Road No. 38, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Xin-Shan Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Xue Yuan Road No. 38, Beijing, 100191, China
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39
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Pal KB, Guo A, Das M, Báti G, Liu XW. Superbase-Catalyzed Stereo- and Regioselective Glycosylation with 2-Nitroglycals: Facile Access to 2-Amino-2-deoxy-O-glycosides. ACS Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.0c00753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kumar Bhaskar Pal
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore 637371
| | - Aoxin Guo
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore 637371
| | - Mrinmoy Das
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore 637371
| | - Gábor Báti
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore 637371
| | - Xue-Wei Liu
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore 637371
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40
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Zhang Y, Zhang J, Ponomareva LV, Cui Z, Van Lanen SG, Thorson JS. Sugar-Pirating as an Enabling Platform for the Synthesis of 4,6-Dideoxyhexoses. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:9389-9395. [PMID: 32330028 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b13766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
An efficient divergent synthetic strategy that leverages the natural product spectinomycin to access uniquely functionalized monosaccharides is described. Stereoselective 2'- and 3'-reduction of key spectinomycin-derived intermediates enabled facile access to all eight possible 2,3-stereoisomers of 4,6-dideoxyhexoses as well as representative 3,4,6-trideoxysugars and 3,4,6-trideoxy-3-aminohexoses. In addition, the method was applied to the synthesis of two functionalized sugars commonly associated with macrolide antibiotics-the 3-O-alkyl-4,6-dideoxysugar d-chalcose and the 3-N-alkyl-3,4,6-trideoxysugar d-desosamine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinan Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Functional Substance of Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China.,Center for Pharmaceutical Research and Innovation, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536, United States
| | - Jianjun Zhang
- Center for Pharmaceutical Research and Innovation, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536, United States
| | - Larissa V Ponomareva
- Center for Pharmaceutical Research and Innovation, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536, United States
| | - Zheng Cui
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536, United States
| | - Steven G Van Lanen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536, United States
| | - Jon S Thorson
- Center for Pharmaceutical Research and Innovation, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536, United States.,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536, United States
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41
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Yalamanchili S, Nguyen TAV, Pohl NLB, Bennett CS. Modular continuous flow synthesis of orthogonally protected 6-deoxy glucose glycals. Org Biomol Chem 2020; 18:3254-3257. [PMID: 32293636 PMCID: PMC7289173 DOI: 10.1039/d0ob00522c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
An efficient, modular continuous flow process towards accessing two orthogonally protected glycals is described with the development of reaction conditions for several common protecting group additions in flow, including the addition of benzyl, naphthylmethyl and tert-butyldimethylsilyl ethers. The process affords the desired target compounds in 57-74% overall yield in just 21-37 minutes of flow time. Furthermore, unlike batch conditions, the flow processes avoided the need for active cooling to prevent unwanted exotherms and required shorter reaction times.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tu-Anh V Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry, Tufts University, 62 Talbot Ave, Medford, MA 02145, USA.
| | - Nicola L B Pohl
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 212 S. Hawthorne Dr, Bloomington, IN, 47405, USA.
| | - Clay S Bennett
- Department of Chemistry, Tufts University, 62 Talbot Ave, Medford, MA 02145, USA.
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42
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Romeo JR, McDermott L, Bennett CS. Reagent-Controlled α-Selective Dehydrative Glycosylation of 2,6-Dideoxy Sugars: Construction of the Arugomycin Tetrasaccharide. Org Lett 2020; 22:3649-3654. [PMID: 32281384 PMCID: PMC7239334 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c01153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The first synthesis of the tetrasaccharide fragment of the anthracycline natural product Arugomycin is described. A reagent controlled dehydrative glycosylation method involving cyclopropenium activation was utilized to synthesize the α-linkages with complete anomeric selectivity. The synthesis was completed in 20 total steps, and in 2.5% overall yield with a longest linear sequence of 15 steps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph R Romeo
- Department of Chemistry, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, United States
| | - Luca McDermott
- Department of Chemistry, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, United States
| | - Clay S Bennett
- Department of Chemistry, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, United States
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43
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Abstract
The substitution reaction of glycal (1,2-unsaturated cyclic carbohydrate derivative)
at C1 by allyl rearrangement in the presence of a catalyst is called Ferrier type-I rearrangement.
2,3-Unsaturated glycosides are usually obtained from glycals through Ferrier
type-I rearrangement, and their potential biological activities have gradually attracted
widespread attention of researchers. This review summarizes recent advances (2009-
present) in the application of various types of catalysts to Ferrier type-I rearrangement reactions,
including their synthesis, mechanism, and application of 2, 3-unsaturated glycosides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Jiang
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Zhengliang Wu
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Youxian Dong
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Xiaoxia Xu
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Xiaxia Liu
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Jianbo Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
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44
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Herrera-González I, Sánchez-Fernández EM, Sau A, Nativi C, García Fernández JM, Galán MC, Ortiz Mellet C. Stereoselective Synthesis of Iminosugar 2-Deoxy(thio)glycosides from Bicyclic Iminoglycal Carbamates Promoted by Cerium(IV) Ammonium Nitrate and Cooperative Brønsted Acid-Type Organocatalysis. J Org Chem 2020; 85:5038-5047. [PMID: 32159355 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c00324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The first examples of iminosugar-type 2-deoxy(thio)glycoside mimetics are reported. The key step is the activation of a bicyclic iminoglycal carbamate to generate a highly reactive acyliminium cation. Cerium(IV) ammonium nitrate efficiently promoted the formation of 2-deoxy S-glycosides in the presence of thiols, probably by in situ generation of catalytic HNO3, with complete α-stereoselectivity. Cooperative phosphoric acid/Schreiner's thiourea organocatalysis proved better suited for generating 2-deoxy O-glycosides, significantly broadening the scope of the approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Herrera-González
- Deptartment of Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Sevilla, C/ Profesor García González 1, E-41012 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Elena M Sánchez-Fernández
- Deptartment of Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Sevilla, C/ Profesor García González 1, E-41012 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Abhijit Sau
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, U.K
| | - Cristina Nativi
- Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff", University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia, 13, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
| | - José M García Fernández
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas (IIQ), CSIC-Universidad de Sevilla, Avda. Américo Vespucio 49, E-41092 Sevilla, Spain
| | - M Carmen Galán
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, U.K
| | - Carmen Ortiz Mellet
- Deptartment of Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Sevilla, C/ Profesor García González 1, E-41012 Sevilla, Spain
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Palo-Nieto C, Sau A, Jeanneret R, Payard PA, Salamé A, Martins-Teixeira MB, Carvalho I, Grimaud L, Galan MC. Copper Reactivity Can Be Tuned to Catalyze the Stereoselective Synthesis of 2-Deoxyglycosides from Glycals. Org Lett 2020; 22:1991-1996. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b04525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Palo-Nieto
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock’s Close, Bristol BS8 3TS, United Kingdom
| | - Abhijit Sau
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock’s Close, Bristol BS8 3TS, United Kingdom
| | - Robin Jeanneret
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock’s Close, Bristol BS8 3TS, United Kingdom
| | - Pierre-Adrien Payard
- Laboratoire des biomolécules (LBM), Sorbonne Université − Ecole Normale Supérieure − CNRS, 24 rue Lhomond, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Aude Salamé
- Laboratoire des biomolécules (LBM), Sorbonne Université − Ecole Normale Supérieure − CNRS, 24 rue Lhomond, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Maristela Braga Martins-Teixeira
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Av do Café s/n, Monte Alegre CEP 14040-903, Brazil
| | - Ivone Carvalho
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Av do Café s/n, Monte Alegre CEP 14040-903, Brazil
| | - Laurence Grimaud
- Laboratoire des biomolécules (LBM), Sorbonne Université − Ecole Normale Supérieure − CNRS, 24 rue Lhomond, 75005 Paris, France
| | - M. Carmen Galan
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock’s Close, Bristol BS8 3TS, United Kingdom
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Jiang N, Dong Y, Sun G, Yang G, Wang Q, Zhang J. Core‐Shell Fe
3
O
4
@Carbon@SO
3
H: A Powerful Recyclable Catalyst for the Synthesis of α‐2‐Deoxygalactosides. ChemistrySelect 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202000089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nan Jiang
- School of Chemistry and Molecular EngineeringEast China Normal University Shanghai 200241 P. R. of China
| | - Youxian Dong
- School of Chemistry and Molecular EngineeringEast China Normal University Shanghai 200241 P. R. of China
| | - Guosheng Sun
- School of Chemistry and Molecular EngineeringEast China Normal University Shanghai 200241 P. R. of China
| | - Guofang Yang
- School of Chemistry and Molecular EngineeringEast China Normal University Shanghai 200241 P. R. of China
| | - Qingbing Wang
- School of Chemistry and Molecular EngineeringEast China Normal University Shanghai 200241 P. R. of China
| | - Jianbo Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Molecular EngineeringEast China Normal University Shanghai 200241 P. R. of China
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47
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Tatina MB, Moussa Z, Xia M, Judeh ZMA. Perfluorophenylboronic acid-catalyzed direct α-stereoselective synthesis of 2-deoxygalactosides from deactivated peracetylated d-galactal. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:12204-12207. [PMID: 31549691 DOI: 10.1039/c9cc06151g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Perfluorophenylboronic acid 1c catalyzes the direct stereoselective addition of alcohol nucleophiles to deactivated peracetylated d-galactal to give 2-deoxygalactosides in 55-88% yield with complete α-selectivity. The unprecedented results reported here also enable the synthesis of disaccharides containing the 2-deoxygalactose moiety directly from the deactivated peracetylated d-galactal. This convenient and metal-free glycosylation method works well with a wide range of alcohol nucleophiles as acceptors and tolerates a range of functional groups without the formation of the Ferrier byproduct and without the need for a large excess of nucleophiles or additives. The method is potentially useful for the synthesis of a variety of α-2-deoxygalactosides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhu Babu Tatina
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 637459, Singapore.
| | - Ziad Moussa
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, 15551, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mengxin Xia
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 637459, Singapore.
| | - Zaher M A Judeh
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 637459, Singapore.
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Zhuo MH, Wilbur DJ, Kwan EE, Bennett CS. Matching Glycosyl Donor Reactivity to Sulfonate Leaving Group Ability Permits S N2 Glycosylations. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:16743-16754. [PMID: 31550879 PMCID: PMC6814073 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b07022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Here we demonstrate that highly β-selective glycosylation reactions can be achieved when the electronics of a sulfonyl chloride activator and the reactivity of a glycosyl donor hemiacetal are matched. While these reactions are compatible with the acid- and base-sensitive protecting groups that are commonly used in oligosaccharide synthesis, these protecting groups are not relied upon to control selectivity. Instead, β-selectivity arises from the stereoinversion of an α-glycosyl arylsulfonate in an SN2-like mechanism. Our mechanistic proposal is supported by NMR studies, kinetic isotope effect (KIE) measurements, and DFT calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Hua Zhuo
- Department of Chemistry , Tufts University , 62 Talbot Avenue , Medford , Massachusetts 02155 , United States
| | - David J Wilbur
- Department of Chemistry , Tufts University , 62 Talbot Avenue , Medford , Massachusetts 02155 , United States
| | - Eugene E Kwan
- Merck & Co. Inc. , 33 Avenue Louis Pasteur , Boston , Massachusetts 02115 , United States
| | - Clay S Bennett
- Department of Chemistry , Tufts University , 62 Talbot Avenue , Medford , Massachusetts 02155 , United States
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49
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Direct Addition of Amides to Glycals Enabled by Solvation‐Insusceptible 2‐Haloazolium Salt Catalysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201907129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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50
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Nakatsuji Y, Kobayashi Y, Takemoto Y. Direct Addition of Amides to Glycals Enabled by Solvation-Insusceptible 2-Haloazolium Salt Catalysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:14115-14119. [PMID: 31392793 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201907129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Revised: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The direct 2-deoxyglycosylation of nucleophiles with glycals leads to biologically and pharmacologically important 2-deoxysugar compounds. Although the direct addition of hydroxyl and sulfonamide groups have been well developed, the direct 2-deoxyglycosylation of amide groups has not been reported to date. Herein, we show the first direct 2-deoxyglycosylation of amide groups using a newly designed Brønsted acid catalyst under mild conditions. Through mechanistic investigations, we discovered that the amide group can inhibit acid catalysts, and the inhibition has made the 2-deoxyglycosylation reaction difficult. Diffusion-ordered two-dimensional NMR spectroscopy analysis implied that the 2-chloroazolium salt catalyst was less likely to form aggregates with amides in comparison to other acid catalysts. The chlorine atom and the extended π-scaffold of the catalyst played a crucial role for this phenomenon. This relative insusceptibility to inhibition by amides is more responsible for the catalytic activity than the strength of the acidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuya Nakatsuji
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, 46-29 Shimoadachi-cho, Yoshida, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Yusuke Kobayashi
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, 46-29 Shimoadachi-cho, Yoshida, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Yoshiji Takemoto
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, 46-29 Shimoadachi-cho, Yoshida, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
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