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Gao ZX, Wang H, Su AH, Li QY, Liang Z, Zhang YQ, Liu XY, Zhu MZ, Zhang HX, Hou YT, Li X, Sun LR, Li J, Xu ZJ, Lou HX. Asymmetric Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Platensilin, Platensimycin, Platencin, and Their Analogs via a Bioinspired Skeletal Reconstruction Approach. J Am Chem Soc 2024. [PMID: 38973592 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c02256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/09/2024]
Abstract
Platensilin, platensimycin, and platencin are potent inhibitors of β-ketoacyl-acyl carrier protein synthase (FabF) in the bacterial and mammalian fatty acid synthesis system, presenting promising drug leads for both antibacterial and antidiabetic therapies. Herein, a bioinspired skeleton reconstruction approach is reported, which enables the unified synthesis of these three natural FabF inhibitors and their skeletally diverse analogs, all stemming from a common ent-pimarane core. The synthesis features a diastereoselective biocatalytic reduction and an intermolecular Diels-Alder reaction to prepare the common ent-pimarane core. From this intermediate, stereoselective Mn-catalyzed hydrogen atom-transfer hydrogenation and subsequent Cu-catalyzed carbenoid C-H insertion afford platensilin. Furthermore, the intramolecular Diels-Alder reaction succeeded by regioselective ring opening of the newly formed cyclopropane enables the construction of the bicyclo[3.2.1]-octane and bicyclo[2.2.2]-octane ring systems of platensimycin and platencin, respectively. This skeletal reconstruction approach of the ent-pimarane core facilitates the preparation of analogs bearing different polycyclic scaffolds. Among these analogs, the previously unexplored cyclopropyl analog 47 exhibits improved antibacterial activity (MIC80 = 0.0625 μg/mL) against S. aureus compared to platensimycin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zong-Xu Gao
- Department of Natural Products Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, No. 44, Wenhuaxi Rd, Jinan 250012, P. R. China
| | - Hongliang Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Institute of Materia Medica, State Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery System, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, No. 6699, Qingdao Rd, Jinan 250117, P. R. China
| | - Ai-Hong Su
- Department of Natural Products Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, No. 44, Wenhuaxi Rd, Jinan 250012, P. R. China
| | - Qian-Ying Li
- Department of Natural Products Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, No. 44, Wenhuaxi Rd, Jinan 250012, P. R. China
| | - Zhen Liang
- Department of Natural Products Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, No. 44, Wenhuaxi Rd, Jinan 250012, P. R. China
| | - Yue-Qing Zhang
- Department of Natural Products Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, No. 44, Wenhuaxi Rd, Jinan 250012, P. R. China
| | - Xu-Yuan Liu
- Department of Natural Products Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, No. 44, Wenhuaxi Rd, Jinan 250012, P. R. China
| | - Ming-Zhu Zhu
- Department of Natural Products Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, No. 44, Wenhuaxi Rd, Jinan 250012, P. R. China
| | - Hai-Xia Zhang
- Department of Natural Products Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, No. 44, Wenhuaxi Rd, Jinan 250012, P. R. China
| | - Yue-Tong Hou
- Department of Natural Products Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, No. 44, Wenhuaxi Rd, Jinan 250012, P. R. China
| | - Xin Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Institute of Materia Medica, State Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery System, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, No. 6699, Qingdao Rd, Jinan 250117, P. R. China
| | - Long-Ru Sun
- Department of Natural Products Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, No. 44, Wenhuaxi Rd, Jinan 250012, P. R. China
| | - Jian Li
- Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Zhangjiang Institute for Advanced Study, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 429, Zhangheng Rd, Shanghai 200213, P. R. China
| | - Ze-Jun Xu
- Department of Natural Products Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, No. 44, Wenhuaxi Rd, Jinan 250012, P. R. China
| | - Hong-Xiang Lou
- Department of Natural Products Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, No. 44, Wenhuaxi Rd, Jinan 250012, P. R. China
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2
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Jiang C, Hu L, Shen S, Zhang J, Wang X, Ma D, Lu G, Xu T. Type I [4σ+4π] versus [4σ+4π-1] Cycloaddition To Access Medium-Sized Carbocycles and Discovery of a Liver X Receptor β-Selective Ligand. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202405838. [PMID: 38647574 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202405838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Transition-metal-catalyzed [4+4] cycloaddition leading to cyclooctanoids has centered on dimerization between 1,3-diene-type substrates. Herein, we describe a [4σ+4π-1] and [4σ+4π] cycloaddition strategy to access 7/8-membered fused carbocycles through rhodium-catalyzed coupling between the 4σ-donor (benzocyclobutenones) and pendant diene (4π) motifs. The two pathways can be controlled by adjusting the solvated CO concentration. A broad range (>40 examples) of 5-6-7 and 5-6-8 polyfused carbocycles was obtained in good yields (up to 90 %). DFT calculations, kinetic monitoring and 13C-labeling experiments were carried out, suggesting a plausible mechanism. Notably, one 5-6-7 tricycle was found to be a very rare, potent, and selective ligand for the liver X receptor β (KD=0.64 μM), which is a potential therapeutic target for cholesterol-metabolism-related fatal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Jiang
- Molecular Synthesis Center & Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education; School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Marine Natural Products, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan road, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Lingfei Hu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Shandong University, 27 Shandanan road, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Shuna Shen
- Molecular Synthesis Center & Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education; School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Marine Natural Products, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan road, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Jianyu Zhang
- Molecular Synthesis Center & Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education; School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Marine Natural Products, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan road, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Xi Wang
- Molecular Synthesis Center & Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education; School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Marine Natural Products, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan road, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Dongxu Ma
- Molecular Synthesis Center & Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education; School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Marine Natural Products, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan road, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Gang Lu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Shandong University, 27 Shandanan road, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Tao Xu
- Molecular Synthesis Center & Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education; School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Marine Natural Products, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan road, Qingdao, 266003, China
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3
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Li K, Lin C, Hu YH, Wang J, Jin Z, Zeng ZL, Tang YZ. Design, Synthesis, Biological Evaluation, and Molecular Docking Studies of Pleuromutilin Derivatives Containing Thiazole. ACS Infect Dis 2024; 10:1980-1989. [PMID: 38703116 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.3c00718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2024]
Abstract
In this study, we designed and synthesized a series of pleuromutilin derivatives containing thiazole. The in vitro antimicrobial efficacy of these synthesized compounds was examined by using four strains. Compared with tiamulin (MIC = 0.25 μg/mL), compound 14 exhibited potency in inhibiting MRSA growth (MIC = 0.0625 μg/mL) in these derivatives. Meanwhile, the time-killing kinetics further demonstrated that compound 14 could efficiently inhibit the MRSA growth. After exposure at 4 × MIC, the postantibiotic effect (PAE) of compound 14 was 1.29 h. Additionally, in thigh-infected mice, compound 14 exhibited a more potent antibacterial efficacy (-1.78 ± 0.28 log10 CFU/g) in reducing MRSA load compared to tiamulin (-1.21 ± 0.23 log10 CFU/g). Moreover, the MTT assay on RAW 264.7 cells demonstrated that compound 14 (8 μg/mL) had no significant cytotoxicity. Docking studies indicated the strong affinity of compound 14 toward the 50S ribosomal subunit, with a binding free energy of -9.63 kcal/mol. Taken together, it could be deduced that compound 14 was a promising candidate for treating MRSA infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Chao Lin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Yu-Han Hu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Zhen Jin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Zhen-Ling Zeng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - You-Zhi Tang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
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4
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Wang W, Feng S, Wei Y, Wang H, Li Y. Diastereoselective Ring Expansion of Cyclic Ketones Enabled by HAT-Initiated Radical Cascade. Org Lett 2023; 25:8022-8026. [PMID: 37889896 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c03236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
Herein we disclose an iron-catalyzed method for stereoselective synthesis of multisubstituted cyclic ketones containing a synthetically challenging quaternary carbon from readily accessible β-vinyl keto esters in good yields. This cascade reaction is initiated by a hydrogen atom transfer (HAT) process, after which a Dowd-Beckwith-type ring-expansion reaction occurs. This strategic transformation offers access to synthetically valuable cyclic ketones bearing two contiguous stereocenters, including quaternary stereocenters, which hold paramount significance within the realm of synthetic chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxue Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Shouyang Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Yansheng Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Hongyu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Yun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
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5
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Stojković D, Petrović J, Carević T, Soković M, Liaras K. Synthetic and Semisynthetic Compounds as Antibacterials Targeting Virulence Traits in Resistant Strains: A Narrative Updated Review. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:963. [PMID: 37370282 PMCID: PMC10295040 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12060963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
This narrative review paper provides an up-to-date overview of the potential of novel synthetic and semisynthetic compounds as antibacterials that target virulence traits in resistant strains. The review focused on research conducted in the last five years and investigated a range of compounds including azoles, indoles, thiophenes, glycopeptides, pleuromutilin derivatives, lactone derivatives, and chalcones. The emergence and spread of antibiotic-resistant bacterial strains is a growing public health concern, and new approaches are urgently needed to combat this threat. One promising approach is to target virulence factors, which are essential for bacterial survival and pathogenesis, but not for bacterial growth. By targeting virulence factors, it may be possible to reduce the severity of bacterial infections without promoting the development of resistance. We discuss the mechanisms of action of the various compounds investigated and their potential as antibacterials. The review highlights the potential of targeting virulence factors as a promising strategy to combat antibiotic resistance and suggests that further research is needed to identify new compounds and optimize their efficacy. The findings of this review suggest that novel synthetic and semisynthetic compounds that target virulence factors have great potential as antibacterials in the fight against antibiotic resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dejan Stojković
- Department of Plant Physiology, Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković”—National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Bulevar Despota Stefana 142, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (D.S.); (J.P.); (T.C.); (M.S.)
| | - Jovana Petrović
- Department of Plant Physiology, Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković”—National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Bulevar Despota Stefana 142, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (D.S.); (J.P.); (T.C.); (M.S.)
| | - Tamara Carević
- Department of Plant Physiology, Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković”—National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Bulevar Despota Stefana 142, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (D.S.); (J.P.); (T.C.); (M.S.)
| | - Marina Soković
- Department of Plant Physiology, Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković”—National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Bulevar Despota Stefana 142, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (D.S.); (J.P.); (T.C.); (M.S.)
| | - Konstantinos Liaras
- Department of Life and Health Sciences, School of Sciences and Engineering, University of Nicosia, 2417 Nicosia, Cyprus
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6
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Wang Q, Eriksson L, Szabó KJ. Catalytic Homologation‐Allylboration Sequence for Diastereo‐ and Enantioselective Synthesis of Densely Functionalized β‐Fluorohydrins with Tertiary Fluoride Stereocenters. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202301481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
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7
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Corti V, Barløse CL, Østergaard NL, Kristensen A, Jessen NI, Jørgensen KA. Organocatalytic Enantioselective Thermal [4 + 4] Cycloadditions. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:1448-1459. [PMID: 36603159 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c12750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Chiral eight-membered carbocycles are important motifs in organic chemistry, natural product chemistry, chemical biology, and medicinal chemistry. The lack of synthetic methods toward their construction is a challenge preventing their rational design and stereoselective synthesis. The catalytic enantioselective [4 + 4] cycloaddition is one of the most straightforward and atom-economical methods to obtain chiral cyclooctadiene derivatives. We report the first organocatalytic asymmetric [4 + 4] cycloaddition of 9H-fluorene-1-carbaldehydes with electron-deficient dienes affording cyclooctadiene derivatives in good yields and with excellent control of peri-, diastereo-, and enantioselectivities. The reaction concept is based on the aminocatalytic formation of a polarized butadiene component incorporated into a cyclic extended π-system, with restricted conformational freedom, allowing for a stereocontrolled [4 + 4] cycloaddition. FMO analysis unveiled that the HOMO and LUMO of the two reacting partners resemble those of butadiene. The methodology allows for the construction of cyclooctadiene derivatives decorated with various functionalities. The cyclooctadienes were synthetically elaborated, allowing for structural diversity demonstrating their synthetic utility for the formation of, for example, chiral cyclobutene- or cyclooctane scaffolds. DFT computational studies shed light on the reaction mechanism identifying the preference for an initial but reversible [4 + 2] cycloaddition delivering an off-cycle catalyst resting state, from which catalyst elimination is not possible. The off-cycle catalyst-bound intermediate undergoes a retro-[4 + 2] cycloaddition, followed by a [4 + 4] cycloaddition generating a cycloadduct from which catalyst elimination is possible. The reaction pathway accounts for the observed peri-, diastereo-, and enantioselectivity of the organocatalytic [4 + 4] cycloaddition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasco Corti
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Aarhus C DK-8000, Denmark
| | | | | | - Anne Kristensen
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Aarhus C DK-8000, Denmark
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8
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Suzuki A, Kamei Y, Yamashita M, Seino Y, Yamaguchi Y, Yoshino T, Kojima M, Matsunaga S. Photocatalytic Deuterium Atom Transfer Deuteration of Electron-Deficient Alkenes with High Functional Group Tolerance. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202214433. [PMID: 36394187 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202214433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Due to its mild reaction conditions and unique chemoselectivity, hydrogen atom transfer (HAT) hydrogenation represents an indispensable method for the synthesis of complex molecules. Its analog using deuterium, deuterium atom transfer (DAT) deuteration, is expected to enable access to complex deuterium-labeled compounds. However, DAT deuteration has been scarcely studied for synthetic purposes, and a method that possesses the favorable characteristics of HAT hydrogenations has remained elusive. Herein, we report a protocol for the photocatalytic DAT deuteration of electron-deficient alkenes. In contrast to the previous DAT deuteration, this method tolerates a variety of synthetically useful functional groups including haloarenes. The late-stage deuteration also allows access to deuterated amino acids as well as donepezil-d2 . Thus, this work demonstrates the potential of DAT chemistry to become the alternative method of choice for preparing deuterium-containing molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akihiko Suzuki
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-0812, Japan
| | - Yuji Kamei
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-0812, Japan
| | - Masaaki Yamashita
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-0812, Japan
| | - Yusuke Seino
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-0812, Japan
| | - Yuto Yamaguchi
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-0812, Japan
| | - Tatsuhiko Yoshino
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-0812, Japan.,Global Station for Biosurfaces and Drug Discovery, Hokkaido University, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-0812, Japan
| | - Masahiro Kojima
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-0812, Japan
| | - Shigeki Matsunaga
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-0812, Japan.,Global Station for Biosurfaces and Drug Discovery, Hokkaido University, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-0812, Japan
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9
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Alleman C, Gadais C, Legentil L, Porée FH. Strategies to access the [5-8] bicyclic core encountered in the sesquiterpene, diterpene and sesterterpene series. Beilstein J Org Chem 2023; 19:245-281. [PMID: 36895430 PMCID: PMC9989678 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.19.23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Terpene compounds probably represent the most diversified class of secondary metabolites. Some classes of terpenes, mainly diterpenes (C20) and sesterterpenes (C25) and to a lesser extent sesquiterpenes (C15), share a common bicyclo[3.6.0]undecane core which is characterized by the presence of a cyclooctane ring fused to a cyclopentane ring, i.e., a [5-8] bicyclic ring system. This review focuses on the different strategies elaborated to construct this [5-8] bicyclic ring system and their application in the total synthesis of terpenes over the last two decades. The overall approaches involve the construction of the 8-membered ring from an appropriate cyclopentane precursor. The proposed strategies include metathesis, Nozaki-Hiyama-Kishi (NHK) cyclization, Pd-mediated cyclization, radical cyclization, Pauson-Khand reaction, Lewis acid-promoted cyclization, rearrangement, cycloaddition and biocatalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cécile Alleman
- Université Rennes, Faculté de Pharmacie, CNRS ISCR UMR 6226, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - Charlène Gadais
- Université Rennes, Faculté de Pharmacie, CNRS ISCR UMR 6226, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - Laurent Legentil
- Université Rennes, Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes, CNRS, ISCR - UMR 6226, F-35000 Rennes, France
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10
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Yanagihara M, Nakahara K, Kishimoto N, Abe T, Miura S, Misumi S, Sako M, Arisawa M, Murai K. Total Synthesis of Ansellone G and Phorbadione. J Org Chem 2022; 87:16913-16917. [PMID: 36475692 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c02278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The first total synthesis of marine sesterterpenoid ansellone G (2) was accomplished. This strategy utilizes the Prins cyclization reaction of a chloro-substituted homoallyl alcohol to synthesize the hydrobenzopyran skeleton. The preintroduction of the chloro groups facilitated the functional group transformation for 2 after constructing the carbon framework. Furthermore, we also successfully synthesized phorbadione (3) by dehydrating the tertiary alcohol. The HIV latency-reversing activity of the synthesized 2, 3, and deacetylated 2 was also evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mizushi Yanagihara
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Kanae Nakahara
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Naoki Kishimoto
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan
| | - Towa Abe
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan
| | - Satoshi Miura
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan
| | - Shogo Misumi
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan
| | - Makoto Sako
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Mitsuhiro Arisawa
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Kenichi Murai
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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11
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Guo C, Dai H, Zhang M, Liao H, Zhang R, Chen B, Han J, Liu H. Molecular networking assisted discovery and combinatorial biosynthesis of new antimicrobial pleuromutilins. Eur J Med Chem 2022; 243:114713. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.114713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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12
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Whole-cell biocatalyzed organic solvent-free conversion of dill oil to cis-(-)-dihydrocarvone rich aromatic hydrosol: Chemical and aroma profiling. Process Biochem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2022.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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13
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Goethe O, DiBello M, Herzon SB. Total synthesis of structurally diverse pleuromutilin antibiotics. Nat Chem 2022; 14:1270-1277. [PMID: 36163267 PMCID: PMC9633427 DOI: 10.1038/s41557-022-01027-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The emergence of drug-resistant bacterial pathogens has placed renewed emphasis on the total chemical synthesis of novel antibacterials. Tetracyclines, macrolides, streptogramins and lincosamides are now accessible through flexible and general synthetic routes. Pleuromutilins (antibiotics based on the fungal metabolite pleuromutilin) have remained resistant to this approach, in large part due to the difficulties encountered in the de novo construction of the decahydro-3a,9-propanocyclopenta[8]annulene skeleton. Here we present a platform for the total synthesis of pleuromutilins that provides access to diverse derivatives bearing alterations at previously inaccessible skeletal and peripheral positions. The synthesis is enabled by the serendipitous discovery of a vinylogous Wolff rearrangement, which serves to establish the C9 quaternary centre in the targets, and the development of a highly diastereoselective butynylation of an α-quaternary aldehyde, which forms the C14 secondary alcohol. The versatility of the route is demonstrated through the synthesis of seventeen structurally distinct derivatives, with many possessing potent antibacterial activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia Goethe
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Mikaela DiBello
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Seth B Herzon
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
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14
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Lu HH, Gan KJ, Ni FQ, Zhang Z, Zhu Y. Concise Total Synthesis of Salimabromide. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:18778-18783. [PMID: 36194507 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c08337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We achieved a concise total synthesis of salimabromide by using a novel intramolecular radical cyclization to simultaneously construct the unique benzo-fused [4.3.1] carbon skeleton and the vicinal quaternary stereocenters. Other notable transformations include a tandem Michael/Mukaiyama aldol reaction to introduce most of the molecule's structural elements, along with hidden information for late-stage transformations, an intriguing tandem oxidative cyclization of a diene to form the bridged butyrolactone and enone moieties spontaneously, and a highly enantioselective hydrogenation of a cycloheptenone derivative (97% ee) that paved the way for the asymmetric synthesis of salimabromide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Hua Lu
- Key Laboratory of Precise Synthesis of Functional Molecules of Zhejiang Province, Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Research Center for Industries of the Future, Westlake University, 600 Dunyu Road, Hangzhou 310030, China.,Institute of Natural Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, 18 Shilongshan Road, Hangzhou 310024, China
| | - Kang-Ji Gan
- Key Laboratory of Precise Synthesis of Functional Molecules of Zhejiang Province, Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Research Center for Industries of the Future, Westlake University, 600 Dunyu Road, Hangzhou 310030, China.,Institute of Natural Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, 18 Shilongshan Road, Hangzhou 310024, China.,Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Fu-Qiang Ni
- Key Laboratory of Precise Synthesis of Functional Molecules of Zhejiang Province, Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Research Center for Industries of the Future, Westlake University, 600 Dunyu Road, Hangzhou 310030, China.,Institute of Natural Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, 18 Shilongshan Road, Hangzhou 310024, China
| | - Zhihan Zhang
- CCNU-uOttawa Joint Research Centre, Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, 152 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430079, China
| | - Yao Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Precise Synthesis of Functional Molecules of Zhejiang Province, Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Research Center for Industries of the Future, Westlake University, 600 Dunyu Road, Hangzhou 310030, China.,Institute of Natural Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, 18 Shilongshan Road, Hangzhou 310024, China
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15
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Zhang Y, Chen Y, Song M, Tan B, Jiang Y, Yan C, Jiang Y, Hu X, Zhang C, Chen W, Xu J. Total Syntheses of Calyciphylline A-Type Alkaloids (-)-10-Deoxydaphnipaxianine A, (+)-Daphlongamine E and (+)-Calyciphylline R via Late-Stage Divinyl Carbinol Rearrangements. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:16042-16051. [PMID: 36007885 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c05957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Among the famous Daphniphyllum alkaloids family, the calyciphylline A-type subfamily has triggered particular interest from the organic synthesis community in recent years. Here, we report divergent total syntheses of three calyciphylline A-type alkaloids, namely, (-)-10-deoxydaphnipaxianine A, (+)-daphlongamine E, and (+)-calyciphylline R. Our work highlights an efficient, divergent strategy via late-stage divinyl carbinol rearrangements, including an unprecedented oxidative Nazarov electrocyclization using an unfunctionalized tertiary divinyl carbinol and an unusual allylic alcohol rearrangement. A highly efficient "donor-acceptor" platinum catalyst was used for a critical nitrile hydration step. Moreover, the power of selective amide reductions has also been showcased by novel and classic tactics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Small Molecule Drug Discovery and Synthesis, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Yuye Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Small Molecule Drug Discovery and Synthesis, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Manrong Song
- Department of Chemistry and Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Small Molecule Drug Discovery and Synthesis, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Bin Tan
- Department of Chemistry and Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Small Molecule Drug Discovery and Synthesis, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Yujia Jiang
- Department of Chemistry and Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Small Molecule Drug Discovery and Synthesis, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Chongyuan Yan
- Department of Chemistry and Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Small Molecule Drug Discovery and Synthesis, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Yuyang Jiang
- Department of Chemistry and Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Small Molecule Drug Discovery and Synthesis, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Xinyue Hu
- Department of Chemistry and Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Small Molecule Drug Discovery and Synthesis, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Chengqian Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Small Molecule Drug Discovery and Synthesis, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Wenqing Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Small Molecule Drug Discovery and Synthesis, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Jing Xu
- Department of Chemistry and Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Small Molecule Drug Discovery and Synthesis, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
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16
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Singha T, Rouf Samim Mondal A, Midya S, Prasad Hari D. The Dowd–Beckwith Reaction: History, Strategies, and Synthetic Potential. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202202025. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.202202025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tushar Singha
- Department of Organic Chemistry Indian Institute of Scienece Bangalore 560012 India
| | | | - Suparnak Midya
- Department of Organic Chemistry Indian Institute of Scienece Bangalore 560012 India
| | - Durga Prasad Hari
- Department of Organic Chemistry Indian Institute of Scienece Bangalore 560012 India
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17
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Chen H, Li Z, Shao P, Yuan H, Chen SC, Luo T. Total Synthesis of (+)-Mutilin: A Transannular [2+2] Cycloaddition/Fragmentation Approach. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:15462-15467. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c06934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Han Chen
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Ministry of Education and Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Zesheng Li
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Ministry of Education and Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Peng Shao
- Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Haosen Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Ministry of Education and Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Si-Cong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Ministry of Education and Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Tuoping Luo
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Ministry of Education and Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Institute of Molecular Physiology, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
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18
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Morrill C, Péter Á, Amalina I, Pye E, Crisenza GEM, Kaltsoyannis N, Procter DJ. Diastereoselective Radical 1,4-Ester Migration: Radical Cyclizations of Acyclic Esters with SmI 2. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:13946-13952. [PMID: 35858251 PMCID: PMC9377304 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c05972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Reductive cyclizations of carbonyl compounds, mediated
by samarium(II)
diiodide (SmI2, Kagan’s reagent), represent an invaluable
platform to generate molecular complexity in a stereocontrolled manner.
In addition to classical ketone and aldehyde substrates, recent advances
in radical chemistry allow the cyclization of lactone and lactam-type
substrates using SmI2. In contrast, acyclic esters are
considered to be unreactive to SmI2 and their participation
in reductive cyclizations is unprecedented. Here, we report a diastereoselective
radical 1,4-ester migration process, mediated by SmI2,
that delivers stereodefined alkene hydrocarboxylation products via
radical cyclization of acyclic ester groups in α-carbomethoxy
δ-lactones. Isotopic labeling experiments and computational
studies have been used to probe the mechanism of the migration. We
propose that a switch in conformation redirects single electron transfer
from SmI2 to the acyclic ester group, rather than the “more
reactive” lactone carbonyl. Our study paves the way for the
use of elusive ketyl radicals, derived from acyclic esters, in SmI2-mediated reductive cyclizations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Morrill
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, U.K
| | - Áron Péter
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, U.K
| | - Ilma Amalina
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, U.K
| | - Emma Pye
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, U.K
| | - Giacomo E M Crisenza
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, U.K
| | - Nikolas Kaltsoyannis
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, U.K
| | - David J Procter
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, U.K
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19
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Herbort JH, Bednar TN, Chen AD, RajanBabu TV, Nagib DA. γ C-H Functionalization of Amines via Triple H-Atom Transfer of a Vinyl Sulfonyl Radical Chaperone. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:13366-13373. [PMID: 35820104 PMCID: PMC9405708 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c05266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
A selective, remote desaturation has been developed to rapidly access homoallyl amines from their aliphatic precursors. The strategy employs a triple H-atom transfer (HAT) cascade, entailing (i) cobalt-catalyzed metal-HAT (MHAT), (ii) carbon-to-carbon 1,6-HAT, and (iii) Co-H regeneration via MHAT. A new class of sulfonyl radical chaperone (to rapidly access and direct remote, radical reactivity) enables remote desaturation of diverse amines, amino acids, and peptides with excellent site-, chemo-, and regioselectivity. The key, enabling C-to-C HAT step in this cascade was computationally designed to satisfy both thermodynamic (bond strength) and kinetic (polarity) requirements, and it has been probed via regioselectivity, isomerization, and competition experiments. We have also interrupted this radical transfer dehydrogenation to achieve γ-selective C-Cl, C-CN, and C-N bond formations.
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Affiliation(s)
- James H Herbort
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Taylor N Bednar
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Andrew D Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - T V RajanBabu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - David A Nagib
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
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20
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Yang F, Porco JA. Unified, Asymmetric Total Synthesis of the Asnovolins and Related Spiromeroterpenoids: A Fragment Coupling Approach. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:12970-12978. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c05366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Feng Yang
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Molecular Discovery (BU-CMD), Boston University, 590 Commonwealth Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
| | - John A. Porco
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Molecular Discovery (BU-CMD), Boston University, 590 Commonwealth Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
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21
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Abstract
Synthesis of a potent inhibitor of bacterial protein synthesis, pleuromutilin, is described. Assembly of the critical cyclooctane fragment relies on an oxidative ring-expansion, and complete stereochemical relay in the synthetic sequence is enabled by the judicious choice of tactics. The requisite connectivity pattern of the perhydroindanone motif is rapidly established in a sequence of cycloaddition and radical cyclization events. Application of this strategy allows for preparation of the target natural product in 16 steps from commercially available material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas J Foy
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-2025, United States
| | - Sergey V Pronin
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-2025, United States
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22
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Yu M, Wang F, Yao S, Zang Y, Dai C, Liang Y, Zhang M, Gu L, Zhu H, Zhang Y. Structural Elucidation and Total Synthesis of Trichodermotin A, A Natural
α
‐Glucosidase
Inhibitor from
Trichoderma asperellum. CHINESE J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.202200296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Muyuan Yu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan 430030 China
| | - Fengqing Wang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan 430030 China
| | - Si Yao
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan 430030 China
| | - Yi Zang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan 430030 China
| | - Chong Dai
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan 430030 China
| | - Yu Liang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan 430030 China
| | - Mi Zhang
- National Institutes for food and drug Control (NIFDC), No.2, Tiantan Xili Dongcheng District Beijing 10050 China
| | - Lianghu Gu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan 430030 China
| | - Hucheng Zhu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan 430030 China
| | - Yonghui Zhang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan 430030 China
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23
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Heravi MM, Nazari A. Samarium(ii) iodide-mediated reactions applied to natural product total synthesis. RSC Adv 2022; 12:9944-9994. [PMID: 35424959 PMCID: PMC8965710 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra08163b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural product synthesis remains a field in which new synthetic methods and reagents are continually being evaluated. Due to the demanding structures and complex functionality of many natural products, only powerful and selective methods and reagents will be highlighted in this proceeding. Since its introduction by Henri Kagan, samarium(ii) iodide (SmI2, Kagan's reagent) has found increasing use in chemical synthesis. Over the years, many reviews have been published on the application of SmI2 in numerous reductive coupling procedures as well as in natural product total synthesis. This review highlights recent advances in SmI2-mediated synthetic strategies, as applied in the total synthesis of natural products since 2004. Natural product synthesis remains a field in which new synthetic methods and reagents are continually being evaluated.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Majid M Heravi
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Alzahra University PO Box 1993891176 Vanak Tehran Iran +98 21 88041344 +98 21 88044051
| | - Azadeh Nazari
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Alzahra University PO Box 1993891176 Vanak Tehran Iran +98 21 88041344 +98 21 88044051
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24
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Tsai K, Stojković V, Noda-Garcia L, Young ID, Myasnikov AG, Kleinman J, Palla A, Floor SN, Frost A, Fraser JS, Tawfik DS, Fujimori DG. Directed evolution of the rRNA methylating enzyme Cfr reveals molecular basis of antibiotic resistance. eLife 2022; 11:e70017. [PMID: 35015630 PMCID: PMC8752094 DOI: 10.7554/elife.70017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Alteration of antibiotic binding sites through modification of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) is a common form of resistance to ribosome-targeting antibiotics. The rRNA-modifying enzyme Cfr methylates an adenosine nucleotide within the peptidyl transferase center, resulting in the C-8 methylation of A2503 (m8A2503). Acquisition of cfr results in resistance to eight classes of ribosome-targeting antibiotics. Despite the prevalence of this resistance mechanism, it is poorly understood whether and how bacteria modulate Cfr methylation to adapt to antibiotic pressure. Moreover, direct evidence for how m8A2503 alters antibiotic binding sites within the ribosome is lacking. In this study, we performed directed evolution of Cfr under antibiotic selection to generate Cfr variants that confer increased resistance by enhancing methylation of A2503 in cells. Increased rRNA methylation is achieved by improved expression and stability of Cfr through transcriptional and post-transcriptional mechanisms, which may be exploited by pathogens under antibiotic stress as suggested by natural isolates. Using a variant that achieves near-stoichiometric methylation of rRNA, we determined a 2.2 Å cryo-electron microscopy structure of the Cfr-modified ribosome. Our structure reveals the molecular basis for broad resistance to antibiotics and will inform the design of new antibiotics that overcome resistance mediated by Cfr.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaitlyn Tsai
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
| | - Vanja Stojković
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
| | - Lianet Noda-Garcia
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of ScienceRehovotIsrael
| | - Iris D Young
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
| | - Alexander G Myasnikov
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
| | - Jordan Kleinman
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
| | - Ali Palla
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
| | - Stephen N Floor
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
- Department of Cell and Tissue Biology, University of California San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
| | - Adam Frost
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
- Quantitative Biosciences Institute, University of California San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
| | - James S Fraser
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
- Quantitative Biosciences Institute, University of California San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
| | - Dan S Tawfik
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of ScienceRehovotIsrael
| | - Danica Galonić Fujimori
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
- Quantitative Biosciences Institute, University of California San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
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25
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Faul MM, Fürstner A. SYNTHESIS Special Issue in Honor of Professor Sarah Reisman. SYNTHESIS-STUTTGART 2021. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1720011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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26
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Abstract
Taxol is one of the most famous natural diterpenoids and an important anticancer medicine. Taxol represents a formidable synthetic challenge and has prompted significant interest from the synthetic community. However, in all the previous syntheses of Taxol, there have been no reports of closing the desired eight-membered ring through C1-C2 bond formation. Furthermore, the existence of Taxol-resistant tumors and side effects of Taxol make the development of new approaches to synthesize Taxol and its derivatives highly desirable. Here, we report the asymmetric total synthesis of Taxol using a concise approach through 19 isolated intermediates. The synthetically challenging eight-membered ring was constructed efficiently by a diastereoselective intramolecular SmI2-mediated pinacol coupling reaction to form the C1-C2 bond. The unique biomimetic oxygen ene reaction and the newly developed facile tandem C2-benzoate formation and C13 side chain installation improved the efficiency of the synthesis. The mild oxygen ene reaction under light conditions would be an alternative reaction involved in Taxol biosynthesis. This new convergent approach will allow the diverse creation of Taxol derivatives to enable further biological research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Jian Hu
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Chen-Chen Gu
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Xin-Feng Wang
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Long Min
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Chuang-Chuang Li
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
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27
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Galliher MS, Roldan BJ, Stephenson CRJ. Evolution towards green radical generation in total synthesis. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 50:10044-10057. [PMID: 34350919 DOI: 10.1039/d1cs00411e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The use of radicals as intermediates in total synthesis has evolved since their initial use in the latter half of the twentieth century. Radical generation from metal hydride methodologies has shifted to "greener" techniques including catalytic metal-mediated systems, electrochemical and photoredox-mediated processes. This review will focus on these classical and contemporary methods for radical generation and their applications in recent total syntheses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew S Galliher
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, 930 N. University Ave, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
| | - Bec J Roldan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, 930 N. University Ave, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
| | - Corey R J Stephenson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, 930 N. University Ave, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
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28
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Radical philicity and its role in selective organic transformations. Nat Rev Chem 2021; 5:486-499. [PMID: 37118440 DOI: 10.1038/s41570-021-00284-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Radical intermediates in organic chemistry lack a full octet of electrons and, thus, are commonly said to be electron deficient. By denotation, such a statement is technically correct; however, in modern literature, the term 'electron deficient' carries a connotation of electrophilicity. This lexical quirk leads one to predict that all radicals should behave as electrophiles, when this is not the case. Indeed, practitioners of radical chemistry have known for decades that many radicals behave as nucleophiles, sometimes strongly so. This Review aims to establish guidelines for understanding radical philicity by highlighting examples from recent literature as a demonstration of general reactivity paradigms across a series of different carbon-based and heteroatom-based radicals. We present strategies for predicting the philicity of a given radical on the basis of qualitative features of the radical's structure. Finally, we discuss the implications of radical philicity to selective hydrogen atom transfer.
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29
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Abstract
The first total synthesis of (±)-jujuyane, a cyclooctanoid natural product, was accomplished from a (5 + 3) dimerization product of oxidopyrylium ylide that forms the cyclooctanoid core structure along with inherited stereochemical bias. Selective functional group modifications of the highly oxygenated dimeric structure, followed by the tactical functional group manipulation around the eight-membered carbocyclic core, enabled the total synthesis of (±)-jujuyane, which will serve a guide for future applications of oxidopyrylium dimers to the natural product total synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanghyeon Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | | | | | - Jiheon Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Yoon Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
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30
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Xin Z, Wang H, He H, Zhao X, Gao S. Asymmetric Total Synthesis of Norzoanthamine. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:12807-12812. [PMID: 33822444 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202102643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2021] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
We report herein the asymmetric total synthesis of norzoanthamine using radical reactions as key steps for rapid access to the congested carbocyclic core, which is the major synthetic challenge for most zoanthamine alkaloids. (1) The Ueno-Stork radical cyclization was applied to construct the adjacent quaternary centers at the C-9 and C-22 positions; (2) a Co-catalyzed HAT radical reaction was successfully applied to construct the quaternary center at C-12 via Csp3 -Csp2 bond formation; (3) a Mn-catalyzed HAT radical reaction was used to stereospecifically reduce the tetra-substituted olefin (C13=C18) and install the contiguous stereocenters in proximity to the quaternary center. A one-pot bio-inspired cyclization step was finally applied to forge the unstable bis-amino acetal skeleton. Our approach can precisely control the stereochemistry of seven vicinal stereocenters and effectively construct the highly congested heptacyclic skeleton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengyuan Xin
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical, Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 3663 North Zhongshan Road, Shanghai, 200062, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical, Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 3663 North Zhongshan Road, Shanghai, 200062, China
| | - Haibing He
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, East China Normal University, 3663 North Zhongshan Road, Shanghai, 200062, China
| | - Xiaoli Zhao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical, Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 3663 North Zhongshan Road, Shanghai, 200062, China
| | - Shuanhu Gao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical, Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 3663 North Zhongshan Road, Shanghai, 200062, China.,Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, East China Normal University, 3663 North Zhongshan Road, Shanghai, 200062, China
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31
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Xin Z, Wang H, He H, Zhao X, Gao S. Asymmetric Total Synthesis of Norzoanthamine. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202102643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhengyuan Xin
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical, Processes School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering East China Normal University 3663 North Zhongshan Road Shanghai 200062 China
| | - Hui Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical, Processes School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering East China Normal University 3663 North Zhongshan Road Shanghai 200062 China
| | - Haibing He
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development East China Normal University 3663 North Zhongshan Road Shanghai 200062 China
| | - Xiaoli Zhao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical, Processes School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering East China Normal University 3663 North Zhongshan Road Shanghai 200062 China
| | - Shuanhu Gao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical, Processes School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering East China Normal University 3663 North Zhongshan Road Shanghai 200062 China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development East China Normal University 3663 North Zhongshan Road Shanghai 200062 China
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32
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Liu J, Wei Y, Shi M. Direct Activation of a Remote C(sp 3 )-H Bond Enabled by a Visible-Light Photosensitized Allene Moiety. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:12053-12059. [PMID: 33719146 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202101266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Despite allene derivatives have been always regarded as a radical accepter in traditional radical chemistry for decades, the reactivity of allene derivatives under excited state in radical chemistry was rarely explored. Herein, we wish to report an example to engage triplet-excited state of allene moiety as hydrogen-atom-transfer (HAT) partner in the activation of remote sp3 C-H bond via visible-light irradiation under mild reaction conditions with broad substrate scope and good functional-group tolerance. The reaction mechanism involving the generation of triplet excited state of allene derivative and the subsequent HAT process was supported by deuterium labeling, kinetic analysis experiments and DFT calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yin Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Min Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
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33
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Liu J, Wei Y, Shi M. Direct Activation of a Remote C(sp
3
)–H Bond Enabled by a Visible‐Light Photosensitized Allene Moiety. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202101266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences 345 Lingling Road Shanghai 200032 China
| | - Yin Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences 345 Lingling Road Shanghai 200032 China
| | - Min Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences 345 Lingling Road Shanghai 200032 China
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34
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Zhang YA, Milkovits A, Agarawal V, Taylor CA, Snyder SA. Total Synthesis of the Meroterpenoid Manginoid A as Fueled by a Challenging Pinacol Coupling and Bicycle-forming Etherification. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:11127-11132. [PMID: 33644941 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202016178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Revised: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The manginoids are a unique collection of bioactive natural products whose structures fuse an oxa-bridged spirocyclohexanedione with a heavily substituted trans-hydrindane framework. Herein, we show that such architectures can be accessed through a strategy combining a challenging pinacol coupling and bicycle-forming etherification with several additional chemo- and regioselective reactions. The success of these key events proved to be highly substrate and condition specific, affording insights for their application to other targets. As a result, not only has a 19-step total synthesis of manginoid A been achieved, but a potential roadmap to access other members of the family and related natural products has also been identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-An Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, 5735 S. Ellis Avenue, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Amanda Milkovits
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, 5735 S. Ellis Avenue, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Valay Agarawal
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, 5735 S. Ellis Avenue, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Cooper A Taylor
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, 5735 S. Ellis Avenue, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Scott A Snyder
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, 5735 S. Ellis Avenue, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
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35
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Li L, Turnbull WL, McDonald R, West FG. Lithium Hydroxide Assisted
Endo
‐Selective [4+4]‐Photocycloaddition of Pyran‐2‐ones. European J Org Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202100122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Li
- Department of Chemistry University of Alberta E3-43 Gunning-Lemieux Chemistry Centre Edmonton AB T6G 2G2 Canada
| | - William L. Turnbull
- Department of Chemistry University of Alberta E3-43 Gunning-Lemieux Chemistry Centre Edmonton AB T6G 2G2 Canada
| | - Robert McDonald
- X-Ray Crystallography Laboratory Department of Chemistry University of Alberta E3-43 Gunning-Lemieux Chemistry Centre Edmonton AB T6G 2G2 Canada
| | - F. G. West
- Department of Chemistry University of Alberta E3-43 Gunning-Lemieux Chemistry Centre Edmonton AB T6G 2G2 Canada
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36
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Zhang Y, Milkovits A, Agarawal V, Taylor CA, Snyder SA. Total Synthesis of the Meroterpenoid Manginoid A as Fueled by a Challenging Pinacol Coupling and Bicycle‐forming Etherification. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202016178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yu‐An Zhang
- Department of Chemistry University of Chicago 5735 S. Ellis Avenue Chicago IL 60637 USA
| | - Amanda Milkovits
- Department of Chemistry University of Chicago 5735 S. Ellis Avenue Chicago IL 60637 USA
| | - Valay Agarawal
- Department of Chemistry University of Chicago 5735 S. Ellis Avenue Chicago IL 60637 USA
| | - Cooper A. Taylor
- Department of Chemistry University of Chicago 5735 S. Ellis Avenue Chicago IL 60637 USA
| | - Scott A. Snyder
- Department of Chemistry University of Chicago 5735 S. Ellis Avenue Chicago IL 60637 USA
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Abstract
AbstractHydrogen atom transfer (HAT) is one of the fundamental transformations of organic chemistry, allowing the interconversion of open- and closed-shell species through the concerted movement of a proton and an electron. Although the value of this transformation is well appreciated in isolation, with it being used for homolytic C–H activation via abstractive HAT and radical reduction via donative HAT, cooperative HAT (cHAT) reactions, in which two hydrogen atoms are removed or donated to vicinal reaction centers in succession through radical intermediates, are comparatively unknown outside of the mechanism of desaturase enzymes. This tandem reaction scheme has important ramifications in the thermochemistry of each HAT, with the bond dissociation energy (BDE) of the C–H bond adjacent to the radical center being significantly lowered relative to that of the parent alkane, allowing each HAT to be performed by different species. Herein, we discuss the thermodynamic basis of this bond strength differential in cHAT and demonstrate its use as a design principle in organic chemistry for both dehydrogenative (application 1) and hydrogenative (application 2) reactions. We hope that this overview will highlight the exciting reactivity that is possible with cHAT and inspire further developments with this mechanistic approach.1 Introduction and Theory2 Application: Dehydrogenative Transformations3 Application: Alkene Hydrogenation4 Future Applications of cHAT
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Péter Á, Agasti S, Knowles O, Pye E, Procter DJ. Recent advances in the chemistry of ketyl radicals. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 50:5349-5365. [PMID: 33972956 PMCID: PMC8111543 DOI: 10.1039/d0cs00358a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Ketyl radicals are valuable reactive intermediates for synthesis and are used extensively to construct complex, functionalized products from carbonyl substrates. Single electron transfer (SET) reduction of the C
Created by potrace 1.16, written by Peter Selinger 2001-2019
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O bond of aldehydes and ketones is the classical approach for the formation of ketyl radicals and metal reductants are the archetypal reagents employed. The past decade has, however, witnessed significant advances in the generation and harnessing of ketyl radicals. This tutorial review highlights recent, exciting developments in the chemistry of ketyl radicals by comparing the varied contemporary – for example, using photoredox catalysts – and more classical approaches for the generation and use of ketyl radicals. The review will focus on different strategies for ketyl radical generation, their creative use in new synthetic protocols, strategies for the control of enantioselectivity, and detailed mechanisms where appropriate. Ketyl radicals are valuable reactive intermediates for synthesis. This review highlights exciting recent developments in the chemistry of ketyl radicals by comparing contemporary and more classical approaches for their generation and use.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Áron Péter
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, UK.
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Dibrell SE, Tao Y, Reisman SE. Synthesis of Complex Diterpenes: Strategies Guided by Oxidation Pattern Analysis. Acc Chem Res 2021; 54:1360-1373. [PMID: 33621061 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.0c00858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
With complex molecular architectures, intriguing oxidation patterns, and wide-ranging biological activities, diterpene natural products have greatly impacted research in organic chemistry and drug discovery. Our laboratory has completed total syntheses of several highly oxidized diterpenes, including the ent-kauranoids maoecrystal Z, trichorabdal A, and longikaurin E; the antibiotic pleuromutilin; and the insecticides ryanodol, ryanodine, and perseanol. In this Account, we show how analysis of oxidation patterns and inherent functional group relationships can inform key C-C bond disconnections that greatly simplify the complexity of polycyclic structures and streamline their total syntheses. In articulating these concepts, we draw heavily from the approaches to synthetic strategy that were codified by Evans, Corey, Seebach, and others, based on the formalism that heteroatoms impose an alternating acceptor and donor reactivity pattern upon a carbon skeleton. We find these ideas particularly useful when considering oxidized diterpenes as synthetic targets.In the first part of the Account, we describe the use of reductive cyclizations as strategic tactics for building polycyclic systems with γ-hydroxyketone motifs. We have leveraged Sm-ketyl radical cyclizations as "reactivity umpolungs" to generate γ-hydroxyketones in our total syntheses of the Isodon ent-kauranoid diterpenes (-)-maoecrystal Z, (-)-longikaurin E, and (-)-trichorabdal A. Following this work, we identified the same γ-hydroxyketone pattern in the diterpene antibiotic (+)-pleuromutilin, which again inspired the use of a SmI2-mediated reductive cyclization, this time to construct a bridging eight-membered ring. This collection of four total syntheses highlights how reductive cyclizations are particularly effective umpolung tactics when used to simultaneously form rings and introduce 1,4-dioxygenation patterns.In the second part of the Account, we detail the syntheses of the complex and highly oxidized ryanodane and isoryanodane diterpenes and present the oxidation pattern analysis that guided our synthetic designs. We first discuss our 15-step total synthesis of (+)-ryanodol, which incorporated five of the eight oxygen atoms in just two transformations: a dihydroxylation of (S)-pulegone and a SeO2-mediated trioxidation of the A-ring cyclopentenone. This latter transformation gave rise to an independent investigation of SeO2-mediated peroxidations of simple bicyclic cyclopent-2-en-1-ones. The syntheses of (+)-ryanodine and (+)-20-deoxyspiganthine are also presented, which required modified end-game strategies to selectively incorporate the key pyrrole-2-carboxylate ester. Finally, we describe our fragment coupling approach to prepare the isoryanodane diterpene (+)-perseanol. Using a similar oxidation pattern analysis to that developed in the synthesis of ryanodol, we again identified a two-stage strategy to install the five hydroxyl groups. This strategy was enabled by a Pd-mediated carbopalladation/carbonylation cascade and leveraged unexpected, emergent reactivity to sequence a series of late-stage oxidations.While each of the diterpene natural products discussed in this Account present unique synthetic questions, we hope that through their collective discussion, we provide a conceptual framework that condenses and summarizes the chemical knowledge we have learned and inspires future discourse and innovations in strategy design and methodology development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara E. Dibrell
- The Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Yujia Tao
- The Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Sarah E. Reisman
- The Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
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40
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Agasti S, Beattie NA, McDouall JJW, Procter DJ. SmI 2-Catalyzed Intermolecular Coupling of Cyclopropyl Ketones and Alkynes: A Link between Ketone Conformation and Reactivity. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:3655-3661. [PMID: 33629852 PMCID: PMC8028054 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c01356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The archetypal single electron transfer reductant, samarium(II) diiodide (SmI2, Kagan's reagent), remains one of the most important reducing agents and mediators of radical chemistry after four decades of widespread use in synthesis. While the chemistry of SmI2 is very often unique, and thus the reagent is indispensable, it is almost invariably used in superstoichiometric amounts, thus raising issues of cost and waste. Of the few reports of the use of catalytic SmI2, all require the use of superstoichiometric amounts of a metal coreductant to regenerate Sm(II). Here, we describe a SmI2-catalyzed intermolecular radical coupling of aryl cyclopropyl ketones and alkynes. The process shows broad substrate scope and delivers a library of decorated cyclopentenes with loadings of SmI2 as low as 15 mol %. The radical relay strategy negates the need for a superstoichiometric coreductant and additives to regenerate SmI2. Crucially, our study uncovers an intriguing link between ketone conformation and efficient cross-coupling and thus provides an insight into the mechanism of radical relays involving SmI2. The study lays further groundwork for the future use of the classical reagent SmI2 in contemporary radical catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumitra Agasti
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K
| | - Nicholas A Beattie
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K
| | - Joseph J W McDouall
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K
| | - David J Procter
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K
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41
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Abstract
The first asymmetric total synthesis of rumphellclovane E, a clovane-type sesquiterpenoid, has been accomplished in eight steps from commercially available (R)-carvone. Key elements of the synthesis include Rh-catalyzed cyclopropanation, iron-catalyzed intramolecular reductive aldol reaction, and SmI2-mediated chemo- and diastereoselective reduction of the cyclopentanone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanggen Liu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Zhijiang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Shaomin Fu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Bo Liu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
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42
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Wu J, Ma Z. Metal-hydride hydrogen atom transfer (MHAT) reactions in natural product synthesis. Org Chem Front 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1qo01139a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Functionalization of olefins has been an important transformation in synthetic chemistry. This review will focus on the natural product synthesis employing the MHAT reaction as the key strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinghua Wu
- Key Lab of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Wushan Road-381, Guangzhou 510641, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiqiang Ma
- Key Lab of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Wushan Road-381, Guangzhou 510641, People's Republic of China
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43
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Braconi E, Götzinger AC, Cramer N. Enantioselective Iron-Catalyzed Cross-[4+4]-Cycloaddition of 1,3-Dienes Provides Chiral Cyclooctadienes. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:19819-19824. [PMID: 33175501 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c09486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Chiral cyclooctadienes are a frequently occurring scaffold in natural products and specialty chemicals, and are used as ligands in asymmetric catalysis. Accessing substituted cyclooctadienes in an efficient asymmetric fashion has been notoriously challenging. We report an iron-catalyzed enantioselective cross-[4+4]-cycloaddition of 1,3-dienes to form substituted cyclooctadienes under very mild conditions. A highly tailored chiral α-diimine iron complex is key for the success of the transformation providing a balanced performance between reactivity, excellent cross-selectivity and very high enantioselectivity. Steric maps of the complexes help accounting for the observed selectivity. The developed method allows rapid and atom-economic access to novel differently functionalized cyclooctadienes in very high yields and enantioselectivities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Braconi
- Laboratory of Asymmetric Catalysis and Synthesis, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Alissa C Götzinger
- Laboratory of Asymmetric Catalysis and Synthesis, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Nicolai Cramer
- Laboratory of Asymmetric Catalysis and Synthesis, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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44
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Motika SE, Hergenrother PJ. Re-engineering natural products to engage new biological targets. Nat Prod Rep 2020; 37:1395-1403. [PMID: 33034322 PMCID: PMC7720426 DOI: 10.1039/d0np00059k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Covering: up to 2020 Natural products have a long history in drug discovery, with their inherent biological activity often tailored by medicinal chemists to arrive at the final drug product. This process is illustrated by numerous examples, including the conversion of epothilone to ixabepilone, erythromycin to azithromycin, and lovastatin to simvastatin. However, natural products are also fruitful starting points for the creation of complex and diverse compounds, especially those that are markedly different from the parent natural product and accordingly do not retain the biological activity of the parent. The resulting products have physiochemical properties that differ considerably when compared to traditional screening collections, thus affording an opportunity to discover novel biological activity. The synthesis of new structural frameworks from natural products thus yields value-added compounds, as demonstrated in the last several years with multiple biological discoveries emerging from these collections. This Highlight details a handful of these studies, describing new compounds derived from natural products that have biological activity and cellular targets different from those evoked/engaged by the parent. Such re-engineering of natural products offers the potential for discovering compounds with interesting and unexpected biological activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen E Motika
- Department of Chemistry, Institute for Genomic Biology, Cancer Center at Illinois, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, USA.
| | - Paul J Hergenrother
- Department of Chemistry, Institute for Genomic Biology, Cancer Center at Illinois, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, USA.
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45
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Sarkar S, Cheung KPS, Gevorgyan V. C-H functionalization reactions enabled by hydrogen atom transfer to carbon-centered radicals. Chem Sci 2020; 11:12974-12993. [PMID: 34123240 PMCID: PMC8163321 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc04881j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Selective functionalization of ubiquitous unactivated C-H bonds is a continuous quest for synthetic organic chemists. In addition to transition metal catalysis, which typically operates under a two-electron manifold, a recent renaissance in the radical approach relying on the hydrogen atom transfer (HAT) process has led to tremendous growth in the area. Despite several challenges, protocols proceeding via HAT are highly sought after as they allow for relatively easy activation of inert C-H bonds under mild conditions leading to a broader scope and higher functional group tolerance and sometimes complementary reactivity over methods relying on traditional transition metal catalysis. A number of methods operating via heteroatom-based HAT have been extensively reported over the past few years, while methods employing more challenging carbon analogues have been less explored. Recent developments of mild methodologies for generation of various carbon-centered radical species enabled their utilization in the HAT process, which, in turn, led to the development of remote C(sp3)-H functionalization reactions of alcohols, amines, amides and related compounds. This review covers mostly recent advances in C-H functionalization reactions involving the HAT step to carbon-centered radicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumon Sarkar
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Dallas 800 W Campbell Rd Richardson Texas 75080 USA
| | - Kelvin Pak Shing Cheung
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Dallas 800 W Campbell Rd Richardson Texas 75080 USA
| | - Vladimir Gevorgyan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Dallas 800 W Campbell Rd Richardson Texas 75080 USA
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Kattamuri PV, West JG. Hydrogenation of Alkenes via Cooperative Hydrogen Atom Transfer. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:19316-19326. [PMID: 33119986 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c09544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Radical hydrogenation via hydrogen atom transfer (HAT) to alkenes is an increasingly important transformation for the formation of thermodynamic alkane isomers. Current single-catalyst methods require stoichiometric oxidant in addition to hydride (H-) source to function. Here we report a new approach to radical hydrogenation: cooperative hydrogen atom transfer (cHAT), where each hydrogen atom donated to the alkene arrives from a different catalyst. Further, these hydrogen atom (H•) equivalents are generated from complementary hydrogen atom precursors, with each alkane requiring one hydride (H-) and one proton (H+) equivalent and no added oxidants. Preliminary mechanistic study supports this reaction manifold and shows the intersection of metal-catalyzed HAT and thiol radical trapping HAT catalytic cycles to be essential for effective catalysis. Together, this unique catalyst system allows us to reduce a variety of unactivated alkene substrates to their respective alkanes in high yields and diastereoselectivities and introduces a new approach to radical hydrogenation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Padmanabha V Kattamuri
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, BioScience Research Collaborative, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - Julian G West
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, BioScience Research Collaborative, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
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Komine K, Lambert KM, Savage QR, Cox JB, Wood JL. Synthetic studies toward longeracemine: a SmI 2-mediated spirocyclization and rearrangement cascade to construct the 2-azabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane framework. Chem Sci 2020; 11:9488-9493. [PMID: 34094215 PMCID: PMC8162136 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc03422c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Longeracemine, a member of the Daphniphyllum family of alkaloids contains a novel carbon framework featuring a highly functionalized 2-azabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane core as part of an overall 5/6/5/5/6/5 skeleton. A synthetic intermediate containing the core of longeracemine has been efficiently prepared by employing a stereoselective SmI2-mediated cascade reaction to advance a 7-azabicyclo[2.2.1]heptadiene to a 2-azabicyclo[2.2.1]heptene that is functionally poised for conversion to the natural product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keita Komine
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Baylor University One Bear Place 97348 Waco TX 76798 USA
| | - Kyle M. Lambert
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Baylor UniversityOne Bear Place 97348WacoTX 76798USA
| | - Quentin R. Savage
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Baylor UniversityOne Bear Place 97348WacoTX 76798USA
| | - Joshua B. Cox
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Baylor UniversityOne Bear Place 97348WacoTX 76798USA
| | - John L. Wood
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Baylor UniversityOne Bear Place 97348WacoTX 76798USA
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Reuß F, Heretsch P. Taxane Meets Propellane: First Chemical Synthesis of Highly Complex Diterpene Canataxpropellane. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:10232-10234. [PMID: 32297390 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202002118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The features of two iconic chemical classes are united in the structure of the highly complex diterpene canataxpropellane and set a daunting challenge that has been met by the Gaich group. Their daring strategy and its benefit to the field of terpene chemistry is presented and discussed in this Highlight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Reuß
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustraße 3, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Philipp Heretsch
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustraße 3, 14195, Berlin, Germany
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49
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Reuß F, Heretsch P. Taxan trifft Propellan: Erste Totalsynthese des hochkomplexen Diterpens Canataxpropellan. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202002118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Reuß
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie Freie Universität Berlin Takustraße 3 14195 Berlin Deutschland
| | - Philipp Heretsch
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie Freie Universität Berlin Takustraße 3 14195 Berlin Deutschland
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50
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Novikov MA, Bobrova AY, Mezentsev IA, Medvedev MG, Tomilov YV. (2-Fluoroallyl)boration of Ketones with (2-Fluoroallyl)boronates. J Org Chem 2020; 85:6295-6308. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b03445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maxim A. Novikov
- N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 47 Leninsky prosp., 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Angelina Yu. Bobrova
- N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 47 Leninsky prosp., 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation
- Higher Chemical College of the Russian Academy of Sciences, D. I. Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology of Russia, 9 Miusskaya pl., 125047 Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Igor A. Mezentsev
- N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 47 Leninsky prosp., 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation
- Higher Chemical College of the Russian Academy of Sciences, D. I. Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology of Russia, 9 Miusskaya pl., 125047 Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Michael G. Medvedev
- N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 47 Leninsky prosp., 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Yury V. Tomilov
- N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 47 Leninsky prosp., 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation
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