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Damián Burgoa J, Álvarez-Miguel L, Mosquera MEG, Hamilton A, Whiteoak CJ. Binary and Halide-free Catalyst Systems Based on Al/Ga/In Aminopyridylbisphenolate Complexes for the Cycloaddition of Epoxides and CO 2. Inorg Chem 2024; 63:15376-15387. [PMID: 39093822 PMCID: PMC11337169 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.4c02352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2024] [Revised: 07/18/2024] [Accepted: 07/24/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024]
Abstract
Group 13 complexes bearing an aminopyridylbisphenol ligand have been prepared [ML-X; L = ligand, M = Al (X = Cl and Br), Ga (X = Cl, Br, and I), or In (X = Cl)]. The structures of the complexes containing the chloride ligand (ML-Cl; M = Al, Ga, and In) have been directly compared through an X-ray crystallography study, with differences in the monomeric or dimeric nature of their structures observed. All of the complexes obtained have been studied as potential catalysts for the synthesis of cyclic carbonates from epoxides and CO2. It has been found that the indium complex, as part of a traditional binary catalyst system (catalyst + tetra-butylammonium halide cocatalyst), displays the highest catalytic activity and is active under rather mild reaction conditions (balloon pressure of CO2). Meanwhile, it has been found that the GaL-I complex is a competent single-component catalyst (no need for addition of a cocatalyst) at more elevated reaction temperatures and pressures. A full substrate scope has been performed with both developed catalyst systems to demonstrate their applicability. In addition to the experimental results, a density functional theory study was performed on both catalyst systems. These results explain both why the indium catalyst is the most active under binary catalyst system conditions and how the gallium catalyst with an iodide (GaL-I) is able to act as a single-component catalyst in contrast to the indium-based complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesús Damián Burgoa
- Departamento
de Química Orgánica y Química Inorgánica,
Facultad de Farmacia and Instituto de Investigación Química
Andrés M. del Río (IQAR), Universidad de Alcalá, Grupo SOSCATCOM, Campus Universitario, Ctra. Madrid-Barcelona
Km. 33,600, Alcalá de Henares 28871, Madrid, Spain
| | - Lucía Álvarez-Miguel
- Departamento
de Química Orgánica y Química Inorgánica,
Facultad de Farmacia and Instituto de Investigación Química
Andrés M. del Río (IQAR), Universidad de Alcalá, Grupo SOSCATCOM, Campus Universitario, Ctra. Madrid-Barcelona
Km. 33,600, Alcalá de Henares 28871, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta E. G. Mosquera
- Departamento
de Química Orgánica y Química Inorgánica,
Facultad de Farmacia and Instituto de Investigación Química
Andrés M. del Río (IQAR), Universidad de Alcalá, Grupo SOSCATCOM, Campus Universitario, Ctra. Madrid-Barcelona
Km. 33,600, Alcalá de Henares 28871, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alex Hamilton
- Biomolecular
Sciences Research Centre (BMRC) and Department of Biosciences and
Chemistry, College of Health, Wellbeing and Life Sciences Howard Street, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield S1 1WB, U.K.
| | - Christopher J. Whiteoak
- Departamento
de Química Orgánica y Química Inorgánica,
Facultad de Farmacia and Instituto de Investigación Química
Andrés M. del Río (IQAR), Universidad de Alcalá, Grupo SOSCATCOM, Campus Universitario, Ctra. Madrid-Barcelona
Km. 33,600, Alcalá de Henares 28871, Madrid, Spain
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Steiner MR, Schmallegger M, Donner L, Hlina JA, Marschner C, Baumgartner J, Slugovc C. Using the phospha-Michael reaction for making phosphonium phenolate zwitterions. Beilstein J Org Chem 2024; 20:41-51. [PMID: 38230356 PMCID: PMC10790659 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.20.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/18/2024] Open
Abstract
The reactions of 2,4-di-tert-butyl-6-(diphenylphosphino)phenol and various Michael acceptors (acrylonitrile, acrylamide, methyl vinyl ketone, several acrylates, methyl vinyl sulfone) yield the respective phosphonium phenolate zwitterions at room temperature. Nine different zwitterions were synthesized and fully characterized. Zwitterions with the poor Michael acceptors methyl methacrylate and methyl crotonate formed, but could not be isolated in pure form. The solid-state structures of two phosphonium phenolate molecules were determined by single-crystal X-ray crystallography. The bonding situation in the solid state together with NMR data suggests an important contribution of an ylidic resonance structure in these molecules. The phosphonium phenolates are characterized by UV-vis absorptions peaking around 360 nm and exhibit a negative solvatochromism. An analysis of the kinetics of the zwitterion formation was performed for three Michael acceptors (acrylonitrile, methyl acrylate, and acrylamide) in two different solvents (chloroform and methanol). The results revealed the proton transfer step necessary to stabilize the initially formed carbanion as the rate-determining step. A preorganization of the carbonyl bearing Michael acceptors allowed for reasonable fast direct proton transfer from the phenol in aprotic solvents. In contrast, acrylonitrile, not capable of forming a similar preorganization, is hardly reactive in chloroform solution, while in methanol the corresponding phosphonium phenolate is formed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias R Steiner
- Institute for Chemistry and Technology of Materials, Graz University of Technology, Stremayrgasse 9, 8010 Graz, Austria
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Organocatalysis in Polymerization, Stremayrgasse 9, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Max Schmallegger
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Graz University of Technology, Stremayrgasse 9, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Larissa Donner
- Institute for Chemistry and Technology of Materials, Graz University of Technology, Stremayrgasse 9, 8010 Graz, Austria
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Organocatalysis in Polymerization, Stremayrgasse 9, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Johann A Hlina
- Institute of Chemistry, Inorganic Chemistry, University of Graz, Schubertstraße 1, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Christoph Marschner
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Graz University of Technology, Stremayrgasse 9, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Judith Baumgartner
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Graz University of Technology, Stremayrgasse 9, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Christian Slugovc
- Institute for Chemistry and Technology of Materials, Graz University of Technology, Stremayrgasse 9, 8010 Graz, Austria
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Organocatalysis in Polymerization, Stremayrgasse 9, 8010 Graz, Austria
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Piyawongsiri T, Laiwattanapaisarn N, Virachotikul A, Chumsaeng P, Phomphrai K. Epoxide/CO 2 Cycloaddition Reaction Catalyzed by Indium Chloride Complexes Supported by Constrained Inden Schiff-Base Ligands. Chempluschem 2023; 88:e202300559. [PMID: 37815112 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202300559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
Cyclic carbonates have received significant interests for uses as reagents, solvents, and monomers. The coupling reaction of epoxides with carbon dioxide (CO2 ) to produce cyclic carbonate is an attractive route which can significantly reduce greenhouse gas emissions and environmental hazards. Herein, a series of five indium chloride complexes supported by inden Schiff-base ligands were reported along with four X-ray crystal structures. The constrained five-membered rings were added to the ligands to enhance the coordination of epoxides to the In metal. From the catalyst screening, In inden complex having tert-butyl substituents and propylene backbone in combination with tetrabutylammonium bromide (TBAB) exhibited the highest catalytic activity (TON up to 1017) for propylene oxide/CO2 coupling reaction with >99 % selectivity for cyclic carbonate under solvent-free conditions. In addition, the catalyst was shown to be active at atmospheric pressure of CO2 at room temperature. The catalyst system can be applied to various internal and terminal epoxide substrates to exclusively produce the corresponding cyclic carbonates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thitirat Piyawongsiri
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Molecular Science and Engineering, Vidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology (VISTEC), Wangchan, Rayong, 21210, Thailand
| | - Nattiya Laiwattanapaisarn
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Molecular Science and Engineering, Vidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology (VISTEC), Wangchan, Rayong, 21210, Thailand
| | - Arnut Virachotikul
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Molecular Science and Engineering, Vidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology (VISTEC), Wangchan, Rayong, 21210, Thailand
| | - Phongnarin Chumsaeng
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Molecular Science and Engineering, Vidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology (VISTEC), Wangchan, Rayong, 21210, Thailand
| | - Khamphee Phomphrai
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Molecular Science and Engineering, Vidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology (VISTEC), Wangchan, Rayong, 21210, Thailand
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Wei P, Bhat GA, Darensbourg DJ. Enabling New Approaches: Recent Advances in Processing Aliphatic Polycarbonate-Based Materials. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202307507. [PMID: 37534963 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202307507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
Aliphatic polycarbonates (aPCs) have become increasingly popular as functional materials due to their biocompatibility and capacity for on-demand degradation. Advances in polymerization techniques and the introduction of new functional monomers have expanded the library of aPCs available, offering a diverse range of chemical compositions and structures. To accommodate the emerging requirements of new applications in biomedical and energy-related fields, various manufacturing techniques have been adopted for processing aPC-based materials. However, a summary of these techniques has yet to be conducted. The aim of this paper is to enrich the toolbox available to researchers, enabling them to select the most suitable technique for their materials. In this paper, a concise review of the recent progress in processing techniques, including controlled self-assembly, electrospinning, additive manufacturing, and other techniques, is presented. We also highlight the specific challenges and opportunities for the sustainable growth of this research area and the successful integration of aPCs in industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peiran Wei
- Soft Matter Facility, Texas A&M University, 1313 Research Parkway, College Station, TX, 77845, USA
| | - Gulzar A Bhat
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research and Innovations, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, 190006, India
| | - Donald J Darensbourg
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, 3255 TAMU, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
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Vaillant-Coindard V, Chotard F, Théron B, Balan C, Bayardon J, Malacea-Kabbara R, Bodio E, Rousselin Y, Fleurat-Lessard P, Gendre PL. Bis(salicylamidine) Ligands (FAlen): A Variant of Salen with "à la Carte" Denticity. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:7342-7352. [PMID: 37116183 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c00493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/30/2023]
Abstract
Ethylene- and phenylene-bridged bis(salicylamidine) ligands have been readily prepared from ethylene or phenylenediamine and iminium chloride derivatives generated in situ from N,N-dialkylsalicylamides. The former, in its diprotonated form (FAlenH2), reacts with AlMe3 to afford a zwitterionic dimethyldiphenoxyaluminate complex with the FAlen ligand monoprotonated and in a bidentate κ2O,O' fashion. A phenylene-bridged proligand behaves differently, yielding a neutral methylaluminum complex bearing a κ3O,N,O'-coordinated FAlen ligand. From these complexes, methyl anion abstraction with B(C6F5)3 or a reaction with Schrock's alcohol leads to the corresponding aluminum cationic or alkoxy complexes in which a κ4O,N,N',O'-coordination mode of the FAlen ligand is observed. X-ray diffraction studies of the proligands and of the complexes show that the amidine functions feature a trans configuration when the N-amidine atom is not coordinated to the metal and conversely a cis configuration when it is. Density functional theory calculations show that trans-cis isomerization of the amidine functions occurs upon coordination with the metal ion with very low energy barriers. They also confirm the intuition that the denticity of the FAlen ligands in the complexes is directly related to the electron richness of the metal ion. At last, FAlen Al complexes are used as initiators for the controlled ring-opening polymerization of rac-lactide to afford poly(lactic acid) with slight isotactic bias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentin Vaillant-Coindard
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de l'Université de Bourgogne (ICMUB, UMR-CNRS 6302), Université de Bourgogne, 9 avenue Alain Savary, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - Florian Chotard
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de l'Université de Bourgogne (ICMUB, UMR-CNRS 6302), Université de Bourgogne, 9 avenue Alain Savary, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - Benjamin Théron
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de l'Université de Bourgogne (ICMUB, UMR-CNRS 6302), Université de Bourgogne, 9 avenue Alain Savary, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - Cédric Balan
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de l'Université de Bourgogne (ICMUB, UMR-CNRS 6302), Université de Bourgogne, 9 avenue Alain Savary, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - Jérôme Bayardon
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de l'Université de Bourgogne (ICMUB, UMR-CNRS 6302), Université de Bourgogne, 9 avenue Alain Savary, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - Raluca Malacea-Kabbara
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de l'Université de Bourgogne (ICMUB, UMR-CNRS 6302), Université de Bourgogne, 9 avenue Alain Savary, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - Ewen Bodio
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de l'Université de Bourgogne (ICMUB, UMR-CNRS 6302), Université de Bourgogne, 9 avenue Alain Savary, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - Yoann Rousselin
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de l'Université de Bourgogne (ICMUB, UMR-CNRS 6302), Université de Bourgogne, 9 avenue Alain Savary, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - Paul Fleurat-Lessard
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de l'Université de Bourgogne (ICMUB, UMR-CNRS 6302), Université de Bourgogne, 9 avenue Alain Savary, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - Pierre Le Gendre
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de l'Université de Bourgogne (ICMUB, UMR-CNRS 6302), Université de Bourgogne, 9 avenue Alain Savary, 21000 Dijon, France
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Roy SS, Sarkar S, Antharjanam P, Chakraborty D. Ring-opening copolymerization of CO2 with epoxides catalyzed by binary catalysts containing half salen aluminum compounds and quaternary phosphonium salt. MOLECULAR CATALYSIS 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mcat.2023.113053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/13/2023]
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7
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Velpuri VR, Kumari S, Muralidharan K. Rapid capture of flow carbon dioxide by hard Epoxy thermosets with the high glass transition temperature. J CHEM SCI 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s12039-023-02139-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
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Martínez de Sarasa Buchaca M, de la Cruz-Martínez F, Sánchez-Barba LF, Tejeda J, Rodríguez AM, Castro-Osma JA, Lara-Sánchez A. One-pot terpolymerization of CHO, CO 2 and L-lactide using chloride indium catalysts. Dalton Trans 2023; 52:3482-3492. [PMID: 36843480 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt00391d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
Ring-opening copolymerization reactions of epoxides, carbon dioxide and cyclic esters to produce copolymers is a promising strategy to prepare CO2-based polymeric materials. In this contribution, bimetallic chloride indium complexes have been developed as catalysts for the copolymerization processes of cyclohexene oxide, carbon dioxide and L-lactide under mild reaction conditions. The catalysts displayed good catalytic activity and excellent selectivity towards the preparation of poly(cyclohexene carbonate) (PCHC) at one bar CO2 pressure in the absence of a co-catalyst. Additionally, polyester-polycarbonate copolymers poly(lactide-co-cyclohexene carbonate) (PLA-co-PCHC) were obtained via an one-pot one-step route without the use of a co-catalyst. The degree of incorporation of carbon dioxide can be easily modulated by changing the CO2 pressure and the monomer feed, resulting in copolymers with different thermal properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Martínez de Sarasa Buchaca
- Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Orgánica y Bioquímica-Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Facultad de Ciencias y Tecnologías Químicas and Instituto Regional de Investigación Científica Aplicada-IRICA, 13071-Ciudad Real, Spain.
| | - Felipe de la Cruz-Martínez
- Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Orgánica y Bioquímica-Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Facultad de Ciencias y Tecnologías Químicas and Instituto Regional de Investigación Científica Aplicada-IRICA, 13071-Ciudad Real, Spain.
| | - Luis F Sánchez-Barba
- Departamento de Biología y Geología, Física y Química Inorgánica, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Móstoles, 28933 Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Tejeda
- Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Orgánica y Bioquímica-Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Facultad de Ciencias y Tecnologías Químicas and Instituto Regional de Investigación Científica Aplicada-IRICA, 13071-Ciudad Real, Spain.
| | - Ana M Rodríguez
- Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Orgánica y Bioquímica-Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Facultad de Ciencias y Tecnologías Químicas and Instituto Regional de Investigación Científica Aplicada-IRICA, 13071-Ciudad Real, Spain.
| | - José A Castro-Osma
- Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Dpto. de Química Inorgánica, Orgánica y Bioquímica, Facultad de Farmacia, 02071-Albacete, Spain.
| | - Agustín Lara-Sánchez
- Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Orgánica y Bioquímica-Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Facultad de Ciencias y Tecnologías Químicas and Instituto Regional de Investigación Científica Aplicada-IRICA, 13071-Ciudad Real, Spain.
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Cabrera DJ, Lewis RD, Díez-Poza C, Álvarez-Miguel L, Mosquera MEG, Hamilton A, Whiteoak CJ. Group 13 salphen compounds (In, Ga and Al): a comparison of their structural features and activities as catalysts for cyclic carbonate synthesis. Dalton Trans 2023; 52:5882-5894. [PMID: 36852925 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt00089c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
Many complexes based on group 13 elements have been successfully applied as catalysts for the synthesis of cyclic carbonates from epoxides and CO2 and to date these have provided some of the most active catalysts developed. It is notable that most reports have focused on the use of aluminium-based compounds likely because of the well-established Lewis acidity of this element and its cost. In comparison, relatively little attention has been paid to the development of catalysts based on the heavier group 13 elements, despite their known Lewis acidic properties. This study describes the synthesis of aluminium, gallium and indium compounds supported by a readily prepared salphen ligand and explores both their comparative structures and also their potential as catalysts for the synthesis of cyclic carbonates. In addition, the halide ligand which forms a key part of the compound has been systematically varied and the effect of this change on the structure and catalytic activity is also discussed. It is demonstrated that the indium compounds are actually, and unexpectedly, the most active for cyclic carbonate synthesis, despite their lower Lewis acidity when compared to their aluminium congeners. The experimental observations from this work are fully supported by a Density Functional Theory (DFT) study, which provides important insights into the reasons as to why the indium catalyst with bromide, [InBr(salphen)], is most active.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Jaraba Cabrera
- Universidad de Alcalá, Grupo SOSCATCOM, Departamento de Química Orgánica y Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Farmacia and Instituto de Investigación Química Andrés M. del Río (IQAR), Campus Universitario, Ctra. Madrid-Barcelona Km. 33, 600, 28871 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Ryan D Lewis
- Sheffield Hallam University, Biomolecular Sciences Research Centre (BMRC) and Department of Biosciences and Chemistry, College of Health, Wellbeing and Life Sciences, Sheffield Hallam University, Howard Street, Sheffield, S1 1WB, UK
| | - Carlos Díez-Poza
- Universidad de Alcalá, Grupo SOSCATCOM, Departamento de Química Orgánica y Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Farmacia and Instituto de Investigación Química Andrés M. del Río (IQAR), Campus Universitario, Ctra. Madrid-Barcelona Km. 33, 600, 28871 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Lucía Álvarez-Miguel
- Universidad de Alcalá, Grupo SOSCATCOM, Departamento de Química Orgánica y Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Farmacia and Instituto de Investigación Química Andrés M. del Río (IQAR), Campus Universitario, Ctra. Madrid-Barcelona Km. 33, 600, 28871 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Marta E G Mosquera
- Universidad de Alcalá, Grupo SOSCATCOM, Departamento de Química Orgánica y Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Farmacia and Instituto de Investigación Química Andrés M. del Río (IQAR), Campus Universitario, Ctra. Madrid-Barcelona Km. 33, 600, 28871 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Alex Hamilton
- Sheffield Hallam University, Biomolecular Sciences Research Centre (BMRC) and Department of Biosciences and Chemistry, College of Health, Wellbeing and Life Sciences, Sheffield Hallam University, Howard Street, Sheffield, S1 1WB, UK
| | - Christopher J Whiteoak
- Universidad de Alcalá, Grupo SOSCATCOM, Departamento de Química Orgánica y Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Farmacia and Instituto de Investigación Química Andrés M. del Río (IQAR), Campus Universitario, Ctra. Madrid-Barcelona Km. 33, 600, 28871 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain.
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10
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Jung HJ, Nyamayaro K, Baalbaki HA, Goonesinghe C, Mehrkhodavandi P. Cooperative Initiation in a Dinuclear Indium Complex for CO 2 Epoxide Copolymerization. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:1968-1977. [PMID: 36688644 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c03192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Dinuclear indium complexes have been synthesized and characterized. These include neutral and cationic indium complexes supported by a Schiff base ligand bearing a binaphthol linker. The new compounds were investigated for alternating copolymerization of CO2 and cyclohexene oxide. In particular, the neutral indium chloride complex (±)-[(ONapNiN)InCl2]2 (4) showed high conversion of cyclohexene oxide and selectivity for poly(cyclohexene carbonate) formation without cocatalysts at 80 °C under various CO2 pressures (2-30 bar). Importantly, the reactivity of the dinuclear indium chloride complex 4 is drastically different from that of the mononuclear indium chloride complex (±)-(NNiOtBu)InCl2 (5), suggesting a cooperative initiation mechanism involving the two indium centers in 4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyuk-Joon Jung
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver V6T 1Z1, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Kudzanai Nyamayaro
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver V6T 1Z1, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Hassan A Baalbaki
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver V6T 1Z1, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Chatura Goonesinghe
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver V6T 1Z1, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Parisa Mehrkhodavandi
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver V6T 1Z1, British Columbia, Canada
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Qu Y, Chen Y, Ye Y, Xu P, Sun J. Supercritical CO2 assisted synthesis of SBA-15 supported amino acid ionic liquid for CO2 cycloaddition under cocatalyst/metal/solvent-free conditions. J CO2 UTIL 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcou.2022.102294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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12
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Fazekas E, Lowy PA, Abdul Rahman M, Lykkeberg A, Zhou Y, Chambenahalli R, Garden JA. Main group metal polymerisation catalysts. Chem Soc Rev 2022; 51:8793-8814. [PMID: 36214205 DOI: 10.1039/d2cs00048b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
With sustainability at the forefront of current polymerisation research, the typically earth-abundant, inexpensive and low-toxicity main group metals are attractive candidates for catalysis. Main group metals have been exploited in a broad range of polymerisations, ranging from classical alkene polymerisation to the synthesis of new bio-derived and degradable polyesters and polycarbonates via ring-opening polymerisation and ring-opening copolymerisation. This tutorial review highlights efficient polymerisation catalysts based on Group 1, Group 2, Zn and Group 13 metals. Key mechanistic pathways and catalyst developments are discussed, including tailored ligand design, heterometallic cooperativity, bicomponent systems and careful selection of the polymerisation conditions, all of which can be used to fine-tune the metal Lewis acidity and the metal-alkyl bond polarity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eszter Fazekas
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3FJ, UK.
| | - Phoebe A Lowy
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3FJ, UK.
| | | | - Anna Lykkeberg
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3FJ, UK.
| | - Yali Zhou
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3FJ, UK.
| | - Raju Chambenahalli
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3FJ, UK.
| | - Jennifer A Garden
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3FJ, UK.
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13
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Stereoselective synthesis of biodegradable polymers by salen-type metal catalysts. Sci China Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11426-022-1377-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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14
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Xie J, Chen F, Li M, Liu N. [ONSN]-type chromium complexes catalyzed coupling of CO2 with epoxides. J CO2 UTIL 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcou.2022.102100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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15
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Della Monica F, Capacchione C. Recent Advancements in Metal‐Catalysts Design for CO2/Epoxide Reactions. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.202200300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Della Monica
- Università degli Studi dell'Insubria: Universita degli Studi dell'Insubria Dipartimento di Biotecnologie e Scienze della Vita ITALY
| | - Carmine Capacchione
- Università degli Studi di Salerno Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia "Adolfo Zambelli" via Giovanni Paolo II 84081 Fisciano SA ITALY
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16
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Liao X, Cui FC, He JH, Ren WM, Lu XB, Zhang YT. A sustainable approach for the synthesis of recyclable cyclic CO 2-based polycarbonates. Chem Sci 2022; 13:6283-6290. [PMID: 35733884 PMCID: PMC9159078 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc01387h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
It is highly desirable to reduce the environmental pollution related to the disposal of end-of-life plastics. Polycarbonates derived from the copolymerization of CO2 and epoxides have attracted much attention since they can enable CO2-fixation and furnish biorenewable and degradable polymeric materials. So far, only linear CO2-based polycarbonates have been reported and typically degraded to cyclic carbonates. Here we synthesize a homogeneous dinuclear methyl zinc catalyst ((BDI-ZnMe)2, 1) to rapidly copolymerize meso-CHO and CO2 into poly(cyclohexene carbonate) (PCHC) with an unprecedentedly cyclic structure. Moreover, in the presence of trace amounts of water, a heterogeneous multi-nuclear zinc catalyst ((BDI-(ZnMe2·xH2O)) n , 2) is prepared and shows up to 99% selectivity towards the degradation of PCHC back to meso-CHO and CO2. This strategy not only achieves the first case of cyclic CO2-based polycarbonate but also realizes the complete chemical recycling of PCHC back to its monomers, representing closed-loop recycling of CO2-based polycarbonates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University 130012 Changchun P. R. China
| | - Feng-Chao Cui
- Faculty of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University 130024 Changchun P. R. China
| | - Jiang-Hua He
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University 130012 Changchun P. R. China
| | - Wei-Min Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology 116024 Dalian P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Bing Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology 116024 Dalian P. R. China
| | - Yue-Tao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University 130012 Changchun P. R. China
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17
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Kerr RWF, Williams CK. Zr(IV) Catalyst for the Ring-Opening Copolymerization of Anhydrides (A) with Epoxides (B), Oxetane (B), and Tetrahydrofurans (C) to Make ABB- and/or ABC-Poly(ester- alt-ethers). J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:6882-6893. [PMID: 35388696 PMCID: PMC9084548 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c01225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Poly(ester-alt-ethers) can combine beneficial ether linkage flexibility and polarity with ester linkage hydrolysability, furnishing fully degradable polymers. Despite their promising properties, this class of polymers remains underexplored, in part due to difficulties in polymer synthesis. Here, a catalyzed copolymerization using commercially available monomers, butylene oxide (BO)/oxetane (OX), tetrahydrofuran (THF), and phthalic anhydride (PA), accesses a series of well-defined poly(ester-alt-ethers). A Zr(IV) catalyst is reported that yields polymer repeat units comprising a ring-opened PA (A), followed by two ring-opened cyclic ethers (B/C) (-ABB- or -ABC-). It operates with high polymerization control, good rate, and successfully enchains epoxides, oxetane, and/or tetrahydrofurans, providing a straightforward means to moderate the distance between ester linkages. Kinetic analysis of PA/BO copolymerization, with/without THF, reveals an overall second-order rate law: first order in both catalyst and butylene oxide concentrations but zero order in phthalic anhydride and, where it is present, zero order in THF. Poly(ester-alt-ethers) have lower glass-transition temperatures (-16 °C < Tg < 12 °C) than the analogous alternating polyesters, consistent with the greater backbone flexibility. They also show faster ester hydrolysis rates compared with the analogous AB polymers. The Zr(IV) catalyst furnishes poly(ester-alt-ethers) from a range of commercially available epoxides and anhydride; it presents a straightforward method to moderate degradable polymers' properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan W F Kerr
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K
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18
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Diaz C, Fu J, Soobrattee S, Cao L, Nyamayaro K, Goonesinghe C, Patrick BO, Mehrkhodavandi P. Comparison of Imine- and Phosphinimine-Supported Indium Complexes: Tuning the Reactivity for the Sequential and Simultaneous Copolymerization of Lactide and ε-Caprolactone. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:3763-3773. [PMID: 35171588 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c00043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Imine- and phosphinimine-supported indium complexes were used as catalysts in the polymerization of racemic lactide and ε-caprolactone as well as their copolymerization by the sequential and simultaneous addition of monomers. Tuning the electronics and sterics of the indium centers by either (i) changing the nature of the nitrogen donors and (ii) coordinating a hemilabile side group had a significant effect on the reactivity of the complexes, their stability, and their control in the synthesis of block copolymers. Specifically, the imine-supported complex (5) showed the highest activity in the homo- and copolymerization of the cyclic esters, in contrast to the phosphinimine-supported complex (7), which was significantly slower and less stable. The presence of morpholine and thiomorpholine hemilabile side groups either reduced the activity or prevented the formation of alkoxide complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Diaz
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Jane Fu
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Shazia Soobrattee
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Lirong Cao
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Kudzanai Nyamayaro
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Chatura Goonesinghe
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Brian O Patrick
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Parisa Mehrkhodavandi
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
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19
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García-Garrido SE, Presa Soto A, García-Álvarez J. Iminophosphoranes (R3P NR′): From terminal to multidentate ligands in organometallic chemistry. ADVANCES IN ORGANOMETALLIC CHEMISTRY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.adomc.2022.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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20
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Zhang J, Jin S, Luo S, Shen C, Shen W, Xu L, Zhong G, Zhong L, Zhu Y. Access to axially chiral aryl 1,3-dienes by transient group directed asymmetric C-H alkenylations. Org Chem Front 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2qo00161f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We present a Pd-catalyzed atroposelective preparation of aryl 1,3-dienes from readily available styrenes and olefins through aldehyde derived transient chiral auxiliary, proceeding by enantioselective olefinic C-H alkenylation of styrenes via...
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21
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Baalbaki HA, Nyamayaro K, Shu J, Goonesinghe C, Jung HJ, Mehrkhodavandi P. Indium-Catalyzed CO 2/Epoxide Copolymerization: Enhancing Reactivity with a Hemilabile Phosphine Donor. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:19304-19314. [PMID: 34870430 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c03123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Group 13 metal complexes have emerged as powerful catalysts for transforming CO2 into added-value products. However, direct comparisons of reactivity between Al, Ga, and In catalysts are rare. We report aluminum (1), gallium (2), and indium (3) complexes supported by a half-salen H[PNNO] ligand with a pendent phosphine donor and investigate their activity as catalysts for the copolymerization of CO2 and cyclohexene oxide. In solution, the P-donor is dissociated for the Al and Ga complexes while for the In complex it exhibits hemilabile behavior. The indium complex shows higher conversion and selectivity than the Al or Ga analogues. The mechanism of the reaction was studied by NMR and FTIR spectroscopy experiments as well as structural characterization of off-cycle catalytic intermediate indium trichloride complex [(PNNO)InCl3][TBA] (4). This study highlights the impact of a hemilabile phosphine group on group 13 metals and provides a detailed analysis of the initiation step in CO2/epoxide copolymerization reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan A Baalbaki
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Kudzanai Nyamayaro
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Julia Shu
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Chatura Goonesinghe
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Hyuk-Joon Jung
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Parisa Mehrkhodavandi
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
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22
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Cao H, Zhang R, Zhou Z, Liu S, Tao Y, Wang F, Wang X. On-Demand Transformation of Carbon Dioxide into Polymers Enabled by a Comb-Shaped Metallic Oligomer Catalyst. ACS Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.1c04431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Han Cao
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022 China
| | - Ruoyu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022 China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026 China
| | - Zhenzhen Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022 China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026 China
| | - Shunjie Liu
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022 China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026 China
| | - Youhua Tao
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022 China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026 China
| | - Fosong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022 China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026 China
| | - Xianhong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022 China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026 China
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23
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Reddi Y, Cramer CJ. Mechanism and Design Principles for Controlling Stereoselectivity in the Copolymerization of CO 2/Cyclohexene Oxide by Indium(III) Phosphasalen Catalysts. ACS Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.1c04619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yernaidu Reddi
- Department of Chemistry, Chemical Theory Center, and Supercomputing Institute, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant Street Southeast, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Christopher J. Cramer
- Department of Chemistry, Chemical Theory Center, and Supercomputing Institute, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant Street Southeast, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
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24
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Petersen A, Chu NQ, Fitzgerald DM, McCaslin EZ, Blessing WA, Colby AH, Colson YL, Grinstaff MW. Sustainable glycerol terpolycarbonates as temporary bioadhesives. Biomater Sci 2021; 9:8366-8372. [PMID: 34787119 PMCID: PMC9856206 DOI: 10.1039/d1bm00995h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
We describe the synthesis of poly(glycidyl acetate-co-glycidyl butyrate carbonate)s via the terpolymerization of glycidyl acetate (GA), glycidyl butyrate (GB), and CO2 by a cobalt salen complex in high atom economy. These new non-cytotoxic polycarbonates are pressure-sensitive adhesives, and peel testing shows the adhesive strength ranges from Scotch-Tape® to hot-melt glues based on glycidyl butyrate content. The tunable adherence, benign degradation products, and facile application and removal suggest their utility as temporary adhesives, such as those used in biomedical applications or medical devices. One polymer, (GA-co-GB)-87, exhibits the proper adhesive strength to sufficiently adhere a collagen buttress to the jaws of a steel surgical stapler and easily release the buttress after firing to successfully cut, close, and implant the buttress into lung tissue in an ex vivo sheep model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjeza Petersen
- Departments of Chemistry, Biomedical Engineering, and Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.
| | - Ngoc-Quynh Chu
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA.
| | - Danielle M Fitzgerald
- Departments of Chemistry, Biomedical Engineering, and Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.
| | - Ethan Z McCaslin
- Departments of Chemistry, Biomedical Engineering, and Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.
| | - William A Blessing
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA.
| | - Aaron H Colby
- Departments of Chemistry, Biomedical Engineering, and Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.
| | - Yolonda L Colson
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA.
| | - Mark W Grinstaff
- Departments of Chemistry, Biomedical Engineering, and Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.
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25
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Chain-transfer-catalyst: strategy for construction of site-specific functional CO2-based polycarbonates. Sci China Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11426-021-1098-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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26
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Yang HQ, Chen ZX. Theoretical investigation on conversion of CO2 with epoxides to cyclic carbonates by bifunctional metal-salen complexes bearing ionic liquid substsituents. MOLECULAR CATALYSIS 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mcat.2021.111733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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27
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Plajer AJ, Williams CK. Heterotrimetallic Carbon Dioxide Copolymerization and Switchable Catalysts: Sodium is the Key to High Activity and Unusual Selectivity. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202101180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alex J. Plajer
- Oxford Chemistry Chemical Research Laboratory 12 Mansfield Road Oxford OX1 3TA UK
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28
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Plajer AJ, Williams CK. Heterotrimetallic Carbon Dioxide Copolymerization and Switchable Catalysts: Sodium is the Key to High Activity and Unusual Selectivity. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:13372-13379. [PMID: 33971064 PMCID: PMC8251569 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202101180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
A challenge in polymer synthesis using CO2 is to precisely control CO2 placement in the backbone and chain end groups. Here, a new catalyst class delivers unusual selectivity and is self-switched between different polymerization cycles to construct specific sequences and desirable chain-end chemistries. The best catalyst is a trinuclear dizinc(II)sodium(I) complex and it functions without additives or co-catalysts. It shows excellent rates across different ring-opening (co)polymerization catalytic cycles and allows precise control of CO2 incorporation within polyesters and polyethers, thereby allowing access to new polymer chemistries without requiring esoteric monomers, multi-reactor processes or complex post-polymerization procedures. The structures, kinetics and mechanisms of the catalysts are investigated, providing evidence for intermediate speciation and uncovering the factors governing structure and composition and thereby guiding future catalyst design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex J. Plajer
- Oxford ChemistryChemical Research Laboratory12 Mansfield RoadOxfordOX1 3TAUK
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29
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30
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la Cruz-Martínez FD, Sarasa Buchaca MMD, Fernández-Baeza J, Sánchez-Barba LF, Rodríguez AM, Alonso-Moreno C, Castro-Osma JA, Lara-Sánchez A. Heteroscorpionate Rare-Earth Catalysts for the Low-Pressure Coupling Reaction of CO 2 and Cyclohexene Oxide. Organometallics 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.1c00164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Felipe de la Cruz-Martínez
- Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Orgánica y Bioquímica-Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Facultad de Ciencias y Tecnologías Químicas, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Marc Martínez de Sarasa Buchaca
- Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Orgánica y Bioquímica-Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Facultad de Ciencias y Tecnologías Químicas, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Juan Fernández-Baeza
- Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Orgánica y Bioquímica-Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Facultad de Ciencias y Tecnologías Químicas, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Luis F. Sánchez-Barba
- Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Departamento de Biología y Geología, Física y Química Inorgánica, 28933 Móstoles, Spain
| | - Ana M. Rodríguez
- Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Orgánica y Bioquímica-Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Facultad de Ciencias y Tecnologías Químicas, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Carlos Alonso-Moreno
- Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Orgánica y Bioquímica-Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Facultad de Farmacia, 02071 Albacete, Spain
| | - José A. Castro-Osma
- Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Orgánica y Bioquímica-Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Facultad de Farmacia, 02071 Albacete, Spain
| | - Agustín Lara-Sánchez
- Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Orgánica y Bioquímica-Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Facultad de Ciencias y Tecnologías Químicas, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain
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31
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Liang X, Tan F, Zhu Y. Recent Developments in Ring-Opening Copolymerization of Epoxides With CO 2 and Cyclic Anhydrides for Biomedical Applications. Front Chem 2021; 9:647245. [PMID: 33959588 PMCID: PMC8093832 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2021.647245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The biomedical applications of polyesters and polycarbonates are of interest due to their potential biocompatibility and biodegradability. Confined by the narrow scope of monomers and the lack of controlled polymerization routes, the biomedical-related applications of polyesters and polycarbonates remain challenging. To address this challenge, ring-opening copolymerization (ROCOP) has been exploited to prepare new alternating polyesters and polycarbonates, which would be hard to synthesize using other controlled polymerization methods. This review highlights recent advances in catalyst development, including the emerging dinuclear organometallic complexes and metal-free Lewis pair systems. The post-polymerization modification methods involved in tailoring the biomedical functions of resultant polyesters and polycarbonates are summarized. Pioneering attempts for the biomedical applications of ROCOP polyesters and polycarbonates are presented, and the future opportunities and challenges are also highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Liang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fei Tan
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai East Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Yunqing Zhu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
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32
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Phosphasalalen Rare-Earth Complexes for the Polymerization of rac-Lactide and rac-β-Butyrolactone. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:705-717. [PMID: 33405906 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c02741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A series of new phosphasalalen pro-ligands, analogues of salalen but with an iminophosphorane replacing the imine functionality, and their corresponding rare-earth alkoxide and siloxide complexes were synthesized. The multinuclear NMR spectra and X-ray diffraction analyses revealed that, for the tert-butoxide and ethoxide complexes, the resulting phosphasalalen rare-earth product was composed of a mononuclear alkoxide and a binuclear complex containing bridged alkoxo and hydroxo groups, while an analogous binuclear complex was isolated as the sole product for the siloxide complex. All the complexes could catalyze the heteroselective ring-opening polymerization (ROP) of rac-lactide (Pr up to 0.77) with high catalytic activities and a controlled polydispersity. Remarkably, the yttrium and lutetium phosphasalalen complexes could also efficiently catalyze the ROP of rac-β-butyrolactone to produce syndiotactic polymers (Pr up to 0.73) while their salalen analogues were inert, revealing the special effects of the iminophosphorane moiety. Detailed end-group analyses and kinetic investigations suggested that the alkoxo-hydroxo-bridged complexes maintained their binuclear structures in the polymerization.
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33
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Baalbaki HA, Roshandel H, Hein JE, Mehrkhodavandi P. Conversion of dilute CO2 to cyclic carbonates at sub-atmospheric pressures by a simple indium catalyst. Catal Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cy02028a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
A simple indium halide with an ammonium salt catalyst can catalyze effectively the cycloaddition of epoxide and dilute CO2. A detailed mechanistic investigation is conducted using kinetics, isotope labeling, and in situ NMR and IR experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hootan Roshandel
- Department of Chemistry
- University of British Columbia
- Vancouver
- Canada
| | - Jason E. Hein
- Department of Chemistry
- University of British Columbia
- Vancouver
- Canada
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34
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Qu L, Roisnel T, Cordier M, Yuan D, Yao Y, Zhao B, Kirillov E. Rare-Earth Metal Complexes Supported by Polydentate Phenoxy-Type Ligand Platforms: C-H Activation Reactivity and CO 2/Epoxide Copolymerization Catalysis. Inorg Chem 2020; 59:16976-16987. [PMID: 33185443 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c02112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Mono- and dinuclear group 3 metal complexes incorporating polydentate bis(imino)phenoxy {N2O}- and bis(amido)phenoxy {N2O}3- ligands were synthesized by alkane elimination reactions from the tris(alkyl) M(CH2SiMe3)3(THF)2 and M(CH2C6H4-o-NMe2)3 (M = Sc, Y) precursors. Complex 1a-Y was used for the selective C-H activation of 2-phenylpyridine at the 2'-phenyl position affording the corresponding bis(aryl) product 3a-Y, which was found to be reacted reluctantly with weak electrophiles (styrene, imines, hydrosilanes). The mechanism of formation of 3a-Y was established by DFT calculations, which also corroborated high stability of the complex toward insertion of styrene, apparently stemming from the inability to form the corresponding adduct. Copolymerization of cyclohexene oxide and CO2 promoted by 1a-Y (0.1-0.5 mol %) was demonstrated to proceed under mild conditions (toluene, 70 °C, PCO2 = 12 bar) giving polycarbonates with high efficiency (maximal TON of 460) and selectivity (97-99% of carbonate units).
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Affiliation(s)
- Liye Qu
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Dushu Lake Campus, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, People's Republic of China.,Universite Rennes, CNRS, ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes), UMR 6226, F-35700 Rennes, France
| | - Thierry Roisnel
- Centre de Crystallographie, Universite Rennes, CNRS, ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes), UMR 6226, F-35700 Rennes, France
| | - Marie Cordier
- Centre de Crystallographie, Universite Rennes, CNRS, ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes), UMR 6226, F-35700 Rennes, France
| | - Dan Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Dushu Lake Campus, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingming Yao
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Dushu Lake Campus, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Bei Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Dushu Lake Campus, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Evgueni Kirillov
- Universite Rennes, CNRS, ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes), UMR 6226, F-35700 Rennes, France
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35
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Anwar H, Haque RA, Saleem RSZ, Iqbal MA. Recent advances in synthesis of organometallic complexes of indium. REV INORG CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1515/revic-2020-0005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThe indium complexes are being used in many applications like catalysis, optoelectronics, sensors, solar cells, biochemistry, medicine, infrared (IR) mirrors and thin-film transistors (TFTs). In organometallic complexes of indium, it forms different types of complexes with single, double, triple and tetra linkages by coordinating with numerous elements like C, N, O and S and also with some other elements like Se and Ru. So, the present study comprises all the possible ways to synthesize the indium complexes by reacting with different organic ligands; most of them are N-heterocyclic carbenes, amines, amides and phenols. The commonly used solvents for these syntheses are tetrahydrofuran, dichloromethane, toluene, benzene, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and water. According to the nature of the ligands, indium complexes were reported at different temperatures and stirring time. Because of their unique characteristics, the organometallic chemistry of group 13 metal indium complexes remains a subject of continuing interest in synthetic chemistry as well as material science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hira Anwar
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad-38040, Pakistan
- Organometallic and Coordination Chemistry Laboratory, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad-38040, Pakistan
| | - Rosenani A. Haque
- School of Chemical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800-USM, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Rahman Shah Zaib Saleem
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Syed Babar Ali School of Science and Engineering, Lahore University of Management Sciences, Lahore 54792, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Adnan Iqbal
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad-38040, Pakistan
- Organometallic and Coordination Chemistry Laboratory, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad-38040, Pakistan,
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36
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Andrea KA, Beckett AR, Briand GG, Martell SA, Masuda J, Morrison KM, Yammine EM. Synthesis and structural characterization of methylindium imino/aminophenolates: Comparison to aluminum analogues and reactivity toward the coupling reactions of carbon dioxide with epoxides. J Organomet Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2020.121307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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37
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Yang GW, Zhang YY, Xie R, Wu GP. Scalable Bifunctional Organoboron Catalysts for Copolymerization of CO2 and Epoxides with Unprecedented Efficiency. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:12245-12255. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c03651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Guan-Wen Yang
- MOE Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Adsorption and Separation Materials and Technologies of Zhejiang Province, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Yao-Yao Zhang
- MOE Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Adsorption and Separation Materials and Technologies of Zhejiang Province, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Rui Xie
- MOE Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Adsorption and Separation Materials and Technologies of Zhejiang Province, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Guang-Peng Wu
- MOE Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Adsorption and Separation Materials and Technologies of Zhejiang Province, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
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38
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Plommer H, Stein L, Murphy JN, Ikpo N, Mora-Diez N, Kerton FM. Copolymerization of CHO/CO 2 catalyzed by a series of aluminum amino-phenolate complexes and insights into structure-activity relationships. Dalton Trans 2020; 49:6884-6895. [PMID: 32368772 DOI: 10.1039/d0dt00726a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Two series of monometallic aluminum complexes were prepared and characterized by elemental analyses, 1H and 13C{1H} NMR spectroscopy, and X-ray crystallography: Al[L]X, where [L] = dimethylaminoethylamino-N,N-bis(2-methylene-4,6-tert-butylphenolate) and X = Cl, OEt, and Al[L]2Cl, where [L] = 6-{[(2R,6R)-2,6-dimethyl-4-morpholino]methylene}-2,4-bis(tert-butyl)phenolate or 6-(piperidinomethylene)-2-(tert-butyl)-4-(methyl)phenolate. All the complexes, including the previously reported morpholinyl complex Al[L]Cl, where [L] = 4-(2-aminoethyl)morpholinylamino-N,N-bis(2-methylene-4,6-tert-butylphenolate), were tested as catalysts for copolymerization of cyclohexene oxide and CO2 in the presence and absence of PPNCl. When coupled with 1 equiv. PPNCl, the complexes exhibit similar activities and the best selectivity for poly(cyclohexenecarbonate) vs. the cyclic product, cyclohexene carbonate, was obtained with the morpholinyl complex (ca. 90%) whereas significantly lower selectivities (<1-63%) were obtained with the other complexes. Preliminary DFT calculations investigating this difference in selectivity were carried out by analyzing the aluminum partial atomic charges in the Al-carbonate intermediates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hart Plommer
- Department of Chemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL A1B 3X7, Canada.
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39
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Jurrat M, Pointer-Gleadhill BJ, Ball LT, Chapman A, Adriaenssens L. Polyurethanes and Polyallophanates via Sequence-Selective Copolymerization of Epoxides and Isocyanates. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:8136-8141. [PMID: 32311265 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c03520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Aryl isocyanates are introduced as comonomers for ring-opening copolymerization (ROCOP) with epoxides. Informed by studies of reaction kinetics, we show that divergent sequence selectivity for AB- and ABB-type copolymers can be achieved with a single dimagnesium catalyst. The resulting materials respectively constitute a new class of polyurethanes (PUs) and a new class of materials featuring an unprecedented backbone structure, the polyallophanates (PAs). The successful use of isocyanate comonomers in this way marks a new direction for the field of ROCOP while providing distinct opportunities for expansion of PU structural diversity. Specifically, the methodology reported herein delivers PUs featuring fully substituted (tertiary) carbamyl nitrogen atoms, a structural motif that is almost inaccessible via extant polymerization strategies. Thus, in one step from commercially available comonomers, our methodology expands the scope of ROCOP and gives access to diverse materials featuring both privileged (PU) and unexplored (PA) microstructures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Jurrat
- GSK Carbon Neutral Laboratories for Sustainable Chemistry, University of Nottingham, Triumph Road, Nottingham NG7 2TU, U.K.,School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K
| | - Benjamin J Pointer-Gleadhill
- GSK Carbon Neutral Laboratories for Sustainable Chemistry, University of Nottingham, Triumph Road, Nottingham NG7 2TU, U.K.,School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K
| | - Liam T Ball
- GSK Carbon Neutral Laboratories for Sustainable Chemistry, University of Nottingham, Triumph Road, Nottingham NG7 2TU, U.K.,School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K
| | - Andy Chapman
- Faculty of Science, Engineering and Computing, Kingston University, London KT1 2EE, U.K
| | - Louis Adriaenssens
- Joseph Banks Laboratories, School of Chemistry, University of Lincoln, Lincoln LN6 7DL, U.K
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40
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Goonesinghe C, Roshandel H, Diaz C, Jung HJ, Nyamayaro K, Ezhova M, Mehrkhodavandi P. Cationic indium catalysts for ring opening polymerization: tuning reactivity with hemilabile ligands. Chem Sci 2020; 11:6485-6491. [PMID: 34094114 PMCID: PMC8159295 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc01291b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
This is a comprehensive study of the effects of rationally designed hemilabile ligands on the stability, reactivity, and change in catalytic behavior of indium complexes. We report cationic alkyl indium complexes supported by a family of hemi-salen type ligands bearing hemilabile thiophenyl (2a), furfuryl (2b) and pyridyl (2c) pendant donor arms. Shelf-life and stability of these complexes followed the trend 2a < 2b < 2c, showing direct correlation to the affinity of the pendant donor group to the indium center. Reactivity towards polymerization of epichlorohydrin and cyclohexene oxide followed the trend 2a > 2b > 2c with control of polymerization following an inverse relationship to reactivity. Surprisingly, 2c polymerized racemic lactide without an external initiator, likely through an alkyl-initiated coordination-insertion mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hootan Roshandel
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia Vancouver BC Canada
| | - Carlos Diaz
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia Vancouver BC Canada
| | - Hyuk-Joon Jung
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia Vancouver BC Canada
| | - Kudzanai Nyamayaro
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia Vancouver BC Canada
| | - Maria Ezhova
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia Vancouver BC Canada
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41
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Understanding metal synergy in heterodinuclear catalysts for the copolymerization of CO2 and epoxides. Nat Chem 2020; 12:372-380. [DOI: 10.1038/s41557-020-0450-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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42
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Raman SK, Deacy AC, Pena Carrodeguas L, Reis NV, Kerr RWF, Phanopoulos A, Morton S, Davidson MG, Williams CK. Ti(IV)-Tris(phenolate) Catalyst Systems for the Ring-Opening Copolymerization of Cyclohexene Oxide and Carbon Dioxide. Organometallics 2020; 39:1619-1627. [PMID: 32421072 PMCID: PMC7218927 DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.9b00845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
![]()
Titanium(IV)
complexes of amino-tris(phenolate) ligands (LTiX,
X = chloride, isopropoxide) together with bis(triphenylphosphine)iminium
chloride (PPNCl) are active catalyst systems for the ring-opening
copolymerization of carbon dioxide and cyclohexene oxide. They show
moderate activity, with turnover frequency values of ∼60 h–1 (0.02 mol % of catalyst, 80 °C, 40 bar of CO2) and high selectivity (carbonate linkages >90%), but their
absolute performances are lower than those of the most active Ti(IV)
catalyst systems. The reactions proceed with linear evolution of polycarbonate
(PCHC) molar mass with epoxide conversion, consistent with controlled
polymerizations, and evolve bimodal molar mass distributions of PCHC
(up to Mn = 42 kg mol–1). The stoichiometric reaction between [LTiOiPr] and tetraphenylphosphonium chloride, PPh4Cl,
allows isolation of the putative catalytic intermediate [LTi(OiPr)Cl]−, which is characterized
using single-crystal X-ray diffraction techniques. The anionic titanium
complex [LTi(OR)Cl]− is proposed as a model for
the propagating alkoxide intermediates in the catalytic cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumesh K Raman
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K
| | - Arron C Deacy
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K
| | - Leticia Pena Carrodeguas
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K
| | - Natalia V Reis
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K
| | - Ryan W F Kerr
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K
| | - Andreas Phanopoulos
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K
| | - Sebastian Morton
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K
| | - Matthew G Davidson
- Centre for Sustainable Chemical Technologies, Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, U.K
| | - Charlotte K Williams
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K
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43
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Yang J, Hu L, Cao X, Wang Y, Zhang X. An Investigation on the Production of Random Copolymer with Monothiocarbonate and Trithiocarbonate Units over Cyclic Thiocarbonate via Metal‐free Catalysis. CHINESE J CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.201900522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jia‐Liang Yang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and EngineeringZhejiang University Hangzhou Zhejiang 310027 China
| | - Lan‐Fang Hu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and EngineeringZhejiang University Hangzhou Zhejiang 310027 China
| | - Xiao‐Han Cao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and EngineeringZhejiang University Hangzhou Zhejiang 310027 China
| | - Ying Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and EngineeringZhejiang University Hangzhou Zhejiang 310027 China
| | - Xing‐Hong Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and EngineeringZhejiang University Hangzhou Zhejiang 310027 China
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44
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Kayan A. Recent Studies on Single Site Metal Alkoxide Complexes as Catalysts for Ring Opening Polymerization of Cyclic Compounds. CATALYSIS SURVEYS FROM ASIA 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10563-019-09291-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
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45
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Della Monica F, Kleij AW. Mechanistic guidelines in nonreductive conversion of CO2: the case of cyclic carbonates. Catal Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cy00544d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
This perspective provides general mechanistic guidelines for the catalytic formation of cyclic organic carbonates from CO2 and cyclic ethers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Della Monica
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ)
- The Barcelona Institute for Science & Technology (BIST)
- 43007 Tarragona
- Spain
| | - Arjan W. Kleij
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ)
- The Barcelona Institute for Science & Technology (BIST)
- 43007 Tarragona
- Spain
- Catalan Institute for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA)
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46
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Yuntawattana N, McGuire TM, Durr CB, Buchard A, Williams CK. Indium phosphasalen catalysts showing high isoselectivity and activity in racemic lactide and lactone ring opening polymerizations. Catal Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cy01484b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Study of a series of phosphasalen indium alkoxide complexes reveals that the substitution pattern at the phosphorus atoms can deliver outstanding isoselectivity with high rates.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Christopher B. Durr
- Chemistry Research Laboratory
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Oxford
- Oxford
- UK
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47
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Zhang CJ, Cao XH, Zhang XH. Metal-Free Alternating Copolymerization of Nonstrained γ-Selenobutyrolactone with Epoxides for Selenium-Rich Polyesters. Macromolecules 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.9b02025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Jian Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Xiao-Han Cao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Xing-Hong Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
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48
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Deacy AC, Durr CB, Williams CK. Heterodinuclear complexes featuring Zn(ii) and M = Al(iii), Ga(iii) or In(iii) for cyclohexene oxide and CO 2 copolymerisation. Dalton Trans 2019; 49:223-231. [PMID: 31815257 DOI: 10.1039/c9dt02918d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The ring opening copolymerisation of CO2 and epoxides is a useful means to valorise waste emissions and to reduce pollution in polymer manufacturing. Heterodinuclear catalysts, particularly those of Zn(ii)/Mg(ii), have shown better performances than homodinuclear analogues in this reaction. As part of on-going efforts to better understand the catalytic synergy, this work describes a series of heterodinuclear complexes, combining Zn(ii) with a metal from Group 13 (M = Al(iii), Ga(iii) or In(iii)). The complexes are synthesised from a symmetrical macrocyclic ligand in high yields via sequential metalation steps and are the thermodynamic reaction products. The Zn(ii)/Group 13 complexes are effective homogeneous catalysts for the ring opening copolymerisation (ROCOP) of cyclohexene oxide at 1 bar pressure of carbon dioxide, but all show inferior performances compared to the di-zinc analogue. The CO2 uptake into the polymer increases in the order Al(iii) < Ga(iii) < In(iii) which is attributed to lower Lewis acidity heavier Group 13 homologues showing a reduced tendency to form ether linkages. Concurrently, polycarbonate activity increases down the Group 13 series consistent with weaker metal-oxygen bonds which show enhanced lability to insertion reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arron C Deacy
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, 12 Mansfield Rd, Oxford OX1 3TA, UK.
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49
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Andrea KA, Plommer H, Kerton FM. Ring-opening polymerizations and copolymerizations of epoxides using aluminum- and boron-centered catalysts. Eur Polym J 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2019.08.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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50
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Li NN, Li XL, Xu L, Liu N, Wu ZQ. Highly Enantioselective and Helix-Sense-Controlled Synthesis of Stereoregular Helical Polycarbenes Using Chiral Palladium(II) Catalysts. Macromolecules 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.9b01682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nian-Nian Li
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, and Anhui Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Reaction Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, Anhui Province, China
| | - Xue-Liang Li
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, and Anhui Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Reaction Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, Anhui Province, China
| | - Lei Xu
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, and Anhui Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Reaction Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, Anhui Province, China
| | - Na Liu
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, and Anhui Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Reaction Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, Anhui Province, China
| | - Zong-Quan Wu
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, and Anhui Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Reaction Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, Anhui Province, China
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