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Benítez M, Buil ML, Esteruelas MA, López AM, Martín-Escura C, Oñate E. C-H, N-H, and O-H Bond Activations to Prepare Phosphorescent Hydride-Iridium(III)-Phosphine Emitters with Photocatalytic Achievement in C-C Coupling Reactions. Inorg Chem 2024; 63:6346-6361. [PMID: 38546839 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.4c00115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
Complex IrH5(PiPr3)2 (1) activates two different σ-bonds of 3-phenoxy-1-phenylisoquinoline, 2-(1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)-6-phenylpyridine, 2-(1H-indol-2-yl)-6-phenylpyridine, 2-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-6-phenylpyridine, N-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-N'-phenylimidazolylidene, and 1,3-di(2-pyridyl)-4,6-dimethylbenzene to give IrH{κ3-C,N,C-[C6H4-isoqui-O-C6H4]}(PiPr3)2 (2), IrH{κ3-N,N,C-[NBzim-py-C6H4]}(PiPr3)2 (3), IrH{κ3-N,N,C-[Ind-py-C6H4]}(PiPr3)2 (4), IrH{κ3-C,N,O-[C6H4-py-C6H4O]}(PiPr3)2 (5), IrH{κ3-C,C,O-[C6H4-Im-C6H4O]}(PiPr3)2 (6), and IrH{κ3-N,C,C-[py-C6HMe2-C5H3N]}(PiPr3)2 (7), respectively. The activations are sequential, with the second generally being the slowest. Accordingly, dihydride intermediates IrH2{κ2-C,N-[C6H4-isoqui-O-C6H5]}(PiPr3)2 (2d), IrH2{κ2-N,N-[NBzim-py-C6H5]}(PiPr3)2 (3d), IrH2{κ2-N,N-[Ind-py-C6H5]}(PiPr3)2 (4d), and IrH2{κ2-N,C-[py-C6HMe2-py]}(PiPr3)2 (7d) were characterized spectroscopically. Complexes 3 and 5 are green phosphorescent emitters upon photoexcitation, exhibiting good absorption over a wide range of wavelengths, emission quantum yields about 0.70 in solution, long enough lifetimes (10-17 μs), and reversible electrochemical behavior. In agreement with these features, complex 3 promotes the photocatalytic α-amino C(sp3)-H arylation of N,N-dimethylaniline and N-phenylpiperidine with 1,4-dicyanobenzene and 4-cyanopyridine under blue LED light irradiation. The C-C coupling products are isolated in high yields with only 2 mol % of photocatalyst after 24 h.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Benítez
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH), Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Universidad de Zaragoza-CSIC, Zaragoza 50009, Spain
| | - María L Buil
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH), Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Universidad de Zaragoza-CSIC, Zaragoza 50009, Spain
| | - Miguel A Esteruelas
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH), Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Universidad de Zaragoza-CSIC, Zaragoza 50009, Spain
| | - Ana M López
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH), Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Universidad de Zaragoza-CSIC, Zaragoza 50009, Spain
| | - Cristina Martín-Escura
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH), Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Universidad de Zaragoza-CSIC, Zaragoza 50009, Spain
| | - Enrique Oñate
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH), Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Universidad de Zaragoza-CSIC, Zaragoza 50009, Spain
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2
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Nguyen YH, Wu Y, Dang VQ, Jiang C, Teets TS. Combined Nucleophilic and Electrophilic Functionalization to Optimize Blue Phosphorescence in Cyclometalated Platinum Complexes. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:9224-9229. [PMID: 38517326 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c00203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
Ligand-based functionalization strategies have emerged as powerful approaches to tune and optimize blue phosphorescence, which can involve nucleophilic addition to coordinated ligands or electrophilic functionalization via the coordination of exogenous Lewis acids. Whereas both have been used separately to enhance the photophysical properties of organometallic compounds with high-energy triplet states, in this work, we show that these two strategies can be used together on the same platform. Isocyanide-supported cyclometalated platinum compounds undergo nucleophilic addition with diethylamine to form a strong σ-donor acyclic diaminocarbene-supporting ligand. In a subsequent step, a cyanide ancillary ligand is converted into a more strongly π-acidic isocyanoborate via the coordination of a borane Lewis acid. Importantly, both of these ligand-based functionalization steps improve the quantum yields and lifetimes of the blue-phosphorescent complexes. This synergy results in complexes with photoluminescence quantum yields up to 0.40 for deep blue and 0.75 for sky blue regions and PL lifetimes on the order of 10-5 s.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yennie H Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, 3585 Cullen Blvd. Room 112, Houston, Texas 77204-5003, United States
| | - Yanyu Wu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, 3585 Cullen Blvd. Room 112, Houston, Texas 77204-5003, United States
| | - Vinh Q Dang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, 3585 Cullen Blvd. Room 112, Houston, Texas 77204-5003, United States
| | - Chenggang Jiang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, 3585 Cullen Blvd. Room 112, Houston, Texas 77204-5003, United States
| | - Thomas S Teets
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, 3585 Cullen Blvd. Room 112, Houston, Texas 77204-5003, United States
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3
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Kashina MV, Luzyanin KV, Dar'in DV, Bezzubov SI, Kinzhalov MA. Phosphorescent Cyclometalated Palladium(II) and Platinum(II) Complexes Derived from Diaminocarbene Precursors. Inorg Chem 2024; 63:5315-5319. [PMID: 38470336 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c03346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
Metal-mediated self-assembly of isocyanides and methyl 4-aminopyrimidine-5-carboxylate leads to luminescent PdII and PtII complexes featuring C,N-cyclometalated acyclic diaminocarbene (ADC) ligands. The solid-state luminescent properties of these diaminocarbene derivatives are attributed to their triplet-state metal/metal-to-ligand charge-transfer (3MMLCT) nature, which is driven by attractive intermolecular M···M interactions further reinforced by the intramolecular π-π interactions even in the structure of the Pd compound, which is the first Pd-ADC phosphor reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria V Kashina
- St. Petersburg University, 7-9 Universitetskaya Nab., St. Petersburg 199034, Russian Federation
| | - Konstantin V Luzyanin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool L69 7ZD, United Kingdom
| | - Dmitry V Dar'in
- St. Petersburg University, 7-9 Universitetskaya Nab., St. Petersburg 199034, Russian Federation
| | - Stanislav I Bezzubov
- Kurnakov Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninskii Prosp. 31, Moscow 119991, Russian Federation
| | - Mikhail A Kinzhalov
- St. Petersburg University, 7-9 Universitetskaya Nab., St. Petersburg 199034, Russian Federation
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Rzepiela J, Liberka M, Zychowicz M, Wang J, Tokoro H, Piotrowska K, Baś S, Ohkoshi SI, Chorazy S. SHG-active luminescent thermometers based on chiral cyclometalated dicyanidoiridate(iii) complexes. Inorg Chem Front 2024; 11:1366-1380. [PMID: 38420599 PMCID: PMC10897766 DOI: 10.1039/d3qi02482b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Multifunctional optical materials can be realized by combining stimuli-responsive photoluminescence (PL), e.g., optical thermometry, with non-linear optical (NLO) effects, such as second-harmonic generation (SHG). We report a novel approach towards SHG-active luminescent thermometers achieved by constructing unique iridium(iii) complexes, cis-[IrIII(CN)2(R,R-pinppy)2]- (R,R-pinppy = (R,R)-2-phenyl-4,5-pinenopyridine), bearing both a chiral 2-phenylpyridine derivative and cyanido ligands, the latter enabling the formation of a series of molecular materials: (TBA)[IrIII(CN)2(R,R-pinppy)2]·2MeCN (1) (TBA+ = tetrabutylammonium) and (nBu-DABCO)2[IrIII(CN)2(R,R-pinppy)2](i)·MeCN (2) (nBu-DABCO+ = 1-(n-butyl)-1,4-diazabicyclo-[2.2.2]octan-1-ium) hybrid salts, (TBA)2{[LaIII(NO3)3(H2O)0.5]2[IrIII(CN)2(R,R-pinppy)2]2} (3) square molecules, and {[LaIII(NO3)2(dmf)3][IrIII(CN)2(R,R-pinppy)2]}·MeCN (4) coordination chains. Thanks to the chiral pinene group, 1-4 crystallize in non-centrosymmetric space groups leading to SHG activity, while the N,C-coordination of ppy-type ligands to Ir(iii) centers generates visible charge-transfer (CT) photoluminescence. The PL characteristics are distinctly temperature-dependent which was utilized in achieving ratiometric optical thermometry below 220 K. The PL phenomena were rationalized by DFT/TD-DFT calculations indicating an MLCT-type of the emission in obtained Ir(iii) complexes with the rich vibronic structure providing a few emission bands that variously depend on temperature due to the role of thermally activated vibrations. As these crucial vibrational modes depend on the crystal lattice, the thermometry performance differs within 1-4 being the most efficient in 4 while the SHG is by far the best also for 4. This proves that pinene-functionalized cyclometalated dicyanidoiridates(iii) are great prerequisites for tunable PL-NLO conjunction with the most effective multifunctionality ensured by the insertion of these anions into bimetallic frameworks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Rzepiela
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University Gronostajowa 2 30-387 Kraków Poland
- Jagiellonian University, Doctoral School of Exact and Natural Sciences Łojasiewicza 11 30-348 Kraków Poland
| | - Michal Liberka
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University Gronostajowa 2 30-387 Kraków Poland
- Jagiellonian University, Doctoral School of Exact and Natural Sciences Łojasiewicza 11 30-348 Kraków Poland
| | - Mikolaj Zychowicz
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University Gronostajowa 2 30-387 Kraków Poland
- Jagiellonian University, Doctoral School of Exact and Natural Sciences Łojasiewicza 11 30-348 Kraków Poland
| | - Junhao Wang
- Department of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba 1-1-1 Tennodai Tsukuba Ibaraki 305-8573 Japan
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, The University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-0033 Japan
| | - Hiroko Tokoro
- Department of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba 1-1-1 Tennodai Tsukuba Ibaraki 305-8573 Japan
| | - Kinga Piotrowska
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University Gronostajowa 2 30-387 Kraków Poland
- Jagiellonian University, Doctoral School of Exact and Natural Sciences Łojasiewicza 11 30-348 Kraków Poland
| | - Sebastian Baś
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University Gronostajowa 2 30-387 Kraków Poland
| | - Shin-Ichi Ohkoshi
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, The University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-0033 Japan
| | - Szymon Chorazy
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University Gronostajowa 2 30-387 Kraków Poland
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Jiang C, Cañada LM, Nguyen NB, Halamicek MDS, Nguyen SH, Teets TS. Substituent-Dependent Azide Addition to Isocyanides Generates Strongly Luminescent Iridium Complexes. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:1227-1235. [PMID: 36603163 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c11062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Ligand-centered functionalization reactions offer diverse strategies to prepare luminescent organometallic compounds. These compounds can have unique structures that are not accessible via traditional coordination chemistry and can possess enhanced or unusual photophysical properties. Here we show that bis-cyclometalated iridium bis-isocyanide complexes (1) react with azide (N3-) to form novel luminescent structures. The fate of the reaction with azide is determined primarily by the substituent on the aryl isocyanide. Those with electron-withdrawing substituents (CF3 or NO2) react with 1 equiv of azide followed by N2 extrusion, forming aryl cyanamido products (2). With electron-donating groups on the aryl isocyanide the reactivity is more diverse, and three outcomes are possible. In two cases, the isocyanide and azide undergo a [3 + 2] cycloaddition to form a C-bound tetrazolato structure (3). In three other cases, 2 equiv of azide are involved in the formation of a previously unobserved structure, where a tetrazolato and aryl cyanamido couple and rearrange to form a chelating ligand comprised of an N-bound tetrazolato and an acyclic diaminocarbene (4). Finally, a bimetallic aryl cyanamido complex (5) is isolated in one case. All compounds are luminescent, some with exceptional photoluminescence quantum yields as high as 0.81 in solution for sky-blue emission, and 0.87 for yellow emission and 0.65 for orange-red emission in polymer films.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenggang Jiang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, 3585 Cullen Blvd. Room 112, Houston, Texas 77204-5003, United States
| | - Louise M Cañada
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, 3585 Cullen Blvd. Room 112, Houston, Texas 77204-5003, United States
| | - Ngoc Bao Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, 3585 Cullen Blvd. Room 112, Houston, Texas 77204-5003, United States
| | - Michael D S Halamicek
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, 3585 Cullen Blvd. Room 112, Houston, Texas 77204-5003, United States
| | - Sami H Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, 3585 Cullen Blvd. Room 112, Houston, Texas 77204-5003, United States
| | - Thomas S Teets
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, 3585 Cullen Blvd. Room 112, Houston, Texas 77204-5003, United States
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Amouri H. Luminescent Complexes of Platinum, Iridium, and Coinage Metals Containing N-Heterocyclic Carbene Ligands: Design, Structural Diversity, and Photophysical Properties. Chem Rev 2023; 123:230-270. [PMID: 36315851 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The employment of N-heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs) to design luminescent metal compounds has been the focus of recent intense investigations because of the strong σ-donor properties, which bring stability to the whole system and tend to push the d-d dark states so high in energy that they are rendered thermally inaccessible, thereby generating highly emissive complexes for useful applications such as organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs), or featuring chiroptical properties, a field that is still in its infancy. Among the NHC complexes, those containing organic chromophores such as naphthalimide, pyrene, and carbazole exhibit rich emission behavior and thus have attracted extensive interest in the past five years, especially carbene coinage metal complexes with carbazolate ligands. In this review, the design strategies of NHC-based luminescent platinum and iridium complexes with large spin-orbit-coupling (SOC) are described first. Subsequent paragraphs illustrate the recent advances of luminescent coinage metal complexes with nucleophilic- and electrophilic-based carbenes based on silver, gold, and copper metal complexes that have the ability to display rich excited state emissions in particular via thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF). The luminescence mechanism and excited state dynamics are also described. We then summarize the advance of NHC-metal complexes in the aforementioned fields in recent years. Finally, we propose the development trend of this fast-growing field of luminescent NHC-metal complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hani Amouri
- CNRS, IPCM (UMR 8232), Sorbonne Université-Faculté des Sciences et Ingénerie Campus Pierre et Marie Curie, 4 Place Jussieu, 75252 Paris, Cedex 05, France
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7
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Liu S, Wang M, Wang Y, Hou T, Shen X. Novel deep red to near-infrared phosphorescent iridium(III) complexes bearing pyrenyl: syntheses, structures and modulation of the photophysical properties. INORG CHEM COMMUN 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.inoche.2023.110460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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8
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Lin C, Wang J, Yang K, Liu J, Ma DL, Leung CH, Wang W. Development of a NIR iridium(III) complex for self-calibrated and luminogenic detection of boron trifluoride. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2022; 282:121658. [PMID: 35905613 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2022.121658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Boron trifluoride (BF3) is a potential environmental pollutant, and excess exposure to it may cause human diseases. However, the sensitive, rapid and accurate detection of BF3 for on-site purposes is still a challenge. In this work, we developed the first NIR iridium(III)-based probe with dual emission and a Stokes shift of 370 nm for self-calibrated and luminogenic detection of BF3. This probe exhibited a strong luminescence enhancement at around 650 nm to BF3 (0-100 μM) with almost no change in luminescence at 475 nm, displaying a 220-fold I650 nm/I475 nm enhancement at 100 μM of BF3 with a detection limit of 0.35 μM. Moreover, the probe showed a fast response time of less than 5 s to BF3 along with an obvious color change under UV irradiation for visual detection. Importantly, the desirable photophysical properties of the iridium(III)-based probe can be harnessed for time-resolved detection of BF3 in the presence of the fluorescence background. The applicability of the probe was further verified in an organic solvent waste-spiked system and on a glass pane. This work will provide a solid basis for the development of sensitive and on-site BF3 sensing toolkits for environmental monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuankai Lin
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Materials Chemistry, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou 341000, China; Institute of Medical Research, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710072, China; Northwestern Polytechnical University Chongqing Technology Innovation Center, Chongqing 400000, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Institute of Medical Research, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710072, China; Northwestern Polytechnical University Chongqing Technology Innovation Center, Chongqing 400000, China
| | - Kai Yang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255049, China
| | - Jinbiao Liu
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Materials Chemistry, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou 341000, China.
| | - Dik-Lung Ma
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Chung-Hang Leung
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau.
| | - Wanhe Wang
- Institute of Medical Research, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710072, China; Northwestern Polytechnical University Chongqing Technology Innovation Center, Chongqing 400000, China.
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9
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Benítez M, Buil ML, Esteruelas MA, Izquierdo S, Oñate E, Tsai JY. Acetylides for the Preparation of Phosphorescent Iridium(III) Complexes: Iridaoxazoles and Their Transformation into Hydroxycarbenes and N,C(sp3),C(sp2),O-Tetradentate Ligands. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:19597-19611. [PMID: 36416194 PMCID: PMC9949702 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c03522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The preparation of three families of phosphorescent iridium(III) emitters, including iridaoxazole derivatives, hydroxycarbene compounds, and N,C(sp3),C(sp2),O-tetradentate containing complexes, has been performed starting from dimers cis-[Ir(μ2-η2-C≡CR){κ2-C,N-(MeC6H3-py)}2]2 (R = tBu (1a), Ph (1b)). Reactions of 1a with benzamide, acetamide, phenylacetamide, and trifluoroacetamide lead to the iridaoxazole derivatives Ir{κ2-C,O-[C(CH2tBu)NC(R)O]}{κ2-C,N-(MeC6H3-py)}2 (R = Ph (2), Me (3), CH2Ph (4), CF3 (5)) with a fac disposition of carbons and heteroatoms around the metal center. In 2-methyltetrahydrofuran and dichloromethane, water promotes the C-N rupture of the IrC-N bond of the iridaoxazole ring of 3-5 to form amidate-iridium(III)-hydroxycarbene derivatives Ir{κ1-N-[NHC(R)O]}{κ2-C,N-(MeC6H3-py)}2{═C(CH2tBu)OH} (R = Me (6), CH2Ph (7), CF3 (8)). In contrast to 1a, dimer 1b reacts with benzamide and acetamide to give Ir{κ4-N,C,C',O-[py-MeC6H3-C(CH2-C6H4)NHC(R)O]}{κ2-C,N-(MeC6H3-py)}(R = Ph (9), Me (10)), which bear a N,C(sp3),C(sp2),O-tetradentate ligand resulting from a triple coupling (an alkynyl ligand, an amide, and a coordinated aryl group) and a C-H bond activation at the metal coordination sphere. Complexes 2-4 and 6-10 are emissive upon photoexcitation, in orange (2-4), green (6-8), and yellow (9 and 10) regions, with quantum yields between low and moderate (0.01-0.50) and short lifetimes (0.2-9.0 μs).
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Affiliation(s)
- María Benítez
- Departamento
de Química Inorgánica, Instituto de Síntesis
Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH), Centro
de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Universidad de Zaragoza−CSIC, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - María L. Buil
- Departamento
de Química Inorgánica, Instituto de Síntesis
Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH), Centro
de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Universidad de Zaragoza−CSIC, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Miguel A. Esteruelas
- Departamento
de Química Inorgánica, Instituto de Síntesis
Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH), Centro
de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Universidad de Zaragoza−CSIC, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain,
| | - Susana Izquierdo
- Departamento
de Química Inorgánica, Instituto de Síntesis
Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH), Centro
de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Universidad de Zaragoza−CSIC, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Enrique Oñate
- Departamento
de Química Inorgánica, Instituto de Síntesis
Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH), Centro
de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Universidad de Zaragoza−CSIC, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Jui-Yi Tsai
- Universal
Display Corporation, Ewing, New Jersey 08618, United States
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Jiang C, Cañada LM, Nguyen NB, Teets TS. Luminescent “Chugaev-type” Cyclometalated Iridium(III) Complexes Synthesized by Nucleophilic Addition of Hydrazine. J Organomet Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2022.122561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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11
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Moura NMM, Serra VV, Bastos A, Biazotto JC, Castro KADF, Faustino MAF, Lodeiro C, da Silva RS, Neves MDGPMS. New Bis-Cyclometalated Iridium(III) Complexes with β-Substituted Porphyrin-Arylbipyridine as the Ancillary Ligand: Electrochemical and Photophysical Insights. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23147606. [PMID: 35886956 PMCID: PMC9319630 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23147606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
An efficient synthetic access to new cationic porphyrin-bipyridine iridium(III) bis-cyclometalated complexes was developed. These porphyrins bearing arylbipyridine moieties at β-pyrrolic positions coordinated with iridium(III), and the corresponding Zn(II) porphyrin complexes were spectroscopically, electrochemically, and electronically characterized. The features displayed by the new cyclometalated porphyrin-bipyridine iridium(III) complexes, namely photoinduced electron transfer process (PET), and a remarkable efficiency to generate 1O2, allowing us to envisage new challenges and opportunities for their applications in several fields, such as photo(catalysis) and photodynamic therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuno M. M. Moura
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (M.A.F.F.); (M.d.G.P.M.S.N.)
- Correspondence: (N.M.M.M.); (V.V.S.); Tel.: +351-234-370-710 (N.M.M.M.)
| | - Vanda Vaz Serra
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Institute of Molecular Sciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
- Correspondence: (N.M.M.M.); (V.V.S.); Tel.: +351-234-370-710 (N.M.M.M.)
| | - Alexandre Bastos
- CICECO, Department of Materials and Ceramic Engineering, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal;
| | - Juliana C. Biazotto
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 14040-903, Brazil; (J.C.B.); (K.A.D.F.C.); (R.S.d.S.)
| | - Kelly A. D. F. Castro
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 14040-903, Brazil; (J.C.B.); (K.A.D.F.C.); (R.S.d.S.)
| | - Maria Amparo F. Faustino
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (M.A.F.F.); (M.d.G.P.M.S.N.)
| | - Carlos Lodeiro
- BIOSCOPE Group, LAQV-REQUIMTE, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science and Technology, University NOVA of Lisbon, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal;
- ProteoMass Scientific Society, Madan Park, Rua dos Inventores, 2825-182 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Roberto S. da Silva
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 14040-903, Brazil; (J.C.B.); (K.A.D.F.C.); (R.S.d.S.)
| | - Maria da Graça P. M. S. Neves
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (M.A.F.F.); (M.d.G.P.M.S.N.)
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12
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Sun X, Peng L, Gao Y, Ye J, Cui G. Theoretical studies on
excited‐state
properties and luminescence mechanism of a
Carbene–Metal–Amide
Au(I) complex with thermally activated delayed fluorescence. J CHIN CHEM SOC-TAIP 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/jccs.202200193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xin‐Wei Sun
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University Beijing PR China
| | - Ling‐Ya Peng
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University Beijing PR China
| | - Yuan‐Jun Gao
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University Beijing PR China
| | - Jin‐Ting Ye
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University Beijing PR China
| | - Ganglong Cui
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University Beijing PR China
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13
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Nguyen YH, Soares JV, Nguyen SH, Wu Y, Wu JI, Teets TS. Platinum(II)-Substituted Phenylacetylide Complexes Supported by Acyclic Diaminocarbene Ligands. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:8498-8508. [PMID: 35609301 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c00510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
We introduce phosphorescent platinum aryl acetylide complexes supported by tert-butyl-isocyanide and strongly σ-donating acyclic diaminocarbene (ADC) ligands. The precursor complexes cis-[Pt(CNtBu)2(C≡CAr)2] (4a-4f) are treated with diethylamine, which undergoes nucleophilic addition with one of the isocyanides to form the cis-[Pt(CNtBu)(ADC)(C≡CAr)2] complexes (5a-5f). The new compounds incorporate either electron-donating groups (4-OMe and 4-NMe2) or electron-withdrawing groups [3,5-(OMe)2, 3,5-(CF3)2, 4-CN, and 4-NO2] on the aryl acetylide. Experimental HOMO-LUMO gaps, estimated from cyclic voltammetry, span the range of 2.68-3.61 eV and are in most cases smaller than the unsubstituted parent complex, as corroborated by DFT. In the ADC complexes, peak photoluminescence wavelengths span the range of 428 nm (2a, unsubstituted phenylacetylide) to 525 nm (5f, 4-NO2-substituted), with the substituents inducing a red shift in all cases. The phosphorescence E0,0 values and electrochemical HOMO-LUMO gaps are loosely correlated, showing that both can be reduced by either electron-donating or electron-withdrawing substituents on the aryl acetylides. The photoluminescence quantum yields in the ADC complexes are between 0.044 and 0.31 and the lifetimes are between 4.8 and 14 μs, a factor of 1.8-10× higher (for ΦPL) and 1.2-3.6× longer (for τ) than the respective isocyanide precursor (ΦPL = 0.014-0.12, τ = 2.8-8.2 μs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yennie H Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, 3585 Cullen Blvd., Room 112, Houston, Texas 77204-5003, United States
| | - João Vitor Soares
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, 3585 Cullen Blvd., Room 112, Houston, Texas 77204-5003, United States
| | - Sami H Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, 3585 Cullen Blvd., Room 112, Houston, Texas 77204-5003, United States
| | - Yanyu Wu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, 3585 Cullen Blvd., Room 112, Houston, Texas 77204-5003, United States
| | - Judy I Wu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, 3585 Cullen Blvd., Room 112, Houston, Texas 77204-5003, United States
| | - Thomas S Teets
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, 3585 Cullen Blvd., Room 112, Houston, Texas 77204-5003, United States
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14
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Adamovich V, Benítez M, Boudreault PL, Buil ML, Esteruelas MA, Oñate E, Tsai JY. Alkynyl Ligands as Building Blocks for the Preparation of Phosphorescent Iridium(III) Emitters: Alternative Synthetic Precursors and Procedures. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:9019-9033. [PMID: 35438993 PMCID: PMC9490848 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c00197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Alkynyl ligands stabilize
dimers [Ir(μ-X)(3b)2]2 with a cis disposition
of the heterocycles of the 3b
ligands, in contrast to chloride. Thus, the complexes of this class—cis-[Ir(μ2-η2-C≡CPh){κ2-C,N-(C6H4-Isoqui)}2]2 (Isoqui = isoquinoline)
and cis-[Ir(μ2-η2-C≡CR){κ2-C,N-(MeC6H3-py)}2]2 (R =
Ph, tBu)—have been prepared in
high yields, starting from the dihydroxo-bridged dimers trans-[Ir(μ-OH){κ2-C,N-(C6H4-Isoqui)}2]2 and trans-[Ir(μ-OH){κ2-C,N-(MeC6H3-py)}2]2 and terminal alkynes. Subsequently, the acetylide ligands
have been employed as building blocks to prepare the orange and green
iridium(III) phosphorescent emitters, Ir{κ2-C,N-[C(CH2Ph)Npy]}{κ2-C,N-(C6H4-Isoqui)}2 and Ir{κ2-C,N-[C(CH2R)Npy]}{κ2-C,N-(MeC6H3-py)}2 (R = Ph, tBu), respectively,
with an octahedral structure of fac carbon and nitrogen
atoms. The green emitter Ir{κ2-C,N-[C(CH2tBu)Npy]}{κ2-C,N-(MeC6H3-py)}2 reaches 100% of quantum
yield in both the poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) film and 2-MeTHF
at room temperature. In organic light-emitting diode (OLED) devices,
it demonstrates very saturated green emission at a peak wavelength
of 500 nm, with an external quantum efficiency (EQE) of over 12% or
luminous efficacy of 30.7 cd/A. Acetylide
ligands have been employed as building blocks
to prepare orange and green iridium(III) phosphorescent emitters,
with an octahedral structure of fac carbon and nitrogen
atoms. In OLED devices, the emitter Ir{κ2-C,N-[C(CH2tBu)Npy]}{κ2-C,N-(MeC6H3-py)}2 demonstrates
very saturated green emission at a peak wavelength of 500 nm, with
a luminous efficacy of 30.7 cd/A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vadim Adamovich
- Universal Display Corporation, Ewing, New Jersey 08618, United States
| | - María Benítez
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH), Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Universidad de Zaragoza─CSIC, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | | | - María L Buil
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH), Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Universidad de Zaragoza─CSIC, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Miguel A Esteruelas
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH), Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Universidad de Zaragoza─CSIC, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Enrique Oñate
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH), Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Universidad de Zaragoza─CSIC, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Jui-Yi Tsai
- Universal Display Corporation, Ewing, New Jersey 08618, United States
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15
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Martìnez-Vollbert E, Ciambrone C, Lafargue-Dit-Hauret W, Latouche C, Loiseau F, Lanoë PH. Bis-Heteroleptic Cationic Iridium(III) Complexes Featuring Cyclometalating 2-Phenylbenzimidazole Ligands: A Combined Experimental and Theoretical Study. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:3033-3049. [PMID: 35143722 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c02968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In this report, we investigate a new family of cationic iridium(III) complexes featuring the cyclometalating ligand 2-phenylbenzimidazole and ancillary ligand 4,4'-dimethyl-2,2'-bipyridine. Our benchmark complex IrL12 (L1 = 2-phenylbenzimidazole) displays emission properties similar to those of the archetypical complex 2,2'-dipyridylbis(2',4'-phenylpyridine)iridium(III) in deaerated CH3CN (Φ = 0.20, λem = 584 nm and Φ = 0.14, λem = 585 nm, respectively) but exhibits a higher photoluminescence quantum yield in deaerated CH2Cl2 (Φ = 0.32, λem = 566 nm and Φ = 0.20, λem = 595 nm, respectively) and especially a lower nonradiative constant (knr = 6.6 × 105 s-1 vs knr = 1.4 × 106 s-1, respectively). As a primary investigation, we explored the influence of the introduction of electron-donating and electron-withdrawing groups on the benzimidazole moiety and the synergetic effect of the substitution of the cyclometalating phenyl moiety at the para position with the same substituents. The emission energy displays very good correlation with the Hammett constants of the introduced substituents as well as with ΔEredox values, which allow us to ascribe the phosphorescence of these series to emanate mainly from a mixed metal/ligand to ligand charge transfer triplet excited state (3M/LLCT*). Two complexes (IrL52 and IrL82) display a switch of the lowest triplet excited state from 3M/LLCT* to ligand centered (3LC*), from the less polar CH2Cl2 to the more polar CH3CN. The observed results are supported by (TD)-DFT computations considering the vibrational contributions to the electronic transitions. Chromaticity diagrams based on the maximum emission wavelength of the recorded and simulated phosphorescence spectra demonstrate the strong promise of our complexes as emitting materials, together with the very good agreement between experimental and theoretical results.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Camille Latouche
- Université de Nantes, CNRS, Institut des Matériaux Jean Rouxel, IMN, F-44000 Nantes, France
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16
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Kinzhalov MA, Luzyanin KV. Synthesis and Contemporary Applications of Platinum Group Metals Complexes with Acyclic Diaminocarbene Ligands (Review). RUSS J INORG CHEM+ 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s0036023622010065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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17
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Kinzhalov MA, Grachova EV, Luzyanin KV. Tuning the luminescence of transition metal complexes with acyclic diaminocarbene ligands. Inorg Chem Front 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d1qi01288f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Organometallics featuring acyclic diaminocarbene ligands have recently emerged as powerful emitters for use in electroluminescent technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikhail A. Kinzhalov
- St Petersburg University, 7/9 Universitetskaya Nab., Saint Petersburg, 199034, Russia
| | - Elena V. Grachova
- St Petersburg University, 7/9 Universitetskaya Nab., Saint Petersburg, 199034, Russia
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18
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Sutton GD, Olumba ME, Nguyen YH, Teets TS. The diverse functions of isocyanides in phosphorescent metal complexes. Dalton Trans 2021; 50:17851-17863. [PMID: 34787613 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt03312c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In this Perspective, we highlight many examples of photoluminescent metal complexes supported by isocyanides, with an emphasis on recent developments including several from our own group. Work in this field has shown that the isocyanide can play important structural roles, both as a terminal ligand and as a bridging ligand for polynuclear structures, and can influence the excited-state character and excited-state dynamics. In addition, there are many examples of isocyanide-supported complexes where the isocyanide serves as a chromophoric ligand, meaning the low-energy excited states that are important in the photochemistry are partially or completely localized on the isocyanide. Finally, an emerging trend in the design of luminescent compounds is to use the isocyanide as an electrophilic precursor, converted to an acyclic carbene by nucleophilic addition which imparts certain photophysical advantages. This Perspective aims to show the diverse roles played by isocyanides in the design of luminescent compounds, showcasing the recent developments that have led to a substantial growth in fundamental knowledge, function, and applications related to photoluminescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory D Sutton
- University of Houston, Department of Chemistry, 3585 Cullen Blvd., Room 112, Houston, TX 77204-5003, USA.
| | - Morris E Olumba
- University of Houston, Department of Chemistry, 3585 Cullen Blvd., Room 112, Houston, TX 77204-5003, USA.
| | - Yennie H Nguyen
- University of Houston, Department of Chemistry, 3585 Cullen Blvd., Room 112, Houston, TX 77204-5003, USA.
| | - Thomas S Teets
- University of Houston, Department of Chemistry, 3585 Cullen Blvd., Room 112, Houston, TX 77204-5003, USA.
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19
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Han J, Cheng SC, Yiu SM, Tse MK, Ko CC. Luminescent monomeric and dimeric Ru(ii) acyclic carbene complexes as selective sensors for NH 3/amine vapor and humidity. Chem Sci 2021; 12:14103-14110. [PMID: 34760194 PMCID: PMC8565393 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc04074j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
A new class of luminescent bis(bipyridyl) Ru(ii) pyridyl acyclic carbene complexes with environmentally-sensitive dimerization equilibrium have been developed. Owing to the involvement of the orbitals of the diaminocarbene ligand in the emissive excited state, the phosphorescence properties of these complexes are strongly affected by H-bonding interactions with various H-bonding donor/acceptor molecules. With the remarkable differences in the emission properties of the monomer, dimer, and H-bonded amine adducts together with the change of the dimerization equilibrium, these complexes can be used as luminescent gas sensors for humidity, ammonia, and amine vapors. With the responses to amines and humidity and the corresponding change in the luminescence properties, a proof-of-principle for binary optical data storage with a reversible concealment process has been described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingqi Han
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong Tat Chee Avenue Kowloon Hong Kong China
| | - Shun-Cheung Cheng
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong Tat Chee Avenue Kowloon Hong Kong China
| | - Shek-Man Yiu
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong Tat Chee Avenue Kowloon Hong Kong China
| | - Man-Kit Tse
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong Tat Chee Avenue Kowloon Hong Kong China
| | - Chi-Chiu Ko
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong Tat Chee Avenue Kowloon Hong Kong China
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20
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Altinolcek N, Battal A, Tavasli M, Cameron J, Peveler WJ, Yu HA, Skabara PJ, Fairbairn NJ, Hedley GJ. A red-orange carbazole-based iridium(III) complex: Synthesis, thermal, optical and electrochemical properties and OLED application. J Organomet Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2021.122004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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21
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She Y, Xu K, Fang X, Yang YF, Lou W, Hu Y, Zhang Q, Li G. Tetradentate Platinum(II) and Palladium(II) Complexes Containing Fused 6/6/6 or 6/6/5 Metallocycles with Azacarbazolylcarbazole-Based Ligands. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:12972-12983. [PMID: 34374530 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c01405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A series of novel tetradentate Pt(II) and Pd(II) complexes containing fused 6/6/6 or 6/6/5 metallocycles employing azacarbazolylcarbazole (ACzCz)-based ligands was developed. Systematic experimental and theoretical studies suggest that both the ligand structures and the central metal ions have great influences on the electrochemical and photophysical properties of the complexes. The time-dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT) calculations and natural transition orbital (NTO) analyses reveal that the Pt(II) complexes possess 10.8-15.2% metal-to-ligand charge transfer (3MLCT) mixed with ligand-centered (3LC) characters, by contrast, the Pd(II) complexes exhibit significantly decreased 4.2-7.1% 3MLCT characters and enhanced 3LC compositions. All of the Pt(II) and Pd(II) complexes possess various channels for the intersystem crossing (ISC) on the basis of small energy gaps ΔES1-Tn and matching transition orbital compositions; moreover, Pd(ACzCz-1) and Pd(ACzCz-2) also possess efficient reverse intersystem crossing (RISC) to show both delayed fluorescence (DF) and phosphorescence in PMMA films at room temperature (RT). Pt(ACzCz-3) has ΦPL values of 57% with a τ of 5.1 μs in dichloromethane at RT and 50% with 3.9 μs in PMMA at RT. Notably, Pd(ACzCz-1) exhibits ultralong low-temperature phosphorescence with a τ of 1307 μs. Pt(ACzCz-2)-based green OLED employing 26mCPy as the host demonstrated a peak EQE of 8.2% and a Lmax of 24065 cd/m2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanbin She
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, P. R. China
| | - Kewei Xu
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoli Fang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, P. R. China
| | - Yun-Fang Yang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, P. R. China
| | - Weiwei Lou
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, P. R. China
| | - Ying Hu
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, P. R. China
| | - Qisheng Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China
| | - Guijie Li
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, P. R. China
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22
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Zhen X, Qu R, Chen W, Wu W, Jiang X. The development of phosphorescent probes for in vitro and in vivo bioimaging. Biomater Sci 2021; 9:285-300. [PMID: 32756681 DOI: 10.1039/d0bm00819b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Phosphorescence is a process that slowly releases the photoexcitation energy after the removal of the excitation source. Although transition metal complexes and purely organic room-temperature phosphorescence (RTP) materials show excellent phosphorescence property, their applications in in vitro and in vivo bioimaging are limited due to their poor solubility in water. To overcome this issue, phosphorescent materials are modified with amphiphilic or hydrophilic polymers to endow them with biocompatibility. This review focuses on recent advances in the development of phosphorescent probes for in vitro and in vivo bioimaging. The photophysical mechanism and the design principles of transition metal complexes and purely organic RTP materials for the stabilization of the triplet excited state for enhanced phosphorescence are first discussed. Then, the applications in in vitro and in vivo bioimaging using transition metal complexes including iridium(iii) complexes, platinum(ii) complexes, rhodium(i) complexes, and purely organic RTP materials are summarized. Finally, the current challenges and perspectives for these emerging materials in bioimaging are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Zhen
- MOE Key Laboratory of High Performance Polymer Materials and Technology, and Department of Polymer Science & Engineering, College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, P. R. China.
| | - Rui Qu
- MOE Key Laboratory of High Performance Polymer Materials and Technology, and Department of Polymer Science & Engineering, College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, P. R. China.
| | - Weizhi Chen
- MOE Key Laboratory of High Performance Polymer Materials and Technology, and Department of Polymer Science & Engineering, College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, P. R. China.
| | - Wei Wu
- MOE Key Laboratory of High Performance Polymer Materials and Technology, and Department of Polymer Science & Engineering, College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, P. R. China.
| | - Xiqun Jiang
- MOE Key Laboratory of High Performance Polymer Materials and Technology, and Department of Polymer Science & Engineering, College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, P. R. China.
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23
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Mao MX, Li FL, Shen Y, Liu QM, Xing S, Luo XF, Tu ZL, Wu XJ, Zheng YX. Simple Synthesis of Red Iridium(III) Complexes with Sulfur-Contained Four-Membered Ancillary Ligands for OLEDs. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26092599. [PMID: 33946904 PMCID: PMC8125720 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26092599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Revised: 04/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphorescent iridium(III) complexes have been widely researched for the fabrication of efficient organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs). In this work, three red Ir(III) complexes named Ir-1, Ir-2, and Ir-3, with Ir-S-C-S four-membered framework rings, were synthesized efficiently at room temperature within 5 min using sulfur-containing ancillary ligands with electron-donating groups of 9,10-dihydro-9,9-dimethylacridine, phenoxazine, and phenothiazine, respectively. Due to the same main ligand of 4-(4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)quinazoline, all Ir(III) complexes showed similar photoluminescence emissions at 622, 619, and 622 nm with phosphorescence quantum yields of 35.4%, 50.4%, and 52.8%, respectively. OLEDs employing these complexes as emitters with the structure of ITO (indium tin oxide)/HAT-CN (dipyra-zino[2,3-f,2',3'-h]quinoxaline-2,3,6,7,10,11-hexacarbonitrile, 5 nm)/TAPC (4,4'-cyclohexylidenebis[N,N-bis-(4-methylphenyl)aniline], 40 nm)/TCTA (4,4″,4″-tris(carbazol-9-yl)triphenylamine, 10 nm)/Ir(III) complex (10 wt%): 2,6DCzPPy (2,6-bis-(3-(carbazol-9-yl)phenyl)pyridine, 10 nm)/TmPyPB (1,3,5-tri(mpyrid-3-yl-phenyl)benzene, 50 nm)/LiF (1 nm)/Al (100 nm) achieved good performance. In particular, the device based on complex Ir-3 with the phenothiazine unit showed the best performance with a maximum brightness of 22,480 cd m-2, a maximum current efficiency of 23.71 cd A-1, and a maximum external quantum efficiency of 18.1%. The research results suggest the Ir(III) complexes with a four-membered ring Ir-S-C-S backbone provide ideas for the rapid preparation of Ir(III) complexes for OLEDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Xi Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China; (M.-X.M.); (F.-L.L.); (Y.S.); (Q.-M.L.); (S.X.); (X.-F.L.); (Z.-L.T.); (X.-J.W.)
| | - Fang-Ling Li
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China; (M.-X.M.); (F.-L.L.); (Y.S.); (Q.-M.L.); (S.X.); (X.-F.L.); (Z.-L.T.); (X.-J.W.)
| | - Yan Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China; (M.-X.M.); (F.-L.L.); (Y.S.); (Q.-M.L.); (S.X.); (X.-F.L.); (Z.-L.T.); (X.-J.W.)
| | - Qi-Ming Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China; (M.-X.M.); (F.-L.L.); (Y.S.); (Q.-M.L.); (S.X.); (X.-F.L.); (Z.-L.T.); (X.-J.W.)
| | - Shuai Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China; (M.-X.M.); (F.-L.L.); (Y.S.); (Q.-M.L.); (S.X.); (X.-F.L.); (Z.-L.T.); (X.-J.W.)
| | - Xu-Feng Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China; (M.-X.M.); (F.-L.L.); (Y.S.); (Q.-M.L.); (S.X.); (X.-F.L.); (Z.-L.T.); (X.-J.W.)
| | - Zhen-Long Tu
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China; (M.-X.M.); (F.-L.L.); (Y.S.); (Q.-M.L.); (S.X.); (X.-F.L.); (Z.-L.T.); (X.-J.W.)
| | - Xue-Jun Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China; (M.-X.M.); (F.-L.L.); (Y.S.); (Q.-M.L.); (S.X.); (X.-F.L.); (Z.-L.T.); (X.-J.W.)
| | - You-Xuan Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China; (M.-X.M.); (F.-L.L.); (Y.S.); (Q.-M.L.); (S.X.); (X.-F.L.); (Z.-L.T.); (X.-J.W.)
- Green Catalysis Center and College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- Correspondence:
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24
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Martínez-Junquera M, Lalinde E, Moreno MT, Alfaro-Arnedo E, López IP, Larráyoz IM, Pichel JG. Luminescent cyclometalated platinum(ii) complexes with acyclic diaminocarbene ligands: structural, photophysical and biological properties. Dalton Trans 2021; 50:4539-4554. [PMID: 33729268 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt00480h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Four new cyclometalated Pt(ii) complexes bearing acyclic diaminocarbene (ADC) ligands, [Pt(C^N)Cl{C(NHXyl)(NHR)}] [C^N = 2,6-difluorophenylpyridine (dfppy), phenylquinoline (pq); R = Pr 3a, 4a, CH2Ph 3b, 4b], were prepared by the nucleophilic attack on the isocyanide [Pt(C^N)Cl(CNXyl)] (C^N = dfppy 1, pq 2) by the corresponding amine RNH2 (R = Pr, CH2Ph). Complexes 3 show in their 1H NMR spectra in CDCl3 a notable concentration dependence, with a clear variation of the δH (NHXyl) signal, suggesting an assembling process implying donor-acceptor NHXylCl bonding, also supported by 1D-PGSE (Pulse Field Gradient Spin Echo) and 2D-DOSY (Diffusion Ordered Spectroscopy) NMR experiments in solution and X-ray diffraction studies. The intermolecular interactions in compounds 3a and 3b were studied by using Hirshfeld surface analysis and Non-Covalent Interaction (NCI) methods on their X-ray structures. Their photophysical properties were investigated by absorption and emission spectroscopies and also by TD-DFT calculations performed on 3a and 4b. These complexes show green (3) or orange (4) phosphorescence, attributed to a mixed 3IL/3MLCT excited state. The carbene ligand does not affect the emission maxima but it produces an increase of the quantum yields in relation to the isocyanide in the precursors. In fluid solutions, the emission is not concentration-dependent, but the complexes may show aggregation induced emission as detailed for complexes 3a and 4a. In addition, cytotoxicity studies in the human cell lines A549 (lung carcinoma) and HeLa (cervix carcinoma) showed good activity for these complexes and 3a, 3b and 4a exhibit a strong effect on DNA electrophoretic mobility. To the best of our knowledge, compounds 3 and 4 represent the first examples of cycloplatinated complexes bearing acyclic diamino carbenes with antiproliferative properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mónica Martínez-Junquera
- Departamento de Química-Centro de Síntesis Química de La Rioja, (CISQ), Universidad de La Rioja, 26006, Logroño, Spain.
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25
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Yoon S, Teets TS. Red to near-infrared phosphorescent Ir(iii) complexes with electron-rich chelating ligands. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:1975-1988. [PMID: 33538276 DOI: 10.1039/d0cc08067e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The design of molecular phosphors with near-unity photoluminescence quantum yields in the low-energy regions of the spectrum, red to near-infrared, is a long-standing challenge. Because of the energy gap law and the quantum mechanical dependence of radiative decay rate on the excited-state energy, compounds which luminesce in this region of the spectrum typically suffer from low quantum yields. In this article, we highlight our group's advances in the design of top-performing cyclometalated iridium complexes which phosphoresce in red to near-infrared regions. The compounds we have introduced in this body of work have the general formula Ir(C^N)2(L^X), where C^N is a cyclometalating ligand that controls the photoluminescence color and L^X is a monoanionic chelating ancillary ligand. The Ir(C^N)2(L^X) structure type is among the most widely studied and technologically successful classes of molecular phosphors, particularly when L^X = acetylacetonate (acac). In our work we have pioneered the use of electron-rich, nitrogen containing ancillary (L^X) ligands as a means of controlling the excited-state dynamics and optimizing them to give record-breaking phosphorescence quantum yields. This paper progresses through our work in three distinct regions of the spectrum - red, deep-red, and near-infrared - and summarizes the many insights we have gained on the relationships between molecular structure, frontier orbital energies, and excited-state dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sungwon Yoon
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, 3585 Cullen Blvd. Room 112, Houston, TX 77204-5003, USA.
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26
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He R, Xu Z, Valandro S, Arman HD, Xue J, Schanze KS. High-Purity and Saturated Deep-Blue Luminescence from trans-NHC Platinum(II) Butadiyne Complexes: Properties and Organic Light Emitting Diode Application. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:5327-5337. [PMID: 33476121 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c21193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Two new platinum(II) compounds with trans-(NHC)2Pt(C≡C-C≡C-R)2 (where NHC = N-heterocyclic carbene and R = phenyl or trimethylsilyl) architecture exhibit sharp blue-green or saturated deep-blue phosphorescence with high color purity. The photoluminescence of both compounds is dominated by an intense 0-0 band with distinct but weaker vibronic progressions in both tetrahydrofuran (THF) and poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) matrix. The full width at half-maximum (fwhm) of the photoluminescence of trans-(NHC)2Pt(C≡C-C≡C-trimethylsilyl)2 are 10 nm at room temperature and 4 nm at 77 K, while the trans-(NHC)2Pt(C≡C-C≡C-phenyl)2 shows a fwhm of 14 nm at room temperature and 8 nm at 77 K. The Commission International de L'Eclairage (CIE) coordinates of trans-(NHC)2Pt(C≡C-C≡C-phenyl)2 are (0.222, 0.429) in PMMA, and trans-(NHC)2Pt(C≡C-C≡C-trimethylsilyl)2 has a deep-blue CIE of (0.163, 0.077) in PMMA. When doped into PMMA, the phosphorescence quantum yield of the complex with trimethylsilyl-butadiyne ligand increases dramatically to 57% from 0.25% in THF, while the complex with phenyl-butadiyne ligand has similar quantum yields in PMMA (32%) and THF (37%). Organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) employing these two complexes as the emitters were successfully fabricated with electroluminescence that closely matches the corresponding photoluminescence. The OLEDs based on trans-(NHC)2Pt(C≡C-C≡C-trimethylsilyl)2 display highly pure deep-blue electroluminescence (fwhm = 12 nm) with CIE coordinates of (0.172, 0.086), approaching the most stringent National Television System Committee (NTSC) coordinates for "pure" blue of (0.14, 0.08).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ru He
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas 78249, United States
| | - Zhengtao Xu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Silvano Valandro
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas 78249, United States
| | - Hadi D Arman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas 78249, United States
| | - Jiangeng Xue
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Kirk S Schanze
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas 78249, United States
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27
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Peng HL, Li Y, Chen XY, Li LP, Ke Z, Ye BH. Visible-Light-Induced Amination of Quinoline at the C8 Position via a Postcoordinated Interligand-Coupling Strategy under Mild Conditions. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:908-918. [PMID: 33393292 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c03026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
The postcoordinated interligand-coupling strategy provides a useful and complementary protocol for synthesizing polydentate ligands. Herein, diastereoselective photoreactions of Λ-[Ir(pq)2(d-AA)] (Λ-d) and Λ-[Ir(pq)2(l-AA)] (Λ-l, where pq is 2-phenylquinoline and AA is an amino acid) are reported in the presence of O2 under mild conditions. Diastereomer Λ-d is dehydrogenatively oxidized into an imino acid complex, while diastereomer Λ-l mainly occurs via interligand C-N cross-dehydrogenative coupling between quinoline at the C8 position and AA ligands at room temperature, affording Λ-[Ir(pq)(l-pq-AA)]. Furthermore, the photoreaction of diastereomer Λ-l is temperature-dependent. Mechanistic experiments reveal the ligand-radical intermediates may be involved in the reaction. Density functional theory calculations were used to eluciate the origin of diastereoselectivity and temperature dependence. This will provide a new protocol for the amination of quinoline at the C8 position via the postcoordinated interligand C-N cross-coupling strategy under mild conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- He-Long Peng
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, Guangdong, China
| | - Yinwu Li
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, Guangdong, China
| | - Xing-Yang Chen
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, Guangdong, China
| | - Li-Ping Li
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhuofeng Ke
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, Guangdong, China
| | - Bao-Hui Ye
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, Guangdong, China
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28
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Akhtar M, Arif AM, Ullah Khan S, Shan GG, Xu HL, Su ZM. Tuning the NLO response of bis-cyclometalated iridium( iii) complexes by modifying ligands: experimental and structural DFT analysis. NEW J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1nj00114k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
DFT calculations have been carried out to investigate two synthesized iridium(iii) complexes with substituted Phbd (1-phenyl-2-(pyridin-2-yl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazole) and Crbd (9-(4-(2-(pyridin-2-yl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-1-yl)phenyl)-9H-carbazole) as ancillary ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mansoor Akhtar
- Institute of Functional Material Chemistry
- Faculty of Chemistry
- Northeast Normal University
- Changchun 130024
- People's Republic of China
| | - Ali Muhammad Arif
- Institute of Functional Material Chemistry
- Faculty of Chemistry
- Northeast Normal University
- Changchun 130024
- People's Republic of China
| | - Shifa Ullah Khan
- Institute of Functional Material Chemistry
- Faculty of Chemistry
- Northeast Normal University
- Changchun 130024
- People's Republic of China
| | - Guo-Gang Shan
- Institute of Functional Material Chemistry
- Faculty of Chemistry
- Northeast Normal University
- Changchun 130024
- People's Republic of China
| | - Hong-liang Xu
- Institute of Functional Material Chemistry
- Faculty of Chemistry
- Northeast Normal University
- Changchun 130024
- People's Republic of China
| | - Zhong-Min Su
- Institute of Functional Material Chemistry
- Faculty of Chemistry
- Northeast Normal University
- Changchun 130024
- People's Republic of China
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29
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Popov RA, Mikherdov AS, Novikov AS, Myznikov LV, Boyarskiy VP. Pd II- and Pt II-mediated coupling of aryl isocyanides with N-heterocyclic thiones. NEW J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d0nj05386d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
A PdII- and PtII-mediated reaction of aryl isocyanides with N-heterocyclic thiones results in a previously undescribed type of regioselectivity for ambident nucleophile addition to coordinated isocyanides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman A. Popov
- Saint Petersburg State University
- Universitetskaya Nab. 7/9
- Saint Petersburg 199034
- Russian Federation
| | - Alexander S. Mikherdov
- Saint Petersburg State University
- Universitetskaya Nab. 7/9
- Saint Petersburg 199034
- Russian Federation
| | - Alexander S. Novikov
- Saint Petersburg State University
- Universitetskaya Nab. 7/9
- Saint Petersburg 199034
- Russian Federation
| | - Leonid V. Myznikov
- Saint-Petersburg State Institute of Technology
- Moskovsky ave. 26
- St. Petersburg 190013
- Russian Federation
| | - Vadim P. Boyarskiy
- Saint Petersburg State University
- Universitetskaya Nab. 7/9
- Saint Petersburg 199034
- Russian Federation
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30
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Wu Y, Wen Z, Wu JIC, Teets TS. Efficient Deep Blue Platinum Acetylide Phosphors with Acyclic Diaminocarbene Ligands. Chemistry 2020; 26:16028-16035. [PMID: 32640058 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202002775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Here we report five blue-phosphorescent platinum bis-phenylacetylide complexes with an investigation of their photophysical and electrochemical attributes. Three of the complexes (1-3) are of the general formula cis-Pt(CNR)2 (C≡CPh)2 , in which CNR is a variably substituted isocyanide and C≡CPh is phenylacetylide. These isocyanide complexes serve as precursors for complexes of the general formula cis-Pt(CNR)(ADC)(C≡CPh)2 (4 and 5), in which ADC is an acyclic diaminocarbene installed by amine nucleophilic addition to one of the isocyanides. All of the complexes exhibit deep blue phosphorescence with λmax ∼430 nm in poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) thin films. Whereas isocyanide complexes 1-3 exhibit modest photoluminescence quantum yields (ΦPL ), incorporation of one acyclic diaminocarbene ligand results in a three-fold to 16-fold increase in ΦPL while still maintaining an identical deep blue color profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyu Wu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, 3585 Cullen Blvd., Room 112, Houston, TX, 77204-5003, USA
| | - Zhili Wen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, 3585 Cullen Blvd., Room 112, Houston, TX, 77204-5003, USA
| | - Judy I-Chia Wu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, 3585 Cullen Blvd., Room 112, Houston, TX, 77204-5003, USA
| | - Thomas S Teets
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, 3585 Cullen Blvd., Room 112, Houston, TX, 77204-5003, USA
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31
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Boudreault PLT, Esteruelas MA, López AM, Oñate E, Raga E, Tsai JY. Insertion of Unsaturated C-C Bonds into the O-H Bond of an Iridium(III)-Hydroxo Complex: Formation of Phosphorescent Emitters with an Asymmetrical β-Diketonate Ligand. Inorg Chem 2020; 59:15877-15887. [PMID: 33059453 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c02395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A synthetic methodology to prepare iridium(III) emitters of the class [3b+3b+3b'] with two ortho-metalated 1-phenylisoquinolines and an asymmetrical β-diketonate has been discovered. The abstraction of the chloride ligands of the dimer [Ir(μ-Cl){κ2-C,N-(C6H4-isoqui)}2]2 (1, C6H5-isoqui = 1-phenylisoquinoline) with AgBF4 in acetone and the subsequent addition of water to the resulting solution affords the water solvate mononuclear complex [Ir{κ2-C,N-(C6H4-isoqui)}2(H2O)2]BF4 (2), which reacts with KOH to give the dihydroxo-bridged dimer [Ir(μ-OH){κ2-C,N-(C6H4-isoqui)}2]2 (3). Treatment of the latter with dimethyl acetylenedicarboxylate leads to Ir{κ2-C,N-(C6H4-isoqui)}2{κ2-O,O-[OC(CO2CH3)CHC(OCH3)O]} (4), as a result of the anti-addition of the O-H bond of a mononuclear [Ir(OH){κ2-C,N-(C6H4-isoqui)}2] fragment to the C-C triple bond of the alkyne and the coordination of one of the carboxylate substituents to the metal center. Complex 3 also reacts with α,β-unsaturated ketones. The reaction with 3-(4-methylphenyl)-1-phenylprop-2-en-1-one affords Ir{κ2-C,N-(C6H4-isoqui)}2{κ2-O,O-[OC(C6H5)CHC(p-C6H4Me)O]} (5), whereas methyl vinyl ketone gives a mixture of Ir{κ2-C,N-(C6H4-isoqui)}2{κ2-O,O-[OC(CH3)CHCHO]} (6) and Ir{κ2-C,N-(C6H4-isoqui)}2{κ2-O,O-[OC(CH3)CHC(CH═CH2)O]} (7). Complexes 5 and 6 are the result of the addition of the O-H bond of the mononuclear [Ir(OH){κ2-C,N-(C6H4-isoqui)}2] fragment to the C-C double bond of the α,β-unsaturated ketones and the coordination of the carbonyl group to the iridium center, to generate O,O-chelates which lose molecular hydrogen to aromatize into the asymmetrical β-diketonate ligands. Complexes 4-7 are phosphorescent emitters in the red spectral region (599-672 nm) in doped poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) film at 5 wt % at room temperature and 2-methyltetrahydrofuran at room temperature and 77 K. They display short lifetimes (0.8-2.5 μs) and quantum yields in both doped PMMA films and in 2-methyltetrahydrofuran at room temperature depending on the substituents of the β-diketonate: about 0.6-0.5 for 4 and 6 and ca. 0.35 for 5 and 7.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Miguel A Esteruelas
- Departamento de Quı́mica Inorgánica, Instituto de Sı́ntesis Quı́mica y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH), Centro de Innovación en Quı́mica Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Universidad de Zaragoza-CSIC, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Ana M López
- Departamento de Quı́mica Inorgánica, Instituto de Sı́ntesis Quı́mica y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH), Centro de Innovación en Quı́mica Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Universidad de Zaragoza-CSIC, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Enrique Oñate
- Departamento de Quı́mica Inorgánica, Instituto de Sı́ntesis Quı́mica y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH), Centro de Innovación en Quı́mica Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Universidad de Zaragoza-CSIC, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Esther Raga
- Departamento de Quı́mica Inorgánica, Instituto de Sı́ntesis Quı́mica y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH), Centro de Innovación en Quı́mica Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Universidad de Zaragoza-CSIC, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Jui-Yi Tsai
- Universal Display Corporation, Ewing, New Jersey 08618, United States
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32
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Ding L, Zang CX, Wen L, Shan GG, Gao Y, Sun HZ, Xie WF, Su ZM. High-Performance and Stable Warm White OLEDs Based on Orange Iridium(III) Phosphors Modified with Simple Alkyl Groups. Organometallics 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.0c00472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Ding
- Institute of Functional Material Chemistry and National & Local United Engineering Lab for Power Battery, Faculty of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chun-Xiu Zang
- State Key Laboratory on Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130012, People’s Republic of China
| | - Li−Li Wen
- Institute of Functional Material Chemistry and National & Local United Engineering Lab for Power Battery, Faculty of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guo-Gang Shan
- Institute of Functional Material Chemistry and National & Local United Engineering Lab for Power Battery, Faculty of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ying Gao
- Jilin Engineering Normal University Changchun 130052, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hai-Zhu Sun
- Institute of Functional Material Chemistry and National & Local United Engineering Lab for Power Battery, Faculty of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wen-Fa Xie
- State Key Laboratory on Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130012, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhong-Min Su
- Institute of Functional Material Chemistry and National & Local United Engineering Lab for Power Battery, Faculty of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, People’s Republic of China
- School of Chemistry & Environmental Engineering, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun, Jilin 130012, People’s Republic of China
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33
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Lee K, Lai PN, Parveen R, Donahue CM, Wymore MM, Massman BA, Vlaisavljevich B, Teets TS, Daly SR. Modifying the luminescent properties of a Cu(i) diphosphine complex using ligand-centered reactions in single crystals. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:9110-9113. [PMID: 32648569 DOI: 10.1039/d0cc03427d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Here we report how reactions at a chemically reactive diphosphine shift the long-lived luminescent colour of a crystalline three-coordinate Cu(i) complex from green to blue. The results demonstrate how vapochromism and single-crystal-to-single-crystal transformations can be achieved using ligand-centered reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyounghoon Lee
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Iowa, E331 Chemistry Building, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.
| | - Po-Ni Lai
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, 3585 Cullen Boulevard, Room 112, Houston, TX 77204, USA
| | - Riffat Parveen
- Department of Chemistry, The University of South Dakota, 414 E. Clark Street, Vermillion, SD 57069, USA
| | - Courtney M Donahue
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Iowa, E331 Chemistry Building, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.
| | - Mikayla M Wymore
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Iowa, E331 Chemistry Building, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.
| | - Blake A Massman
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Iowa, E331 Chemistry Building, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.
| | - Bess Vlaisavljevich
- Department of Chemistry, The University of South Dakota, 414 E. Clark Street, Vermillion, SD 57069, USA
| | - Thomas S Teets
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, 3585 Cullen Boulevard, Room 112, Houston, TX 77204, USA
| | - Scott R Daly
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Iowa, E331 Chemistry Building, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.
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34
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Qi J, Wang X, Liu T, Kandawa-Schulz M, Wang Y, Zheng X. Synthesis, antiproliferative activity and mechanism of copper(II)-thiosemicarbazone complexes as potential anticancer and antimicrobial agents. J COORD CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/00958972.2020.1768378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jinxu Qi
- School of Medicine, Pingdingshan University, Pingdingshan, China
| | - Xuejiao Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Taichen Liu
- School of Medicine, Pingdingshan University, Pingdingshan, China
| | | | - Yihong Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xinhua Zheng
- School of Medicine, Pingdingshan University, Pingdingshan, China
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35
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Mu G, Wen Z, Wu JIC, Teets TS. Azo-triazolide bis-cyclometalated Ir(iii) complexes via cyclization of 3-cyanodiarylformazanate ligands. Dalton Trans 2020; 49:3775-3785. [PMID: 31774084 DOI: 10.1039/c9dt03914g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In this work we describe the synthesis of sterically encumbered 1,5-diaryl-3-cyanoformazanate bis-cyclometalated iridium(iii) complexes, two of which undergo redox-neutral cyclization during the reaction to produce carbon-bound 2-aryl-4-arylazo-2H-1,2,3-triazolide ligands. This transformation offers a method for accessing 2-aryl-4-arylazo-2H-1,2,3-triazolide ligands, a heretofore unreported class of chelating ligands. One formazanate complex and both triazolide complexes are structurally characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction, with infrared spectroscopy being the primary bulk technique to distinguish the formazanate and triazolide structures. All complexes are further characterized by UV-Vis absorption spectroscopy and cyclic voltammetry, with the triazolide compounds having similar frontier orbital energies to the formazanate complexes but much less visible absorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ge Mu
- University of Houston, Department of Chemistry, 3585 Cullen Blvd. Room 112, Houston, TX, USA 77204-5003.
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Blue-phosphorescent bis-cyclometalated iridium complexes with aryl isocyanide ancillary ligands. Polyhedron 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2019.114332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Eremina AA, Kinzhalov MA, Katlenok EA, Smirnov AS, Andrusenko EV, Pidko EA, Suslonov VV, Luzyanin KV. Phosphorescent Iridium(III) Complexes with Acyclic Diaminocarbene Ligands as Chemosensors for Mercury. Inorg Chem 2020; 59:2209-2222. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.9b02833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anzhelika A. Eremina
- Saint Petersburg State University, 7/9 Universitetskaya Nab., St. Petersburg 199034, Russian Federation
| | - Mikhail A. Kinzhalov
- Saint Petersburg State University, 7/9 Universitetskaya Nab., St. Petersburg 199034, Russian Federation
| | - Evgene A. Katlenok
- Saint Petersburg State University, 7/9 Universitetskaya Nab., St. Petersburg 199034, Russian Federation
| | - Andrey S. Smirnov
- Saint Petersburg State University, 7/9 Universitetskaya Nab., St. Petersburg 199034, Russian Federation
| | - Elena V. Andrusenko
- TheoMAT Group, ITMO University, Lomonosova 9, St. Petersburg 191002, Russian Federation
| | - Evgeny A. Pidko
- TheoMAT Group, ITMO University, Lomonosova 9, St. Petersburg 191002, Russian Federation
- Inorganic Systems Engineering Group, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Delft University of Technology, Van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HZ Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Vitalii V. Suslonov
- Saint Petersburg State University, 7/9 Universitetskaya Nab., St. Petersburg 199034, Russian Federation
| | - Konstantin V. Luzyanin
- Saint Petersburg State University, 7/9 Universitetskaya Nab., St. Petersburg 199034, Russian Federation
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool L69 7ZD, United Kingdom
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Scattergood PA, Ranieri AM, Charalambou L, Comia A, Ross DAW, Rice CR, Hardman SJO, Heully JL, Dixon IM, Massi M, Alary F, Elliott PIP. Unravelling the Mechanism of Excited-State Interligand Energy Transfer and the Engineering of Dual Emission in [Ir(C ∧N) 2(N ∧N)] + Complexes. Inorg Chem 2020; 59:1785-1803. [PMID: 31934759 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.9b03003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Fundamental insights into the mechanism of triplet-excited-state interligand energy transfer dynamics and the origin of dual emission for phosphorescent iridium(III) complexes are presented. The complexes [Ir(C∧N)2(N∧N)]+ (HC∧N = 2-phenylpyridine (1a-c), 2-(2,4-difluorophenyl)pyridine (2a-c), 1-benzyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3-triazole (3a-c); N∧N = 1-benzyl-4-(pyrid-2-yl)-1,2,3-triazole (pytz, a), 1-benzyl-4-(pyrimidin-2-yl)-1,2,3-triazole (pymtz, b), 1-benzyl-4-(pyrazin-2-yl)-1,2,3-triazole (pyztz, c)) are phosphorescent in room-temperature fluid solutions from triplet metal-to-ligand charge transfer (3MLCT) states admixed with either ligand-centered (3LC) (1a, 2a, and 2b) or ligand-to-ligand charge transfer (3LL'CT) character (1c, 2c, and 3a-c). Particularly striking is the observation that pyrimidine-based complex 1b exhibits dual emission from both 3MLCT/3LC and 3MLCT/3LL'CT states. At 77 K, the 3MLCT/3LL'CT component is lost from the photoluminescence spectra of 1b, with emission exclusively arising from its 3MLCT/3LC state, while for 2c switching from 3MLCT/3LL'CT- to 3MLCT/3LC-based emission is observed. Femtosecond transient absorption data reveal distinct spectral signatures characteristic of the population of 3MLCT/3LC states for 1a, 2a, and 2b which persist throughout the 3 ns time frame of the experiment. These 3MLCT/3LC state signatures are apparent in the transient absorption spectra for 1c and 2c immediately following photoexcitation but rapidly evolve to yield spectral profiles characteristic of their 3MLCT/3LL'CT states. Transient data for 1b reveals intermediate behavior: the spectral features of the initially populated 3MLCT/3LC state also undergo rapid evolution, although to a lesser extent than that observed for 1c and 2c, behavior assigned to the equilibration of the 3MLCT/3LC and 3MLCT/3LL'CT states. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations enabled minima to be optimized for both 3MLCT/3LC and 3MLCT/3LL'CT states of 1a-c and 2a-c. Indeed, two distinct 3MLCT/3LC minima were optimized for 1a, 1b, 2a, and 2b distinguished by upon which of the two C∧N ligands the excited electron resides. The 3MLCT/3LC and 3MLCT/3LL'CT states for 1b are very close in energy, in excellent agreement with experimental data demonstrating dual emission. Calculated vibrationally resolved emission spectra (VRES) for the complexes are in excellent agreement with experimental data, with the overlay of spectral maxima arising from emission from the 3MLCT/3LC and 3MLCT/3LL'CT states of 1b convincingly reproducing the observed experimental spectral features. Analysis of the optimized excited-state geometries enable the key structural differences between the 3MLCT/3LC and 3MLCT/3LL'CT states of the complexes to be identified and quantified. The calculation of interconversion pathways between triplet excited states provides for the first time a through-space mechanism for a photoinduced interligand energy transfer process. Furthermore, examination of structural changes between the possible emitting triplet excited states reveals the key bond vibrations that mediate energy transfer between these states. This work therefore provides for the first time detailed mechanistic insights into the fundamental photophysical processes of this important class of complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul A Scattergood
- Department of Chemistry , University of Huddersfield , Huddersfield HD1 3DH , United Kingdom.,Centre for Functional Materials , University of Huddersfield , Huddersfield HD1 3DH , United Kingdom
| | - Anna M Ranieri
- School of Molecular and Life Sciences - Curtin Institute for Functional Materials and Interfaces , Curtin University , Building 500, Kent Street , Bentley , Western Australia 6845 , Australia
| | - Luke Charalambou
- Department of Chemistry , University of Huddersfield , Huddersfield HD1 3DH , United Kingdom
| | - Adrian Comia
- Department of Chemistry , University of Huddersfield , Huddersfield HD1 3DH , United Kingdom
| | - Daniel A W Ross
- Department of Chemistry , University of Huddersfield , Huddersfield HD1 3DH , United Kingdom
| | - Craig R Rice
- Department of Chemistry , University of Huddersfield , Huddersfield HD1 3DH , United Kingdom
| | - Samantha J O Hardman
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology , The University of Manchester , 131 Princess Street , Manchester M1 7DN , United Kingdom
| | - Jean-Louis Heully
- Laboratoire de Chimie et Physique Quantiques , UMR 5626 CNRS/Université Toulouse 3 - Paul Sabatier, Université de Toulouse , 118 route de Narbonne , Toulouse 31062 , France
| | - Isabelle M Dixon
- Laboratoire de Chimie et Physique Quantiques , UMR 5626 CNRS/Université Toulouse 3 - Paul Sabatier, Université de Toulouse , 118 route de Narbonne , Toulouse 31062 , France
| | - Massimiliano Massi
- School of Molecular and Life Sciences - Curtin Institute for Functional Materials and Interfaces , Curtin University , Building 500, Kent Street , Bentley , Western Australia 6845 , Australia
| | - Fabienne Alary
- Laboratoire de Chimie et Physique Quantiques , UMR 5626 CNRS/Université Toulouse 3 - Paul Sabatier, Université de Toulouse , 118 route de Narbonne , Toulouse 31062 , France
| | - Paul I P Elliott
- Department of Chemistry , University of Huddersfield , Huddersfield HD1 3DH , United Kingdom.,Centre for Functional Materials , University of Huddersfield , Huddersfield HD1 3DH , United Kingdom
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Han J, Tang KM, Cheng SC, Ng CO, Chun YK, Chan SL, Yiu SM, Tse MK, Roy VAL, Ko CC. Mechanochemical changes on cyclometalated Ir(iii) acyclic carbene complexes – design and tuning of luminescent mechanochromic transition metal complexes. Inorg Chem Front 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/c9qi01278h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A new class of luminescent cyclometalated Ir(iii) complexes with readily tunable mechanochromic properties derived from the mechanically induced trans-to-cis isomerization have been developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingqi Han
- Department of Chemistry
- City University of Hong Kong
- Kowloon
- China
| | - Kin-Man Tang
- Department of Chemistry
- City University of Hong Kong
- Kowloon
- China
| | | | - Chi-On Ng
- Department of Chemistry
- City University of Hong Kong
- Kowloon
- China
| | - Yuen-Kiu Chun
- Department of Chemistry
- City University of Hong Kong
- Kowloon
- China
| | - Shing-Lun Chan
- Department of Chemistry
- City University of Hong Kong
- Kowloon
- China
| | - Shek-Man Yiu
- Department of Chemistry
- City University of Hong Kong
- Kowloon
- China
| | - Man-Kit Tse
- Department of Chemistry
- City University of Hong Kong
- Kowloon
- China
| | - Vellaisamy A. L. Roy
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- City University of Hong Kong
- Kowloon
- China
| | - Chi-Chiu Ko
- Department of Chemistry
- City University of Hong Kong
- Kowloon
- China
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Theoretical study on reaction mechanism of synthesis of iridium complexes having cyclometalated acyclic diaminocarbene ancillary ligands. J Mol Model 2019; 25:261. [PMID: 31422481 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-019-4145-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 08/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
DFT calculations at the M06-2X level were performed to explore the reaction mechanism for the synthesis of the new cyclometalated iridium(III) complexes with acyclic diaminocarbene ancillary ligands. The solvent effects of the reaction systems have been considered by a single-point energy calculation using the SMD model in the experimental conditions of CH2Cl2 solvent. The calculated results show that the reaction consists of two main steps: the first step is the hydrogen transfer between the two N atoms, and the next step is the closed-loop process of the Ir atom and the aromatic ring ortho to release the HCl molecule. The reaction has a relatively low activation free energy of 17.1-23.2 kcal mol-1, indicating that it is easy to occur under the experimental conditions of Na et al. At the same time, it was found that the aryl para-CF3 substituent has higher reactivity than the corresponding reactant of the NO2 substituent.
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Adamovich V, Boudreault PLT, Esteruelas MA, Gómez-Bautista D, López AM, Oñate E, Tsai JY. Preparation via a NHC Dimer Complex, Photophysical Properties, and Device Performance of Heteroleptic Bis(tridentate) Iridium(III) Emitters. Organometallics 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.9b00265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Vadim Adamovich
- Universal Display Corporation, 375 Phillips Boulevard, Ewing, New Jersey 08618, United States
| | | | - Miguel A. Esteruelas
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica−Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH)−Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Universidad de Zaragoza−CSIC, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Daniel Gómez-Bautista
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica−Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH)−Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Universidad de Zaragoza−CSIC, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Ana M. López
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica−Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH)−Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Universidad de Zaragoza−CSIC, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Enrique Oñate
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica−Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH)−Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Universidad de Zaragoza−CSIC, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Jui-Yi Tsai
- Universal Display Corporation, 375 Phillips Boulevard, Ewing, New Jersey 08618, United States
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Li CJ, Yin SY, Wang HP, Wei ZW, Pan M. Tuning colorful luminescence of iridium(III) complexes from blue to near infrared. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2019.04.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Na H, Cañada LM, Wen Z, I-Chia Wu J, Teets TS. Mixed-carbene cyclometalated iridium complexes with saturated blue luminescence. Chem Sci 2019; 10:6254-6260. [PMID: 31367300 PMCID: PMC6617658 DOI: 10.1039/c9sc01386e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 05/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A new structural class of mixed-carbene cyclometalated iridium complexes with intense, high-purity blue luminescence are described.
Cyclometalated iridium complexes have emerged as top-performing emitters in organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) and other optoelectronic devices. A persistent challenge has been the development of cyclometalated iridium complexes with deep blue luminescence that have the requisite color purity, efficiency, and stability to function in color displays. In this work we report a new class of cyclometalated iridium complexes with saturated blue luminescence. These complexes have the general structure Ir(C^C:NHC)2(C^C:ADC), where C^C:NHC is an N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) derived cyclometalating ligand and C^C:ADC is a different type of cyclometalating ligand featuring an acyclic diaminocarbene (ADC). The complexes are prepared by a cascade reaction that involves nucleophilic addition of propylamine to an isocyanide precursor followed by base-assisted cyclometalation of the ADC intermediate. All three emit deep blue light with good quantum efficiencies (ΦPL = 0.13–0.48) and color profiles very close to the ideal primary blue standards for color displays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanah Na
- Department of Chemistry , University of Houston , 3585 Cullen Blvd. Room 112 , Houston , TX , USA 77204-5003 .
| | - Louise M Cañada
- Department of Chemistry , University of Houston , 3585 Cullen Blvd. Room 112 , Houston , TX , USA 77204-5003 .
| | - Zhili Wen
- Department of Chemistry , University of Houston , 3585 Cullen Blvd. Room 112 , Houston , TX , USA 77204-5003 .
| | - Judy I-Chia Wu
- Department of Chemistry , University of Houston , 3585 Cullen Blvd. Room 112 , Houston , TX , USA 77204-5003 .
| | - Thomas S Teets
- Department of Chemistry , University of Houston , 3585 Cullen Blvd. Room 112 , Houston , TX , USA 77204-5003 .
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Platinum(II)-mediated aminonitrone–isocyanide interplay: A new route to acyclic diaminocarbene complexes. Inorganica Chim Acta 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2019.03.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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46
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Liu MG, Liu N, Xu WH, Wang L. Tandem reaction strategy of the Passerini/Wittig reaction based on the in situ capture of isocyanides: One-pot synthesis of heterocycles. Tetrahedron 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2019.03.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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47
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Lai PN, Teets TS. Effects of electron-rich ancillary ligands on green and yellow-emitting bis-cyclometalated iridium complexes. J COORD CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/00958972.2019.1597064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Po-Ni Lai
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Thomas S. Teets
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
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Li X, Wang HQ, Ye JT, Zhang Y, Qiu YQ. Second-order NLO properties of bis-cyclometalated iridium(Ⅲ) complexes: Substituent effect and redox switch. J Mol Graph Model 2019; 89:131-138. [PMID: 30884450 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2019.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Revised: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The iridium(III) complexes could be excellent second-order nonlinear optical (NLO) switch materials due to various advantages including abundant valence states, the diversity of coordination forms and rich electrochemical properties. In this work, the substituent effect and the multi-state switchable response of a series of novel Ir(CˆN)2ADC complexes (CˆN = cyclometalated ligands and ADC = diaminocarbene), induced by electrochemical behavior, have been calculated by density functional theory. The results show that the introducing strong electron-withdrawing groups on ADC ligands significantly enhanced the static first hyperpolarizabilities (βtot). Moreover, a distinct improvement of the βtot values can be found from the neutral complexes to the corresponding redox states. By this way, the remarkable multi-state NLO switch can be achieved. Remarkably, the βtot values of the one-electron-oxidized complex 1+ and the one-electron-reduced complex 1- are ∼5.4 and ∼12.7 times larger than the corresponding neutral complex 1, respectively. The larger βtot values are attributed to the lower transition energy and remarkable bathochromic shift of maximal absorption wavelength, which can be further illustrated by the separate distribution of β density. We envision that these studied iridium complexes can be seen as versatile and novel second-order NLO switching materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Li
- Institute of Functional Material Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong-Qiang Wang
- Institute of Functional Material Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin-Ting Ye
- Institute of Functional Material Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Institute of Functional Material Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong-Qing Qiu
- Institute of Functional Material Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, People's Republic of China.
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Luo Y, Chen Z, Hu J, Xu Z, Meng Q, Tang D. Small substituent groups as geometric controllers for tridentate platinum(ii) complexes to effectively suppress non-radiative decay processes. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:2764-2770. [PMID: 30666322 DOI: 10.1039/c8cp06804f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
For phosphorescent emitters, the rigidity of the geometry is a crucial indicator, which can directly determine the non-radiative decay rate. In this article, density functional theory (DFT) calculations were performed to investigate the influence of the small substituent groups on the rigidities of tridentate Pt(ii) complexes in detail. The calculated results indicate that the small substituent groups can serve as geometric controllers to suppress the structural distortion on going from the ground state (S0) to the lowest-lying triplet excited state (T1) (Jahn-Teller distortion). For instance, when electron-donating substituent groups, including -NH2, -N(CH3)2 and -OCH3, were employed, the rigidities of the corresponding Pt(ii) complexes can be effectively enhanced because the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO)-HOMO-1 energy gaps could be increased. Different from the electron-donating substituent groups, electron-withdrawing substituent groups, i.e., -NO2 and -COCH3, can cause a negligible change in HOMO and HOMO-1 energies during the S0 → T1 transition process, and therefore, for Pt-NO2 and Pt-COCH3, no Jahn-Teller distortion occurs. According to the calculated results, the rigidities of tridentate Pt(ii) complexes could be raised via tuning the energies of the frontier molecular orbital (FMO) with the help of small substituent groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yafei Luo
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Targeted Therapeutics and Innovation, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Kinase Modulators as Innovative Medicine, Chongqing Engineering Laboratory of Targeted and Innovative Therapeutics, International Academy of Targeted Therapeutics and Innovation, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Chongqing, 402160, P. R. China.
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Cao W, Qi J, Qian K, Tian L, Cheng Z, Wang Y. Structure−activity relationships of 2‑quinolinecarboxaldehyde thiosemicarbazone gallium(III) complexes with potent and selective anticancer activity. J Inorg Biochem 2019; 191:174-182. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2018.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2018] [Revised: 11/23/2018] [Accepted: 11/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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