1
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Bera S, Kabadwal LM, Banerjee D. Harnessing alcohols as sustainable reagents for late-stage functionalisation: synthesis of drugs and bio-inspired compounds. Chem Soc Rev 2024; 53:4607-4647. [PMID: 38525675 DOI: 10.1039/d3cs00942d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
Alcohol is ubiquitous with unparalleled structural diversity and thus has wide applications as a native functional group in organic synthesis. It is highly prevalent among biomolecules and offers promising opportunities for the development of chemical libraries. Over the last decade, alcohol has been extensively used as an environmentally friendly chemical for numerous organic transformations. In this review, we collectively discuss the utilisation of alcohol from 2015 to 2023 in various organic transformations and their application toward intermediates of drugs, drug derivatives and natural product-like molecules. Notable features discussed are as follows: (i) sustainable approaches for C-X alkylation (X = C, N, or O) including O-phosphorylation of alcohols, (ii) newer strategies using methanol as a methylating reagent, (iii) allylation of alkenes and alkynes including allylic trifluoromethylations, (iv) alkenylation of N-heterocycles, ketones, sulfones, and ylides towards the synthesis of drug-like molecules, (v) cyclisation and annulation to pharmaceutically active molecules, and (vi) coupling of alcohols with aryl halides or triflates, aryl cyanide and olefins to access drug-like molecules. We summarise the synthesis of over 100 drugs via several approaches, where alcohol was used as one of the potential coupling partners. Additionally, a library of molecules consisting over 60 fatty acids or steroid motifs is documented for late-stage functionalisation including the challenges and opportunities for harnessing alcohols as renewable resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sourajit Bera
- Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Catalysis and Organic Synthesis, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee 247667, Uttarakhand, India.
| | - Lalit Mohan Kabadwal
- Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Catalysis and Organic Synthesis, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee 247667, Uttarakhand, India.
| | - Debasis Banerjee
- Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Catalysis and Organic Synthesis, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee 247667, Uttarakhand, India.
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2
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Shezaf JZ, Santana CG, Ortiz E, Meyer CC, Liu P, Sakata K, Huang KW, Krische MJ. Leveraging the Stereochemical Complexity of Octahedral Diastereomeric-at-Metal Catalysts to Unlock Regio-, Diastereo-, and Enantioselectivity in Alcohol-Mediated C-C Couplings via Hydrogen Transfer. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:7905-7914. [PMID: 38478891 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c01857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
Experimental and computational studies illuminating the factors that guide metal-centered stereogenicity and, therefrom, selectivity in transfer hydrogenative carbonyl additions of alcohol proelectrophiles catalyzed by chiral-at-metal-and-ligand octahedral d6 metal ions, iridium(III) and ruthenium(II), are described. To augment or invert regio-, diastereo-, and enantioselectivity, predominantly one from among as many as 15 diastereomeric-at-metal complexes is required. For iridium(III) catalysts, cyclometalation assists in defining the metal stereocenter, and for ruthenium(II) catalysts, iodide counterions play a key role. Whereas classical strategies to promote selectivity in metal catalysis aim for high-symmetry transition states, well-defined low-symmetry transition states can unlock selectivities that are otherwise difficult to achieve or inaccessible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Z Shezaf
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Catherine G Santana
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Eliezer Ortiz
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Cole C Meyer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Peng Liu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - Ken Sakata
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toho University, Funabashi, Chiba 274-8510, Japan
| | - Kuo-Wei Huang
- KAUST Catalysis Center and Division of Physical Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Michael J Krische
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
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3
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Qu Y, Cai X, Guan Y, Tan J, Cai Z, Liu M, Huang Y, Hu J, Chen WH, Wu JQ. Divergent synthesis of difluoromethylated indole-3-carbinols, bisindolylmethanes and indole-3-methanamines. Org Biomol Chem 2023; 22:90-94. [PMID: 38047717 DOI: 10.1039/d3ob01735d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
Indole-3-carbinol, bisindolylmethanes (BIMs) and indole-3-methanamines exhibit diverse therapeutic activities. Fluorinated molecules are widely used in pharmaceuticals. Herein we report a facile and straightforward method for the successful synthesis of difluoromethylated indole-3-carbinols, bisindolylmethanes and indole-3-methanamines by a Friedel-Crafts reaction. The reaction involves the in situ generation of difluoroacetaldehyde from difluoroacetaldehyde ethyl hemiacetal in the presence of a base or an acid. This protocol is distinguished by its good to excellent yields, broad substrate compatibility, good functional group tolerance and scalability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifei Qu
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, No. 99 Yingbin Road, Jiangmen 529020, China.
| | - Xiaojia Cai
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, No. 99 Yingbin Road, Jiangmen 529020, China.
| | - Yuzhuang Guan
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, No. 99 Yingbin Road, Jiangmen 529020, China.
| | - Jiamin Tan
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, No. 99 Yingbin Road, Jiangmen 529020, China.
| | - Zhangping Cai
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, No. 99 Yingbin Road, Jiangmen 529020, China.
| | - Minyun Liu
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, No. 99 Yingbin Road, Jiangmen 529020, China.
| | - Yasi Huang
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, No. 99 Yingbin Road, Jiangmen 529020, China.
| | - Jinhui Hu
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, No. 99 Yingbin Road, Jiangmen 529020, China.
| | - Wen-Hua Chen
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, No. 99 Yingbin Road, Jiangmen 529020, China.
| | - Jia-Qiang Wu
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, No. 99 Yingbin Road, Jiangmen 529020, China.
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4
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Li C, Ling L, Luo Z, Wang S, Zhang X, Zeng X. Deoxygenative Cross-Coupling of C(aryl)–O and C(amide)═O Electrophiles Enabled by Chromium Catalysis Using Bipyridine Ligand. ACS Catal 2023. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c06264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Chao Li
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Liang Ling
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Zheng Luo
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Sha Wang
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Xiaoyu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Xiaoming Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
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5
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Shi Y, Wang K, Ding Y, Xie Y. Transition-metal-free electrochemical oxidative C(sp 2)-H trifluoromethylation of aryl aldehyde hydrazones. Org Biomol Chem 2022; 20:9362-9367. [PMID: 36383151 DOI: 10.1039/d2ob01734b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A simple protocol of metal-free C-H trifluoromethylation of hydrazones via electrolysis was developed. This environment-friendly transformation showed high efficiency, good tolerance, and scaled-up functionalization, providing the desired products in moderate to good yields. At the same time, a high yield can be obtained for the substrates either bearing an electron-donating group or an electron-withdrawing group by using different trifluoromethyl reagents. In addition, the radical mechanism was confirmed by the control experiment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Shi
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China.
| | - Kai Wang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Yuxin Ding
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China.
| | - Yuanyuan Xie
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China. .,Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China.,Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Engineering of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310014, China
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6
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Xie H, Breit B. Organophotoredox/Ni-Cocatalyzed Allylation of Allenes: Regio- and Diastereoselective Access to Homoallylic Alcohols. ACS Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c00464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Xie
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Albertstraße 21, 79104 Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Bernhard Breit
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Albertstraße 21, 79104 Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
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7
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Calogero F, Potenti S, Bassan E, Fermi A, Gualandi A, Monaldi J, Dereli B, Maity B, Cavallo L, Ceroni P, Giorgio Cozzi P. Nickel‐Mediated Enantioselective Photoredox Allylation of Aldehydes with Visible Light. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202114981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Calogero
- Dipartimento di Chimica “Giacomo Ciamician” Alma Mater Studiorum—Università di Bologna Via Selmi 2 40126 Bologna Italy
| | - Simone Potenti
- Dipartimento di Chimica “Giacomo Ciamician” Alma Mater Studiorum—Università di Bologna Via Selmi 2 40126 Bologna Italy
- Laboratorio SMART Scuola Normale Superiore Piazza dei Cavalieri 7 56126 Pisa Italy
| | - Elena Bassan
- Dipartimento di Chimica “Giacomo Ciamician” Alma Mater Studiorum—Università di Bologna Via Selmi 2 40126 Bologna Italy
| | - Andrea Fermi
- Dipartimento di Chimica “Giacomo Ciamician” Alma Mater Studiorum—Università di Bologna Via Selmi 2 40126 Bologna Italy
| | - Andrea Gualandi
- Dipartimento di Chimica “Giacomo Ciamician” Alma Mater Studiorum—Università di Bologna Via Selmi 2 40126 Bologna Italy
| | - Jacopo Monaldi
- Dipartimento di Chimica “Giacomo Ciamician” Alma Mater Studiorum—Università di Bologna Via Selmi 2 40126 Bologna Italy
| | - Busra Dereli
- KAUST Catalysis Center (KCC) Division of Physical Sciences and Engineering King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) Thuwal 23955 Saudi Arabia
| | - Bholanath Maity
- KAUST Catalysis Center (KCC) Division of Physical Sciences and Engineering King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) Thuwal 23955 Saudi Arabia
| | - Luigi Cavallo
- KAUST Catalysis Center (KCC) Division of Physical Sciences and Engineering King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) Thuwal 23955 Saudi Arabia
| | - Paola Ceroni
- Dipartimento di Chimica “Giacomo Ciamician” Alma Mater Studiorum—Università di Bologna Via Selmi 2 40126 Bologna Italy
| | - Pier Giorgio Cozzi
- Dipartimento di Chimica “Giacomo Ciamician” Alma Mater Studiorum—Università di Bologna Via Selmi 2 40126 Bologna Italy
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8
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Cozzi PG, Calogero F, Potenti S, Bassan E, Fermi A, Gualandi A, Monaldi J, Dereli B, Maity B, Cavallo L, Ceroni P. Nickel Mediated Enantioselective Photoredox Allylation of Aldehydes with Visible Light. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 61:e202114981. [PMID: 34937125 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202114981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Here we report a practical, highly enantioselective photoredox allylation of aldehydes mediated by chiral nickel complexes with commercially available allyl acetate as the allylating agent. The methodology allows the clean stereoselective allylation of aldehydes in good to excellent yields and up to 93% e.e. using a catalytic amount of NiCl 2 (glyme) in the presence of the chiral aminoindanol-derived bis(oxazoline) as the chiral ligand. The photoredox system is constituted by the organic dye 3DPAFIPN and a Hantzsch's ester as the sacrificial reductant. The reaction proceeds under visible light irradiation (blue LEDs, 456 nm) at 8-12 °C with excellent stereoselectivities. Compared to other published procedures, no metal reductants (such as Zn or Mn), additives (e.g. CuI) or air-sensitive Ni(COD) 2 are necessary for this reaction. Accurate DFT calculations and photophysical experiments have clarified the mechanistic picture of this stereoselective allylation reaction showing a key role played by Hantzsch's ester for the turnover of the catalyst.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pier Giorgio Cozzi
- Universita di Bologna, Dipartimento di chimica, Via Selmi 2, 40126, Bologna, ITALY
| | - Francesco Calogero
- Università degli Studi di Bologna: Universita di Bologna, Dipartimento di Chimica Giacomo CIamician, ITALY
| | - Simone Potenti
- Università di Bologna: Universita di Bologna, Dipartimento di Chimica Giacomo CIamician, ITALY
| | - Elena Bassan
- Università di Bologna: Universita di Bologna, Dipartimento di Chimica Giacomo Ciamician, ITALY
| | - Andrea Fermi
- Università di Bologna: Universita di Bologna, Dipartimento di Chimica Giacomo Ciamician, ITALY
| | - Andrea Gualandi
- Università di Bologna: Universita di Bologna, Dipartimento di CHimica Gicacomo Ciamician, ITALY
| | - Jacopo Monaldi
- Università di Bologna: Universita di Bologna, Dipartimento di Chimica Giacomo Ciamician, ITALY
| | - Busra Dereli
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, KAUST Catalysis Center, SAUDI ARABIA
| | - Bholanath Maity
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Kaust Catalysis Center, SAUDI ARABIA
| | - Luigi Cavallo
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Kaust Catalysis Center, SAUDI ARABIA
| | - Paola Ceroni
- Università di Bologna: Universita di Bologna, Dipartimento di CHimica Giacomo Ciamician, ITALY
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9
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Ortiz E, Shezaf JZ, Chang YH, Gonçalves TP, Huang KW, Krische MJ. Understanding Halide Counterion Effects in Enantioselective Ruthenium-Catalyzed Carbonyl (α-Aryl)allylation: Alkynes as Latent Allenes and Trifluoroethanol-Enhanced Turnover in The Conversion of Ethanol to Higher Alcohols via Hydrogen Auto-transfer. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:16709-16717. [PMID: 34606271 PMCID: PMC8749865 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c07857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Crystallographic characterization of RuX(CO)(η3-C3H5)(JOSIPHOS), where X = Cl, Br, or I, reveals a halide-dependent diastereomeric preference that defines metal-centered stereogenicity and, therefrom, the enantioselectivity of C-C coupling in ruthenium-catalyzed anti-diastereo- and enantioselective C-C couplings of primary alcohols with 1-aryl-1-propynes to form products of carbonyl anti-(α-aryl)allylation. Computational studies reveal that a non-classical hydrogen bond between iodide and the aldehyde formyl CH bond stabilizes the favored transition state for carbonyl addition. An improved catalytic system enabling previously unattainable transformations was developed that employs an iodide-containing precatalyst, RuI(CO)3(η3-C3H5), in combination with trifluoroethanol, as illustrated by the first enantioselective ruthenium-catalyzed C-C couplings of ethanol to form higher alcohols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliezer Ortiz
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Jonathan Z Shezaf
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Yu-Hsiang Chang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Théo P Gonçalves
- KAUST Catalysis Center and Division of Physical Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Kuo-Wei Huang
- KAUST Catalysis Center and Division of Physical Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Michael J Krische
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
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10
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Santana CG, Krische MJ. From Hydrogenation to Transfer Hydrogenation to Hydrogen Auto-Transfer in Enantioselective Metal-Catalyzed Carbonyl Reductive Coupling: Past, Present, and Future. ACS Catal 2021; 11:5572-5585. [PMID: 34306816 PMCID: PMC8302072 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.1c01109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Atom-efficient processes that occur via addition, redistribution or removal of hydrogen underlie many large volume industrial processes and pervade all segments of chemical industry. Although carbonyl addition is one of the oldest and most broadly utilized methods for C-C bond formation, the delivery of non-stabilized carbanions to carbonyl compounds has relied on premetalated reagents or metallic/organometallic reductants, which pose issues of safety and challenges vis-à-vis large volume implementation. Catalytic carbonyl reductive couplings promoted via hydrogenation, transfer hydrogenation and hydrogen auto-transfer allow abundant unsaturated hydrocarbons to serve as substitutes to organometallic reagents, enabling C-C bond formation in the absence of stoichiometric metals. This perspective (a) highlights past milestones in catalytic hydrogenation, hydrogen transfer and hydrogen auto-transfer, (b) summarizes current methods for catalytic enantioselective carbonyl reductive couplings, and (c) describes future opportunities based on the patterns of reactivity that animate transformations of this type.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Michael J Krische
- University of Texas at Austin, Department of Chemistry, Austin, TX 78712, USA
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11
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Gao F, Guo Y, Sun M, Wang Y, Yang C, Wang Y, Wang K, Yan W. Catalytic Asymmetric Construction of Tertiary Carbon Centers Featuring an α-Difluoromethyl Group with CF 2H-CH 2-NH 2 as the "Building Block". Org Lett 2021; 23:2584-2589. [PMID: 33740843 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c00497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We report here for the first time a novel difluoromethylated ketimine building block condensed by thioisatin and difluoroethylamine, offering efficient access to a broad range of enantioenriched products bearing difluoroethylamine units (27 examples, ≤98% yield, >99% ee) in the presence of quinine-derived squaramide. Further transformation of the intermediate would generate a variety of versatile functional blocks like α-difluoromethyl amines, β-amino acid, and β-diamine with retention of the enantiomeric excess at the difluoromethyl-bound carbon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengyun Gao
- The Institute of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Yifei Guo
- The Institute of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Mengmeng Sun
- The Institute of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Yalan Wang
- The Institute of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Changyan Yang
- The Institute of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Yuqiang Wang
- The Institute of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Kairong Wang
- The Institute of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Wenjin Yan
- The Institute of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
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12
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Xiang M, Ghosh A, Krische MJ. Diastereo- and Enantioselective Ruthenium-Catalyzed C-C Coupling of 1-Arylpropynes and Alcohols: Alkynes as Chiral Allylmetal Precursors in Carbonyl anti-(α-Aryl)allylation. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:2838-2845. [PMID: 33555867 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c12242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Highly tractable 1-aryl-1-propynes, which are readily accessible via Sonogashira coupling, serve as chiral allylmetal pronucleophiles in ruthenium-JOSIPHOS-catalyzed anti-diastereo- and enantioselective aldehyde (α-aryl)allylations with primary aliphatic or benzylic alcohol proelectrophiles. This method enables convergent construction of homoallylic sec-phenethyl alcohols bearing tertiary benzylic stereocenters. Both steric and electronic features of aryl sulfonic acid additives were shown to contribute to the efficiency with which a more selective and productive iodide-bound ruthenium catalyst is formed. As corroborated by isotopic labeling studies, a dual catalytic process is operative in which alkyne-to-allene isomerization is followed by allene-carbonyl reductive coupling via hydrogen auto-transfer. Crossover of ruthenium hydrides emanating from these two discrete catalytic events is observed. The utility of this method is illustrated by conversion of selected reaction products to the corresponding phenethylamines and the first total syntheses of the neolignan natural products (-)-crataegusanoids A-D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Xiang
- University of Texas at Austin, Department of Chemistry, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Ankan Ghosh
- University of Texas at Austin, Department of Chemistry, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Michael J Krische
- University of Texas at Austin, Department of Chemistry, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
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13
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Gao F, Li B, Wang Y, Chen Q, Li Y, Wang K, Yan W. Stereoselective synthetic strategies of stereogenic carbon centers featuring a difluoromethyl group. Org Chem Front 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1qo00032b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The scope of this review is to summarize routine asymmetric synthetic methods which enable the effective and selective introduction of difluoromethyl groups into the desired compounds, providing a general introduction to this important research area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengyun Gao
- The Institute of Pharmacology
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province
- School of Basic Medical Sciences
- Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou 730000
| | - Boyu Li
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Liverpool
- Liverpool L69 7ZD
- UK
| | - Yalan Wang
- The Institute of Pharmacology
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province
- School of Basic Medical Sciences
- Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou 730000
| | - Qushuo Chen
- The Institute of Pharmacology
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province
- School of Basic Medical Sciences
- Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou 730000
| | - Yongzhen Li
- The Institute of Pharmacology
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province
- School of Basic Medical Sciences
- Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou 730000
| | - Kairong Wang
- The Institute of Pharmacology
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province
- School of Basic Medical Sciences
- Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou 730000
| | - Wenjin Yan
- The Institute of Pharmacology
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province
- School of Basic Medical Sciences
- Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou 730000
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14
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Feng S, Tang Y, Yang C, Shen C, Dong K. Synthesis of Enantioenriched α,α-Difluoro-β-arylbutanoic Esters by Pd-Catalyzed Asymmetric Hydrogenation. Org Lett 2020; 22:7508-7512. [PMID: 32945684 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c02700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Synthesis of optically active gem-difluorinated organic molecules attracts a great deal of interest due to their unique properties in pharmaceutical and agrochemical areas. Herein, a series of enantioenriched α,α-difluoro-β-arylbutanoic esters were prepared in high yields (83-99%) with moderate to excellent enantioselectivities (≤97:3 er) by palladium-catalyzed asymmetric hydrogenation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sitian Feng
- Chang-Kung Chuang Institute and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, P. R. China
| | - Yitian Tang
- Chang-Kung Chuang Institute and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, P. R. China
| | - Chenjue Yang
- Chang-Kung Chuang Institute and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, P. R. China
| | - Chaoren Shen
- Chang-Kung Chuang Institute and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, P. R. China
| | - Kaiwu Dong
- Chang-Kung Chuang Institute and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, P. R. China
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15
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Kim T, Jeong HM, Venkateswarlu A, Ryu DH. Highly Enantioselective Allylation Reactions of Aldehydes with Allyltrimethylsilane Catalyzed by a Chiral Oxazaborolidinium Ion. Org Lett 2020; 22:5198-5201. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c01820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Taehyeong Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye-Min Jeong
- Department of Chemistry, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Do Hyun Ryu
- Department of Chemistry, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
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16
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Huang WS, Delcourt ML, Pannecoucke X, Charette AB, Poisson T, Jubault P. Catalytic Asymmetric Synthesis of α,α-Difluoromethylated and α-Fluoromethylated Tertiary Alcohols. Org Lett 2019; 21:7509-7513. [PMID: 31497967 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b02792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The catalytic asymmetric synthesis of α,α-difluoromethylated tertiary alcohols is described, using an asymmetric dihydroxylation reaction. This protocol using either the AD-mix-α or AD-mix-β allowed an easy access to these valuable fluorinated chiral building blocks, which have been obtained with excellent yields and er. In addition, the reaction was extended to the α-fluoromethylated analogues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Sheng Huang
- Normandie Université, INSA Rouen , UNIROUEN, CNRS, COBRA (UMR 6014), 76000 Rouen , France
| | - Marie-Léonie Delcourt
- Normandie Université, INSA Rouen , UNIROUEN, CNRS, COBRA (UMR 6014), 76000 Rouen , France
| | - Xavier Pannecoucke
- Normandie Université, INSA Rouen , UNIROUEN, CNRS, COBRA (UMR 6014), 76000 Rouen , France
| | - André B Charette
- Centre in Green Chemistry and Catalysis, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Department of Chemistry , Université de Montréal , P.O. Box 6128, Station Downtown , Montréal , Québec H3C 3J7 , Canada
| | - Thomas Poisson
- Normandie Université, INSA Rouen , UNIROUEN, CNRS, COBRA (UMR 6014), 76000 Rouen , France.,Institut Universitaire de France , 1 rue Descartes , 75231 Paris , France
| | - Philippe Jubault
- Normandie Université, INSA Rouen , UNIROUEN, CNRS, COBRA (UMR 6014), 76000 Rouen , France
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17
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Sandmeier T, Goetzke FW, Krautwald S, Carreira EM. Iridium-Catalyzed Enantioselective Allylic Substitution with Aqueous Solutions of Nucleophiles. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:12212-12218. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b05830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Sandmeier
- ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3, HCI, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | | | - Simon Krautwald
- ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3, HCI, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
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18
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Tauber J, Schwartz LA, Krische MJ. Catalytic Enantioselective Synthesis of Chiral Organofluorine Compounds: Alcohol-Mediated Hydrogen Transfer for Catalytic Carbonyl Reductive Coupling. Org Process Res Dev 2019; 23:730-736. [PMID: 32982140 DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.9b00035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Alcohol-mediated carbonyl addition has enabled catalytic enantioselective syntheses of diverse fluorine-containing compounds without the need for stoichiometric metals or discrete redox manipulations. Reactions of this type may be separated into two broad categories: redox-neutral hydrogen auto-transfer reactions wherein lower alcohols and n-unsaturated pronucleophiles are converted to higher alcohols and corresponding 2-propanol mediated carbonyl reductive couplings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Tauber
- University of Texas at Austin, Department of Chemistry, Welch Hall (A5300), 105 E 24 St., Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Leyah A Schwartz
- University of Texas at Austin, Department of Chemistry, Welch Hall (A5300), 105 E 24 St., Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Michael J Krische
- University of Texas at Austin, Department of Chemistry, Welch Hall (A5300), 105 E 24 St., Austin, TX 78712, USA
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19
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Schwartz LA, Holmes M, Brito GA, Gonçalves TP, Richardson J, Ruble JC, Huang KW, Krische MJ. Cyclometalated Iridium-PhanePhos Complexes Are Active Catalysts in Enantioselective Allene-Fluoral Reductive Coupling and Related Alcohol-Mediated Carbonyl Additions That Form Acyclic Quaternary Carbon Stereocenters. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:2087-2096. [PMID: 30681850 PMCID: PMC6423978 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b11868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Iridium complexes modified by the chiral phosphine ligand PhanePhos catalyze the 2-propanol-mediated reductive coupling of diverse 1,1-disubstituted allenes 1a-1u with fluoral hydrate 2a to form CF3-substituted secondary alcohols 3a-3u that incorporate acyclic quaternary carbon-containing stereodiads. By exploiting concentration-dependent stereoselectivity effects related to the interconversion of kinetic ( Z)- and thermodynamic ( E)-σ-allyliridium isomers, adducts 3a-3u are formed with complete levels of branched regioselectivity and high levels of anti-diastereo- and enantioselectivity. The utility of this method for construction of CF3-oxetanes and CF3-azetidines is illustrated by the formation of 4a and 6a, respectively. Studies of the reaction mechanism aimed at illuminating the singular effectiveness of PhanePhos as a supporting ligand in this and related transformations have led to the identification of a chromatographically stable cyclometalated iridium-( R)-PhanePhos complex, Ir-PP-I, that is catalytically competent for allene-fluoral reductive coupling and previously reported transfer hydrogenative C-C couplings of dienes or CF3-allenes with methanol. Deuterium labeling studies, reaction progress kinetic analysis (RPKA) and computational studies corroborate a catalytic mechanism involving rapid allene hydrometalation followed by turnover-limiting carbonyl addition. A computationally determined stereochemical model shows that the ortho-CH2 group of the cyclometalated iridium-PhanePhos complex plays a key role in directing diastereo- and enantioselectivity. The collective data provide key insights into the structural-interactional features of allyliridium complexes required to enforce nucleophilic character, which should inform the design of related cyclometalated catalysts for umpoled allylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leyah A Schwartz
- Department of Chemistry , University of Texas at Austin , Austin , Texas 78712 , United States
| | - Michael Holmes
- Department of Chemistry , University of Texas at Austin , Austin , Texas 78712 , United States
| | - Gilmar A Brito
- Department of Chemistry , University of Texas at Austin , Austin , Texas 78712 , United States
| | - Théo P Gonçalves
- KAUST Catalysis Center and Division of Physical Sciences and Engineering , King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) , Thuwal 23955-6900 , Saudi Arabia
| | - Jeffery Richardson
- Discovery Chemistry Research and Technologies , Eli Lilly and Company Limited , Erl Wood Manor , Windlesham , Surrey GU20 6PH , United Kingdom
| | - J Craig Ruble
- Discovery Chemistry Research and Technologies , Eli Lilly and Company , Indianapolis , Indiana 46285 , United States
| | - Kuo-Wei Huang
- KAUST Catalysis Center and Division of Physical Sciences and Engineering , King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) , Thuwal 23955-6900 , Saudi Arabia
| | - Michael J Krische
- Department of Chemistry , University of Texas at Austin , Austin , Texas 78712 , United States
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20
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Schwarz JL, Schäfers F, Tlahuext-Aca A, Lückemeier L, Glorius F. Diastereoselective Allylation of Aldehydes by Dual Photoredox and Chromium Catalysis. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:12705-12709. [PMID: 30216059 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b08052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we report the redox-neutral allylation of aldehydes with readily available electron-rich allyl (hetero-) arenes, β-alkyl styrenes and allyl-diarylamines. This process was enabled by the combination of photoredox and chromium catalysis, which allowed a range of homoallylic alcohols to be prepared with high levels of selectivity for the anti diastereomer. Mechanistic investigations support the formation of an allyl chromium intermediate from allylic C(sp3)-H bonds and thus significantly extends the scope of the venerable Nozaki-Hiyama-Kishi reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Luca Schwarz
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut , Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster , Corrensstraße 40 , 48149 Münster , Germany
| | - Felix Schäfers
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut , Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster , Corrensstraße 40 , 48149 Münster , Germany
| | - Adrian Tlahuext-Aca
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut , Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster , Corrensstraße 40 , 48149 Münster , Germany
| | - Lukas Lückemeier
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut , Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster , Corrensstraße 40 , 48149 Münster , Germany
| | - Frank Glorius
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut , Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster , Corrensstraße 40 , 48149 Münster , Germany
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