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Mishra R, Saha A, Chatterjee P, Bhattacharyya A, Patra AK. Ruthenium(II) Polypyridyl-Based Photocages for an Anticancer Phytochemical Diallyl Sulfide: Comparative Dark and Photoreactivity Studies of Caged and Precursor Uncaged Complexes. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:18839-18855. [PMID: 37930798 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c02038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
The spatiotemporal control over the drug's action offered by ruthenium(II) polypyridyl complexes by the selective activation of the prodrug inside the tumor has beaconed toward much-desired selectivity issues in cancer chemotherapy. The photocaging of anticancer bioactive ligands attached synergistically with cytotoxic Ru(II) polypyridyl cores and selective release thereof in cancer cells are a promising modality for more effective drug action. Diallyl sulfide (DAS) naturally found in garlic has anticancer, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory activities. Herein, we designed two Ru(II) polypyridyl complexes to cage DAS having a thioether-based donor site. For in-depth photocaging studies, we compared the reactivity of the DAS-caged compounds with the uncaged Ru(II)-complexes with the general formula [Ru(ttp)(NN)(L)]+/2+. Here, in the first series, ttp = p-tolyl terpyridine, NN = phen (1,10-phenanthroline), and L = Cl- (1-Cl) and H2O (1-H2O), while for the second series, NN = dpq (pyrazino[2,3-f][1,10]phenanthroline), and L = Cl- (2-Cl) and H2O (2-H2O). The reaction of DAS with 1-H2O and 2-H2O yielded the caged complexes [Ru(ttp)(NN)(DAS)](PF6)2, i.e., 1-DAS and 2-DAS, respectively. The complexes were structurally characterized by X-ray crystallography, and the solution-state characterization was done by 1H NMR and ESI-MS studies. Photoinduced release of DAS from the Ru(II) core was monitored by 1H NMR and UV-vis spectroscopy. When irradiated with a 470 nm blue LED in DMSO, the photosubstitution quantum yields (Φ) of 0.035 and 0.057 were observed for 1-DAS and 2-DAS, respectively. Intriguing solution-state speciation and kinetic behaviors of the uncaged and caged Ru(II)-complexes emerged from 1H NMR studies in the dark, and they are depicted in this work. The caged 1-DAS and 2-DAS complexes remained mostly structurally intact for a reasonably long period in DMSO. The uncaged 1-Cl and 2-Cl complexes, although did not undergo substitution in only DMSO but in the 10% DMSO/H2O mixture, completely converted to the corresponding DMSO-adduct within 16 h. Toward gaining insights into the reactivity with the biological targets, we observed that 1-Cl upon hydrolysis formed an adduct with 5'-GMP, while a small amount of GSSG-adduct was observed when 1-Cl was reacted with GSH in H2O at 323 K. 1-Cl after hydrolysis reacted with l-methionine, although the rate was slightly slower compared with that with DMSO, suggesting varying reaction kinetics with different sulfur-based linkages. Although 1-H2O reacted with sulfoxide and thioether ligands at room temperature, the rate was much faster at higher temperatures obviously, and thiol-based systems needed higher thermal energy for conjugation. Overall, these studies provide insight for thoughtful design of new generation Ru(II) polypyridyl complexes for caging suitable bioactive organic molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramranjan Mishra
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208016, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Abhijit Saha
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208016, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Pritha Chatterjee
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208016, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Atish Bhattacharyya
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208016, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ashis K Patra
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208016, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Abstract
Ruthenium(II) polypyridyl complexes form a vast family of molecules characterized by their finely tuned photochemical and photophysical properties. Their ability to undergo excited-state deactivation via photosubstitution reactions makes them quite unique in inorganic photochemistry. As a consequence, they have been used, in general, for building dynamic molecular systems responsive to light but, more particularly, in the field of oncology, as prodrugs for a new cancer treatment modality called photoactivated chemotherapy (PACT). Indeed, the ability of a coordination bond to be selectively broken under visible light irradiation offers fascinating perspectives in oncology: it is possible to make poorly toxic agents in the dark that become activated toward cancer cell killing by simple visible light irradiation of the compound inside a tumor. In this Perspective, we review the most important concepts behind the PACT idea, the relationship between ruthenium compounds used for PACT and those used for a related phototherapeutic approach called photodynamic therapy (PDT), and we discuss important questions about real-life applications of PACT in the clinic. We conclude this Perspective with important challenges in the field and an outlook.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvestre Bonnet
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333CC Leiden, The Netherlands
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3
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He G, He M, Wang R, Li X, Hu H, Wang D, Wang Z, Lu Y, Xu N, Du J, Fan J, Peng X, Sun W. A Near‐Infrared Light‐Activated Photocage Based on a Ruthenium Complex for Cancer Phototherapy. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202218768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Guangli He
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals Frontiers Science Center for Smart Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering Dalian University of Technology Dalian 116024 China
| | - Maomao He
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals Frontiers Science Center for Smart Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering Dalian University of Technology Dalian 116024 China
| | - Ran Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals Frontiers Science Center for Smart Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering Dalian University of Technology Dalian 116024 China
| | - Xuezhao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals Frontiers Science Center for Smart Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering Dalian University of Technology Dalian 116024 China
| | - Hanze Hu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering Columbia University New York NY 10027 USA
| | - Dongsheng Wang
- School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering University of Electronic Science and Technology of China Chengdu 610054 China
| | - Ziqian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals Frontiers Science Center for Smart Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering Dalian University of Technology Dalian 116024 China
| | - Yang Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals Frontiers Science Center for Smart Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering Dalian University of Technology Dalian 116024 China
| | - Ning Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals Frontiers Science Center for Smart Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering Dalian University of Technology Dalian 116024 China
| | - Jianjun Du
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals Frontiers Science Center for Smart Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering Dalian University of Technology Dalian 116024 China
- Ningbo Institute of Dalian University of Technology 26 Yucai Road, Jiangbei District Ningbo 315016 China
| | - Jiangli Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals Frontiers Science Center for Smart Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering Dalian University of Technology Dalian 116024 China
- Ningbo Institute of Dalian University of Technology 26 Yucai Road, Jiangbei District Ningbo 315016 China
| | - Xiaojun Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals Frontiers Science Center for Smart Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering Dalian University of Technology Dalian 116024 China
| | - Wen Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals Frontiers Science Center for Smart Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering Dalian University of Technology Dalian 116024 China
- Ningbo Institute of Dalian University of Technology 26 Yucai Road, Jiangbei District Ningbo 315016 China
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4
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Zeng X, Wang Y, Huang YS, Han J, Sun W, Butt HJ, Liang XJ, Wu S. Amphiphilic Metallodrug Assemblies with Red-Light-Enhanced Cellular Internalization and Tumor Penetration for Anticancer Phototherapy. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2022; 18:e2205461. [PMID: 36366920 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202205461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2022] [Revised: 10/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Metallodrugs are widely used in cancer treatment. The modification of metallodrugs with polyethylene glycol (PEGylation) prolongs blood circulation and improves drug accumulation in tumors; it represents a general strategy for drug delivery. However, PEGylation hinders cellular internalization and tumor penetration, which reduce therapeutic efficacy. Herein, the red-light-enhanced cellular internalization and tumor penetration of a PEGylated anticancer agent, PEGylated Ru complex (Ru-PEG), are reported upon. Ru-PEG contains a red-light-cleavable PEG ligand, anticancer Ru complex moiety, and fluorescent pyrene group for imaging and self-assembly. Ru-PEG self-assembles into vesicles that circulate in the bloodstream and accumulate in the tumors. Red-light irradiation induces dePEGylation and changes the Ru-PEG vesicles to large compound micelles with smaller diameters and higher zeta potentials, which enhance tumor penetration and cellular internalization. Red-light irradiation also generates intracellular 1 O2 , which induces the death of cancer cells. This work presents a new strategy to enhance the cellular internalization and tumor penetration of anticancer agents for efficient phototherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolong Zeng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Anhui Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Science and Technology, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Yufei Wang
- Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yun-Shuai Huang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Anhui Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Science and Technology, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Jianxiong Han
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Anhui Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Science and Technology, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Wen Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Hi-Tech Zone, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Hans-Jürgen Butt
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Xing-Jie Liang
- Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Si Wu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Anhui Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Science and Technology, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
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Luo Y, Cao B, Zhong M, Liu M, Xiong X, Zou T. Organogold(III) Complexes Display Conditional Photoactivities: Evolving From Photodynamic into Photoactivated Chemotherapy in Response to O 2 Consumption for Robust Cancer Therapy. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202212689. [PMID: 36109339 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202212689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a spatiotemporally controllable, powerful approach in combating cancers but suffers from low activity under hypoxia, whereas photoactivated chemotherapy (PACT) operates in an O2 -independent manner but compromises the ability to harness O2 for potent photosensitization. Herein we report that cyclometalated gold(III)-alkyne complexes display a PDT-to-PACT evolving photoactivity for efficient cancer treatment. On the one hand, the gold(III) complexes can act as dual photosensitizers and substrates, leading to conditional PDT activity in oxygenated condition that progresses to highly efficient PACT (ϕ up to 0.63) when O2 is depleted in solution and under cellular environment. On the other hand, the conditional PDT-to-PACT reactivity can be triggered by external photosensitizers in a similar manner in vitro and in vivo, giving additional tumor-selectivity and/or deep tissue penetration by red-light irradiation that leads to robust anticancer efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunli Luo
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Bei Cao
- Warshel Institute for Computational Biology, and General Education Division, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, 518172, P. R. China
| | - Mingjie Zhong
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Moyi Liu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Xiaolin Xiong
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Taotao Zou
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
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6
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van de Griend C, van de Vijver JJ, Siegler MA, Dame RT, Bonnet S. Ruthenium-Locked Helical Chirality: A Barrier of Inversion and Formation of an Asymmetric Macrocycle. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:16045-16054. [PMID: 36171738 PMCID: PMC9554910 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c02447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Upon coordination to metal centers, tetradentate ligands
based
on the 6,6′-bis(2″-aminopyridyl)-2,2′-bipyridine
(bapbpy) structure form helical chiral complexes due to the steric
clash between the terminal pyridines of the ligand. For octahedral
ruthenium(II) complexes, the two additional axial ligands bound to
the metal center, when different, generate diastereotopic aromatic
protons that can be distinguished by NMR. Based on these geometrical
features, the inversion barrier of helical [RuII(L)(RR′SO)Cl]+ complexes, where L is a sterically hindered bapbpy derivative
and RR′SO is a chiral or achiral sulfoxide ligand, was studied
by variable-temperature 1H NMR. The coalescence energies
for the inversion of the helical chirality of [Ru(bapbpy)(DMSO)(Cl)]Cl
and [Ru(bapbpy)(MTSO)(Cl)]Cl (where MTSO is (R)-methyl p-tolylsulfoxide) were found to be 43 and 44 kJ/mol, respectively.
By contrast, in [Ru(biqbpy)(DMSO)(Cl)]Cl (biqbpy = 6,6′-bis(aminoquinolyl)-2,2′-bipyridine),
increased strain caused by the larger terminal quinoline groups resulted
in a coalescence temperature higher than 376 K, which pointed to an
absence of helical chirality inversion at room temperature. Further
increasing the steric strain by introducing methoxy groups ortho to
the nitrogen atoms of the terminal pyridyl groups in bapbpy resulted
in the serendipitous discovery of a ring-closing reaction that took
place upon trying to make [Ru(OMe-bapbpy)(DMSO)Cl]+ (OMe-bapbpy
= 6,6′-bis(6-methoxy-aminopyridyl)-2,2′-bipyridine).
This reaction generated, in excellent yields, a chiral complex [Ru(L″)(DMSO)Cl]Cl,
where L″ is an asymmetric tetrapyridyl macrocycle. This unexpected
transformation appears to be specific to ruthenium(II) as macrocyclization
did not occur upon coordination of the same ligand to palladium(II)
or rhodium(III). Ruthenium
complexes based on the bapbpy ligand form helical
chiral complexes due to the steric clash between their terminal pyridyl
groups. The coalescence energy for the inversion of this helical chirality
was 43 kJ/mol according to variable temperature NMR. Increasing the
steric strain by replacing terminal pyridyl groups with quinolyl groups
blocked helical interconversion, while introducing ortho-methoxy groups resulted in an unexpected ring-closing reaction,
forming a dissymmetric macrocycle bound to ruthenium in excellent
yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corjan van de Griend
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, Leiden 2333CC, The Netherlands
| | - Johannes J van de Vijver
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, Leiden 2333CC, The Netherlands
| | - Maxime A Siegler
- Small molecule X-ray facility, Department of Chemistry, John Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Remus T Dame
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, Leiden 2333CC, The Netherlands
| | - Sylvestre Bonnet
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, Leiden 2333CC, The Netherlands
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7
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Sinha N, Pfund B, Wegeberg C, Prescimone A, Wenger OS. Cobalt(III) Carbene Complex with an Electronic Excited-State Structure Similar to Cyclometalated Iridium(III) Compounds. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:9859-9873. [PMID: 35623627 PMCID: PMC9490849 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c02592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
![]()
Many organometallic
iridium(III) complexes have photoactive excited
states with mixed metal-to-ligand and intraligand charge transfer
(MLCT/ILCT) character, which form the basis for numerous applications
in photophysics and photochemistry. Cobalt(III) complexes with analogous
MLCT excited-state properties seem to be unknown yet, despite the
fact that iridium(III) and cobalt(III) can adopt identical low-spin
d6 valence electron configurations due to their close chemical
relationship. Using a rigid tridentate chelate ligand (LCNC), in which a central amido π-donor is flanked by two σ-donating
N-heterocyclic carbene subunits, we obtained a robust homoleptic complex
[Co(LCNC)2](PF6), featuring a photoactive
excited state with substantial MLCT character. Compared to the vast
majority of isoelectronic iron(II) complexes, the MLCT state of [Co(LCNC)2](PF6) is long-lived because it
does not deactivate as efficiently into lower-lying metal-centered
excited states; furthermore, it engages directly in photoinduced electron
transfer reactions. The comparison with [Fe(LCNC)2](PF6), as well as structural, electrochemical, and UV–vis
transient absorption studies, provides insight into new ligand design
principles for first-row transition-metal complexes with photophysical
and photochemical properties reminiscent of those known from the platinum
group metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narayan Sinha
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, St. Johanns-Ring 19, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Björn Pfund
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, St. Johanns-Ring 19, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Christina Wegeberg
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, St. Johanns-Ring 19, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Alessandro Prescimone
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, BPR 1096, Mattenstrasse 24a, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Oliver S Wenger
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, St. Johanns-Ring 19, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
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He M, He G, Wang P, Jiang S, Jiao Z, Xi D, Miao P, Leng X, Wei Z, Li Y, Yang Y, Wang R, Du J, Fan J, Sun W, Peng X. A Sequential Dual-Model Strategy Based on Photoactivatable Metallopolymer for On-Demand Release of Photosensitizers and Anticancer Drugs. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2021; 8:e2103334. [PMID: 34664422 PMCID: PMC8655221 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202103334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 09/04/2021] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The synergistic combination of chemotherapy and photodynamic therapy has attracted considerable attention for its enhanced antitumoral effects; however, it remains challenging to successfully delivery photosensitizers and anticancer drugs while minimizing drug leakage at off-target sites. A red-light-activatable metallopolymer, Poly(Ru/PTX), is synthesized for combined chemo-photodynamic therapy. The polymer has a biodegradable backbone that contains a photosensitizer Ru complex and the anticancer drug paclitaxel (PTX) via a singlet oxygen (1 O2 ) cleavable linker. The polymer self-assembles into nanoparticles, which can efficiently accumulate at the tumor sites during blood circulation. The distribution of the therapeutic agents is synchronized because the Ru complex and PTX are covalently conjugate to the polymer, and off-target toxicity during circulation is also mostly avoided. Red light irradiation at the tumor directly cleaves the Ru complex and produces 1 O2 for photodynamic therapy. Sequentially, the generated 1 O2 triggers the breakage of the linker to release the PTX for chemotherapy. Therefore, this novel sequential dual-model release strategy creates a synergistic chemo-photodynamic therapy while minimizing drug leakage. This study offers a new platform to develop smart delivery systems for the on-demand release of therapeutic agents in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maomao He
- State Key Laboratory of Fine ChemicalsLiaoning key Laboratory of Polymer Science and EngineeringSchool of Chemical EngineeringDalian University of TechnologyDalian116024China
| | - Guangli He
- State Key Laboratory of Fine ChemicalsLiaoning key Laboratory of Polymer Science and EngineeringSchool of Chemical EngineeringDalian University of TechnologyDalian116024China
| | - Peiyuan Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional NanostructuresFujian Institute of Research on the Structure of MatterChinese Academy of SciencesFuzhou350002China
| | - Suhua Jiang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional NanostructuresFujian Institute of Research on the Structure of MatterChinese Academy of SciencesFuzhou350002China
| | - Ziyue Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Fine ChemicalsLiaoning key Laboratory of Polymer Science and EngineeringSchool of Chemical EngineeringDalian University of TechnologyDalian116024China
| | - Dongmei Xi
- State Key Laboratory of Fine ChemicalsLiaoning key Laboratory of Polymer Science and EngineeringSchool of Chemical EngineeringDalian University of TechnologyDalian116024China
| | - Pengcheng Miao
- State Key Laboratory of Fine ChemicalsLiaoning key Laboratory of Polymer Science and EngineeringSchool of Chemical EngineeringDalian University of TechnologyDalian116024China
| | - Xuefei Leng
- State Key Laboratory of Fine ChemicalsLiaoning key Laboratory of Polymer Science and EngineeringSchool of Chemical EngineeringDalian University of TechnologyDalian116024China
| | - Zhiyong Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Fine ChemicalsLiaoning key Laboratory of Polymer Science and EngineeringSchool of Chemical EngineeringDalian University of TechnologyDalian116024China
| | - Yang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Fine ChemicalsLiaoning key Laboratory of Polymer Science and EngineeringSchool of Chemical EngineeringDalian University of TechnologyDalian116024China
| | - Yanjun Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine ChemicalsLiaoning key Laboratory of Polymer Science and EngineeringSchool of Chemical EngineeringDalian University of TechnologyDalian116024China
| | - Ran Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine ChemicalsLiaoning key Laboratory of Polymer Science and EngineeringSchool of Chemical EngineeringDalian University of TechnologyDalian116024China
| | - Jianjun Du
- State Key Laboratory of Fine ChemicalsLiaoning key Laboratory of Polymer Science and EngineeringSchool of Chemical EngineeringDalian University of TechnologyDalian116024China
- Ningbo Institute of Dalian University of TechnologyNingbo315016China
| | - Jiangli Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Fine ChemicalsLiaoning key Laboratory of Polymer Science and EngineeringSchool of Chemical EngineeringDalian University of TechnologyDalian116024China
- Ningbo Institute of Dalian University of TechnologyNingbo315016China
| | - Wen Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Fine ChemicalsLiaoning key Laboratory of Polymer Science and EngineeringSchool of Chemical EngineeringDalian University of TechnologyDalian116024China
- Ningbo Institute of Dalian University of TechnologyNingbo315016China
| | - Xiaojun Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Fine ChemicalsLiaoning key Laboratory of Polymer Science and EngineeringSchool of Chemical EngineeringDalian University of TechnologyDalian116024China
- Ningbo Institute of Dalian University of TechnologyNingbo315016China
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9
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Busemann A, Flaspohler I, Zhou XQ, Schmidt C, Goetzfried SK, van Rixel VHS, Ott I, Siegler MA, Bonnet S. Ruthenium-based PACT agents based on bisquinoline chelates: synthesis, photochemistry, and cytotoxicity. J Biol Inorg Chem 2021; 26:667-674. [PMID: 34378103 PMCID: PMC8437835 DOI: 10.1007/s00775-021-01882-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The known ruthenium complex [Ru(tpy)(bpy)(Hmte)](PF6)2 ([1](PF6)2, where tpy = 2,2':6',2″-terpyridine, bpy = 2,2'-bipyridine, Hmte = 2-(methylthio)ethanol) is photosubstitutionally active but non-toxic to cancer cells even upon light irradiation. In this work, the two analogs complexes [Ru(tpy)(NN)(Hmte)](PF6)2, where NN = 3,3'-biisoquinoline (i-biq, [2](PF6)2) and di(isoquinolin-3-yl)amine (i-Hdiqa, [3](PF6)2), were synthesized and their photochemistry and phototoxicity evaluated to assess their suitability as photoactivated chemotherapy (PACT) agents. The increase of the aromatic surface of [2](PF6)2 and [3](PF6)2, compared to [1](PF6)2, leads to higher lipophilicity and higher cellular uptake for the former complexes. Such improved uptake is directly correlated to the cytotoxicity of these compounds in the dark: while [2](PF6)2 and [3](PF6)2 showed low EC50 values in human cancer cells, [1](PF6)2 is not cytotoxic due to poor cellular uptake. While stable in the dark, all complexes substituted the protecting thioether ligand upon light irradiation (520 nm), with the highest photosubstitution quantum yield found for [3](PF6)2 (Φ[3] = 0.070). Compounds [2](PF6)2 and [3](PF6)2 were found both more cytotoxic after light activation than in the dark, with a photo index of 4. Considering the very low singlet oxygen quantum yields of these compounds, and the lack of cytotoxicity of the photoreleased Hmte thioether ligand, it can be concluded that the toxicity observed after light activation is due to the photoreleased aqua complexes [Ru(tpy)(NN)(OH2)]2+, and thus that [2](PF6)2 and [3](PF6)2 are promising PACT candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja Busemann
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333CC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Ingrid Flaspohler
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333CC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Xue-Quan Zhou
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333CC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Claudia Schmidt
- Institute of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Beethovenstrasse 55, 38106, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Sina K Goetzfried
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333CC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Vincent H S van Rixel
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333CC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Ingo Ott
- Institute of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Beethovenstrasse 55, 38106, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Maxime A Siegler
- Small Molecule X-Ray Facility, Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, 21218, USA
| | - Sylvestre Bonnet
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333CC, Leiden, The Netherlands.
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10
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Vogt N, Sandleben A, Kletsch L, Schäfer S, Chin MT, Vicic DA, Hörner G, Klein A. Role of the X Coligands in Cyclometalated [Ni(Phbpy)X] Complexes (HPhbpy = 6-Phenyl-2,2′-bipyridine). Organometallics 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.1c00237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Vogt
- Department für Chemie, Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität zu Köln, Greinstraße 6, D-50939 Köln, Germany
| | - Aaron Sandleben
- Department für Chemie, Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität zu Köln, Greinstraße 6, D-50939 Köln, Germany
| | - Lukas Kletsch
- Department für Chemie, Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität zu Köln, Greinstraße 6, D-50939 Köln, Germany
| | - Sascha Schäfer
- Department für Chemie, Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität zu Köln, Greinstraße 6, D-50939 Köln, Germany
| | - Mason T. Chin
- Department of Chemistry, Lehigh University, 6 East Packer Avenue, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015, United States
| | - David A. Vicic
- Department of Chemistry, Lehigh University, 6 East Packer Avenue, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015, United States
| | - Gerald Hörner
- Institut für Chemie, Anorganische Chemie IV, Universität Bayreuth, Universitätsstraße 30, D-95440 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Axel Klein
- Department für Chemie, Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität zu Köln, Greinstraße 6, D-50939 Köln, Germany
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11
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Cao M, Zhu J, Zhi Z, Ye B, Yao S, Zhang X. Thermodynamic Resolution of Pharmaceutical Precursor Modafinil Acid on the Basis of
Chiral‐at‐Metal
Strategy. CHINESE J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.202000729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Man‐Li Cao
- Department of Chemistry, Guangdong University of Education Guangzhou Guangdong 510303 China
| | - Jun‐Ling Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, Guangdong University of Education Guangzhou Guangdong 510303 China
| | - Zhong‐Lan Zhi
- Department of Chemistry, Guangdong University of Education Guangzhou Guangdong 510303 China
| | - Bao‐Hui Ye
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat‐sen University Guangzhou Guangdong 510275 China
| | - Su‐Yang Yao
- Department of Chemistry, Guangdong University of Education Guangzhou Guangdong 510303 China
| | - Xiu‐Lian Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Guangdong University of Education Guangzhou Guangdong 510303 China
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12
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He M, Chen F, Shao D, Weis P, Wei Z, Sun W. Photoresponsive metallopolymer nanoparticles for cancer theranostics. Biomaterials 2021; 275:120915. [PMID: 34102525 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2021.120915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Over the past decades, transition metal complexes have been successfully used in anticancer phototherapies. They have shown promising properties in many different areas including photo-induced ligand exchange or release, rich excited state behavior, and versatile biochemical properties. When encorporated into polymeric frameworks and become part of nanostructures, photoresponsive metallopolymer nanoparticles (MPNs) show enhanced water solubility, extended blood circulation and increased tumor-specific accumulation, which greatly improves the tumor therapeutic effects compared to low-molecule-weight metal complexes. In this review, we aim to present the recent development of photoresponsive MPNs as therapeutic nanomedicines. This review will summarize four major areas separately, namely platinum-containing polymers, zinc-containing polymers, iridium-containing polymers and ruthenium-containing polymers. Representative MPNs of each type are discussed in terms of their design strategies, fabrication methods, and working mechanisms. Current challenges and future perspectives in this field are also highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maomao He
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Fangman Chen
- Institutes for Life Sciences, School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou International Campus, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510630, China
| | - Dan Shao
- Institutes for Life Sciences, School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou International Campus, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510630, China
| | - Philipp Weis
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Zhiyong Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China.
| | - Wen Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China.
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13
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Chiari L, Carpentier P, Kieffer-Jaquinod S, Gogny A, Perard J, Ravanel S, Cobessi D, Ménage S, Dumas R, Hamelin O. LEAFY protein crystals with a honeycomb structure as a platform for selective preparation of outstanding stable bio-hybrid materials. NANOSCALE 2021; 13:8901-8908. [PMID: 33949561 DOI: 10.1039/d1nr00268f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Well-organized protein assemblies offer many properties that justify their use for the design of innovative bionanomaterials. Herein, crystals of the oligomerization domain of the LEAFY protein from Ginkgo biloba, organized in a honeycomb architecture, were used as a modular platform for the selective grafting of a ruthenium-based complex. The resulting bio-hybrid crystalline material was fully characterized by UV-visible and Raman spectroscopy and by mass spectrometry and LC-MS analysis after selective enzymatic digestion. Interestingly, insertion of complexes within the tubular structure affords an impressive increase in stability of the crystals, eluding the use of stabilizing cross-linking strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucile Chiari
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, IRIG-LCBM, UMR5249, 38000, Grenoble, France.
| | - Philippe Carpentier
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, IRIG-LCBM, UMR5249, 38000, Grenoble, France. and ESRF, the European Synchrotron, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | | | - Alice Gogny
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, IRIG-LCBM, UMR5249, 38000, Grenoble, France.
| | - Julien Perard
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, IRIG-LCBM, UMR5249, 38000, Grenoble, France.
| | - Stéphane Ravanel
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, INRAE, IRIG-DBSCI-LPCV 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - David Cobessi
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, IBS 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Stéphane Ménage
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, IRIG-LCBM, UMR5249, 38000, Grenoble, France.
| | - Renaud Dumas
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, INRAE, IRIG-DBSCI-LPCV 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Olivier Hamelin
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, IRIG-LCBM, UMR5249, 38000, Grenoble, France.
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14
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Qu F, Lamb RW, Cameron CG, Park S, Oladipupo O, Gray JL, Xu Y, Cole HD, Bonizzoni M, Kim Y, McFarland SA, Webster CE, Papish ET. Singlet Oxygen Formation vs Photodissociation for Light-Responsive Protic Ruthenium Anticancer Compounds: The Oxygenated Substituent Determines Which Pathway Dominates. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:2138-2148. [PMID: 33534562 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c02027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Ruthenium complexes bearing protic diimine ligands are cytotoxic to certain cancer cells upon irradiation with blue light. Previously reported complexes of the type [(N,N)2Ru(6,6'-dhbp)]Cl2 with 6,6'-dhbp = 6,6'-dihydroxybipyridine and N,N = 2,2'-bipyridine (bipy) (1A), 1,10-phenanthroline (phen) (2A), and 2,3-dihydro-[1,4]dioxino[2,3-f][1,10]phenanthroline (dop) (3A) show EC50 values as low as 4 μM (for 3A) vs breast cancer cells upon blue light irradiation ( Inorg. Chem. 2017, 56, 7519). Herein, subscript A denotes the acidic form of the complex bearing OH groups, and B denotes the basic form bearing O- groups. This photocytotoxicity was originally attributed to photodissociation, but recent results suggest that singlet oxygen formation is a more plausible cause of photocytotoxicity. In particular, bulky methoxy substituents enhance photodissociation but these complexes are nontoxic ( Dalton Trans 2018, 47, 15685). Cellular studies are presented herein that show the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and apoptosis indicators upon treatment of cells with complex 3A and blue light. Singlet oxygen sensor green (SOSG) shows the formation of 1O2 in cell culture for cells treated with 3A and blue light. At physiological pH, complexes 1A-3A are deprotonated to form 1B-3B in situ. Quantum yields for 1O2 (ϕΔ) are 0.87 and 0.48 for 2B and 3B, respectively, and these are an order of magnitude higher than the quantum yields for 2A and 3A. The values for ϕΔ show an increase with 6,6'-dhbp derived substituents as follows: OMe < OH < O-. TD-DFT studies show that the presence of a low lying triplet metal-centered (3MC) state favors photodissociation and disfavors 1O2 formation for 2A and 3A (OH groups). However, upon deprotonation (O- groups), the 3MLCT state is accessible and can readily lead to 1O2 formation, but the dissociative 3MC state is energetically inaccessible. The changes to the energy of the 3MLCT state upon deprotonation have been confirmed by steady state luminescence experiments on 1A-3A and their basic analogs, 1B-3B. This energy landscape favors 1O2 formation for 2B and 3B and leads to enhanced toxicity for these complexes under physiological conditions. The ability to convert readily from OH to O- groups allowed us to investigate an electronic change that is not accompanied by steric changes in this fundamental study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengrui Qu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487, United States
| | - Robert W Lamb
- Department of Chemistry, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi 39762, United States
| | - Colin G Cameron
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas Arlington, Arlington, Texas 76019, United States
| | - Seungjo Park
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487, United States
| | - Olaitan Oladipupo
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487, United States
| | - Jessica L Gray
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487, United States
| | - Yifei Xu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487, United States
| | - Houston D Cole
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas Arlington, Arlington, Texas 76019, United States
| | - Marco Bonizzoni
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487, United States
| | - Yonghyun Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487, United States
| | - Sherri A McFarland
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas Arlington, Arlington, Texas 76019, United States
| | - Charles Edwin Webster
- Department of Chemistry, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi 39762, United States
| | - Elizabeth T Papish
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487, United States
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15
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Vittardi SB, Thapa Magar R, Breen DJ, Rack JJ. A Future Perspective on Phototriggered Isomerizations of Transition Metal Sulfoxides and Related Complexes. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:526-537. [PMID: 33400512 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c08820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Photochromic molecules are examples of light-activated bistable molecules. We highlight the design criteria for a class of ruthenium and osmium sulfoxide complexes that undergo phototriggered isomerization of the bound sulfoxide. The mode of action in these complexes is an excited-state isomerization of the sulfoxide from S-bonded to O-bonded. We discuss the basic mechanism for this transformation and highlight specific examples that demonstrate the effectiveness and efficiency of the isomerization. We subsequently discuss future research directions within the field of phototriggered sulfoxide isomerizations on transition metal polypyridine complexes. These efforts involve new synthetic directions, including the choice of metal as well as new ambidentate ligands for isomerization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian B Vittardi
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, 300 Terrace Street NE, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131-001 United States
| | - Rajani Thapa Magar
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, 300 Terrace Street NE, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131-001 United States
| | - Douglas J Breen
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, 300 Terrace Street NE, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131-001 United States
| | - Jeffrey J Rack
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, 300 Terrace Street NE, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131-001 United States
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16
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Scarpi-Luttenauer M, Geminiani L, Lebrun P, Kyritsakas N, Chaumont A, Henry M, Mobian P. Bent 1,10-Phenanthroline Ligands within Octahedral Complexes Constructed around a TiO 4N 2 Core. Inorg Chem 2020; 59:12005-12016. [PMID: 32805984 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c00915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of monomeric octahedral complexes constructed around a TiO4N2 core bearing neocuproine derivatives is detailed. These architectures follow the [Ti(1)2(N-N)] general formulas, where 1 is the 6,6'-diphenyl-2,2'-biphenolato ligand and N-N is a 1,10-phenanthroline derivative. Single-crystal analysis revealed that the neocuproine-based ligands within these architectures adopt a nonplanar geometry. The distortion of these aromatic diimine systems has been quantified through measurement of a torsion angle (α) and a dihedral angle (β) defined by two planes within the aromatic diimine molecule (π1 and π2), permitting one to evaluate the twisting and bending of a coordinated nitrogen ligand, respectively. Next, the scope of this investigation was extended to the synthesis of a dimeric architecture, [Ti2(1)4(3)], where 3 is the 5,5'-bis(neocuproine) ligand. Again, a strong distortion of the neocuproine fragments was characterized in the crystalline state for such a complex. The UV-visible properties of these complexes were interpreted with the help of time-dependent density functional theory calculations. The solution behavior as well as good hydrolytic stability of these species has been established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthieu Scarpi-Luttenauer
- Laboratoire de Chimie Moléculaire de l'Etat Solide, UMR 7140, UDS-CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, 4 rue Blaise Pascal, F-67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Loris Geminiani
- Laboratoire de Chimie Moléculaire de l'Etat Solide, UMR 7140, UDS-CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, 4 rue Blaise Pascal, F-67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Pauline Lebrun
- Laboratoire de Chimie Moléculaire de l'Etat Solide, UMR 7140, UDS-CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, 4 rue Blaise Pascal, F-67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Nathalie Kyritsakas
- Laboratoire de Tectonique Moléculaire, UMR 7140, UDS-CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, 4 rue Blaise Pascal, F-67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Alain Chaumont
- Laboratoire de Modélisation et Simulations Moléculaires, UMR 7140, UDS-CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, 4 rue Blaise Pascal, F-67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Marc Henry
- Laboratoire de Chimie Moléculaire de l'Etat Solide, UMR 7140, UDS-CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, 4 rue Blaise Pascal, F-67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Pierre Mobian
- Laboratoire de Chimie Moléculaire de l'Etat Solide, UMR 7140, UDS-CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, 4 rue Blaise Pascal, F-67000 Strasbourg, France
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17
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Luo H, Cao B, Chan ASC, Sun RW, Zou T. Cyclometalated Gold(III)‐Hydride Complexes Exhibit Visible Light‐Induced Thiol Reactivity and Act as Potent Photo‐Activated Anti‐Cancer Agents. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:11046-11052. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202000528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2020] [Revised: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hejiang Luo
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug DiscoverySchool of Pharmaceutical SciencesSun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou 510006 P. R. China
| | - Bei Cao
- Warshel Institute for Computational Biology, and General Education DivisionThe Chinese University of Hong Kong Shenzhen 518172 P. R. China
| | - Albert S. C. Chan
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug DiscoverySchool of Pharmaceutical SciencesSun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou 510006 P. R. China
| | | | - Taotao Zou
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug DiscoverySchool of Pharmaceutical SciencesSun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou 510006 P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination ChemistryNanjing University Nanjing 210093 P. R. China
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18
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Luo H, Cao B, Chan ASC, Sun RW, Zou T. Cyclometalated Gold(III)‐Hydride Complexes Exhibit Visible Light‐Induced Thiol Reactivity and Act as Potent Photo‐Activated Anti‐Cancer Agents. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202000528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hejiang Luo
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug DiscoverySchool of Pharmaceutical SciencesSun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou 510006 P. R. China
| | - Bei Cao
- Warshel Institute for Computational Biology, and General Education DivisionThe Chinese University of Hong Kong Shenzhen 518172 P. R. China
| | - Albert S. C. Chan
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug DiscoverySchool of Pharmaceutical SciencesSun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou 510006 P. R. China
| | | | - Taotao Zou
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug DiscoverySchool of Pharmaceutical SciencesSun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou 510006 P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination ChemistryNanjing University Nanjing 210093 P. R. China
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19
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Li LP, Peng HL, Ye BH. Thermodynamic Resolution and Enantioselective Synthesis of C2-Symmetric Bis-sulfoxides Based on Chiral Iridium(III) Complexes. Inorg Chem 2019; 58:12245-12253. [PMID: 31483628 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.9b01682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Enantiopure Λ-[Ir(dfppy)2(MeCN)2](PF6) and Δ-[Ir(dfppy)2(MeCN)2](PF6) (where dfppy is (4,6-difluoropheny)pyridine) were demonstrated to preferentially react with (S,S)-1,2-bis(arylsulfinyl)ethane and (R,R)-1,2-bis(arylsulfinyl)ethane, respectively, under thermodynamic equilibrium. Sequential treatment of Λ-[Ir(dfppy)2(MeCN)2](PF6) and Δ-[Ir(dfppy)2(MeCN)2](PF6) with C2-symmetric bis-sulfoxides led to diastereoselective formation of the corresponding diastereomers Λ-[Ir(dfppy)2(R,R)-bis-sulfoxide)](PF6) in 90-92% and Δ-[Ir(dfppy)2(S,S)-bis-sulfoxide)](PF6) in 88-90%, respectively. The uncoordinated (R,S)-bis-sulfoxides were afforded in 45% with >97% de values. Enantiopure (S,S)-bis-sulfoxides and (R,R)-bis-sulfoxides were respectively obtained by the release of sulfoxide ligands from the corresponding complexes in the presence of glycine in yields of 20-21% with 97-99% ee values. The enantioreceptors Λ-[Ir(dfppy)2(MeCN)2](PF6) and Δ-[Ir(dfppy)2(MeCN)2](PF6) can be recycled and reused in the next reaction cycle. Moreover, a protocol for asymmetric oxidation of prochiral bis-sulfide into enantiopure C2 symmetric bis-sulfoxide was also developed in a high enantioselectivity. The absolute configurations at the metal centers and sulfur atoms were determined by X-ray crystallography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Ping Li
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry , Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou 510275 , China
| | - He-Long Peng
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry , Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou 510275 , China
| | - Bao-Hui Ye
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry , Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou 510275 , China
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20
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Zhao J, Liu N, Sun S, Gou S, Wang X, Wang Z, Li X, Zhang W. Light-activated ruthenium (II)-bicalutamide prodrugs for prostate cancer. J Inorg Biochem 2019; 196:110684. [PMID: 31054419 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2019.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Revised: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Targeted delivery of clinically approved anticancer drug to tumor sites is an effective way to achieve enhanced drug efficacy as well as reduced side effects and toxicity. Here bicalutamide is caged by the Ru(II) center through the nitrile group, and three photoactive Ru(II) complexes were designed and synthesized. Docking study showed that the ruthenium(II) fragments can effectively block the binding of complexes 1-3 with AR (androgen receptor) owing to the large steric structures, thus bicalutamide in complexes 1-3 could not interact with AR-LBD (ligand binding domain). Once irradiation with blue light (465nm), complexes 1-3 can release bicalutamide and anticancer Ru(II) fragments, which possesses dual-action of AR binding and DNA interaction simultaneously. In vitro cytotoxicity study on these complexes further confirmed that complexes 1-3 exhibited considerable cytotoxicity upon irradiation with blue light. Significantly, complex 3 could be activated at 660nm, which greatly increases the scope of complex 3 to treat deeper within tissue. Theoretical calculations showed that the lowest singlet excitation energy of complex 3 is lower than those of complexes 1-2, which explains the experimental results well. Moreover, the 3MC (metal centered) states of these complexes are more stable than their 3MLCT (metal to ligand charge transfer) states, indicating that the photoactive processes of these complexes are likely to result in ligand dissociation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Zhao
- Research Center and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, and Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Biomedical Research, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
| | - Nannan Liu
- Research Center and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, and Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Biomedical Research, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
| | - Shuchen Sun
- Research Center and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, and Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Biomedical Research, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
| | - Shaohua Gou
- Research Center and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, and Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Biomedical Research, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China.
| | - Xinyi Wang
- Research Center and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, and Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Biomedical Research, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
| | - Zhimei Wang
- Research Center and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, and Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Biomedical Research, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
| | - Xiaoyan Li
- The College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province 450001, China
| | - Wenjing Zhang
- The College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province 450001, China.
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