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Ishigaki Y, Mizuno SI, Harimoto T, Shimajiri T, Suzuki T. Structural-Change-Induced Two-Stage Redox Behavior of Pentacenebisquinodimethane with Tricolor Chromism. Chem Asian J 2024; 19:e202400316. [PMID: 38818666 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202400316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Revised: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
Tricolor electrochromism was realized through the interconversion among the neutral (yellow), dicationic (green), and tetracationic (blue) states, even though only one kind of chromophore is generated upon oxidation. Both dicationic and tetracationic states were isolated as stable salts, and their different colors come from the effective inter-chromophore interaction only in the tetracationic state but not in the dicationic state. Despite the negligible Coulombic repulsion in the tetracationic state with four cyanine-type chromophores, pentacenebisquinodimethane undergoes stepwise two-stage two-electron oxidation when radical-stabilizing 5-(4-octyloxyphenyl)-2-thienyl groups are attached on the exomethylene bonds. A contribution from the biradical form only in the neutral state but not in the dicationic state is the reason for the observed negative cooperativity during the electrochemical oxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Ishigaki
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, N10 W8, North-ward, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-0810, JAPAN
| | - Shin-Ichi Mizuno
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, N10 W8, North-ward, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-0810, JAPAN
| | - Takashi Harimoto
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, N10 W8, North-ward, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-0810, JAPAN
| | - Takuya Shimajiri
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, N10 W8, North-ward, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-0810, JAPAN
- Creative Research Institution, Hokkaido University, N21 W10, North-ward, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 001-0021, JAPAN
| | - Takanori Suzuki
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, N10 W8, North-ward, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-0810, JAPAN
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2
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Sturm F, Bühler M, Stapper C, Schneider JS, Helten H, Fischer I, Röhr MIS. Impact of isoelectronic substitution on the excited state processes in polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons: a joint experimental and theoretical study of 4 a,8 a-azaboranaphthalene. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:7363-7370. [PMID: 38375909 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp05508f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
Substituting CC with the isoelectronic BN units is a promising approach to modify the optoelectronic properties of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. While computational studies have already addressed trends in the electronic structure of the various isosteres, experimental data are still scarce. Here, the excited state spectroscopy and dynamics of 4a,8a-azaboranaphthalene were studied by picosecond time-resolved photoionization in a supersonic jet and analyzed with the aid of XMS-CASPT2 and time-dependent DFT calculations. A resonance-enhanced multiphoton ionization spectrum (REMPI) reveals the S1 origin at = 33 830 ± 12 cm-1. Several vibrational bands were resolved and assigned by comparison with the computations. A [1+1] photoelectron spectrum via the S1 origin yielded an adiabatic ionization energy of 8.27 eV. Selected vibrational bands were subsequently investigated by pump-probe photoionization. While the origin as well as several low-lying vibronic states exhibit lifetimes in the ns-range, a monoexponential decay is observed at higher excitation energies, ranging from 400 ps at +1710 cm-1 to 13 ps at +3360 cm-1. The deactivation is attributed to an internal conversion of the optically excited S1 state via a barrier that gives access to a conical intersection (CI) to the S0 state. The doping significantly changes the energetic ordering of CIs and lowers the corresponding energy barrier for the associated deactivation pathway, as revealed by nudged elastic band (NEB) calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Floriane Sturm
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany.
| | - Michael Bühler
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany.
| | - Christoph Stapper
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany.
| | - Johannes S Schneider
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron (ICB), University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany.
| | - Holger Helten
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron (ICB), University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany.
| | - Ingo Fischer
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany.
| | - Merle I S Röhr
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany.
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3
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van Beek CM, Swarbrook AM, Creissen CE, Hawes CS, Gazis TA, Matthews PD. Juggling Optoelectronics and Catalysis: The Dual Talents of Bench Stable 1,4-Azaborinines. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202301944. [PMID: 38050753 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202301944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023]
Abstract
Boron- and nitrogen-doped polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (B-PAHs) have established a strong foothold in the realm of organic electronics. However, their catalytic potential remains largely untapped. In this study, we synthesise and characterise two bench stable B,N-doped PAH derivatives based on a 1,4-azaborinine motif. Most importantly, the anthracene derived structure is an efficient catalyst in the reduction of various carbonyls and imines. These results underscore the potential of B,N-PAHs in catalytic transformations, setting the stage for deeper exploration in this chemical space.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chloe M van Beek
- School of Chemical & Physical Sciences, Keele University, Newcastle-under-Lyme, Staffs, ST5 5BG, U.K
| | - Amelia M Swarbrook
- School of Chemical & Physical Sciences, Keele University, Newcastle-under-Lyme, Staffs, ST5 5BG, U.K
| | - Charles E Creissen
- School of Chemical & Physical Sciences, Keele University, Newcastle-under-Lyme, Staffs, ST5 5BG, U.K
| | - Chris S Hawes
- School of Chemical & Physical Sciences, Keele University, Newcastle-under-Lyme, Staffs, ST5 5BG, U.K
| | - Theodore A Gazis
- School of Chemical & Physical Sciences, Keele University, Newcastle-under-Lyme, Staffs, ST5 5BG, U.K
| | - Peter D Matthews
- School of Chemical & Physical Sciences, Keele University, Newcastle-under-Lyme, Staffs, ST5 5BG, U.K
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4
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Hassan AU, Sumrra SH. Structure-based screening of sp 2 hybridized small donor bridges as donor: acceptor switches for optical and photovoltaic applications: DFT way. J Mol Model 2024; 30:36. [PMID: 38206469 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-024-05836-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
CONTEXT This research aims to investigate the potential of pyrazine-based small donor moieties as donor-acceptor switches for optical and photovoltaic applications. The designed organic dyes have a high light harvesting efficiency (LHE) and can potentially generate significant electrical energy. METHODS The study focuses on understanding the structural and electronic properties of these dyes through the analysis of dihedral angles, bond lengths, and energies of frontier molecular orbitals The UV-Vis spectroscopy parameters of the designed organic dyes revealed their absorption characteristics, including transition energies, wavelengths (λmax), and oscillator strengths (f). The photovoltaic properties of the developed organic dyes show a range of values: a range of 0.95-0.99 for LHE and a range of 1.77-33.02 W for maximum power output (Pmax) with the highest value for dye DDP5. For their stabilization energies, their natural bond orbitals had values ranging from 0.56 to 128.48 kcal/mol, their E(j)E(i) values from 0.22 to 1.29 a.u, and their Fi,j values from 0.024 to 0.213 kcal/mol. Out of all dyes, the DDP5 produced highest push-pull effect and can be good choice for further studies. The design of these novel organic materials for effective and economical solar energy conversion will be aided by evaluating the potential of 5,10-diphenyl-5,10-dihydrophenazine as a donor moiety and determining the structure-property correlations controlling the photovoltaic performance of the compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abrar U Hassan
- Lunan Research Institute, Beijing Institute of Technology, 888 Zhengtai Road, Tengzhou, 277599, China.
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China.
| | - Sajjad H Sumrra
- Department of Chemistry, University of Gujrat, Gujrat, 50700, Punjab, Pakistan.
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5
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Zhang Y, Zheng X, Zhao X, Xu H, Ma Y, Ji L. Triple B←N Lewis Pair-Functionalized Triazatruxenes with Large Stokes Shifts. J Org Chem 2024; 89:356-362. [PMID: 38096380 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c02101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
A novel class of multiple B←N Lewis pair-functionalized polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons with different BR2 groups (R = Cl or Et) directly attached at positions 1, 6, and 11 of triazatruxene was synthesized. The triazatruxene backbone of 4 displays a bowl shape, and its molecular skeleton shows a highly twisted propeller-like structure with C3 symmetry. The introduction of B←N Lewis pairs not only results in a large decrease in the HOMO-LUMO gap but also lowers the LUMO to -3.00 eV. Both compounds show excellent stability with large Stokes shifts of ≤8234 cm-1 and solvatochromic emission in solvents of different polarities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufeng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo Institute of Northwestern Polytechnical University, 218 Qingyi Road, Ningbo 315103, China
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE), Shaanxi Institute of Flexible Electronics (SIFE) and Shaanxi Institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering (SIBME), Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an 710072, China
| | - Xiuli Zheng
- Qilu Pharmaceutical Company Ltd., No. 23999 Gongye Bei Road, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Xueyuan Zhao
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE), Shaanxi Institute of Flexible Electronics (SIFE) and Shaanxi Institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering (SIBME), Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an 710072, China
| | - Haoqiang Xu
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE), Shaanxi Institute of Flexible Electronics (SIFE) and Shaanxi Institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering (SIBME), Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an 710072, China
| | - Yawen Ma
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE), Shaanxi Institute of Flexible Electronics (SIFE) and Shaanxi Institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering (SIBME), Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an 710072, China
| | - Lei Ji
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo Institute of Northwestern Polytechnical University, 218 Qingyi Road, Ningbo 315103, China
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE), Shaanxi Institute of Flexible Electronics (SIFE) and Shaanxi Institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering (SIBME), Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an 710072, China
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6
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Yu YJ, Feng ZQ, Meng XY, Chen L, Liu FM, Yang SY, Zhou DY, Liao LS, Jiang ZQ. Introducing Spiro-locks into the Nitrogen/Carbonyl System towards Efficient Narrowband Deep-blue Multi-resonance TADF Emitters. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202310047. [PMID: 37593817 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202310047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
The current availability of multi-resonance thermally activated delayed fluorescence (MR-TADF) materials with excellent color purity and high device efficiency in the deep-blue region is appealing. To address this issue in the emerged nitrogen/carbonyl MR-TADF system, we propose a spiro-lock strategy. By incorporating spiro functionalization into a concise molecular skeleton, a series of emitters (SFQ, SOQ, SSQ, and SSeQ) can enhance molecular rigidity, blue-shift the emission peak, narrow the emission band, increase the photoluminescence quantum yield by over 92 %, and suppress intermolecular interactions in the film state. The referent CZQ without spiro structure has a more planar skeleton, and its bluer emission in the solution state redshifts over 40 nm with serious spectrum broadening and a low PLQY in the film state. As a result, SSQ achieves an external quantum efficiency of 25.5 % with a peak at 456 nm and a small full width at half maximum of 31 nm in a simple unsensitized device, significantly outperforming CZQ. This work discloses the importance of spiro-junction in modulating deep-blue MR-TADF emitters.
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Affiliation(s)
- You-Jun Yu
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, 215123, Suzhou, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Zi-Qi Feng
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, 215123, Suzhou, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Xin-Yue Meng
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, 215123, Suzhou, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Long Chen
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, 215123, Suzhou, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Fu-Ming Liu
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, 215123, Suzhou, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Sheng-Yi Yang
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, 215123, Suzhou, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Dong-Ying Zhou
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, 215123, Suzhou, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Liang-Sheng Liao
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, 215123, Suzhou, Jiangsu, P. R. China
- Macao Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, Macau University of Science and Technology, 999078, Taipa, Macau SAR, China
| | - Zuo-Quan Jiang
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, 215123, Suzhou, Jiangsu, P. R. China
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7
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Leng M, Koripally N, Huang J, Vriza A, Lee KY, Ji X, Li C, Hays M, Tu Q, Dunbar K, Xu J, Ng TN, Fang L. Synthesis and exceptional operational durability of polyaniline-inspired conductive ladder polymers. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2023; 10:4354-4364. [PMID: 37455554 DOI: 10.1039/d3mh00883e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Ladder-type structures can impart exceptional stability to polymeric electronic materials. This article introduces a new class of conductive polymers featuring a fully ladder-type backbone. A judicious molecular design strategy enables the synthesis of a low-defect ladder polymer, which can be efficiently oxidized and acid-doped to achieve its conductive state. The structural elucidation of this polymer and the characterization of its open-shell nature are facilitated with the assistance of studies on small molecular models. An autonomous robotic system is used to optimize the conductivity of the polymer thin film, achieving over 7 mS cm-1. Impressively, this polymer demonstrates unparalleled stability in strong acid and under harsh UV-irradiation, significantly surpassing commercial benchmarks like PEDOT:PSS and polyaniline. Moreover, it displays superior durability across numerous redox cycles as the active material in an electrochromic device and as the pseudocapacitive material in a supercapacitor device. This work provides structural design guidance for durable conductive polymers for long-term device operation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingwan Leng
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-3255, USA.
| | - Nandu Koripally
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA.
| | - Junjie Huang
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-3255, USA.
| | - Aikaterini Vriza
- Nanoscience and Technology Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA.
| | - Kyeong Yeon Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-3003, USA
| | - Xiaozhou Ji
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-3255, USA.
| | - Chenxuan Li
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-3255, USA.
| | - Megan Hays
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-3255, USA.
| | - Qing Tu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-3003, USA
| | - Kim Dunbar
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-3255, USA.
| | - Jie Xu
- Nanoscience and Technology Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA.
| | - Tse Nga Ng
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA.
| | - Lei Fang
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-3255, USA.
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-3003, USA
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8
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Harimoto T, Sugai Y, Sugawara K, Suzuki T, Ishigaki Y. Double Dynamic Structural Change Enabling Tricolor Chromism by the Realization of Apparent Two-Electron Transfer to Skip the Open-Shell State. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202301476. [PMID: 37311709 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202301476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Most redox systems generally cannot avoid the involvement of open-shell species upon generating multiply charged species, which often reduces reversibility in multi-color electrochromic systems. In this study, we newly synthesized octakis(aminophenyl)-substituted pentacenebisquinodimethane (BQD) derivatives and their hybrids with alkoxyphenyl analogues. Thanks to apparent two-electron transfer accompanied by double dramatic changes in the structure of the arylated quinodimethane skeleton, the dicationic and tetracationic states were generated and isolated quantitatively because of the negligible steady-state concentration of intermediary open-shell species such as monocation or trication radicals. When two electrophores with different donating abilities are attached to the BQD skeleton, a dicationic state with a different color can be isolated in addition to the neutral and tetracationic states. For these tetracations, an interchromophore interaction induces a red-shift of the NIR absorptions, thus realizing tricolor UV/Vis/NIR electrochromic behavior involving only closed-shell states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Harimoto
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, N10 W8, North-ward, Sapporo, 060-0810, Japan
| | - Yuka Sugai
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, N10 W8, North-ward, Sapporo, 060-0810, Japan
| | - Kazuma Sugawara
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, N10 W8, North-ward, Sapporo, 060-0810, Japan
| | - Takanori Suzuki
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, N10 W8, North-ward, Sapporo, 060-0810, Japan
| | - Yusuke Ishigaki
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, N10 W8, North-ward, Sapporo, 060-0810, Japan
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9
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Yamamoto K, Matsui S, Kato SI, Nakamura Y. A series of boron difluoride complexes of azinylcarbazoles: synthesis and structure-property relationships. Org Biomol Chem 2023. [PMID: 37334470 DOI: 10.1039/d3ob00795b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
A series of boron difluoride (BF2) complexes of azinylcarbazoles 1b-1h were synthesized, and the effects of the structure of azine moieties on the photophysical and electrochemical properties of the BF2 complexes were clarified. UV-vis analysis of 1b with quinoline, 1c with isoquinoline, and fully fused 1d revealed that fusion with a benzene ring to a pyridylcarbazole BF2 complex (1a) resulted in red shifts of longest-maximum absorption wavelengths (λmax). UV-vis analysis of 1e and 1f with pyrimidine, 1g with pyridazine, and 1h with pyrazine revealed that substitution of a carbon atom to a nitrogen atom in 1a also resulted in red shifts of λmax. The fluorescence quantum yields (Φf) decreased from 1a to 1b-1h, and especially, the fluorescence of 1e, 1g, and 1h was quenched in solution. At 77 K, the emission intensities of 1b-1h were significantly increased compared with those at ambient temperature, and they also exhibited phosphorescence with relatively narrow energy gaps between the singlet and triplet excited states. These results on the emission at 77 K indicate that the quench of fluorescence from 1e, 1g, and 1h at ambient temperature originates from both internal conversions and intersystem crossing. In the solid state, all of the complexes including 1e, 1g, and 1h exhibited emission. Distinctive aggregation-induced emission properties were observed for 1e-1h. Electrochemical measurements revealed that the replacement of the pyridine moiety in 1a with azine moieties reduced electrochemical gaps mainly due to a decrease in the LUMO levels. The effects of azine moieties on electronic structures were also discussed based on theoretical calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koji Yamamoto
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shujitsu University, 1-6-1 Nishigawara, Okayama 703-8516, Japan.
| | - Shun Matsui
- Division of Molecular Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Gunma University, 1-5-1 Tenjin-cho, Kiryu, Gunma 376-8515, Japan.
| | - Shin-Ichiro Kato
- Department of Materials Chemistry, School of Engineering, The University of Shiga Prefecture, 2500 Hassaka-cho, Hikone, Shiga, 522-8533, Japan
| | - Yosuke Nakamura
- Division of Molecular Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Gunma University, 1-5-1 Tenjin-cho, Kiryu, Gunma 376-8515, Japan.
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10
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Harimoto T, Suzuki T, Ishigaki Y. Enhancement of NIR-Absorbing Ability of Bis(diarylmethylium)-Type Dicationic Dyes Based on an Ortho-Substitution Strategy. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202203899. [PMID: 36637412 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202203899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Electrochromic systems capable of switching near-infrared (NIR) absorption are fascinating from the viewpoint of applications in the materials and life sciences. Although 11,11,12,12-tetraaryl-9,10-anthraquinodimethanes (AQDs) with a folded form undergo one-stage two-electron oxidation to produce twisted dicationic dyes exhibiting NIR absorption, there is a need to establish a design strategy that can enhance the NIR-absorbing abilities of the corresponding dicationic dyes. In this study, we designed and synthesized a series of AQD derivatives with various substituents introduced at the ortho-position(s) of the 4-methoxyphenyl group. X-ray and spectroscopic analyses revealed that NIR-absorbing properties can be changed by introduction of the ortho-substituents. Thus, control of the steric and electronic effects of the ortho-substituents on the 4-methoxyphenyl groups was demonstrated to be an effective strategy for fine-tuning of the HOMO and LUMO levels for neutral AQDs and twisted dications, respectively, resulting in the modification of electrochemical and spectroscopic properties under an "ortho-substitution strategy".
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Harimoto
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, N10 W8, North-ward, Sapporo, 060-0810, Japan
| | - Takanori Suzuki
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, N10 W8, North-ward, Sapporo, 060-0810, Japan
| | - Yusuke Ishigaki
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, N10 W8, North-ward, Sapporo, 060-0810, Japan
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11
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Xue W, Liu H, Zhao B, Tang C, Xia BY, You B. Interheteromolecular Hyperconjugation Boosts (De)hydrogenation for Reversible H 2 Storage. CHEMSUSCHEM 2023; 16:e202201512. [PMID: 36321739 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202201512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Interheteromolecular hyperconjugation is ubiquitous in organic systems, affecting bond length, dipole moments, conformations and so on, while its effect on (de)hydrogenation reactivity in a heterogeneous thermo-catalytic system has rarely been explored. Herein, the N-heterocycles containing a benzene ring and aliphatic chain [N-ethylcarbazole (NEC) and N-propylcarbazole (NPC)] were utilized to study the correlation between interheteromolecular hyperconjugation and catalytic (de)hydrogenation. Density functional theory calculations, variable-temperature 1 H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and catalytic experiments showed that the presented hyperconjugation between NEC and NPC weakened the electron cloud density of aromatic rings and thus facilitated the reactivity with hydrogen featuring unpaired electrons. Therefore, an extremely low temperature of 80 °C was enough for the hydrogenation. Moreover, this interheteromolecular hyperconjugation was general in other N-heterocycles (e. g., N-methyindole and NPC) and was also effective to (de)deuterate as revealed by isotope experiments. This work expands the application of interheteromolecular hyperconjugation to heterogeneous thermocatalysis for reversible H2 storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjie Xue
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry and Service Failure, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, China
| | - Hongxia Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan, 430200, China
| | - Binbin Zhao
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117575, Singapore
| | - Conghui Tang
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry and Service Failure, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, China
| | - Bao Yu Xia
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry and Service Failure, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, China
| | - Bo You
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry and Service Failure, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, China
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12
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Wiesner T, Wu Z, Han J, Ji L, Friedrich A, Krummenacher I, Moos M, Lambert C, Braunschweig H, Rudin B, Reiss H, Tverskoy O, Rominger F, Dreuw A, Marder TB, Freudenberg J, Bunz UHF. The Radical Anion, Dianion and Electron Transport Properties of Tetraiodotetraazapentacene. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202201919. [PMID: 35916326 PMCID: PMC10092590 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202201919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Tetraiodotetraazapentacene I4 TAP, the last missing derivative in the series of halogenated silylated tetraazapentacenes, was synthesized via condensation chemistry from a TIPS-ethynylated diaminobenzothiadiazol in three steps. Single and double reduction furnished its air-stable monoanion and relatively air-stable dianion, both of which were characterized by crystallography. All three species are structurally and spectroscopically compared to non-halogenated TAP and Br4 TAP. I4 TAP is an n-channel material in thin-film transistors with average electron mobilities exceeding 1 cm2 (Vs)-1 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Wiesner
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Zhu Wu
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie and, Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Jie Han
- Interdisziplinares Zentrum für Wissenschaftliches Rechnen, Physikalisch-Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 205, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.,Present Adress: State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China
| | - Lei Ji
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie and, Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Alexandra Friedrich
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie and, Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Ivo Krummenacher
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie and, Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Michael Moos
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Christoph Lambert
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Holger Braunschweig
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie and, Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Benjamin Rudin
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hilmar Reiss
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Olena Tverskoy
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Frank Rominger
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Andreas Dreuw
- Interdisziplinares Zentrum für Wissenschaftliches Rechnen, Physikalisch-Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 205, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Todd B Marder
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie and, Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Jan Freudenberg
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Uwe H F Bunz
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
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13
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Ishigaki Y, Fukagawa R, Sugawara K, Harimoto T, Suzuki T. Geometrical and Electronic Structure of Cation Radical Species of Tetraarylanthraquinodimethane: An Intermediate for Unique Electrochromic Behavior. Chem Asian J 2022; 17:e202200914. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.202200914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Ishigaki
- Hokkaido University: Hokkaido Daigaku department of chemistry JAPAN
| | | | | | | | - Takanori Suzuki
- Hokkaido University: Hokkaido Daigaku Department of Chemistry Hokkaido UniversityNorth 10, West 8, North-ward 060-0810 Sapporo JAPAN
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14
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Nayak P, Murali AC, Pal PK, Priyakumar UD, Chandrasekhar V, Venkatasubbaiah K. Tetra-Coordinated Boron-Functionalized Phenanthroimidazole-Based Zinc Salen as a Photocatalyst for the Cycloaddition of CO 2 and Epoxides. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:14511-14516. [PMID: 36074754 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c02693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A unique B-N coordinated phenanthroimidazole-based zinc salen was synthesized. The zinc salen thus synthesized acts as a photocatalyst for the cycloaddition of carbon dioxide with terminal epoxides under ambient conditions. DFT study of the cycloaddition of carbon dioxide with terminal epoxide indicates the preference of the reaction pathway when photocatalyzed by zinc salen. We anticipate that this strategy will help to design new photocatalysts for CO2 fixation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prakash Nayak
- School of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER), an OCC of Homi Bhaba National Institute, Bhubaneswar 752050, Odisha, India
| | - Anna Chandrasekar Murali
- School of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER), an OCC of Homi Bhaba National Institute, Bhubaneswar 752050, Odisha, India
| | - Pradeep Kumar Pal
- International Institute of Information Technology, Hyderabad 500 032, India
| | - U Deva Priyakumar
- International Institute of Information Technology, Hyderabad 500 032, India
| | - Vadapalli Chandrasekhar
- Tata Institute of Fundamental Research Hyderabad, Gopanpally, Hyderabad 500 046, India.,Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208016, India
| | - Krishnan Venkatasubbaiah
- School of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER), an OCC of Homi Bhaba National Institute, Bhubaneswar 752050, Odisha, India
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15
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Steele BA, Zhang MX, Kuo IFW. Single-Step Mechanism for Regioselective Nitration of 9,10-BN-Napthalene with Acetyl Nitrate in the Gas Phase. J Phys Chem A 2022; 126:5089-5098. [PMID: 35916696 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.2c02124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The energetics of the regioselective mononitration of 9,10-BN-naphthalene with acetyl nitrate (H3C2NO4) were modeled with ab initio simulations in the gas phase and an acetonitrile solvent. The single-electron-transfer (SET) nitration mechanism leading to a σ-complex and a single-step nitration mechanism were modeled. The energy barrier for the single-step mechanism was lower than that for the SET mechanism in the gas phase. However, the two are much more energetically competitive in the solvent. The σ-complex was found to be unstable in the gas phase owing to the interaction with the counterion. Using the single-step mechanism, the carbon site 1 nearest boron had the lowest activation energy for nitration of 22.6 kcal/mol, while site 3 had the second lowest barrier of 24.6 kcal/mol. Details on the molecular structures at intermediate and transition states as well as charges in different configurations are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brad A Steele
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Physical and Life Sciences Directorate, P. O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94550, United States
| | - Mao-Xi Zhang
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Physical and Life Sciences Directorate, P. O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94550, United States
| | - I-Feng W Kuo
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Physical and Life Sciences Directorate, P. O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94550, United States
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16
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Feng Y, Zhou J, Qiu H, Schnitzlein M, Hu J, Liu L, Würthner F, Xie Z. Boron-Locked Starazine - A Soluble and Fluorescent Analogue of Starphene. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202200770. [PMID: 35388924 PMCID: PMC9325424 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202200770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
A starlike heterocyclic molecule containing an electron‐deficient nonaaza‐core structure and three peripheral isoquinolines locked by three tetracoordinate borons, namely isoquinoline‐nona‐starazine (QNSA), is synthesized by using readily available reactants through a rather straightforward approach. This new heteroatom‐rich QNSA possesses a quasi‐planar π‐backbone structure, and bears phenyl substituents on borons which protrude on both sides of the π‐backbones endowing it with good solubility in common organic solvents. Contrasting to its starphene analogue, QNSA shows intense fluorescence with a quantum yield (PLQY) of up to 62 % in dilute solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Luminescence from Molecular Aggregates, South China University of Technology (SCUT), 510640, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Jiadong Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Luminescence from Molecular Aggregates, South China University of Technology (SCUT), 510640, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Honglin Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Luminescence from Molecular Aggregates, South China University of Technology (SCUT), 510640, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Matthias Schnitzlein
- Institut für Organische Chemie & Center for Nanosystems Chemistry, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Jingtao Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Luminescence from Molecular Aggregates, South China University of Technology (SCUT), 510640, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Linlin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Luminescence from Molecular Aggregates, South China University of Technology (SCUT), 510640, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Frank Würthner
- Institut für Organische Chemie & Center for Nanosystems Chemistry, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Zengqi Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Luminescence from Molecular Aggregates, South China University of Technology (SCUT), 510640, Guangzhou, P. R. China
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17
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Mukundam V, Sa S, Kumari A, Ponduru TT, Das R, Venkatasubbaiah K. Synthesis, photophysical, electrochemical, and non-linear optical properties of triaryl pyrazole based B-N coordinated boron compounds. Chem Asian J 2022; 17:e202200291. [PMID: 35452174 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202200291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
We report here a set of triaryl pyrazole based B-N coordinated boron compounds ( 11 - 17 ) synthesized by electrophilic aromatic borylation strategy. All the pyrazole boron compounds were thoroughly characterized using multinuclear NMR spectroscopy, LCMS, and single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis (for 12 - 17 ). The photoluminescence measurements of 11 - 17 revealed that the emission peak maxima were tuned based on the substitution on Nphenyl. The photophysical and electrochemical properties were further supported by theoretical calculations. Z-scan based investigations at 515 nm pump wavelength showed that B-N coordination led to enhancement of nonlinear absorption (two-photon absorption (TPA)) in these compounds if an electron deficient moiety is attached. It has also been observed that an appropriate choice of moiety allows to optimally maneuver the molecular polarizability of the π-system and consequently, assists in controlling the third-order nonlinear optical response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanga Mukundam
- National Institute of Science Education and Research, School of Chemical Sciences, INDIA
| | - Shreenibasa Sa
- National Institute of Science Education and Research, School of Chemical Sciences, INDIA
| | - Anupa Kumari
- National Institute of Science Education and Research, School of Physical Sciences, INDIA
| | - Tharun Teja Ponduru
- National Institute of Science Education and Research, School of Chemical Sciences, INDIA
| | - Ritwick Das
- National Institute of Science Education and Research, School of Physical Sciences, INDIA
| | - Krishnan Venkatasubbaiah
- National Institute of Science Education and Research, School of Chemical Sciences, NISER, 752050, Bhubaneswar, INDIA
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18
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Nguyen T, Hannah T, Piers WE, Gelfand B. Stable, π-conjugated radical anions of boron-nitrogen dihydroindeno[1,2-b]fluorenes. CAN J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1139/cjc-2022-0039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
We have recently reported the synthesis and application of boron-nitrogen dihydroindeno[1,2-b]fluorene derivatives as acceptors in organic photovoltaic (OPV) devices. Their modest observed efficiencies may be related to the properties of their reduced congeners. In this work, we report two new members of this family of compounds prepared via the electrophilic borylation of 2,5-di-p-tolylpyrazine followed by an arylation of the boron centre with ZnAr2 reagents. Two derivatives, 1 (Ar = 2,4,6-F3C6H2) and 2 (Ar = C6F5) were synthesized, and their radical anions, 1•− and 2•−, were formed via chemical reductions with CoCp*2 and CoCp2, respectively. Through comparison of structural parameters, as well as spectroscopic and computational data, the unpaired electron in the radical anions is localized in the planar core of the molecule, and dimerization is disfavored as a result. However, unlike the neutral starting materials, 1•− and 2•− are reactive towards ambient atmosphere. These observations suggest that the reduced compounds are stable towards intrinsic degradation pathways but subject to extrinsic degradation in device operation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tony Nguyen
- University of Calgary, 2129, Chemistry, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Tyler Hannah
- University of Calgary, 2129, Chemistry, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Warren E. Piers
- University of Calgary, 2129, Chemistry, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Benjamin Gelfand
- University of Calgary, 2129, Chemistry, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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19
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Ding S, Zu W, Miao Z, Xu L. Synthetic and Computational Study of Four-Coordinate B, B-Diaryl 8-Aminoquinolate Complexes. CHINESE J ORG CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.6023/cjoc202108040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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20
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Meng G, Liu L, He Z, Hall D, Wang X, Peng T, Yin X, Chen P, Beljonne D, Olivier Y, Zysman-Colman E, Wang N, Wang S. Multi-resonant thermally activated delayed fluorescence emitters based on tetracoordinate boron-containing PAHs: colour tuning based on the nature of chelates. Chem Sci 2022; 13:1665-1674. [PMID: 35282615 PMCID: PMC8827120 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc05692a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Multi-resonant thermally activated delayed fluorescence (MR-TADF) materials have attracted considerable attention recently. The molecular design frequently incorporates cycloboration. However, to the best of our knowledge MR-TADF compounds containing nitrogen chelated to boron are still unknown. Reported herein is a new class of tetracoordinate boron-containing MR-TADF emitters bearing C^N^C- and N^N^N-chelating ligands. We demonstrate that the replacement of the B–C covalent bond in the C^N^C-chelating ligand by the B–N covalent bond affords an isomer, which dramatically influences the optoelectronic properties of the molecule. The resulting N^N^N-chelating compounds show bathochromically shifted absorption and emission spectra relative to C^N^C-chelating compounds. The incorporation of a tert-butylcarbazole group at the 4-position of the pyridine significantly enhances both the thermal stability and the reverse intersystem crossing rate, yet has a negligible effect on emission properties. Consequently, high-performance hyperfluorescent organic light-emitting diodes (HF-OLEDs) that utilize these molecules as green and yellow-green emitters show a maximum external quantum efficiency (ηext) of 11.5% and 25.1%, and a suppressed efficiency roll-off with an ηext of 10.2% and 18.7% at a luminance of 1000 cd m−2, respectively. A new class of tetra-coordinate boron-containing MR-TADF emitters and their corresponding high-performance hyperfluorescent organic light-emitting diodes have been successfully achieved.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoyun Meng
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science, Ministry of Education of China, Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Lijie Liu
- Intelligent Organic Luminescent Materials Research Center, School of Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, P. R. China
| | - Zhechang He
- Department of Chemistry, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - David Hall
- Organic Semiconductor Centre, EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife, KY16 9ST, UK
- Laboratory for Chemistry of Novel Materials, University of Mons, 7000, Mons, Belgium
| | - Xiang Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Tai Peng
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, Heilongjiang, 154007, P. R. China
| | - Xiaodong Yin
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science, Ministry of Education of China, Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Pangkuan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science, Ministry of Education of China, Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - David Beljonne
- Laboratory for Chemistry of Novel Materials, University of Mons, 7000, Mons, Belgium
| | - Yoann Olivier
- Unité de Chimie Physique Théorique et Structurale, Laboratoire de Physique du Solide, Namur Institute of Structured Matter, Université de Namur, Rue de Bruxelles, 61, 5000 Namur, Belgium
| | - Eli Zysman-Colman
- Organic Semiconductor Centre, EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife, KY16 9ST, UK
| | - Nan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science, Ministry of Education of China, Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Suning Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, K7L 3N6, Canada
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21
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Zheng L, Zhu W, Zhou Z, Liu K, Gao M, Tang BZ. Red-to-NIR emissive radical cations derived from simple pyrroles. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2021; 8:3082-3087. [PMID: 34505616 DOI: 10.1039/d1mh01121a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Red-to-near-infrared (NIR) fluorophores are highly desirable in bio-imaging studies with advantages of high tissue penetration ability and less interference from auto-fluorescence. However, their preparation usually requires tedious synthetic procedures, which seriously restrict their applications. Thus, the direct preparation of red-to-NIR fluorophores from easily available substrates is highly desirable. Compared with the conventional closed-shell fluorophores, radical cations feature a large red-shift absorption, but only very few of them are fluorescent and they suffer from high instability. Herein, we proposed a convenient strategy for the preparation of red-to-NIR fluorophores through air oxidation of electron-rich 2,5-dimethylpyrroles to in situ generate red-to-NIR emissive radical cations, which can be stabilized by adsorption on silica gel-coated thin layer chromatography (TLC) plates or encapsulated in cucurbit[7]uril (CB[7]). The radical cations derived from pyrroles were verified using electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy, theoretical calculations and one-electron oxidation experiments. Moreover, the pyrrole-derived radical cations encapsulated in CB[7] can be used for mitochondrial imaging in living cells with high specificity and in vivo imaging with long-term stability. The easily available pyrrole-derived radical cations with red-to-NIR emission are thus promising for biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihua Zheng
- National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Guangdong Province, Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials and Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Innovation Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Wenchao Zhu
- National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Guangdong Province, Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials and Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Innovation Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Zikai Zhou
- National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Guangdong Province, Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials and Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Innovation Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Kai Liu
- Institute of Marine Drugs, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530200, China.
| | - Meng Gao
- National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Guangdong Province, Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials and Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Innovation Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Ben Zhong Tang
- AIE institute, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Center for Aggregation-Induced Emission, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Luminescence from Molecular Aggregates, Guangzhou International Campus, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction and Institute for Advanced Study, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong 999077, China
- Shenzhen Institute of Aggregate Science and Technology, School of Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen 518172, China.
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22
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Mono- and Dinitro-BN-Naphthalenes: Formation and Characterization. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26144209. [PMID: 34299484 PMCID: PMC8303104 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26144209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 07/03/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Mono- and dinitro-BN-naphthalenes, i.e., 1-nitro-, 3-nitro-, 1,6-dinitro-, 3,6-dinitro-, and 1,8-dinitro-BNN, were generated in the nitration of 9,10-BN-naphthalene (BNN), a boron–nitrogen (BN) bond-embedded naphthalene, with AcONO2 and NO2BF4 in acetonitrile. The nitrated products were isolated and characterized by NMR, GC-MS, IR, and X-ray single crystallography. The effects of the nitration on the electron density and aromaticity of BNN were evaluated by B-11 NMR analysis and HOMA calculations.
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23
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Cao Y, Zhu C, Barłóg M, Barker KP, Ji X, Kalin AJ, Al-Hashimi M, Fang L. Electron-Deficient Polycyclic π-System Fused with Multiple B←N Coordinate Bonds. J Org Chem 2021; 86:2100-2106. [PMID: 33412007 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c02052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
An extensive polycyclic π-system with 23 fused rings is synthesized via a highly efficient borylation reaction, in which four B-N covalent bonds and four B←N coordinate bonds are formed in one pot. B←N coordinate bonds not only lock the backbone into a near-coplanar conformation but also decrease the LUMO energy level to around -3.82 eV, demonstrating the dual utility of this strategy for the synthesis of extensive rigid polycyclic molecules and the development of n-type conjugated materials for organic electronics and organic photovoltaics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Maciej Barłóg
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University at Qatar, P.O. Box 23874, Doha, Qatar
| | | | | | | | - Mohammed Al-Hashimi
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University at Qatar, P.O. Box 23874, Doha, Qatar
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24
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Liu C, Yang W, Zhang Y, Jiang J. Quintuple-Decker Heteroleptic Phthalocyanine Heterometallic Samarium-Cadmium Complexes. Synthesis, Crystal Structure, Electrochemical Behavior, and Spectroscopic Investigation. Inorg Chem 2020; 59:17591-17599. [PMID: 33186030 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c02816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
A one-pot synthesis methodology was employed for obtaining diverse quintuple-decker phthalocyanine heterometallic lanthanide-cadmium complexes. By using the reaction of a double-decker homoleptic/heteroleptic phthalocyanine samarium compound with metal-free phthalocyanine and cadmium acetate in 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene at 200 °C, two novel quintuple-decker heteroleptic phthalocyanine heterometallic samarium-cadmium compounds, {(Pc)Sm(Pc)Cd(Pc*)Cd(Pc)Sm(Pc)} (1) and {(Pc)Sm(Pc*)Cd(Pc*)Cd(Pc*)Sm(Pc)} (2), together with one homoleptic phthalocyanine species, {(Pc*)Sm(Pc*)Cd(Pc*)Cd(Pc*)Sm(Pc*)} (3), were successfully fabricated, where H2Pc and H2Pc* represent unsubstituted phthalocyanine and 2,3,9,10,16,17,23,24-octakis(n-pentyloxy)phthalocyanine, respectively. Their quintuple-decker structures have been disclosed by various spectroscopic techniques and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. In addition, valence tautomerization of these three quintuple-decker complexes has been achieved by the addition of phenoxathiin hexachloroantimonate, giving three oxidized forms including one-, two-, and three-electron oxidation products. From 1 to 3 with the same oxidation state, the increased number of n-pentyloxy substituents of phthalocyanine ligands induces the blue shift of electronic absorption in the IR region due to the increased gap associated with the introduction of electron-donating substituents. In particular, the electronic absorption spectra of one- and two-electron oxidation products for 1 exhibit a rare band in the middle-IR region around 3000 nm, being one of the farthest electronic transitions captured by UV-vis spectroscopy. The three-electron oxidation product of 1 displays two bands at 2231 and 2740 nm, respectively. These data are well confirmed by IR spectroscopic data and theoretical calculation results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Liu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory for Science and Application of Functional Molecular and Crystalline Materials, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Wei Yang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory for Science and Application of Functional Molecular and Crystalline Materials, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yuexing Zhang
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials, Ministry-of-Education Key Laboratory for the Synthesis and Application of Organic Functional Molecules, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Jianzhuang Jiang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory for Science and Application of Functional Molecular and Crystalline Materials, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
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25
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Yu Z, Lu Y, Wang J, Pei J. Conformation Control of Conjugated Polymers. Chemistry 2020; 26:16194-16205. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.202000220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Revised: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zi‐Di Yu
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering and College of Engineering Peking University Beijing 100871 P. R. China
| | - Yang Lu
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering and College of Engineering Peking University Beijing 100871 P. R. China
| | - Jie‐Yu Wang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering and College of Engineering Peking University Beijing 100871 P. R. China
| | - Jian Pei
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering and College of Engineering Peking University Beijing 100871 P. R. China
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26
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Kumar R, Aggarwal H, Srivastava A. Of Twists and Curves: Electronics, Photophysics, and Upcoming Applications of Non-Planar Conjugated Organic Molecules. Chemistry 2020; 26:10653-10675. [PMID: 32118325 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201905071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Revised: 02/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Non-planar conjugated organic molecules (NPCOMs) contain π-conjugation across their length and also exhibit asymmetry in their conformation. In other words, certain molecular fragments in NPCOMs are either twisted or curved out of planarity. This conformational asymmetry in NPCOMs leads to non-uniform charge-distribution across the molecule, with important photophysical and electronic consequences such as altered thermodynamic stability, chemical reactivity, as well as materials properties. Majorly, NPCOMs can be classified as having either Fused or Rotatable architectures. NPCOMs have been the focus of significant scientific attention in the recent past due to their exciting photophysical behavior that includes intramolecular charge-transfer (ICT), thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) and long-lived charge-separated states. In addition, they also have many useful materials characteristics such as biradical character, semi-conductivity, dynamic conformations, and mechanochromism. As a result, rational design of NPCOMs and mapping their structure-property correlations has become imperative. Researchers have executed conformational changes in NPCOMs through a variety of external stimuli such as pH, temperature, anions-cations, solvent, electric potential, and mechanical force in order to tailor their photophysical, optoelectronic and magnetic properties. Converging to these points, this review highlights the lucrative electronic features, photophysical traits and upcoming applications of NPCOMs by a selective survey of the recent scientific literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajesh Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal (IISER Bhopal), Bhauri, Bhopal Bypass Road, Bhopal, 462066, India
| | - Himanshu Aggarwal
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal (IISER Bhopal), Bhauri, Bhopal Bypass Road, Bhopal, 462066, India
| | - Aasheesh Srivastava
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal (IISER Bhopal), Bhauri, Bhopal Bypass Road, Bhopal, 462066, India
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27
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Zhao M, Zhang B, Miao Q. Revisiting Indolo[3,2-b]carbazole: Synthesis, Structures, Properties, and Applications. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:9678-9683. [PMID: 32162418 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202001803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Indolo[3,2-b]carbazole presents a π-skeleton with a remarkable electronic structure and interesting potential applications. It is, however, also associated with ambiguity and controversy. Herein, new derivatives of indolo[3,2-b]carbazole are reported and they have enabled a comprehensive study on the electronic structure of indolo[3,2-b]carbazole and the development of a new n-type organic semiconductor. Experimental and computational studies show that indolo[3,2-b]carbazole has a largely localized p-benzoquinonediimine moiety and significant antiaromaticity. When substituted with (4-silylethynyl)phenyl groups, the indolo[3,2-b]carbazole exhibits one-dimensional π-π stacking and functions as an n-type organic semiconductor in solution-processed field effect transistors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengna Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
| | - Binghao Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
| | - Qian Miao
- Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
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28
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Zhao M, Zhang B, Miao Q. Revisiting Indolo[3,2‐
b
]carbazole: Synthesis, Structures, Properties, and Applications. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202001803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mengna Zhao
- Department of ChemistryThe Chinese University of Hong Kong Shatin, New Territories Hong Kong China
| | - Binghao Zhang
- Department of ChemistryThe Chinese University of Hong Kong Shatin, New Territories Hong Kong China
| | - Qian Miao
- Department of ChemistryThe Chinese University of Hong Kong Shatin, New Territories Hong Kong China
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29
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Wang W, Xiong W, Wang J, Wang QA, Yang W. Brønsted Acid-Catalyzed Asymmetric Friedel-Crafts Alkylation of Indoles with Benzothiazole-Bearing Trifluoromethyl Ketone Hydrates. J Org Chem 2020; 85:4398-4407. [PMID: 32118421 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c00116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
An efficient Brønsted acid-catalyzed asymmetric Friedel-Crafts alkylation of indoles with benzothiazole-bearing trifluoromethyl ketone hydrates as electrophiles has been developed. The mild organocatalytic reactions proceeded well with low catalyst loading to afford a range of enantioenriched α-trifluoromethyl tertiary alcohols containing both benzothiazole and indole rings with excellent yields and enantioselectivities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenhui Xiong
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinping Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiu-An Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen Yang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, People's Republic of China
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30
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Shukla J, Singh VP, Mukhopadhyay P. Molecular and Supramolecular Multiredox Systems. ChemistryOpen 2020; 9:304-324. [PMID: 32154051 PMCID: PMC7050954 DOI: 10.1002/open.201900339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2019] [Revised: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The design and synthesis of molecular and supramolecular multiredox systems have been summarized. These systems are of great importance as they can be employed in the next generation of materials for energy storage, energy transport, and solar fuel production. Nature provides guiding pathways and insights to judiciously incorporate and tune the various molecular and supramolecular design aspects that result in the formation of complex and efficient systems. In this review, we have classified molecular multiredox systems into organic and organic-inorganic hybrid systems. The organic multiredox systems are further classified into multielectron acceptors, multielectron donors and ambipolar molecules. Synthetic chemists have integrated different electron donating and electron withdrawing groups to realize these complex molecular systems. Further, we have reviewed supramolecular multiredox systems, redox-active host-guest recognition, including mechanically interlocked systems. Finally, the review provides a discussion on the diverse applications, e. g. in artificial photosynthesis, water splitting, dynamic random access memory, etc. that can be realized from these artificial molecular or supramolecular multiredox systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyoti Shukla
- Supramolecular and Material Chemistry Lab School of Physical SciencesJawaharlal Nehru UniversityNew Delhi110067India
| | - Vijay Pal Singh
- Supramolecular and Material Chemistry Lab School of Physical SciencesJawaharlal Nehru UniversityNew Delhi110067India
| | - Pritam Mukhopadhyay
- Supramolecular and Material Chemistry Lab School of Physical SciencesJawaharlal Nehru UniversityNew Delhi110067India
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31
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Abstract
Long-standing radical species have raised noteworthy concerns in organic functional chemistry and materials. However, there remains a substantial challenge to produce long-standing radicals by light, because of the structural dilemmas between photoproduction and stabilization. Herein, we present a pyrrole and chloride assisted photochromic structure to address this issue. In this well-selected system, production and stabilization of a radical species were simultaneously found accompanied by a photochemical process in chloroform. Theoretical study and mechanism construction indicate that the designed π-system provides a superior spin-delocalization effect and a large steric effect, mostly avoiding possible consumptions and making the radical stable for hours even under an oxygen-saturated condition. Moreover, this radical system can be applied for a visualized and quantitative detection towards peroxides, such as 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl, hydrogen peroxide, and ozone. As the detection relies on a radical capturing mechanism, a higher sensing rate was achieved compared to traditional redox techniques for peroxide detection. Long-standing radical species have raised noteworthy concerns in organic chemistry and but there remains a substantial challenge to produce long-standing radicals by light. Here, the authors demonstrate a stable dithienylethene derived photochromic radical for detection of peroxides and ozone.
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32
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Yu CH, Zhu C, Ji X, Hu W, Xie H, Bhuvanesh N, Fang L, Ozerov OV. Palladium bis-pincer complexes with controlled rigidity and inter-metal distance. Inorg Chem Front 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0qi01111h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
We report a series of redox-active bis(pincer) Pd(ii) complexes in which the redox active units are based on either a diarylamido or a carbazolide framework.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Han Yu
- Department of Chemistry
- Texas A&M University
- College Station
- USA
| | - Congzhi Zhu
- Department of Chemistry
- Texas A&M University
- College Station
- USA
| | - Xiaozhou Ji
- Department of Chemistry
- Texas A&M University
- College Station
- USA
| | - Wei Hu
- Department of Chemistry
- Texas A&M University
- College Station
- USA
| | - Haomiao Xie
- Department of Chemistry
- Texas A&M University
- College Station
- USA
| | | | - Lei Fang
- Department of Chemistry
- Texas A&M University
- College Station
- USA
| | - Oleg V. Ozerov
- Department of Chemistry
- Texas A&M University
- College Station
- USA
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33
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Vanga M, Sa S, Kumari A, Murali AC, Nayak P, Das R, Venkatasubbaiah K. Synthesis of π-extended B ← N coordinated phenanthroimidazole dimers and their linear and nonlinear optical properties. Dalton Trans 2020; 49:7737-7746. [DOI: 10.1039/d0dt01024c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
B ← N coordinated phenanthroimidazole dimers exhibit excellent fluorescence quantum yields in solution and conjugation length dependant two-photon-absorption properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mukundam Vanga
- School of Chemical Sciences
- National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER)
- HBNI
- Bhubaneswar-752050
- India
| | - Shreenibasa Sa
- School of Chemical Sciences
- National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER)
- HBNI
- Bhubaneswar-752050
- India
| | - Anupa Kumari
- School of Physical Sciences
- National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER)
- HBNI
- Bhubaneswar-752050
- India
| | - Anna Chandrasekar Murali
- School of Chemical Sciences
- National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER)
- HBNI
- Bhubaneswar-752050
- India
| | - Prakash Nayak
- School of Chemical Sciences
- National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER)
- HBNI
- Bhubaneswar-752050
- India
| | - Ritwick Das
- School of Physical Sciences
- National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER)
- HBNI
- Bhubaneswar-752050
- India
| | - Krishnan Venkatasubbaiah
- School of Chemical Sciences
- National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER)
- HBNI
- Bhubaneswar-752050
- India
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34
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Chen S, Liu F, Wang C, Shen J, Wu Y. Simple Route to Synthesize Fully Conjugated Ladder Isomer Copolymers with Carbazole Units. Polymers (Basel) 2019; 11:polym11101619. [PMID: 31591357 PMCID: PMC6835825 DOI: 10.3390/polym11101619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2019] [Revised: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Two isomer polymers, P3 and P6, with fully conjugated ladder structures are presented by simple synthetic routes. The well-defined structures of fully conjugated ladder polymers P3 and P6 were ensured by the high yields of every reaction step. The fully rigid ladder structures were confirmed by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and photophysical test. Polymers P3 and P6 with bulky alkyl side chains exhibit good solution processability and desirable thermostable properties. After the intramolecular cyclization reaction, the band gaps of polymers P3 and P6 become lower (2.86 eV and 2.66 eV, respectively) compared with polymers P1 and P4. This initial study provides insight for the rational design of fully ladder-conjugated isomeric polymers with well-defined structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Chen
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, China.
| | - Feng Liu
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, China.
- College of Physics Science and Technology, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China.
| | - Chao Wang
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, China.
| | - Jinghui Shen
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, China.
| | - Yonggang Wu
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, China.
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35
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Arnold A, Sherbow TJ, Sayler RI, Britt RD, Thompson EJ, Muñoz MT, Fettinger JC, Berben LA. Organic Electron Delocalization Modulated by Ligand Charge States in [L 2M] n- Complexes of Group 13 Ions. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:15792-15803. [PMID: 31510741 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b05602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Water-stable organic mixed valence (MV) compounds have been prepared by the reaction of reduced bis(imino)pyridine ligands (I2P) with the trichloride salts of Al, Ga, and In. The coordination of two tridentate ligands to each ion affords octahedral complexes that are accessible with five ligand charge states: [(I2P0)(I2P-)M]2+, [(I2P-)2M]+, (I2P-)(I2P2-)M, [(I2P2-)2M]-, and [(I2P2-)(I2P3-)M]2-, and for M = Al only, [(I2P3-)2M]3-. In solid-state structures, the anionic members of the redox series are stabilized by the intercalation of Na+ cations within the ligands. The MV members of the redox series, (I2P-)(I2P2-)M and [(I2P2-)(I2P3-)M]2-, show characteristic intervalence transitions, in the near-infrared regions between 6800-7400 and 7800-9000 cm-1, respectively. Cyclic voltammetry (CV), NIR spectroscopic, and X-ray structural studies support the assignment of class II for compounds [(I2P2-)(I2P3-)M]2- and class III for M = Al and Ga in (I2P-)(I2P2-)M. All compounds containing a singly reduced I2P- ligand exhibit a sharp, low-energy transition in the 5100-5600 cm-1 region that corresponds to a π*-π* transition. CV studies demonstrate that the electron-transfer events in each of the redox series, Al, Ga, and In, span 2.2, 1.4, and 1.2 V, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amela Arnold
- Department of Chemistry , University of California-Davis , Davis , California 95616 , United States
| | - Tobias J Sherbow
- Department of Chemistry , University of California-Davis , Davis , California 95616 , United States
| | - Richard I Sayler
- Department of Chemistry , University of California-Davis , Davis , California 95616 , United States
| | - R David Britt
- Department of Chemistry , University of California-Davis , Davis , California 95616 , United States
| | - Emily J Thompson
- Department of Chemistry , University of California-Davis , Davis , California 95616 , United States
| | - M Teresa Muñoz
- Department of Chemistry , University of California-Davis , Davis , California 95616 , United States
| | - James C Fettinger
- Department of Chemistry , University of California-Davis , Davis , California 95616 , United States
| | - Louise A Berben
- Department of Chemistry , University of California-Davis , Davis , California 95616 , United States
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36
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Panda S, Ansari MA, Mandal A, Lahiri GK. Near‐IR Absorbing Ruthenium Complexes of Non‐Innocent 6,12‐Di(pyridin‐2‐yl)indolo[3,2‐
b
]carbazole: Variation as a Function of Co‐Ligands. Chem Asian J 2019; 14:4631-4640. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.201900719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Revised: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sanjib Panda
- Department of ChemistryIndian Institute of Technology Bombay Powai Mumbai- 400076 India
| | - Md Asif Ansari
- Department of ChemistryIndian Institute of Technology Bombay Powai Mumbai- 400076 India
| | - Abhishek Mandal
- Department of ChemistryIndian Institute of Technology Bombay Powai Mumbai- 400076 India
| | - Goutam Kumar Lahiri
- Department of ChemistryIndian Institute of Technology Bombay Powai Mumbai- 400076 India
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37
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Ohtani S, Gon M, Tanaka K, Chujo Y. Construction of the Luminescent Donor–Acceptor Conjugated Systems Based on Boron-Fused Azomethine Acceptor. Macromolecules 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.9b00259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shunsuke Ohtani
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Masayuki Gon
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Kazuo Tanaka
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Chujo
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
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38
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Zhu C, Kalin AJ, Fang L. Covalent and Noncovalent Approaches to Rigid Coplanar π-Conjugated Molecules and Macromolecules. Acc Chem Res 2019; 52:1089-1100. [PMID: 30943015 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.9b00022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Molecular conformation and rigidity are essential factors in determining the properties of individual molecules, the associated supramolecular assemblies, and bulk materials. This correlation is particularly important for π-conjugated molecular and macromolecular systems. Within such an individual molecule, a coplanar conformation facilitates the delocalization of not only molecular orbitals but also charges, excitons, and spins, leading to synergistically ensembled properties of the entire conjugated system. A rigid backbone, meanwhile, imposes a high energy cost to disrupt such a favorable conformation, ensuring the robustness and persistence of coplanarity. From a supramolecular and material point of view, coplanarity and rigidity often promote strong intermolecular electronic coupling and reduce the energy barrier for the intermolecular transport of charges, excitons, and phonons, affording advanced materials properties in bulk. In this context, pursuing a rigid and coplanar molecular conformation often represents one of the primary objectives when designing and synthesizing conjugated molecules for electronic and optical applications. Two general bottom-up strategies-covalent annulation and noncovalent conformational control-are often employed to construct rigid coplanar π systems. These strategies have afforded various classes of such molecules and macromolecules, including so-called conjugated ladder polymers, graphene nanoribbons, polyacenes, and conformationally locked organic semiconductors. While pursuing these targets, however, one often confronts challenges associated with precise synthesis and limited solubility of the rigid coplanar systems, which could further impede their large-scale preparation, characterization, processing, and application. To address these issues, we developed and utilized a number of synthetic methods and molecular engineering approaches to construct and to process rigid coplanar conjugated molecules and macromolecules. Structure-property correlations of this unique class of organic materials were established, providing important chemical principles for molecular design and materials applications. In this Account, we first describe our efforts to synthesize rigid coplanar π systems fused by various types of bonds, including kinetically formed covalent bonds, thermodynamically formed covalent bonds, N→B coordinate bonds, and hydrogen bonds, in order of increasing dynamic character. The subsequent section discusses the characteristic properties of selected examples of these rigid coplanar π systems in comparison with control compounds that are not rigid and coplanar, particularly focusing on the optical, electronic, and electrochemical properties. For systems bridged with noncovalent interactions, active manipulation of the dynamic bonds can tune variable properties at the molecular or collective level. Intermolecular interactions, solid-state packing, and processing of several cases are then discussed to lay the foundation for future materials applications of rigid coplanar π conjugated compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Congzhi Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, 3255 TAMU, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Alexander J. Kalin
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, 3255 TAMU, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Lei Fang
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, 3255 TAMU, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
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39
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Kunchala D, Sa S, Nayak P, Ponniah S J, Venkatasubbaiah K. Tetrahydrodibenzophenanthridine-Based Boron-Bridged Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons: Synthesis, Structural Diversity, and Optical Properties. Organometallics 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.8b00853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dhanunjayarao Kunchala
- School of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER), Bhubaneswar, HBNI, Bhubaneswar 752050, Odisha, India
| | - Shreenibasa Sa
- School of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER), Bhubaneswar, HBNI, Bhubaneswar 752050, Odisha, India
| | - Prakash Nayak
- School of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER), Bhubaneswar, HBNI, Bhubaneswar 752050, Odisha, India
| | - Joseph Ponniah S
- School of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER), Bhubaneswar, HBNI, Bhubaneswar 752050, Odisha, India
| | - Krishnan Venkatasubbaiah
- School of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER), Bhubaneswar, HBNI, Bhubaneswar 752050, Odisha, India
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