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Ma P, Chen Y, Man Y, Qi Q, Guo Y, Wang H, Li Z, Chang P, Qu C, Han C, Xu H. High-Efficiency Ultraviolet Electroluminescence from Multi-Resonance Phosphine Oxide Polycyclic Aromatics. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023:e202316479. [PMID: 38055193 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202316479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
Efficient ultraviolet (UV) electroluminescent materials remain a great challenge, since short peak wavelength <400 nm and narrow full width at half maximum (FWHM) <50 nm are simultaneously required. In this sense, multi-resonance (MR) thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) emitters featuring narrow-band emissions hold the promise for UV applications. Herein, a novel MR-TADF skeleton featuring carbazole-phosphine oxide (P=O) fused aromatics is developed to construct the first two UV MR emitters named CzP2PO and tBCzP2PO. In addition to synergistic resonance effects of P=O and N atom, sp3 -hybrid P atom renders the curved polycyclic planes of CzP2PO and tBCzP2PO, giving rise to their narrowband UV emissions with peak wavelengths <390 nm and FWHM<35 nm. Besides configuration quasi-planarization for radiation enhancement and quenching suppression, P=O moiety further enhances singlet-triplet coupling to facilitate reverse intersystem crossing, resulting in the state-of-the-art photoluminescence quantum yield of 62 % in tBCzP2PO doped films. As consequence, tBCzP2PO endowed its UV organic light-emitting diodes with the peak at 382 nm and FWHM of 32 nm, and especially the record-high external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 15.1 % among all kinds of UV devices. Our results demonstrate great potential of P=O based MR emitters in practical applications including optoelectronics, biology and medicine science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Ma
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Materials, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150080, China
| | - Yingying Chen
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Materials, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150080, China
| | - Yi Man
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Materials, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150080, China
| | - Quan Qi
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Materials, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150080, China
| | - Yuanting Guo
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Materials, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150080, China
| | - Huiqin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Materials, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150080, China
| | - Zhe Li
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Materials, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150080, China
| | - Peng Chang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Materials, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150080, China
| | - Chao Qu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Materials, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150080, China
| | - Chunmiao Han
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Materials, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150080, China
| | - Hui Xu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Materials, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150080, China
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2
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Yu YJ, Feng ZQ, Meng XY, Chen L, Liu FM, Yang SY, Zhou DY, Liao LS, Jiang ZQ. Introducing Spiro-locks into the Nitrogen/Carbonyl System towards Efficient Narrowband Deep-blue Multi-resonance TADF Emitters. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202310047. [PMID: 37593817 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202310047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
The current availability of multi-resonance thermally activated delayed fluorescence (MR-TADF) materials with excellent color purity and high device efficiency in the deep-blue region is appealing. To address this issue in the emerged nitrogen/carbonyl MR-TADF system, we propose a spiro-lock strategy. By incorporating spiro functionalization into a concise molecular skeleton, a series of emitters (SFQ, SOQ, SSQ, and SSeQ) can enhance molecular rigidity, blue-shift the emission peak, narrow the emission band, increase the photoluminescence quantum yield by over 92 %, and suppress intermolecular interactions in the film state. The referent CZQ without spiro structure has a more planar skeleton, and its bluer emission in the solution state redshifts over 40 nm with serious spectrum broadening and a low PLQY in the film state. As a result, SSQ achieves an external quantum efficiency of 25.5 % with a peak at 456 nm and a small full width at half maximum of 31 nm in a simple unsensitized device, significantly outperforming CZQ. This work discloses the importance of spiro-junction in modulating deep-blue MR-TADF emitters.
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Affiliation(s)
- You-Jun Yu
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, 215123, Suzhou, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Zi-Qi Feng
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, 215123, Suzhou, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Xin-Yue Meng
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, 215123, Suzhou, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Long Chen
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, 215123, Suzhou, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Fu-Ming Liu
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, 215123, Suzhou, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Sheng-Yi Yang
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, 215123, Suzhou, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Dong-Ying Zhou
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, 215123, Suzhou, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Liang-Sheng Liao
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, 215123, Suzhou, Jiangsu, P. R. China
- Macao Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, Macau University of Science and Technology, 999078, Taipa, Macau SAR, China
| | - Zuo-Quan Jiang
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, 215123, Suzhou, Jiangsu, P. R. China
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3
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Madayanad Suresh S, Zhang L, Hall D, Si C, Ricci G, Matulaitis T, Slawin AMZ, Warriner S, Olivier Y, Samuel IDW, Zysman-Colman E. A Deep-Blue-Emitting Heteroatom-Doped MR-TADF Nonacene for High-Performance Organic Light-Emitting Diodes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202215522. [PMID: 36480790 PMCID: PMC10107802 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202215522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
We present a p- and n-doped nonacene compound, NOBNacene, that represents a rare example of a linearly extended ladder-type multiresonant thermally activated delayed fluorescence (MR-TADF) emitter. This compound shows efficient narrow deep blue emission, with a λPL of 410 nm, full width at half maximum, FWHM, of 38 nm, photoluminescence quantum yield, ΦPL of 71 %, and a delayed lifetime, τd of 1.18 ms in 1.5 wt % TSPO1 thin film. The organic light-emitting diode (OLED) using this compound as the emitter shows a comparable electroluminescence spectrum peaked at 409 nm (FWHM=37 nm) and a maximum external quantum efficiency (EQEmax ) of 8.5 % at Commission Internationale de l'Éclairage (CIE) coordinates of (0.173, 0.055). The EQEmax values were increased to 11.2 % at 3 wt % doping of the emitter within the emissive layer of the device. At this concentration, the electroluminescence spectrum broadened slightly, leading to CIE coordinates of (0.176, 0.068).
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Affiliation(s)
- Subeesh Madayanad Suresh
- Organic Semiconductor Centre, EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, KY16 9ST, UK
| | - Le Zhang
- Organic Semiconductor Centre, EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, KY16 9ST, UK.,Organic Semiconductor Centre, SUPA School of Physics and Astronomy, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, KY16 9SS, UK
| | - David Hall
- Organic Semiconductor Centre, EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, KY16 9ST, UK
| | - Changfeng Si
- Organic Semiconductor Centre, EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, KY16 9ST, UK
| | - Gaetano Ricci
- Laboratory for Computational Modeling of Functional Materials & Solid State Physics Laboratory, Namur Institute of Structured Matter, University of Namur, Rue de Bruxelles, 61, 5000, Namur, Belgium
| | - Tomas Matulaitis
- Organic Semiconductor Centre, EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, KY16 9ST, UK
| | - Alexandra M Z Slawin
- Organic Semiconductor Centre, EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, KY16 9ST, UK
| | - Stuart Warriner
- School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Yoann Olivier
- Laboratory for Computational Modeling of Functional Materials & Solid State Physics Laboratory, Namur Institute of Structured Matter, University of Namur, Rue de Bruxelles, 61, 5000, Namur, Belgium
| | - Ifor D W Samuel
- Organic Semiconductor Centre, SUPA School of Physics and Astronomy, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, KY16 9SS, UK
| | - Eli Zysman-Colman
- Organic Semiconductor Centre, EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, KY16 9ST, UK
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Wu S, Kumar Gupta A, Yoshida K, Gong J, Hall D, Cordes DB, Slawin AMZ, Samuel IDW, Zysman‐Colman E. Highly Efficient Green and Red Narrowband Emissive Organic Light-Emitting Diodes Employing Multi-Resonant Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence Emitters. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202213697. [PMID: 36300809 PMCID: PMC10100094 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202213697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we demonstrate how judicious selection of the donor decorating a central multi-resonant thermally activated delayed fluorescence (MR-TADF) core based on DiKTa can lead to very high-performance OLEDs. By decorating the DiKTa core with triphenylamine (TPA) and diphenylamine (DPA), 3TPA-DiKTa and 3DPA-DiKTa exhibit bright, narrowband green and red emission in doped films, respectively. The OLEDs based on these emitters showed record-high performance for this family of emitters with maximum external quantum efficiencies (EQEmax ) of 30.8 % for 3TPA-DiKTa at λEL of 551 nm and 16.7 % for 3DPA-DiKTa at λEL =613 nm. The efficiency roll-off in the OLEDs was improved significantly by using 4CzIPN as an assistant dopant in hyperfluorescence (HF) devices. The outstanding device performance has been attributed to preferential horizontal orientation of the transition dipole moments of 3TPA-DiKTa and 3DPA-DiKTa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sen Wu
- Organic Semiconductor CentreEaStCHEM School of ChemistryUniversity of St AndrewsFifeKY16 9STSt AndrewsUK
| | - Abhishek Kumar Gupta
- Organic Semiconductor CentreEaStCHEM School of ChemistryUniversity of St AndrewsFifeKY16 9STSt AndrewsUK
- Organic Semiconductor CentreSUPA School of Physics and AstronomyUniversity of St AndrewsKY16 9SSSt AndrewsUK
| | - Kou Yoshida
- Organic Semiconductor CentreSUPA School of Physics and AstronomyUniversity of St AndrewsKY16 9SSSt AndrewsUK
| | - Junyi Gong
- Organic Semiconductor CentreSUPA School of Physics and AstronomyUniversity of St AndrewsKY16 9SSSt AndrewsUK
| | - David Hall
- Organic Semiconductor CentreEaStCHEM School of ChemistryUniversity of St AndrewsFifeKY16 9STSt AndrewsUK
| | - David B. Cordes
- Organic Semiconductor CentreEaStCHEM School of ChemistryUniversity of St AndrewsFifeKY16 9STSt AndrewsUK
| | - Alexandra M. Z. Slawin
- Organic Semiconductor CentreEaStCHEM School of ChemistryUniversity of St AndrewsFifeKY16 9STSt AndrewsUK
| | - Ifor D. W. Samuel
- Organic Semiconductor CentreSUPA School of Physics and AstronomyUniversity of St AndrewsKY16 9SSSt AndrewsUK
| | - Eli Zysman‐Colman
- Organic Semiconductor CentreEaStCHEM School of ChemistryUniversity of St AndrewsFifeKY16 9STSt AndrewsUK
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5
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Fan T, Zhang Y, Wang L, Wang Q, Yin C, Du M, Jia X, Li G, Duan L, Duan L. One-Shot Synthesis of B/N-Doped Calix[4]arene Exhibiting Narrowband Multiple Resonance Fluorescence. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202213585. [PMID: 36281782 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202213585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
A novel macrocycle of B/N-doped calix[4]arene (C-BN) was synthesized by a one-shot double boronation. Owing to the structural tension and electron-donating properties of the nitrogen atoms in the macrocycle, reaction selectively proceeds between the adjacent benzene rings outside the macrocycle. C-BN shows a highly centrosymmetric structure with two multiple resonance (MR) fragments bridged by tertiary amine groups at the 1,3 positions of the benzene ring. Benefiting from the large intermolecular distance (>4.6 Å) between adjacent MR-emitting cores, C-BN also exhibits excellent narrowband emitting features against aggregation-induced quenching and spectrum broadening. Optimized organic light-emitting diode devices based on C-BN exhibit high maximum external quantum efficiencies of 24.7-26.6 % and small full width at half maximums of 25-28 nm over a wide doping range of 1-12 wt %.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianjiao Fan
- Key Lab of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
| | - Yuewei Zhang
- Laboratory of Flexible Electronics Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P.R. China
| | - Lu Wang
- Key Lab of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
| | - Qian Wang
- Key Lab of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
| | - Chen Yin
- Key Lab of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
| | - Mingxu Du
- Key Lab of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoqin Jia
- Key Lab of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
| | - Guomeng Li
- Key Lab of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
| | - Lian Duan
- Key Lab of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China.,Laboratory of Flexible Electronics Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P.R. China
| | - Lian Duan
- Tsinghua University Chemistry HeTian Building Dept. of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China 100084 Beijing CHINA
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6
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Yang Y, Li N, Miao J, Cao X, Ying A, Pan K, Lv X, Ni F, Huang Z, Gong S, Yang C. Chiral Multi-Resonance TADF Emitters Exhibiting Narrowband Circularly Polarized Electroluminescence with an EQE of 37.2 . Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202202227. [PMID: 35536020 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202202227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Highly efficient circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) emitters with narrowband emission remain a formidable challenge for circularly polarized OLEDs (CP-OLEDs). Here, a promising strategy for developing chiral emitters concurrently featuring multi-resonance thermally activated delayed fluorescence (MR-TADF) and circularly polarized electroluminescence (CPEL) is demonstrated by the integration of molecular rigidity, central chirality and MR effect. A pair of chiral green emitters denoted as (R)-BN-MeIAc and (S)-BN-MeIAc is designed. Benefited by the rigid and quasi-planar MR-framework, the enantiomers not only display mirror-image CPL spectra, but also exhibit TADF properties with a high photoluminescence quantum yield of 96 %, a narrow FWHM of 30 nm, and a high horizontal dipole orientation of 90 % in the doped film. Consequently, the enantiomer-based CP-OLEDs achieved excellent external quantum efficiencies of 37.2 % with very low efficiency roll-off, representing the highest device efficiency of all the reported CP-OLEDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiyu Yang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of New Information Display and Storage Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, P. R. China
| | - Nengquan Li
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of New Information Display and Storage Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, P. R. China
| | - Jingsheng Miao
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of New Information Display and Storage Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, P. R. China
| | - Xiaosong Cao
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of New Information Display and Storage Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, P. R. China
| | - Ao Ying
- Department of Chemistry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Hubei Key Lab on Organic and Polymeric Optoelectronic Materials, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Ke Pan
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of New Information Display and Storage Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, P. R. China
| | - Xialei Lv
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of New Information Display and Storage Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, P. R. China
| | - Fan Ni
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of New Information Display and Storage Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, P. R. China
| | - Zhongyan Huang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of New Information Display and Storage Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, P. R. China
| | - Shaolong Gong
- Department of Chemistry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Hubei Key Lab on Organic and Polymeric Optoelectronic Materials, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Chuluo Yang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of New Information Display and Storage Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, P. R. China
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7
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Zhang Y, Li G, Wang L, Huang T, Wei J, Meng G, Wang X, Zeng X, Zhang D, Duan L. Fusion of Multi-Resonance Fragment with Conventional Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon for Nearly BT.2020 Green Emission. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202202380. [PMID: 35363418 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202202380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we report a general strategy for achieving ultra-pure green emissions by suppressing the shoulder peaks in the emission spectra of conventional polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Through precise synthetic fusion of multi-resonance (MR) fragments with conventional PAH, extended π-conjugation lengths, increased molecular rigidity, and reduced vibrational frequency could be simultaneously realized. The proof-of-concept emitters exhibited ultra-pure green emissions with dominant peaks at ca. 521 nm, photoluminescence quantum yields that are greater than 99 %, a small full-width-at-half-maximum of 23 nm, and CIE coordinates of (0.16, 0.77). The bottom-emitting organic light-emitting diode (OLED) exhibited a record-high CIEy value of 0.74 and a high maximum external quantum efficiency of 30.5 %. The top-emitting OLED not only achieved a BT.2020 green color (CIE: 0.17, 0.78) for the first time but also showed superior performance among all green OLED devices, with a current efficiency of 220 cd A- .
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuewei Zhang
- Key Lab of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China.,Center for Flexible Electronics Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
| | - Guomeng Li
- Key Lab of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
| | - Lu Wang
- Key Lab of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
| | - Tianyu Huang
- Key Lab of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
| | - Jinbei Wei
- Beijing National Larboratory for molecular Sciences, Insititute of Chemeistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Guoyun Meng
- Key Lab of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
| | - Xiang Wang
- Key Lab of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
| | - Xuan Zeng
- Key Lab of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
| | - Dongdong Zhang
- Key Lab of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
| | - Lian Duan
- Key Lab of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China.,Center for Flexible Electronics Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
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