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Langa F, de la Cruz P, Sharma GD. Organic Solar Cells Based on Non-Fullerene Low Molecular Weight Organic Semiconductor Molecules. CHEMSUSCHEM 2024:e202400361. [PMID: 39240557 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202400361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Revised: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 09/07/2024]
Abstract
The development of narrow bandgap A-D-A- and ADA'DA-type non-fullerene small molecule acceptors (NFSMAs) along with small molecule donors (SMDs) have led to significant progress in all-small molecule organic solar cells. Remarkable power conversion efficiencies, nearing the range of 17-18 %, have been realized. These efficiency values are on par with those achieved in OSCs based on polymeric donors. The commercial application of organic photovoltaic technology requires the design of more efficient organic conjugated small molecule donors and acceptors. In recent years the precise tuning of optoelectronic properties in small molecule donors and acceptors has attracted considerable attention and has contributed greatly to the advancement of all-SM-OSCs. Several reviews have been published in this field, but the focus of this review concerns the advances in research on OSCs using SMDs and NFSMAs from 2018 to the present. The review covers the progress made in binary and ternary OSCs, the effects of solid additives on the performance of all-SM-OSCs, and the recently developed layer-by-layer deposition method for these OSCs. Finally, we present our perspectives and a concise outlook on further advances in all-SM-OSCs for their commercial application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Langa
- Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Instituto de Nanociencia, Nanotecnología y Materiales Moleculares (INAMOL), Campus de la Fábrica de Armas, 45071, Toledo, Spain
| | - Pilar de la Cruz
- Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Instituto de Nanociencia, Nanotecnología y Materiales Moleculares (INAMOL), Campus de la Fábrica de Armas, 45071, Toledo, Spain
| | - Ganesh D Sharma
- Department of Physics, The LNM Institute of Information Technology, Jamdoli, Jaipur (Rai), 302031, India
- Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, The LNM Institute of Information Technology, Jamdoli, Jaipur (Rai), 302031, India
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2
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Imahori H, Akiyama M. Molecular donor-acceptor linked systems as models for examining their interactions in excited states. J Chem Phys 2024; 161:080901. [PMID: 39171699 DOI: 10.1063/5.0222310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2024] [Accepted: 08/05/2024] [Indexed: 08/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Molecular donor-acceptor (D-A) linked systems have attracted significant attention due to their potential to address D-A interactions in excited states. In these systems, it is crucial to understand the interplay between electrons and spin behaviors, atomic nucleus movements (including vibration, rotation, fluctuation, and transfer), and collective motion (electron-phonon coupling) over time. Through intentional manipulation of locally excited, charge-transfer excited, and charge-separated states, along with modulation of dynamic effects (enhancement or restraint), we expect to unlock the full potential of D-A systems for photofunctions in electronics, energy, healthcare, and functional materials. In this perspective, we present our recent examples of D-A linked systems and related ones that address the aforementioned issues as part of our "Dynamic Exciton" research project in Japan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Imahori
- Department of Molecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (WPI-iCeMS), Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
- Institute for Liberal Arts and Sciences (ILAS), Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Midori Akiyama
- Department of Molecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
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3
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Yadav SK, Patter A, Sankar M. Enhanced Catalytic Activity of Binuclear Oxidovanadium(IV) Bisbenzimidazole Linked Porphyrin Dimer for the Generation of Biologically Active 3,4-Dihydropyrimidinones and Their Corresponding Thiones. Inorg Chem 2024; 63:11102-11112. [PMID: 38831586 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.4c00701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
Binuclear vanadyl(IV) porphyrin (V2BP), where two vanadium(IV) porphyrin macrocycles are linked through benzimidazole units at the β-positions, has been prepared and characterized with various techniques, such as UV-vis, Fourier transform-infrared, electron paramagnetic resonance, cyclic voltammetry, density functional transform calculations, and mass spectrometry. V2BP exhibits a red shift (Δλmax = 10 nm) in the Soret band as compared with unsubstituted parent vanadyl(IV) meso-tetraphenylporphyrin (VP). The synthesized binuclear vanadyl(IV) porphyrin (V2BP) has further been studied as a catalyst to explore a single-pot multicomponent Biginelli reaction producing biologically active 3,4-dihydropyrimidin-2-(1H)-one (DHPM)-based biomolecules and the corresponding thiones under solvent-free conditions and its catalytic activity has been compared with vanadyl(IV) meso-tetraphenylporphyrin (VP). Several reaction conditions, such as the amount of catalyst, time, solvent, and temperature, have been optimized to obtain the maximum yield of DHPMs or thiones. The synthesized β-functionalized V2BP porphyrin dimer manifests much higher conversion (84-95% yield) of DHPMs or the corresponding thiones under the optimized reaction conditions with high TON (4454-5037) and TOF (1113-1259 h-1) values for the one-pot multicomponent Biginelli reaction as compared to the literature. The catalyst exhibited excellent recyclability up to 10 cycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumit Kumar Yadav
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee 247667, India
| | - Akhil Patter
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee 247667, India
| | - Muniappan Sankar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee 247667, India
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Cerqueira AFR, Pinto AL, Malta G, Neves MGPMS, Parola AJ, Tomé AC. Synthesis and Photovoltaic Performance of β-Amino-Substituted Porphyrin Derivatives. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5979. [PMID: 38892167 PMCID: PMC11172761 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25115979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Revised: 05/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
New β-amino-substituted porphyrin derivatives bearing carboxy groups were synthesized and their performance as sensitizers in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSC) was evaluated. The new compounds were obtained in good yields (63-74%) through nucleophilic aromatic substitution reactions with 3-sulfanyl- and 4-sulfanylbenzoic acids. Although the electrochemical studies indicated suitable HOMO and LUMO energy levels for use in DSSC, the devices fabricated with these compounds revealed a low power conversion efficiency (PCE) that is primarily due to the low open-circuit voltage (Voc) and short-circuit current density (Jsc) values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana F. R. Cerqueira
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (A.F.R.C.); (M.G.P.M.S.N.)
| | - Ana Lucia Pinto
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, NOVA School of Science and Technology, FCT NOVA, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal; (A.L.P.); (G.M.)
| | - Gabriela Malta
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, NOVA School of Science and Technology, FCT NOVA, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal; (A.L.P.); (G.M.)
| | - Maria G. P. M. S. Neves
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (A.F.R.C.); (M.G.P.M.S.N.)
| | - A. Jorge Parola
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, NOVA School of Science and Technology, FCT NOVA, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal; (A.L.P.); (G.M.)
| | - Augusto C. Tomé
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (A.F.R.C.); (M.G.P.M.S.N.)
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Singh J, Singh A, Nath M. A divergent one-pot thiol-Michael strategy to create β-thiophene-fused porphyrins. Org Biomol Chem 2024; 22:4369-4377. [PMID: 38738686 DOI: 10.1039/d4ob00598h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
A divergent one-pot domino strategy for the synthesis of nickel(II) and copper(II) β-thiophene-fused 5,10,15,20-tetraarylporphyrins was developed through a thiol-Michael addition of thioglycolic/thiolactic acid to the corresponding 2-iminoporphyrins, formed in situ after the reaction of nickel(II) and copper(II) 2-formyl-5,10,15,20-tetraarylporphyrins with sterically hindered tert-butylamine in 1,2-dichloroethane at 80 °C. Interestingly, the reaction of 2-formylporphyrins with comparatively less sterically hindered primary amines and thioglycolic acid afforded a mixture of β-substituted porphyrinic thiazolidinones and β-thiophene-fused porphyrins. A similar one-pot thiol-Michael protocol was applied to construct a novel free-base thieno[2,3-b]-meso-tetrakis(4-methoxyphenyl)porphyrin, which underwent zinc insertion by using zinc acetate in a CHCl3-MeOH mixture and afforded zinc(II) β-thiophene-fused meso-tetrakis(4-methoxyphenyl)porphyrin in an appreciable isolated yield. On photophysical evaluation, these new porphyrins displayed a modest bathochromically shifted electronic absorption in contrast to meso-tetraarylporphyrin building blocks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jagmeet Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Delhi, Delhi 110 007, India.
| | - Abhijeet Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Delhi, Delhi 110 007, India.
| | - Mahendra Nath
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Delhi, Delhi 110 007, India.
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Guo Q, Higashino T, Adachi R, Wechwithayakhlung C, Packwood D, Yamakata A, Imahori H. Suppression of Charge Recombination by Vertical Arrangement of A Donor Moiety on Flat Planar Dyes for Efficient Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells. CHEMSUSCHEM 2024; 17:e202301661. [PMID: 38191798 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202301661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
In dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs), flat planar dyes (e. g., highly light-harvesting porphyrins and corroles) with multiple anchoring groups are known to adopt a horizontal orientation on TiO2 through the multiple binding to TiO2. Due to the strong electronic coupling between the dye and TiO2, fast charge recombination between the oxidized dye and an electron in TiO2 occurs, lowering the power conversion efficiency (η). To overcome this situation, an additional donor moiety can be placed on top of the planar dye on TiO2 to slow down the undesirable charge recombination. Here we report the synthesis and photovoltaic properties of a triarylamine (TAA)-tethered gold(III) corrole (TAA-AuCor). The DSSC with TAA-AuCor using iodine redox shuttle exhibited the highest η-value among corrole-based DSSCs, which is much higher than that with the reference AuCor. The transient absorption spectroscopies clearly demonstrated that fast electron transfer from the TAA moiety to the corrole radical cation in TAA-AuCor competes with the undesirable charge recombination to generate long-lived charge separated state TAA⋅+-Cor/TiO2⋅- efficiently. Consequently, the introduction of the TAA moiety enhanced the η-value remarkably, demonstrating the usefulness of our new concept to manipulate charge-separated states toward highly efficient DSSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Guo
- Department of Molecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Higashino
- Department of Molecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan
| | - Rintaro Adachi
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan
| | - Chayanit Wechwithayakhlung
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (iCeMS), Kyoto University Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Daniel Packwood
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (iCeMS), Kyoto University Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Akira Yamakata
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Imahori
- Department of Molecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (iCeMS), Kyoto University Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
- Institute for Liberal Arts and Sciences (ILAS), Kyoto University Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8316, Japan
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Huang S, Li Q, Li S, Li C, Tan H, Xie Y. Recent advances in the approaches for improving the photovoltaic performance of porphyrin-based DSSCs. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:4521-4536. [PMID: 38592027 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc06299f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
Among other photovoltaic techniques including perovskite solar cells and organic solar cells, dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) are considered to be a potential alternative to conventional silicon solar cells. Porphyrins are promising dyes with the properties of easy modification and superior light-harvesting capability. However, porphyrin dyes still suffer from a number of unfavorable aspects, which need to be addressed in order to improve the photovoltaic performance. This feature article briefly summarizes the recent progress in improving the Voc and Jsc of porphyrin-based DSSCs in terms of molecular engineering by modifying the porphyrin macrocycle, donor and acceptor moieties of the porphyrin dyes, coadsorption of the porphrin dyes with bulky coadsorbents like chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA), and cosensitization of the porphyrin dyes with metal-free organic dyes. Notably, concerted companion (CC) dyes are described in detail, which have been constructed by linking a porphyrin dye subunit and a metal-free organic dye subunit with flexible alkoxy chains to achieve panchromatic absorption and concerted enhancement of Voc and Jsc. In one sentence, this article is expected to provide further insights into the development of high performance DSSCs through the design and syntheses of efficient porphyrin dyes and CC dyes in combination with device optimization to achieve simultaneously elevated Voc and Jsc, which may inspire and promote further progress in the commercialization of the DSSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shucheng Huang
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai 200237, China.
| | - Qizhao Li
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai 200237, China.
| | - Shijun Li
- College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology of Ministry of Education, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, China
| | - Chengjie Li
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai 200237, China.
| | - Haijun Tan
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical and Magneto-chemical Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, China.
| | - Yongshu Xie
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai 200237, China.
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Kushwaha A, Srivastava D, Prakash O, Kociok-Köhn G, Gosavi SW, Chauhan R, Muddassir M, Kumar A. 1,1'-Bis-(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene appended d 8- and d 10-configuration based thiosquarates: the molecular and electronic configurational insights into their sensitization and co-sensitization properties for dye sensitized solar cells. Dalton Trans 2024; 53:6818-6829. [PMID: 38546210 DOI: 10.1039/d4dt00151f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
Three new d8- and d10-configuration based 1,1'-bis-(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene (dppf) appended thiosquarates complexes with general composition [M(mtsq)2dppf] (M = Ni2+ (NiL2); Zn2+ (ZnL2) and Cd2+ (CdL2)) (mtsq = 3-ethoxycyclobutenedione-4-thiolate) have been synthesized and characterized spectroscopically as well as in case of NiL2 by single crystal X-ray diffraction technique. The single crystal X-ray analysis reveals square planar geometry around Ni(II) in NiL2, where Ni(II) coordinates with two sulfur centres of two mtsq ligands in monodentate fashion and two phosphorus of a dppf ligand in chelating mode. The supramolecular architecture of NiL2 is sustained by intermolecular C-H⋯O interactions to form one-dimensional chain. Further, the application of these newly synthesized complexes as sensitizers and co-sensitizers/co-absorbents with ruthenium based N719 sensitizer in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) have been explored. The DSSC set-up based on NiL2 offers best photovoltaic performance with photovoltaic efficiency (η) 5.12%, short-circuit current (Jsc) 11.60 mA cm-2, open circuit potential (Voc) 0.690 V and incident photon to current conversion efficiency (IPCE) 63%. In co-sensitized DSSC set-up, ZnL2 along with state-of-the-art N719 dye displays best photovoltaic performance with η 6.65%, Jsc 14.47 mA cm-2, Voc 0.729 V and IPCE 69%, thereby showing an improvement by 15.25% in photovoltaic efficiency in comparison to the photovoltaic efficiency of N719 sensitized DSSC set-up. Variation in co-sensitization behaviour have been ascribed to the differences in the excited state energy level of co-sensitizers. The ZnL2 and CdL2 have a higher energy level position than N719 dye, allowing efficient electron transfer to N719 during light irradiation, while excited state of NiL2 is lower than N719 dye, preventing photoexcited electron transfer to N719, resulting in its lowest overall efficiency among the three co-sensitized DSSC setups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aparna Kushwaha
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Lucknow, Lucknow 226 007, India.
| | - Devyani Srivastava
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Lucknow, Lucknow 226 007, India.
| | - Om Prakash
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Lucknow, Lucknow 226 007, India.
| | - Gabriele Kociok-Köhn
- Materials and Chemical Characterisation Facility (MC2), University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK
| | - Suresh W Gosavi
- Department of Physics, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune-411007, India
| | - Ratna Chauhan
- Department of Environmental Science, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune-411007, India.
| | - Mohd Muddassir
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abhinav Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Lucknow, Lucknow 226 007, India.
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Guo Y, Wu J, Lin Z, Tang F, Yuan L, Wu H, Peng X. Novel Beta-Functionalized Porphyrins Approaching 11% Efficiency for Organic Solar Cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:17531-17539. [PMID: 38530924 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c00167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
Porphyrins and their derivatives possess high molar extinction coefficients and strong electron-donating abilities and have been widely used in organic solar cells (OSCs). Though porphyrins can be easily functionalized at the four meso-positions and the eight β-positions, nearly all porphyrin photovoltaic materials are reported to be functionalized at the meso-positions, and the porphyrin photovoltaic materials functionalized at the β-positions are to be explored. Herein, the regioselective β-positions of a porphyrin are first brominated without using rare metal iridium catalysts, and then, after two more reactions, two antipodal β-substituted porphyrin donors EHDPP-Por and BODPP-Por are synthesized, in which four DPP (diketopyrrolopyrrole) units are connected symmetrically with acetylene at four of the β-positions, for OSCs. The all-small-molecule organic solar cells based on EHDPP-Por:Y6 and BODPP-Por:Y6 active layers achieved power conversion efficiencies of 10.19 and 10.99%, respectively, which are higher than most of the binary OSCs based on the porphyrins functionalized at the meso-positions, demonstrating that β-functionalized porphyrins are very promising for OSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinchun Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Guangdong Basic Research Center of Excellence for Energy & Information Polymer Materials, South China University of Technology, 381 Wushan Road, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Jifa Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Guangdong Basic Research Center of Excellence for Energy & Information Polymer Materials, South China University of Technology, 381 Wushan Road, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Zhenkun Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Guangdong Basic Research Center of Excellence for Energy & Information Polymer Materials, South China University of Technology, 381 Wushan Road, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Feng Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Guangdong Basic Research Center of Excellence for Energy & Information Polymer Materials, South China University of Technology, 381 Wushan Road, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Lin Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Guangdong Basic Research Center of Excellence for Energy & Information Polymer Materials, South China University of Technology, 381 Wushan Road, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Hanping Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Guangdong Basic Research Center of Excellence for Energy & Information Polymer Materials, South China University of Technology, 381 Wushan Road, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Xiaobin Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Guangdong Basic Research Center of Excellence for Energy & Information Polymer Materials, South China University of Technology, 381 Wushan Road, Guangzhou 510640, China
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Nandi RP, Chandra B, Ghosh S, Sarma SP, Geremia S, Hickey N, Thilagar P. Pyrrole βC-B-N Fused Porphyrins: Molecular Structures and Opto-Electrochemical Studies. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202304219. [PMID: 38155424 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202304219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we report the design, synthesis, structure, and electrochemical study of doubly βC-B-N fused Ni(II) porphyrins (1-trans, 1-cis, 2-trans, and 2-cis). These compounds have been synthesized from A2B2 type dipyridyl Ni(II) porphyrins (Ar=Ph for 1 a; Ar=C6F5 for 2 a) via Lewis base-directed electrophilic aromatic borylation reactions. The solution state structures of these compounds have been established using 1H NMR, 11B NMR, 1H-1H COSY, 1H-13C HSQC, and 19F-13C HSQC NMR techniques. Single crystal X-ray analysis have revealed that 1-trans, 1-cis, and 2-trans adopt ruffled conformations, with alternate meso-carbons on the opposite sides of the mean porphyrin plane. The Soret bands in the absorption spectra of the B-N fused molecules are ~40 nm redshifted compared to unfused Ni(II) porphyrin precursors. The B-N fusion have diminished the redox potential of fused porphyrins. Although 1-trans and 1-cis, show four oxidation processes, 2-trans and 2-cis show only three oxidation processes. DFT studies have revealed that the tetrahedral geometry of the boron has induced a twist in the π-conjugation, which destabilizes the HOMO and stabilizes the LUMO in 1-trans, 1-cis, 2-trans, and 2-cis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajendra Prasad Nandi
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, INDIA
| | - Brijesh Chandra
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, INDIA
| | - Subhajit Ghosh
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, INDIA
| | - Siddhartha P Sarma
- Molecular Biophysics Unit, Division of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, INDIA
| | - Silvano Geremia
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Trieste, via L. Giorgieri 1, 34127, Trieste, ITALY
| | - Neal Hickey
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Trieste, via L. Giorgieri 1, 34127, Trieste, ITALY
| | - Pakkirisamy Thilagar
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, INDIA
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11
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Sekkat Y, Fitri A, Britel O, Benjelloun AT, Benzakour M, Mcharfi M. A theoretical study on the role of the π-spacer in the thoughtful design of good light-absorbing dyes with phenothiazine for efficient dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). J Mol Model 2023; 30:5. [PMID: 38085377 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-023-05783-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
CONTEXT In this work, we designed ten new organic phenothiazine dyes bridged by different πi-spacers (PTZ1-PTZ10) of D-π-A type based on the synthesized dye CC202-III for their efficacy in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSC) applications. To learn how various π-spacers affect their performance in DSSCs, these isolated dyes and dye-cluster systems have had their geometries, electronic structures, absorption spectra, dipole moments, and molecular electrostatic potential examined and talked about. Additionally, a number of quantization parameters that affect power conversion efficiency (PCE), including light collection efficiency (LHE), reorganization energy (λtotal), vertical dipole moment (μnormal), strength electron injection driving force (ΔGinject), regeneration driving force (ΔGreg), excited state lifetime (τ), and open circuit voltage (VOC), were calculated in order to identify the organic dyes that would be best suited for DSSC applications. Calculated results revealed that the designed dyes PTZ3, PTZ4, PTZ5, and PTZ10 exhibit a lower energy gap among all dyes compared to the corresponding CC202-III. Additionally, PTZ3, PTZ4, PTZ5, PTZ7, PTZ8, PTZ9, and PTZ10 exhibit significant red-shifted absorption spectra compared to the other dyes with a larger oscillator strength, which improves the photocurrent density of the devices. The findings thus imply that bridge modification is a workable tactic to raise DSSC effectiveness. METHOD We used density functional theory (DFT) and time-dependent DFT (TD-DFT) methods to study the electronic and photovoltaic properties of the dyes designed (PTZ1-PTZ10) to assess their effectiveness in DSSCs. DFT and TD-DFT simulations are theoretically used to deeply analyze key characteristics of all organic dyes that affect open-circuit voltage (VOC) and short-circuit current (JSC) to identify structure-property relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yassir Sekkat
- Faculty of Sciences Dhar El Mahraz, LIMAS, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Fez, Morocco.
| | - Asmae Fitri
- Faculty of Sciences Dhar El Mahraz, LIMAS, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Fez, Morocco
| | - Omar Britel
- Faculty of Sciences Dhar El Mahraz, LIMAS, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Fez, Morocco
| | - Adil Touimi Benjelloun
- Faculty of Sciences Dhar El Mahraz, LIMAS, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Fez, Morocco.
| | - Mohammed Benzakour
- Faculty of Sciences Dhar El Mahraz, LIMAS, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Fez, Morocco
| | - Mohammed Mcharfi
- Faculty of Sciences Dhar El Mahraz, LIMAS, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Fez, Morocco
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12
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Zhou H, Lee HJ, Masud, Aftabuzzaman M, Kang SH, Kim CH, Kim HM, Kim HK. Synergistic Effect of Size-Tailored Structural Engineering and Postinterface Modification for Highly Efficient and Stable Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:43835-43844. [PMID: 37695216 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c09228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
Despite significant progress in device performance, dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) continue to fall short of their theoretical potential. Moreover, research in recent years needs to pay more attention to improving the device fabrication process. To achieve the theoretical efficiency limit, it is crucial to optimize the interface between the dye and TiO2 nanoparticles in the entire device stack. Our study indicates that optimizing the structure or size of the coadsorbents and implementing a monolayer adsorption process can be an effective strategy to reduce charge recombination and enhance light-harvesting properties. Our research aims to develop a surface-coating adsorbent plan that controls the TiO2 nanoparticle interface to achieve the radiative limit of power conversion efficiency (PCE). Specifically, we utilized 2-thiophenecarboxylic acid (THCA) or chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA) as postinterfacial surface-coating adsorbents. Our results demonstrate that this approach effectively achieves the desired PCE limit. Combined with the coadsorbent structure engineering and interface optimization, the device increased the packing area on the TiO2 nanoparticles' surface, reaching an improved PCE of over 13.17% under simulated sunlight (1.5G), which is the highest efficiency of a porphyrin single dye-based DSSC. In particular, this practical approach was also applied to a large-area DSSC with an area of 3 cm2, yielding a remarkable PCE of 9.04%. Furthermore, when applied to a polymer gel electrolyte, this novel approach recorded the highest PCE of 11.16% with a long-term operational stability of up to 1000 h for the quasi-solid-state DSSCs. Our research findings provide a promising avenue for achieving high-performance DSSCs with ease of access and demonstrate practical applications as alternatives to conventional power sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoran Zhou
- Global GET-Future Lab. & Department of Advanced Materials Chemistry, Korea University, Sejong 339-700, Korea
- Renewable Energy Materials Laboratory (REML), Advanced Institute of Convergence Technology, Seoul National University, Suwon 16229, Korea
| | - Hyun Jae Lee
- Department of Advanced Materials Chemistry, Korea University, Sejong 339-700, Korea
| | - Masud
- Global GET-Future Lab. & Department of Advanced Materials Chemistry, Korea University, Sejong 339-700, Korea
| | - Mohammad Aftabuzzaman
- Global GET-Future Lab. & Department of Advanced Materials Chemistry, Korea University, Sejong 339-700, Korea
| | - Sung Ho Kang
- Renewable Energy Materials Laboratory (REML), Advanced Institute of Convergence Technology, Seoul National University, Suwon 16229, Korea
| | - Chul Hoon Kim
- Department of Advanced Materials Chemistry, Korea University, Sejong 339-700, Korea
| | - Hyung Mun Kim
- Global GET-Future Lab. & Department of Advanced Materials Chemistry, Korea University, Sejong 339-700, Korea
| | - Hwan Kyu Kim
- Global GET-Future Lab. & Department of Advanced Materials Chemistry, Korea University, Sejong 339-700, Korea
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13
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Luo J, Lu Q, Li Q, Li Z, Wang Y, Wu X, Li C, Xie Y. Efficient Solar Cells Based on Porphyrin and Concerted Companion Dyes Featuring Benzo 12-Crown-4 for Suppressing Charge Recombination and Enhancing Dye Loading. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:41569-41579. [PMID: 37608739 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c09187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, various porphyrin dyes have been designed to develop efficient dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). Based on our previously reported porphyrin dye XW43, which contains a phenothiazine donor with two diethylene glycol (DEG)-derived substituents, we herein report a porphyrin dye XW89 by introducing a benzo 12-crown-4 (BCE) unit onto the N atom of the phenothiazine donor. On this basis, XW90 and XW91 have been synthesized by replacing a DEG chain in XW89 with two DEG chains and a 12-crown-4 unit, respectively. For iodine electrolyte-based DSSCs, dyes XW89-XW91 exhibit VOC values of 765-779 mV, higher than that of XW43 (755 mV), which may be related to the strong capability of the BCE group in binding Li+ and thus suppressing the downward shift of the TiO2 conduction band and interfacial charge recombination. Moreover, the smaller size of 12-crown-4 than the DEG unit enables higher adsorption amounts of the dyes than XW43, contributing to an enhanced JSC value. Due to the presence of two BCE units, dye XW91 exhibits the highest dye loading amount and JSC of 1.86 × 10-7 mol cm-2 and 19.79 mA cm-2, respectively, affording a high PCE of 11.1%. To further enhance the light-harvesting ability, a concerted companion (CC) dye XW92 has been constructed by linking the two subdye units corresponding to the porphyrin dye XW91 and an organic dye. As a result, XW92 affords an enhanced JSC and efficiency. Further coadsorption of XW92 with chenodeoxycholic acid achieved the highest efficiency of 12.1%. This work provides an effective approach for fabricating efficient DSSCs sensitized by porphyrin and CC dyes based on the introduction of crown ether units with smaller sizes and stronger Li+ affinities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxin Luo
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Qingjun Lu
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Qizhao Li
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Zhemin Li
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Yuqing Wang
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Xinyan Wu
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Chengjie Li
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Yongshu Xie
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
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14
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Zhou H, Ji JM, Lee HS, Masud, Aftabuzzaman M, Lee DN, Kim CH, Kim HK. D-π-A Structured Porphyrin and Organic Dyes with Easily Synthesizable Donor Units for Low-Cost and Efficient Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:39426-39434. [PMID: 37578375 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c08877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to develop low-cost D-π-A structured porphyrin and organic dyes with easily synthesizable donor units instead of the conventional complex multistep synthetic donor unit of Hexyloxy-BPFA [bis(7-(2,4-bis(hexyloxy)phenyl)-9,9-dimethyl-9H-fluoren-2-yl)amine] used in SGT-021 and SGT-149 as well-known record cosensitizers with an extremely high power conversion efficiency (PCE). The design strategy concerned the easier synthesis of low-cost donor units with inversion structures in donor groups via donor structural engineering, particularly by changing the position of the fluorene and phenylene units in the donor moiety while keeping the π-bridge and acceptor unit unchanged, leading to the synthesis of two D-π-A structured porphyrins [SGT-021(D0) and SGT-021(D)] and one D-π-A structured organic sensitizer [SGT-149(D)] for dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). Specifically, porphyrin SGT-021(D0) incorporated two hexyl chains into the 9-position of each fluorene, while SGT-021(D) and SGT-149(D) substituted two hexyloxy chain units to the terminal position of each fluorene in the donor groups of porphyrin dyes. The effect of the position of the fluorene and phenylene units in the donor moiety on the photochemical and electrochemical properties, as well as the photovoltaic performance, was compared with the reference dyes of SGT-021 and SGT-149, previously reported by the research group. After optimizing the DSSC devices, SGT-021(D) and SGT-021(D0) achieved a high PCE of 11.6 and 10.5%, respectively, while SGT-149(D) exhibited a little lower PCE of 10.3% under the standard AM 1.5G light intensity. The cell performance of DSSC devices based on SGT-021(D) and SGT-149(D) was inferior to the corresponding reference dyes of SGT-021 and SGT-149 due to their lower donating ability of Hexyloxy-BPFA than Hexyloxy-BFPA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoran Zhou
- Global GET-Future Lab. and Department of Advanced Materials Chemistry, Korea University, Sejong 339-700, Korea
- Renewable Energy Materials Laboratory (REML), Advanced Institute of Convergence Technology, Seoul National University, Suwon 16229, Korea
| | - Jung-Min Ji
- Global GET-Future Lab. and Department of Advanced Materials Chemistry, Korea University, Sejong 339-700, Korea
- Max-Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion, Stiftstraße 34-36, 45740 Melheim, Germany
| | - Hyun Seok Lee
- Department of Advanced Materials Chemistry, Korea University, Sejong 339-700, Korea
| | - Masud
- Global GET-Future Lab. and Department of Advanced Materials Chemistry, Korea University, Sejong 339-700, Korea
| | - Mohammad Aftabuzzaman
- Global GET-Future Lab. and Department of Advanced Materials Chemistry, Korea University, Sejong 339-700, Korea
| | - Dong-Nam Lee
- Global GET-Future Lab. and Department of Advanced Materials Chemistry, Korea University, Sejong 339-700, Korea
- School of Chemical Engineering and Center for Antibonding Regulated Crystals, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea
| | - Chul Hoon Kim
- Department of Advanced Materials Chemistry, Korea University, Sejong 339-700, Korea
| | - Hwan Kyu Kim
- Global GET-Future Lab. and Department of Advanced Materials Chemistry, Korea University, Sejong 339-700, Korea
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15
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Lv X, Morimoto H, Liu N, Kuzuhara D, Aratani N, Yamada H, Qiu F, Xue S. Bent Dithienoporphyrin(2.1.2.1): Synthesis, Structure, Optical and Electronic Properties, and Metal Complexation. J Org Chem 2023. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c02520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojuan Lv
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Hirofumi Morimoto
- Division of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5 Takayama-cho, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
| | - Ningchao Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Daiki Kuzuhara
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Iwate University, 4-3-5 Ueda, Morioka 020-8551, Japan
| | - Naoki Aratani
- Division of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5 Takayama-cho, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
| | - Hiroko Yamada
- Division of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5 Takayama-cho, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
| | - Fengxian Qiu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Songlin Xue
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, China
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16
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Ren Y, Zhang D, Suo J, Cao Y, Eickemeyer FT, Vlachopoulos N, Zakeeruddin SM, Hagfeldt A, Grätzel M. Hydroxamic acid pre-adsorption raises the efficiency of cosensitized solar cells. Nature 2023; 613:60-65. [PMID: 36288749 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-05460-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Dye-sensitized solar cells (DSCs) convert light into electricity by using photosensitizers adsorbed on the surface of nanocrystalline mesoporous titanium dioxide (TiO2) films along with electrolytes or solid charge-transport materials1-3. They possess many features including transparency, multicolour and low-cost fabrication, and are being deployed in glass facades, skylights and greenhouses4. Recent development of sensitizers5-10, redox mediators11-13 and device structures14 has improved the performance of DSCs, particularly under ambient light conditions14-17. To further enhance their efficiency, it is pivotal to control the assembly of dye molecules on the surface of TiO2 to favour charge generation. Here we report a route of pre-adsorbing a monolayer of a hydroxamic acid derivative on the surface of TiO2 to improve the dye molecular packing and photovoltaic performance of two newly designed co-adsorbed sensitizers that harvest light quantitatively across the entire visible domain. The best performing cosensitized solar cells exhibited a power conversion efficiency of 15.2% (which has been independently confirmed) under a standard air mass of 1.5 global simulated sunlight, and showed long-term operational stability (500 h). Devices with a larger active area of 2.8 cm2 exhibited a power conversion efficiency of 28.4% to 30.2% over a wide range of ambient light intensities, along with high stability. Our findings pave the way for facile access to high-performance DSCs and offer promising prospects for applications as power supplies and battery replacements for low-power electronic devices18-20 that use ambient light as their energy source.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yameng Ren
- Laboratory of Photonics and Interfaces, Institute of Chemical Sciences & Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Dan Zhang
- Laboratory of Photomolecular Science, Institute of Chemical Sciences & Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Optoelectronic Nanomaterials, Institute of Chemical Sciences & Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jiajia Suo
- Laboratory of Photomolecular Science, Institute of Chemical Sciences & Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Department of Chemistry - Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Yiming Cao
- Laboratory of Photonics and Interfaces, Institute of Chemical Sciences & Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland. .,H.Glass SA, Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Felix T Eickemeyer
- Laboratory of Photonics and Interfaces, Institute of Chemical Sciences & Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Nick Vlachopoulos
- Laboratory of Photonics and Interfaces, Institute of Chemical Sciences & Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Shaik M Zakeeruddin
- Laboratory of Photonics and Interfaces, Institute of Chemical Sciences & Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Anders Hagfeldt
- Laboratory of Photomolecular Science, Institute of Chemical Sciences & Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland. .,Department of Chemistry - Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Michael Grätzel
- Laboratory of Photonics and Interfaces, Institute of Chemical Sciences & Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
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17
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Singh AK, Kavungathodi MFM, Mozer AJ, Krishnamoorthy K, Nithyanandhan J. Solvent-Dependent Functional Aggregates of Unsymmetrical Squaraine Dyes on TiO 2 Surface for Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2022; 38:14808-14818. [PMID: 36417560 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.2c02469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Alkyl group wrapped donor-acceptor-donor (D-A-D) based unsymmetrical squaraine dyes SQ1, SQ5, and SQS4 were used to evaluate the effect of sensitizing solvents on dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC) efficiency. A drastic change in DSSC efficiency was observed when the photo-anodes were sensitized in acetonitrile (bad solvent when considering dye solubility) and chloroform (good solvent) with an Iodolyte (I-/I3-) electrolyte. The DSSC device sensitized with squaraine dyes in acetonitrile showed better photovoltaic performance with enhanced photocurrent generation and photovoltage compared to the device sensitized in chloroform. In a good sensitizing solvent, dyes with long hydrophobic alkyl chains are deleterious forming aggregates on the TiO2 surface, which results in an incident photon-to-current conversion efficiency (IPCE) response mostly from monomeric and dimeric structures. Meanwhile, a bad sensitizing solvent facilitates the formation of well-packed self-assembled structures on the TiO2 surface, which are responsible for a broad IPCE response and high device efficiencies. The photoanode sensitized in the bad sensitizing solvent showed enhanced VOC values of 642, 675, and 699 mV; JSC values of 6.38, 11.1, and 11.69 mA/cm2; and DSSC device efficiencies of 3.0, 5.63, and 6.13% for the SQ1, SQ5, and SQS4 dyes in the absence of a coadsorbent (chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA)), respectively, which were further enhanced by CDCA addition. Meanwhile, the photoanode sensitized in the good sensitizing solvent showed relatively low photovoltaic VOC values of 640, 652, and 650 mV; JSC values of 5.78, 6.79, and 6.24 mA/cm2; and device efficiencies of 2.73, 3.35, and 3.20% for SQ1, SQ5, and SQS4 in the absence of CDCA, respectively, which were further varied with equivalents of CDCA. The best DSSC device efficiencies of 6.13 and 3.20% were obtained for SQS4 without CDCA, where the dye was sensitized in acetonitrile (bad) and chloroform (good) sensitizing solvents, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ambarish Kumar Singh
- Physical and Materials Chemistry Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory and CSIR-Network of Institutes for Solar Energy, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune 411008, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Munavvar Fairoos Mele Kavungathodi
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, Intelligent Polymer Research Institute, Australian Institute for Innovative Materials, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales 2522, Australia
| | - Attila J Mozer
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, Intelligent Polymer Research Institute, Australian Institute for Innovative Materials, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales 2522, Australia
| | - Kothandam Krishnamoorthy
- Polymer Science and Engineering Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory and CSIR-Network of Institutes for Solar Energy, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune 411008, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Jayaraj Nithyanandhan
- Physical and Materials Chemistry Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory and CSIR-Network of Institutes for Solar Energy, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune 411008, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
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18
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Selvaraj B, Shanmugam G, Kamaraj S, Thirugnanasambandam E, Peters S, Gunasekeran A, Sambandam A, Pillai RS. Effect of Copper and Cobalt Metal Complex Redox Mediator Based Xanthan Gum Gel Electrolyte Materials on Performance of Dye Sensitized Solar Cells. ChemistrySelect 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202203197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Balamurugan Selvaraj
- Advanced inorganic chemistry laboratory Department of Chemistry Faculty of Engineering and Technology SRM Institute and Science and Technology SRM Nagar Kattankulathur 603203, Kancheepuram District Tamil Nadu India
| | - Ganesan Shanmugam
- Advanced inorganic chemistry laboratory Department of Chemistry Faculty of Engineering and Technology SRM Institute and Science and Technology SRM Nagar Kattankulathur 603203, Kancheepuram District Tamil Nadu India
| | - Santhosh Kamaraj
- Advanced inorganic chemistry laboratory Department of Chemistry Faculty of Engineering and Technology SRM Institute and Science and Technology SRM Nagar Kattankulathur 603203, Kancheepuram District Tamil Nadu India
| | - Eswaramoorthi Thirugnanasambandam
- Advanced inorganic chemistry laboratory Department of Chemistry Faculty of Engineering and Technology SRM Institute and Science and Technology SRM Nagar Kattankulathur 603203, Kancheepuram District Tamil Nadu India
| | - Silda Peters
- Advanced inorganic chemistry laboratory Department of Chemistry Faculty of Engineering and Technology SRM Institute and Science and Technology SRM Nagar Kattankulathur 603203, Kancheepuram District Tamil Nadu India
| | - Ahalya Gunasekeran
- Nanomaterials and Solar Energy Conversion Lab Department of Chemistry National Institute of Technology Tiruchirappalli 620 015 Tamilnadu India
| | - Anandan Sambandam
- Nanomaterials and Solar Energy Conversion Lab Department of Chemistry National Institute of Technology Tiruchirappalli 620 015 Tamilnadu India
| | - Renjith S. Pillai
- Department of Chemistry Christ University Bengaluru 560029 Karnataka India
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19
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Revealing the photoelectric performance and multistep electron transfer mechanism in D-A-π-A dyes coupled with a chlorophyll derivative for co-sensitized solar cells. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2022.120797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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20
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Mahadik S, Pathan HM, Salunke-Gawali S, Butcher RJ. Titania Nanorods Embedded with 2-Bromo-3-(methylamino)naphthalene-1,4-dione for Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:35595-35609. [PMID: 36249400 PMCID: PMC9557916 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c03208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
In a recent study, TiO2 nanorod electrodes were prepared by the hydrothermal approach followed by calcination at various temperatures from 300 to 600 °C. The effects of calcination temperature on the morphological and structural properties were investigated. The novel analogue of aminonaphthoquinone(2R-(n-alkylamino)-1,4-naphthoquinone) photosensitizer, viz. BrA1, 2-bromo-3-(methylamino)naphthalene-1,4-dione was synthesized from 2,3-dibromonaphthalene-1,4-dione. X-ray crystallographic data collection and refinement confirm that BrA1 crystallizes in the triclinic space group P 1̅. After loading BrA1, the photosensitizer on the annealed TiO2 nanorod (TiO2NR) electrodes, the optical properties of the photoanodes showed broadbands in each of the UV and visible regions, which are attributed to the π →π* and n → π* charge-transfer transitions, respectively. The dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC) system was formed by loading the BrA1 photosensitizer on TiO2NR. The electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) analyses confirm that calcination temperature improves the charge transportation by lowering the resistance path during the photovoltaic process in TiO2NR (400 °C) photoanode-based DSSCs due to the sufficient photosensitizer adsorption and fast electron injection. Due to the effective light harvesting by the BrA1 photosensitizer and charge transport through the TiO2 nanorod, the power conversion efficiencies (PCE) of the TiO2NR (400 °C/BrA1-based) DSSCs were improved for 2-bromo-3-(methylamino)naphthalene-1,4-dione.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharad
A. Mahadik
- Department
of Chemistry, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune 411007, India
- Advanced
Physics Laboratory, Department of Physics, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune 411007, India
| | - Habib M. Pathan
- Advanced
Physics Laboratory, Department of Physics, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune 411007, India
| | | | - Ray J. Butcher
- Department
of Chemistry, Howard University, Washington, District of
Columbia 20059, United
States
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21
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Higashino T, Iizumi R, Imahori H. Rational Synthesis of Benzoheterole-fused Porphyrins and π-System Switching by Central Metal Ion. CHEM LETT 2022. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.220277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tomohiro Higashino
- Department of Molecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Rikiya Iizumi
- Department of Molecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Imahori
- Department of Molecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (WPI-iCeMS), Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
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Wang X, Wang Y, Zou J, Luo J, Li C, Xie Y. Efficient Solar Cells Sensitized by Organic Concerted Companion Dyes Suitable for Indoor Lamps. CHEMSUSCHEM 2022; 15:e202201116. [PMID: 35702052 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202201116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In this work, organic concerted companion (CC) dyes CCOD-1 and CCOD-2 were constructed by covalently linking two organic dye units with complementary absorption spectra. Both CC dyes exhibited intense absorption from 300 to 650 nm with the band edges extended to 700 nm. These CC dyes were used to fabricate dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs), and the photovoltaic performance was investigated using different light sources. CCOD-2 possessed bulkier outer shelter than CCOD-1 owing to the longer carbon chains (C12 ) at the donor moiety, and thus it had stronger anti-aggregation and anti-charge-recombination ability. Under simulated sunlight (AM1.5G), CCOD-2 exhibited enhanced photovoltaic behavior with an open-circuit voltage (VOC ) of 759 mV, short-circuit current density (JSC ) of 19.23 mA ⋅ cm-2 , and power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 10.4 %, respectively. Notably, under the illumination of the indoor T5 fluorescent lamp (2500 lux), CCOD-2 afforded an enhanced PCE of 28.0 % with remarkable VOC and JSC of 692 mV and 0.424 mA cm-2 , respectively. Notably, the PCE achieved for CCOD-2 outperformed those of the reference sensitizer N719 and our previously reported CC dyes XW61 and XW70-C8 under the same indoor lamp conditions. In summary, the novel organic CC dyes developed in this work were demonstrated to be promising for fabricating DSSCs to efficiently harvest the energy of indoor lamps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueyan Wang
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Institute of Fine Chemicals, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Yuqing Wang
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Institute of Fine Chemicals, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Jiazhi Zou
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Institute of Fine Chemicals, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Jiaxin Luo
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Institute of Fine Chemicals, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Chengjie Li
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Institute of Fine Chemicals, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Yongshu Xie
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Institute of Fine Chemicals, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
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Muth M, Wolfram A, Kataev E, Köbl J, Steinrück HP, Lytken O. Accurate Determination of Adsorption-Energy Differences of Metalloporphyrins on Rutile TiO 2(110) 1 × 1. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2022; 38:8643-8650. [PMID: 35793163 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.2c01054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the adsorption of organic molecules on surfaces is of essential importance for many applications. Adsorption energies are typically measured using temperature-programmed desorption. However, for large organic molecules, often only desorption of the multilayers is possible, while the bottom monolayer in direct contact to the surface cannot be desorbed without decomposition. Nevertheless, the adsorption energies of these directly adsorbed molecules are the ones of the most interest. We use a layer-exchange process investigated with X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy to compare the relative adsorption energies of several metalated tetraphenylporphyrins on rutile TiO2(110) 1 × 1. We deposit a mixture of two different molecules, one on top of the other, and slowly anneal above their multilayer desorption temperature. During the slow heating, the molecules begin to diffuse between the layers and the molecules with the stronger interaction with the surface displace the weaker-interacting molecules from the surface and push them into the multilayer. The multilayers eventually desorb, leaving behind a monolayer of strongly interacting molecules. From the ratio of the two different porphyrin molecules in the residual monolayer and the desorbed multilayer, we can calculate the equilibrium constant of the layer-exchange process and thereby the difference in adsorption energy between the two different porphyrin molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian Muth
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie II, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstr. 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Alexander Wolfram
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie II, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstr. 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Elmar Kataev
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie II, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstr. 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Julia Köbl
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie II, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstr. 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Hans-Peter Steinrück
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie II, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstr. 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Ole Lytken
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie II, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstr. 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
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Zou J, Wang Y, Baryshnikov G, Luo J, Wang X, Ågren H, Li C, Xie Y. Efficient Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells Based on a New Class of Doubly Concerted Companion Dyes. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:33274-33284. [PMID: 35834394 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c07950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
To develop efficient dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs), concerted companion (CC) dyes XW60-XW63 constructed from the covalent linkage of a strapped porphyrin dye unit and an organic dye unit have been reported to exhibit panchromatic absorption and excellent photovoltaic performance. However, these CC dyes only afforded moderate VOC values of ca. 763 mV, demonstrating relatively weak antiaggregation ability, which remains an obstacle for further enhancing the photovoltaic behavior. To address this problem, we herein develop porphyrin dyes XW77-XW80 with the macrocycles wrapped with alkoxy chains of various lengths (OC6H13-OC22H45) and the corresponding CC dyes XW81-XW84 containing these porphyrin dye units. Interestingly, the new CC dyes XW81-XW83 exhibit increasing VOC from 745 to 784 mV with the chain lengths extended from C6 to C18, and a lowered VOC of 762 mV was obtained for XW84 when the chain length was further extended to C22. As a result, XW83 afforded the highest PCE of 12.2%, which is, to the best of our knowledge, the record efficiency for the iodine electrolyte-based solar cells sensitized with a single dye. These results can be rationalized by the so-called doubly concerted companion (DCC) effects, that is, the two subdye units exhibit not only complementary absorption but also concerted antiaggregation with the long wrapping chains on the porphyrins unit simultaneously protecting the porphyrin macrocycle and the neighboring organic subdye unit, thus affording panchromatic absorption and strong antiaggregation and anticharge-recombination ability. These results provide a new approach for constructing a class of DCC dyes to achieve high-performance DSSCs without using any antiaggregating coadsorbent or absorption-enhancing cosensitizer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiazhi Zou
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Institute of Fine Chemicals, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China
| | - Yuqing Wang
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Institute of Fine Chemicals, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China
| | - Glib Baryshnikov
- Department of Science and Technology, Laboratory of Organic Electronics, Linköping University, Norrköping 60174, Sweden
| | - Jiaxin Luo
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Institute of Fine Chemicals, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China
| | - Xueyan Wang
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Institute of Fine Chemicals, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China
| | - Hans Ågren
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Uppsala 751 20, Sweden
| | - Chengjie Li
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Institute of Fine Chemicals, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China
| | - Yongshu Xie
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Institute of Fine Chemicals, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China
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A Theoretical Evaluation of the Efficiencies of Metal-Free 1,3,4-Oxadiazole Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells: Insights from Electron–Hole Separation Distance Analysis. ENERGIES 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/en15134913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Herein, some novel metal-free 1,3,4-oxadiazole compounds O1–O7 were evaluated for their photovoltaic properties using density functional theory (DFT) and time-dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT) calculations to determine if they can serve as metal-free organic dyes in the use of dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). To understand the trends in the relative efficiencies of the investigated compounds as dyes in DSSCs, their electron contributions, hole contributions, and electron–hole overlaps for each respective atom and fragment within the molecule were analyzed with a particular focus on the electron densities on the anchoring segments. As transition density matrices (TDM) provide details about the departure of each electron from its corresponding hole during excitations, which results in charge transfer (CT), the charge separation distance (Δr) between the electron and its corresponding hole was studied, in addition to the degree of electron–hole overlap (Λ). The latter, single-point excitation energy of each electron, the percentage electron contribution to the anchoring segments of each compound, the incident-photon-conversion-efficiency (IPCE), charge recombination, light harvesting efficiency (LHE), electron injection (Φinj), and charge collection efficiency (ncollect) were then compared to Δr to determine whether the expected relationships hold. Moreover, parameters such as diffusion constant (Dπ) and electron lifetime (t), amongst others, were also used to describe electron excitation processes. Since IPCE is the key parameter in determining the efficiency, O3 was found to be the best dye due to its highest value.
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26
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Rational design of ZL003-based organic dyes for highly efficient dye-sensitized solar cells: Influence of alkynyl group and π-spacers on photovoltaic performance. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.133728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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27
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A synergistic effect of NaYF4:Yb,Er@NaGdF4:Nd@SiO2 upconversion nanoparticles and TiO2 hollow spheres to enhance photovoltaic performance of dye-sensitized solar cells. Electrochim Acta 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2022.140435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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28
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Novel D-A-π-A1 Type Organic Sensitizers from 4,7-Dibromobenzo[d][1,2,3]thiadiazole and Indoline Donors for Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27134197. [PMID: 35807443 PMCID: PMC9267993 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27134197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Two novel D-A-π-A1 metal-free organic dyes of the KEA series containing benzo[d][1,2,3]thiadiazole (isoBT) internal acceptor, indoline donors fused with cyclopentane or cyclohexane rings (D), a thiophene as a π-spacer, and a cyanoacrylate as an anchor part were synthesized. Monoarylation of 4,7-dibromobenzo[d][1,2,3]thiadiazole by Suzuki-Miyamura cross-coupling reaction showed that in the case of indoline and carbazole donors, the reaction was non-selective, i.e., two monosubstituted derivatives were isolated in each case, whereas only one mono-isomer was formed with phenyl- and 2-thienylboronic acids. This was explained by the fact that heterocyclic indoline and carbazole fragments are much stronger donor groups compared to thiophene and benzene, as confirmed by cyclic voltammetry measurements and calculation of HOMO energies of indoline, carbazole, thiophene and benzene molecules. The structure of monoaryl(hetaryl) derivatives was strictly proven by NMR spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction. The optical and photovoltaic properties observed for the KEA dyes showed that these compounds are promising for the creation of solar cells. A comparison with symmetrical benzo[c][1,2,3]thiadiazole dyes WS-2 and MAX114 showed that the asymmetric nature of benzo[d][1,2,3]thiadiazole KEA dyes leads to a hypsochromic shift of the ICT band in comparison with the corresponding benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazole isomers. KEA dyes have a narrow HOMO-LUMO gap of 1.5–1.6 eV. Amongst these dyes, KEA321 recorded the best power efficiency (PCE), i.e., 5.17%, which is superior to the corresponding symmetrical benzo[c][1,2,3]thiadiazole dyes WS-2 and MAX114 (5.07 and 4.90%).
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29
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Cao G, Baryshnikov G, Chen C, Chen L, Zhao T, Fu S, Jiang Z, Liu X, Li Q, Xie Y, Li C. Porphyrindiene-Based Tandem Diels-Alder Reaction for Preparing Low-Symmetry π-Extended Porphyrins with Push-Pull Skeletons. J Org Chem 2022; 87:9001-9010. [PMID: 35748309 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c00699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Tandem Diels-Alder reactions of masked porphyrindienes (i.e., sulfolenoporphyrins) with benzoquinones and stilbenes, followed by aromatization, have been developed to load porphyrin with mixed annulation units (i.e., terphenyl and naphthoquinone), furnishing the low-symmetry π-extended porphyrins (DxAy) with push-pull skeletons. All low-symmetrical chromophores display panchromatic absorption spectra, which look like a spectral combination of symmetrical congeners (D4/A4) in a certain ratio. Among them, tD2A2 with trans-arrangement of push/pull units possesses the largest maximum centered at 766 nm with the onset around 900 nm. The fusion of the electron-deficient naphthoquinone moiety on the porphyrin core results in the approximately quantitative regulation of the Eox1 and HOMOs (i.e., 0.10-0.13 V increase for the Eox1 and 0.14-0.16 eV decrease for the HOMOs per naphthoquinone unit). In brief, this work provides a new way to construct low-symmetry π-extended porphyrins with tunable properties resorting to the ratios and locations of the annulated push-pull units.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanyue Cao
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, School of Chemistry & Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Glib Baryshnikov
- Laboratory of Organic Electronics, Department of Science and Technology, Linköping University, Norrköping SE-60174, Sweden
| | - Chen Chen
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, School of Chemistry & Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Liyuan Chen
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, School of Chemistry & Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Tengjiao Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, School of Chemistry & Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Shuyi Fu
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, School of Chemistry & Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Zhenhui Jiang
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, School of Chemistry & Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Xiujun Liu
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, School of Chemistry & Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Qizhao Li
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, School of Chemistry & Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Yongshu Xie
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, School of Chemistry & Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Chengjie Li
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, School of Chemistry & Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
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Lv X, Liu N, Xiao B, Morimoto H, Kuzuhara D, Aratani N, Yamada H, Qiu F, Xue S. Synthesis of Porphyrin(2.1.2.1) with Embedded Naphthalene. J PORPHYR PHTHALOCYA 2022. [DOI: 10.1142/s1088424622500390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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31
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Li C, Jia Q, Fan Y, Zhang W, Sun X, Cao J, Jin N, Liu J. Synthesis of zinc porphyrin with fluorophenyl group and applications in dye sensitized solar cells. J PORPHYR PHTHALOCYA 2022. [DOI: 10.1142/s1088424622500389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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32
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Bulbul AS, Chaudhri N, Shanu M, Acharyya JN, Vijaya Prakash G, Sankar M. Unsymmetrically β-Functionalized π-Extended Porphyrins: Synthesis, Spectral, Electrochemical Redox Properties, and Their Utilization as Efficient Two-Photon Absorbers. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:9968-9982. [PMID: 35729686 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c00787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Two new series of unsymmetrically β-functionalized porphyrins, MTPP(NO2)MA (1M), (MA = methyl acrylate) and MTPP(NO2)MB (2M) (MB = mono-benzo) (where M = 2H, Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II) and Zn(II)), were synthesized and characterized by various spectroscopic techniques. The saddle shape conformation of ZnTPP(NO2)MAPy and ZnTPP(NO2)MB was confirmed by single-crystal X-ray analysis. Density functional theory (DFT) calculation revealed that NiTPP(NO2)MB has a severe nonplanar geometry possessing a high magnitude of ΔCβ = ±0.727 Å and Δ24 = ±0.422 Å values among all other porphyrins. Synthesized β-substituted porphyrins exhibited red-shifted B- and Q-bands corresponding to their parent molecule due to the electron-withdrawing peripheral substituents. Notable redshift (Δλmax = 50-60 nm) in electronic spectral features and with weak-intensity emission spectral features were observed for the free-base porphyrins and Zn(II) complexes compared to H2TPP and ZnTPP, respectively. The first-ring reduction potential of MTPP(NO2)MA (1M) exhibited 0.21-0.5 V anodic shift, whereas 0.18-0.23 V anodic shift was observed in the first-ring oxidation potential compared to the corresponding MTPPs due to the presence of electron-withdrawing β-substituents at the periphery of the macrocycle. Interestingly, NiTPP(NO2)MA (1Ni) has shown an additional NiII/NiIII oxidation potential observed at 2.05 V along with two ring-centered oxidations. The first-ring reduction and oxidation potentials of MTPP(NO2)MB (2M) have shown 0.39-0.46 and 0.19-0.27 V anodic shifts with respect to their corresponding MTPPs. The nonlinear optical (NLO) properties of all of the porphyrins were investigated, and the extracted nonlinear optical parameters revealed intense reverse-saturable absorption (RSA) behavior and the self-focusing behavior with positive nonlinear refractive index in the range of (0.19-1.75) × 10-17 m2/W. Zn(II) complexes exhibited the highest two-photon absorption coefficient (β) and cross section (σTPA) of ∼95 × 10-12 m/W and 19.66 × 104 GM, respectively, among all of the metal complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Sohel Bulbul
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee 247667, India
| | - Nivedita Chaudhri
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee 247667, India
| | - Mohd Shanu
- Nanophotonics Lab, Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Jitendra Nath Acharyya
- Nanophotonics Lab, Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - G Vijaya Prakash
- Nanophotonics Lab, Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Muniappan Sankar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee 247667, India
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33
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Experimental and theoretical study of organic sensitizers for solid-state dye-sensitized solar cells (s-DSSCs). J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2022.113890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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34
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Kamalesu S, Anish Babu A, Shankar T, Swarnalatha K. A new Ruthenium(II) sensitizer with anchored hydrazide ligand for enhanced electron injection in dye sensitized solar cell application. INORG CHEM COMMUN 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.inoche.2022.109382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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35
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Hashimoto Y, Suzuki H, Kondo T, Abe R, Tamiaki H. Visible-light-induced hydrogen evolution from water on hybrid photocatalysts consisting of synthetic chlorophyll-a derivatives with a carboxy group in the 20-substituent adsorbed on semiconductors. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2021.113750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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36
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Guo Q, Higashino T, Kato K, Yamakata A, Imahori H. Donor-π-Acceptor Type Porphyrin-Fullerene Dyad with Acetylene Bridge for p-Type Dye-sensitized Solar Cell. CHEM LETT 2022. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.210717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qi Guo
- Department of Molecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Higashino
- Department of Molecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Kosaku Kato
- Photochemical Reaction Laboratory, Graduate School of Engineering, Toyota Technological Institute, Nagoya, Aichi 468-8511, Japan
| | - Akira Yamakata
- Photochemical Reaction Laboratory, Graduate School of Engineering, Toyota Technological Institute, Nagoya, Aichi 468-8511, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Imahori
- Department of Molecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (WPI-iCeMS), Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
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37
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Wu Y, Liu JC, Li RZ, Ci CG. Different metal upper porphyrin based self-assembly sensitizers for application in efficient dye-sensitized solar cells. Polyhedron 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2021.115573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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38
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Yang C, Song P, El-Shishtawy RM, Ma F, Li Y. Photovoltaic performance and power conversion efficiency prediction of double fence porphyrins. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:27042-27058. [PMID: 34847208 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp03593b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
To explore high efficiency dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs), two experimentally derived (single fence and double fence porphyrins) and two theoretically designed zinc porphyrin molecules with D-D-π-A-A configurations were studied. Density functional theory and time-dependent density functional theory were employed to simulate these two experimental dyes and dye@TiO2 systems to understand why the double fence porphyrin molecule exhibits better photovoltaic performance than the single fence porphyrin molecule. For the short-circuit current (JSC), the various parameters that affected the experimental magnitude of JSC were analyzed from different aspects of absorption, charge transfer and chemical parameters as well as an electron injection process. The almost equal open-circuit voltages (VOC) in the experiment were predicted by theoretical VOC calculations. Our model predicted power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of 1.993% and 10.866% for the single and double fence molecules, respectively, which are in accordance with the experimental values of 3.48% and 10.69%, respectively. In addition, one designed two new molecules based on the double fence porphyrin molecule with a 2-methyl-2H-benzo[d][1,2,3]triazole (BTA) unit bearing one fluorine and two fluorine atoms as the guest acceptor, respectively. Compared to the original molecules, the engineered molecules significantly improved the photovoltaic parameters, JSC and VOC, thereby causing excellent PCEs. The most outstanding designed molecule reached a PCE of 12.155%, and is considered a candidate dye for high-efficiency DSSC. This study provides insights into the photoelectric properties of single and double fence porphyrins. It also demonstrated that the strong electron-withdrawing ability of fluorine atoms would enhance the photovoltaic performance and provide a guideline for the further design of double fence porphyrins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Canpu Yang
- College of Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, Heilongjiang, China.
| | - Peng Song
- Department of Physics, Liaoning University, Shenyang 110036, Liaoning, China.
| | - Reda M El-Shishtawy
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Fengcai Ma
- Department of Physics, Liaoning University, Shenyang 110036, Liaoning, China.
| | - Yuanzuo Li
- College of Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, Heilongjiang, China.
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Prakash K, Osterloh WR, Rathi P, Kadish KM, Sankar M. Facile synthesis of antipodal β-arylaminodibromoporphyrins through Buchwald-Hartwig C-N coupling reaction and exploring their spectral and electrochemical redox properties. J Organomet Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2021.122114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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40
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Muñoz-García AB, Benesperi I, Boschloo G, Concepcion JJ, Delcamp JH, Gibson EA, Meyer GJ, Pavone M, Pettersson H, Hagfeldt A, Freitag M. Dye-sensitized solar cells strike back. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 50:12450-12550. [PMID: 34590638 PMCID: PMC8591630 DOI: 10.1039/d0cs01336f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Dye-sensitized solar cells (DSCs) are celebrating their 30th birthday and they are attracting a wealth of research efforts aimed at unleashing their full potential. In recent years, DSCs and dye-sensitized photoelectrochemical cells (DSPECs) have experienced a renaissance as the best technology for several niche applications that take advantage of DSCs' unique combination of properties: at low cost, they are composed of non-toxic materials, are colorful, transparent, and very efficient in low light conditions. This review summarizes the advancements in the field over the last decade, encompassing all aspects of the DSC technology: theoretical studies, characterization techniques, materials, applications as solar cells and as drivers for the synthesis of solar fuels, and commercialization efforts from various companies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Belén Muñoz-García
- Department of Physics "Ettore Pancini", University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Iacopo Benesperi
- School of Natural and Environmental Science, Newcastle University, Bedson Building, NE1 7RU Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.
| | - Gerrit Boschloo
- Department of Chemistry, Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, P.O. Box 523, 751 20 Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Javier J Concepcion
- Chemistry Division, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA
| | - Jared H Delcamp
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Gibson
- School of Natural and Environmental Science, Newcastle University, Bedson Building, NE1 7RU Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.
| | - Gerald J Meyer
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
| | - Michele Pavone
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | | | - Anders Hagfeldt
- Department of Chemistry, Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, P.O. Box 523, 751 20 Uppsala, Sweden.
- University Management and Management Council, Vice Chancellor, Uppsala University, Segerstedthuset, 752 37 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Marina Freitag
- School of Natural and Environmental Science, Newcastle University, Bedson Building, NE1 7RU Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.
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Chen Y, Tang Y, Zou J, Zeng K, Baryshnikov G, Li C, Xie Y. Fluorenyl Indoline as an Efficient Electron Donor for Concerted Companion Dyes: Enhanced Light-Harvesting and Photocurrent. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:49828-49839. [PMID: 34641667 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c12448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Concerted companion dyes (CC dyes) like XW61 have been demonstrated to be an effective platform for developing efficient DSSCs. However, the moderated phenothiazine-based electron donor in XW61 results in unsatisfactory Jsc. To address this problem, a stronger fluorenyl indoline-based electron donor has been used to construct porphyrin dye XW68 and organic dyes Y1-Y2. The stronger electron-donating character of the fluorenyl indoline unit leads to an enhanced Jsc value (20.48 mA·cm-2) for the individual dye XW68. On this basis, CC dyes XW69-XW70-C8 have been designed and synthesized by combining the frameworks of Y1 and Y2 with XW68. The complementary absorption characters of the porphyrin and the organic dye moieties lead to panchromatic absorption with a strong light-harvesting capability from 350 to 700 nm and the onset wavelength extended to ca. 840 nm in the IPCE curves. As a result, excellent Jsc values have been achieved (>22 mA·cm-2). In addition to the advantages of high Jsc, bulky octyl groups have been introduced into the donor of XW70-C8 to reduce dye aggregation and suppress charge recombination. Finally, a highest PCE of 11.1% with a satisfactory Jsc (22.25 mA·cm-2) and an enhanced Voc (750 mV) has been achieved upon coadsorption of XW70-C8 with CDCA. In addition, the CC dye XW70-C8-based solar cells exhibit excellent long-term photostability. These results provide an effective method for rationally improving the photovoltaic behavior, especially the Jsc of CC dyes, by introducing strong electron donor moieties with suitable substituents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Chen
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China
| | - Yunyu Tang
- East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Jungong 300, Shanghai 200090, P. R. China
| | - Jiazhi Zou
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China
| | - Kaiwen Zeng
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China
| | - Glib Baryshnikov
- Department of Science and Technology, Laboratory of Organic Electronics, Linköping University, Norrköping SE-60174, Sweden
| | - Chengjie Li
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China
| | - Yongshu Xie
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China
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42
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Li Y, Wang G, Feng X, Jia Q, Li Y, Liu J, Cao J, Liu J. Double-layer novel zinc porphyrin based on axial coordination self-assembly for dye-sensitized solar cells. J Mol Struct 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2021.130819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Nishimura I, Higashino T, Imahori H. Synthesis of thiophene-fused porphyrin dimers as effective π-extended helical chromophores. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:9606-9609. [PMID: 34546258 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc04215g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We synthesized thiophene-fused porphyrin dimers as effective π-extended helical chromophores. The porphyrin dimers exhibit a red-shifted absorption with the edge extending up to 1100 nm, implying strong electronic communication over the two porphyrin moieties through the thiophene-fused structure. Importantly, their racemic inversion barriers can be modulated by the central metal ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Issei Nishimura
- Department of Molecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan.
| | - Tomohiro Higashino
- Department of Molecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan.
| | - Hiroshi Imahori
- Department of Molecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan. .,Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (WPI-iCeMS), Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
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Wang Y, Zhou J, Ma X, Li X, Lang X. Cooperative Photocatalysis with 4-Amino-TEMPO for Selective Aerobic Oxidation of Amines over TiO 2 Nanotubes. Chem Asian J 2021; 16:2659-2668. [PMID: 34302305 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202100682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Attaching π-conjugated molecules onto TiO2 can form surface complexes that could capture visible light. However, to make these TiO2 surface complexes durable, integrating 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl (TEMPO) or its analogues as a redox mediator with photocatalysis is the key to constructing selective chemical transformations. Herein, sodium 6,7-dihydroxynaphthalene-2-sulfonate (DHNS) was obtained by extending the π-conjugated system of catechol by adding a benzene ring and a substituent sodium sulfonate (-SO3 - Na+ ). The DHNS-TiO2 showed the best photocatalytic activity towards the blue light-induced selective aerobic oxidation of benzylamine. Compared to TEMPO, 4-amino-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl (4-amino-TEMPO) could rise above 70% in conversion of benzylamine over the DHNS-TiO2 photocatalyst. Eventually, a wide range of amines could be selectively oxidized into imines with atmospheric O2 by cooperative photocatalysis of DHNS-TiO2 with 4-amino-TEMPO. Notably, superoxide (O2 •- ) is crucial in coupling the photocatalytic cycle of DHNS-TiO2 and the redox cycle of 4-amino-TEMPO. This work underscores the design of surface ligands for semiconductors and the selection of a redox mediator in visible light photocatalysis for selective chemical transformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuexin Wang
- Sauvage Center for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Jun Zhou
- Sauvage Center for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Xiaoming Ma
- Sauvage Center for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Xia Li
- Sauvage Center for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Xianjun Lang
- Sauvage Center for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
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Prakash O, Saxena V, Bedi R, Debnath A, Mahajan A. Solution processable transition metal oxide ultra-thin films as alternative electron transport and hole blocking layers in dye sensitized solar cells. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2021.113385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Mitsui M, Nakagome Y, Niihori Y, Inoue S, Fujiwara Y, Kobayashi K. Starburst-Shaped D-π-A Chromophores Possessing a Hexaethynylbenzene Core for Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:35739-35749. [PMID: 34291896 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c08431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Two starburst-shaped organic chromophores, incorporating a hexaethynylbenzene core modified by five donor branches (D-branches) of (p-dioctylaminostyryl)benzene and one acceptor/anchoring branch (A-branch) of either carboxylic acid-terminated phenylethynylbenzene (SB-07) or cyanoacrylic acid-terminated diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP)-thiophene (SB-08), were synthesized and applied to dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). In these chromophores, the common donor moiety, five (p-dioctylaminostyryl)phenyl groups, exhibits excellent optical absorption in the visible region (molar absorption coefficient ε > 105 M-1 cm-1 below 500 nm). The A-branch of SB-07 does not possess strong electron-accepting properties; however, the A-branch of SB-08, the DPP-thiophene moiety, serves as a strong electron acceptor site. Furthermore, the intramolecular charge-transfer (ICT) transition between the thiophene and DPP moieties extends the optical absorption range to the near-infrared region (∼800 nm). Optimized DSSC devices using SB-08 with coadsorption of chenodeoxycholic acid, in conjunction with iodide/triiodide-based electrolytes, exhibited incident photon-to-current conversion efficiency (IPCE) exceeding 70% in the 370-700 nm range and over 20% even at 800 nm, with a short-circuit photocurrent density (Jsc) of 19.3 mA cm-2 and a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 6.4% under AM 1.5G illumination (100 mW cm-2). These results are considerably better than those of SB-07 (Jsc = 7.0 mA cm-2, PCE = 3.3%). The starburst-shaped architecture presented here can be used as a novel structural motif for metal-free organic sensitizers because it enables flexible modification of the multiple D-branches that enhance light-harvesting ability and the A-branch that serves as an excited electron transport pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaaki Mitsui
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Rikkyo University, 3-34-1, Nishiikebukuro, Toshima-ku, Tokyo 171-8501, Japan
| | - Yushiro Nakagome
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Rikkyo University, 3-34-1, Nishiikebukuro, Toshima-ku, Tokyo 171-8501, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Niihori
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Rikkyo University, 3-34-1, Nishiikebukuro, Toshima-ku, Tokyo 171-8501, Japan
| | - Shota Inoue
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Shizuoka University, 836 Ohya, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8529, Japan
| | - Yutaka Fujiwara
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Shizuoka University, 836 Ohya, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8529, Japan
| | - Kenji Kobayashi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Shizuoka University, 836 Ohya, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8529, Japan
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Nguyen TD, Lan YP, Wu CG. The function of Chalcogenophene in the Cyclomatelated Ring of the Cycloruthenated Dyes applied in Dye-Sensitized Solar Cell. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:11328-11337. [PMID: 34278784 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c01293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Three thiocyanate-free cycloruthenated complexes, DUY24-O, DUY24, and DUY24-Se containing furan, thiophene, and selenophene, respectively, as a part of the cycloruthenated ring, were designed to reveal the function of the chalcogen atom on the physicochemical and photovoltaic performance of the cycloruthenated sensitizers applied in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSCs). The three sensitizers have a similar molecular size; therefore, the effect of molecular dimensions on their photovoltaic performance can be negligible. NMR data, electron-donating resonance effects, optical properties, and the energy levels of the frontier orbitals reveal that the physical/photovoltaic properties of the three sensitizers were affected significantly by the chalcogen atom on the cyclometalated chalcogenophene ring. The λmax (both in ethanol and adsorbed on TiO2), frontier orbital level, and dye loading of thiophene- and selenophene-containing dyes are very close. Nevertheless, DUY24-Se has a higher molar absorption coefficient compared to DUY24; therefore, the DSC based on DUY24-Se has higher efficiency (8.4% under AM1.5 G one-sun and 26% under T5-light at ca. 6000 lux) than that sensitized with the DUY24 dye. These efficiencies are also higher than those (7.9 and 21.6%, respectively) of the cell dyed with N719, fabricated using the same conditions. The better performance of the device sensitized with DUY24-Se compared to DUY24-based cells suggests that selenophene is as good as (or even better than) thiophene to be a part of the cyclometalated ring for thiocyanate-free cycloruthenated sensitizers applied in DSCs. Furan-containing DUY24-O has much worse photovoltaic performance compared to the other two dyes. This is not only because DUY24-O has the shortest λmax, the lowest molar absorption coefficient, and the highest HOMO level but also the lowest dye loading (because of the strong interaction between the oxygen in furan and TiO2, the array of DUY24-O occupies more surface when adsorbed on TiO2) and the fastest charge recombination. The physicochemical and photovoltaic properties as well as the adsorption behavior of the dye on the TiO2 anode for the cycloruthenated sensitizers affected significantly by the chalcogen atom of the chalcogenophene on the cyclometalated ring provide a new strategy to design high-efficiency NCS-free cyclometalated sensitizers for DSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- The-Duy Nguyen
- Research Center for New Generation Light Driven Photovoltaic Modules and Department of Chemistry, National Central University, Jhong-Li, 32001 Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Yen-Po Lan
- Research Center for New Generation Light Driven Photovoltaic Modules and Department of Chemistry, National Central University, Jhong-Li, 32001 Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Chun-Guey Wu
- Research Center for New Generation Light Driven Photovoltaic Modules and Department of Chemistry, National Central University, Jhong-Li, 32001 Taiwan, Republic of China
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Rout Y, Montanari C, Pasciucco E, Misra R, Carlotti B. Tuning the Fluorescence and the Intramolecular Charge Transfer of Phenothiazine Dipolar and Quadrupolar Derivatives by Oxygen Functionalization. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:9933-9943. [PMID: 34161725 PMCID: PMC8297855 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c04173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
A series of new naphthalimide and phenothiazine-based push-pull systems (NPI-PTZ1-5), in which we structurally modulate the oxidation state of the sulfur atom in the thiazine ring, i.e., S(II), S(IV), and S(VI), was designed and synthesized by the Pd-catalyzed Sonogashira cross-coupling reaction. The effect of the sulfur oxidation state on the spectral, photophysical, and electrochemical properties was investigated. The steady-state absorption and emission results show that oxygen functionalization greatly improves the optical (absorption coefficient and fluorescence efficiency) and nonlinear optical (hyperpolarizability) features. The cyclic voltammetry experiments and the quantum mechanical calculations suggest that phenothiazine is a stronger electron donor unit relative to phenothiazine-5-oxide and phenothiazine-5,5-dioxide, while the naphthalimide is a strong electron acceptor in all cases. The advanced ultrafast spectroscopic measurements, transient absorption, and broadband fluorescence up conversion give insight into the mechanism of photoinduced intramolecular charge transfer. A planar intramolecular charge transfer (PICT) and highly fluorescent excited state are populated for the oxygen-functionalized molecules NPI-PTZ2,3 and NPI-PTZ5; on the other hand, a twisted intramolecular charge transfer (TICT) state is produced upon photoexcitation of the oxygen-free derivatives NPI-PTZ1 and NPI-PTZ4, with the fluorescence being thus significantly quenched. These results prove oxygen functionalization as a new effective synthetic strategy to tailor the photophysics of phenothiazine-based organic materials for different optoelectronic applications. While oxygen-functionalized compounds are highly fluorescent and promising active materials for current-to-light conversion in organic light-emitting diode devices, oxygen-free systems show very efficient photoinduced ICT and may be employed for light-to-current conversion in organic photovoltaics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yogajivan Rout
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Indore 453552, India
| | - Chiara Montanari
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, via elce di sotto 8, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Erika Pasciucco
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, via elce di sotto 8, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Rajneesh Misra
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Indore 453552, India
| | - Benedetta Carlotti
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, via elce di sotto 8, 06123 Perugia, Italy
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Cha HL, Seok S, Kim HJ, Thogiti S, Goud BS, Shin G, Eun LJ, Koyyada G, Kim JH. Towards achieving improved efficiency using newly designed dye-sensitized solar cell devices engineered with dye-anchored counter electrodes. J IND ENG CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2021.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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50
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Yan M, Wang QH, Zhu YZ, Han ML, Yan YQ, Zheng JY. Effect of triptycene unit on the performance of porphyrin-based dye-sensitized solar cells. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2021.113325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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