1
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Pereiro FA, Galley SS, Jackson JA, Shafer JC. Contemporary Assessment of Energy Degeneracy in Orbital Mixing with Tetravalent f-Block Compounds. Inorg Chem 2024; 63:9687-9700. [PMID: 38743642 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c03828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
The f block is a comparatively understudied group of elements that find applications in many areas. Continued development of technologies involving the lanthanides (Ln) and actinides (An) requires a better fundamental understanding of their chemistry. Specifically, characterizing the electronic structure of the f elements presents a significant challenge due to the spatially core-like but energetically valence-like nature of the f orbitals. This duality led f-block scientists to hypothesize for decades that f-block chemistry is dominated by ionic metal-ligand interactions with little covalency because canonical covalent interactions require both spatial orbital overlap and orbital energy degeneracy. Recent studies on An compounds have suggested that An ions can engage in appreciable orbital mixing between An 5f and ligand orbitals, which was attributed to "energy-degeneracy-driven covalency". This model of bonding has since been a topic of debate because different computational methods have yielded results that support and refute the energy-degeneracy-driven covalency model. In this Viewpoint, literatures concerning the metal- and ligand-edge X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) of five tetravalent f-block systems─MO2 (M = Ln, An), LnF4, MCl62-, and [Ln(NP(pip)3)4]─are compiled and discussed to explore metal-ligand bonding in f-block compounds through experimental metrics. Based on spectral assignments from a variety of theoretical models, covalency is seen to decrease from CeO2 and PrO2 to TbO2 through weaker ligand-to-metal charge-transfer (LMCT) interactions, while these LMCT interactions are not observed in the trivalent Ln sesquixodes until Yb. In comparison, while XANES characterization of AnO2 compounds is scarce, computational modeling of available X-ray absorption spectra suggests that covalency among AnO2 reaches a maximum between Am and Cm. Moreover, a decrease in covalency is observed upon changing ligands while maintaining an isostructural coordination environment from CeO2 to CeF4. These results could allude to the importance of orbital energy degeneracy in f-block bonding, but there are a variety of data gaps and conflicting results from different modeling techniques that need to be addressed before broad conclusions can be drawn.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe A Pereiro
- Department of Chemistry and Geochemistry, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Shane S Galley
- Department of Chemistry and Geochemistry, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Jessica A Jackson
- Department of Chemistry and Geochemistry, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Jenifer C Shafer
- Department of Chemistry and Geochemistry, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
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2
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Uruburo C, Y P Rupasinghe DMR, Gupta H, Knieser RM, Lopez LM, Furigay MH, Higgins RF, Pandey P, Baxter MR, Carroll PJ, Zeller M, Bart SC, Schelter EJ. Metal-Ligand Redox Cooperativity in Cerium Amine-/Amido-Phenolate-Type Complexes. Inorg Chem 2024; 63:9418-9426. [PMID: 38097382 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c02411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2024]
Abstract
The synthesis and characterization of two cerium complexes of redox-active amine/amido-phenolate-type ligands are reported. A tripodal framework comprising the tris(2-(3',5'-di-tert-butyl-2'-hydroxyphenyl)amino-phenyl) amine (H6Clamp) proligand was synthesized for comparison of its cerium complex with a potassium-cerium heterobimetallic complex of the 4,6-di-tert-butyl-2-[(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)imino]quinone (dippap) proligand. Structural studies indicate differences in the cerium(III) cation coordination spheres, where CeIII(CH3CN)1.5(H3Clamp) (1-Ce(H3Clamp)) exhibits shorter Ce-O distances and longer Ce-N bond distances compared to the analogous distances in K3(THF)3CeIII(dippap)3 (2-Ce(ap)), due to the gross structural differences between the systems. Differences are also evident in the temperature-dependent magnetic properties, where smaller χT products were observed for 2-Ce(ap) compared to 1-Ce(H3Clamp). Solution electrochemical studies for the complexes were interpreted based on ligand- and metal-based oxidation events, and the cerium(III) oxidation of 2-Ce(ap) was observed to be more facile than that of 1-Ce(H3Clamp), behavior that was cautiously attributed to the rigidity of the encrypted 1-Ce(H3Clamp) complex compared to the heterobimetallic framework of 2-Ce(ap). These results contribute to the understanding of how ligand designs can promote facile redox cycling for cerium complexes of redox-active ligands, given the large contraction of cerium-ligand bonds upon oxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Uruburo
- P. Roy and Diana T. Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 S. 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - D M Ramitha Y P Rupasinghe
- H. C. Brown Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Himanshu Gupta
- P. Roy and Diana T. Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 S. 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Rachael M Knieser
- H. C. Brown Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Lauren M Lopez
- H. C. Brown Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Maxwell H Furigay
- P. Roy and Diana T. Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 S. 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Robert F Higgins
- P. Roy and Diana T. Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 S. 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Pragati Pandey
- P. Roy and Diana T. Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 S. 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Makayla R Baxter
- H. C. Brown Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Patrick J Carroll
- P. Roy and Diana T. Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 S. 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Matthias Zeller
- H. C. Brown Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Suzanne C Bart
- H. C. Brown Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Eric J Schelter
- P. Roy and Diana T. Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 S. 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
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3
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Goodwin CAP, Corbey JF. Ligand-Metal Complementarity in Rare-Earth and Actinide Chemistry. Inorg Chem 2024; 63:9355-9362. [PMID: 38798242 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.4c01504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Conrad A P Goodwin
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Radiochemistry Research, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K
| | - Jordan F Corbey
- Nuclear Material Processing Group, National Security Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, United States
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4
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Tricoire M, Hsueh FC, Keener M, Rajeshkumar T, Scopelliti R, Zivkovic I, Maron L, Mazzanti M. Siloxide tripodal ligands as a scaffold for stabilizing lanthanides in the +4 oxidation state. Chem Sci 2024; 15:6874-6883. [PMID: 38725506 PMCID: PMC11077534 DOI: 10.1039/d4sc00051j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Synthetic strategies to isolate molecular complexes of lanthanides, other than cerium, in the +4 oxidation state remain elusive, with only four complexes of Tb(iv) isolated so far. Herein, we present a new approach for the stabilization of Tb(iv) using a siloxide tripodal trianionic ligand, which allows the control of unwanted ligand rearrangements, while tuning the Ln(iii)/Ln(iv) redox-couple. The Ln(iii) complexes, [LnIII((OSiPh2Ar)3-arene)(THF)3] (1-LnPh) and [K(toluene){LnIII((OSiPh2Ar)3-arene)(OSiPh3)}] (2-LnPh) (Ln = Ce, Tb, Pr), of the (HOSiPh2Ar)3-arene ligand were prepared. The redox properties of these complexes were compared to those of the Ln(iii) analogue complexes, [LnIII((OSi(OtBu)2Ar)3-arene)(THF)] (1-LnOtBu) and [K(THF)6][LnIII((OSi(OtBu)2Ar)3-arene)(OSiPh3)] (2-LnOtBu) (Ln = Ce, Tb), of the less electron-donating siloxide trianionic ligand, (HOSi(OtBu)2Ar)3-arene. The cyclic voltammetry studies showed a cathodic shift in the oxidation potential for the cerium and terbium complexes of the more electron-donating phenyl substituted scaffold (1-LnPh) compared to those of the tert-butoxy (1-LnOtBu) ligand. Furthermore, the addition of the -OSiPh3 ligand further shifts the potential cathodically, making the Ln(iv) ion even more accessible. Notably, the Ce(iv) complexes, [CeIV((OSi(OtBu)2Ar)3-arene)(OSiPh3)] (3-CeOtBu) and [CeIV((OSiPh2Ar)3-arene)(OSiPh3)(THF)2] (3-CePh), were prepared by chemical oxidation of the Ce(iii) analogues. Chemical oxidation of the Tb(iii) and Pr(iii) complexes (2-LnPh) was also possible, in which the Tb(iv) complex, [TbIV((OSiPh2Ar)3-arene)(OSiPh3)(MeCN)2] (3-TbPh), was isolated and crystallographically characterized, yielding the first example of a Tb(iv) supported by a polydentate ligand. The versatility and robustness of these siloxide arene-anchored platforms will allow further development in the isolation of more oxidizing Ln(iv) ions, widening the breadth of high-valent Ln chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxime Tricoire
- Group of Coordiantion Chemistry, Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Fang-Che Hsueh
- Group of Coordiantion Chemistry, Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Megan Keener
- Group of Coordiantion Chemistry, Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Thayalan Rajeshkumar
- Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie des Nano-objets, Institut National des Sciences Appliquées Cedex 4 31077 Toulouse France
| | - Rosario Scopelliti
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Ivica Zivkovic
- Laboratory for Quantum Magnetism, Institute of Physics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) CH-1015 Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Laurent Maron
- Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie des Nano-objets, Institut National des Sciences Appliquées Cedex 4 31077 Toulouse France
| | - Marinella Mazzanti
- Group of Coordiantion Chemistry, Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
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5
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Ouellette ET, Brackbill IJ, Kynman AE, Christodoulou S, Maron L, Bergman RG, Arnold J. Triple Inverse Sandwich versus End-On Diazenido: Bonding Motifs across a Series of Rhenium-Lanthanide and -Actinide Complexes. Inorg Chem 2024; 63:7177-7188. [PMID: 38598523 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c04248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
While synthesizing a series of rhenium-lanthanide triple inverse sandwich complexes, we unexpectedly uncovered evidence for rare examples of end-on lanthanide dinitrogen coordination for certain heavy lanthanide elements as well as for uranium. We begin our report with the synthesis and characterization of a series of trirhenium triple inverse sandwich complexes with the early lanthanides, Ln[(μ-η5:η5-Cp)Re(BDI)]3(THF) (1-Ln, Ln = La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm; Cp = cyclopentadienide, BDI = N,N'-bis(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)-3,5-dimethyl-β-diketiminate). However, as we moved across the lanthanide series, we ran into an unexpected result for gadolinium in which we structurally characterized two products for gadolinium, namely, 1-Gd (analogous to 1-Ln) and a diazenido dirhenium double inverse sandwich complex Gd[(μ-η1:η1-N2)Re(η5-Cp)(BDI)][(μ-η5:η5-Cp)Re(BDI)]2(THF)2 (2-Gd). Evidence for analogues of 2-Gd was spectroscopically observed for other heavy lanthanides (2-Ln, Ln = Tb, Dy, Er), and, in the case of 2-Er, structurally authenticated. These complexes represent the first observed examples of heterobimetallic end-on lanthanide dinitrogen coordination. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations were utilized to probe relevant bonding interactions and reveal energetic differences between both the experimental and putative 1-Ln and 2-Ln complexes. We also present additional examples of novel end-on heterobimetallic lanthanide and actinide diazenido moieties in the erbium-rhenium complex (η8-COT)Er[(μ-η1:η1-N2)Re(η5-Cp)(BDI)](THF)(Et2O) (3-Er) and uranium-rhenium complex [Na(2.2.2-cryptand)][(η5-C5H4SiMe3)3U(μ-η1:η1-N2)Re(η5-Cp)(BDI)] (4-U). Finally, we expand the scope of rhenium inverse sandwich coordination by synthesizing divalent double inverse sandwich complex Yb[(μ-η5:η5-Cp)Re(BDI)]2(THF)2 (5-Yb), as well as base-free, homoleptic rhenium-rare earth triple inverse sandwich complex Y[(μ-η5:η5-Cp)Re(BDI)]3 (6-Y).
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik T Ouellette
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - I Joseph Brackbill
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Amy E Kynman
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Stella Christodoulou
- LPCNO, Université de Toulouse, INSA Toulouse, 135 Avenue de Rangueil, 31077 Toulouse, France
| | - Laurent Maron
- LPCNO, Université de Toulouse, INSA Toulouse, 135 Avenue de Rangueil, 31077 Toulouse, France
| | - Robert G Bergman
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - John Arnold
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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6
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Tateyama H, Boggiano AC, Liao C, Otte KS, Li X, La Pierre HS. Tetravalent Cerium Alkyl and Benzyl Complexes. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:10268-10273. [PMID: 38564671 PMCID: PMC11027143 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c01964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
High-valent cerium complexes of alkyl and benzyl ligands are unprecedented due to the incompatibility of the typically highly oxidizing Ce4+ ion and the reducing alkyl or benzyl ligand. Herein we report the synthesis and isolation of the first tetravalent cerium alkyl and benzyl complexes supported by the tri-tert-butyl imidophosphorane ligand, [NP(tBu)3]1-. The Ce4+ monoiodide complex, [Ce4+I(NP(tert-butyl)3)3] (1-CeI), serves as a precursor to the alkyl and benzyl complexes, [Ce4+(Npt)(NP(tert-butyl)3)3] (2-CeNpt) (Npt = neopentyl, CH2C(CH3)3) and [Ce4+(Bn)(NP(tert-butyl)3)3] (2-CeBn) (Bn = benzyl, CH2Ph). The bonding and structure of these complexes are characterized by single-crystal XRD, NMR and UV-vis-NIR spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetry, and DFT studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haruko Tateyama
- School
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute
of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0400, United States
| | - Andrew C. Boggiano
- School
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute
of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0400, United States
| | - Can Liao
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Kaitlyn S. Otte
- School
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute
of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0400, United States
| | - Xiaosong Li
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Henry S. La Pierre
- School
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute
of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0400, United States
- Nuclear
and Radiological Engineering and Medical Physics Program, School of
Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute
of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0400, United States
- Physical
Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National
Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
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7
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Chen Z, Zhou X, Mo M, Hu X, Liu J, Chen L. Systematic review of the osteogenic effect of rare earth nanomaterials and the underlying mechanisms. J Nanobiotechnology 2024; 22:185. [PMID: 38627717 PMCID: PMC11020458 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-024-02442-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Rare earth nanomaterials (RE NMs), which are based on rare earth elements, have emerged as remarkable biomaterials for use in bone regeneration. The effects of RE NMs on osteogenesis, such as promoting the osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells, have been investigated. However, the contributions of the properties of RE NMs to bone regeneration and their interactions with various cell types during osteogenesis have not been reviewed. Here, we review the crucial roles of the physicochemical and biological properties of RE NMs and focus on their osteogenic mechanisms. RE NMs directly promote the proliferation, adhesion, migration, and osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells. They also increase collagen secretion and mineralization to accelerate osteogenesis. Furthermore, RE NMs inhibit osteoclast formation and regulate the immune environment by modulating macrophages and promote angiogenesis by inducing hypoxia in endothelial cells. These effects create a microenvironment that is conducive to bone formation. This review will help researchers overcome current limitations to take full advantage of the osteogenic benefits of RE NMs and will suggest a potential approach for further osteogenesis research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziwei Chen
- Department of Orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Oral Restoration and Reconstruction & Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaohe Zhou
- Department of Orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Oral Restoration and Reconstruction & Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Minhua Mo
- Department of Orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Oral Restoration and Reconstruction & Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaowen Hu
- Department of Orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Oral Restoration and Reconstruction & Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jia Liu
- Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Liangjiao Chen
- Department of Orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Oral Restoration and Reconstruction & Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
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8
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Xue T, Ding YS, Zheng Z. A tetravalent praseodymium complex with field-induced slow magnetic relaxation. Dalton Trans 2024; 53:5779-5783. [PMID: 38482700 DOI: 10.1039/d4dt00052h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
Herein the synthesis, structural characterization, and magnetic properties of a Pr(IV) complex [Pr(OSiPh3)4(L)] (1, L = 4,4'-dimethoxy-2,2'-bipyridine) are reported. The stability of the Pr(IV) complex significantly enhanced with the use of the bidentate ligand L. Slow magnetic relaxation was observed at low temperatures, indicating that the complex may be the first single-ion magnet with a tetravalent lanthanide ion being the magnetic center.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianjiao Xue
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China.
- Key University Laboratory of Rare Earth Chemistry of Guangdong, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - You-Song Ding
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China.
- Key University Laboratory of Rare Earth Chemistry of Guangdong, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Zhiping Zheng
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China.
- Key University Laboratory of Rare Earth Chemistry of Guangdong, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
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9
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Flosbach NT, Bykov M, Bykova E, Rasche B, Mezouar M, Fedotenko T, Chariton S, Prakapenka VB, Wickleder MS. Stabilization of Pr 4+ in Silicates─High-Pressure Synthesis of PrSi 3O 8 and Pr 2Si 7O 18. Inorg Chem 2024; 63:4875-4882. [PMID: 38412505 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c03948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
The reaction between PrO2 and SiO2 was investigated at various pressure points up to 29 GPa in a diamond anvil cell using laser heating and in situ single-crystal structure analysis. The pressure points at 5 and 10 GPa produced Pr2III(Si2O7), whereas Pr4IIISi3O12 and Pr2IV(O2)O3 were obtained at 15 GPa. Pr4IIISi3O12 can be interpreted as a high-pressure modification of the still unknown orthosilicate Pr4III(SiO4)3. PrIVSi3O8 and Pr2IVSi7O18 that contain praseodymium in its rare + IV oxidation state were identified at 29 GPa. After the pressure was released from the reaction chamber, the Pr(IV) silicates could be recovered, indicating that they are metastable at ambient pressure. Density functional theory calculations of the electronic structure corroborate the oxidation state of praseodymium in both PrIVSi3O8 and Pr2IVSi7O18. Both silicates are the first structurally characterized representatives of Pr4+-containing salts with oxoanions. All three silicates contain condensed networks of [SiO6] octahedra which is unprecedented in the rich chemistry of lanthanoid silicates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niko T Flosbach
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Cologne, Greinstraße 6, 50939 Cologne, Germany
| | - Maxim Bykov
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Cologne, Greinstraße 6, 50939 Cologne, Germany
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Straße 7, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Elena Bykova
- Institute of Geosciences, Goethe University Frankfurt, Altenhöferallee 1, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Bertold Rasche
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Stuttgart, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Mohamed Mezouar
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF), Avenue des Martyrs 71, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Timofey Fedotenko
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Stella Chariton
- Center for Advanced Radiation Sources, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Vitali B Prakapenka
- Center for Advanced Radiation Sources, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Mathias S Wickleder
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Cologne, Greinstraße 6, 50939 Cologne, Germany
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10
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Guo Y, Jiang XL, Wu QY, Liu K, Wang W, Hu KQ, Mei L, Chai ZF, Gibson JK, Yu JP, Li J, Shi WQ. 4f/5d Hybridization Induced Single-Electron Delocalization in an Azide-Bridged Dicerium Complex. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:7088-7096. [PMID: 38436238 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c01047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Dilanthanide complexes with one-electron delocalization are important targets for understanding the specific 4f/5d-bonding feature in lanthanide chemistry. Here, we report an isolable azide-bridged dicerium complex 3 [{(TrapenTMS)Ce}2(μ-N3)]• [Trapen = tris (2-aminobenzyl)amine; TMS = SiMe3], which is synthesized by the reaction of tripodal ligand-supported (TrapenTMS)CeIVCl complex 2 with NaN3. The structure and bonding nature of 3 are fully characterized by X-ray crystal diffraction analysis, electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR), magnetic measurement, cyclic voltammetry, X-ray absorption spectroscopy, and quantum-theoretical studies. Complex 3 presents a trans-bent central Ce-N3-Ce unit with a single electron of two mixed-valent Ce atoms. The unique low-temperature (2 K) anisotropic EPR signals [g = 1.135, 2.003, and 3.034] of 3 indicate that its spin density is distributed on the central Ce-N3-Ce unit with marked electron delocalization. Quantum chemical analyses show strong 4f/5d orbital mixing in the singly occupied molecular orbital of 3, which allows for the unpaired electron to extend throughout the cerium-azide-cerium unit via a multicentered one-electron (Ce-N3-Ce) interaction. This work extends the family of mixed-valent dilanthanide complexes and provides a paradigm for understanding the bonding motif of ligand-bridged dilanthanide complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Guo
- Laboratory of Nuclear Energy Chemistry, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- State Key Laboratory of High-efficiency Utilization of Coal and Green Chemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China
| | - Xue-Lian Jiang
- Department of Chemistry and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalytic Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Qun-Yan Wu
- Laboratory of Nuclear Energy Chemistry, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Kang Liu
- Laboratory of Nuclear Energy Chemistry, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Wenyuan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, China
| | - Kong-Qiu Hu
- Laboratory of Nuclear Energy Chemistry, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Lei Mei
- Laboratory of Nuclear Energy Chemistry, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhi-Fang Chai
- Laboratory of Nuclear Energy Chemistry, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - John K Gibson
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Ji-Pan Yu
- Laboratory of Nuclear Energy Chemistry, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Chemistry and Engineering Research Center of Advanced Rare-Earth Materials of Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Fundamental Science Center of Rare Earths, Ganjiang Innovation Academy, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Wei-Qun Shi
- Laboratory of Nuclear Energy Chemistry, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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11
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Behrsing T, Blair VL, Jaroschik F, Deacon GB, Junk PC. Rare Earths-The Answer to Everything. Molecules 2024; 29:688. [PMID: 38338432 PMCID: PMC10856286 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29030688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 01/27/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Rare earths, scandium, yttrium, and the fifteen lanthanoids from lanthanum to lutetium, are classified as critical metals because of their ubiquity in daily life. They are present in magnets in cars, especially electric cars; green electricity generating systems and computers; in steel manufacturing; in glass and light emission materials especially for safety lighting and lasers; in exhaust emission catalysts and supports; catalysts in artificial rubber production; in agriculture and animal husbandry; in health and especially cancer diagnosis and treatment; and in a variety of materials and electronic products essential to modern living. They have the potential to replace toxic chromates for corrosion inhibition, in magnetic refrigeration, a variety of new materials, and their role in agriculture may expand. This review examines their role in sustainability, the environment, recycling, corrosion inhibition, crop production, animal feedstocks, catalysis, health, and materials, as well as considering future uses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Behrsing
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3800, Australia; (T.B.); (V.L.B.); (G.B.D.)
| | - Victoria L. Blair
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3800, Australia; (T.B.); (V.L.B.); (G.B.D.)
| | | | - Glen B. Deacon
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3800, Australia; (T.B.); (V.L.B.); (G.B.D.)
| | - Peter C. Junk
- College of Science & Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia
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12
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Guo H, Hong D, Cui P. Tripodal tris(siloxide) ligand supported trivalent rare-earth metal complexes and redox reactivity. Dalton Trans 2023; 52:15672-15676. [PMID: 37882247 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt02519e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
Tripodal tris(siloxide) ligand supported rare-earth metal complexes LLn(III) (Ln = Ce, Pr, Tb, Y, Lu) were synthesized. The Ce(III) complex was oxidized with [N(C6H4Br)3][SbCl6] to a Ce(IV) chloride complex, which reacted with tBuONa to form a Ce(IV) tert-butoxide complex, one displaying a reduction potential cathodically shifted relative to that of Ce(IV) chloride complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Guo
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education; Anhui Laboratory of Molecule-Based Materials; College of Chemistry and Materials Science; Anhui Normal University, S 189, Jiuhua Road, Wuhu, Anhui 241002, P. R. China.
| | - Dongjing Hong
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education; Anhui Laboratory of Molecule-Based Materials; College of Chemistry and Materials Science; Anhui Normal University, S 189, Jiuhua Road, Wuhu, Anhui 241002, P. R. China.
| | - Peng Cui
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education; Anhui Laboratory of Molecule-Based Materials; College of Chemistry and Materials Science; Anhui Normal University, S 189, Jiuhua Road, Wuhu, Anhui 241002, P. R. China.
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13
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Boggiano AC, Studvick CM, Steiner A, Bacsa J, Popov IA, La Pierre HS. Structural distortion by alkali metal cations modulates the redox and electronic properties of Ce 3+ imidophosphorane complexes. Chem Sci 2023; 14:11708-11717. [PMID: 37920331 PMCID: PMC10619540 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc04262f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023] Open
Abstract
A series of Ce3+ complexes with counter cations ranging from Li to Cs are presented. Cyclic voltammetry data indicate a significant dependence of the oxidation potential on the alkali metal identity. Analysis of the single-crystal X-ray diffraction data indicates that the degree of structural distortion of the secondary coordination sphere is linearly correlated with the measured oxidation potential. Solution electronic absorption spectroscopy confirms that the structural distortion is reflected in the solution structure. Computational studies further validate this analysis, deciphering the impact of alkali metal cations on the Ce atomic orbital contributions, differences in energies of Ce-dominant molecular orbitals, energy shift of the 4f-5d electronic transitions, and degree of structural distortions. In sum, the structural impact of the alkali metal cation is demonstrated to modulate the redox and electronic properties of the Ce3+ complexes, and provides insight into the rational tuning of the Ce3+ imidophosphorane complex oxidation potential through alkali metal identity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew C Boggiano
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta Georgia 30332-0400 USA
| | - Chad M Studvick
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Akron Akron Ohio 44325-3601 USA
| | - Alexander Steiner
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool Liverpool L69 7ZD UK
| | - John Bacsa
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta Georgia 30332-0400 USA
| | - Ivan A Popov
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Akron Akron Ohio 44325-3601 USA
| | - Henry S La Pierre
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta Georgia 30332-0400 USA
- Nuclear and Radiological Engineering and Medical Physics Program, School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta Georgia 30332-0400 USA
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14
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Wang Y, Liang J, Deng C, Sun R, Fu PX, Wang BW, Gao S, Huang W. Two-Electron Oxidations at a Single Cerium Center. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:22466-22474. [PMID: 37738079 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c06613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
Two-electron oxidations are ubiquitous and play a key role in the synthesis and catalysis. For transition metals and actinides, two-electron oxidation often takes place at a single-metal site. However, redox reactions at rare-earth metals have been limited to one-electron processes due to the lack of accessible oxidation states. Despite recent advancements in nontraditional oxidation state chemistry, the low stability of low-valent compounds and large disparity among different oxidation states prevented the implementation of two-electron processes at a single rare-earth metal center. Here we report two-electron oxidations at a cerium(II) center to yield cerium(IV) terminal oxo and imido complexes. A series of cerium(II-IV) complexes supported by a tripodal tris(amido)arene ligand were synthesized and characterized. Experimental and theoretical studies revealed that the cerium(II) complex is best described as a 4f2 ion stabilized by δ-backdonation to the anchoring arene, while the cerium(IV) oxo and imido complexes exhibit multiple bonding characters. The accomplishment of two-electron oxidations at a single cerium center brings a new facet to molecular rare-earth metal chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
| | - Jiefeng Liang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
| | - Chong Deng
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
| | - Rong Sun
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Magnetoelectric Materials and Devices, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
| | - Peng-Xiang Fu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
| | - Bing-Wu Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Magnetoelectric Materials and Devices, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
| | - Song Gao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
- Spin-X Institute, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory of Optoelectronic and Magnetic Functional Materials, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, P. R. China
| | - Wenliang Huang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
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15
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Otte KS, Niklas JE, Studvick CM, Boggiano AC, Bacsa J, Popov IA, La Pierre HS. Divergent Stabilities of Tetravalent Cerium, Uranium, and Neptunium Imidophosphorane Complexes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202306580. [PMID: 37327070 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202306580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The study of the redox chemistry of mid-actinides (U-Pu) has historically relied on cerium as a model, due to the accessibility of trivalent and tetravalent oxidation states for these ions. Recently, dramatic shifts of lanthanide 4+/3+ non-aqueous redox couples have been established within a homoleptic imidophosphorane ligand framework. Herein we extend the chemistry of the imidophosphorane ligand (NPC=[N=Pt Bu(pyrr)2 ]- ; pyrr=pyrrolidinyl) to tetrahomoleptic NPC complexes of neptunium and cerium (1-M, 2-M, M=Np, Ce) and present comparative structural, electrochemical, and theoretical studies of these complexes. Large cathodic shifts in the M4+/3+ (M=Ce, U, Np) couples underpin the stabilization of higher metal oxidation states owing to the strongly donating nature of the NPC ligands, providing access to the U5+/4+ , U6+/5+ , and to an unprecedented, well-behaved Np5+/4+ redox couple. The differences in the chemical redox properties of the U vs. Ce and Np complexes are rationalized based on their redox potentials, degree of structural rearrangement upon reduction/oxidation, relative molecular orbital energies, and orbital composition analyses employing density functional theory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaitlyn S Otte
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332-0400, USA
| | - Julie E Niklas
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332-0400, USA
| | - Chad M Studvick
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Akron, Akron, OH, 44325-3601, USA
| | - Andrew C Boggiano
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332-0400, USA
| | - John Bacsa
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332-0400, USA
| | - Ivan A Popov
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Akron, Akron, OH, 44325-3601, USA
| | - Henry S La Pierre
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332-0400, USA
- Nuclear and Radiological Engineering Program, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332-0400, USA
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16
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Ramanathan A, Walter ED, Mourigal M, La Pierre HS. Increased Crystal Field Drives Intermediate Coupling and Minimizes Decoherence in Tetravalent Praseodymium Qubits. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:17603-17612. [PMID: 37527523 PMCID: PMC10436280 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c02820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023]
Abstract
Crystal field (CF) control of rare-earth (RE) ions has been employed to minimize decoherence in qubits and to enhance the effective barrier of single-molecule magnets. The CF approach has been focused on the effects of symmetry on dynamic magnetic properties. Herein, the magnitude of the CF is increased via control of the RE oxidation state. The enhanced 4f metal-ligand covalency in Pr4+ gives rise to CF energy scales that compete with the spin-orbit coupling of Pr4+ and thereby shifts the paradigm from the ionic ζSOC ≫ VCF limit, used to describe trivalent RE-ion, to an intermediate coupling (IC) regime. We examine Pr4+-doped perovskite oxide lattices (BaSnO3 and BaZrO3). These systems are defined by IC which quenches orbital angular momentum. Therefore, the single-ion spin-orbit coupled states in Pr4+ can be chemically tuned. We demonstrate a relatively large hyperfine interaction of Aiso = 1800 MHz for Pr4+, coherent manipulation of the spin with QM = 2ΩRTm, reaching up to ∼400 for 0.1Pr:BSO at T = 5 K, and significant improvement of the temperature at which Tm is limited by T1 (T* = 60 K) compared to other RE ion qubits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arun Ramanathan
- School
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute
of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Eric D. Walter
- Environmental
Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest
National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Martin Mourigal
- School
of Physics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Henry S. La Pierre
- School
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute
of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
- Nuclear
and Radiological Engineering and Medical Physics Program, School of
Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute
of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
- Physical
Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National
Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
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17
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Zhang J, Yang X, Ren T, Jia D. Syntheses, structures, photoelectric properties and photocatalysis of iodobismuthate hybrids with lanthanide complex cations. Dalton Trans 2023; 52:6804-6812. [PMID: 37133384 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt00490b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
New iodobismuthate hybrids with lanthanide complex counter cations, [Ln(DMF)8][Bi2I9] (Ln = La (1), Eu (2)) and [Tb(DMF)8]2[Bi2I9]2 (3) (DMF = N,N-dimethylformamide), were prepared using solvated Ln(III) complexes formed in situ as structure-directing agents. The dimeric [Bi2I9]3- anion moieties of compounds 1-3 are aggregated by two slightly twisted BiI6 octahedra through face-sharing mode. The different crystal structures of 1-3 are due to the different I⋯I and C-H⋯I hydrogen bond interactions. Compounds 1-3 have narrow semiconducting band gaps at 2.23, 1.91 and 1.94 eV, respectively. Under Xe light irradiation, they exhibit steady photocurrent densities that are 1.81, 2.10 and 2.18 times higher than that of pure BiI3, respectively. Compounds 2 and 3 exhibited higher catalytic activities than 1 in the photodegradation of organic dyes CV and RhB, which are attributed to the stronger photocurrent response derived from the redox cycles of Eu3+/Eu2+ and Tb4+/Tb3+.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahua Zhang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, No. 199 Renai Road, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China.
| | - Xiao Yang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, No. 199 Renai Road, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China.
| | - Taohong Ren
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, No. 199 Renai Road, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China.
| | - Dingxian Jia
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, No. 199 Renai Road, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China.
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18
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Cemortan V, Simler T, Moutet J, Jaoul A, Clavaguéra C, Nocton G. Structure and bonding patterns in heterometallic organometallics with linear Ln-Pd-Ln motifs. Chem Sci 2023; 14:2676-2685. [PMID: 36908951 PMCID: PMC9993901 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc06933d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Complexes with short intermetallic distances between transition metal fragments and lanthanide (Ln) fragments are fascinating objects of study, owing to the ambiguity of the nature of the interaction. The addition of the divalent lanthanide fragments Cp*2Ln(OEt2) (Ln = Sm or Yb) to a Pd(ii) complex bearing the deprotonated form of the redox-active, non-symmetrical ligand, 2-pyrimidin-2-yl-1H-benzimidazole (Hbimpm), leads to two isostructural complexes, of the general formula (Cp*2Ln)2[μ-Pd(pyridyl)2] (Ln = Sm (4) and Yb (5)). These adducts have interesting features, such as unique linear Ln-Pd-Ln arrangements and short Ln-Pd distances, which deviate from the expected lanthanide contraction. A mixed computational and spectroscopic study into the formation of these adducts gathers important clues as to their formation. At the same time, thorough characterization of these complexes establishes the +3 oxidation state of all the involved Ln centers. Detailed theoretical computations demonstrate that the apparent deviation from lanthanide contraction is not due to any difference in the intermetallic interaction between the Pd and the Ln, but that the fragments are joined together by electrostatic interactions and dispersive forces. This conclusion contrasts with the findings about a third complex, Cp*2Yb(μ-Me)2PdCp* (6), formed during the reaction, which also possesses a short Yb-Pd distance. Studies at the CASSCF level of theory on this complex show several orbitals containing significant interactions between the 4f and 4d manifolds of the metals. This demonstrates the need for methodical and careful analyses in gauging the intermetallic interaction and the inadequacy of empirical metrics in describing such phenomena.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeriu Cemortan
- LCM, CNRS, Ecole Polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris Route de Saclay Palaiseau 91120 France .,Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut de Chimie Physique UMR8000 Orsay 91405 France
| | - Thomas Simler
- LCM, CNRS, Ecole Polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris Route de Saclay Palaiseau 91120 France
| | - Jules Moutet
- LCM, CNRS, Ecole Polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris Route de Saclay Palaiseau 91120 France
| | - Arnaud Jaoul
- LCM, CNRS, Ecole Polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris Route de Saclay Palaiseau 91120 France
| | - Carine Clavaguéra
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut de Chimie Physique UMR8000 Orsay 91405 France
| | - Grégory Nocton
- LCM, CNRS, Ecole Polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris Route de Saclay Palaiseau 91120 France
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19
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Shiau AA, Lee HB, Oyala PH, Agapie T. Mn IV4O 4 Model of the S 3 Intermediate of the Oxygen-Evolving Complex: Effect of the Dianionic Disiloxide Ligand. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:1791-1796. [PMID: 35829634 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c01612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Synthetic complexes provide useful models to study the interplay between the structure and spectroscopy of the different Sn-state intermediates of the oxygen-evolving complex (OEC) of photosystem II (PSII). Complexes containing the MnIV4 core corresponding to the S3 state, the last observable intermediate prior to dioxygen formation, remain very rare. Toward the development of synthetic strategies to stabilize highly oxidized tetranuclear complexes, ligands with increased anion charge were pursued. Herein, we report the synthesis, electrochemistry, SQUID magnetometry, and electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy of a stable MnIV4O4 cuboidal complex supported by a disiloxide ligand. The substitution of an anionic acetate or amidate ligand with a dianionic disiloxide ligand shifts the reduction potential of the MnIIIMnIV3/MnIV4 redox couple by up to ∼760 mV, improving stability. The S = 3 spin ground state of the siloxide-ligated MnIV4O4 complex matches the acetate and amidate variants, in corroboration with the MnIV4 assignment of the S3 state of the OEC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela A Shiau
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, 1200 East California Boulevard, MC 127-72, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Heui Beom Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, 1200 East California Boulevard, MC 127-72, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Paul H Oyala
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, 1200 East California Boulevard, MC 127-72, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Theodor Agapie
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, 1200 East California Boulevard, MC 127-72, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
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20
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Lu JB, Jiang XL, Wang JQ, Hu HS, Schwarz WHE, Li J. On the highest oxidation states of the actinoids in AnO 4 molecules (An = Ac - Cm): A DMRG-CASSCF study. J Comput Chem 2023; 44:190-198. [PMID: 35420170 DOI: 10.1002/jcc.26856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Actinoid tetroxide molecules AnO4 (An = Ac - Cm) are investigated with the ab initio density matrix renormalization group (DMRG) approach. Natural orbital shapes are used to read out the oxidation state (OS) of the f-elements, and the atomic orbital energies and radii are used to explain the trends. The highest OSs reveal a "volcano"-type variation: For An = Ac - Np, the OSs are equal to the number of available valence electrons, that is, AcIII , ThIV , PaV , UVI , and NpVII . Starting with plutonium as the turning point, the highest OSs in the most stable AnO4 isomers then decrease as PuV , AmV , and CmIII , indicating that the 5f-electrons are hard to be fully oxidized off from Pu onward. The variations are related to the actinoid contraction and to the 5f-covalency characteristics. Combined with previous work on OSs, we review their general trends throughout the periodic table, providing fundamental understanding of OS-relevant phenomena.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Bo Lu
- Departmentof Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen.,Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering, Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing
| | - Xue-Lian Jiang
- Departmentof Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen
| | - Jia-Qi Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering, Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing
| | - Han-Shi Hu
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering, Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing
| | - W H Eugen Schwarz
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering, Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing.,Theoretische Chemie, Fachbereich Chemie und Biologie, Universität Siegen, Siegen, Germany
| | - Jun Li
- Departmentof Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen.,Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering, Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing
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21
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Mahieu N, Piątkowski J, Simler T, Nocton G. Back to the future of organolanthanide chemistry. Chem Sci 2023; 14:443-457. [PMID: 36741512 PMCID: PMC9848160 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc05976b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
At the dawn of the development of structural organometallic chemistry, soon after the discovery of ferrocene, the description of the LnCp3 complexes, featuring large and mostly trivalent lanthanide ions, was rather original and sparked curiosity. Yet, the interest in these new architectures rapidly dwindled due to the electrostatic nature of the bonding between π-aromatic ligands and 4f-elements. Almost 70 years later, it is interesting to focus on how the discipline has evolved in various directions with the reports of multiple catalytic reactivities, remarkable potential in small molecule activation, and the development of rich redox chemistry. Aside from chemical reactivity, a better understanding of their singular electronic nature - not precisely as simplistic as anticipated - has been crucial for developing tailored compounds with adapted magnetic anisotropy or high fluorescence properties that have witnessed significant popularity in recent years. Future developments shall greatly benefit from the detailed reactivity, structural and physical chemistry studies, particularly in photochemistry, electro- or photoelectrocatalysis of inert small molecules, and manipulating the spins' coherence in quantum technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nolwenn Mahieu
- LCM, CNRS, Ecole Polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, Route de Saclay91120 PalaiseauFrance
| | - Jakub Piątkowski
- LCM, CNRS, Ecole Polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, Route de Saclay91120 PalaiseauFrance
| | - Thomas Simler
- LCM, CNRS, Ecole Polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, Route de Saclay91120 PalaiseauFrance
| | - Grégory Nocton
- LCM, CNRS, Ecole Polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, Route de Saclay91120 PalaiseauFrance
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22
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Wang N, Feng B, Cui P, Tamm M, Chen Y. Imidazolin-2-iminato Cerium(IV) Chlorides: Synthesis, Structure and Electrochemical Properties. Chem Asian J 2023; 18:e202201135. [PMID: 36445801 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202201135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 11/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The ligand field greatly affects the redox properties of cerium. Herein, cerium(III) and cerium(IV) complexes supported by imidazolin-2-iminato ligands were synthesized and structurally characterized, and their electrochemical properties were investigated. Silylamine elimination of cerium(III) amide Ce{N(SiMe3 )2 }3 with imidazolin-2-imine ImR NH (R=Mes, tBu, iPr) provided imidazolin-2-iminato cerium(III) complexes, [(ImMes N)(ImMes NH)Ce{N(SiMe3 )2 }2 ] (1), [(ImtBu N)2 (ImtBu NH)Ce{N(SiMe3 )2 }] (2) and [(ImiPr N)2 (ImiPr NH)Ce(μ-ImiPr N)]2 (4) in 71-85% yields. These cerium(III) complexes were successfully oxidized by Ph3 CCl or C2 Cl6 to afford imidazolin-2-iminato cerium(IV) chlorides, [(ImMes N)2 Ce{N(SiMe3 )2 }Cl] (5), [(ImtBu N)3 CeCl] (6) and [(ImiPr N)2 Ce(μ-ImiPr N)Cl]2 (7) in 70%-76% yields. All complexes were characterized by the single-crystal X-ray diffraction, which showed that 1, 2, 5 and 6 are monomers while 4 and 7 are dimers. The electrochemical studies indicated that the Ce(III/IV) couples for 5 and 6 are more negative than those of silylamido cerium(IV) complexes, and the Ce(III/IV) couples for 1 and 2 have a similar trend.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, P. R. China.,State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai, 200032, P. R. China
| | - Bin Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai, 200032, P. R. China
| | - Peng Cui
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids Ministry of Education Anhui Laboratory of Molecule-Based Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials ScienceAnhui Normal University, S189 Jiuhua Road, Wuhu, Anhui, 241002, P. R. China
| | - Matthias Tamm
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Hagenring 30, 38106, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Yaofeng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai, 200032, P. R. China.,Spin-X Institute School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory of Optoelectronic and Magnetic Functional Materials, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510641, P. R. China
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23
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Zhang J, Yang X, Wang W, Jia D. Highly-visible-light-driven photocatalysts based on terbium(III) complexes with tetraselenidoantimonate and polyamine mixed ligands. INORG CHEM COMMUN 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.inoche.2022.110185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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24
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Chen LS, Liu YZ, Chen JJ, Wang SD, Ma TM, Li XN, He SG. Water-Gas Shift Catalyzed by Iridium-Vanadium Oxide Clusters IrVO 2- with Iridium in a Rare Oxidation State of -II. J Phys Chem A 2022; 126:5294-5301. [PMID: 35943908 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.2c03974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The discovery of compounds containing transition metals with an unusual and well-established oxidation state is vital to enrich our horizon on formal oxidation state. Herein, benefiting from the study of the water-gas shift reaction (CO + H2O → CO2 + H2) mediated with the iridium-vanadium oxide cluster IrVO2-, the missing -II oxidation state of iridium was identified. The reactions were performed by using our newly developed double ion trap reactors that can spatially separate the addition of reactants and are characterized by mass spectrometry and quantum-chemical calculations. This finding makes an important step that all the proposed 13 oxidation states of iridium (+IX to -III) have been known. The iridium atom in the IrVO2- cluster features the Ir═V double bond and resembles chemically the coordinated oxygen atom. A reactivity study demonstrated that the flexible role switch of iridium between an oxygen-atom like (Ir-IIVO2-) and a transition-metal-atom like behavior (Ir+IIVO3-) in different species can drive the water-gas shift reaction in the gas phase under ambient conditions. This result parallels and well rationalizes the extraordinary reactivity of oxide-supported iridium single-atom catalysts in related condensed-phase reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le-Shi Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.,School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, 381 Wushan Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510641, China
| | - Yun-Zhu Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.,Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Jiao-Jiao Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.,Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Si-Dun Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.,School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, 381 Wushan Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510641, China
| | - Tong-Mei Ma
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, 381 Wushan Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510641, China
| | - Xiao-Na Li
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.,Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Sheng-Gui He
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.,Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
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25
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Rice NT, Dalodière E, Adelman SL, Jones ZR, Kozimor SA, Mocko V, Root HD, Stein BW. Oxidizing Americium(III) with Sodium Bismuthate in Acidic Aqueous Solutions. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:12948-12953. [PMID: 35939562 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c01596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Historic perspectives describing f-elements as being redox "inactive" are fading. Researchers continue to discover new oxidation states that are not as inaccessible as once assumed for actinides and lanthanides. Inspired by those contributions, we studied americium(III) oxidation in aqueous media under air using NaBiO3(s). We identified selective oxidation of Am3+(aq) to AmO22+(aq) or AmO21+(aq) could be achieved by changing the aqueous matrix identity. AmO22+(aq) formed in H3PO4(aq) (1 M) and AmO21+(aq) formed in dilute HCl(aq) (0.1 M). These americyl products were stable for weeks in solution. Also included is a method to recover 243Am from the americium and bismuth mixtures generated during these studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie T Rice
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| | - Elodie Dalodière
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| | - Sara L Adelman
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| | - Zachary R Jones
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| | - Stosh A Kozimor
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| | - Veronika Mocko
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| | - Harrison D Root
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| | - Benjamin W Stein
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
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26
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Rice NT, Popov IA, Carlson RK, Greer SM, Boggiano AC, Stein BW, Bacsa J, Batista ER, Yang P, La Pierre HS. Spectroscopic and electrochemical characterization of a Pr 4+ imidophosphorane complex and the redox chemistry of Nd 3+ and Dy 3+ complexes. Dalton Trans 2022; 51:6696-6706. [PMID: 35412547 DOI: 10.1039/d2dt00758d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The molecular tetravalent oxidation state for praseodymium is observed in solution via oxidation of the anionic trivalent precursor [K][Pr3+(NP(1,2-bis-tBu-diamidoethane)(NEt2))4] (1-Pr(NP*)) with AgI at -35 °C. The Pr4+ complex is characterized in solution via cyclic voltammetry, UV-vis-NIR electronic absorption spectroscopy, and EPR spectroscopy. Electrochemical analyses of [K][Ln3+(NP(1,2-bis-tBu-diamidoethane)(NEt2))4] (Ln = Nd and Dy) by cyclic voltammetry are reported and, in conjunction with theoretical modeling of electronic structure and oxidation potential, are indicative of principal ligand oxidations in contrast to the metal-centered oxidation observed for 1-Pr(NP*). The identification of a tetravalent praseodymium complex in in situ UV-vis and EPR experiments is further validated by theoretical modeling of the redox chemistry and the UV-vis spectrum. The latter study was performed by extended multistate pair-density functional theory (XMS-PDFT) and implicates a multiconfigurational ground state for the tetravalent praseodymium complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie T Rice
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0400, USA.
| | - Ivan A Popov
- Theoretical Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA. .,Department of Chemistry, The University of Akron, Akron, OH 44325-3601, USA
| | - Rebecca K Carlson
- Theoretical Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA.
| | - Samuel M Greer
- Chemistry Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - Andrew C Boggiano
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0400, USA.
| | - Benjamin W Stein
- Chemistry Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - John Bacsa
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0400, USA.
| | - Enrique R Batista
- Theoretical Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA.
| | - Ping Yang
- Theoretical Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA.
| | - Henry S La Pierre
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0400, USA. .,Nuclear and Radiological Engineering and Medical Physics Program, School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0400, USA
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27
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Isolation and crystal structure of the first Pr(IV) coordination polymer and the complex anti-proliferative activity evaluation against seven cancer cell lines. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.132508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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28
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Shafi Z, Gibson JK. Lanthanide Complexes Containing a Terminal Ln═O Oxo Bond: Revealing Higher Stability of Tetravalent Praseodymium versus Terbium. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:7075-7087. [PMID: 35476904 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c00525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We report on the reactivity of gas-phase lanthanide-oxide nitrate complexes, [Ln(O)(NO3)3]- (denoted LnO2+), produced via elimination of NO2• from trivalent [LnIII(NO3)4]- (Ln = Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Tb, Dy). These complexes feature a LnIII-O• oxyl, a LnIV═O oxo, or an intermediate LnIII/IV oxyl/oxo bond, depending on the accessibility of the tetravalent LnIV state. Hydrogen atom abstraction reactivity of the LnO2+ complexes to form unambiguously trivalent [LnIII(OH)(NO3)3]- reveals the nature of the oxide bond. The result of slower reactivity of PrO2+ versus TbO2+ is considered to indicate higher stability of the tetravalent praseodymium-oxo, PrIV═O, versus TbIV═O. This is the first report of PrIV as more stable than TbIV, which is discussed with respect to ionization potentials, standard electrode potentials, atomic promotion energies, and oxo bond covalency via 4f- and/or 5d-orbital participation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziad Shafi
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States.,Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - John K Gibson
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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29
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Wang Z, Lu JB, Dong X, Yan Q, Feng X, Hu HS, Wang S, Chen J, Li J, Xu C. Ultra-Efficient Americium/Lanthanide Separation through Oxidation State Control. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:6383-6389. [PMID: 35353513 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c00594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Lanthanide/actinide separation is a worldwide challenge for atomic energy and nuclear waste treatment. Separation of americium (Am), a critical actinide element in the nuclear fuel cycle, from lanthanides (Ln) is highly desirable for minimizing the long-term radiotoxicity of nuclear waste, yet it is extremely challenging given the chemical similarity between trivalent Am(III) and Ln(III). Selective oxidation of Am(III) to a higher oxidation state (OS) could facilitate this separation, but so far, it is far from satisfactory for practical application as a result of the unstable nature of Am in a high OS. Herein, we find a novel strategy to generate stable pentavalent Am (Am(V)) through coordination of Am(III) with a diglycolamide ligand and oxidation with Bi(V) species in the presence of an organic solvent. This strategy leads to efficient stabilization of Am(V) and an extraordinarily high separation factor (>104) of Am from Ln through one single contact in solvent extraction, thereby opening a new avenue to study the high-OS chemistry of Am and fulfill the crucial task of Ln/Am separation in the nuclear fuel cycle. The synergistic coordination and oxidation process is found to occur in the organic solvent, and the mechanism has been well elucidated by quantum-theoretical modeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhipeng Wang
- Institute of Nuclear and New Energy Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jun-Bo Lu
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Xue Dong
- Institute of Nuclear and New Energy Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Qiang Yan
- Institute of Nuclear and New Energy Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xiaogui Feng
- Institute of Nuclear and New Energy Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Han-Shi Hu
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics & Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Shuao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Jing Chen
- Institute of Nuclear and New Energy Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China.,Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics & Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Chao Xu
- Institute of Nuclear and New Energy Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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30
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Abstract
The number of rare earth (RE) starting materials used in synthesis is staggering, ranging from simple binary metal-halide salts to borohydrides and "designer reagents" such as alkyl and organoaluminate complexes. This review collates the most important starting materials used in RE synthetic chemistry, including essential information on their preparations and uses in modern synthetic methodologies. The review is divided by starting material category and supporting ligands (i.e., metals as synthetic precursors, halides, borohydrides, nitrogen donors, oxygen donors, triflates, and organometallic reagents), and in each section relevant synthetic methodologies and applications are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabrizio Ortu
- School of Chemistry, University of Leicester, LE1 7RH Leicester, U.K.
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31
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Willauer AR, Douair I, Chauvin AS, Fadaei-Tirani F, Bünzli JCG, Maron L, Mazzanti M. Structure, reactivity and luminescence studies of triphenylsiloxide complexes of tetravalent lanthanides. Chem Sci 2022; 13:681-691. [PMID: 35173932 PMCID: PMC8769062 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc05517h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Among the 14 lanthanide elements (Ce–Lu), until recently, the tetravalent oxidation state was readily accessible in solution only for cerium while Pr(iv), Nd(iv), Dy(iv) and Tb(iv) had only been detected in the solid state. The triphenylsiloxide ligand recently allowed the isolation of molecular complexes of Tb(iv) and Pr(iv) providing an unique opportunity of investigating the luminescent properties of Ln(iv) ions. Here we have expanded the coordination studies of the triphenylsiloxide ligand with Ln(iii) and Ln(iv) ions and we report the first observed luminescence emission spectra of Pr(iv) complexes which are assigned to a ligand-based emission on the basis of the measured lifetime and computational studies. Binding of the ligand to the Pr(iv) ion leads to an unprecedented large shift of the ligand triplet state which is relevant for future applications in materials science. The first observed luminescence emission spectra of Pr(iv) complexes are assigned to a ligand-based emission. Binding of the triphenylsiloxide ligand to the Pr(iv) ion leads to an unprecedented large red shift of its triplet state.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurélien R Willauer
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Iskander Douair
- Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie des Nano-objets, Institut National des Sciences Appliquées 31077 Toulouse France
| | - Anne-Sophie Chauvin
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Farzaneh Fadaei-Tirani
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Jean-Claude G Bünzli
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) 1015 Lausanne Switzerland .,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech) Shenzhen China
| | - Laurent Maron
- Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie des Nano-objets, Institut National des Sciences Appliquées 31077 Toulouse France
| | - Marinella Mazzanti
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
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32
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Arman MO, Geboes B, Van Hecke K, Binnemans K, Cardinaels T. Electrochemical oxidation of terbium(III) in aqueous media: influence of supporting electrolyte on oxidation potential and stability. J APPL ELECTROCHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10800-021-01651-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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33
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Zhu Z, Tang J. Metal–metal bond in lanthanide single-molecule magnets. Chem Soc Rev 2022; 51:9469-9481. [DOI: 10.1039/d2cs00516f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
This review surveys recent critical advances in lanthanide SMMs, highlighting the influences of metal–metal bonds on the magnetization dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenhua Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Jinkui Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P. R. China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, P. R. China
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34
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Wedal JC, Evans WJ. A Rare-Earth Metal Retrospective to Stimulate All Fields. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:18354-18367. [PMID: 34677044 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c08288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Formulating insightful questions and experiments is crucial to the advancement of science. The purpose of this Perspective is to encourage scientists in all areas of chemistry to ask more "What if?" questions: What if we tried this experiment? What if we used these conditions? What if that idea is not correct? To stimulate this thinking, a retrospective analysis of a specific field, in this case rare-earth metal chemistry, is presented that describes the "What if?" questions that could have and should have been asked earlier based on our current knowledge. The goal is to provide scientists with a historical perspective of discovery that exemplifies how previous views in chemistry were often narrowed by predominant beliefs in principles that were incorrect. The same situation is likely to exist today, but we do not realize the limitations! Hopefully, this analysis can be used as a springboard for posing important "What if?" questions that should be asked right now in every area of chemical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin C Wedal
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - William J Evans
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, United States
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35
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Abstract
Lanthanide (Ln) elements are generally found in the oxidation state +II or +III, and a few examples of +IV and +V compounds have also been reported. In contrast, monovalent Ln(+I) complexes remain scarce. Here we combine photoelectron spectroscopy and theoretical calculations to study Ln-doped octa-boron clusters (LnB8−, Ln = La, Pr, Tb, Tm, Yb) with the rare +I oxidation state. The global minimum of the LnB8− species changes from Cs to C7v symmetry accompanied by an oxidation-state change from +III to +I from the early to late lanthanides. All the C7v-LnB8− clusters can be viewed as a monovalent Ln(I) coordinated by a η8-B82− doubly aromatic ligand. The B73−, B82−, and B9− series of aromatic boron clusters are analogous to the classical aromatic hydrocarbon molecules, C5H5−, C6H6, and C7H7+, respectively, with similar trends of size and charge state and they are named collectively as “borozenes”. Lanthanides with variable oxidation states and magnetic properties may be formed with different borozenes. The most common oxidation state for lanthanides is +3. Here the authors use photoelectron spectroscopy and theoretical calculations to study half-sandwich complexes where a lanthanide center in the oxidation state +1 is bound to an aromatic wheel-like B82- ligand.
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36
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Mouchel Dit Leguerrier D, Barré R, Molloy J, Thomas F. Lanthanide complexes as redox and ROS/RNS probes: A new paradigm that makes use of redox-reactive and redox non-innocent ligands. Coord Chem Rev 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2021.214133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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37
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38
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Gompa TP, Greer SM, Rice NT, Jiang N, Telser J, Ozarowski A, Stein BW, La Pierre HS. High-Frequency and -Field Electron Paramagnetic Resonance Spectroscopic Analysis of Metal-Ligand Covalency in a 4f 7 Valence Series (Eu 2+, Gd 3+, and Tb 4+). Inorg Chem 2021; 60:9064-9073. [PMID: 34106710 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c01062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The recent isolation of molecular tetravalent lanthanide complexes has enabled renewed exploration of the effect of oxidation state on the single-ion properties of the lanthanide ions. Despite the isotropic nature of the 8S ground state in a tetravalent terbium complex, [Tb(NP(1,2-bis-tBu-diamidoethane)(NEt2))4], preliminary X-band electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) measurements on tetravalent terbium complexes show rich spectra with broad resonances. The complexity of these spectra highlights the limits of conventional X-band EPR for even qualitative determination of zero-field splitting (ZFS) in these complexes. Therefore, we report the synthesis and characterization of a novel valence series of 4f7 molecular complexes spanning three oxidation states (Eu2+, Gd3+, and Tb4+) featuring a weak-field imidophosphorane ligand system, and employ high-frequency and -field electron paramagnetic resonance (HFEPR) to obtain quantitative values for ZFS across this valence series. The series was designed to minimize deviation in the first coordination sphere from the pseudotetrahedral geometry in order to directly interrogate the role of metal identity and charge on the complexes' electronic structures. These HFEPR studies are supported by crystallographic analysis and quantum-chemical calculations to assess the relative covalent interactions in each member of this valence series and the effect of the oxidation state on the splitting of the ground state and first excited state.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Samuel M Greer
- Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| | | | | | - Joshua Telser
- Department of Biological, Physical and Health Sciences, Roosevelt University, Chicago, Illinois 60605, United States
| | - Andrew Ozarowski
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory (NHMFL), Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32310, United States
| | - Benjamin W Stein
- Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
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39
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Hirneise L, Langmann J, Zitzer G, Ude L, Maichle-Mössmer C, Scherer W, Speiser B, Anwander R. Tuning Organocerium Electrochemical Potentials by Extending Tris(cyclopentadienyl) Scaffolds with Terminal Halogenido, Siloxy, and Alkoxy Ligands. Organometallics 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.1c00276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lars Hirneise
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Jan Langmann
- Institut für Physik, Universität Augsburg, Universitätsstraße 1, 86159 Augsburg, Germany
| | - Georg Zitzer
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Lukas Ude
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Cäcilia Maichle-Mössmer
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Scherer
- Institut für Physik, Universität Augsburg, Universitätsstraße 1, 86159 Augsburg, Germany
| | - Bernd Speiser
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Reiner Anwander
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
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40
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Barluzzi L, Hsueh FC, Scopelliti R, Atkinson BE, Kaltsoyannis N, Mazzanti M. Synthesis, structure, and reactivity of uranium(vi) nitrides. Chem Sci 2021; 12:8096-8104. [PMID: 34194699 PMCID: PMC8208130 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc01796a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Uranium nitride compounds are important molecular analogues of uranium nitride materials such as UN and UN2 which are effective catalysts in the Haber-Bosch synthesis of ammonia, but the synthesis of molecular nitrides remains a challenge and studies of the reactivity and of the nature of the bonding are poorly developed. Here we report the synthesis of the first nitride bridged uranium complexes containing U(vi) and provide a unique comparison of reactivity and bonding in U(vi)/U(vi), U(vi)/U(v) and U(v)/U(v) systems. Oxidation of the U(v)/U(v) bis-nitride [K2{U(OSi(O t Bu)3)3(μ-N)}2], 1, with mild oxidants yields the U(v)/U(vi) complexes [K{U(OSi(O t Bu)3)3(μ-N)}2], 2 and [K2{U(OSi(O t Bu)3)3}2(μ-N)2(μ-I)], 3 while oxidation with a stronger oxidant ("magic blue") yields the U(vi)/U(vi) complex [{U(OSi(O t Bu)3)3}2(μ-N)2(μ-thf)], 4. The three complexes show very different stability and reactivity, with N2 release observed for complex 4. Complex 2 undergoes hydrogenolysis to yield imido bridged [K2{U(OSi(O t Bu)3)3(μ-NH)}2], 6 and rare amido bridged U(iv)/U(iv) complexes [{U(OSi(O t Bu)3)3}2(μ-NH2)2(μ-thf)], 7 while no hydrogenolysis could be observed for 4. Both complexes 2 and 4 react with H+ to yield quantitatively NH4Cl, but only complex 2 reacts with CO and H2. Differences in reactivity can be related to significant differences in the U-N bonding. Computational studies show a delocalised bond across the U-N-U for 1 and 2, but an asymmetric bonding scheme is found for the U(vi)/U(vi) complex 4 which shows a U-N σ orbital well localised to U[triple bond, length as m-dash]N and π orbitals which partially delocalise to form the U-N single bond with the other uranium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciano Barluzzi
- Insititut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Fang-Che Hsueh
- Insititut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Rosario Scopelliti
- Insititut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Benjamin E Atkinson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester Oxford Road Manchester M13 9PL UK
| | - Nikolas Kaltsoyannis
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester Oxford Road Manchester M13 9PL UK
| | - Marinella Mazzanti
- Insititut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
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41
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Tricoire M, Mahieu N, Simler T, Nocton G. Intermediate Valence States in Lanthanide Compounds. Chemistry 2021; 27:6860-6879. [PMID: 33340383 PMCID: PMC7610675 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202004735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Over more than 50 years, intermediate valence states in lanthanide compounds have often resulted in unexpected or puzzling spectroscopic and magnetic properties. Such experimental singularities could not be rationalised until new theoretical models involving multiconfigurational electronic ground states were established. In this minireview, the different singularities that have been observed among lanthanide complexes are highlighted, the models used to rationalise them are detailed and how such electronic effects may be adjusted depending on energy and symmetry considerations is considered. Understanding and tuning the ground-state multiconfigurational behaviour in lanthanide complexes may open new doors to modular and unusual reactivities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxime Tricoire
- LCM, CNRS, Ecole polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, Route de Saclay, 91128, Palaiseau, cedex, France
| | - Nolwenn Mahieu
- LCM, CNRS, Ecole polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, Route de Saclay, 91128, Palaiseau, cedex, France
| | - Thomas Simler
- LCM, CNRS, Ecole polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, Route de Saclay, 91128, Palaiseau, cedex, France
| | - Grégory Nocton
- LCM, CNRS, Ecole polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, Route de Saclay, 91128, Palaiseau, cedex, France
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42
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Shi K, Douair I, Feng G, Wang P, Zhao Y, Maron L, Zhu C. Heterometallic Clusters with Multiple Rare Earth Metal–Transition Metal Bonding. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:5998-6005. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c01771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kaiying Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Iskander Douair
- LPCNO, CNRS & INSA, Université Paul Sabatier, 135 Avenue de Rangueil, 31077 Toulouse, France
| | - Genfeng Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Penglong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yue Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Laurent Maron
- LPCNO, CNRS & INSA, Université Paul Sabatier, 135 Avenue de Rangueil, 31077 Toulouse, France
| | - Congqing Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
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43
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Herrero Álvarez N, Bauer D, Hernández-Gil J, Lewis JS. Recent Advances in Radiometals for Combined Imaging and Therapy in Cancer. ChemMedChem 2021; 16:2909-2941. [PMID: 33792195 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202100135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Nuclear medicine is defined as the use of radionuclides for diagnostic and therapeutic applications. The imaging modalities positron emission tomography (PET) and single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) are based on γ-emissions of specific energies. The therapeutic technologies are based on β- -particle-, α-particle-, and Auger electron emitters. In oncology, PET and SPECT are used to detect cancer lesions, to determine dosimetry, and to monitor therapy effectiveness. In contrast, radiotherapy is designed to irreparably damage tumor cells in order to eradicate or control the disease's progression. Radiometals are being explored for the development of diagnostic and therapeutic radiopharmaceuticals. Strategies that combine both modalities (diagnostic and therapeutic), referred to as theranostics, are promising candidates for clinical applications. This review provides an overview of the basic concepts behind therapeutic and diagnostic radiopharmaceuticals and their significance in contemporary oncology. Select radiometals that significantly impact current and upcoming cancer treatment strategies are grouped as clinically suitable theranostics pairs. The most important physical and chemical properties are discussed. Standard production methods and current radionuclide availability are provided to indicate whether a cost-efficient use in a clinical routine is feasible. Recent preclinical and clinical developments and outline perspectives for the radiometals are highlighted in each section.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Herrero Álvarez
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - David Bauer
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Javier Hernández-Gil
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY, 10065, USA.,Biomedical MRI/MoSAIC, Department of Imaging and Pathology, Katholieke Universiteit, Herestraat 49, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jason S Lewis
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY, 10065, USA.,Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medical College, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY, 10065, USA.,Department of Pharmacology, Weill-Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, 10065, USA
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44
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Kovacs D, Kocsi D, Wells JAL, Kiraev SR, Borbas KE. Electron transfer pathways in photoexcited lanthanide(iii) complexes of picolinate ligands. Dalton Trans 2021; 50:4244-4254. [PMID: 33688904 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt00616a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
A series of luminescent lanthanide(iii) complexes consisting of 1,4,7-triazacyclononane frameworks and three secondary amide-linked carbostyril antennae were synthesised. The metal binding sites were augmented with two pyridylcarboxylate donors yielding octadentate ligands. The antennae carried methyl, methoxymethyl or trifluoromethyl substituents in their 4-positions, allowing for a range of excited state energies and antenna electronic properties. The 1H NMR spectra of the Eu(iii) complexes were found to be analogous to each other. Similar results were obtained in the solid-state by single-crystal X-ray crystallography, which showed the structures to have nine-coordinate metal ions with heavily distorted tricapped trigonal prismatic geometries. Steady-state and time-resolved luminescence spectroscopy showed that the antennae could sensitize both Tb(iii) and Eu(iii), however, quantum yields were lower than in other octadentate complexes lacking pyridylcarboxylate. Complexes with more electron-poor pyridines were less emissive even when equipped with the same antenna. The oxidation and reduction potentials of the antennae and the pyridinecarboxylates, respectively, were determined by cyclic voltammetry. The obtained values were consistent with electron transfer from the excited antenna to the pyridine providing a previously unexplored quenching pathway that could efficiently compete with energy transfer to the lanthanide. These results show the crucial impact that photophysically innocent ligand binding sites can have on lanthanide luminescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Kovacs
- Department of Chemistry, Ångström Laboratory, Box 523, Uppsala University, 75120, Uppsala, Sweden.
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45
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Hay MA, Boskovic C. Lanthanoid Complexes as Molecular Materials: The Redox Approach. Chemistry 2021; 27:3608-3637. [PMID: 32965741 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202003761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The development of molecular materials with novel functionality offers promise for technological innovation. Switchable molecules that incorporate redox-active components are enticing candidate compounds due to their potential for electronic manipulation. Lanthanoid metals are most prevalent in their trivalent state and usually redox-activity in lanthanoid complexes is restricted to the ligand. The unique electronic and physical properties of lanthanoid ions have been exploited for various applications, including in magnetic and luminescent materials as well as in catalysis. Lanthanoid complexes are also promising for applications reliant on switchability, where the physical properties can be modulated by varying the oxidation state of a coordinated ligand. Lanthanoid-based redox activity is also possible, encompassing both divalent and tetravalent metal oxidation states. Thus, utilization of redox-active lanthanoid metals offers an attractive opportunity to further expand the capabilities of molecular materials. This review surveys both ligand and lanthanoid centered redox-activity in pre-existing molecular systems, including tuning of lanthanoid magnetic and photophysical properties by modulating the redox states of coordinated ligands. Ultimately the combination of redox-activity at both ligands and metal centers in the same molecule can afford novel electronic structures and physical properties, including multiconfigurational electronic states and valence tautomerism. Further targeted exploration of these features is clearly warranted, both to enhance understanding of the underlying fundamental chemistry, and for the generation of a potentially important new class of molecular material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moya A Hay
- School of Chemistry, University of Melbourne, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - Colette Boskovic
- School of Chemistry, University of Melbourne, Victoria, 3010, Australia
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46
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Wong KH, Cheung WM, Pham HL, So YM, Sung HHY, Williams ID, Leung WH. Oxidizing Cerium(IV) Alkoxide Complexes Supported by the Kläui Ligand [Co(η 5-C 5H 5){P(O)(OEt) 2} 3] -: Synthesis, Structure, and Redox Reactivity. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:2261-2270. [PMID: 33499604 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c03105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Tetravalent cerium alkoxide complexes supported by the Kläui tripodal ligand [Co(η5-C5H5){P(O)(OEt)2}3]- (LOEt-) have been synthesized, and their nucleophilic and redox reactivity have been studied. Treatment of the Ce(IV) oxo complex [CeIV(LOEt)2(O)(H2O)]·MeCONH2 (1) with iPrOH or reaction of [CeIV(LOEt)2Cl2] (2) with Ag2O in iPrOH afforded the Ce(IV) dialkoxide complex [CeIV(LOEt)2(OiPr)2] (3-iPr). The methoxide and ethoxide analogues [CeIV(LOEt)2(OR)2] (R = Me (3-Me), Et (3-Et)) have been prepared similarly from 2 and Ag2O in ROH. Reaction of 3-iPr with an equimolar amount of 2 yielded a new Ce(IV) complex that was formulated as the chloro-alkoxide complex [CeIV(LOEt)2(OiPr)Cl] (4). Treatment of 3-iPr with HX and methyl triflate (MeOTf) afforded [Ce(LOEt)2X2] (X- = Cl-, NO3-, PhO-) and [CeIV(LOEt)2(OTf)2], respectively, whereas treatment with excess CO2 in hexane led to isolation of the Ce(IV) carbonate [CeIV(LOEt)2(CO3)]. 3-iPr reacted with water in hexane to give a Ce(III) complex and a Ce(IV) species, presumably the reported tetranuclear oxo cluster [CeIV4(LOEt)4(O)5(OH)2]. The Ce(IV) alkoxide complexes are capable of oxidizing substituted phenols, possibly via a proton-coupled electron transfer pathway. Treatment of 3-iPr with ArOH afforded the Ce(III) aryloxide complexes [CeIII(LOEt)2(OAr)] (Ar = 2,4,6-tri-tert-butylphenyl (5), 2,6-diphenylphenyl (6)). On the other hand, a Ce(III) complex containing a monodeprotonated 2,2'-biphenol ligand, [CeIII(LOEt)2(tBu4C12H4O2H)] (7) (tBu4C12H4O2H2 = 4,4',6,6'-tetra-tert-butyl-2,2'-biphenol), was isolated from the reaction of 3-iPr with 2,4-di-tert-butylphenol. The crystal structures of complexes 3-iPr, 3-Me, 3-Et, and 5-7 have been determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai-Hong Wong
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, P. R. China
| | - Wai-Man Cheung
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, P. R. China
| | - Hoang-Long Pham
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, P. R. China
| | - Yat-Ming So
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, P. R. China
| | - Herman H-Y Sung
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, P. R. China
| | - Ian D Williams
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, P. R. China
| | - Wa-Hung Leung
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, P. R. China
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47
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Yang Q, Qiao Y, McSkimming A, Moreau LM, Cheisson T, Booth CH, Lapsheva E, Carroll PJ, Schelter EJ. A hydrolytically stable Ce( iv) complex of glutarimide-dioxime. Inorg Chem Front 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d0qi00969e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Glutarimide-dioxime, a proligand known for its strongly electron-donating properties that has been studied for applications in uranium-sequestration from seawater, is considered here for stabilization of the cerium(iv) cation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaomu Yang
- P. Roy and Diana T. Vagelos Laboratories
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Pennsylvania
- Philadelphia
- USA
| | - Yusen Qiao
- P. Roy and Diana T. Vagelos Laboratories
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Pennsylvania
- Philadelphia
- USA
| | - Alex McSkimming
- P. Roy and Diana T. Vagelos Laboratories
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Pennsylvania
- Philadelphia
- USA
| | - Liane M. Moreau
- Chemical Sciences Division
- Lawerence Berkeley National Laboratory
- Berkeley
- USA
| | - Thibault Cheisson
- P. Roy and Diana T. Vagelos Laboratories
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Pennsylvania
- Philadelphia
- USA
| | - Corwin H. Booth
- Chemical Sciences Division
- Lawerence Berkeley National Laboratory
- Berkeley
- USA
| | - Ekaterina Lapsheva
- P. Roy and Diana T. Vagelos Laboratories
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Pennsylvania
- Philadelphia
- USA
| | - Patrick J. Carroll
- P. Roy and Diana T. Vagelos Laboratories
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Pennsylvania
- Philadelphia
- USA
| | - Eric J. Schelter
- P. Roy and Diana T. Vagelos Laboratories
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Pennsylvania
- Philadelphia
- USA
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48
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Grieve ML, Paterson BM. The Evolving Coordination Chemistry of Radiometals for Targeted Alpha Therapy. Aust J Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1071/ch21184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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49
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Nagarajan P, Cole IS, Kuznetsov A, Manickam S. Facile synthesis of Tb-decorated graphene oxide: electrochemical stability, hydrogen storage, and corrosion inhibition of Mg AZ13 alloy in 3.5% NaCl medium. RSC Adv 2020; 11:662-670. [PMID: 35423666 PMCID: PMC8693361 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra08766a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Magnesium alloys have been broadly used due to their lightweight and high ductility. However, they are subject to corrosion which deteriorates their properties. To develop a novel corrosion inhibitor coating for Mg alloys, we performed functionalization of a graphene oxide (GO) matrix with Tb(iii) to improve the electrochemical behaviour and coating stability of a GO and Tb composite on the metal alloys in corrosive medium. The functionalized terbium GO material was characterized by microscopy, spectroscopy, and XRD techniques to confirm the non-covalent interactions on the active surface of the host material. The corrosion inhibition was found to be ca. 80% and electrochemical stability was observed to be high at a voltage of 900 mV. Computational studies also support the potential anti-corrosion applications of this material.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ivan S Cole
- Advanced Manufacturing and Fabrication, School of Engineering, RMIT University Melbourne VIC 3000 Australia
| | - Aleksey Kuznetsov
- Advanced Manufacturing and Fabrication, School of Engineering, RMIT University Melbourne VIC 3000 Australia
| | - Sivakumar Manickam
- Department of Chemistry, Universidad Técnica Federico Santa Maria Av. Santa Maria 6400 Vitacura Chile
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50
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Klamm BE, Windorff CJ, Celis-Barros C, Beltran-Leiva MJ, Sperling JM, Albrecht-Schönzart TE. Exploring the Oxidation States of Neptunium with Schiff Base Coordination Complexes. Inorg Chem 2020; 59:18035-18047. [PMID: 33238091 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c02455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
A pair of neptunium Schiff base coordination complexes, NpVIO2L(MeOH) and NpIVL2 {H2L = N,N'-bis[(4,4'-diethylamino)salicylidene]-1,2-phenylenediamine}, have been synthesized and analyzed by several characterization methods including single-crystal X-ray diffraction, electronic absorption, 1H NMR, cyclic voltammetry, and theoretical interpretation. Structural analysis reveals that NpVIO2L(MeOH) and NpIVL2 are isomorphous with the previously reported UVIO2L(MeOH) and MIVL2 (M = Pu, Ce, U, Th) complexes, respectively, allowing for a direct comparison across the series. The reduction of NpVIO2L(MeOH) in situ or direct synthesis from a (NpVO2)+ source shows evidence of a pentavalent neptunyl (NpVO2L)xn- species as determined by UV/vis/NIR and 1H NMR spectroscopy. The synthesis of (NpVO2L)xn- directly from a (NpVO2)+ starting material gives a similar spectrum. Theoretical analysis offers insight into the electronic structure for a better understanding of the bonding patterns and relative stability of the different oxidation states. Computational results show that the Np-L covalent interactions in NpIVL2 are similar to those in the NpVIO2L(MeOH) complex, indicating that neither the presence of the axial oxo ligands nor the oxidation state significantly modify the nature of the Np-L bonds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bonnie E Klamm
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, 95 Chieftan Way, Room 118 DLC, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, United States.,Chemistry Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87544, United States
| | - Cory J Windorff
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, 95 Chieftan Way, Room 118 DLC, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, United States
| | - Cristian Celis-Barros
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, 95 Chieftan Way, Room 118 DLC, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, United States
| | - Maria J Beltran-Leiva
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, 95 Chieftan Way, Room 118 DLC, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, United States
| | - Joseph M Sperling
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, 95 Chieftan Way, Room 118 DLC, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, United States
| | - Thomas E Albrecht-Schönzart
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, 95 Chieftan Way, Room 118 DLC, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, United States
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