1
|
Jagannathan JR, Ma Y, Curole BJ, Grayson SM, Fenton OS, Leibfarth FA. Regioselective Palladium-Catalyzed Chain-Growth Allylic Amination Polymerization of Vinyl Aziridines. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:15264-15274. [PMID: 38801413 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c02599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Organometallic-mediated chain growth polymerization of readily accessible chemical building blocks is responsible for important commercial and technological advances in polymer science, but the incorporation of heteroatoms into the polymer backbone through these mechanisms remains a challenge. Transition metal π-allyl complexes are well-developed organometallic intermediates for carbon-heteroatom bond formation in small-molecule catalysis yet remain underexplored in polymer science. Here, we developed a regioselective palladium-phosphoramidite-catalyzed chain-growth allylic amination polymerization of vinyl aziridines for the synthesis of novel nitrogen-rich polymers via ambiphilic π-allyl complexes. The polymerization accessed a linear microstructure with four carbons between each nitrogen, which is challenging to achieve through other chain-growth polymerization approaches. The highly regioselective allylic amination polymerization demonstrated the characteristics of a controlled polymerization and was able to achieve molar masses exceeding 20 kg mol-1 with low dispersities (D̵ < 1.3). The identification of the polymer structure and well-defined chain ends were supported by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry, and chain extension experiments demonstrate opportunities for building more complex materials from this method. A Hammett study was performed to understand the role of the catalyst and monomer structure on regioselectivity, and the data supported a mechanism wherein regioselectivity was primarily controlled by the ligand-metal complex. Postpolymerization desulfonylation provided access to a novel polyamine that demonstrated broad anticancer activity in vitro, which highlights the benefits of unlocking novel polyamine microstructures through regioselective chain-growth allylic amination polymerization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jake R Jagannathan
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Yutian Ma
- Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Brennan J Curole
- Department of Chemistry, Tulane University, 6400 Freret Street, 2015 Percival Stern Hall, New Orleans, Louisiana 70118, United States
| | - Scott M Grayson
- Department of Chemistry, Tulane University, 6400 Freret Street, 2015 Percival Stern Hall, New Orleans, Louisiana 70118, United States
| | - Owen S Fenton
- Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Frank A Leibfarth
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Lundberg DJ, Ko K, Kilgallon LJ, Johnson JA. Defining Reactivity-Deconstructability Relationships for Copolymerizations Involving Cleavable Comonomer Additives. ACS Macro Lett 2024; 13:521-527. [PMID: 38626454 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.4c00106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/18/2024]
Abstract
The incorporation of cleavable comonomers as additives into polymers can imbue traditional polymers with controlled deconstructability and expanded end-of-life options. The efficiency with which cleavable comonomer additives (CCAs) can enable deconstruction is sensitive to their local distribution within a copolymer backbone, which is dictated by their copolymerization behavior. While qualitative heuristics exist that describe deconstructability, comprehensive quantitative connections between CCA loadings, reactivity ratios, polymerization mechanisms, and deconstruction reactions on the deconstruction efficiency of copolymers containing CCAs have not been established. Here, we broadly define these relationships using stochastic simulations characterizing various polymerization mechanisms (e.g., coltrolled/living, free-radical, and reversible ring-opening polymerizations), reactivity ratio pairs (spanning 2 orders of magnitude between 0.01 and 100), CCA loadings (2.5% to 20%), and deconstruction reactions (e.g., comonomer sequence-dependent deconstruction behavior). We show general agreement between simulated and experimentally observed deconstruction fragment sizes from the literature, demonstrating the predictive power of the methods used herein. These results will guide the development of more efficient CCAs and inform the formulation of deconstructable materials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David J Lundberg
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Kwangwook Ko
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Landon J Kilgallon
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Jeremiah A Johnson
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Shi W, Qiao C, Benet-Buchholz J, Kleij AW. Catalytic Domino Three-Component Synthesis of Functionalized Heterocycles from Carbon Dioxide. CHEMSUSCHEM 2024; 17:e202301626. [PMID: 38109072 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202301626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
A catalytic domino, three-component reaction has been developed for the transformation of carbon dioxide into functionalized six-membered cyclic carbonates. The catalytic process combines an initial carboxylative cyclization of β-epoxy alcohols followed by an oxa-Michael reaction affording an unparalleled scope of heterocyclic structures. The wide range of functional groups, including free-alcohols, empowers the access to a range of products including C11-oxo-based bicyclic heterocycles. The versatility of these functionalized carbonates is further complemented by a series of synthetic diversifications. Control experiments are consistent with the first step of this domino process being promoted by a binary Lewis acid/base catalyst, while the second stage only requires catalytic base.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wangyu Shi
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), the Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Av. Països Catalans 16, 43007 -, Tarragona, Spain
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, C/Marcel⋅lí Domingo s/n, 43007, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Chang Qiao
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), the Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Av. Països Catalans 16, 43007 -, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Jordi Benet-Buchholz
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), the Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Av. Països Catalans 16, 43007 -, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Arjan W Kleij
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), the Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Av. Països Catalans 16, 43007 -, Tarragona, Spain
- Catalan Institute of Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), Pg. Lluís Companys 23, 08010, Barcelona, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Sun H, Ibrahim T, Ritacco A, Durkee K. Biomass-Derived Degradable Polymers via Alternating Ring-Opening Metathesis Polymerization of Exo-Oxanorbornenes and Cyclic Enol Ethers. ACS Macro Lett 2023; 12:1642-1647. [PMID: 37983535 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.3c00608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Degradable polymers made via ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP) hold tremendous promise as eco-friendly materials. However, most of the ROMP monomers are derived from petroleum resources, which are typically considered less sustainable compared to biomass. Herein, we present a synthetic strategy to degradable polymers by harnessing alternating ROMP of biomass-based cyclic olefin monomers including exo-oxanorbornenes and cyclic enol ethers. A library of well-defined poly(enol ether)s with modular structures, tunable glass transition temperatures, and controlled molecular weights was achieved, demonstrating the versatility of this approach. Most importantly, the resulting copolymers exhibit high degrees of alternation, rendering their backbones fully degradable under acidic conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hao Sun
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical & Biomedical Engineering, Tagliatela College of Engineering, University of New Haven, West Haven, Connecticut 06516, United States
| | - Tarek Ibrahim
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical & Biomedical Engineering, Tagliatela College of Engineering, University of New Haven, West Haven, Connecticut 06516, United States
| | - Angelo Ritacco
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical & Biomedical Engineering, Tagliatela College of Engineering, University of New Haven, West Haven, Connecticut 06516, United States
| | - Katie Durkee
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical & Biomedical Engineering, Tagliatela College of Engineering, University of New Haven, West Haven, Connecticut 06516, United States
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Pathan JR, Bhandary S, Sureshan KM. Two Structurally Different Polymers from a Single Monomer. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:22633-22638. [PMID: 37788217 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c07767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
We designed and synthesized a malonamide-derived monomer, containing azide and alkyne units, for topochemical polymerization to yield nylon (n,3). This monomer on crystallization gave two concomitant polymorphs M1 and M2. Both the polymorphs show crystal packings that are suitable for topochemical azide-alkyne cycloaddition polymerization. On heating, polymorph M1 reacts regiospecifically to give 1,4-disubstituted-1,2,3-triazolyl-linked polymer, whereas polymorph M2 yields 1,5-disubstituted-1,2,3-triazolyl-linked polymer regiospecifically. In the case of polymorph M1, polymerization proceeds perpendicular to the hydrogen bonding direction, whereas in M2, the reaction occurs along the hydrogen bonding direction. This results in the two structurally different polymers having distinct topologies. These single-crystal-to-single-crystal polymerizations allowed us to study their structure at atomic resolution by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. This is the first report on the topochemical synthesis of two structurally isomeric polymers from a single monomer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Javed R Pathan
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram, Vithura, Thiruvananthapuram 695551, India
| | - Subhrajyoti Bhandary
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram, Vithura, Thiruvananthapuram 695551, India
| | - Kana M Sureshan
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram, Vithura, Thiruvananthapuram 695551, India
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Kempel S, Hsu TW, Nicholson JL, Michaudel Q. cis-Selective Acyclic Diene Metathesis Polymerization of α, ω-Dienes. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:12459-12464. [PMID: 37255463 PMCID: PMC10330887 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c03978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The cis/trans stereochemistry of repeating alkenes in polymers provides a powerful handle to modulate the thermal and mechanical properties of these soft materials, but synthetic methods to precisely dictate this parameter remain scarce. We report herein a cis-selective acyclic diene metathesis (ADMET) polymerization of readily available α,ω-diene monomers with high functional group tolerance. Identification of a highly stereoselective cyclometalated Ru catalyst allowed the synthesis of a broad array of polymers with cis contents up to 99%. This platform was leveraged to study the impact of the cis geometry on the thermal and mechanical properties of polyalkenamers, including an ABA triblock copolymer synthesized via extension of a cis-rich telechelic polyoctenamer with d,l-lactide. These results suggest that cis-selective ADMET affords an efficient strategy to tune the properties of a variety of polymers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samuel
J. Kempel
- Department
of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Ting-Wei Hsu
- Department
of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Jake L. Nicholson
- Department
of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Quentin Michaudel
- Department
of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
- Department
of Materials Science & Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Liang Y, Sullivan HL, Carrow K, Mesfin JM, Korpanty J, Worthington K, Luo C, Christman KL, Gianneschi NC. Inflammation-Responsive Micellar Nanoparticles from Degradable Polyphosphoramidates for Targeted Delivery to Myocardial Infarction. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:11185-11194. [PMID: 37184379 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c01054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Nanoparticles that undergo a localized morphology change to target areas of inflammation have been previously developed but are limited by their lack of biodegradability. In this paper, we describe a low-ring-strain cyclic olefin monomer, 1,3-dimethyl-2-phenoxy-1,3,4,7-tetrahydro-1,3,2-diazaphosphepine 2-oxide (MePTDO), that rapidly polymerizes via ring-opening metathesis polymerization at room temperature to generate well-defined degradable polyphosphoramidates with high monomer conversion (>84%). Efficient MePTDO copolymerizations with norbornene-based monomers are demonstrated, including a norbornenyl monomer functionalized with a peptide substrate for inflammation-associated matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). The resulting amphiphilic peptide brush copolymers self-assembled in aqueous solution to generate micellar nanoparticles (30 nm in diameter) which exhibit excellent cyto- and hemocompatibility and undergo MMP-induced assembly into micron-scale aggregates. As MMPs are upregulated in the heart postmyocardial infarction (MI), the MMP-responsive micelles were applied to target and accumulate in the infarcted heart following intravenous administration in a rat model of MI. These particles displayed a distinct biodistribution and clearance pattern in comparison to nondegradable analogues. Specifically, accumulation at the site of MI competed with elimination predominantly through the kidney rather than the liver. Together, these results suggest this as a promising new biodegradable platform for inflammation targeted delivery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yifei Liang
- Department of Chemistry, International Institute for Nanotechnology, Simpson-Querrey Institute, Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Holly L Sullivan
- Shu Chien-Gene Lay Department of Bioengineering and the Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Kendal Carrow
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois 60611, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Joshua M Mesfin
- Shu Chien-Gene Lay Department of Bioengineering and the Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Joanna Korpanty
- Department of Chemistry, International Institute for Nanotechnology, Simpson-Querrey Institute, Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Kendra Worthington
- Shu Chien-Gene Lay Department of Bioengineering and the Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Colin Luo
- Shu Chien-Gene Lay Department of Bioengineering and the Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Karen L Christman
- Shu Chien-Gene Lay Department of Bioengineering and the Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Nathan C Gianneschi
- Department of Chemistry, International Institute for Nanotechnology, Simpson-Querrey Institute, Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Xu J, Hadjichristidis N. Heteroatom-containing degradable polymers by ring-opening metathesis polymerization. Prog Polym Sci 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2023.101656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2023]
|
9
|
Palenzuela M, Sarisuta K, Navarro M, Kumamoto N, Chanthaset N, Monot J, Ajiro H, Martín-Vaca B, Bourissou D. 5-Methylene-1,3-dioxane-2-one: A First-Choice Comonomer for Trimethylene Carbonate. Macromolecules 2023. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c02270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Palenzuela
- Laboratoire Hétérochimie Fondamentale et Appliquée (UMR 5069), CNRS, Université de Toulouse (UPS), 118 route de Narbonne, F-31062 Toulouse, France
| | - Kamolchanok Sarisuta
- Laboratoire Hétérochimie Fondamentale et Appliquée (UMR 5069), CNRS, Université de Toulouse (UPS), 118 route de Narbonne, F-31062 Toulouse, France
- Graduate School of Materials Science and Data Science Center, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
| | - Marta Navarro
- Laboratoire Hétérochimie Fondamentale et Appliquée (UMR 5069), CNRS, Université de Toulouse (UPS), 118 route de Narbonne, F-31062 Toulouse, France
| | - Narumi Kumamoto
- Laboratoire Hétérochimie Fondamentale et Appliquée (UMR 5069), CNRS, Université de Toulouse (UPS), 118 route de Narbonne, F-31062 Toulouse, France
- Graduate School of Materials Science and Data Science Center, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
| | - Nalinthip Chanthaset
- Graduate School of Materials Science and Data Science Center, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
| | - Julien Monot
- Laboratoire Hétérochimie Fondamentale et Appliquée (UMR 5069), CNRS, Université de Toulouse (UPS), 118 route de Narbonne, F-31062 Toulouse, France
| | - Hiroharu Ajiro
- Graduate School of Materials Science and Data Science Center, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
| | - Blanca Martín-Vaca
- Laboratoire Hétérochimie Fondamentale et Appliquée (UMR 5069), CNRS, Université de Toulouse (UPS), 118 route de Narbonne, F-31062 Toulouse, France
| | - Didier Bourissou
- Laboratoire Hétérochimie Fondamentale et Appliquée (UMR 5069), CNRS, Université de Toulouse (UPS), 118 route de Narbonne, F-31062 Toulouse, France
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Hsu TW, Kempel SJ, Felix Thayne AP, Michaudel Q. Stereocontrolled acyclic diene metathesis polymerization. Nat Chem 2023; 15:14-20. [PMID: 36280767 PMCID: PMC10284023 DOI: 10.1038/s41557-022-01060-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The cis/trans geometry of olefins is known to dramatically influence the thermal and mechanical properties of polyalkenamers. Yet, polymerization methods that efficiently control this parameter are scarce. Here we report the development of a stereoretentive acyclic diene metathesis polymerization that uses the reactivity of dithiolate Ru carbenes combined with cis monomers. These Ru catalysts exhibit exquisite retention of the cis geometry and tolerate many polar functional groups, enabling the synthesis of all-cis polyesters, polycarbonates, polyethers and polysulfites. The stereoretentive acyclic diene metathesis polymerization is also characterized by low catalyst loadings and tolerance towards trans impurities in the monomer batch, which should facilitate large-scale implementation. Modulation of the reaction temperature and time leads to an erosion of stereoretention, permitting a stereocontrolled synthesis of polyalkenamers with predictable cis:trans ratios. The impact of the stereochemistry of the repeating alkenes on the thermal properties is clearly demonstrated through differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetric analysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ting-Wei Hsu
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Samuel J Kempel
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | | | - Quentin Michaudel
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA.
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Wu YC, Fan HZ, Zhang W, Wang MY, Cai Z, Zhu JB. Biobased Bifunctional Monomers toward Functionalizable Polycarbonates and Poly(cyclic olefin)s with Tunable Properties. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c01754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Chen Wu
- National Engineering Laboratory of Eco-Friendly Polymeric Materials (Sichuan), College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Rd, Chengdu 610064, P. R. China
| | - Hua-Zhong Fan
- National Engineering Laboratory of Eco-Friendly Polymeric Materials (Sichuan), College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Rd, Chengdu 610064, P. R. China
| | - Wei Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory of Eco-Friendly Polymeric Materials (Sichuan), College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Rd, Chengdu 610064, P. R. China
| | - Meng-Yuan Wang
- National Engineering Laboratory of Eco-Friendly Polymeric Materials (Sichuan), College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Rd, Chengdu 610064, P. R. China
| | - Zhongzheng Cai
- National Engineering Laboratory of Eco-Friendly Polymeric Materials (Sichuan), College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Rd, Chengdu 610064, P. R. China
| | - Jian-Bo Zhu
- National Engineering Laboratory of Eco-Friendly Polymeric Materials (Sichuan), College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Rd, Chengdu 610064, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Qiao C, Shi W, Brandolese A, Benet-Buchholz J, Escudero-Adán EC, Kleij AW. A Novel Catalytic Route to Polymerizable Bicyclic Cyclic Carbonate Monomers from Carbon Dioxide. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202205053. [PMID: 35441777 PMCID: PMC9323429 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202205053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
A new catalytic route has been developed for the coupling of epoxides and CO2 affording polymerizable six-membered bicyclic carbonates. Cyclic epoxides equipped with a β-positioned OH group can be transformed into structurally diverse bicyclic cyclic carbonates in good yields and with high selectivity. Key to the chemo-selectivity is the difference between the reactivity of syn- and anti-configured epoxy alcohols, with the latter leading to six-membered ring carbonate formation in the presence of a binary AlIII aminotriphenolate complex/DIPEA catalyst. X-ray analyses show that the conversion of the syn-configured substrate evolves via a standard double inversion pathway providing a five-membered carbonate product, whereas the anti-isomer allows for activation of the oxirane unit of the substrate opposite to the pendent alcohol. The potential use of these bicyclic products is shown in ring-opening polymerization offering access to rigid polycarbonates with improved thermal resistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chang Qiao
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), the Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Av. Països Catalans 16, 43007, Tarragona, Spain.,Universitat Rovira i Virgili, C/Marcel ⋅ lí Domingo s/n, 43007, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Wangyu Shi
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), the Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Av. Països Catalans 16, 43007, Tarragona, Spain.,Universitat Rovira i Virgili, C/Marcel ⋅ lí Domingo s/n, 43007, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Arianna Brandolese
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), the Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Av. Països Catalans 16, 43007, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Jordi Benet-Buchholz
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), the Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Av. Països Catalans 16, 43007, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Eduardo C Escudero-Adán
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), the Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Av. Països Catalans 16, 43007, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Arjan W Kleij
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), the Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Av. Països Catalans 16, 43007, Tarragona, Spain.,Catalan Institute of Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), Pg. Lluís Companys 23, 08010, Barcelona, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Sample CS, Kellstedt EA, Hillmyer MA. Tandem ROMP/Hydrogenation Approach to Hydroxy-Telechelic Linear Polyethylene. ACS Macro Lett 2022; 11:608-614. [PMID: 35570818 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.2c00144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Hydroxy-telechelic polyalkenamers have long been synthesized using ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP) in the presence of an acyclic olefin chain-transfer agent (CTA); however, this route typically requires protected diols in the CTA due to the challenge of alcohol-mediated degradation of ruthenium metathesis catalysts that can not only deactivate the catalysts, but also compromise the CTA. We demonstrate the synthesis and implementation of a new hydroxyl-containing CTA in which extended methylene spacers isolate the olefin and alcohol moieties to mitigate decomposition pathways. This CTA enabled the direct ROMP synthesis of hydroxy-telechelic polycyclooctene with controlled chain lengths dictated by the initial ratio of monomer to CTA. The elimination of protection/deprotection steps resulted in improved atom economy. Subsequent hydrogenation of the backbone olefins was performed by a one-pot, catalytic approach employing the ruthenium complex used for the initial ROMP. The resultant approach is a streamlined, atom-economic, and low-waste route to hydroxy-telechelic linear polyethylene that uses a green solvent, succeeds with miniscule quantities of catalyst (0.005 mol %), and requires no additional purification steps.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Caitlin S. Sample
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455-0431, United States
| | - Elizabeth A. Kellstedt
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455-0431, United States
| | - Marc A. Hillmyer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455-0431, United States
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Qiao C, Shi W, Brandolese A, Benet‐Buchholz J, Escudero‐Adán EC, Kleij AW. A Novel Catalytic Route to Polymerizable Bicyclic Cyclic Carbonate Monomers from Carbon Dioxide. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202205053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chang Qiao
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ) the Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology Av. Països Catalans 16 43007 Tarragona Spain
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili C/Marcel ⋅ lí Domingo s/n 43007 Tarragona Spain
| | - Wangyu Shi
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ) the Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology Av. Països Catalans 16 43007 Tarragona Spain
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili C/Marcel ⋅ lí Domingo s/n 43007 Tarragona Spain
| | - Arianna Brandolese
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ) the Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology Av. Països Catalans 16 43007 Tarragona Spain
| | - Jordi Benet‐Buchholz
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ) the Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology Av. Països Catalans 16 43007 Tarragona Spain
| | - Eduardo C. Escudero‐Adán
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ) the Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology Av. Països Catalans 16 43007 Tarragona Spain
| | - Arjan W. Kleij
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ) the Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology Av. Països Catalans 16 43007 Tarragona Spain
- Catalan Institute of Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA) Pg. Lluís Companys 23 08010 Barcelona Spain
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Hedrick JL, Piunova V, Park NH, Erdmann T, Arrechea PL. Simple and Efficient Synthesis of Functionalized Cyclic Carbonate Monomers Using Carbon Dioxide. ACS Macro Lett 2022; 11:368-375. [PMID: 35575375 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.2c00060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Aliphatic polycarbonates represent an important class of materials with diverse applications ranging from battery electrolytes, polyurethane intermediates, and materials for biomedical applications. These materials can be produced via the ring-opening polymerization (ROP) of six- to eight-membered cyclic carbonates derived from precursor 1,3- and 1,5-diols. These diols can contain a range of functional groups depending on the desired thermal, mechanical, and solution properties. Generally, the ring closure to form the cyclic carbonate requires the use of undesirable and hazardous reagents. Advances in synthetic methodologies and catalysis have enabled the use of carbon dioxide (CO2) to perform these transformations with a high conversion of diol to cyclic carbonate, yet modest isolated yields due to oligomerization side reactions. In this Letter, we evaluate a series of bases in the presence of p-toluenesulfonyl chloride and the appropriate diol to better understand their effect on the yield and presence of oligomer byproducts during cyclic carbonate formation from CO2. From this study, N,N-tetramethylethylenediamine (TMEDA) was identified as an optimal base, facilitating the preparation of a diverse array of both six- and eight-membered carbonates from CO2 within 10 to 15 min. The robust conditions for both, the preparation of the diol precursor, and the TMEDA-mediated carbonate synthesis enabled readily telescoping the two-step reaction sequence, greatly simplifying the process of monomer preparation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- James L. Hedrick
- IBM Almaden Research Center, 650 Harry Road, San Jose, California 95120, United States
| | - Victoria Piunova
- IBM Almaden Research Center, 650 Harry Road, San Jose, California 95120, United States
| | - Nathaniel H. Park
- IBM Almaden Research Center, 650 Harry Road, San Jose, California 95120, United States
| | - Tim Erdmann
- IBM Almaden Research Center, 650 Harry Road, San Jose, California 95120, United States
| | - Pedro L. Arrechea
- IBM Almaden Research Center, 650 Harry Road, San Jose, California 95120, United States
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Zhang W, Dai J, Wu YC, Chen JX, Shan SY, Cai Z, Zhu JB. Highly Reactive Cyclic Carbonates with a Fused Ring toward Functionalizable and Recyclable Polycarbonates. ACS Macro Lett 2022; 11:173-178. [PMID: 35574765 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.1c00653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Monomer design plays an important role in the development of polymers with desired thermal properties and chemical recyclability. Here we prepared a class of seven-membered ring carbonates containing trans-cyclohexyl fused rings. These monomers showed excellent activity for ring-opening polymerization (ROP) with turnover frequency (TOF) up to 6 × 105 h-1 and catalyst loading down to 50 ppm, which yielded high-molecular-weight polycarbonates (Mn up to 673 kg/mol) with great thermostability (Td > 300 °C). Ultimately, the resulting polycarbonates can completely depolymerize into their corresponding cyclic dimers that can repolymerize to synthesize the starting polymers in moderate yields, demonstrating a potential route to achieve chemical recycling. Postfunctionalization of the unsaturated polycarbonate was conducted through cross-linking reaction and "click" reaction under UV irradiation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory of Eco-Friendly Polymeric Materials (Sichuan), College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu 610064, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiang Dai
- National Engineering Laboratory of Eco-Friendly Polymeric Materials (Sichuan), College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu 610064, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yan-Chen Wu
- National Engineering Laboratory of Eco-Friendly Polymeric Materials (Sichuan), College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu 610064, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jia-Xuan Chen
- National Engineering Laboratory of Eco-Friendly Polymeric Materials (Sichuan), College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu 610064, People’s Republic of China
| | - Si-Yi Shan
- National Engineering Laboratory of Eco-Friendly Polymeric Materials (Sichuan), College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu 610064, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhongzheng Cai
- National Engineering Laboratory of Eco-Friendly Polymeric Materials (Sichuan), College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu 610064, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jian-Bo Zhu
- National Engineering Laboratory of Eco-Friendly Polymeric Materials (Sichuan), College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu 610064, People’s Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, People’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Li X, Villar-Yanez A, Ngassam Tounzoua C, Benet-Buchholz J, Grignard B, Bo C, Detrembleur C, Kleij AW. Cascade Transformation of Carbon Dioxide and Alkyne-1,n-diols into Densely Substituted Cyclic Carbonates. ACS Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.1c05773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xuetong Li
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Avinguda dels Països Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Alba Villar-Yanez
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Avinguda dels Països Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
- Departament de Química Física i Inorgánica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Marcel·lí Domingo s/n, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Charlene Ngassam Tounzoua
- Center for Education and Research on Macromolecules (CERM), CESAM Research Unit, University of Liege, Allée de la Chimie, B6a, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Jordi Benet-Buchholz
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Avinguda dels Països Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Bruno Grignard
- Center for Education and Research on Macromolecules (CERM), CESAM Research Unit, University of Liege, Allée de la Chimie, B6a, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Carles Bo
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Avinguda dels Països Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
- Departament de Química Física i Inorgánica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Marcel·lí Domingo s/n, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Christophe Detrembleur
- Center for Education and Research on Macromolecules (CERM), CESAM Research Unit, University of Liege, Allée de la Chimie, B6a, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Arjan W. Kleij
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Avinguda dels Països Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
- Catalan Institute of Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), Passeig de Lluís Companys 23, 08010 Barcelona, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
ROMP of norbornene and oxanorbornene derivatives with pendant fluorophore carbazole and coumarin groups. Eur Polym J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2022.111065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
19
|
Shi C, Clarke RW, McGraw ML, Chen EYX. Closing the "One Monomer-Two Polymers-One Monomer" Loop via Orthogonal (De)polymerization of a Lactone/Olefin Hybrid. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:2264-2275. [PMID: 35084829 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c12278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Two well-known low-ceiling-temperature (LCT) monomers, γ-butyrolactone (γ-BL) toward ring-opening polymerization (ROP) to polyester and cyclohexene toward ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP) to poly(cyclic olefin), are notoriously "nonpolymerizable". Here we present a strategy to render not only polymerizability of both the γ-BL and cyclohexene sites, orthogonally, but also complete and orthogonal depolymerization, through creating an LCT/LCT hybrid, bicyclic lactone/olefin (BiL=). This hybrid monomer undergoes orthogonal polymerization between ROP and ROMP, depending on the catalyst employed, affording two totally different classes of polymeric materials from this single monomer: polyester P(BiL=)ROP via ROP and functionalized poly(cyclic olefin) P(BiL=)ROMP via ROMP. Intriguingly, both P(BiL=)ROP and P(BiL=)ROMP are thermally robust but chemically recyclable under mild conditions (25-40 °C), in the presence of a catalyst, to recover cleanly the same monomer via chain unzipping and scission, respectively. In the ROP, topological and stereochemical controls have been achieved and the structures characterized. Furthermore, the intact functional group during the orthogonal polymerization (i.e., the double bond in ROP and the lactone in ROMP) is utilized for postfunctionalization for tuning materials' thermal and mechanical performances. The impressive depolymerization orthogonality further endows selective depolymerization of both the ROP/ROMP copolymer and the physical blend composites into the same starting monomer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Changxia Shi
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523-1872, United States
| | - Ryan W Clarke
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523-1872, United States
| | - Michael L McGraw
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523-1872, United States
| | - Eugene Y-X Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523-1872, United States
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Huang J, Olsén P, Svensson Grape E, Inge AK, Odelius K. Simple Approach to Macrocyclic Carbonates with Fast Polymerization Rates and Their Polymer-to-Monomer Regeneration. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c02225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jin Huang
- Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 10044 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Peter Olsén
- Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 10044 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Erik Svensson Grape
- Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Stockholm University, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - A. Ken Inge
- Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Stockholm University, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Karin Odelius
- Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 10044 Stockholm, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Functional CO2 based heterocycles as precursors in organic synthesis. ADVANCES IN CATALYSIS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.acat.2022.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
|
22
|
Ditzler RAJ, Zhukhovitskiy AV. Sigmatropic Rearrangements of Polymer Backbones: Vinyl Polymers from Polyesters in One Step. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:20326-20331. [PMID: 34809424 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c09657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Polymer modification is a fundamental scientific challenge, as a means of both upcycling plastics and extracting a stimulus response from them. To date, the overwhelming majority of polymer modifications has focused on the polymer periphery. Herein, we demonstrate nearly quantitative, scission-free modification of polymer backbones, namely, a metamorphosis of polyesters into vinyl polymers resembling commodity materials via the Ireland-Claisen sigmatropic rearrangement. The glass transition temperature (Tg) and thermal stability of the polyesters undergo dramatic changes post-transformation. Beyond polymer modification, our work advances the application of retrosynthetic analysis in polymer synthesis; the nontraditional production of vinyl polymers from lactones opens the door to a slew of previously inaccessible materials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rachael A J Ditzler
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Aleksandr V Zhukhovitskiy
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Abstract
The development of degradable polymers has commanded significant attention over the past half century. Approaches have predominantly relied on ring-opening polymerization of cyclic esters (e.g., lactones, lactides) and N-carboxyanhydrides, as well as radical ring-opening polymerizations of cyclic ketene acetals. In recent years, there has been a significant effort applied to expand the family of degradable polymers accessible via olefin metathesis polymerization. Given the excellent functional group tolerance of olefin metathesis polymerization reactions generally, a broad range of conceivable degradable moieties can be incorporated into appropriate monomers and thus into polymer backbones. This approach has proven particularly versatile in synthesizing a broad spectrum of degradable polymers including poly(ester), poly(amino acid), poly(acetal), poly(carbonate), poly(phosphoester), poly(phosphoramidate), poly(enol ether), poly(azobenzene), poly(disulfide), poly(sulfonate ester), poly(silyl ether), and poly(oxazinone) among others. In this review, we will highlight the main olefin metathesis polymerization strategies that have been used to access degradable polymers, including (i) acyclic diene metathesis polymerization, (ii) entropy-driven and (iii) enthalpy-driven ring-opening metathesis polymerization, as well as (iv) cascade enyne metathesis polymerization. In addition, the livingness or control of polymerization reactions via different strategies are highlighted and compared. Potential applications, challenges and future perspectives of this new library of degradable polyolefins are discussed. It is clear from recent and accelerating developments in this field that olefin metathesis polymerization represents a powerful synthetic tool towards degradable polymers with novel structures and properties inaccessible by other polymerization approaches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hao Sun
- Department of Chemistry, International Institute for
Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Yifei Liang
- Department of Chemistry, International Institute for
Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Matthew P. Thompson
- Department of Chemistry, International Institute for
Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Nathan C. Gianneschi
- Department of Chemistry, International Institute for
Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering,
Department of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Pharmacology, Chemistry of Life
Processes Institute, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Li J, Wang M, Liu Y, Ren W, Lu X. Photoinduced Reversible Semicrystalline‐to‐Amorphous State Transitions of Stereoregular Azopolyesters. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202104750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Li
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals Dalian University of Technology 2 Linggong Road Dalian 116024 China
| | - Meng‐Wie Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals Dalian University of Technology 2 Linggong Road Dalian 116024 China
| | - Ye Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals Dalian University of Technology 2 Linggong Road Dalian 116024 China
| | - Wei‐Min Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals Dalian University of Technology 2 Linggong Road Dalian 116024 China
| | - Xiao‐Bing Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals Dalian University of Technology 2 Linggong Road Dalian 116024 China
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Li J, Wang MW, Liu Y, Ren WM, Lu XB. Photoinduced Reversible Semicrystalline-to-Amorphous State Transitions of Stereoregular Azopolyesters. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:17898-17903. [PMID: 34129266 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202104750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
We report the synthesis of isotactic azobenzene-based polyesters (azopolyesters) with main-chain chirality via highly enantioselective resolution copolymerization of racemic azobenzene-containing epoxides with cyclic anhydrides. All polyesters with trans-azobenzene moieties were found to be semicrystalline materials with melting temperatures of 153-231 °C, while the corresponding isotactic cis-azopolyesters were amorphous. The azobenzene groups in the copolymers exhibited reversible trans-to-cis and cis-to-trans photoisomerization upon irradiation with light. This demonstrates that the crystallinity of isotactic azopolyesters can be manipulated via photoinduced reversible isomerization. In addition, mixing isotactic trans-polyesters with different enantiomeric configurations in a 1:1 mass ratio afforded crystalline stereocomplexes for which the crystalline behavior differed significantly from those of the component enantiomer. Also, photoinduced reversible transitions between semicrystalline and amorphous states were observed in various stereocomplexes of isotactic trans-azopolyesters, similar to the isotactic azopolyesters themselves.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Li
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Meng-Wie Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Ye Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Wei-Min Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Xiao-Bing Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Dalian, 116024, China
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Deacy A, Gregory GL, Sulley GS, Chen TTD, Williams CK. Sequence Control from Mixtures: Switchable Polymerization Catalysis and Future Materials Applications. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:10021-10040. [PMID: 34190553 PMCID: PMC8297863 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c03250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
There is an ever-increasing demand for higher-performing polymeric materials counterbalanced by the need for sustainability throughout the life cycle. Copolymers comprising ester, carbonate, or ether linkages could fulfill some of this demand as their monomer-polymer chemistry is closer to equilibrium, facilitating (bio)degradation and recycling; many monomers are or could be sourced from renewables or waste. Here, an efficient and broadly applicable route to make such copolymers is discussed, a form of switchable polymerization catalysis which exploits a single catalyst, switched between different catalytic cycles, to prepare block sequence selective copolymers from monomer mixtures. This perspective presents the principles of this catalysis, catalyst design criteria, the selectivity and structural copolymer characterization tools, and the properties of the resulting copolymers. Uses as thermoplastic elastomers, toughened plastics, adhesives, and self-assembled nanostructures, and for programmed degradation, among others, are discussed. The state-of-the-art research into both catalysis and products, as well as future challenges and directions, are presented.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Gregory S. Sulley
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, U.K.
| | - Thomas T. D. Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, U.K.
| | - Charlotte K. Williams
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, U.K.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Maquilón C, Della Monica F, Limburg B, Kleij AW. Photocatalytic Synthesis of Substituted Cyclic Carbonate Monomers for Ring‐Opening Polymerization. Adv Synth Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202100654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Maquilón
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ) the Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology Av. Països Catalans 16 43007 - Tarragona Spain
| | - Francesco Della Monica
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ) the Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology Av. Països Catalans 16 43007 - Tarragona Spain
| | - Bart Limburg
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ) the Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology Av. Països Catalans 16 43007 - Tarragona Spain
| | - Arjan W. Kleij
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ) the Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology Av. Països Catalans 16 43007 - Tarragona Spain
- Catalan Institute of Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA) Pg. Lluís Companys 23 08010 Barcelona Spain
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
|
29
|
Liang Y, Sun H, Cao W, Thompson MP, Gianneschi NC. Degradable Polyphosphoramidate via Ring-Opening Metathesis Polymerization. ACS Macro Lett 2020; 9:1417-1422. [PMID: 35653670 PMCID: PMC11042488 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.0c00401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
We report the synthesis of a degradable polyphosphoramidate via ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP) with the Grubbs initiator (IMesH2)(C5H5N)2(Cl)2Ru═CHPh. Controlled ROMP of a low ring strain diazaphosphepine-based cyclic olefin was achieved at low temperatures to afford well-defined polymers that readily undergo degradation in acidic conditions via the cleavage of the acid-labile phosphoramidate linkages. The diazaphosphepine monomer was compatible in random and block copolymerizations with phenyl and oligo(ethylene glycol) bearing norbornenes. This approach introduced partial or complete degradability into the polymer backbones. With this chemistry, we accessed amphiphilic poly(diazaphosphepine-norbornene) copolymers that could be used to prepare micellar nanoparticles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yifei Liang
- Department of Chemistry, International Institute for Nanotechnology, Simpson-Querrey Institute, Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Lurie Cancer Center, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Hao Sun
- Department of Chemistry, International Institute for Nanotechnology, Simpson-Querrey Institute, Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Lurie Cancer Center, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Departments of Biomedical Engineering, Materials Science and Engineering, and Pharmacology, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Wei Cao
- Department of Chemistry, International Institute for Nanotechnology, Simpson-Querrey Institute, Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Lurie Cancer Center, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Departments of Biomedical Engineering, Materials Science and Engineering, and Pharmacology, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Matthew P Thompson
- Department of Chemistry, International Institute for Nanotechnology, Simpson-Querrey Institute, Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Lurie Cancer Center, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Departments of Biomedical Engineering, Materials Science and Engineering, and Pharmacology, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Nathan C Gianneschi
- Department of Chemistry, International Institute for Nanotechnology, Simpson-Querrey Institute, Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Lurie Cancer Center, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Departments of Biomedical Engineering, Materials Science and Engineering, and Pharmacology, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Wan ZQ, Ren WM, Yang S, Li MR, Gu GG, Lu XB. Reversible Transformation between Amorphous and Crystalline States of Unsaturated Polyesters by Cis-Trans Isomerization. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:17636-17640. [PMID: 31595601 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201910369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Revised: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
An aliphatic polyester has been prepared from ethylene oxide and maleic anhydride that undergoes reversible transformation between amorphous (Tg =18 °C) and crystalline (Tm =124 °C) states through cis-trans isomerization of the C=C bonds in the polymer backbone without any change in either the molecular weight or dispersity of the polymer. A similar transformation was also observed in chiral unsaturated polyesters formed from enantiopure terminal epoxides, such as epichlorohydrin, phenyl glycidyl ether, and (2,3-epoxypropyl)benzene. These unsaturated polyesters with 100 % E-configuration in the crystalline state were prepared by quantitative isomerization of their Z-configuration analogues in the presence of a catalytic amount of diethylamine, while in the presence of benzophenone, irradiation with 365 nm UV light resulted in the transformation of about 30 % trans-alkene to cis-maleate form, thereby affording amorphous polyesters.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhao-Qian Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, P. R. China
| | - Wei-Min Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, P. R. China
| | - Shuai Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, P. R. China
| | - Ming-Ran Li
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, P. R. China
| | - Ge-Ge Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Bing Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Wan Z, Ren W, Yang S, Li M, Gu G, Lu X. Reversible Transformation between Amorphous and Crystalline States of Unsaturated Polyesters by
Cis
–
Trans
Isomerization. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201910369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhao‐Qian Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Fine ChemicalsDalian University of Technology Dalian 116024 P. R. China
| | - Wei‐Min Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Fine ChemicalsDalian University of Technology Dalian 116024 P. R. China
| | - Shuai Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine ChemicalsDalian University of Technology Dalian 116024 P. R. China
| | - Ming‐Ran Li
- State Key Laboratory of Fine ChemicalsDalian University of Technology Dalian 116024 P. R. China
| | - Ge‐Ge Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine ChemicalsDalian University of Technology Dalian 116024 P. R. China
| | - Xiao‐Bing Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine ChemicalsDalian University of Technology Dalian 116024 P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|