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Wu L, Li Y, Liu GQ, Yu SH. Polytypic metal chalcogenide nanocrystals. Chem Soc Rev 2024. [PMID: 39212091 DOI: 10.1039/d3cs01095c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
By engineering chemically identical but structurally distinct materials into intricate and sophisticated polytypic nanostructures, which often surpass their pure phase objects and even produce novel physical and chemical properties, exciting applications in the fields of photovoltaics, electronics and photocatalysis can be achieved. In recent decades, various methods have been developed for synthesizing a library of polytypic nanocrystals encompassing IV, III-V and II-VI polytypic semiconductors. The exceptional performances of polytypic metal chalcogenide nanocrystals have been observed, making them highly promising candidates for applications in photonics and electronics. However, achieving high-precision control over the morphology, composition, crystal structure, size, homojunctions, and periodicity of polytypic metal chalcogenide nanostructures remains a significant synthetic challenge. This review article offers a comprehensive overview of recent progress in the synthesis and control of polytypic metal chalcogenide nanocrystals using colloidal synthetic strategies. Starting from a concise introduction on the crystal structures of metal chalcogenides, the subsequent discussion delves into the colloidal synthesis of polytypic metal chalcogenide nanocrystals, followed by an in-depth exploration of the key factors governing polytypic structure construction. Subsequently, we provide comprehensive insights into the physical properties of polytypic metal chalcogenide nanocrystals, which exhibit strong correlations with their applications. Thereafter, we emphasize the significance of polytypic nanostructures in various applications, such as photovoltaics, photocatalysis, transistors, thermoelectrics, stress sensors, and the electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution. Finally, we present a summary of the recent advancements in this research field and provide insightful perspectives on the forthcoming challenges, opportunities, and future research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Wu
- Department of Chemistry, New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, Institute of Biomimetic Materials & Chemistry, Division of Nanomaterials & Chemistry, Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China.
| | - Yi Li
- Department of Chemistry, New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, Institute of Biomimetic Materials & Chemistry, Division of Nanomaterials & Chemistry, Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China.
| | - Guo-Qiang Liu
- Department of Chemistry, New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, Institute of Biomimetic Materials & Chemistry, Division of Nanomaterials & Chemistry, Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China.
| | - Shu-Hong Yu
- Department of Chemistry, New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, Institute of Biomimetic Materials & Chemistry, Division of Nanomaterials & Chemistry, Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China.
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Innovative Materials, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology of China, Shenzhen 518055, China.
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2
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Chen Z, Meng X, Lu Y, Ding C, Huo J, Meng X, Li Z, Guo F, Wu K. Molecular Triplet Generation Enabled by Adjacent Metal Nanoparticles. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:19360-19368. [PMID: 39015060 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c05364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/18/2024]
Abstract
High-efficiency generation of spin-triplet states in organic molecules is of great interest in diverse areas such as photocatalysis, photodynamic therapy, and upconversion photonics. Recent studies have introduced colloidal semiconductor nanocrystals as a new class of photosensitizers that can efficiently transfer their photoexcitation energy to molecular triplets. Here, we demonstrate that metallic Ag nanoparticles can also assist in the generation of molecular triplets in polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), but not through a conventional sensitization mechanism. Instead, the triplet formation is mediated by charge-separated states resulting from hole transfer from photoexcited PAHs (anthracene and pyrene) to Ag nanoparticles, which is established through the rapid formation and subsequent decay of molecular anions revealed in our transient absorption measurements. The dominance of hole transfer over electron transfer, while both are energetically allowed, could be attributed to a Marcus inverted region of charge transfer. Owing to the rapid charge separation and the rapid spin-flip in metals, the triplet formation yields are remarkably high, as confirmed by their engagement in production of singlet oxygen with a quantum efficiency reaching 58.5%. This study not only uncovers the fundamental interaction mechanisms between metallic nanoparticles and organic molecules in both charge and spin degrees of freedom but also greatly expands the scope of triplet "sensitization" using inorganic nanomaterials for a variety of emerging applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongwei Chen
- Henan Institute of Advanced Technology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China
| | - Xiaoyi Meng
- Henan Institute of Advanced Technology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China
| | - Yinjie Lu
- Henan Institute of Advanced Technology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China
| | - Chenxi Ding
- Henan Institute of Advanced Technology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China
| | - Jingzhu Huo
- Henan Institute of Advanced Technology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China
| | - Xinyi Meng
- Henan Institute of Advanced Technology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China
| | - Zhengxiao Li
- Henan Institute of Advanced Technology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China
| | - Fengqi Guo
- Henan Institute of Advanced Technology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China
| | - Kaifeng Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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3
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Huang Z, Miyashita T, Tang ML. Photon Upconversion at Organic-Inorganic Interfaces. Annu Rev Phys Chem 2024; 75:329-346. [PMID: 38382565 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-physchem-090722-011335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
Photon upconversion is a process that combines low-energy photons to form useful high-energy photons. There are potential applications in photovoltaics, photocatalysis, biological imaging, etc. Semiconductor quantum dots (QDs) are promising for the absorption of these low-energy photons due to the high extinction coefficient of QDs, especially in the near infrared (NIR). This allows the intriguing use of diffuse light sources such as solar irradiation. In this review, we describe the development of this organic-QD upconversion platform based on triplet-triplet annihilation, focusing on the dark exciton in QDs with triplet character. Then we introduce the underlying energy transfer steps, starting from QD triplet photosensitization, triplet exciton transport, triplet-triplet annihilation, and ending with the upconverted emission. Design principles to improve the total upconversion efficiency are presented. We end with limitations in current reports and proposed future directions. This review provides a guide for designing efficient organic-QD upconversion platforms for future applications, including overcoming the Shockley-Queisser limit for more efficient solar energy conversion, NIR-based phototherapy, and diagnostics in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyuan Huang
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China;
| | - Tsumugi Miyashita
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA;
| | - Ming Lee Tang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA;
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Arima D, Hidaka S, Yokomori S, Niihori Y, Negishi Y, Oyaizu R, Yoshinami T, Kobayashi K, Mitsui M. Triplet-Mediator Ligand-Protected Metal Nanocluster Sensitizers for Photon Upconversion. J Am Chem Soc 2024. [PMID: 38738855 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c03635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
Triplet-triplet annihilation photon upconversion (TTA-UC) is attracting a great deal of attention as a viable approach to exploit unutilized wavelengths of light in solar-driven devices. Recently, ligand-protected metal nanoclusters have emerged as a compelling platform for serving as triplet sensitizers for TTA-UC. In this study, we developed an atomically precise, triplet-mediator ligand (TL)-protected metal nanocluster, Au2Cu6(S-Adm)6[P(DPA)3]2 (Au2Cu6DPA; S-Adm = 1-adamanthanethiolate, DPA = 9,10-diphenylanthracene). In Au2Cu6DPA, the excitation of the Au2Cu6 core rapidly generates a metal-to-ligand charge transfer state, followed by the formation of the long-lived triplet state (approximately 150 μs) at a DPA site in the TL. By combining Au2Cu6DPA with a DPA annihilator, we achieved a red-to-blue upconversion quantum yield (ΦUCg) of 20.7 ± 0.4% (50% max.) with a low threshold excitation intensity of 36 mW cm-2 at 640 nm. This quantum yield almost reaches the maximum limit achievable using a DPA annihilator and establishes a record-setting value, outperforming previously reported nanocrystal and nanocluster sensitizers. Furthermore, strong upconversion emission based on a pseudo-first-order TTA process was observed under 1 sun illumination, indicating that the Au2Cu6DPA sensitizer holds promise for applications in solar-energy-based systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daichi Arima
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Rikkyo University, 3-34-1, Nishiikebuku road, Toshima-ku, Tokyo 171-8501, Japan
| | - Shion Hidaka
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Rikkyo University, 3-34-1, Nishiikebuku road, Toshima-ku, Tokyo 171-8501, Japan
| | - So Yokomori
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Rikkyo University, 3-34-1, Nishiikebuku road, Toshima-ku, Tokyo 171-8501, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Niihori
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tokyo University of Science, Kagurazaka, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan
| | - Yuichi Negishi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tokyo University of Science, Kagurazaka, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan
| | - Ryuichi Oyaizu
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Shizuoka University, 836 Ohya, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8529, Japan
| | - Takumi Yoshinami
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Shizuoka University, 836 Ohya, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8529, Japan
| | - Kenji Kobayashi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Shizuoka University, 836 Ohya, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8529, Japan
| | - Masaaki Mitsui
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Rikkyo University, 3-34-1, Nishiikebuku road, Toshima-ku, Tokyo 171-8501, Japan
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Chen Y, Ge F, Lai Y, Wang L, Zhao X, Wang R, Peng S, Wu XJ, Zhou Y. A Multistate Thermoresponsive Smart Window Based on a Multifunctional Luminescent Solar Concentrator. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:14072-14081. [PMID: 38442356 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c19307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
Conventional luminescent solar concentrators (LSCs) usually only have the ability to absorb solar energy and convert it to electricity but are not able to regulate the transmitted light. Herein, a multistate thermoresponsive smart window (SW) based on LSC has been fabricated, in which the stimuli-responsive host layer consists of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) and ethylene glycol solution (EGS) microdroplets stacking with LSC layer-based on near-infrared (NIR) CuInSe2-xSx/ZnS core/shell quantum dots (QDs) and PDMS matrix. As-synthesized CISSe/ZnS QDs with broad NIR absorption in LSC exhibit controllable emission spectra over 833-1088 nm and high photoluminescence (PL) quantum yield from 45 to 83%. Coupling with Si solar cells as a reference, optimized LSC-SW devices with dimensions of 5 × 5 × 0.9 cm3 exhibit higher power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 1.19-1.36% with increased temperature from 0 to 50 °C than those of sole LSC and SW devices. The corresponding visible light transmissions are regulated from 75.1 to 48.1% accordingly. The improvement of PCEs in an opaque state is mainly due to enhanced absorption of QDs originating from rescattered photons from the EGS/PDMS layer, leading to more emitted photons reaching photovoltaics. This work is expected to bring up new opportunities for applications in greenhouses, building facades, and energy-efficient smart windows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiqing Chen
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, P. R. China
| | - Feiyue Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yueling Lai
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, P. R. China
| | - Lianju Wang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, P. R. China
| | - Xianglong Zhao
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, P. R. China
| | - Ruilin Wang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, P. R. China
- Engineering Research Center of Alternative Energy Materials and Devices, Ministry of Education, Chengdu 610065, P. R. China
| | - Shou Peng
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, P. R. China
| | - Xue-Jun Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yufeng Zhou
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, P. R. China
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Lin O, Wang L, Xie X, Wang S, Feng Y, Xiao J, Zhang Y, Tang A. Seed-mediated growth synthesis and tunable narrow-band luminescence of quaternary Ag-In-Ga-S alloyed nanocrystals. NANOSCALE 2024; 16:4591-4599. [PMID: 38356393 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr06037c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Silver-based I-III-VI-type semiconductor nanocrystals have received extensive attention due to their narrow-band luminescence properties. Herein, we demonstrated a seed-mediated growth of quaternary Ag-In-Ga-S (AIGS) nanocrystals (NCs) with narrow-band luminescence. By conducting partial cation exchange with In3+ and Ga3+ based on Ag2S NCs and controlling the Ag/In feeding ratios (0.25 to 2) of Ag-In-S seeds as well as the inventory of 1-dodecanethiol, we achieved optimized luminescence performance in the synthesized AIGS NCs, characterized by a narrow full width at half maximum of less than 40 nm. Meanwhile, narrow-band luminescent AIGS NCs exhibit a tetragonal AgGaS2 crystal structure and a gradient alloy structure, rather than a core-shell structure. Most importantly, the kinetics decay curves of time-resolved photoluminescence and the ground state bleaching in transient absorption generally agree with each other regarding the lifetime of the second decay component, which indicates that the narrow-band luminescence is due to the slow radiative recombination between trapped electrons and trapped holes located at the edge of the conduction band and the deep silver-related trap states (e.g., silver vacancy), respectively. This study provides new insights into the correlation between the narrow-band luminescence properties and the structural characteristics of AIGS NCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ouyang Lin
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Optical Information, Ministry of Education, School of Physical Science and Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China.
| | - Lijin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Optical Information, Ministry of Education, School of Physical Science and Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China.
| | - Xiulin Xie
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Optical Information, Ministry of Education, School of Physical Science and Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China.
| | - Shuaibing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Optical Information, Ministry of Education, School of Physical Science and Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China.
| | - Yibo Feng
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Microstructure and Property of Advanced Materials, Faculty of Materials and Manufacturing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Jiawen Xiao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Microstructure and Property of Advanced Materials, Faculty of Materials and Manufacturing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Optical Information, Ministry of Education, School of Physical Science and Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China.
| | - Aiwei Tang
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Optical Information, Ministry of Education, School of Physical Science and Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China.
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Mitsui M, Uchida A. Triplet properties and intersystem crossing mechanism of PtAg28 nanocluster sensitizers achieving low threshold and efficient photon upconversion. NANOSCALE 2024; 16:3053-3060. [PMID: 38240331 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr05992h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Ligand-protected metal nanoclusters have emerged as a promising platform for providing sensitizers for triplet-triplet annihilation upconversion (TTA-UC). Herein, we report [PtAg28(BDT)12]4- (PtAg28; BDT = 1,3-benzenedithiolate) as a sensitizer enabling TTA-UC at low excitation intensities. PtAg28 exhibits a long-lived triplet state (approximately 7 μs) generated with a 100% intersystem crossing (ISC) quantum yield. The mechanism driving this efficient ISC was unveiled with the aid of theoretical calculations. Specifically, the S1-T1 ISC reveals a small spin-orbit coupling (SOC) matrix element, attributed to their similar electron configuration. In contrast, the T2 state, which is energetically close to S1, features a hole distribution derived from the Py superatomic orbital of the icosahedral Pt@Ag12 core. This distribution enables direct SOC based on the orbital angular momentum change from the S1 state with a Pz-derived hole distribution. Consequently, the efficient ISC was rationalized by the S1 → T2 → T1 pathway. The T1 state possesses a metal core-to-surface metal charge transfer character, facilitating triplet energy transfer and conferring superior sensitization ability. Leveraging these characteristics, the combination of PtAg28 sensitizer with a 9,10-diphenylanthracene annihilator/emitter attained an extremely low UC threshold of 0.81 mW cm-2 at 532 nm excitation, along with efficient green-to-blue TTA-UC with an internal quantum yield (ΦUCg) of 12.2% (50% maximum). This results in a pseudo-first-order TTA process with strong UC emission under 1-sun conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaaki Mitsui
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Rikkyo University, 3-34-1, Nishiikebukuro, Toshima-ku, Tokyo 171-8501, Japan.
| | - Atsuki Uchida
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Rikkyo University, 3-34-1, Nishiikebukuro, Toshima-ku, Tokyo 171-8501, Japan.
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Gong N, Lai R, Xing S, Liu Z, Mo J, Man T, Li Z, Di D, Du J, Tan D, Liu X, Qiu J, Xu B. Electronic State Engineering in Perovskite-Cerium-Composite Nanocrystals toward Enhanced Triplet Annihilation Upconversion. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2305069. [PMID: 37870173 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202305069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 09/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
Wavelength conversion based on hybrid inorganic-organic sensitized triplet-triplet annihilation upconversion (TTA-UC) is promising for applications such as photovoltaics, light-emitting-diodes, photocatalysis, additive manufacturing, and bioimaging. The efficiency of TTA-UC depends on the population of triplet excitons involved in triplet energy transfer (TET), the driving force in TET, and the coupling strength between the donor and acceptor. Consequently, achieving highly efficient TTA-UC necessitates the precise control of the electronic states of inorganic donors. However, conventional covalently bonded nanocrystals (NCs) face significant challenges in this regard. Herein, a novel strategy to exert control over electronic states is proposed, thereby enhancing TET and TTA-UC by incorporating ionic-bonded CsPbBr3 and lanthanide Ce3+ ions into composite NCs. These composite-NCs exhibit high photoluminescence quantum yield, extended single-exciton lifetime, quantum confinement, and uplifted energy levels. This engineering strategy of electronic states engendered a comprehensive impact, augmenting the population of triplet excitons participating in the TET process, enhancing coupling strength and the driving force, ultimately leading to an unconventional, dopant concentration-dependent nonlinear enhancement of UC efficiency. This work not only advances fundamental understanding of hybrid TTA-UC but also opens a door for the creation of other ionic-bonded composite NCs with tunable functionalities, promising innovations for next-generation optoelectronic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Extreme Photonics and Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310027, China
| | - Runchen Lai
- State Key Laboratory of Extreme Photonics and Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310027, China
| | - Shiyu Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Extreme Photonics and Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310027, China
| | - ZhengZheng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of High Field Laser Physics and CAS Center for Excellence in Ultra-intense Laser Science, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics (SIOM), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), 201800, Shanghai, China
| | - Junyao Mo
- State Key Laboratory of Extreme Photonics and Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310027, China
| | - Tao Man
- State Key Laboratory of Extreme Photonics and Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310027, China
| | - Zicheng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Extreme Photonics and Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310027, China
| | - Dawei Di
- State Key Laboratory of Extreme Photonics and Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310027, China
| | - Juan Du
- State Key Laboratory of High Field Laser Physics and CAS Center for Excellence in Ultra-intense Laser Science, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics (SIOM), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), 201800, Shanghai, China
| | - Dezhi Tan
- Zhejiang Lab, 311100, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaofeng Liu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, 310027, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jianrong Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Extreme Photonics and Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310027, China
| | - Beibei Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Extreme Photonics and Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310027, China
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Chen B, Zheng W, Chun F, Xu X, Zhao Q, Wang F. Synthesis and hybridization of CuInS 2 nanocrystals for emerging applications. Chem Soc Rev 2023; 52:8374-8409. [PMID: 37947021 DOI: 10.1039/d3cs00611e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Copper indium sulfide (CuInS2) is a ternary A(I)B(III)X(VI)2-type semiconductor featuring a direct bandgap with a high absorption coefficient. In attempts to explore their practical applications, nanoscale CuInS2 has been synthesized with crystal sizes down to the quantum confinement regime. The merits of CuInS2 nanocrystals (NCs) include wide emission tunability, a large Stokes shift, long decay time, and eco-friendliness, making them promising candidates in photoelectronics and photovoltaics. Over the past two decades, advances in wet-chemistry synthesis have achieved rational control over cation-anion reactivity during the preparation of colloidal CuInS2 NCs and post-synthesis cation exchange. The precise nano-synthesis coupled with a series of hybridization strategies has given birth to a library of CuInS2 NCs with highly customizable photophysical properties. This review article focuses on the recent development of CuInS2 NCs enabled by advanced synthetic and hybridization techniques. We show that the state-of-the-art CuInS2 NCs play significant roles in optoelectronic and biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Chen
- College of Electronic and Optical Engineering & College of Flexible Electronics (Future Technology), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China.
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong SAR, China.
| | - Weilin Zheng
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong SAR, China.
- City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen 518057, China
| | - Fengjun Chun
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong SAR, China.
- City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen 518057, China
| | - Xiuwen Xu
- College of Electronic and Optical Engineering & College of Flexible Electronics (Future Technology), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China.
| | - Qiang Zhao
- College of Electronic and Optical Engineering & College of Flexible Electronics (Future Technology), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
| | - Feng Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong SAR, China.
- City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen 518057, China
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10
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Luo S, Zhang Y, Zhu Y, Wang XJ, Ran X, He Y, Kuang Y, Chi Z, Guo L. Size-Regulated Hole and Triplet Energy Transfer from CdSe Quantum Dots to Organic Acceptors for Enhancing Singlet Oxygen Generation. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:19087-19095. [PMID: 37934916 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c03134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
Triplet energy transfer (TET) from semiconductor quantum dots (QDs) is an emerging strategy for sensitizing molecular triplets that have great potential in many applications. Here, CdSe QDs with varying sizes and 1-pyrenecarboxylic acid (PCA) are selected as the triplet donor and acceptor, respectively, to study the TET and charge transfer dynamics as well as enhanced singlet oxygen (1O2) generation properties. The results from static and transient spectroscopy measurements demonstrate that both the TET and hole transfer occur at the QDs-PCA interface. The observed significant drop in TET efficiency from 52 to 8% with increasing QD size results from the reduced TET driving force between the QDs and PCA, which is further confirmed by the more efficient sensitization of the anthracene derivative with a large TET driving force. In contrast, the hole transfer efficiency displays a small decrease with an increasing QD size due to a slight change in the hole driving force. The sensitized PCA triplets show a good ability of 1O2 generation, and the 1O2 formation rate increases 10-fold as the QD size decreases from 3.3 to 2.4 nm. These findings provide a profound understanding of the TET and hole transfer mechanism from QDs to molecules and are significant in designing efficient 1O2 generation systems based on semiconductor QDs and triplet molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shida Luo
- School of Physics and Electronics, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, International Joint Research Laboratory of New Energy Materials and Devices of Henan Province, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Yuting Zhang
- School of Physics and Electronics, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, International Joint Research Laboratory of New Energy Materials and Devices of Henan Province, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Yanshen Zhu
- School of Physics and Electronics, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, International Joint Research Laboratory of New Energy Materials and Devices of Henan Province, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Xiao-Juan Wang
- School of Physics and Electronics, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, International Joint Research Laboratory of New Energy Materials and Devices of Henan Province, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Xia Ran
- School of Physics and Electronics, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, International Joint Research Laboratory of New Energy Materials and Devices of Henan Province, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Yulu He
- School of Physics and Electronics, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, International Joint Research Laboratory of New Energy Materials and Devices of Henan Province, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Yanmin Kuang
- School of Physics and Electronics, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, International Joint Research Laboratory of New Energy Materials and Devices of Henan Province, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Zhen Chi
- School of Physics and Electronics, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, International Joint Research Laboratory of New Energy Materials and Devices of Henan Province, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Lijun Guo
- School of Physics and Electronics, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, International Joint Research Laboratory of New Energy Materials and Devices of Henan Province, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
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11
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Chi Z, Xu J, Luo S, Ran X, Wang X, Liu P, He Y, Kuang Y, Guo L. Triplet generation at the CdTe quantum dot/anthracene interface mediated by hot and thermalized electron exchange for enhanced production of singlet oxygen. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:8913-8920. [PMID: 36916640 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp00021d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
Abstract
Triplet energy transfer (TET) from semiconductor quantum dots (QDs) to molecular triplets has potential applications in photon up-conversion and singlet oxygen generation. Here, we have constructed a complex consisting of CdTe QDs as the donor and 9-anthracenecarboxylic acid (ACA) as the triplet acceptor, and studied the TET pathways and enhanced singlet oxygen generation properties. The results from steady-state and time-resolved spectroscopy demonstrate efficient TET with a total efficiency of over 80% from photoexcited CdTe QDs to ACA. Dynamical analysis clearly indicates two distinctive TET channels - hot electron exchange and thermalized electron exchange - mediating the TET process in the CdTe QDs-ACA complex. The TET efficiencies from hot electron exchange at high energetic levels and thermalized electron exchange on the lowest exciton state can reach ∼27% and ∼85%, respectively, following 530 nm excitation. This efficient TET endows the CdTe QDs-ACA complex with a good capability of generating singlet oxygen species with a yield of up to ∼59%. These findings contribute further insights to the mechanisms of interfacial TET processes and are significant in designing efficient TET systems based on semiconductor nanoparticles and triplet molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Chi
- School of Physics and Electronics, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, International Joint Research Laboratory of New Energy Materials and Devices of Henan Province, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China.
| | - Jia Xu
- School of Physics and Electronics, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, International Joint Research Laboratory of New Energy Materials and Devices of Henan Province, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China.
| | - Shida Luo
- School of Physics and Electronics, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, International Joint Research Laboratory of New Energy Materials and Devices of Henan Province, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China.
| | - Xia Ran
- School of Physics and Electronics, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, International Joint Research Laboratory of New Energy Materials and Devices of Henan Province, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China.
| | - Xiaojuan Wang
- School of Physics and Electronics, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, International Joint Research Laboratory of New Energy Materials and Devices of Henan Province, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China.
| | - Pingan Liu
- School of Physics and Electronics, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, International Joint Research Laboratory of New Energy Materials and Devices of Henan Province, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China.
| | - Yulu He
- School of Physics and Electronics, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, International Joint Research Laboratory of New Energy Materials and Devices of Henan Province, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China.
| | - Yanmin Kuang
- School of Physics and Electronics, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, International Joint Research Laboratory of New Energy Materials and Devices of Henan Province, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China.
| | - Lijun Guo
- School of Physics and Electronics, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, International Joint Research Laboratory of New Energy Materials and Devices of Henan Province, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China.
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12
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Arima D, Mitsui M. Structurally Flexible Au-Cu Alloy Nanoclusters Enabling Efficient Triplet Sensitization and Photon Upconversion. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:6994-7004. [PMID: 36939572 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c00870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/21/2023]
Abstract
Ligand-protected noble-metal nanoclusters exhibit an innately triplet nature and have been recently recognized as emerging platforms for triplet sensitizers of photon upconversion (UC) via triplet-triplet annihilation. Herein, we report that a structurally flexible Au-Cu alloy nanocluster, [Au4Cu4(S-Adm)5(DPPM)2]+ (Au4Cu4; S-Adm = 1-adamantanethiolate, DPPM = bis(diphenylphosphino)methane), exhibited favorable sensitizer properties and superior UC performance. Contrary to the structurally rigid Au2Cu6(S-Adm)6(TPP)2 (Au2Cu6, TPP = triphenylphosphine), Au4Cu4 exhibited significantly better sensitizer characteristics, such as a near-unity quantum yield for intersystem crossing (ISC), long triplet lifetime (ca. 8 μs), and efficient triplet energy transfer (TET). The efficient ISC of Au4Cu4 was attributed to the practically negligible activation barriers during the ISC process, which was caused by the spin-orbit interaction between the two isoenergetic isomers predicted by theoretical calculations. A series of aromatic molecules with different triplet energies were used as acceptors to reveal the driving force dependence of the TET rate constant (kTET). This dependency was analyzed to evaluate the triplet energy and sensitization ability of the alloy nanoclusters. The results showed that the maximum value of kTET for Au4Cu4 was seven times larger than that for Au2Cu6, which presumably reflects the structural/electronic fluctuations of Au4Cu4 during the triplet state residence. The combination of the Au4Cu4 sensitizer and the 9,10-diphenylanthracene (DPA) annihilator/emitter achieved UC with internal quantum yields of 14% (out of 50% maximum) and extremely low threshold intensities (2-26 mWcm-2). This performance far exceeds that of Au2Cu6 and is also outstanding among the organic-inorganic hybrid nanomaterials reported so far.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daichi Arima
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Rikkyo University, 3-34-1, Nishiikebukuro, Toshima-ku, Tokyo 171-8501, Japan
| | - Masaaki Mitsui
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Rikkyo University, 3-34-1, Nishiikebukuro, Toshima-ku, Tokyo 171-8501, Japan
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13
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He S, Jin T, Ni A, Lian T. Electron Trapping Prolongs the Lifetime of Charge-Separated States in 2D Perovskite Nanoplatelet-Hole Acceptor Complexes. J Phys Chem Lett 2023; 14:2241-2250. [PMID: 36820889 PMCID: PMC10009813 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c03815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) lead halide perovskite nanoplatelets (NPLs) are promising materials for blue light emission because of the strong quantum confinement in the 2D morphology. However, the identity of carrier traps and the trap influence on charge transfer in these NPLs remain unclear. Herein, transient absorption studies revealed two types of electron traps in 3 monolayer lead bromide perovskite NPLs with trapping lifetime of 9.0 ± 0.6 and 516 ± 59 ps, respectively, while no hole traps were observed. Systematic charge transfer experiments show that electron traps have negligible influence on ultrafast electron transfer or hole transfer but extend the half-lifetime of the charge-separated state from 2.1 ± 0.1 to 68 ± 3 ns after hole transfer, which is explained by the reduced electron-hole overlap. This work contributes to the understanding of the fundamental carrier dynamics in 2D perovskite NPLs and offers guidelines for boosting their performance in optoelectronics and photocatalysis.
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14
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Gong N, Xu B, Mo J, Man T, Qiu J. Defect engineering of inorganic sensitizers for efficient triplet–triplet annihilation upconversion. TRENDS IN CHEMISTRY 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trechm.2023.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
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15
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He S, Du J, Liang W, Zhang B, Liang G, Wu K. Thermally Activated Delayed Near-Infrared Photoluminescence from Functionalized Lead-Free Nanocrystals. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202217287. [PMID: 36517417 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202217287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
As an analogue to thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) of organic molecules, thermally activated delayed photoluminescence (TADPL) observed in molecule-functionalized semiconductor nanocrystals represents an exotic mechanism to harvest energy from dark molecular triplets and to obtain controllable, long-lived PL from nanocrystals. The reported TADPL systems have successfully covered the visible spectrum. However, TADF molecules already emit very efficiently in the visible, diminishing the technological impact of the less-efficient nanocrystal-molecule TADPL. Here we report bright, near-infrared TADPL in lead-free CuInSe2 nanocrystals functionalized with carboxylated tetracene ligands, which results from efficient triplet energy transfer from photoexcited nanocrystals to ligands, followed with thermally activated reverse energy transfer from ligand triplets back to nanocrystals. This strategy prolonged the nanocrystal exciton lifetime from 100 ns to 60 μs at room temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan He
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, China
| | - Jun Du
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, China
| | - Wenfei Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, China
| | - Boyu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Low Dimensional Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang, Hubei 441053, China
| | - Guijie Liang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Low Dimensional Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang, Hubei 441053, China
| | - Kaifeng Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, China
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16
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Gray V, Drake W, Allardice JR, Zhang Z, Xiao J, Congrave DG, Royakkers J, Zeng W, Dowland S, Greenham NC, Bronstein H, Anthony JE, Rao A. Triplet transfer from PbS quantum dots to tetracene ligands: is faster always better? JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY. C 2022; 10:16321-16329. [PMID: 36562020 PMCID: PMC9648495 DOI: 10.1039/d2tc03470k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Quantum dot-organic semiconductor hybrid materials are gaining increasing attention as spin mixers for applications ranging from solar harvesting to spin memories. Triplet energy transfer between the inorganic quantum dot (QD) and organic semiconductor is a key step to understand in order to develop these applications. Here we report on the triplet energy transfer from PbS QDs to four energetically and structurally similar tetracene ligands. Even with similar ligands we find that the triplet energy transfer dynamics can vary significantly. For TIPS-tetracene derivatives with carboxylic acid, acetic acid and methanethiol anchoring groups on the short pro-cata side we find that triplet transfer occurs through a stepwise process, mediated via a surface state, whereas for monosubstituted TIPS-tetracene derivative 5-(4-benzoic acid)-12-triisopropylsilylethynyl tetracene (BAT) triplet transfer occurs directly, albeit slower, via a Dexter exchange mechanism. Even though triplet transfer is slower with BAT the overall yield is greater, as determined from upconverted emission using rubrene emitters. This work highlights that the surface-mediated transfer mechanism is plagued with parasitic loss pathways and that materials with direct Dexter-like triplet transfer are preferred for high-efficiency applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Gray
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge J. J. Thomson Avenue Cambridge CB3 0HE UK
- Department of Chemistry - Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University Box 523 751 20 Uppsala Sweden
| | - William Drake
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge J. J. Thomson Avenue Cambridge CB3 0HE UK
| | - Jesse R Allardice
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge J. J. Thomson Avenue Cambridge CB3 0HE UK
| | - Zhilong Zhang
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge J. J. Thomson Avenue Cambridge CB3 0HE UK
| | - James Xiao
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge J. J. Thomson Avenue Cambridge CB3 0HE UK
| | - Daniel G Congrave
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge Lensfield Road Cambridge CB2 1EW UK
| | - Jeroen Royakkers
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge Lensfield Road Cambridge CB2 1EW UK
| | - Weixuan Zeng
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge Lensfield Road Cambridge CB2 1EW UK
| | - Simon Dowland
- Cambridge Photon Technology J. J. Thomson Avenue Cambridge CB3 0HE UK
| | - Neil C Greenham
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge J. J. Thomson Avenue Cambridge CB3 0HE UK
| | - Hugo Bronstein
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge Lensfield Road Cambridge CB2 1EW UK
| | - John E Anthony
- University of Kentucky Center for Applied Energy Research 2582 Research Park Dr Lexington Kentucky 40511 USA
| | - Akshay Rao
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge J. J. Thomson Avenue Cambridge CB3 0HE UK
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17
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Cheng X, Zhou J, Yue J, Wei Y, Gao C, Xie X, Huang L. Recent Development in Sensitizers for Lanthanide-Doped Upconversion Luminescence. Chem Rev 2022; 122:15998-16050. [PMID: 36194772 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The attractive features of lanthanide-doped upconversion luminescence (UCL), such as high photostability, nonphotobleaching or photoblinking, and large anti-Stokes shift, have shown great potentials in life science, information technology, and energy materials. Therefore, UCL modulation is highly demanded toward expected emission wavelength, lifetime, and relative intensity in order to satisfy stringent requirements raised from a wide variety of areas. Unfortunately, the majority of efforts have been devoted to either simple codoping of multiple activators or variation of hosts, while very little attention has been paid to the critical role that sensitizers have been playing. In fact, different sensitizers possess different excitation wavelengths and different energy transfer pathways (to different activators), which will lead to different UCL features. Thus, rational design of sensitizers shall provide extra opportunities for UCL tuning, particularly from the excitation side. In this review, we specifically focus on advances in sensitizers, including the current status, working mechanisms, design principles, as well as future challenges and endeavor directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingwen Cheng
- Institute of Advanced Materials, Nanjing Tech University, 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing211816, China
| | - Jie Zhou
- Institute of Advanced Materials, Nanjing Tech University, 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing211816, China
| | - Jingyi Yue
- Institute of Advanced Materials, Nanjing Tech University, 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing211816, China
| | - Yang Wei
- Institute of Advanced Materials, Nanjing Tech University, 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing211816, China
| | - Chao Gao
- Institute of Advanced Materials, Nanjing Tech University, 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing211816, China
| | - Xiaoji Xie
- Institute of Advanced Materials, Nanjing Tech University, 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing211816, China
| | - Ling Huang
- Institute of Advanced Materials, Nanjing Tech University, 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing211816, China.,State Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Utilization of Carbon Based Energy Resources, College of Chemistry, Xinjiang University, Urumqi830046, China
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18
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Liu M, Xia P, Zhao G, Nie C, Gao K, He S, Wang L, Wu K. Energy‐Transfer Photocatalysis Using Lead Halide Perovskite Nanocrystals: Sensitizing Molecular Isomerization and Cycloaddition. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202208241. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202208241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Meng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics Dynamics Research Center for Energy and Environmental Materials Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Dalian Liaoning 116023 China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Pan Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics Dynamics Research Center for Energy and Environmental Materials Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Dalian Liaoning 116023 China
| | - Guohui Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics Dynamics Research Center for Energy and Environmental Materials Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Dalian Liaoning 116023 China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Chengming Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics Dynamics Research Center for Energy and Environmental Materials Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Dalian Liaoning 116023 China
| | - Kaimin Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics Dynamics Research Center for Energy and Environmental Materials Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Dalian Liaoning 116023 China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Shan He
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics Dynamics Research Center for Energy and Environmental Materials Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Dalian Liaoning 116023 China
| | - Lifeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics Dynamics Research Center for Energy and Environmental Materials Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Dalian Liaoning 116023 China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Kaifeng Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics Dynamics Research Center for Energy and Environmental Materials Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Dalian Liaoning 116023 China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
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19
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Weiss R, VanOrman ZA, Sullivan CM, Nienhaus L. A Sensitizer of Purpose: Generating Triplet Excitons with Semiconductor Nanocrystals. ACS MATERIALS AU 2022; 2:641-654. [PMID: 36855545 PMCID: PMC9928406 DOI: 10.1021/acsmaterialsau.2c00047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The process of photon upconversion promises importance for many optoelectronic applications, as it can result in higher efficiencies and more effective photon management. Upconversion via triplet-triplet annihilation (TTA) occurs at low incident powers and at high efficiencies, requirements for integration into existing optoelectronic devices. Semiconductor nanocrystals are a diverse class of triplet sensitizers with advantages over traditional molecular sensitizers such as energetic tunability and minimal energy loss during the triplet sensitization process. In this Perspective, we review current progress in semiconductor nanocrystal triplet sensitization, specifically focusing on the nanocrystal, the ligand shell which surrounds the nanocrystal, and progress in solid-state sensitization. Finally, we discuss potential areas of improvement which could result in more efficient upconversion systems sensitized by semiconductor nanocrystals. Specifically, we focus on the development of solid-state TTA upconversion systems, elucidation of the energy transfer mechanisms from nanocrystal to transmitter ligand which underpin the upconversion process and propose novel configurations of nanocrystal-sensitized systems.
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20
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Chen X, Peng C, Dan W, Yu L, Wu Y, Fei H. Bromo- and iodo-bridged building units in metal-organic frameworks for enhanced carrier transport and CO 2 photoreduction by water vapor. Nat Commun 2022; 13:4592. [PMID: 35933476 PMCID: PMC9357079 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-32367-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Organolead halide hybrids have many promising attributes for photocatalysis, e.g. tunable bandgaps and excellent carrier transport, but their instability constraints render them vulnerable to polar molecules and limit their photocatalysis in moisture. Herein, we report the construction of metal-organic frameworks based on [Pb2X]3+ (X = Br-/I-) chains as secondary building units and 2-amino-terephthalate as organic linkers, and extend their applications in photocatalytic CO2 reduction with water vapor as the reductant. Hall effect measurement and ultrafast transient absorption spectroscopy demonstrate the bromo/iodo-bridged frameworks have substantially enhanced photocarrier transport, which results in photocatalytic performances superior to conventional metal-oxo metal-organic frameworks. Moreover, in contrast to lead perovskites, the [Pb2X]3+-based frameworks have accessible porosity and high moisture stability for gas-phase photocatalytic reaction between CO2 and H2O. This work significantly advances the excellent carrier transport of lead perovskites into the field of metal-organic frameworks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinfeng Chen
- School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Assessment and Sustainability, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, PR China
| | - Chengdong Peng
- School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Assessment and Sustainability, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, PR China
| | - Wenyan Dan
- School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Assessment and Sustainability, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, PR China
| | - Long Yu
- School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Assessment and Sustainability, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, PR China
| | - Yinan Wu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, PR China
- Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai, 200092, PR China
| | - Honghan Fei
- School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Assessment and Sustainability, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, PR China.
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21
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Liu M, Xia P, Zhao G, Nie C, Gao K, he S, Wang L, Wu K. Energy‐Transfer Photocatalysis Using Lead Halide Perovskite Nanocrystals: Sensitizing Molecular Isomerization and Cycloaddition. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202208241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Meng Liu
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics CHINA
| | - Pan Xia
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics CHINA
| | - Guohui Zhao
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics CHINA
| | - Chengming Nie
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics CHINA
| | - Kaimin Gao
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics CHINA
| | - Shan he
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics CHINA
| | - Lifeng Wang
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics CHINA
| | - Kaifeng Wu
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics 457 Zhongshan RdBldg 36 116023 Dalian CHINA
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22
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DuBose JT, Kamat PV. Energy Versus Electron Transfer: Managing Excited-State Interactions in Perovskite Nanocrystal-Molecular Hybrids. Chem Rev 2022; 122:12475-12494. [PMID: 35793168 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Energy and electron transfer processes in light harvesting assemblies dictate the outcome of the overall light energy conversion process. Halide perovskite nanocrystals such as CsPbBr3 with relatively high emission yield and strong light absorption can transfer singlet and triplet energy to surface-bound acceptor molecules. They can also induce photocatalytic reduction and oxidation by selectively transferring electrons and holes across the nanocrystal interface. This perspective discusses key factors dictating these excited-state pathways in perovskite nanocrystals and the fundamental differences between energy and electron transfer processes. Spectroscopic methods to decipher between these complex photoinduced pathways are presented. A basic understanding of the fundamental differences between the two excited deactivation processes (charge and energy transfer) and ways to modulate them should enable design of more efficient light harvesting assemblies with semiconductor and molecular systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey T DuBose
- Radiation Laboratory, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Prashant V Kamat
- Radiation Laboratory, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States.,Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
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23
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Brett MW, Gordon CK, Hardy J, Davis NJLK. The Rise and Future of Discrete Organic-Inorganic Hybrid Nanomaterials. ACS PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY AU 2022; 2:364-387. [PMID: 36855686 PMCID: PMC9955269 DOI: 10.1021/acsphyschemau.2c00018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Hybrid nanomaterials (HNs), the combination of organic semiconductor ligands attached to nanocrystal semiconductor quantum dots, have applications that span a range of practical fields, including biology, chemistry, medical imaging, and optoelectronics. Specifically, HNs operate as discrete, tunable systems that can perform prompt fluorescence, energy transfer, singlet fission, upconversion, and/or thermally activated delayed fluorescence. Interest in HNs has naturally grown over the years due to their tunability and broad spectrum of applications. This Review presents a brief introduction to the components of HNs, before expanding on the characterization and applications of HNs. Finally, the future of HN applications is discussed.
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24
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Kipkorir A, Kamat PV. Managing Photoinduced Electron Transfer in AgInS 2-CdS Heterostructures. J Chem Phys 2022; 156:174703. [DOI: 10.1063/5.0090875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Ternary semiconductors such as AgInS2 with their interesting photocatalytic properties can serve as building blocks to design light harvesting assemblies. The intraband transitions created by the metal ions extend the absorption well beyond the bandgap transition. The interfacial electron transfer of AgInS2 with surface bound ethyl viologen under bandgap and sub band gap irradiation as probed by steady state photolysis and transient absorption spectroscopy offers new insights into the participation of conduction band and trapped electrons. Capping AgInS2 with CdS shifts emission maximum to the blue and increases the emission yield as the surface defects are remediated. CdS capping also promotes charge separation as evident from the efficiency of electron transfer to ethyl viologen, which increased from 14% to 29%. The transient absorption measurements which elucidate the kinetic aspects of electron transfer processes in AgInS2 and CdS capped AgInS2 are presented. The improved performance of CdS capped AgInS2 offers new opportunities to employ them as photocatalysts.
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25
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He S, Han Y, Guo J, Wu K. Entropy-Powered Endothermic Energy Transfer from CsPbBr 3 Nanocrystals for Photon Upconversion. J Phys Chem Lett 2022; 13:1713-1718. [PMID: 35156824 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c00088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Colloidal semiconductor nanocrystals as triplet photosensitizers are characterized by a negligible intersystem crossing energy loss as compared to that of traditional molecular sensitizers. This property in principle allows for a large apparent anti-Stokes shift in sensitized triplet-triplet annihilation photon upconversion (TTA-UC) for a variety of applications. In previous systems, however, this advantage is largely erased by the energy loss associated with energy transfer from nanocrystals to surface-anchored triplet transmitter molecules. Here we report visible-to-ultraviolet TTA-UC from 473 to 355 nm, corresponding to an apparent anti-Stokes shift of 0.87 eV, with a quantum efficiency that reaches 4.5% (normalized at 100%). The system consists of CsPbBr3 nanocrystal sensitizers, phenanthrene transmitters, and diphenyloxazole annihilators. Time-resolved spectroscopy reveals that triplet energy transfer from CsPbBr3 nanocrystals to phenanthrene can be endothermic yet efficient thanks to a sizable entropic gain. This study exemplifies how entropic effects can be harnessed to enhance or control a plethora of applications with nanocrystals as photosensitizers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan He
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics and Dynamics Research Center for Energy and Environmental Materials, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, China
| | - Yaoyao Han
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics and Dynamics Research Center for Energy and Environmental Materials, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jingwei Guo
- CAS Key Laboratory of Chemical Lasers, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, China
| | - Kaifeng Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics and Dynamics Research Center for Energy and Environmental Materials, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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26
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Tailoring of electronic and surface structures boosts exciton-triggering photocatalysis for singlet oxygen generation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2114729118. [PMID: 34810250 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2114729118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Arising from reduced dielectric screening, excitonic effects should be taken into account in ultrathin two-dimensional photocatalysts, and a significant challenge is achieving nontrivial excitonic regulation. However, the effect of structural modification on the regulation of the excitonic aspect is at a comparatively early stage. Herein, we report unusual effects of surface substitutional doping with Pt on electronic and surface characteristics of atomically thin layers of Bi3O4Br, thereby enhancing the propensity to generate 1O2 Electronically, the introduced Pt impurity states with a lower energy level can trap photoinduced singlet excitons, thus reducing the singlet-triplet energy gap by ∼48% and effectively facilitating the intersystem crossing process for efficient triplet excitons yield. Superficially, the chemisorption state of O2 causes the changes in the magnetic moment (i.e., spin state) of O2 through electron-mediated triplet energy transfer, resulting a spontaneous spin-flip process and highly specific 1O2 generation. These traits exemplify the opportunities that the surface engineering provides a unique strategy for excitonic regulation and will stimulate more research on exciton-triggering photocatalysis for solar energy conversion.
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27
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Lv M, Wang X, Wang D, Li X, Liu Y, Pan H, Zhang S, Xu J, Chen J. Unravelling the role of charge transfer state during ultrafast intersystem crossing in compact organic chromophores. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:25455-25466. [PMID: 34818402 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp02912f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
When organic electron donor (D) and acceptor (A) chromophores are linked together, an electron transfer (ET) state can take place. When a short bridge such as one Sigma bond is used to link the donor and the acceptor, complete charge separation is difficult to access and one usually observes an intramolecular charge transfer (CT) state instead. Due to the inevitable coupling between the donor and the acceptor in compact organic chromophores, the most common decay pathway for the CT state is charge recombination, which may lead to a distinct longer wavelength fluorescence emission or non-radiative dissipation of the excited state energy. However, recent studies have shown that unique excited state dynamics can be observed when the CT state is involved during both forward and backward intersystem crossing (ISC) from singlet excited states to triplet excited states in organic chromophores. Analysis of the mechanism for ISC involving the CT state has received much attention over the last decade. In this perspective, we present a collection of molecular design rationales, spectroscopy and theoretical investigations that provide insights into the mechanism of the ISC involving the CT state in compact organic chromophores. We hope that this perspective will prove beneficial for researchers to design novel compact organic chromophores with a predictable ISC property for future biochemical and optoelectronic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China.
| | - Xueli Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China.
| | - Danhong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China.
| | - Xiuhua Li
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China.
| | - Yangyi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China.
| | - Haifeng Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China.
| | - Sanjun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China.
| | - Jianhua Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China. .,Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, China
| | - Jinquan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China. .,Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, China
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Imperiale CJ, Green PB, Hasham M, Wilson MWB. Ultra-small PbS nanocrystals as sensitizers for red-to-blue triplet-fusion upconversion. Chem Sci 2021; 12:14111-14120. [PMID: 34760195 PMCID: PMC8565365 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc04330g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Photon upconversion is a strategy to generate high-energy excitations from low-energy photon input, enabling advanced architectures for imaging and photochemistry. Here, we show that ultra-small PbS nanocrystals can sensitize red-to-blue triplet-fusion upconversion with a large anti-Stokes shift (ΔE = 1.04 eV), and achieve max-efficiency upconversion at near-solar fluences (I th = 220 mW cm-2) despite endothermic triplet sensitization. This system facilitates the photo-initiated polymerization of methyl methacrylate using only long-wavelength light (λ exc: 637 nm); a demonstration of nanocrystal-sensitized upconversion photochemistry. Time-resolved spectroscopy and kinetic modelling clarify key loss channels, highlighting the benefit of long-lifetime nanocrystal sensitizers, but revealing that many (48%) excitons that reach triplet-extracting carboxyphenylanthracene ligands decay before they can transfer to free-floating acceptors-emphasizing the need to address the reduced lifetimes that we determine for molecular triplets near the nanocrystal surface. Finally, we find that the inferred thermodynamics of triplet sensitization from these ultra-small PbS quantum dots are surprisingly favourable-completing an advantageous suite of properties for upconversion photochemistry-and do not vary significantly across the ensemble, which indicates minimal effects from nanocrystal heterogeneity. Together, our demonstration and study of red-to-blue upconversion using ultra-small PbS nanocrystals in a quasi-equilibrium, mildly endothermic sensitization scheme offer design rules to advance implementations of triplet fusion, especially where large anti-Stokes wavelength shifts are sought.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Philippe B Green
- University of Toronto, Department of Chemistry Toronto ON M5S 3H6 Canada
| | - Minhal Hasham
- University of Toronto, Department of Chemistry Toronto ON M5S 3H6 Canada
| | - Mark W B Wilson
- University of Toronto, Department of Chemistry Toronto ON M5S 3H6 Canada
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29
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Xu JY, Tong X, Besteiro LV, Li X, Hu C, Liu R, Channa AI, Zhao H, Rosei F, Govorov AO, Wang Q, Wang ZM. Rational synthesis of novel "giant" CuInTeSe/CdS core/shell quantum dots for optoelectronics. NANOSCALE 2021; 13:15301-15310. [PMID: 34490860 DOI: 10.1039/d1nr04199a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
"Giant" core/shell quantum dots (g-QDs) are promising candidates for emerging optoelectronic technologies thanks to their facile structure/composition-tunable optoelectronic properties and outstanding photo-physical/chemical stability. Here, we synthesized a new type of CuInTeSe (CITS)/CdS g-QDs and regulated their optoelectronic properties by controlling the shell thickness. Through increasing the shell thickness, as-prepared g-QDs exhibited tunable red-shifted emission (from 900 to 1200 nm) and prolonged photoluminescence (PL) lifetimes (up to ∼14.0 μs), indicating a formed band structure showing efficient charge separation and transfer, which is further testified by theoretical calculations and ultrafast time-resolved transient absorption (TA) spectroscopy. These CITS/CdS g-QDs with various shell thicknesses can be employed to fabricate photoelectrochemical (PEC) cells, exhibiting improved photoresponse and stability as compared to the bare CITS QD-based devices. The results indicate that the rational design and engineering of g-QDs is very promising for future QD-based optoelectronic technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Yin Xu
- Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, P. R. China.
| | - Xin Tong
- Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, P. R. China.
- Yangtze Delta Region Institute (Huzhou), University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Huzhou 313001, P. R. China
| | - Lucas V Besteiro
- Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, P. R. China.
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, Centre Énergie, Matériaux et Télécommunications, 1650 Boul. Lionel Boulet, J3X 1S2 Varennes, Québec, Canada
| | - Xin Li
- Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, P. R. China.
| | - Chenxia Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Special Function Materials and Structure Design, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China.
| | - Ruitong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Special Function Materials and Structure Design, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China.
| | - Ali Imran Channa
- Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, P. R. China.
| | - Haiguang Zhao
- College of Physics & State Key Laboratory of Bio-Fibers and Eco-Textiles, Qingdao University, No. 308 Ningxia Road, Qingdao 266071, P. R. China
| | - Federico Rosei
- Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, P. R. China.
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, Centre Énergie, Matériaux et Télécommunications, 1650 Boul. Lionel Boulet, J3X 1S2 Varennes, Québec, Canada
| | | | - Qiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Special Function Materials and Structure Design, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China.
| | - Zhiming M Wang
- Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, P. R. China.
- Yangtze Delta Region Institute (Huzhou), University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Huzhou 313001, P. R. China
- Institute of Microengineering and Nanoelectronics (IMEN), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
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30
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Wang L, Yoo JJ, Lin TA, Perkinson CF, Lu Y, Baldo MA, Bawendi MG. Interfacial Trap-Assisted Triplet Generation in Lead Halide Perovskite Sensitized Solid-State Upconversion. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2100854. [PMID: 34048075 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202100854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 04/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Photon upconversion via triplet-triplet annihilation (TTA) has promise for overcoming the Shockley-Queisser limit for single-junction solar cells by allowing the utilization of sub-bandgap photons. Recently, bulk perovskites have been employed as sensitizers in solid-state upconversion devices to circumvent poor exciton diffusion in previous nanocrystal (NC)-sensitized devices. However, an in-depth understanding of the underlying photophysics of perovskite-sensitized triplet generation is still lacking due to the difficulty of precisely controlling interfacial properties of fully solution-processed devices. In this study, interfacial properties of upconversion devices are adjusted by a mild surface solvent treatment, specifically altering perovskite surface properties without perturbing the bulk perovskite. Thermal evaporation of the annihilator precludes further solvent contamination. Counterintuitively, devices with more interfacial traps show brighter upconversion. Approximately an order of magnitude difference in upconversion brightness is observed across different interfacial solvent treatments. Sequential charge transfer and interfacial trap-assisted triplet sensitization are demonstrated by comparing upconversion performance, transient photoluminescence dynamics, and magnetic field dependence of the devices. Incomplete triplet conversion from transferred charges and consequent triplet-charge annihilation (TCA) are also observed. The observations highlight the importance of interfacial control and provide guidance for further design and optimization of upconversion devices using perovskites or other semiconductors as sensitizers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Jason J Yoo
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Ting-An Lin
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Collin F Perkinson
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Yongli Lu
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Marc A Baldo
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Moungi G Bawendi
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
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31
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Ahmad W, Wang J, Li H, Ouyang Q, Wu W, Chen Q. Strategies for combining triplet–triplet annihilation upconversion sensitizers and acceptors in a host matrix. Coord Chem Rev 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2021.213944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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32
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Yonemoto DT, Papa CM, Sheykhi S, Castellano FN. Controlling Thermally Activated Delayed Photoluminescence in CdSe Quantum Dots through Triplet Acceptor Surface Coverage. J Phys Chem Lett 2021; 12:3718-3723. [PMID: 33835808 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.1c00746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Quantum-dot/molecule composites (QD/mol) have demonstrated useful photochemical properties for many photonic and optoelectronic applications; however, a comprehensive understanding of these materials remains elusive. This work introduces a series of cadmium(II) selenide/1-pyrenecarboxylic acid (CdSe/PCA) nanomaterials featuring bespoke PCA surface coverage on CdSe585 (coded by the peak of the first exciton absorption band) to glean insight into the QD/mol photophysical behavior. Tailoring the energy gap between the CdSe585 first exciton band (2.1 eV) and the lowest PCA triplet level (T1 = 2.0 eV) to be nearly isoenergetic, strong thermally activated delayed photoluminescence (TADPL) is observed resulting from reverse triplet-triplet energy transfer. The resultant average decay time constant (τobs) of the photoluminescence emanating from CdSe585 is deterministically controlled with surface-bound PCAn chromophores (n = average number of adsorbed PCA molecules) by shifting the triplet excited state equilibrium from the CdSe585 to the PCA molecular triplet reservoir as a function of n.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel T Yonemoto
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-8204, United States
| | - Christopher M Papa
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-8204, United States
| | - Sara Sheykhi
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-8204, United States
| | - Felix N Castellano
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-8204, United States
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33
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Nilsson ZN, Beck LM, Sambur JB. Ensemble-level energy transfer measurements can reveal the spatial distribution of defect sites in semiconductor nanocrystals. J Chem Phys 2021; 154:054704. [PMID: 33557543 DOI: 10.1063/5.0034775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Energy transfer measurements are widely used to measure the distance between donors and acceptors in heterogeneous environments. In nanocrystal (NC)-molecule donor-acceptor systems, NC defects can participate in electronic energy transfer (EnT) in a defect-mediated EnT process. Here, we explore whether ensemble-level spectroscopy measurements can quantify the distance between the donor defect sites in the NC and acceptor molecules. We studied defect-mediated EnT between ZnO NCs and Alexa Fluor 555 (A555) because EnT occurs via emissive NC defect sites, such as oxygen vacancies. We synthesized a size series of ZnO NCs and characterized their radii, concentration, photoluminescence (PL) lifetime, and defect PL quantum yield using a combination of transmission electron microscopy, elemental analysis, and time-resolved PL spectroscopy. The ZnO defect PL decay kinetics were analyzed using the stochastic binding (SB) and restricted geometry (RG) models. Both models assume the Förster point dipole approximation, but the RG model considers the geometry of the NC donor in the presence of multiple acceptors. The RG model revealed that the emissive defect sites are separated, on average, 0.5 nm from the A555 acceptor molecules. That is, the emissive defect sites are predominantly located at or near the surface of large NCs. The SB model revealed the average number of A555 molecules per NC and the equilibrium binding constant but did not provide meaningful information regarding the defect-acceptor distance. We conclude that ensemble-level EnT measurements can reveal the spatial distribution of defect sites in NCs without the need for interrogating the sample with a microscope.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zach N Nilsson
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523-1872, USA
| | - Lacey M Beck
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523-1872, USA
| | - Justin B Sambur
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523-1872, USA
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34
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Zhao G, Chen Z, Xiong K, Liang G, Zhang J, Wu K. Triplet energy migration pathways from PbS quantum dots to surface-anchored polyacenes controlled by charge transfer. NANOSCALE 2021; 13:1303-1310. [PMID: 33409530 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr07837a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Sensitization of molecular triplets using PbS quantum dots (QDs), followed by efficient triplet fusion, has been developed as a novel route to near-infrared-to-visible photon upconversion. Fundamentally, however, the mechanisms of triplet energy transfer (TET) from PbS QDs to surface-anchored polyacence acceptors remain highly debated. Here we study and side-by-side compare the kinetic pathways of TET from photoexcited PbS QDs to surface-anchored tetracene and pentacene derivatives using broad-band transient absorption spectroscopy spanning multiple decades of timescales. We find that the TET pathways are dictated by charge-transfer energetics at the QD/molecule interface. Charge transfer from QDs to tetracene was strongly endothermic, and hence spectroscopy showed one-step transformation from QD excited states to tetracene triplets in 302 ns. In contrast, hole transfer from QDs to pentacene was thermodynamically favoured and was confirmed by the formation of pentacene cation radicals in 13 ps, which subsequently evolved into pentacene triplets through a 101 ns electron transfer process. These results not only are consistent with a recently-established framework of charge-transfer-mediated TET, but also provide a route to manipulate triplet sensitization using lead-salt QDs for efficient upconversion of near-infrared photons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guohui Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics and Dynamics Research Center for Energy and Environmental Materials, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, China. and University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zongwei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics and Dynamics Research Center for Energy and Environmental Materials, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, China.
| | - Kao Xiong
- School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China.
| | - Guijie Liang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Low Dimensional Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang, Hubei 441053, China.
| | - Jianbing Zhang
- School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China.
| | - Kaifeng Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics and Dynamics Research Center for Energy and Environmental Materials, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, China.
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Xu Z, Huang Z, Jin T, Lian T, Tang ML. Mechanistic Understanding and Rational Design of Quantum Dot/Mediator Interfaces for Efficient Photon Upconversion. Acc Chem Res 2021; 54:70-80. [PMID: 33141563 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.0c00526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The semiconductor-nanocrystal-sensitized, three-component upconversion system has made great strides over the past 5 years. The three components (i.e., triplet photosensitizer, mediator, and emitter) each play critical roles in determining the input and output photon energy and overall quantum efficiency (QE). The nanocrystal photosensitizer converts the absorbed photon into singlet excitons and then triplet excitons via intersystem crossing. The mediator accepts the triplet exciton via either direct Dexter-type triplet energy transfer (TET) or sequential charge transfer (CT) while extending the exciton lifetime. Through a second triplet energy-transfer step from the mediator to the emitter, the latter is populated in its lowest excited triplet state. Triplet-triplet annihilation (TTA) between two triplet emitters generates the emitter in its bright singlet state, which then emits the upconverted photon. Quantum dots (QD) have a tunable band gap, large extinction coefficient, and small singlet-triplet energy losses compared to metal-ligand charge-transfer complexes. This high triplet exciton yield makes QDs good candidates for photosensitizers. In terms of driving triplet energy transfer, the triplet energy of the mediator should be slightly lower than the triplet exciton energy of the QD sensitizer for a downhill energy landscape with minimal energy loss. The same energy cascade is also required for the transfer from the mediator to the emitter. Finally, the triplet energy of the emitter must be slightly larger than one-half of its singlet energy to ensure that TTA is exothermic. Optimization of the sensitizer, mediator, and emitter will lead to an increase in the anti-Stokes shift and the total quantum efficiency. Evaluating each individual step's efficiency and kinetics is necessary for the understanding of the limiting factors in existing systems.This review summarizes chalcogenide QD-based photon upconversion systems with a focus on the mechanistic aspects of triplet energy transfer conducted by the Tang and Lian groups. Via time-resolved spectroscopy, the rates and major loss pathways associated with the two triplet energy-transfer steps were identified. The studies are focused on the near-infrared (NIR) to visible (VIS) PbS-tetracene-based systems as they allow systematic control of the QD, mediator, and emitter. Our results show that the mediator triplet state is mostly formed by direct TET from the QD and the transfer rate is influenced by the density of bound mediator molecules. Charge transfer, a loss pathway, does not produce triplet excitons and can be minimized by adding an inert shell to the QD. This transfer rate decreases exponentially with the distance between the QD and mediator molecule. The second TET rate was found to be much slower than the diffusion-limited collision rate, which results in the triplet lifetime of the mediator being the main factor limiting its efficiency. Finally, the total quantum efficiency can be calculated using these measured quantities including the TET1 and TET2 efficiencies. The agreement between calculated and measured quantum efficiencies suggests a firm understanding of QD-sensitized photon upconversion. We believe the above conclusions are general and should be widely applicable to similar systems, including singlet fission in hybrid organic-nanocrystal materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihao Xu
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Zhiyuan Huang
- Department of Chemistry, University of California—Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Tao Jin
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Tianquan Lian
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Ming L. Tang
- Department of Chemistry, University of California—Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, United States
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36
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Lai R, Sang Y, Zhao Y, Wu K. Triplet Sensitization and Photon Upconversion Using InP-Based Quantum Dots. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:19825-19829. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c09547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Runchen Lai
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics and Dynamics Research Center for Energy and Environmental Materials, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, China
| | - Youbao Sang
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Lasers, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yang Zhao
- Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, China
| | - Kaifeng Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics and Dynamics Research Center for Energy and Environmental Materials, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, China
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37
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He S, Lai R, Jiang Q, Han Y, Luo X, Tian Y, Liu X, Wu K. Engineering Sensitized Photon Upconversion Efficiency via Nanocrystal Wavefunction and Molecular Geometry. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202009066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shan He
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics Dynamics Research Center for Energy and Environmental Materials Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Dalian Liaoning 116023 China
| | - Runchen Lai
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics Dynamics Research Center for Energy and Environmental Materials Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Dalian Liaoning 116023 China
| | - Qike Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Dalian Liaoning 116023 China
| | - Yaoyao Han
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics Dynamics Research Center for Energy and Environmental Materials Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Dalian Liaoning 116023 China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Xiao Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics Dynamics Research Center for Energy and Environmental Materials Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Dalian Liaoning 116023 China
| | - Yuyang Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics Dynamics Research Center for Energy and Environmental Materials Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Dalian Liaoning 116023 China
| | - Xue Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics Dynamics Research Center for Energy and Environmental Materials Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Dalian Liaoning 116023 China
| | - Kaifeng Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics Dynamics Research Center for Energy and Environmental Materials Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Dalian Liaoning 116023 China
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38
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Rigsby EM, Miyashita T, Jaimes P, Fishman DA, Tang ML. On the size-dependence of CdSe nanocrystals for photon upconversion with anthracene. J Chem Phys 2020; 153:114702. [PMID: 32962360 DOI: 10.1063/5.0017585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
In triplet-triplet annihilation based photon upconversion, controlling triplet energy transfer (TET) through the system is key to unlocking higher efficiencies. In this work, we vary the size of colloidally synthesized CdSe nanocrystals (NCs) to examine the effects on TET during photon upconversion, using steady-state measurements and transient absorption spectroscopy. As the CdSe NC size increases, the photon upconversion quantum yield (QY) decreases due to the decrease in the rate of TET from CdSe to the surface bound anthracene transmitter ligand, as expected for the Marcus description of energy transfer from the transmitter to the NC. Long microsecond transmitter lifetimes are critical to high photon upconversion QYs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily M Rigsby
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, USA
| | - Tsumugi Miyashita
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, USA
| | - Paulina Jaimes
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, USA
| | - Dmitry A Fishman
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, USA
| | - Ming Lee Tang
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, USA
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Lai R, Wu K. Red-to-blue photon upconversion based on a triplet energy transfer process not retarded but enabled by shell-coated quantum dots. J Chem Phys 2020; 153:114701. [DOI: 10.1063/5.0023052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Runchen Lai
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics and Dynamics Research Center for Energy and Environmental Materials, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, China
| | - Kaifeng Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics and Dynamics Research Center for Energy and Environmental Materials, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, China
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40
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Manna B, Nandi A, Nath S, Agarwal N, Ghosh R. Comparative studies of photophysics and exciton dynamics of different diphenylanthracene (DPA) nanoaggregates. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2020.112700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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41
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Chen K, Wang C, Peng Z, Qi K, Guo Z, Zhang Y, Zhang H. The chemistry of colloidal semiconductor nanocrystals: From metal-chalcogenides to emerging perovskite. Coord Chem Rev 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2020.213333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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42
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Ronchi A, Capitani C, Pinchetti V, Gariano G, Zaffalon ML, Meinardi F, Brovelli S, Monguzzi A. High Photon Upconversion Efficiency with Hybrid Triplet Sensitizers by Ultrafast Hole-Routing in Electronic-Doped Nanocrystals. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e2002953. [PMID: 32761660 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202002953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Revised: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Low-power photon upconversion (UC) based on sensitized triplet-triplet annihilation (sTTA) is considered as the most promising upward wavelength-shifting technique to enhance the light-harvesting capability of solar devices. Colloidal nanocrystals (NCs) with conjugated organic ligands have been recently proposed to extend the limited light-harvesting capability of molecular absorbers. Key to their functioning is efficient energy transfer (ET) from the NC to the triplet state of the ligands that sensitize free annihilator moieties responsible for the upconverted luminescence. The ET efficiency is typically limited by parasitic processes, above all nonradiative hole-transfer to the ligand highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO). Here, a new exciton-manipulation approach is demonstrated that enables loss-free ET by electronically doping CdSe NCs with gold impurities that introduce a hole-accepting intragap state above the HOMO energy of 9-anthracene acid ligands. Upon photoexcitation, the NC photoholes are rapidly routed to the Au-level, producing a long-lived bound exciton in perfect resonance with the ligand triplet. This hinders hole-transfer leading to ≈100% efficient ET that translates into an upconversion quantum yield as high as ≈12% (≈24% in the normalized definition), which is the highest performance for NC-based upconverters based on sTTA to date and approaches the record efficiency of optimized organic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Ronchi
- Dipartimento di Scienza dei Materiali, Università degli Studi Milano Bicocca, via R. Cozzi 55, Milan, 20125, Italy
| | - Chiara Capitani
- Dipartimento di Scienza dei Materiali, Università degli Studi Milano Bicocca, via R. Cozzi 55, Milan, 20125, Italy
- Glass to Power SpA, Via Fortunato Zeni 8, Rovereto, I-38068, Italy
| | - Valerio Pinchetti
- Dipartimento di Scienza dei Materiali, Università degli Studi Milano Bicocca, via R. Cozzi 55, Milan, 20125, Italy
| | | | - Matteo L Zaffalon
- Dipartimento di Scienza dei Materiali, Università degli Studi Milano Bicocca, via R. Cozzi 55, Milan, 20125, Italy
| | - Francesco Meinardi
- Dipartimento di Scienza dei Materiali, Università degli Studi Milano Bicocca, via R. Cozzi 55, Milan, 20125, Italy
- Glass to Power SpA, Via Fortunato Zeni 8, Rovereto, I-38068, Italy
| | - Sergio Brovelli
- Dipartimento di Scienza dei Materiali, Università degli Studi Milano Bicocca, via R. Cozzi 55, Milan, 20125, Italy
- Glass to Power SpA, Via Fortunato Zeni 8, Rovereto, I-38068, Italy
| | - Angelo Monguzzi
- Dipartimento di Scienza dei Materiali, Università degli Studi Milano Bicocca, via R. Cozzi 55, Milan, 20125, Italy
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43
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Jin T, Lian T. Trap state mediated triplet energy transfer from CdSe quantum dots to molecular acceptors. J Chem Phys 2020; 153:074703. [PMID: 32828113 DOI: 10.1063/5.0022061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Triplet energy transfer (TET) from quantum dots (QDs) to molecular acceptors has received intense research interest because of its promising application as triplet sensitizers in photon up-conversion. Compared to QD band edge excitons, the role and mechanism of trap state mediated TET in QD-acceptor complexes have not been well understood despite the prevalence of trap states in many QDs. Herein, TET from trap states in CdSe QDs to adsorbed 9-anthracene carboxylic acid (ACA) is studied with steady state photoluminescence, transient absorption spectroscopy, and time-resolved photoluminescence. We show that both band edge and trap excitons undergo direct Dexter energy transfer to form the triplet excited state of ACA. The rate of TET decreases from (0.340 ± 0.002) ns-1 to (0.124 ± 0.004) ns-1 for trap excitons with decreasing energy from 2.25 eV to 1.57 eV, while the TET rate from band edge excitons is 13-37 times faster than trapped excitons. Despite slightly higher TET quantum efficiency from band edge excitons (∼100%) than trapped excitons (∼95%), the overall TET process from CdSe to ACA is dominated by trapped excitons because of their larger relative populations. This result demonstrates the important role of trap state mediated TET in nanocrystal sensitized triplet generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Jin
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, 1515 Dickey Dr., Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA
| | - Tianquan Lian
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, 1515 Dickey Dr., Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA
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Xu Z, Huang Z, Li C, Huang T, Evangelista FA, Tang ML, Lian T. Tuning the Quantum Dot (QD)/Mediator Interface for Optimal Efficiency of QD-Sensitized Near-Infrared-to-Visible Photon Upconversion Systems. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:36558-36567. [PMID: 32677433 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c10269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Lead sulfide (PbS) quantum dots (QDs) have shown promising performance as a sensitizer in infrared-to-visible photon upconversion systems. To investigate the key design rules, we compare three PbS-sensitized upconversion systems using three mediator molecules with the same tetracene triplet acceptor at different distances from the QD. Using transient absorption spectroscopy, we directly measure the triplet energy-transfer rates and efficiencies from the QD to the mediator and from the mediator to the emitter. With increasing distance between the mediator and PbS QD, the efficiency of the first triplet energy transfer from the QD to the mediator decreases because of a decrease in the rate of this triplet energy-transfer step, while the efficiency of the second triplet energy transfer from the mediator to the emitter increases because of a reduction in the QD-induced mediator triplet state decay. The latter effect is a result of the slow rate constant of the second triplet energy-transfer process, which is 3 orders of magnitude slower than the diffusion-limited value. The combined results lead to a net decrease of the steady-state upconversion quantum yield with distance, which could be predicted by our kinetic model. Our result shows that the QD/mediator interface affects both the first and second triplet energy transfer processes in the photon upconversion system, and the QD/mediator distance has an opposite effect on the efficiencies of the first and second triplet energy transfer. These findings provide important insight for the further rational improvement of the overall efficiency of QD-based upconversion systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihao Xu
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Zhiyuan Huang
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Chenyang Li
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Tingting Huang
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | | | - Ming L Tang
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Tianquan Lian
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
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45
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He S, Lai R, Jiang Q, Han Y, Luo X, Tian Y, Liu X, Wu K. Engineering Sensitized Photon Upconversion Efficiency via Nanocrystal Wavefunction and Molecular Geometry. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:17726-17731. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202009066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shan He
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics Dynamics Research Center for Energy and Environmental Materials Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Dalian Liaoning 116023 China
| | - Runchen Lai
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics Dynamics Research Center for Energy and Environmental Materials Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Dalian Liaoning 116023 China
| | - Qike Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Dalian Liaoning 116023 China
| | - Yaoyao Han
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics Dynamics Research Center for Energy and Environmental Materials Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Dalian Liaoning 116023 China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Xiao Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics Dynamics Research Center for Energy and Environmental Materials Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Dalian Liaoning 116023 China
| | - Yuyang Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics Dynamics Research Center for Energy and Environmental Materials Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Dalian Liaoning 116023 China
| | - Xue Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics Dynamics Research Center for Energy and Environmental Materials Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Dalian Liaoning 116023 China
| | - Kaifeng Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics Dynamics Research Center for Energy and Environmental Materials Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Dalian Liaoning 116023 China
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46
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobuhiro Yanai
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Graduate School of Engineering Center for Molecular Systems (CMS) Kyushu University 744 Moto-oka, Nishi-ku Fukuoka 819-0395 Japan
- JST-PRESTO Honcho 4-1-8, Kawaguchi Saitama 332-0012 Japan
| | - Nobuo Kimizuka
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Graduate School of Engineering Center for Molecular Systems (CMS) Kyushu University 744 Moto-oka, Nishi-ku Fukuoka 819-0395 Japan
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47
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Wieghold S, Bieber AS, Lackner J, Nienhaus K, Nienhaus GU, Nienhaus L. One‐Step Fabrication of Perovskite‐Based Upconversion Devices. CHEMPHOTOCHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/cptc.202000068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Wieghold
- Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryFlorida State University 95 Chieftan Way Tallahassee FL 32306 USA
| | - Alexander S. Bieber
- Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryFlorida State University 95 Chieftan Way Tallahassee FL 32306 USA
| | - Jens Lackner
- Institute of Applied Physics (APH)Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Wolfgang-Gaede-Str. 1 76131 Karlsruhe Germany
| | - Karin Nienhaus
- Institute of Applied Physics (APH)Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Wolfgang-Gaede-Str. 1 76131 Karlsruhe Germany
| | - G. Ulrich Nienhaus
- Institute of Applied Physics (APH)Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Wolfgang-Gaede-Str. 1 76131 Karlsruhe Germany
- Institute of Nanotechnology (INT)Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Germany
- Institute of Biological and Chemical Systems (IBCS)Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Germany
- Department of PhysicsUniversity of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign 1110 West Green Street Urbana IL 61801 USA
| | - Lea Nienhaus
- Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryFlorida State University 95 Chieftan Way Tallahassee FL 32306 USA
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48
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Yonemoto DT, Papa CM, Mongin C, Castellano FN. Thermally Activated Delayed Photoluminescence: Deterministic Control of Excited-State Decay. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:10883-10893. [PMID: 32497428 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c03331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Thermally activated photophysical processes are ubiquitous in numerous organic and metal-organic molecules, leading to chromophores with excited-state properties that can be considered an equilibrium mixture of the available low-lying states. Relative populations of the equilibrated states are governed by temperature. Such molecules have been devised as high quantum yield emitters in modern organic light-emitting diode technology and for deterministic excited-state lifetime control to enhance chemical reactivity in solar energy conversion and photocatalytic schemes. The recent discovery of thermally activated photophysics at CdSe nanocrystal-molecule interfaces enables a new paradigm wherein molecule-quantum dot constructs are used to systematically generate material with predetermined photophysical response and excited-state properties. Semiconductor nanomaterials feature size-tunable energy level engineering, which considerably expands the purview of thermally activated photophysics beyond what is possible using only molecules. This Perspective is intended to provide a nonexhaustive overview of the advances that led to the integration of semiconductor quantum dots in thermally activated delayed photoluminescence (TADPL) schemes and to identify important challenges moving into the future. The initial establishment of excited-state lifetime extension utilizing triplet-triplet excited-state equilibria is detailed. Next, advances involving the rational design of molecules composed of both metal-containing and organic-based chromophores that produce the desired TADPL are described. Finally, the recent introduction of semiconductor nanomaterials into hybrid TADPL constructs is discussed, paving the way toward the realization of fine-tuned deterministic control of excited-state decay. It is envisioned that libraries of synthetically facile composites will be broadly deployed as photosensitizers and light emitters for numerous synthetic and optoelectronic applications in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel T Yonemoto
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-8204, United States
| | - Christopher M Papa
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-8204, United States
| | - Cedric Mongin
- Laboratoire PPSM, ENS Paris-Saclay, 61 Avenue du Président Wilson, 94235 Cachan CEDEX, France
| | - Felix N Castellano
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-8204, United States
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49
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Jin T, Uhlikova N, Xu Z, Zhu Y, Huang Y, Egap E, Lian T. Competition of Dexter, Förster, and charge transfer pathways for quantum dot sensitized triplet generation. J Chem Phys 2020; 152:214702. [DOI: 10.1063/5.0009833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Tao Jin
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, 1515 Dickey Dr., Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA
| | - Natalie Uhlikova
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, 1515 Dickey Dr., Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA
| | - Zihao Xu
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, 1515 Dickey Dr., Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA
| | - Yifan Zhu
- Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering, Rice University, 6100 Main St., Houston, Texas 77005, USA
| | - Yiming Huang
- Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering, Rice University, 6100 Main St., Houston, Texas 77005, USA
| | - Eilaf Egap
- Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering, Rice University, 6100 Main St., Houston, Texas 77005, USA
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Rice University, 6100 Main St., Houston, Texas 77005, USA
| | - Tianquan Lian
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, 1515 Dickey Dr., Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA
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50
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Luo X, Liang G, Han Y, Li Y, Ding T, He S, Liu X, Wu K. Triplet Energy Transfer from Perovskite Nanocrystals Mediated by Electron Transfer. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:11270-11278. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c04583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics and Dynamics Research Center for Energy and Environmental Materials, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, China
- School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan 610054, China
| | - Guijie Liang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Low Dimensional Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang, Hubei 441053, China
| | - Yaoyao Han
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics and Dynamics Research Center for Energy and Environmental Materials, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yulu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics and Dynamics Research Center for Energy and Environmental Materials, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, China
| | - Tao Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics and Dynamics Research Center for Energy and Environmental Materials, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, China
| | - Shan He
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics and Dynamics Research Center for Energy and Environmental Materials, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, China
| | - Xue Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics and Dynamics Research Center for Energy and Environmental Materials, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, China
| | - Kaifeng Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics and Dynamics Research Center for Energy and Environmental Materials, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, China
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