1
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Sayyad US, Waghmare S, Mondal S. A proton-coupled electron transfer process from functionalized carbon dots to molecular substrates: the role of pH. NANOSCALE 2024. [PMID: 39264128 DOI: 10.1039/d4nr02655a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/13/2024]
Abstract
Multiple electron and proton transfers in nanomaterials pose significant demands and challenges across the various fields such as renewable energy, chemical processes, biological applications, and photophysics. In this context, pH-responsive functional group-enriched carbon dots (C-Dots) emerge as superior proton-coupled electron transfer (PCET) agents owing to the presence of multiple functional groups (-COOH, -NH2, and -OH) on the surface and redox-active sites in the core. Here, we elucidate the 2e-/2H+ transfer ability of carboxyl-enriched C-Dots (C-Dot-COOH) and amine-enriched C-Dots (C-Dot-NH2) with molecular 2e-/2H+ acceptor (benzoquinone, BQ) as a function of pKa, facilitated by the formation of new O-H bonds. The ground state and excited state pKa values of different functional groups on the surface of C-Dots are determined using steady-state absorbance and photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy. The optical spectroscopy and electrochemical studies are employed to comprehend the influence of the surface and core of C-Dots on the proton and electron transfer processes as a function of pH. The cyclic voltammetry analysis reveals a standard Nernstian shift in E1/2 per pH unit of 30 mV, indicating that the functionalized C-Dots hold promise as candidates for the 2e-/2H+ transfer process. The calculated bond dissociation free energy (BDFE) of the electroactive O-H/N-H bonds provides a more nuanced and detailed understanding of PCET thermodynamic landscapes. These findings underscore the potential of nanoscale functionalized C-Dots for facilitating multiple PCET reactions in future energy technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umarfaruk S Sayyad
- Institute of Chemical Technology, Mumbai, Marathwada Campus, Jalna, Maharashtra 431203, India.
| | - Sapna Waghmare
- Institute of Chemical Technology, Mumbai, Marathwada Campus, Jalna, Maharashtra 431203, India.
| | - Somen Mondal
- Institute of Chemical Technology, Mumbai, Marathwada Campus, Jalna, Maharashtra 431203, India.
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2
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Saini S, Kumar K, Saini P, Sethi M, Meena P, Dandia A, Weigand W, Parewa V. Elucidating the Synergistic Promotional Mechanism of Water and Oxygen in the Aerobic C-C Homocoupling Reaction Catalyzed by Visible-Light-Derived Core-Shell Pd@A-CQDs Nanostructures. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:46200-46215. [PMID: 39164891 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c04739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/22/2024]
Abstract
Rational design and precise synthesis of biogenic noble-metal-based catalysts possessing distinctive structure and composition play a crucial role in the chemical industry, enabling sustainable construction of an inclusive range of chemical resources. In this study, we have effectively fabricated Pd@A-CQDs through a straightforward one-pot aqueous protocol assisted by visible light employing renewable biomass-derived amine-rich carbon quantum dots (A-CQDs). The remarkable visible light harnessing capability (bandgap, ca. 2.81 eV), high density (35.7 × 1018 cm-3), and long lifetime (25 ps) of photocharge carriers and amine-rich surface in A-CQDs make them ideal candidates as both reducing and stabilizing agents, thereby facilitating the in situ construction of metallic Pd(0) nanoparticles. Comprehensive physicochemical characterizations have provided compelling evidence for the spherical morphology of Pd@A-CQDs core-shell nanostructures, with ultrathin A-CQDs shells of ca. 1.9 nm and an average diameter of 14 ± 1 nm. The effectiveness of the synthesized Pd@A-CQDs catalysts was assessed in the ligand- and base-free homocoupling reaction of arylboronic acids in water at ambient temperature. The catalytic tests demonstrated the selective production of the homocoupled compound over protodeboronation products with excellent yield and high catalyst recyclability under ambient conditions. The protocol employed exhibited a high TOF (1.05 × 10-2 mol g-1 min-1) and a low E-factor, with a remarkably low palladium loading. XPS analysis confirmed the retention of the metallic nature of the palladium core within the catalysts during the reaction. The catalytic function of the palladium core in conjunction with the A-CQDs shell, along with the promotional effects provided by water and oxygen for the formation of nucleophilic tetravalent boron, was conclusively recognized by 11B NMR and O2-TPD measurements. The obtained experimental results deliver valuable insights into the probable reaction pathway for the homocoupling reaction catalyzed by the Pd@A-CQDs catalysts. Through a comprehensive and sustainable evaluation, the current methodology exhibits superior performance compared to previously documented techniques in relation to estimated circularity and adherence to good manufacturing practices (GMP).
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Affiliation(s)
- Surendra Saini
- Centre of Advanced Studies, Department of Chemistry, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur 302004, India
| | - Krishan Kumar
- Centre of Advanced Studies, Department of Chemistry, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur 302004, India
| | - Pratibha Saini
- Centre of Advanced Studies, Department of Chemistry, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur 302004, India
- Institute Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, D-07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Mukul Sethi
- Centre of Advanced Studies, Department of Chemistry, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur 302004, India
| | - Priyanka Meena
- Centre of Advanced Studies, Department of Chemistry, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur 302004, India
| | - Anshu Dandia
- Centre of Advanced Studies, Department of Chemistry, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur 302004, India
| | - Wolfgang Weigand
- Institute Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, D-07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Vijay Parewa
- Centre of Advanced Studies, Department of Chemistry, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur 302004, India
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3
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Kumar K, Saini P, Sethi M, Saini S, Gurjar A, Konar A, Dietzek-Ivanšić B, Weigand W, Parewa V. Vacancy-Engineered 1D Nanorods with Spatially Segregated Dual Redox Sites for Visible-Light-Driven Cooperative CO 2 Reduction. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:43498-43511. [PMID: 39115165 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c06834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/23/2024]
Abstract
Cooperative CO2 photoreduction with tailored organic synthesis offers a potent avenue for harnessing concurrently generated electrons and holes, facilitating the creation of both solar fuels and specialized chemical compounds. However, controlling the crystallization and morphologies of metal-free molecular nanostructures with exceptional photocatalytic activities toward CO2 reduction remains a significant challenge. These hurdles encompass insufficient CO2 activation potential, sluggish multielectron processes, delayed charge-separation kinetics, inadequate storage of long-lived photoexcitons, unfavorable thermodynamic conditions, and the precise control of product selectivity. Here, melem oligomer 2D nanosheets (MNSs) synthesized through pyrolysis are transformed into 1D nanorods (MNRs) at room temperature with the simultaneous engineering of vacancies and morphology. Transient absorption spectral analysis reveals that vacancies in MNRs trap charges, extending charge carrier lifetimes. Additionally, carbon vacancies enhance CO2 adsorption by increasing amine functional centers. The photocatalytic performance of MNRs for CO2 reduction coupled with benzyl alcohol oxidation is approximately ten times higher (CH3OH and aromatic aldehyde production rate 27 ± 0.5 and 93 ± 0.5 mmol g-1 h-1, respectively) than for the MNSs (CH3OH and aromatic aldehyde production rate 2.9 ± 0.5 and 9 ± 0.5 mmol g-1 h-1, respectively). The CO2 reduction pathway involved the carbon-coordinated formyl pathway through the formation of *COOH and *CHO intermediates, as mapped by in situ Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. The superior performance of MNRs is attributed to favorable energy-level alignment, enriched amine surfaces, and unique morphology, enhancing solar-to-chemical conversion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishan Kumar
- Centre of Advanced Studies, Department of Chemistry, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur 302004 India
| | - Pratibha Saini
- Institute Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena D-07743, Germany
- Institute for Physical Chemistry (IPC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena D-07743, Germany
| | - Mukul Sethi
- Centre of Advanced Studies, Department of Chemistry, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur 302004 India
| | - Surendra Saini
- Centre of Advanced Studies, Department of Chemistry, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur 302004 India
| | - Aditya Gurjar
- Centre of Advanced Studies, Department of Chemistry, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur 302004 India
| | - Arindam Konar
- Institute for Physical Chemistry (IPC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena D-07743, Germany
| | - Benjamin Dietzek-Ivanšić
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Helmholtzweg 4, Jena 07743, Germany
- Department of Functional Interfaces, Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology (IPHT), Albert-Einstein-Str. 9, Jena 07745, Germany
- Center for Energy and Environmental Chemistry Jena (CEEC Jena), Philosophenweg 7a, Jena 07743, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Weigand
- Institute Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena D-07743, Germany
| | - Vijay Parewa
- Centre of Advanced Studies, Department of Chemistry, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur 302004 India
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4
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Lee DY, Haider Z, Krishnan SK, Kanagaraj T, Son SH, Jae J, Kim JR, Murphin Kumar PS, Kim HI. Oxygen-enriched carbon quantum dots from coffee waste: Extremely active organic photocatalyst for sustainable solar-to-H 2O 2 conversion. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 361:142330. [PMID: 38759805 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.142330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024]
Abstract
Solar-driven artificial photosynthesis offers a promising avenue for hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) generation, an efficient and economical replacement for current methods. The efficiency and selectivity hurdles of the two-electron oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in solar-to- H2O2 conversion are substantial barriers to large scale production. In this manuscript, a simple biomass-assisted synthesis was performed to produce oxygen-enriched carbon quantum dots (OE-CQDs) from spent coffee waste, acting as an efficient photocatalyst for solar-powered H2O2 production. OE-CQDs can stabilize and store light-generated electrons effectively, boosting charge separation and enhancing photocatalytic performance with longevity. The maximal photocatalytic H2O2 production was achieved viz the utilization of OE-CQDs with generation rate of 356.86 μmol g-1 h-1 by retaining 80% activity without any external sacrificial donors. The outstanding performance of synthesized OE-CQDs under light exposure at wavelength (λ) of 280 nm has been ensured by the quantum yield value of 9.4% upon H2O2 generation. The combinatorial benefits of OE-CQDs with their authentic crystalline structure and oxygen enrichment, is expected to be enhancing the ORR activity through accelerating charge transfer, and optimizing oxygen diffusion. Consequently, our eco-friendly method holds considerable promise for creating highly efficient, metal-free photocatalysts for artificial H2O2 production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Do-Yeon Lee
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea.
| | - Zeeshan Haider
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea; Department of Physics, Incheon National University, 119-Academy-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon, 22012, Republic of Korea.
| | - Siva Kumar Krishnan
- CONACYT-Instituto de Física, Benemérita Universidad Autosome de Puebla, Apdo. Postal J-48, Puebla, 72570, Mexico.
| | - Thamaraiselvi Kanagaraj
- Department of Biomaterials, Saveetha Dental College and Hospital, SIMATS, Saveetha University, Chennai, 600077, India.
| | - Sang Hwan Son
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jungho Jae
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jung Rae Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea.
| | - Paskalis Sahaya Murphin Kumar
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea; Department of Chemical Engineering, National Chung Cheng University, Chia-Yi, 62102, Taiwan; Advanced Institute of Manufacturing with High-Tech Innovations, National Chung Cheng University, Chia-Yi, 62102, Taiwan.
| | - Hyoung-Il Kim
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea; Future City Open Innovation Center, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea.
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5
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Sayyad US, Bhatt H, Ghosh HN, Mondal S. Delineating the core and surface state heterogeneity of carbon dots during electron transfer. NANOSCALE 2024; 16:8143-8150. [PMID: 38572546 DOI: 10.1039/d4nr00271g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
Exploring the heterogeneity of carbon dots (C-Dots) is challenging because of the existence of complex structural diversity, and it is a demanding task for the development and designing of efficient C-Dots for various applications. Herein, we studied the role of the core state and surface state of C-Dots in heterogeneity via the successful investigation of the electron transfer (ET) process between different (blue, green, and red) emitting C-Dots and an electron acceptor methyl viologen (MV2+) using steady-state and time-resolved fluorescence and ultrafast transient absorption (TA) spectroscopic techniques. Selective excitation in the steady-state and time-resolved mode shows that the ET ability of the core state is higher than that of the surface state. Moreover, the kinetics of MV+˙ generation was probed using TA spectroscopy after the excitation of the core and surface state, where we observed that the surface state becomes less efficient due to the presence of an oxygen-containing functional group in the surface state, which acts as an electron scavenger. Moreover, the heterogeneity of the core and surface state was explored through the detection of the MV+˙ generation yield after the irradiation of UV and visible light (exciting the core and surface state). The result indicates that the graphitic nitrogen content in the core state and the oxygen-containing functional group in the surface state play an important role in the heterogeneity in the structure and the ET process. Our findings on the fundamental understanding of the heterogeneity of different emissive C-Dots will provide a new way of designing and developing a metal-free light-harvesting system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umarfaruk S Sayyad
- Institute of Chemical Technology, Mumbai, Marathwada Campus, Jalna, Maharashtra 431203, India.
| | - Himanshu Bhatt
- Institute of Nano science and Technology, Mohali, Punjab 140306, India
| | - Hirendra N Ghosh
- School of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER), Bhubaneswar, Odisha 752050, India
| | - Somen Mondal
- Institute of Chemical Technology, Mumbai, Marathwada Campus, Jalna, Maharashtra 431203, India.
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6
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Zhang J, Yuan C, Dou H, Zhu R, Li L, Weng TC. Unveiling Carrier Relaxation Mechanism in Protonated/Deprotonated Carbon Dots and Their Solvent Effects via Ultrafast Spectroscopy. Chem Asian J 2023:e202301082. [PMID: 38155528 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202301082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
The intricate nature of the surface structure of carbon dots (CDs) hinders a comprehensive understanding of their emission behavior. In this study, we employ two types of CDs created through acid-alkali treatments, one with surface protonation and the other with surface deprotonation, with the objective of investigating the impact of these surface modifications on carrier behavior using ultrafast spectroscopy techniques. TEM, XRD, FTIR and Raman spectra demonstrate the CDs' structure, featuring graphitic core and abundant surface functional groups. XPS confirms the successful surface modifications of CDs via protonation and deprotonation. Ultrafast transient absorption (TA) spectroscopy reveals that deprotonation modification may decelerate the relaxation process, thereby increasing the visible PL quantum yields (PLQY). Conversely, protonation may accelerate the relaxation process due to the induced low-energy absorption band, resulting in self-absorption and reduced PLQY. Furthermore, TA analysis of CDs in mixed solvents with different proportions of ethanol shows the beneficial effect of ethanol in decelerating the relaxation process, leading to an increased PLQY of 33.7 % for deprotonated CDs and 22.1 % for protonated CDs. This study illuminates the intricate relationship between surface deprotonation/protonation modifications and carrier behavior in CDs, offering a potential avenue for the design of high-brightness CDs for diverse applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihao Zhang
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China
- Center for Transformative Science, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Chunze Yuan
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China
- Center for Transformative Science, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Hongbin Dou
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China
- Center for Transformative Science, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Ruixue Zhu
- Center for Transformative Science, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Lin Li
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China
- Center for Transformative Science, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Tsu-Chien Weng
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China
- Center for Transformative Science, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China
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7
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Liu J, Chen J, Zhang Y, Liu L, Guo Y, Yuan R, Chai Y. Selenium and nitrogen co-doped carbon dots with highly efficient electrochemiluminescence for ultrasensitive detection of microRNA. Biosens Bioelectron 2023; 240:115607. [PMID: 37660459 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2023.115607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 08/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
In this work, selenium and nitrogen co-doped carbon dots (SeN-CDs) possessing highly efficient electrochemiluminescence (ECL) and excellent biocompatibility were synthesized as a new emitter with S2O82- as a coreactant for constructing a biosensor to detect microRNA-221 (miRNA-221) sensitively. Notably, the SeN-CDs exhibited superior ECL performance compared with the N-doped CDs, in which selenium with excellent redox activity served as a coreaction accelerator for facilitating the electroreduction of S2O82- to significantly improve ECL efficiency. Furthermore, target-induced T7 exonuclease (T7 Exo)-assisted double cycle amplification strategy could convert traces of target miRNA-221 into large amounts of output DNA to capture three-dimensional (3D) nanostructures (DTN-Au NPs-DOX-Fc) loaded with large amounts of ECL signal quencher. The constructed biosensor could realize ultrasensitive detection of miRNA-221 and has a low detection limit reaching 2.3 aM, with a successful application to detect miRNA-221 in lysate of Hela and MHCC97-L cancer cell. This work explored a novel method to strengthen the ECL performance of CDs to construct an ECL biosensing platform with sensitive detecting of biomarkers and disease diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Liu
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, PR China
| | - Jie Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, 9 th People's Hospital of Chongqing, Chongqing, 400700, PR China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, PR China
| | - Linlei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, PR China
| | - YuZhuo Guo
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, PR China
| | - Ruo Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, PR China.
| | - Yaqin Chai
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, PR China.
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8
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Zhang Y, Wang L, Hu Y, Sui L, Cheng L, Lu S. Centralized Excited States and Fast Radiation Transitions Reduce Laser Threshold in Carbon Dots. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2207983. [PMID: 36843250 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202207983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 02/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
As a new type of solution-processed nano-laser material, carbon dots (CDs) have shown considerable potential in optical communication, laser displays, micro/nano processing, and biomedicine. Reducing the laser threshold of the gain material is of considerable significance for further development of CDs' applications in the field of micro/nano lasers. A series of blue-emissive CDs (B-CDs) are synthesized by changing the molar ratios of the precursors (citric acid (CA): L-Cysteine (L-Cys)). B-CDs have a structure of carbon nanoparticles with their surface being modified with 5-oxo-3,5-dihydro-2Hthiazolo [3,2-a]pyridine-7-carboxylic acid (TPCA). The laser can only be generated when the molar ratio of the precursors is between 1:1 and 2:1. With an increase in this ratio, the laser threshold decreases from 341.6 to 165.5 mJ cm-2 . The decrease in the laser threshold is attributed to the increase in the radiation transition rate and centralized sp3 -related excited state levels, which are favorable for light amplification and population inversion. These results will be instructional for the reasonably design of CDs-based laser materials and prompt their potential use in practical photonics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongqiang Zhang
- Green Catalysis Center, and College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, No. 100 Kexue Road, Zhengzhou, 450001, P. R. China
| | - Lu Wang
- Green Catalysis Center, and College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, No. 100 Kexue Road, Zhengzhou, 450001, P. R. China
| | - Yongsheng Hu
- School of Physics and Microelectronics, Zhengzhou University, No. 100 Kexue Road, Zhengzhou, 450001, P. R. China
| | - Laizhi Sui
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics and Dalian Coherent Light Source, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 457 zhongshan road, Dalian, 116023, P. R. China
| | - Liwen Cheng
- College of Physical Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, No. 88 South Daxue Road, Yangzhou, 225002, P. R. China
| | - Siyu Lu
- Green Catalysis Center, and College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, No. 100 Kexue Road, Zhengzhou, 450001, P. R. China
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9
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Ayu D, Gea S, Andriayani, Telaumbanua DJ, Piliang AFR, Harahap M, Yen Z, Goei R, Tok AIY. Photocatalytic Degradation of Methylene Blue Using N-Doped ZnO/Carbon Dot (N-ZnO/CD) Nanocomposites Derived from Organic Soybean. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:14965-14984. [PMID: 37151531 PMCID: PMC10157678 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c07546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
This study reports on successful synthesis of carbon dots (CDs), nitrogen-doped zinc oxide (N-ZnO), and N-ZnO/CD nanocomposites as photocatalysts for degradation of methylene blue. The first part was the synthesis of CDs utilizing a precursor from soybean and ethylenediamine as a dopant by a hydrothermal method. The second part was the synthesis of N-ZnO with urea as the nitrogen dopant carried out by a calcination method in a furnace at 500 °C for 2 h in an N2 atmosphere (5 °C min-1). The third part was the synthesis of N-ZnO/CD nanocomposites. The characteristics of CDs, N-ZnO, and N-ZnO/CD nanocomposites were analyzed through Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), UV-vis absorbance, photoluminescence (PL), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermal gravimetry analysis (TGA), field-emission scanning electron microscopy energy-dispersive spectroscopy (FESEM EDS), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) analysis. Based on the HR-TEM analysis, the CDs had a spherical shape with an average particle size of 4.249 nm. Meanwhile, based on the XRD and HR-TEM characterization, the N-ZnO and N-ZnO/CD nanocomposites have wurtzite hexagonal structures. The materials of N-ZnO and N-ZnO/CD show increased adsorption in the visible light region and low energy gap E g. The E g values of N-ZnO and N-ZnO/CDs were found to be 2.95 and 2.81 eV, respectively, whereas the surface area (S BET) values 3.827 m2 g-1 (N-ZnO) and 3.757 m2 g-1(N-ZnO/CDs) belonged to the microporous structure. In the last part, the photocatalysts of CDs, N-ZnO, and N-ZnO/CD nanocomposites were used for degradation of MB (10 ppm) under UV-B light irradiation pH = 7.04 (neutral) for 60 min at room temperature. The N-ZnO/CD nanocomposites showed a photodegradation efficiency of 83.4% with a kinetic rate of 0.0299 min-1 higher than N-ZnO and CDs. The XRD analysis and FESEM EDS of the N-ZnO/CDs before and after three cycles confirm the stability of the photocatalyst with an MB degradation of 58.2%. These results have clearly shown that the N-ZnO/CD nanocomposites could be used as an ideal photocatalytic material for the decolorization of organic compounds in wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dinda
Gusti Ayu
- Postgraduate
School, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural
Sciences, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan 20155, Indonesia
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan 20155, Indonesia
- Cellulosic
and Functional Materials Research Centre, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan 20155, Indonesia
| | - Saharman Gea
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan 20155, Indonesia
- Cellulosic
and Functional Materials Research Centre, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan 20155, Indonesia
| | - Andriayani
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan 20155, Indonesia
| | - Dewi Junita Telaumbanua
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan 20155, Indonesia
| | - Averroes Fazlur Rahman Piliang
- Cellulosic
and Functional Materials Research Centre, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan 20155, Indonesia
- Department
of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan 20155, Indonesia
| | - Mahyuni Harahap
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science Technology and Information, Universitas Sari Mutiara Indonesia, Medan 20124, Indonesia
| | - Zhihao Yen
- School of
Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang
Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore
| | - Ronn Goei
- School of
Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang
Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore
| | - Alfred Iing Yoong Tok
- School of
Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang
Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore
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10
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Guo YZ, Yang YT, Chen YF, Liu JL, Chai YQ, Yuan R. Nitrogen-, Sulfur-, and Fluorine-Codoped Carbon Dots with Low Excitation Potential and High Electrochemiluminescence Efficiency for Sensitive Detection of Matrix Metalloproteinase-2. Anal Chem 2023; 95:7021-7029. [PMID: 37081730 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c00685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/22/2023]
Abstract
In this study, nitrogen-, sulfur-, and fluorine-codoped carbon dots (NSF-CDs) with high electrochemiluminescence (ECL) efficiency were developed as novel emitters to fabricate an ECL biosensor for sensitive detection of matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP-2). Impressively, compared to previously reported CDs, NSF-CDs with narrow band gap not only decreased the excitation voltage to reduce the side reaction and the damage on biomolecules but also had hydrogen bonds to vastly enhance the ECL efficiency. Furthermore, an improved exonuclease III (Exo III)-assisted nucleic acid amplification method was established to convert trace MMP-2 into a mass of output DNA, which greatly improved the target conversion efficiency and ECL signal. Hence, the ECL biosensor has realized the sensitive detection of MMP-2 proteins from 10 fg/mL to 10 ng/mL with a limit of detection of 6.83 fg/mL and has been successfully applied in the detection of MMP-2 from Hela and MCF-7 cancer cells. This strategy offered neoteric CDs as ECL emitters for sensitive testing of biomarkers in medical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Zhuo Guo
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, P. R. China
| | - Yu-Ting Yang
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, P. R. China
| | - Yi-Fei Chen
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, P. R. China
| | - Jia-Li Liu
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, P. R. China
| | - Ya-Qin Chai
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, P. R. China
| | - Ruo Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, P. R. China
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11
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Hou Y, Lin J, Chen Y, He J, Su Z, Zheng Q, Zhao X, Lv X, Tang X, Zhou C. Flammulina velutipes-derived carbon dots for fluorescence detection and imaging of hydroxyl radical. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2023; 291:122304. [PMID: 36630809 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2022.122304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Monitoring hydroxyl radical (•OH) fluctuation is of great importance to study some relative pathological processes and to predict early diagnosis of diseases. Efficient •OH-responsive fluorescent sensors based on carbon dots (CDs) have been reported, but most researches have focused on the new strategies for the synthesis and doping of the CDs. Herein, a kind of biomass CDs (F-CDs) with Flammulina velutipes (F. velutipes) as the carbon source was prepared by a one-step hydrothermal method without any additional modification. The prepared F-CDs have remarkable sensitivity and selectivity and there is a good linear relationship from 0 to 12 μM with a low detection limit of 95 nM for quantitative •OH assay. With excitation-independent emission, favourable biocompatibility and low toxicity, the F-CDs can penetrate cell membranes as •OH-responsive fluorescent sensors to detect intracellular •OH in A549 cells stimulated by phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) and successfully monitor the •OH concentration levels by the corresponding fluorescence change. Given the combined benefits of the green and eco-friendly approach, the F-CDs show promise as novel theranostics tools for early detection and treatment of related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Hou
- School of Applied Chemistry and Materials, Zhuhai College of Science and Technology, Zhuhai 519040, PR China.
| | - Jiawei Lin
- School of Applied Chemistry and Materials, Zhuhai College of Science and Technology, Zhuhai 519040, PR China
| | - Yichao Chen
- School of Applied Chemistry and Materials, Zhuhai College of Science and Technology, Zhuhai 519040, PR China
| | - Jianbin He
- School of Applied Chemistry and Materials, Zhuhai College of Science and Technology, Zhuhai 519040, PR China
| | - Zhe Su
- School of Applied Chemistry and Materials, Zhuhai College of Science and Technology, Zhuhai 519040, PR China
| | - Qinhua Zheng
- School of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Zhuhai College of Science and Technology, Zhuhai 519040, PR China
| | - Xiujuan Zhao
- Department of Bioengineering, Zunyi Medical University Zhuhai Campus, Zhuhai 519041, PR China
| | - Xiaodan Lv
- School of Applied Chemistry and Materials, Zhuhai College of Science and Technology, Zhuhai 519040, PR China
| | - Xiuping Tang
- School of Applied Chemistry and Materials, Zhuhai College of Science and Technology, Zhuhai 519040, PR China.
| | - Changren Zhou
- School of Applied Chemistry and Materials, Zhuhai College of Science and Technology, Zhuhai 519040, PR China
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12
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Toren Y, Vilan A, Amdursky N. Solid-State Electron Transport Through Carbon Dots Junctions: The Role of Boron and Phosphorus Doping. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023:e2301371. [PMID: 36932877 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202301371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Carbon dots (CDs) are a new class of nanoparticles that gained widespread attention recently because of their easy preparation, water solubility, biocompatibility, and bright luminescence, leading to their integration in various applications. Despite their nm-scale and proven electron transfer capabilities, the solid-state electron transport (ETp) across single CDs was never explored. Here, a molecular junction configuration is used to explore the ETp across CDs as a function of their chemical structure using both DC-bias current-voltage and AC-bias impedance measurements. CDs are used with Nitrogen and Sulfur as exogenous atoms and doped with small amounts of Boron and Phosphorous. It is shown that the presence of P and B highly improves the ETp efficiency across the CDs, yet without an indication of a change in the dominant charge carrier. Instead, structural characterizations reveal significant changes in the chemical species across the CDs: the formation of sulfonates and graphitic Nitrogen. Temperature-dependent measurements and normalized differential conductance analysis reveal that the ETp mechanism across the CDs behaves as tunneling, which is common to all CDs used here. The study shows that the conductivity of CDs is on par with that of sophisticated molecular wires, suggesting CDs as new 'green' candidates for molecular electronics applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuval Toren
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 32000, Israel
| | - Ayelet Vilan
- Department of Chemical and Biological Physics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
| | - Nadav Amdursky
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 32000, Israel
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13
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Khan WU, Qin L, Chen L, Khan WU, Zeb S, Khan A, Li S, Khan SU, Kamal S, Zhou P. High biocompatible nitrogen and sulfur Co-doped carbon dots for Hg(II) detection and their long-term biological stability in living cells. Anal Chim Acta 2023; 1245:340847. [PMID: 36737134 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2023.340847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Fluorescent carbon dots have been highly reported nanomaterials in recent times because of their excellent physio-chemical properties and various field of applications. Herein, a one-step hydrothermal approach was used to synthesize high biocompatible nitrogen and sulfur co-doped carbon dots, and examined their chemical sensing (Hg2+) and biological imaging properties. The N,S-CDs exhibited blue light, demonstrating a high quantum yield of up to 44.5% and excitation-independent fluorescent characteristics. Cytotoxicity was observed by CCK-8 assay using T-ca cells as a target source. Cell viability was recorded over 80% even after 7 days of treatment with a concentration up to 400 μg/mL, indicating low-toxicity of N,S-CDs. Notably, the bright blue fluorescence of N,S-CDs was quenched by introducing toxic Hg2+ ions into the solution. The detection limit was calculated to be about ∼3.5 nM, which is quite impressive compared to previous reports. Because of their low-toxicity, nano-size, and environment friendly properties, N,S-CDs could be excellent fluorescent agents for bio-imaging applications. The biological stability of fluorescent N,S-CDs was tested over time, and the findings were significant even after 8 days of incubation with T-ca cells. Because of good biocompatibility and bright fluorescence, N,S-CDs were suitable for in vivo imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waheed Ullah Khan
- Institute for Advanced Study, and School of Physics and Optoelectronics Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, PR China.
| | - Liying Qin
- School of Stomatology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, PR China
| | - Lixin Chen
- School of Stomatology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, PR China
| | - Wasim Ullah Khan
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510273, PR China.
| | - Shah Zeb
- Institute for Advanced Study, and School of Physics and Optoelectronics Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, PR China
| | - Asaf Khan
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510273, PR China
| | - Shengzhen Li
- School of Stomatology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, PR China
| | - Salim Ullah Khan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology Bannu, and Degree Collage Sikander Khel Bala, Bannu 28100, KPK, Pakistan
| | - Sajid Kamal
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao, 226237, PR China
| | - Ping Zhou
- School of Stomatology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, PR China.
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14
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Regulating Optoelectronics of Carbon Dots with Redox-active Dopamine. TALANTA OPEN 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talo.2023.100198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/07/2023] Open
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15
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Nitrogen doped biomass derived carbon dots as a fluorescence dual-mode sensing platform for detection of tetracyclines in biological and food samples. Food Chem 2023; 402:134245. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.134245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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16
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Basu S, Amdursky N. The Role of Surface Groups in Dictating the Chiral-Solvent-Induced Assembly of Carbon Dots into Structures Exhibiting Circularly Polarized Luminescence. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2205880. [PMID: 36504318 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202205880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Here, the use of achiral nanoparticles and solvent-induced chirality transfer is combined for the making of large structures exhibiting chiroptical properties in the form of circularly polarized luminescence (CPL). The nanoparticles that the authors use are carbon dots (C-Dots) that are known for their bright luminescence and the ability to tune their surface moieties by using different precursors in their synthesis. Here, the result of adding the chiral solvent limonene into an aqueous solution of various C-Dots is explored, differentiated by their surface group. It is shown that only nitrogen-containing C-Dots with amine functional groups see the emergence of a CPL signal and the formation of a large fibrillar assembled structure. The various forces happening in the interface between the C-Dots and the limonene phase and the role of the amine groups in both the chirality transfer interactions and the interactions between C-Dots in the assembly process are discussed, whereas these two processes intertwine with each other. The ability to form fluorescent chiral structures exhibiting CPL from achiral nanoparticles and the understanding of the various interactions in this process are both important to the rationale design of any supramolecular chiral assemblies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srestha Basu
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 3200003, Israel
| | - Nadav Amdursky
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 3200003, Israel
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17
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Zhou Y, Zhang W, Leblanc RM. Structure-Property-Activity Relationships in Carbon Dots. J Phys Chem B 2022; 126:10777-10796. [PMID: 36395361 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.2c06856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Carbon dots (CDs) are one of the most versatile nanomaterials discovered in the 21st century. They possess many properties and thus hold potentials in diverse applications. While an increasing amount of attention has been given to these novel nanoparticles, the broad scientific community is actively engaged in exploring their limits. Recent studies on the fractionalization and assembly of CDs further push the limits beyond just CDs and demonstrate that CDs are both a mixture of heterogeneous fractions and promising building blocks for assembly of large carbon-based materials. With CDs moving forward toward both microscopic and macroscopic levels, a good understanding of the structure-property-activity relationships is essential to forecasting the future of CDs. Hence, in this Perspective, structure-property-activity relationships are highlighted based on the repeatedly verified findings in CDs. In addition, studies on CD fractionalization and assembly are briefly summarized in this Perspective. Eventually, these structure-property-activity relationships and controllability are essential for the development of CDs with desired properties for various applications especially in photochemistry, electrochemistry, nanomedicine, and surface chemistry. In summary, in our opinion, since 2004 until the present, history has witnessed a great development of CDs although there is still some room for more studies. Also, considering many attractive properties, structure-property-activity relationships, and the building block nature of CDs, a variety of carbon-based materials of interest can be constructed from CDs with control. They can help reduce blind trials in the development of carbon-based materials, which is of great significance in materials science, chemistry, and any fields related to the applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiqun Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida 33146, United States.,C-Dots LLC, Miami, Florida 33136, United States.,Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, Miami, Florida 33199, United States
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida 33146, United States
| | - Roger M Leblanc
- Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida 33146, United States
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18
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Ghorai N, Bhunia S, Burai S, Ghosh HN, Purkayastha P, Mondal S. Ultrafast insights into full-colour light-emitting C-Dots. NANOSCALE 2022; 14:15812-15820. [PMID: 36255011 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr04642c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Designing carbon dots (C-Dots) in a controlled way requires a profound understanding of their photophysical properties, such as the origin of their fluorescence and excitation wavelength-dependent emission properties, which has been a perennial problem in the last few decades. Herein, we synthesized three different C-Dots (blue, green, and red-emitting C-Dots) from the same starting materials via a hydrothermal method and separated them by silica column chromatography. All the purified C-Dots exhibited three different emission maxima after a certain range of different excitations, showing a high optical uniformity in their emission properties. It was also observed that the average distributions of the particle size in all the C-Dots were the same with a typical size of 4 nm and the same interplanar d spacing of ∼0.21 nm. Here, we tried to establish a well-defined conclusive answer to the puzzling optical properties of C-Dots via successfully investigating the carrier dynamics of their core and surface state with a myriad use of steady-state, time-resolved photoluminescence, and ultrafast transient absorbance spectroscopy techniques. The ultrafast charge-carrier dynamics of the core and surface state clearly indicated that the graphitic nitrogen in the core state and the oxygen-containing functional group in the surface state predominately contribute to controlling their wide range of emission properties. We believe that these findings will give the C-Dots their own designation in the fluorophore world and create a new avenue for designing and developing C-Dot-based new architectures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nandan Ghorai
- Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Mohali, Punjab 140306, India
| | - Soumyadip Bhunia
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur 741246, WB, India
| | - Subham Burai
- Institute of Chemical Technology, Mumbai, Marathwada Campus, Jalna, Maharashtra 431203, India.
| | - Hirendra N Ghosh
- Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Mohali, Punjab 140306, India
- Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400085, India
| | - Pradipta Purkayastha
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur 741246, WB, India
| | - Somen Mondal
- Institute of Chemical Technology, Mumbai, Marathwada Campus, Jalna, Maharashtra 431203, India.
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19
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Mocci F, de Villiers Engelbrecht L, Olla C, Cappai A, Casula MF, Melis C, Stagi L, Laaksonen A, Carbonaro CM. Carbon Nanodots from an In Silico Perspective. Chem Rev 2022; 122:13709-13799. [PMID: 35948072 PMCID: PMC9413235 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Carbon nanodots (CNDs) are the latest and most shining rising stars among photoluminescent (PL) nanomaterials. These carbon-based surface-passivated nanostructures compete with other related PL materials, including traditional semiconductor quantum dots and organic dyes, with a long list of benefits and emerging applications. Advantages of CNDs include tunable inherent optical properties and high photostability, rich possibilities for surface functionalization and doping, dispersibility, low toxicity, and viable synthesis (top-down and bottom-up) from organic materials. CNDs can be applied to biomedicine including imaging and sensing, drug-delivery, photodynamic therapy, photocatalysis but also to energy harvesting in solar cells and as LEDs. More applications are reported continuously, making this already a research field of its own. Understanding of the properties of CNDs requires one to go to the levels of electrons, atoms, molecules, and nanostructures at different scales using modern molecular modeling and to correlate it tightly with experiments. This review highlights different in silico techniques and studies, from quantum chemistry to the mesoscale, with particular reference to carbon nanodots, carbonaceous nanoparticles whose structural and photophysical properties are not fully elucidated. The role of experimental investigation is also presented. Hereby, we hope to encourage the reader to investigate CNDs and to apply virtual chemistry to obtain further insights needed to customize these amazing systems for novel prospective applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Mocci
- Department
of Chemical and Geological Sciences, University
of Cagliari, I-09042 Monserrato, Italy,
| | | | - Chiara Olla
- Department
of Physics, University of Cagliari, I-09042 Monserrato, Italy
| | - Antonio Cappai
- Department
of Physics, University of Cagliari, I-09042 Monserrato, Italy
| | - Maria Francesca Casula
- Department
of Mechanical, Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Cagliari, Via Marengo 2, IT 09123 Cagliari, Italy
| | - Claudio Melis
- Department
of Physics, University of Cagliari, I-09042 Monserrato, Italy
| | - Luigi Stagi
- Department
of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Laboratory of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, University of Sassari, Via Vienna 2, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Aatto Laaksonen
- Department
of Chemical and Geological Sciences, University
of Cagliari, I-09042 Monserrato, Italy,Department
of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Arrhenius Laboratory, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden,State Key
Laboratory of Materials-Oriented and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 210009, P. R. China,Centre
of Advanced Research in Bionanoconjugates and Biopolymers, PetruPoni Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Aleea Grigore Ghica-Voda 41A, 700487 Iasi, Romania,Division
of Energy Science, Energy Engineering, Luleå
University of Technology, Luleå 97187, Sweden,
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20
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Environmentally-friendly carbon nanomaterials for photocatalytic hydrogen production. CHINESE JOURNAL OF CATALYSIS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/s1872-2067(21)63994-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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21
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Mulkerns NMC, Hoffmann WH, Ramos-Soriano J, de la Cruz N, Garcia-Millan T, Harniman RL, Lindsay ID, Seddon AM, Galan MC, Gersen H. Measuring the refractive index and sub-nanometre surface functionalisation of nanoparticles in suspension. NANOSCALE 2022; 14:8145-8152. [PMID: 35616244 PMCID: PMC9178438 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr00120a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Direct measurements to determine the degree of surface coverage of nanoparticles by functional moieties are rare, with current strategies requiring a high level of expertise and expensive equipment. Here, a practical method to determine the ratio of the volume of the functionalisation layer to the particle volume based on measuring the refractive index of nanoparticles in suspension is proposed. As a proof of concept, this technique is applied to poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) nanoparticles and semicrystalline carbon dots functionalised with different surface moieties, yielding refractive indices that are commensurate to those from previous literature and Mie theory. In doing so, it is demonstrated that this technique is able to optically detect differences in surface functionalisation or composition of nanometre-sized particles. This non-destructive and rapid method is well-suited for in situ industrial particle characterisation and biological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niall M C Mulkerns
- H. H. Wills Physics Laboratory, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TL, UK.
- Bristol Centre for Functional Nanomaterials, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TL, UK
| | - William H Hoffmann
- H. H. Wills Physics Laboratory, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TL, UK.
- Bristol Centre for Functional Nanomaterials, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TL, UK
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TS, UK
| | | | | | - Teodoro Garcia-Millan
- Bristol Centre for Functional Nanomaterials, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TL, UK
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TS, UK
| | | | - Ian D Lindsay
- H. H. Wills Physics Laboratory, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TL, UK.
- Bristol Centre for Functional Nanomaterials, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TL, UK
| | - Annela M Seddon
- H. H. Wills Physics Laboratory, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TL, UK.
- Bristol Centre for Functional Nanomaterials, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TL, UK
| | - M Carmen Galan
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TS, UK
| | - Henkjan Gersen
- H. H. Wills Physics Laboratory, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TL, UK.
- Bristol Centre for Functional Nanomaterials, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TL, UK
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22
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Garcia-Millan T, Swift TA, Morgan DJ, Harniman RL, Masheder B, Hughes S, Davis SA, Oliver TAA, Galan MC. Small variations in reaction conditions tune carbon dot fluorescence. NANOSCALE 2022; 14:6930-6940. [PMID: 35466987 PMCID: PMC9109711 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr01306a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The development of robust and reproducible synthetic strategies for the production of carbon dots (CDs) with improved fluorescence quantum yields and distinct emission profiles is of great relevance given the vast range of applications of CDs. The fundamental understanding at a molecular level of their formation mechanism, chemical structure and how these parameters are correlated to their photoluminescence (PL) properties is thus essential. In this study, we describe the synthesis and structural characterization of a range of CDs with distinct physico-chemical properties. The materials were prepared under three minutes of microwave irradiation using the same common starting materials (D-glucosamine hydrochloride 1 and ethylenediamine 2) but modifying the stoichiometry of the reagents. We show that small variation in reaction conditions leads to changes in the fluorescent behaviour of the CDs, especially in the selective enhancement of overlapped fluorescence bands. Structural analysis of the different CD samples suggested different reaction pathways during the CD formation and surface passivation, with the latter step being key to the observed differences. Moreover, we demonstrate that these materials have distinct reversible response to pH changes, which we can be attribute to different behaviour towards protonation/deprotonation events of distinct emission domains present within each nanomaterial. Our results highlight the importance of understanding the reaction pathways that lead to the formation of this carbon-based nanomaterials and how this can be exploited to develop tailored materials towards specific applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Thomas A Swift
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol, BS8 1TS, UK.
| | - David J Morgan
- Cardiff Catalysis Institute, Cardiff University, Park Place, Cardiff, CF10 3AT, UK
- HarwellXPS, - ESPRC National Facility for XPS, Research Complex at Harwell (RcAH), Didcot, Oxon OX11 0FA, UK
| | - Robert L Harniman
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol, BS8 1TS, UK.
| | - Benjamin Masheder
- DST Innovations Ltd, Unit 6a Bridgend Business Centre, Bennett Street, Bridgend, CF31 3SH, UK
| | - Stephen Hughes
- DST Innovations Ltd, Unit 6a Bridgend Business Centre, Bennett Street, Bridgend, CF31 3SH, UK
| | - Sean A Davis
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol, BS8 1TS, UK.
| | - Thomas A A Oliver
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol, BS8 1TS, UK.
| | - M Carmen Galan
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol, BS8 1TS, UK.
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23
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Chatterjee A, Sharma AK, Purkayastha P. Development of a carbon dot and methylene blue NIR-emitting FLIM-FRET pair in niosomes for controlled ROS generation. NANOSCALE 2022; 14:6570-6584. [PMID: 35420619 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr01032a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Non-ionic surfactant vesicular systems (niosomes) are structurally similar to lipid vesicles, differing only in the bilayer composition. Herein we report a unique method to generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) utilizing a FLIM-FRET technique involving niosome-trapped yellow emissive carbon dots (YCDs) and methylene blue (MB) in aqueous medium under neutral conditions. Niosomes are biologically important because of their good stability and extremely low toxicity. Fluorescent CDs, emitting in the higher wavelengths on visible light excitation, are of incredible importance in bio-imaging and optoelectronics. Hence, we prepared nitrogen-containing YCDs from a single precursor, o-phenylenediamine, and explained their detailed photophysics upon incorporation into the niosomal bilayer. The YCDs are polarity sensitive, and are rotationally restricted in niosomes, which increases their fluorescence quantum yield from 29% (in water) to 91%. These YCDs are tactically employed to develop a near infrared (NIR) FRET pair with methylene blue (MB), which is a very well-known type-I and type-II photosensitizer. This FRET pair, which emits in the NIR region, is found to be an ideal system to generate ROS by excitation in the lower visible wavelengths. Interestingly, the ROS production by MB from the dissolved oxygen is enhanced inside the niosomes. The donor and the acceptor moieties in this unique NIR-emitting FRET pair display an unprecedented 300 nm Stokes shift. The findings could be influential in bio-imaging in the NIR region evading cellular autofluorescence and the controllably generated ROS can be further applied as a potential photodynamic therapeutic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arunavo Chatterjee
- Department of Chemical Sciences and Centre for Advanced Functional Materials, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Kolkata, Mohanpur 741246, WB, India.
| | - Ankit Kumar Sharma
- Department of Chemical Sciences and Centre for Advanced Functional Materials, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Kolkata, Mohanpur 741246, WB, India.
| | - Pradipta Purkayastha
- Department of Chemical Sciences and Centre for Advanced Functional Materials, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Kolkata, Mohanpur 741246, WB, India.
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24
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Pan Y, Wei Z, Ma M, Zhang X, Chi Z, He Y, Wang X, Ran X, Guo L. Broadened optical absorption, enhanced photoelectric conversion and ultrafast carrier dynamics of N, P co-doped carbon dots. NANOSCALE 2022; 14:5794-5803. [PMID: 35352741 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr00211f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Carbon dots (CDs) have attracted extensive attention for their unique properties and promising applications in many fields. Many efforts have been made to improve the optical and physicochemical properties of CDs using an atomic doping strategy; however, the photoelectric properties of CD-based devices have been less studied and the photocurrent density is far from satisfactory for practical operation. Deep understanding of the doping effects on the electronic structure and photophysical properties of CDs is fundamental and essential for effectively improving the optical and photoelectrical performance of CD-based devices. Here, we have synthesized nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) co-doped CDs (N, P-CDs) through a one-step hydrothermal approach, and systematically investigated the effects of P-dopants on the improved optical and photoelectric properties of N, P-CDs. The introduction of P atoms into N-CDs significantly changes the electronic structure and extends the absorption spectral region, enhancing the light-harvesting ability of N, P-CDs. Meanwhile, the regulated carrier dynamics have been investigated using time-resolved fluorescence and transient absorption spectroscopy. We found that the carrier recombination was decreased with introducing P atoms, and the photogenerated electrons in the higher excited states could be efficiently transferred to the lowest excited state. Moreover, the photocurrent density of N, P-CDs was increased by twelve times compared with that of N-CDs. Therefore, the effective doping of P atoms can significantly regulate the electronic structure, optical properties, carrier dynamics and photoelectric conversion of N, P-CDs. The achieved broadband light-harvesting, good photoelectric properties and photostability of the as-prepared N, P-CDs demonstrate an important example of P-doping to improve the optical and photoelectrical properties of CD-based devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yatao Pan
- School of Physics and Electronics, International Joint Research Laboratory of New Energy Materials and Devices of Henan Province, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China.
| | - Zhongran Wei
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Physics and Electronics, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China.
| | - Mengdi Ma
- School of Physics and Electronics, International Joint Research Laboratory of New Energy Materials and Devices of Henan Province, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China.
| | - Xin Zhang
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Physics and Electronics, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China.
| | - Zhen Chi
- School of Physics and Electronics, International Joint Research Laboratory of New Energy Materials and Devices of Henan Province, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China.
| | - Yulu He
- School of Physics and Electronics, International Joint Research Laboratory of New Energy Materials and Devices of Henan Province, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China.
| | - Xiaojuan Wang
- School of Physics and Electronics, International Joint Research Laboratory of New Energy Materials and Devices of Henan Province, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China.
| | - Xia Ran
- School of Physics and Electronics, International Joint Research Laboratory of New Energy Materials and Devices of Henan Province, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China.
| | - Lijun Guo
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Physics and Electronics, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China.
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25
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Ghirardello M, Shyam R, Liu X, Garcia-Millan T, Sittel I, Ramos-Soriano J, Kurian KM, Galan MC. Carbon dot-based fluorescent antibody nanoprobes as brain tumour glioblastoma diagnostics. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2022; 4:1770-1778. [PMID: 35434521 PMCID: PMC8962998 DOI: 10.1039/d2na00060a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The development of efficient and sensitive tools for the detection of brain cancer in patients is of the utmost importance particularly because many of these tumours go undiagnosed until the disease has advanced and when treatment is less effective. Current strategies employ antibodies (Abs) to detect Glial Fibrillary Acid Protein (GFAP) in tissue samples, since GFAP is unique to the brain and not present in normal peripheral blood, and it relies on fluorescent reporters. Herein we describe a low cost, practical and general method for the labelling of proteins and antibodies with fluorescent carbon dots (CD) to generate diagnostic probes that are robust, photostable and applicable to the clinical setting. The two-step protocol relies on the conjugation of a dibenzocyclooctyne (DBCO)-functionalised CD with azide functionalised proteins by combining amide conjugation and strain promoted alkyne-azide cycloaddition (SPAAC) ligation chemistry. The new class of Ab-CD conjugates developed using this strategy was successfully used for the immunohistochemical staining of human brain tissues of patients with glioblastoma (GBM) validating the approach. Overall, these novel fluorescent probes offer a promising and versatile strategy in terms of costs, photostability and applicability which can be extended to other Abs and protein systems.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Radhe Shyam
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol Bristol UK
| | - Xia Liu
- Bristol Medical School, Public Health Sciences, Southmead Hospital, University of Bristol Bristol UK
| | | | - Imke Sittel
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol Bristol UK
| | | | - Kathreena M Kurian
- Bristol Medical School, Public Health Sciences, Southmead Hospital, University of Bristol Bristol UK
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26
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Zhang Y, Li Y, Ruan Z, Yuan Y, Lin K. Extensive solar light utilizing by ternary C-dots/Cu 2O/SrTiO 3: Highly enhanced photocatalytic degradation of antibiotics and inactivation of E. coli. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 290:133340. [PMID: 34922957 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.133340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Fabrication of a visible-light driven photocatalyst is of great vital for the elimination of antibiotics and microorganism in the wastewater and the construction of sustainable green energy systems. In this work, carbon quantum dots (C-dots) were integrated with Cu2O/SrTiO3 p-n heterojunction to optimize the photocatalytic activity. The excellent photocatalytic degradation efficiency of chlortetracycline hydrochloride (CTC·HCl) (92.6% within 90 min) and E. coli inactivation efficiency were observed over C-dots/Cu2O/SrTiO3 under visible light irradiation. It is the synergistic effect of p-n heterojunction and modification of C-dots that facilitates the separation and transfer of electron-holes. Meanwhile, the modification of C-dots improves the harvesting of long wavelength solar light of photocatalysts due to its unique up-conversion photoluminescence (UCPL) characteristics. Eventually, the possible photocatalytic degradation path of the catalyst was inferred by LC-MS spectra, and the degradation mechanism was analyzed. This study sheds light on new possibilities for the application of photocatalysts in various light sources and has broad application prospects in water treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Zhang
- School of Energy Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Yue Li
- Micro/Nanotechnology Research Centre, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Zhaohui Ruan
- School of Energy Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Yuan Yuan
- School of Energy Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China.
| | - Kaifeng Lin
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China.
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27
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Mondal S, Das SR, Sahoo L, Dutta S, Gautam UK. Light-Induced Hypoxia in Carbon Quantum Dots and Ultrahigh Photocatalytic Efficiency. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:2580-2589. [PMID: 35104402 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c10636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Carbon quantum dots (CQDs) represent a class of carbon materials exhibiting photoresponse and many potential applications. Here, we present a unique property that dissolved CQDs capture large amounts of molecular oxygen from the air, the quantity of which can be controlled by light irradiation. The O2 content can be varied between a remarkable 1 wt % of the CQDs in the dark to nearly half of it under illumination, in a reversible manner. Moreover, O2 depletion enhances away from the air-solution interface as the nearby CQDs quickly regain them from the air, creating a pronounced concentration gradient in the solution. We elucidate the role of the CQD functional groups and show that excitons generated under light are responsible for their tunable adsorbed-oxygen content. Because of O2 enrichment, the photocatalytic efficiency of the CQDs toward oxidation of benzylamines in the air is the same as under oxygen flow and far higher than the existing photocatalysts. The findings should encourage the development of a new class of oxygen-enricher materials and air as a sustainable oxidant in chemical transformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjit Mondal
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER)-Mohali, Sector 81, Mohali, SAS Nagar, Punjab 140306, India
| | | | - Lipipuspa Sahoo
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER)-Mohali, Sector 81, Mohali, SAS Nagar, Punjab 140306, India
| | | | - Ujjal K Gautam
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER)-Mohali, Sector 81, Mohali, SAS Nagar, Punjab 140306, India
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28
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Gengan S, Ananda Murthy H, Sillanpää M, Nhat T. Carbon dots and their application as photocatalyst in dye degradation studies- Mini review. RESULTS IN CHEMISTRY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rechem.2022.100674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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29
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Li P, Du Y, Ma M, Zhang J. Nitrogen-doped graphene quantum dots coated with molecularly imprinted polymers as a fluorescent sensor for selective determination of warfarin. NEW J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2nj00853j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The strong photoluminescence of NGQDs and the selectivity of MIPs were combined to construct a fluorescent sensor for rapid determination of warfarin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peipei Li
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance (Ministry of Education), China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, P. R. China
| | - Yingxiang Du
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance (Ministry of Education), China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, P. R. China
| | - Mingxuan Ma
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance (Ministry of Education), China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, P. R. China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance (Ministry of Education), China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, P. R. China
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30
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M. J, S. S, M. M, D. P. Improved citric acid-derived carbon dots synthesis through microwave-based heating in a hydrothermal pressure vessel. RSC Adv 2022; 12:32401-32414. [DOI: 10.1039/d2ra06420k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Carbon dots (CDs) synthesis from citric acid, ethylenediamine, and formamide by microwave-assisted hydrothermal carbonization in a pressurized vessel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorns M.
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Strickland S.
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Mullins M.
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Pappas D.
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
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31
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Zhang Y, Song H, Wang L, Yu J, Wang B, Hu Y, Zang SQ, Yang B, Lu S. Solid-State Red Laser with a Single Longitudinal Mode from Carbon Dots. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:25514-25521. [PMID: 34549866 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202111285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Miniaturized solid-state lasers with a single longitudinal mode are vital for various photonic applications. Here we prepare red-emissive carbon dots (CDs) with a photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) of 65.5 % by combining graphitic nitrogen doping and surface modification. High-concentration doping alters the CDs' emission from blue to red, while the electron-donating groups and polymer coating on their surfaces improve the PLQY and photostability. The CDs exhibit excellent stimulated emission characteristics, with a low threshold of amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) and long gain lifetime. A planar microcavity with only one resonant mode, which fitted with the CDs' ASE peak, was constructed. Combining the CDs and microcavity produced a solid-state laser with a single longitudinal mode, a linewidth of 0.14 nm and a signal-to-noise ratio of 14.8 dB (Q∼4600). Our results will aid the development of colorful solid-state micro/nano lasers with potential use in practical photonics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongqiang Zhang
- Green Catalysis Center, College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Haoqiang Song
- Green Catalysis Center, College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Lu Wang
- Green Catalysis Center, College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Jingkun Yu
- Green Catalysis Center, College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Boyang Wang
- Green Catalysis Center, College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Yongsheng Hu
- School of Physics and Microelectronics, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Shuang-Quan Zang
- Green Catalysis Center, College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Bai Yang
- State Key Lab of Supramolecular Structure and Materials College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Siyu Lu
- Green Catalysis Center, College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
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32
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Zhang Y, Song H, Wang L, Yu J, Wang B, Hu Y, Zang S, Yang B, Lu S. Solid‐State Red Laser with a Single Longitudinal Mode from Carbon Dots. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202111285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yongqiang Zhang
- Green Catalysis Center College of Chemistry Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou 450001 China
| | - Haoqiang Song
- Green Catalysis Center College of Chemistry Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou 450001 China
| | - Lu Wang
- Green Catalysis Center College of Chemistry Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou 450001 China
| | - Jingkun Yu
- Green Catalysis Center College of Chemistry Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou 450001 China
| | - Boyang Wang
- Green Catalysis Center College of Chemistry Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou 450001 China
| | - Yongsheng Hu
- School of Physics and Microelectronics Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou 450001 China
| | - Shuang‐Quan Zang
- Green Catalysis Center College of Chemistry Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou 450001 China
| | - Bai Yang
- State Key Lab of Supramolecular Structure and Materials College of Chemistry Jilin University Changchun 130012 China
| | - Siyu Lu
- Green Catalysis Center College of Chemistry Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou 450001 China
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33
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Li S, Wang H, Lu H, Liang X, Wang H, Zhang M, Xia K, Yin Z, Zhang Y, Zhang X, Zhang Y. Sustainable Silk-Derived Multimode Carbon Dots. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2021; 17:e2103623. [PMID: 34546645 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202103623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Carbon dots (CDs) are widely studied for years due to their unique luminescent properties and potential applications in many fields. However, aggregation-caused quenching, monotonous emission modes, and unsustainable preparation impose restrictions on their performance and practical applications. Here, this work reports the facile synthesis of sustainable silk-derived multimode emitting CDs with dispersed-state fluorescence (DSF), aggregation-induced fluorescence (AIF), and aggregation-induced room temperature phosphorescence (AIRTP) through radiating sericin proteins in a household microwave oven (800 W, 2.5 min). The structure, luminescent properties, and the mechanism are investigated and discussed. The sericin-derived CDs have graphitized cores and heteroatom-cluster-rich surfaces. The DSF corresponds to the graphitized cores and the AIF origins from the aggregation-induced abundant orbital energy levels on the heteroatom-cluster-rich surfaces. The presence of abundant hydrogen bonds and small gap between the lowest singlet and triplet excited states induces AIRTP. Finally, based on the unique multimode emission of the prepared CDs, their applications in high-performance white-light-emitting diode, information encryption, anti-counterfeiting, and visual humidity sensors are demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Li
- Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
| | - Huimin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
| | - Haojie Lu
- Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoping Liang
- Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
| | - Haomin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
| | - Mingchao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
| | - Kailun Xia
- Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
| | - Zhe Yin
- Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
| | - Yong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
| | - Xingcai Zhang
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
- School of Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Yingying Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
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34
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Ghosh S, Ghosh A, Ghosh G, Marjit K, Patra A. Deciphering the Relaxation Mechanism of Red-Emitting Carbon Dots Using Ultrafast Spectroscopy and Global Target Analysis. J Phys Chem Lett 2021; 12:8080-8087. [PMID: 34406017 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.1c02116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Red-emitting carbon dots (C-dots) have tremendous potential for bioimaging and optoelectronic applications. Here, we investigated the structural modification of red-emitting C-dots due to boron doping and their ultrafast relaxation dynamics. It is evident from the X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy study that the relative percentage of pyrridinic nitrogen is increased at the expense of amino nitrogen and graphitic nitrogen in B-doped C-dots. Transient absorption spectroscopy and global target analysis reveal the formation of an additional excited-state level that takes away a significant amount of the excited-state population after boron doping. This new excited state slows the initial relaxation process toward the emissive state from 317 to 750 fs and increases the overall lifetime from 1.03 to 1.45 ns in B-doped C-dots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srijon Ghosh
- School of Materials Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Arnab Ghosh
- School of Materials Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Goutam Ghosh
- School of Materials Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Kritiman Marjit
- School of Materials Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Amitava Patra
- School of Materials Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, India
- Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Sector 81, Sahibzada Ajit Singh Nagar, Mohali, Punjab 140306, India
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35
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Xu Y, Zhang H, Liu Q, Liu J, Chen R, Yu J, Zhu J, Li R, Wang J. Surface hybridization of π-conjugate structure cyclized polyacrylonitrile and radial microsphere shaped TiO 2 for reducing U(VI) to U(IV). JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 416:125812. [PMID: 34492780 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.125812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
It is still a challenge to obtain uranium (U) adsorbents with high selectivity, excellent cycle stability and excellent performance through design and synthesis. In this paper, the TiO2/CPAN-AO catalyst was prepared by the hydrothermal method combined with high temperature cyclization dehydrogenation. TiO2/CPAN-AO has excellent photocatalytic properties, which can reduce U(VI) to U(IV) quickly and selectively. The generated Z-type heterojunction promotes the reduction ability of photogenerated electrons, and obtains great selectivity to UO22+ (Uranyl ions) through the AO group. TiO2/CPAN-AO with π-electron conjugated structure broadens the spectral range through surface hybridization and prolongs the lifetime of photo-generated charges. Under the induction of light, the uranium extraction capacity of TiO2/CPAN-AO after 5 h of irradiation is about 2.38 g/g. TiO2/CPAN-AO is a catalyst with enhanced adsorption capacity, making it possible to extract uranium from large-scale natural seawater in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yachao Xu
- Key Laboratory of Superlight Materials and Surface Technology, Ministry of Education, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, China; College of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, China; Key Laboratory of Marine Special Materials, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, China
| | - Hongsen Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Superlight Materials and Surface Technology, Ministry of Education, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, China; College of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, China; Key Laboratory of Marine Special Materials, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, China.
| | - Qi Liu
- Key Laboratory of Superlight Materials and Surface Technology, Ministry of Education, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, China; College of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, China; HIT (Hainan) MilitaryCivilian Integration Innovation Research Institute Company Ltd., Hainan 572400, China; Harbin Engineering University Capital Management Co. Ltd, Harbin 150001, China; Key Laboratory of Marine Special Materials, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, China
| | - Jingyuan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Superlight Materials and Surface Technology, Ministry of Education, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, China; College of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, China; Key Laboratory of Marine Special Materials, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, China
| | - Rongrong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Superlight Materials and Surface Technology, Ministry of Education, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, China; College of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, China; Key Laboratory of Marine Special Materials, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, China
| | - Jing Yu
- Key Laboratory of Superlight Materials and Surface Technology, Ministry of Education, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, China; College of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, China; Key Laboratory of Marine Special Materials, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, China
| | - Jiahui Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Superlight Materials and Surface Technology, Ministry of Education, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, China; College of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, China; Key Laboratory of Marine Special Materials, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, China
| | - Rumin Li
- Key Laboratory of Superlight Materials and Surface Technology, Ministry of Education, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, China; College of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, China; HIT (Hainan) MilitaryCivilian Integration Innovation Research Institute Company Ltd., Hainan 572400, China; Key Laboratory of Marine Special Materials, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Superlight Materials and Surface Technology, Ministry of Education, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, China; College of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, China; HIT (Hainan) MilitaryCivilian Integration Innovation Research Institute Company Ltd., Hainan 572400, China; Key Laboratory of Marine Special Materials, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, China.
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36
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Mondal S, Ghorai N, Bhunia S, Ghosh HN, Amdursky N. Long-range light-modulated charge transport across the molecular heterostructure doped protein biopolymers. Chem Sci 2021; 12:8731-8739. [PMID: 34257872 PMCID: PMC8246076 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc00487e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Biological electron transfer (ET) across proteins is ubiquitous, such as the notable photosynthesis example, where light-induced charge separation takes place within the reaction center, followed by sequential ET via intramolecular cofactors within the protein. Far from biology, carbon dots (C-Dots) with their unique optoelectronic properties can be considered as game-changers for next-generation advanced technologies. Here, we use C-Dots for making heterostructure (HS) configurations by conjugating them to a natural ET mediator, the hemin molecule, thus making an electron donor-acceptor system. We show by transient absorption and emission spectroscopy that the rapid intramolecular charge separation happens following light excitation, which can be ascribed to an ultrafast electron and hole transfer (HT) from the C-Dot donor to the hemin acceptor. Upon integrating the HS into a protein matrix, we show that this HT within the HS configuration is 3.3 times faster compared to the same process in solution, indicating the active role of the protein in supporting the rapid light-induced long-range intermolecular charge separation. We further use impedance, electrochemical, and transient photocurrent measurements to show that the light-induced transient charge separation results in an enhanced ET and HT efficiency across the protein biopolymer. The charge conduction across our protein biopolymers, reaching nearly 0.01 S cm-1, along with the simplicity and low-cost of their formation promotes their use in a variety of optoelectronic devices, such as artificial photosynthesis, photo-responsive protonic-electronic transistors, and photodetectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somen Mondal
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology Haifa 3200003 Israel
- Institute of Chemical Technology, Mumbai, Marathwada Campus Jalna Maharashtra 431 203 India
| | - Nandan Ghorai
- Institute of Nano Science and Technology Mohali Punjab 160064 India
| | - Soumyadip Bhunia
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Kolkata Mohanpur West Bengal 741246 India
| | - Hirendra N Ghosh
- Institute of Nano Science and Technology Mohali Punjab 160064 India
| | - Nadav Amdursky
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology Haifa 3200003 Israel
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Sarkar R, Kar M, Habib M, Zhou G, Frauenheim T, Sarkar P, Pal S, Prezhdo OV. Common Defects Accelerate Charge Separation and Reduce Recombination in CNT/Molecule Composites: Atomistic Quantum Dynamics. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:6649-6656. [PMID: 33896175 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c02325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are appealing candidates for solar and optoelectronic applications. Traditionally used as electron sinks, CNTs can also perform as electron donors, as exemplified by coupling with perylenediimide (PDI). To achieve high efficiencies, electron transfer (ET) should be fast, while subsequent charge recombination should be slow. Typically, defects are considered detrimental to material performance because they accelerate charge and energy losses. We demonstrate that, surprisingly, common CNT defects improve rather than deteriorate the performance. CNTs and other low dimensional materials accommodate moderate defects without creating deep traps. At the same time, charge redistribution caused by CNT defects creates an additional electrostatic potential that increases the CNT work function and lowers CNT energy levels relative to those of the acceptor species. Hence, the energy gap for the ET is decreased, while the gap for the charge recombination is increased. The effect is particularly important because charge acceptors tend to bind near defects due to enhanced chemical interactions. The time-domain simulation of the excited-state dynamics provides an atomistic picture of the observed phenomenon and characterizes in detail the electronic states, vibrational motions, inelastic and elastic electron-phonon interactions, and time scales of the charge separation and recombination processes. The findings should apply generally to low-dimensional materials, because they dissipate defect strain better than bulk semiconductors. Our calculations reveal that CNT performance is robust to common defects and that moderate defects are essential rather than detrimental for CNT application in energy, electronics, and related fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ritabrata Sarkar
- Department of Chemistry, University of Gour Banga, Malda 732103, India
| | - Moumita Kar
- Department of Chemistry, Visva-Bharati University, Santiniketan 731235, India
| | - Md Habib
- Department of Chemistry, University of Gour Banga, Malda 732103, India
| | - Guoqing Zhou
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
| | - Thomas Frauenheim
- Bremen Center for Computational Materials Science, University of Bremen, Bremen 28359, Germany.,Shenzhen JL Computational Science and Applied Research Institute (CSAR), Shenzhen 518110, China.,Beijing Computational Science Research Center (CSRC), Beijing 100193, China
| | - Pranab Sarkar
- Department of Chemistry, Visva-Bharati University, Santiniketan 731235, India
| | - Sougata Pal
- Department of Chemistry, University of Gour Banga, Malda 732103, India
| | - Oleg V Prezhdo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
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Ai L, Yang Y, Wang B, Chang J, Tang Z, Yang B, Lu S. Insights into photoluminescence mechanisms of carbon dots: advances and perspectives. Sci Bull (Beijing) 2021; 66:839-856. [PMID: 36654140 DOI: 10.1016/j.scib.2020.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 57.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Revised: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Carbon dots (CDs) are potentially useful in many areas such as bioimaging, light-emitting diodes, and sensing because of their excellent optical properties, high biocompatibility, and low toxicity. Knowledge of their photoluminescence (PL) mechanisms, which have been widely studied, is of significance in guiding the synthesis and promoting applications of CDs with tunable PL emissions. However, the intrinsic mechanism of PL emission remains unclear, and a unified mechanism has not been found because of differences in particle structures. This review generalizes the categories of CDs, noting their structural diversity. Three types of PL mechanism pertaining to structural differences are outlined: internal factors dominated emission (including the conjugation effect, the surface state, and the synergistic effect), external factors dominated emission (including the molecular state and the environment effect), and crosslink-enhanced emission. Optical applications of CDs are also briefly mentioned. Finally, the prospects for research into PL mechanisms are discussed, noting the remaining challenges and directions for future work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Ai
- Green Catalysis Center, College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Yisen Yang
- Green Catalysis Center, College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Boyang Wang
- Green Catalysis Center, College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Junbiao Chang
- Green Catalysis Center, College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Zhiyong Tang
- Henan Institute of Advanced Technology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Bai Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Siyu Lu
- Green Catalysis Center, College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
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Das S, Ngashangva L, Goswami P. Carbon Dots: An Emerging Smart Material for Analytical Applications. MICROMACHINES 2021; 12:84. [PMID: 33467583 PMCID: PMC7829846 DOI: 10.3390/mi12010084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 01/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Carbon dots (CDs) are optically active carbon-based nanomaterials. These nanomaterials can change their light emission properties in response to various external stimuli such as pH, temperature, pressure, and light. The CD's remarkable stimuli-responsive smart material properties have recently stimulated massive research interest for their exploitation to develop various sensor platforms. Herein, an effort has been made to review the major advances made on CDs, focusing mainly on its smart material attributes and linked applications. Since the CD's material properties are largely linked to their synthesis approaches, various synthesis methods, including surface passivation and functionalization of CDs and the mechanisms reported so far in their photophysical properties, are also delineated in this review. Finally, the challenges of using CDs and the scope for their further improvement as an optical signal transducer to expand their application horizon for developing analytical platforms have been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Pranab Goswami
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, Assam, India; (S.D.); (L.N.)
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Mondal S, Agam Y, Amdursky N. Enhanced Proton Conductivity across Protein Biopolymers Mediated by Doped Carbon Nanoparticles. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2020; 16:e2005526. [PMID: 33108059 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202005526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Carbon nanoparticles, known as carbon-dots (C-Dots), are famous for their optoelectronic properties. Here it is shown that C-Dots can also mediate protons, where protein biopolymers are used as the protonic transport matrix. Energy transfer measurements indicate that different doped C-Dots bind to the protein biopolymer in different efficiencies. Electrical impedance measurements reveal enhanced conductance across the protein biopolymer upon C-Dots integration, dependent on the doping type. The enhanced conductivity is attributed to protonic conduction due to the large observed kinetic isotope effect, resulting in one of the highest measured proton conductivity across protein biopolymers. Transistor measurements show that the various doped C-Dots-protein biopolymer exhibit different increase in charge carrier density and in carrier mobility, suggesting different modes of proton transport. The ability of C-Dots to support protonic conduction opens a field of carbon-based protonic nanoparticles and due to the formation simplicity of C-Dots they can be integrated in a variety of protonic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somen Mondal
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 3200003, Israel
| | - Yuval Agam
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 3200003, Israel
| | - Nadav Amdursky
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 3200003, Israel
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41
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Man Y, Li Z, Kong WL, Li W, Dong W, Wang Y, Xie F, Zhao D, Qu Q, Zou WS. Starch fermentation wastewater as a precursor to prepare S,N-doped carbon dots for selective Fe(III) detection and carbon microspheres for solution decolorization. Microchem J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2020.105338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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42
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Luo H, Guo Q, Szilágyi PÁ, Jorge AB, Titirici MM. Carbon Dots in Solar-to-Hydrogen Conversion. TRENDS IN CHEMISTRY 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trechm.2020.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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43
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Zhang K, Shi Y, Jia Y, Li P, Zhang X, Feng X, Zhu L, Sun Y, Hu W, Zhao G. Tunable dual fluorescence emissions with high photoluminescence quantum yields modulated by Na ion dispersion method for purely solid state N-doped carbon dots. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2020.112548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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44
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Longo AV, Sciortino A, Cannas M, Messina F. UV photobleaching of carbon nanodots investigated by in situ optical methods. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:13398-13407. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cp00952k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
In situ optical analysis of photobleaching unveils the real nature and evolution of emitters in a carbon-dot system.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. V. Longo
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Chimica “Emilio Segré”
- Università degli Studi di Palermo
- Via Archirafi 36
- Palermo
- Italy
| | - A. Sciortino
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Chimica “Emilio Segré”
- Università degli Studi di Palermo
- Via Archirafi 36
- Palermo
- Italy
| | - M. Cannas
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Chimica “Emilio Segré”
- Università degli Studi di Palermo
- Via Archirafi 36
- Palermo
- Italy
| | - F. Messina
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Chimica “Emilio Segré”
- Università degli Studi di Palermo
- Via Archirafi 36
- Palermo
- Italy
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