1
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Fuentenebro Navas D, Steens JA, de Lannoy C, Noordijk B, Pfeffer M, de Ridder D, H J Staals R, Schmid S. Nanopores Reveal the Stoichiometry of Single Oligoadenylates Produced by Type III CRISPR-Cas. ACS NANO 2024. [PMID: 38875527 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c11769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2024]
Abstract
Cyclic oligoadenylates (cOAs) are small second messenger molecules produced by the type III CRISPR-Cas system as part of the prokaryotic immune response. The role of cOAs is to allosterically activate downstream effector proteins that induce dormancy or cell death, and thus abort viral spread through the population. Interestingly, different type III systems have been reported to utilize different cOA stoichiometries (with 3 to 6 adenylate monophosphates). However, so far, their characterization has only been possible in bulk and with sophisticated equipment, while a portable assay with single-molecule resolution has been lacking. Here, we demonstrate the label-free detection of single cOA molecules using a simple protein nanopore assay. It sensitively identifies the stoichiometry of individual cOA molecules and their mixtures from synthetic and enzymatic origin. To achieve this, we trained a convolutional neural network (CNN) and validated it with a series of experiments on mono- and polydisperse cOA samples. Ultimately, we determined the stoichiometric composition of cOAs produced enzymatically by the CRISPR type III-A and III-B variants of Thermus thermophilus and confirmed the results by liquid chromatography-mass spectroscopy (LC-MS). Interestingly, both variants produce cOAs of nearly identical composition (within experimental uncertainties), and we discuss the biological implications of this finding. The presented nanopore-CNN workflow with single cOA resolution can be adapted to many other signaling molecules (including eukaryotic ones), and it may be integrated into portable handheld devices with potential point-of-care applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Fuentenebro Navas
- Laboratory of Biophysics, Wageningen University and Research, Stippeneng 4, 6708WE Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jurre A Steens
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University and Research, Stippeneng 4, 6708WE Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Carlos de Lannoy
- Bioinformatics Group, Wageningen University and Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Bionanoscience, Delft University of Technology, Van der Maasweg 9, 2629HZ Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Ben Noordijk
- Bioinformatics Group, Wageningen University and Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Michael Pfeffer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, Mattenstrasse 22, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Dick de Ridder
- Bioinformatics Group, Wageningen University and Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Raymond H J Staals
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University and Research, Stippeneng 4, 6708WE Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Sonja Schmid
- Laboratory of Biophysics, Wageningen University and Research, Stippeneng 4, 6708WE Wageningen, The Netherlands
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2
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Xu Q, Xi Y, Wang L, Xu M, Ruan T, Du Z, Jiang C, Cao J, Zhu X, Wang X, Yang B, Liu J. In situ self-referenced intracellular two-electrode system for enhanced accuracy in single-cell analysis. Biosens Bioelectron 2024; 253:116173. [PMID: 38432075 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2024.116173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Since the emergence of single-cell electroanalysis, the two-electrode system has become the predominant electrochemical system for real-time behavioral analysis of single-cell and multicellular populations. However, due to the transmembrane placement of the two electrodes, cellular activities can be interrupted by the transmembrane potentials, and the test results are susceptible to influences from factors such as intracellular solution, membrane, and bulk solution. These limitations impede the advancement of single-cell analysis. Here, we propose a highly miniaturized and integrated in situ self-referenced intracellular two-electrode system (IS-SRITES), wherein both the working and reference electrodes are positioned inside the cell. Additionally, we demonstrated the stability (0.28 mV/h) of the solid-contact in situ Ag/AgCl reference electrode and the ability of the system to conduct standard electrochemical testing in a wide pH range (pH 6.0-8.0). Cell experiments confirmed the non-destructive performance of the electrode system towards cells and its capacity for real-time monitoring of intra- and extracellular pH values. Moreover, through equivalent circuits, finite element simulations, and drug delivery experiments, we illustrated that the IS-SRITES can yield more accurate test results and exhibit enhanced resistance to interference from the extracellular environment. Our proposed system holds the potential to enable the precise detection of intracellular substances and optimize the existing model of the electrode system for intracellular signal detection, thereby spearheading advancements in single-cell analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingda Xu
- National Key Laboratory of Advanced Micro and Nano Manufacture Technology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China; Department of Micro/Nano Electronics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Ye Xi
- National Key Laboratory of Advanced Micro and Nano Manufacture Technology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China; Department of Micro/Nano Electronics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Longchun Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Advanced Micro and Nano Manufacture Technology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Mengfei Xu
- National Key Laboratory of Advanced Micro and Nano Manufacture Technology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China; Department of Micro/Nano Electronics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Tao Ruan
- National Key Laboratory of Advanced Micro and Nano Manufacture Technology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China; Department of Micro/Nano Electronics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Zhiyuan Du
- National Key Laboratory of Advanced Micro and Nano Manufacture Technology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China; Department of Micro/Nano Electronics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Chunpeng Jiang
- National Key Laboratory of Advanced Micro and Nano Manufacture Technology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China; Department of Micro/Nano Electronics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Jiawei Cao
- National Key Laboratory of Advanced Micro and Nano Manufacture Technology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China; Department of Micro/Nano Electronics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Xiantao Zhu
- National Key Laboratory of Advanced Micro and Nano Manufacture Technology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China; Department of Micro/Nano Electronics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Xiaolin Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Advanced Micro and Nano Manufacture Technology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Bin Yang
- National Key Laboratory of Advanced Micro and Nano Manufacture Technology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Jingquan Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Advanced Micro and Nano Manufacture Technology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China.
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3
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Wang H, Tang H, Qiu X, Li Y. Solid-State Glass Nanopipettes: Functionalization and Applications. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202400281. [PMID: 38507278 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202400281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
Solid-state glass nanopipettes provide a promising confined space that offers several advantages such as controllable size, simple preparation, low cost, good mechanical stability, and good thermal stability. These advantages make them an ideal choice for various applications such as biosensors, DNA sequencing, and drug delivery. In this review, we first delve into the functionalized nanopipettes for sensing various analytes and the methods used to develop detection means with them. Next, we provide an in-depth overview of the advanced functionalization methodologies of nanopipettes based on diversified chemical kinetics. After that, we present the latest state-of-the-art achievements and potential applications in detecting a wide range of targets, including ions, molecules, biological macromolecules, and single cells. We examine the various challenges that arise when working with these targets, as well as the innovative solutions developed to overcome them. The final section offers an in-depth overview of the current development status, newest trends, and application prospects of sensors. Overall, this review provides a comprehensive and detailed analysis of the current state-of-the-art functionalized nanopipette perception sensing and development of detection means and offers valuable insights into the prospects for this exciting field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Green and Precise Synthetic Chemistry and Applications, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei, 235000, Anhui, P.R. China
| | - Haoran Tang
- Key Laboratory of Green and Precise Synthetic Chemistry and Applications, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei, 235000, Anhui, P.R. China
| | - Xia Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, Anhui Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, 241000, P.R. China
| | - Yongxin Li
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, Anhui Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, 241000, P.R. China
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4
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Knežević S, Han D, Liu B, Jiang D, Sojic N. Electrochemiluminescence Microscopy. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024:e202407588. [PMID: 38742673 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202407588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2024] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Electrochemiluminescence (ECL) is rapidly evolving from an analytical method into an optical microscopy. The orthogonality of the electrochemical trigger and the optical readout distinguishes it from classic microscopy and electrochemical techniques, owing to its near-zero background, remarkable sensitivity, and absence of photobleaching and phototoxicity. In this minireview, we summarize the recent advances in ECL imaging technology, emphasizing original configurations which enable the imaging of biological entities and the improvement of the analytical properties by increasing the complexity and multiplexing of bioassays. Additionally, mapping the (electro)chemical reactivity in space provides valuable information on nanomaterials and facilitates deciphering ECL mechanisms for improving their performances in diagnostics and (electro)catalysis. Finally, we highlight the recent achievements in imaging at the ultimate limits of single molecules, single photons or single chemical reactions, and the current challenges to translate the ECL imaging advances to other fields such as material science, catalysis and biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Knežević
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, ISM, UMR 5255, ENSCBP, 33607, Pessac, France
| | - Dongni Han
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, China
| | - Baohong Liu
- Department of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Dechen Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, China
| | - Neso Sojic
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, ISM, UMR 5255, ENSCBP, 33607, Pessac, France
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5
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Wu SH, Zhang SC, Kang YH, Wang YF, Duan ZM, Jing MJ, Zhao WW, Chen HY, Xu JJ. Aggregation-Enabled Electrochemistry in Confined Nanopore Capable of Complementary Faradaic and Non-Faradaic Detection. NANO LETTERS 2024; 24:4241-4247. [PMID: 38546270 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.4c00563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Electrochemistry that empowers innovative nanoscopic analysis has long been pursued. Here, the concept of aggregation-enabled electrochemistry (AEE) in a confined nanopore is proposed and devised by reactive oxygen species (ROS)-responsive aggregation of CdS quantum dots (QDs) within a functional nanopipette. Complementary Faradaic and non-Faradaic operations of the CdS QDs aggregate could be conducted to simultaneously induce the signal-on of the photocurrents and the signal-off of the ionic signals. Such a rationale permits the cross-checking of the mutually corroborated signals and thus delivers more reliable results for single-cell ROS analysis. Combined with the rich biomatter-light interplay, the concept of AEE can be extended to other stimuli-responsive aggregations for electrochemical innovations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si-Hao Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Shuang-Chen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yu-Han Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yi-Feng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Zu-Ming Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Ming-Jian Jing
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Wei-Wei Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Hong-Yuan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Jing-Juan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
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6
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Schmeltzer AJ, Peterson EM, Harris JM, Lathrop DK, German SR, White HS. Simultaneous Multipass Resistive-Pulse Sensing and Fluorescence Imaging of Liposomes. ACS NANO 2024; 18:7241-7252. [PMID: 38377597 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c12627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
Simultaneous multipass resistive-pulse sensing and fluorescence imaging have been used to correlate the size and fluorescence intensity of individual E. coli lipid liposomes composed of E. coli polar lipid extracts labeled with membrane-bound 3,3-dioctadecyloxacarbocyanine (DiO) fluorescent molecules. Here, a nanopipet serves as a waveguide to direct excitation light to the resistive-pulse sensing zone at the end of the nanopipet tip. Individual DiO-labeled liposomes (>50 nm radius) were multipassed back and forth through the orifices of glass nanopipets' 110-150 nm radius via potential switching to obtain subnanometer sizing precision, while recording the fluorescence intensity of the membrane-bound DiO molecules. Fluorescence was measured as a function of liposome radius and found to be approximately proportional to the total membrane surface area. The observed relationship between liposome size and fluorescence intensity suggests that multivesicle liposomes emit greater fluorescence compared to unilamellar liposomes, consistent with all lipid membranes of the multivesicle liposomes containing DiO. Fluorescent and nonfluorescent liposomes are readily distinguished from each other in the same solution using simultaneous multipass resistive-pulse sensing and fluorescence imaging. A fluorescence "dead zone" of ∼1 μm thickness just outside of the nanopipet orifice was observed during resistive-pulse sensing, resulting in "on/off" fluorescent behavior during liposome multipassing.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Eric M Peterson
- Electronic BioSciences, Inc., 421 Wakara Way, Suite 328, Salt Lake City, Utah 84108, United States
| | - Joel M Harris
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah; Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Daniel K Lathrop
- Electronic BioSciences, Inc., 421 Wakara Way, Suite 328, Salt Lake City, Utah 84108, United States
| | - Sean R German
- Electronic BioSciences, Inc., 421 Wakara Way, Suite 328, Salt Lake City, Utah 84108, United States
| | - Henry S White
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah; Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
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7
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Liu R, Wang D. Tunneling Electron Transfer across Cell Membrane via Au Nanoparticles in Single Living Cells. NANO LETTERS 2024; 24:2451-2456. [PMID: 38358313 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c03928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Herein, we present a new and simple electrochemical method to detect the intracellular electroactive substances by utilizing the electron tunnelling processes at the metal nanoparticles inside the cells. Intriguing discrete oxidation and reduction current spikes are obtained when testing the cells with loaded Au nanoparticles at the ultramicroelectrodes, which should come from reactive oxygen species (ROS) inside the single cell. The charges enclosed in the current spikes represent the ROS content inside the living cells, as confirmed by the fluorescence studies. As this simple electron tunnelling approach needs no nanoelectrodes or nanotip penetration processes, we believe it could have great potential applications in electrochemical analysis of single living cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rujia Liu
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Dengchao Wang
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
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8
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Dong H, Wang HY, Xu YT, Zhang X, Chen HY, Xu JJ, Zhao WW. Iontronic Photoelectrochemical Biorecognition Probing. ACS Sens 2024; 9:988-994. [PMID: 38258286 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.3c02544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Herein, the first iontronic photoelectrochemical (PEC) biorecognition probing is devised by rational engineering of a dual-functional bioconjugate, i.e., a light-sensitive intercalated structural DNA, as a smart gating module confined within a nanotip, which could respond to both the incident light and biotargets of interest. Light stimulation of the bioconjugate could intensify the negative charge at the nano-orifice to sustain enhanced ionic current. The presence of proteins (e.g., acetylcholinesterase, AChE) or nucleic acids (e.g., microRNA (miR)-10b) could lead to bioconjugate release with altered ionic signaling. The practical applicability of the methodology is confirmed by AChE detection in human serum and miR-10b detection in single cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Hai-Yan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Yi-Tong Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Xian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Hong-Yuan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Jing-Juan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Wei-Wei Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
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9
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Zhang TY, Liu FQ, Li Z, Xu YT, Zhao WW, Chen HY, Xu JJ. A hollow Ag/AgCl nanoelectrode for single-cell chloride detection. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:2373-2376. [PMID: 38318933 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc06078k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
This work reports the construction of a miniaturized Ag/AgCl nanoelectrode on a nanopipette, which is capable of dual-functions of single-cell drug infusion and chloride detection and is envisioned to promote the study of chloride-correlated therapeutic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian-Yang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Fang-Qing Liu
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Zheng Li
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Yi-Tong Xu
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Wei-Wei Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Hong-Yuan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Jing-Juan Xu
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China.
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10
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Kamel AH, Hefnawy A, Hazeem LJ, Rashdan SA, Abd-Rabboh HSM. Current perspectives, challenges, and future directions in the electrochemical detection of microplastics. RSC Adv 2024; 14:2134-2158. [PMID: 38205235 PMCID: PMC10777194 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra06755f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Microplastics (5 μm) are a developing threat that contaminate every environmental compartment. The detection of these contaminants is undoubtedly an important topic of study because of their high potential to cause harm to ecosystems. For many years, scientists have been assiduously striving to surmount the obstacle of detection restrictions and minimize the likelihood of receiving results that are either false positives or false negatives. This study covers the current state of electrochemical sensing technology as well as its application as a low-cost analytical platform for the detection and characterization of novel contaminants. Examples of detection mechanisms, electrode modification procedures, device configuration, and performance are given to show how successful these approaches are for monitoring microplastics in the environment. Additionally included are the recent developments in nanoimpact techniques. Compared to electrochemical methods for microplastic remediation, the use of electrochemical sensors for microplastic detection has received very little attention. With an overview of microplastic electrochemical sensors, this review emphasizes the promise of existing electrochemical remediation platforms toward sensor design and development. In order to enhance the monitoring of these substances, a critical assessment of the requirements for future research, challenges associated with detection, and opportunities is provided. In addition to-or instead of-the now-in-use laboratory-based analytical equipment, these technologies can be utilized to support extensive research and manage issues pertaining to microplastics in the environment and other matrices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayman H Kamel
- Department, College of Science, University of Bahrain Zallaq 32038 Kingdom of Bahrain
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University Cairo 11566 Egypt
| | - A Hefnawy
- Department, College of Science, University of Bahrain Zallaq 32038 Kingdom of Bahrain
- Department of Materials Science, Institute of Graduate Studies and Research, Alexandria University El-Shatby Alexandria 21526 Egypt
| | - Layla J Hazeem
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Bahrain Zallaq 32038 Bahrain
| | - Suad A Rashdan
- Department, College of Science, University of Bahrain Zallaq 32038 Kingdom of Bahrain
| | - Hisham S M Abd-Rabboh
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University Abha 62529 Saudi Arabia
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11
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Huang K, Wang YH, Zhang H, Wang TY, Liu XH, Liu L, Jiang H, Wang XM. Application and outlook of electrochemical technology in single-cell analysis. Biosens Bioelectron 2023; 242:115741. [PMID: 37816284 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2023.115741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023]
Abstract
Cellular heterogeneity, especially in some important diseased cells like tumor cells, acts as an invisible driver for disease development like cancer progression in the tumor ecosystem, contributing to differences in the macroscopic and microscopic detection of disease lesions like tumors. Traditional analysis techniques choose group information masked by the mean as the analysis sample, making it difficult to achieve precise diagnosis and target treatment, on which could be shed light via the single-cell level determination/bioanalysis. Hence, in this article we have reviewed the special characteristic differences among various kinds of typical single-cell bioanalysis strategies and electrochemical techniques, and then focused on the recent advance and special bio-applications of electrochemiluminescence and micro-nano electrochemical sensing mediated in single-cell bioimaging & bioanalysis. Especially, we have summarized the relevant research exploration of the possibility to establish the in-situ single-cell electrochemical methods to detect cell heterogeneity through determination of specific biomolecules and bioimaging of some important biological processes. Eventually, this review has explored some important advances of electrochemical single-cell detection techniques for the real-time cellular bioimaging and diagnostics of some disease lesions like tumors. It raises the possibility to provide the specific in-situ platform to exploit the versatile, sensitive, and high-resolution electrochemical single-cell analysis for the promising biomedical applications like rapid tracing of some disease lesions or in vivo bioimaging for precise cancer theranostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Yi Han Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Ting Ya Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Xiao Hui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Liu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China.
| | - Hui Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China.
| | - Xue Mei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China.
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12
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Zhu R, Qin F, Zheng X, Fang S, Ding J, Wang D, Liang L. Single-molecule lipopolysaccharides identification and the interplay with biomolecules via nanopore readout. Biosens Bioelectron 2023; 240:115641. [PMID: 37657310 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2023.115641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/03/2023]
Abstract
Lipopolysaccharides (LPS) are the major constituent on the cell envelope of all gram-negative bacteria. They are ubiquitous in air, and are toxic inflammatory stimulators for urinary disorders and sepsis. The reported optical, thermal, and electrochemical sensors via the intermolecular interplay of LPS with proteins and aptamers are generally complicated methods. We demonstrate the single-molecule nanopore approach for LPS identification in distinct bacteria as well as the serotypes discrimination. With a 4 nm nanopore, we achieve a detection limit of 10 ng/mL. Both the antibiotic polymyxin B (PMB) and DNA aptamer display specific binding to LPS. The identification of LPS in both human serum and tap water show good performance with nanopore platforms. Our work shows a highly-sensitive and easy-to-handle scheme for clinical and environmental biomarkers determination and provides a promising screening tool for early warning of contamination in water and medical supplies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Zhu
- Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences & Chongqing School, University of Chinese Academy of Science, Chongqing, 400714, PR China; Chongqing Jiaotong University, Chongqing, 400014, PR China
| | - Fupeng Qin
- Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences & Chongqing School, University of Chinese Academy of Science, Chongqing, 400714, PR China
| | - Xinchuan Zheng
- Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences & Chongqing School, University of Chinese Academy of Science, Chongqing, 400714, PR China
| | - Shaoxi Fang
- Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences & Chongqing School, University of Chinese Academy of Science, Chongqing, 400714, PR China
| | - Jianjun Ding
- Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, PR China
| | - Deqiang Wang
- Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences & Chongqing School, University of Chinese Academy of Science, Chongqing, 400714, PR China.
| | - Liyuan Liang
- Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences & Chongqing School, University of Chinese Academy of Science, Chongqing, 400714, PR China.
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13
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Ding H, Liu K, Zhao X, Su B, Jiang D. Thermoelectric Nanofluidics Probing Thermal Heterogeneity inside Single Cells. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:22433-22441. [PMID: 37812815 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c06085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
Accurate temperature measurement in one living cell is of great significance for understanding biological functions and regulation. Here, a nanopipet electric thermometer (NET) is established for real-time intracellular temperature measurement. Based on the temperature-controlled ion migration, the temperature change in solution results in altered ion mobilities and ion distributions, which can be converted to the thermoelectric responses of NET in a galvanostatic configuration. The exponential relationship between the voltage and the temperature promises highly sensitive thermoelectric responses up to 11.1 mV K-1, which is over an order of magnitude higher than previous thermoelectric thermometry. Moreover, the NET exhibits superior thermal resolution of 25 mK and spatiotemporal resolution of 100 nm and 0.9 ms as well as excellent stability and reproducibility. Benefiting from these unique features, both thermal fluctuations in steady-state cells and heat generation and dissipation upon drug administration can be successfully monitored, which are hardly achieved by current methods. By using NET, thermal heterogeneities of single cancer cells during immunotherapy were reported first in this work, in which the increased intracellular temperature was demonstrated to be associated with the survival benefit and resistance of cancer cells in immunotherapy. This work not only provides a reliable method for microscopic temperature monitoring but also gains new insights to elucidate the mechanism of immune evasion and therapeutic resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, China
| | - Kang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xinlu Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, China
| | - Bin Su
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Dechen Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, China
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14
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Liu R, Jia R, Wang D, Mirkin MV. Elucidating the Shape of Current Transients in Electrochemical Resistive-Pulse Sensing of Single Liposomes. Anal Chem 2023; 95:13756-13761. [PMID: 37676905 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c02476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
Electrochemical resistive-pulse (ERP) sensing with conductive carbon nanopipettes (CNPs) has recently been developed and employed for the detection of single liposomes and biological vesicles, and for the analysis of redox molecules contained in such vesicles. However, the origins of different shapes of current transients produced by the translocation of single vesicles through the CNP remain poorly understood. Herein, we report extensive finite-element simulations of both portions of an ERP transient, the current blockage by a vesicle approaching and passing through the pipet orifice and the faradaic current spike due to oxidation/reduction of redox species released from a vesicle on the carbon surface, for different values of parameters defining the geometry and dynamics of the vesicle/CNP system. The effects of the pipet geometry, surface charge, transport, vesicle trajectory, and collision location on the shape of current transients are investigated. The possibility of quantitative analysis of experimental ERP transients produced by translocations of liposomes and extracellular vesicles by fitting them to simulated curves is demonstrated. The developed theory can enable a more reliable interpretation of complicated ERP signals and characterization of the size and contents of single biological and artificial vesicles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rujia Liu
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Jia
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Queens College - CUNY, Flushing, New York 11367, United States
- The Graduate Center of City University of New York, New York, New York 10016, United States
| | - Dengchao Wang
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Michael V Mirkin
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- The Graduate Center of City University of New York, New York, New York 10016, United States
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15
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Lv J, Wang XY, Chang S, Xi CY, Wu X, Chen BB, Guo ZQ, Li DW, Qian RC. Amperometric Identification of Single Exosomes and Their Dopamine Contents Secreted by Living Cells. Anal Chem 2023. [PMID: 37478050 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c01253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/23/2023]
Abstract
Dopamine (DA) is an important neurotransmitter, which not only participates in the regulation of neural processes but also plays critical roles in tumor progression and immunity. However, direct identification of DA-containing exosomes, as well as quantification of DA in single vesicles, is still challenging. Here, we report a nanopipette-assisted method to detect single exosomes and their dopamine contents via amperometric measurement. The resistive-pulse current measured can simultaneously provide accurate information of vesicle translocation and DA contents in single exosomes. Accordingly, DA-containing exosomes secreted from HeLa and PC12 cells under different treatment modes successfully detected the DA encapsulation efficiency and the amount of exosome secretion that distinguish between cell types. Furthermore, a custom machine learning model was constructed to classify the exosome signals from different sources, with an accuracy of more than 99%. Our strategy offers a useful tool for investigating single exosomes and their DA contents, which facilitates the analysis of DA-containing exosomes derived from other untreated or stimulated cells and may open up a new insight to the research of DA biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Lv
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Joint International Laboratory for Precision Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology & Dynamic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Yuan Wang
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Joint International Laboratory for Precision Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology & Dynamic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China
| | - Shuai Chang
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Joint International Laboratory for Precision Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology & Dynamic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China
| | - Cheng-Ye Xi
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Joint International Laboratory for Precision Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology & Dynamic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China
| | - Xue Wu
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Joint International Laboratory for Precision Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology & Dynamic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China
| | - Bin-Bin Chen
- Shenzhen Institute of Aggregate Science and Technology, School of Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen 518172, P. R. China
| | - Zhi-Qian Guo
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Joint International Laboratory for Precision Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology & Dynamic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China
| | - Da-Wei Li
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Joint International Laboratory for Precision Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology & Dynamic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China
| | - Ruo-Can Qian
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Joint International Laboratory for Precision Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology & Dynamic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China
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16
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Wang XY, Lv J, Wu X, Hong Q, Qian RC. The Modification and Applications of Nanopipettes in Electrochemical Analysis. Chempluschem 2023; 88:e202300100. [PMID: 37442793 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202300100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
Nanopipette, which is fabricated by glasses and possesses a nanoscale pore in the tip, has been proven to be immensely useful in electrochemical analysis. Numerous nanopipette-based sensors have emerged with improved sensitivity, selectivity, ease of use, and miniaturization. In this minireview, we provide an overview of the recent developments of nanopipette-based electrochemical sensors based on different types of nanopipettes, including single-nanopipettes, self-referenced nanopipettes, dual-nanopipettes, and double-barrel nanopipettes. Several important modification materials for nanopipette functionalization are highlighted, such as conductive materials, macromolecular materials, and functional molecules. These materials can improve the sensing performance and targeting specificities of nanopipettes. We also discuss examples of related applications and the future development of nanopipette-based strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Yuan Wang
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials &, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 200237, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Jian Lv
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials &, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 200237, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Xue Wu
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials &, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 200237, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Qin Hong
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials &, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 200237, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Ruo-Can Qian
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials &, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 200237, Shanghai, P. R. China
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17
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He X, Ewing AG. Hofmeister Series: From Aqueous Solution of Biomolecules to Single Cells and Nanovesicles. Chembiochem 2023; 24:e202200694. [PMID: 37043703 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202200694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
Hofmeister effects play a critical role in numerous physicochemical and biological phenomena, including the solubility and/or accumulation of proteins, the activities of enzymes, ion transport in biochannels, the structure of lipid bilayers, and the dynamics of vesicle opening and exocytosis. This minireview focuses on how ionic specificity affects the physicochemical properties of biomolecules to regulate cellular exocytosis, vesicular content, and nanovesicle opening. We summarize recent progress in further understanding Hofmeister effects on biomacromolecules and their applications in biological systems. These important steps have increased our understanding of the Hofmeister effects on cellular exocytosis, vesicular content, and nanovesicle opening. Increasing evidence is firmly establishing that the ions along the Hofmeister series play an important role in living organisms that has often been ignored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiulan He
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, Kemivägen 10, 41296, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Andrew G Ewing
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, Kemivägen 10, 41296, Gothenburg, Sweden
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18
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Liang L, Qin F, Wang S, Wu J, Li R, Wang Z, Ren M, Liu D, Wang D, Astruc D. Overview of the materials design and sensing strategies of nanopore devices. Coord Chem Rev 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2022.214998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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19
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Lu SM, Chen JF, Wang HF, Hu P, Long YT. Mass Transport and Electron Transfer at the Electrochemical-Confined Interface. J Phys Chem Lett 2023; 14:1113-1123. [PMID: 36705310 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c03479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Single entity measurements based on the stochastic collision electrochemistry provide a promising and versatile means to study single molecules, single particles, single droplets, etc. Conceptually, mass transport and electron transfer are the two main processes at the electrochemically confined interface that underpin the most transient electrochemical responses resulting from the stochastic and discrete behaviors of single entities at the microscopic scale. This perspective demonstrates how to achieve controllable stochastic collision electrochemistry by effectively altering the two processes. Future challenges and opportunities for stochastic collision electrochemistry are also highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si-Min Lu
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai200237, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023P. R. China
| | - Jian-Fu Chen
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai200237, P. R. China
| | - Hai-Feng Wang
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai200237, P. R. China
| | - Peijun Hu
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai200237, P. R. China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, The Queen's University of Belfast, BelfastBT9 5AG, U.K
| | - Yi-Tao Long
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023P. R. China
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20
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Xu X, Valavanis D, Ciocci P, Confederat S, Marcuccio F, Lemineur JF, Actis P, Kanoufi F, Unwin PR. The New Era of High-Throughput Nanoelectrochemistry. Anal Chem 2023; 95:319-356. [PMID: 36625121 PMCID: PMC9835065 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c05105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiangdong Xu
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K.
| | | | - Paolo Ciocci
- Université
Paris Cité, ITODYS, CNRS, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Samuel Confederat
- School
of Electronic and Electrical Engineering and Pollard Institute, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K.,Bragg
Centre for Materials Research, University
of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K.
| | - Fabio Marcuccio
- School
of Electronic and Electrical Engineering and Pollard Institute, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K.,Bragg
Centre for Materials Research, University
of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K.,Faculty
of Medicine, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | | | - Paolo Actis
- School
of Electronic and Electrical Engineering and Pollard Institute, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K.,Bragg
Centre for Materials Research, University
of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K.,
| | | | - Patrick R. Unwin
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K.,
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21
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Wu F, Yu P, Mao L. Multi-Spatiotemporal Probing of Neurochemical Events by Advanced Electrochemical Sensing Methods. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202208872. [PMID: 36284258 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202208872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Neurochemical events involving biosignals of different time and space dimensionalities constitute the complex basis of neurological functions and diseases. In view of this fact, electrochemical measurements enabling real-time quantification of neurochemicals at multiple levels of spatiotemporal resolution can provide informative clues to decode the molecular networks bridging vesicles and brains. This Minireview focuses on how scientific questions regarding the properties of single vesicles, neurotransmitter release kinetics, interstitial neurochemical dynamics, and multisignal interconnections in vivo have driven the design of electrochemical nano/microsensors, sensing interface engineering, and signal/data processing. An outlook for the future frontline in this realm will also be provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Wu
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China.,Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Ping Yu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Lanqun Mao
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
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22
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Wang Y, Liu R, Ma Y, Shen X, Wang D. Electrodeposition of Metal Nanoparticles inside Carbon Nanopipettes for Sensing Applications. Anal Chem 2022; 94:16987-16991. [PMID: 36449549 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c04449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Conductive nanopipettes offer promising confined spaces to enable advanced electrochemical sensing applications in small spaces. Herein, a series of metal-decorated carbon nanopipettes (CNPs) were developed, in which Au, Ag, and Pt are modified at the inner walls of CNPs by a simple electrodeposition method. The fabricated tips show good sensing performances for a variety of important analytes, such as glucose, hydrogen peroxide, and chloride and hydrogen ions in biological and catalytic systems. This simple and effective approach can be further extended to prepare other functionalized nanopipette electrodes toward more versatile and powerful measurements in electrochemical sensing and imaging applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhuan Wang
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100049, P. R. China
| | - Rujia Liu
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100049, P. R. China
| | - Yingfei Ma
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100049, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoyue Shen
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100049, P. R. China
| | - Dengchao Wang
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100049, P. R. China
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23
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Hussein EA, White RJ. Maintaining Single-Channel Recordings on a Silver Nanoneedle through Probe Design and Feedback Tip Positioning Control. J Phys Chem B 2022; 126:10111-10119. [PMID: 36395597 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.2c06275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Ion channel proteins showed great promise in the field of nanopore sensing and molecular flux imaging applications due to the atomic-level precision of the pore size and a high signal-to-noise ratio. More specifically, ion channel probes, where the protein channels are integrated at the end of a solid probe, can achieve highly localized detection. Metal probe materials such as gold and silver have been developed to support lipid bilayers and enable the use of smaller probes, or nanoneedles, compared to more traditional glass micropipette ion channel probes. Silver probes are preferable because they support sustained DC stable channel current due to the AgCl layer formed around the tip during the fabrication process. However, one of the current challenges in ion channel measurements is maintaining a single-channel recording. Multiple protein insertions complicate data analysis and destabilize the bilayer. Herein, we combine the promising probe material (Ag/AgCl) with an approach based on current feedback-controlled tip positioning to maintain long-term single-channel recordings for up to 3 h. We develop a hybrid positioning control system, where the channel current is used as feedback to control the vertical movement of the silver tip and, subsequently, control the number of protein channels inserted in the lipid membrane. Our findings reveal that the area of the lipid bilayer decreases with moving the silver tip up (i.e., decreasing the displacement in the z-direction). By reducing the bilayer area around the fine silver tip, we minimize the probability of multiple insertions and remove unwanted proteins. In addition, we characterize the effect of lipid properties such as fluidity on the lipid membrane area. We believe that the use of silver nanoneedles, which enables DC stable channel current, coupled with the developed tip displacement mechanism will offer more opportunities to employ these probes for chemical imaging and mapping different surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Essraa A Hussein
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio45221, United States
| | - Ryan J White
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio45221, United States.,Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio45221, United States
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24
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Zhao Z, Vaidyanathan S, Bhanja P, Gamage S, Saha S, McKinney C, Choi J, Park S, Pahattuge T, Wijerathne H, Jackson JM, Huppert ML, Witek MA, Soper SA. In-plane Extended Nano-coulter Counter (XnCC) for the Label-free Electrical Detection of Biological Particles. ELECTROANAL 2022; 34:1961-1975. [PMID: 37539083 PMCID: PMC10399599 DOI: 10.1002/elan.202200091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
We report an in-plane extended nanopore Coulter counter (XnCC) chip fabricated in a thermoplastic via imprinting. The fabrication of the sensor utilized both photolithography and focused ion beam milling to make the microfluidic network and the in-plane pore sensor, respectively, in Si from which UV resin stamps were generated followed by thermal imprinting to produce the final device in the appropriate plastic (cyclic olefin polymer, COP). As an example of the utility of this in-plane extended nanopore sensor, we enumerated SARS-CoV-2 viral particles (VPs) affinity-selected from saliva and extracellular vesicles (EVs) affinity-selected from plasma samples secured from mouse models exposed to different ionizing radiation doses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Zhao
- Bioengineering Program, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045
- Center of BioModular Multiscale Systems for Precision Medicine, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045
| | - Swarnagowri Vaidyanathan
- Bioengineering Program, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045
- Center of BioModular Multiscale Systems for Precision Medicine, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045
| | - Payel Bhanja
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160
- University of Kansas Cancer Center, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160
| | - Sachindra Gamage
- Center of BioModular Multiscale Systems for Precision Medicine, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045
| | - Subhrajit Saha
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160
- University of Kansas Cancer Center, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160
| | - Collin McKinney
- Center of BioModular Multiscale Systems for Precision Medicine, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045
- CRITCL, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Junseo Choi
- Center of BioModular Multiscale Systems for Precision Medicine, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045
- CRITCL, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Sunggook Park
- Center of BioModular Multiscale Systems for Precision Medicine, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045
- CRITCL, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Thilanga Pahattuge
- Center of BioModular Multiscale Systems for Precision Medicine, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045
| | - Harshani Wijerathne
- Center of BioModular Multiscale Systems for Precision Medicine, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045
| | - Joshua M Jackson
- Center of BioModular Multiscale Systems for Precision Medicine, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045
| | - Mateusz L Huppert
- Department of Industrial and Mechanical Engineering, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803
| | - Małgorzata A Witek
- Center of BioModular Multiscale Systems for Precision Medicine, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045
| | - Steven A Soper
- Bioengineering Program, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045
- Center of BioModular Multiscale Systems for Precision Medicine, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045
- University of Kansas Cancer Center, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045
- BioFluidica, Inc., San Diego, CA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045
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25
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Sciurti E, Biscaglia F, Prontera C, Giampetruzzi L, Blasi L, Francioso L. Nanoelectrodes for Intracellular and Intercellular electrochemical detection: working principles, fabrication techniques and applications. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2022.117125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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26
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Hatamie A, He X, Zhang XW, Oomen PE, Ewing AG. Advances in nano/microscale electrochemical sensors and biosensors for analysis of single vesicles, a key nanoscale organelle in cellular communication. Biosens Bioelectron 2022; 220:114899. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2022.114899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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27
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Pan R, Wang D, Liu K, Chen HY, Jiang D. Electrochemical Molecule Trap-Based Sensing of Low-Abundance Enzymes in One Living Cell. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:17558-17566. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c06962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rongrong Pan
- The State Key Lab of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Dengchao Wang
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Kang Liu
- The State Key Lab of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Hong-Yuan Chen
- The State Key Lab of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Dechen Jiang
- The State Key Lab of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, Jiangsu, P. R. China
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28
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Jia R, Rotenberg SA, Mirkin MV. Electrochemical Resistive-Pulse Sensing of Extracellular Vesicles. Anal Chem 2022; 94:12614-12620. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c01216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rui Jia
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Queens College-CUNY, Flushing, New York 11367, United States
- The Graduate Center of CUNY, New York, New York 10016, United States
| | - Susan A. Rotenberg
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Queens College-CUNY, Flushing, New York 11367, United States
- The Graduate Center of CUNY, New York, New York 10016, United States
| | - Michael V. Mirkin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Queens College-CUNY, Flushing, New York 11367, United States
- Advanced Science Research Center at The Graduate Center, CUNY, New York, New York 10031, United States
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29
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Ma Y, Zhao Y, Liu R, Wang D. Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy Featuring Transient Current Signals in Carbon Nanopipets with Dilute or No Redox Mediator. Anal Chem 2022; 94:11124-11128. [PMID: 35920511 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c02596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we report a sensitive scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) method based on the high transient current signals in carbon nanopipets (CNPs) under step potential waveforms. Taking advantage of the transient peak current, the approach curve can be conducted with very dilute (1 μM) or even no redox mediator and fitted by the scanning ion conductance microscopy (SICM) theory. In addition, a trace amount of electroactive species generated at the substrate can also be directly revealed from the transient current at the CNP tips. With the established feedback and generation/collection methods, we present the constant-height topography and electroactivity imaging of the substrates with only 1 μM K4Fe(CN)6. The developed new SECM method would allow the usage of CNPs to achieve both high sensitivity and spatial resolution with dilute or no redox mediator and thus find great potential applications in biological and electrocatalytic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingfei Ma
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Yingjie Zhao
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Rujia Liu
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Dengchao Wang
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
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30
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Chen Z, Wei W, Liu X, Ni BJ. Emerging electrochemical techniques for identifying and removing micro/nanoplastics in urban waters. WATER RESEARCH 2022; 221:118846. [PMID: 35841793 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2022.118846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/09/2022] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The ubiquitous micro/nanoplastics (MPs/NPs) in urban waters are priority pollutants due to their toxic effects on living organisms. Currently, great efforts have been made to realize a plastic-free urban water system, and the identification and removal of MPs/NPs are two primary issues. Among diverse methods, emerging electrochemical techniques have gained growing interests owing to their facile implementation, high efficiency, eco-compatibility, onsite operation, etc. Herein, recent progress in the electrochemical identification and removal of MPs/NPs in urban waters are comprehensively reviewed. The electrochemical sensing of MPs/NPs and their released pollutants (e.g., bisphenol A (BPA)) has been analyzed, and the sensing principles and the featured electrochemical devices/electrodes are examined. Afterwards, recent applications of electrochemical methods (i.e., electrocoagulation, electroadsorption, electrokinetic separation and electrochemical degradation) in MPs/NPs removal are discussed in detail. The influences of critical parameters (e.g., plastics' property, current density and electrolyte) in the electrochemical identification and removal of MPs/NPs are also analyzed. Finally, the current challenges and prospects in electrochemical sensing and removal of MPs/NPs in urban waters are elaborated. This review would advance efficient electrochemical technologies for future MPs/NPs pollutions management in urban waters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhijie Chen
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Wei Wei
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Xiaoqing Liu
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Bing-Jie Ni
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia.
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31
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Abstract
Conductive nanopipettes have been widely used as a multifunctional platform for emerging sensing applications in small spaces, although the electrochemical processes involved are not well controlled and fully quantified. Herein, we use an external pressure to precisely control the solution volume and regulate the electrochemical signals in carbon nanopipettes. In addition to polarizing the redox concentration profile, the pressure is found to generate a convective flow to control the transport processes of redox molecules and nanoparticles as well, and their quantitative correlation is established by a numerical simulation. The elucidated pressure-regulated electrochemistry in conductive nanopipettes would reveal the fundamental charge transport processes at the nanoscale and promote better usage of conductive nanopipettes for delivery and sensing applications in single-cell analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rujia Liu
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Dengchao Wang
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
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32
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He X, Ewing AG. Simultaneous Counting of Molecules in the Halo and Dense-Core of Nanovesicles by Regulating Dynamics of Vesicle Opening. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202116217. [PMID: 35129861 PMCID: PMC9306628 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202116217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
We report the discovery that in the presence of chaotropic anions (SCN−) the opening of nanometer biological vesicles at an electrified interface often becomes a two‐step process (around 30 % doublet peaks). We have then used this to independently count molecules in each subvesicular compartment, the halo and protein dense‐core, and the fraction of catecholamine binding to the dense‐core is 68 %. Moreover, we differentiated two distinct populations of large dense‐core vesicles (LDCVs) and quantified their content, which might correspond to immature (43 %) and mature (30 %) LDCVs, to reveal differences in their biogenesis. We speculate this is caused by an increase in the electrostatic attraction between protonated catecholamine and the negatively charged dense‐core following adsorption of SCN−.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiulan He
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, Kemivägen 10, 41296, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Andrew G Ewing
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, Kemivägen 10, 41296, Gothenburg, Sweden
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33
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He X, Ewing AG. Simultaneous Counting of Molecules in the Halo and Dense‐Core of Nanovesicles by Regulating Dynamics of Vesicle Opening. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202116217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiulan He
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology University of Gothenburg Kemivägen 10 41296 Gothenburg Sweden
| | - Andrew G. Ewing
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology University of Gothenburg Kemivägen 10 41296 Gothenburg Sweden
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34
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Hu K, Le Vo KL, Hatamie A, Ewing AG. Quantifying Intracellular Single Vesicular Catecholamine Concentration with Open Carbon Nanopipettes to Unveil the Effect of L‐DOPA on Vesicular Structure. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202113406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Keke Hu
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology University of Gothenburg Kemivägen 10 41296 Gothenburg Sweden
| | - Kim Long Le Vo
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology University of Gothenburg Kemivägen 10 41296 Gothenburg Sweden
| | - Amir Hatamie
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology University of Gothenburg Kemivägen 10 41296 Gothenburg Sweden
| | - Andrew G. Ewing
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology University of Gothenburg Kemivägen 10 41296 Gothenburg Sweden
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35
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Akhtarian S, Miri S, Doostmohammadi A, Brar SK, Rezai P. Nanopore sensors for viral particle quantification: current progress and future prospects. Bioengineered 2021; 12:9189-9215. [PMID: 34709987 PMCID: PMC8810133 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2021.1995991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Revised: 10/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Rapid, inexpensive, and laboratory-free diagnostic of viral pathogens is highly critical in controlling viral pandemics. In recent years, nanopore-based sensors have been employed to detect, identify, and classify virus particles. By tracing ionic current containing target molecules across nano-scale pores, nanopore sensors can recognize the target molecules at the single-molecule level. In the case of viruses, they enable discrimination of individual viruses and obtaining important information on the physical and chemical properties of viral particles. Despite classical benchtop virus detection methods, such as amplification techniques (e.g., PCR) or immunological assays (e.g., ELISA), that are mainly laboratory-based, expensive and time-consuming, nanopore-based sensing methods can enable low-cost and real-time point-of-care (PoC) and point-of-need (PoN) monitoring of target viruses. This review discusses the limitations of classical virus detection methods in PoN virus monitoring and then provides a comprehensive overview of nanopore sensing technology and its emerging applications in quantifying virus particles and classifying virus sub-types. Afterward, it discusses the recent progress in the field of nanopore sensing, including integrating nanopore sensors with microfabrication technology, microfluidics and artificial intelligence, which have been demonstrated to be promising in developing the next generation of low-cost and portable biosensors for the sensitive recognition of viruses and emerging pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiva Akhtarian
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Saba Miri
- Department of Civil Engineering, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Ali Doostmohammadi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | - Pouya Rezai
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
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36
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Liu R, Ma Y, Shen X, Wang D. Quantification of the charge transport processes inside carbon nanopipettes. Chem Sci 2021; 12:14752-14757. [PMID: 34820090 PMCID: PMC8597862 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc04282c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Conductive nanopipettes have been extensively used as powerful multifunctional probes for electrochemical and ion transport measurements, while the involved charge transfer processes have not been fully explored. In this paper, we use both experimental and simulation methods to de-convolute and quantify the respective electron transfer (ET) and ion transport (IT) contributions to the resulting current signals in carbon nanopipettes (CNPs). The results present that the current signals in CNPs are determined by ET in the case of low solution depth and long timescales, while IT becomes dominant at short timescales or high solution depth. In addition, the electrochemically and chemically irreversible ET processes in CNPs were also quantified. The elucidated and quantified charge transport processes inside CNPs will help control and optimize the IT and ET processes at the nanoscale, promoting better and broad usage of conductive nanopipettes in single-entity sensing and imaging applications. The coupled electron transfer (ET) and ion transport (IT) processes in conductive nanopipettes, at both steady and transient states, are elucidated and quantified by experiments and simulation.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Rujia Liu
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 10049 P. R. China
| | - Yingfei Ma
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 10049 P. R. China
| | - Xiaoyue Shen
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 10049 P. R. China
| | - Dengchao Wang
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 10049 P. R. China
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37
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Hu K, Le Vo KL, Hatamie A, Ewing AG. Quantifying Intracellular Single Vesicular Catecholamine Concentration with Open Carbon Nanopipettes to Unveil the Effect of L-DOPA on Vesicular Structure. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 61:e202113406. [PMID: 34734466 PMCID: PMC9299131 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202113406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the regulatory mechanisms of exocytosis is essential for uncovering the pathologies of neuronal disorders and developing related pharmaceuticals. In this work intracellular vesicle impact electrochemical cytometry (IVIEC) measurements with different‐sized (50–500 nm radius) open carbon nanopipettes (CNPs) were performed to quantify the vesicular content and release kinetics of specific vesicle populations grouped by orifice sizes. Intracellular vesicles with radius below 100 nm were captured and narrowed between 50 and 100 nm. On the basis of this, single vesicular catecholamine concentrations in the intracellular environment were quantified as 0.23–1.1 M. Our results with L‐3,4‐dihydroxyphenylalanine (L‐DOPA)‐exposure indicate that L‐DOPA regulates exocytosis by increasing the dense core size and vesicular content while catecholamine concentrations did not show obvious alterations. These were all achieved simultaneously and relatively noninvasively with open CNPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keke Hu
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, Kemivägen 10, 41296, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Kim Long Le Vo
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, Kemivägen 10, 41296, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Amir Hatamie
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, Kemivägen 10, 41296, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Andrew G Ewing
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, Kemivägen 10, 41296, Gothenburg, Sweden
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38
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Wang XY, Lv J, Hong Q, Zhou ZR, Li DW, Qian RC. Nanopipette-Based Nanosensor for Label-Free Electrochemical Monitoring of Cell Membrane Rupture under H 2O 2 Treatment. Anal Chem 2021; 93:13967-13973. [PMID: 34623143 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c03313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
H2O2 is an essential signaling molecule in living cells that can cause direct damage to lipids, proteins, and DNA, resulting in cell membrane rupture. However, current studies mostly focus on probe-based sensing of intracellular H2O2, and these methods usually require sophisticated probe synthesis and instruments. In particular, local H2O2 treatment induces cell membrane rupture, but the level of cell membrane destruction is unknown because the mechanical properties of the cell membrane are difficult to accurately determine. Therefore, highly sensitive and label-free methods are required to measure and reflect mechanical changes in the cell membrane. Here, using an ultrasmall quartz nanopipette with a tip diameter less than 90 nm as a nanosensor, label-free and noninvasive electrochemical single-cell measurement is achieved for real-time monitoring of cell membrane rupture under H2O2 treatment. By spatially controlling the nanopipette tip to precisely approach a specific location on the membrane of a single living cell, stable cyclic membrane oscillations are observed under a constant direct current voltage. Specifically, upon nanopipette advancement, the mechanical status of the cell membrane can be sensibly displayed by continuous current versus time traces. The electrical signals are collected and processed, ultimately revealing the mechanical properties of the cell membrane and the degree of cell apoptosis. This nanopipette-based nanosensor paves the way for developing a facile, label-free, and noninvasive strategy to assay the mechanical properties of the cell membrane during external stimulation at the single-cell level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Yuan Wang
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials & School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China
| | - Jian Lv
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials & School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China
| | - Qin Hong
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials & School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China
| | - Ze-Rui Zhou
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials & School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China
| | - Da-Wei Li
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials & School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China
| | - Ruo-Can Qian
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials & School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China
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39
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Zhang D, Zhang X. Bioinspired Solid-State Nanochannel Sensors: From Ionic Current Signals, Current, and Fluorescence Dual Signals to Faraday Current Signals. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2021; 17:e2100495. [PMID: 34117705 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202100495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 02/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Inspired from bioprotein channels of living organisms, constructing "abiotic" analogues, solid-state nanochannels, to achieve "smart" sensing towards various targets, is highly seductive. When encountered with certain stimuli, dynamic switch of terminal modified probes in terms of surface charge, conformation, fluorescence property, electric potential as well as wettability can be monitored via transmembrane ionic current, fluorescence intensity, faraday current signals of nanochannels and so on. Herein, the modification methodologies of nanochannels and targets-detecting application are summarized in ions, small molecules, as well as biomolecules, and systematically reviewed are the nanochannel-based detection means including 1) by transmembrane current signals; 2) by the coordination of current- and fluorescence-dual signals; 3) by faraday current signals from nanochannel-based electrode. The coordination of current and fluorescence dual signals offers great benefits for synchronous temporal and spatial monitoring. Faraday signals enable the nanoelectrode to monitor both redox and non-redox components. Notably, by incorporation with confined effect of tip region of a needle-like nanopipette, glorious in-vivo monitoring is conferred on the nanopipette detector at high temporal-spatial resolution. In addition, some outlooks for future application in reliable practical samples analysis and leading research endeavors in the related fantastic fields are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Zhang
- Cancer Centre and Centre of Reproduction, Development and Aging, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, SAR, 999078, China
| | - Xuanjun Zhang
- Cancer Centre and Centre of Reproduction, Development and Aging, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, SAR, 999078, China
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40
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Wang N, Pan R, Ji L, Jiang D, Chen HY. Photoelectrochemical analysis of the alkaline phosphatase activity in single living cells. Analyst 2021; 146:5528-5532. [PMID: 34515710 DOI: 10.1039/d1an01273h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Conventional photoelectrochemical (PEC) analysis mostly utilizes photoactive material modified planar indium tin oxides (ITOs) to obtain photocurrent responses for the measurement of analytes in solution. In this work, a CdS quantum dot (QD) modified nanopipette was prepared for the PEC analysis of the alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity in single MCF-7 cells. The nanopipette was filled with ascorbic acid 2-phosphate (AAP) that was egressed outside the nanopipette by electrochemical pumping. Next, AAP was catalyzed by ALP to generate ascorbic acid (AA), which is an efficient electron donor for CdS QDs under illumination. Based on the result that the nanopipette showed a linear photocurrent response to AA, a nearly linear correlation between the photocurrent and the activity of ALP was established. Accordingly, using these CdS QD modified nanopipettes, the ALP activity in single MCF-7 cells was determined to be 0.12 U mL-1 by PEC analysis. This work does not expand the application of PEC bioanalysis, but offers a new strategy for single cell analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210092, China.
| | - Rongrong Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210092, China.
| | - Lina Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210092, China.
| | - Dechen Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210092, China.
| | - Hong-Yuan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210092, China.
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41
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Hussein EA, White RJ. Silver Nanoneedle Probes Enable Sustained DC Current, Single-Channel Resistive Pulse Nanopore Sensing. Anal Chem 2021; 93:11568-11575. [PMID: 34378930 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c02087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Resistive pulse sensing using ion channel proteins (biological nanopores) has been evolving as a single-molecule approach to detect small biomolecules owing to atomically precise pore size reproducibility, high signal-to-noise ratio, and molecular selectivity. The incorporation of biological nanopores in sensing platforms requires a stable lipid membrane that can be formed by a variety of methods such as the painting method and droplet-based techniques. However, these methods are limited by the fragility of the unsupported bilayer or the need for specific microdevices. Electrode-supported bilayers, in which a metal electrode is used as a support structure, have been recently developed using a fine gold nanoneedle. We previously described the utility of the gold nanoneedle-supported ion channel probe to detect small molecules with high spatial resolution; however, it exhibited a channel current decay over time, which affected the binding frequency of the target molecule to the protein pore as well. Here, we introduce a silver nanoneedle probe to support the lipid bilayer formation and ion channel measurements. The silver nanoneedle mitigates the current decay observed on gold electrodes and produces stable DC channel currents. Our findings propose the formation of a AgCl layer creating a nonpolarizable electrode. The new nanoneedle is successfully applied for single-molecule detection of sulfonated β-cyclodextrin (S7βCD) using αHL as a test bed protein. We believe that this new silver nanoneedle platform has great potential given the relative ease of lipid bilayer formation and stable open channel currents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Essraa A Hussein
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221, United States
| | - Ryan J White
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221, United States.,Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221, United States
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42
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Zhao Z, Wijerathne H, Godwin AK, Soper SA. Isolation and analysis methods of extracellular vesicles (EVs). EXTRACELLULAR VESICLES AND CIRCULATING NUCLEIC ACIDS 2021; 2:80-103. [PMID: 34414401 PMCID: PMC8372011 DOI: 10.20517/evcna.2021.07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have been recognized as an evolving biomarker within the liquid biopsy family. While carrying both host cell proteins and different types of RNAs, EVs are also present in sufficient quantities in biological samples to be tested using many molecular analysis platforms to interrogate their content. However, because EVs in biological samples are comprised of both disease and non-disease related EVs, enrichment is often required to remove potential interferences from the downstream molecular assay. Most benchtop isolation/enrichment methods require > milliliter levels of sample and can cause varying degrees of damage to the EVs. In addition, some of the common EV benchtop isolation methods do not sort the diseased from the non-diseased related EVs. Simultaneously, the detection of the overall concentration and size distribution of the EVs is highly dependent on techniques such as electron microscopy and Nanoparticle Tracking Analysis, which can include unexpected variations and biases as well as complexity in the analysis. This review discusses the importance of EVs as a biomarker secured from a liquid biopsy and covers some of the traditional and non-traditional, including microfluidics and resistive pulse sensing, technologies for EV isolation and detection, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Zhao
- Bioengineering Program, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA.,Center of BioModular Multiscale Systems for Precision Medicine, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA
| | - Harshani Wijerathne
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA
| | - Andrew K Godwin
- KU Cancer Center, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Steven A Soper
- Bioengineering Program, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA.,Center of BioModular Multiscale Systems for Precision Medicine, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA.,Department of Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA.,Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA.,KU Cancer Center, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA.,Ulsan National Institute of Science & Technology, Ulju-gun, Ulsan, 44919, South Korea
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43
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Huang L, Zhang J, Xiang Z, Wu D, Huang X, Huang X, Liang Z, Tang ZY, Deng H. Faradaic Counter for Liposomes Loaded with Potassium, Sodium Ions, or Protonated Dopamine. Anal Chem 2021; 93:9495-9504. [PMID: 34196181 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c01336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Collisional electrochemistry between single particles and a biomimetic polarized micro-liquid/liquid interface has emerged as a novel and powerful analytical method for measurements of single particles. Using this platform, rapid detection of liposomes at the single particle level is reported herein. Individual potassium, sodium, or protonated dopamine-encapsulated (pristine or protein-decorated) liposomes collide and fuse with the polarized micro-liquid/liquid interface accompanying the release of ions, which are recorded as spike-like current transients of stochastic nature. The sizing and concentration of the liposomes can be readily estimated by quantifying the amount of encapsulated ions in individual liposomes via integrating each current spike versus time and the spike frequency, respectively. We call this type of nanosensing technology "Faradaic counter". The estimated liposome size distribution by this method is in line with the dynamic light scattering (DLS) measurements, implying that the quantized current spikes are indeed caused by the collisions of individual liposomes. The reported electrochemical sensing technology may become a viable alternative to DLS and other commercial nanoparticle analysis systems, for example, nanoparticle tracking analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linhan Huang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519082, China
| | - Jingcheng Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519082, China
| | - Zhipeng Xiang
- Key Laboratory on Fuel Cell Technology of Guangdong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China
| | - Di Wu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519082, China
| | - Xinjian Huang
- Institute of Intelligent Perception, Midea Corporate Research Center, Foshan 528311, China
| | - Xizhe Huang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519082, China
| | - Zhenxing Liang
- Key Laboratory on Fuel Cell Technology of Guangdong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China
| | - Zhen-Yu Tang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Haiqiang Deng
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519082, China
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44
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Barman K, Wang X, Jia R, Mirkin MV. Mediated Charge Transfer at Nanoelectrodes: A New Approach to Electrochemical Reactivity Mapping and Nanosensing. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:8547-8551. [PMID: 34061516 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c02532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) is a powerful tool for mapping surface reactivity. Electrochemical mapping of electrocatalytic processes at the nanoscale is, however, challenging because the surface of a nanoelectrode tip is easily fouled by impurities and/or deactivated by products and intermediates of innersphere surface reactions. To overcome this difficulty, we introduce new types of SECM nanotips based on bimolecular electron transfer between the dissolved electroactive species and a redox mediator attached to the surface of a carbon nanoelectrode. A tris(2,2'-bipyridine)ruthenium complex, Ru(bpy)3, that undergoes reversible oxidation/reduction reactions at both positive and negative potentials was used to prepare the SECM nanoprobes for mapping a wide range of electrocatalytic processes through oxidation of H2, reduction of O2, and both oxidation and reduction of H2O2 at the tip. In addition to high-resolution reactivity mapping and localized kinetic measurements, chemically modified nanoelectrodes can serve as nanosensors for a number of important analytes such as reactive oxygen and nitrogen species and neurotransmitters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koushik Barman
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Queens College-CUNY, Flushing, New York 11367, United States
| | - Xiang Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Queens College-CUNY, Flushing, New York 11367, United States.,The Graduate Center of CUNY, New York, New York 10016, United States
| | - Rui Jia
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Queens College-CUNY, Flushing, New York 11367, United States.,The Graduate Center of CUNY, New York, New York 10016, United States
| | - Michael V Mirkin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Queens College-CUNY, Flushing, New York 11367, United States.,The Graduate Center of CUNY, New York, New York 10016, United States
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45
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Liu R, Shen X, Wang D. Electrochemical Collision of Single Silver Nanoparticles in Carbon Nanopipettes. Anal Chem 2021; 93:7394-7398. [PMID: 33978403 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c01382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Exploring the electrochemical collision features at nanoelectrodes is highly desirable for revealing new physical insights and further expanding its applications at smaller spaces. Herein, we study the collision processes of single silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) inside carbon nanopipettes (CNPs). Results show that AgNPs undergo multiple collision and oxidation processes prior to fully oxidation after entering into the CNPs. Different from the disk electrodes, the produced Ag+ cannot immediately diffuse away from the cavity and will be reduced once switching to reductive potentials. More intriguingly, we observe discrete cathodic spikes from the Ag+ reduction, which are presumably due to the negatively charged carbon surface confined in the CNPs. The elucidated collision features in a CNP would enable its better usage for single entity measurements at confined spaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rujia Liu
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 10049, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoyue Shen
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 10049, P. R. China
| | - Dengchao Wang
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 10049, P. R. China
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46
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Barlow ST, Figueroa B, Fu D, Zhang B. Membrane Tension Modifies Redox Loading and Release in Single Liposome Electroanalysis. Anal Chem 2021; 93:3876-3882. [PMID: 33596378 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c04536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Here, we present a study of how liposomes are loaded and release their contents during their electrochemical detection. We loaded 200 nm liposomes with a redox mediator, ferrocyanide, and used amperometry to detect their collision on a carbon-fiber microelectrode (CFE). We found that we could control the favorability of their electroporation process and the amount of ferrocyanide released by modifying the osmolarity of the buffer in which the liposomes were suspended. Interestingly, we observed that the quantity of the released ferrocyanide varied significantly with buffer osmolarity in a nonmonotonic fashion. Using stimulated Raman scattering (SRS), we confirmed that this behavior was partly explained by fluctuations in the intravesicular redox concentration in response to osmotic pressure. To our surprise, the redox concentration obtained from SRS was much greater than that obtained from amperometry, implying that liposomes may release only a fraction of their contents during electroporation. Consistent with this hypothesis, we observed barrages of electrochemical signals that far exceeded the frequency predicted by Poisson statistics, suggesting that single liposomes can collide with the CFE and electroporate multiple times. With this study, we have resolved some outstanding questions surrounding electrochemical detection of liposomes while extending observations from giant unilamellar vesicles to 200 nm liposomes with high temporal resolution and sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel T Barlow
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-1700, United States
| | - Benjamin Figueroa
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-1700, United States
| | - Dan Fu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-1700, United States
| | - Bo Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-1700, United States
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47
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Affiliation(s)
- Keke Hu
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, Kemivägen 10, 41296 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Tho D. K. Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, Kemivägen 10, 41296 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Stefania Rabasco
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, Kemivägen 10, 41296 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Pieter E. Oomen
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, Kemivägen 10, 41296 Gothenburg, Sweden
- ParaMedir B.V., 1e Energieweg 13, 9301 LK Roden, The Netherlands
| | - Andrew G. Ewing
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, Kemivägen 10, 41296 Gothenburg, Sweden
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48
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Liu Y, Du J, Wang M, Zhang J, Liu C, Li X. Recent Progress in Quantitatively Monitoring Vesicular Neurotransmitter Release and Storage With Micro/Nanoelectrodes. Front Chem 2021; 8:591311. [PMID: 33505953 PMCID: PMC7831278 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2020.591311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Exocytosis is one of the essential steps for chemical signal transmission between neurons. In this process, vesicles dock and fuse with the plasma membrane and release the stored neurotransmitters through fusion pores into the extracellular space, and all of these steps are governed with various molecules, such as proteins, ions, and even lipids. Quantitatively monitoring vesicular neurotransmitter release in exocytosis and initial neurotransmitter storage in individual vesicles is significant for the study of chemical signal transmission of the central nervous system (CNS) and neurological diseases. Electrochemistry with micro/nanoelectrodes exhibits great spatial-temporal resolution and high sensitivity. It can be used to examine the exocytotic kinetics from the aspect of neurotransmitters and quantify the neurotransmitter storage in individual vesicles. In this review, we first introduce the recent advances of single-cell amperometry (SCA) and the nanoscale interface between two immiscible electrolyte solutions (nanoITIES), which can monitor the quantity and release the kinetics of electrochemically and non-electrochemically active neurotransmitters, respectively. Then, the development and application of the vesicle impact electrochemical cytometry (VIEC) and intracellular vesicle impact electrochemical cytometry (IVIEC) and their combination with other advanced techniques can further explain the mechanism of neurotransmitter storage in vesicles before exocytosis. It has been proved that these electrochemical techniques have great potential in the field of neuroscience.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Chunlan Liu
- Center for Imaging and Systems Biology, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing, China
| | - Xianchan Li
- Center for Imaging and Systems Biology, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing, China
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49
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Hu K, Jia R, Hatamie A, Le Vo KL, Mirkin MV, Ewing AG. Correlating Molecule Count and Release Kinetics with Vesicular Size Using Open Carbon Nanopipettes. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:16910-16914. [PMID: 32935993 PMCID: PMC7547877 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c07169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
![]()
In this work, open carbon nanopipettes
(CNPs) with radius between
50 and 600 nm were used to control translocation of different-sized
vesicles through the pipette orifice followed by nanoelectrochemical
analysis. Vesicle impact electrochemical cytometry (VIEC) was used
to determine the number of catecholamine molecules expelled from single
vesicles onto an inner-wall carbon surface, where the duration of
transmitter release was quantified and correlated to the vesicle size
all in the same nanotip. This in turn allowed us to both size and
count molecules for vesicles in a living cell. Here, small and sharp
open CNPs were employed to carry out intracellular VIEC with minimal
invasion and high sensitivity. Our findings with VIEC reveal that
the vesicular content increases with vesicle size. The release kinetics
of vesicular transmitters and dense core size have the same relation
with the vesicle size, implying that the vesicular dense core size
determines the speed of each release event. This direct correlation
unravels one of the complexities of exocytosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keke Hu
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, Kemivägen 10, 41296 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Rui Jia
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Queens College-CUNY, Flushing, New York 11367, United States.,The Graduate Center of the City University of New York, New York, New York 10016, United States
| | - Amir Hatamie
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, Kemivägen 10, 41296 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Kim Long Le Vo
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, Kemivägen 10, 41296 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Michael V Mirkin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Queens College-CUNY, Flushing, New York 11367, United States.,The Graduate Center of the City University of New York, New York, New York 10016, United States
| | - Andrew G Ewing
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, Kemivägen 10, 41296 Gothenburg, Sweden
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50
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Jia R, Mirkin MV. The double life of conductive nanopipette: a nanopore and an electrochemical nanosensor. Chem Sci 2020; 11:9056-9066. [PMID: 34123158 PMCID: PMC8163349 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc02807j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The continuing interest in nanoscale research has spurred the development of nanosensors for liquid phase measurements. These include nanopore-based sensors typically employed for detecting nanoscale objects, such as nanoparticles, vesicles and biomolecules, and electrochemical nanosensors suitable for identification and quantitative analysis of redox active molecules. In this Perspective, we discuss conductive nanopipettes (CNP) that can combine the advantages of single entity sensitivity of nanopore detection with high selectivity and capacity for quantitative analysis offered by electrochemical sensors. Additionally, the small physical size and needle-like shape of a CNP enables its use as a tip in the scanning electrochemical microscope (SECM), thus, facilitating precise positioning and localized measurements in biological systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Jia
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Queens College-CUNY Flushing NY 11367 USA
- The Graduate Center of CUNY New York NY 10016 USA
| | - Michael V Mirkin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Queens College-CUNY Flushing NY 11367 USA
- The Graduate Center of CUNY New York NY 10016 USA
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