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Ramakrishnan R, Madhu M, Babu HC, Sebastian E, Hariharan M. Excited-State Dynamics in Segregated Donor-Acceptor Stacks Versus a Peri-Bisdonor-Acceptor System. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202401969. [PMID: 38956975 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202401969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2024] [Revised: 06/23/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
The investigation of impact of through-space/through-bond electronic interaction among chromophores on photoexcited-state properties has immense potential owing to the distinct emergent photophysical pathways. Herein, the photoexcited-state dynamics of homo-sorted π-stacked aggregates of a naphthalenemonoimide and perylene-based acceptor-donor (NI-Pe) system and a fork-shaped acceptor-bisdonor (NI-Pe2) system possessing integrally stacked peri-substituted donors was examined. Femtosecond transient absorption (fsTA) spectra of NI-Pe monomer recorded in chloroform displayed spectroscopic signatures of the singlet state of Pe; 1Pe*, the charge-separated state; NI-⋅-Pe+⋅, and the triplet state of Pe; 3Pe*. The examination of ultrafast excited-state processes of NI-Pe aggregate in chloroform revealed faster charge recombination (τ C R a ${{\tau }_{CR}^{a}}$ =1.75 ns) than the corresponding monomer (τ C R m ${{\tau }_{CR}^{m}}$ =2.46 ns) which was followed by observation of a broad structureless band attributed to an excimer-like state. The fork-shaped NI-Pe2 displayed characteristic spectroscopic features of the NI radical anion (λmax~450 nm) and perylene dimer radical cation (λmax~520 nm) upon photoexcitation in non-polar toluene solvent in the nanosecond transient absorption (nsTA) spectroscopy. The investigation highlights the significance of intrinsic close-stacked arrangement of donors in ensuring a long-lived photoinduced charge-separated state (τ C R ${{\tau }_{CR}}$ =1.35 μs) in non-polar solvents via delocalization of radical cation between the donors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Remya Ramakrishnan
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education, Research Thiruvananthapuram (IISER TVM), Maruthamala P.O., 695551, Vithura, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | - Meera Madhu
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education, Research Thiruvananthapuram (IISER TVM), Maruthamala P.O., 695551, Vithura, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | - Hruidya C Babu
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education, Research Thiruvananthapuram (IISER TVM), Maruthamala P.O., 695551, Vithura, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | - Ebin Sebastian
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education, Research Thiruvananthapuram (IISER TVM), Maruthamala P.O., 695551, Vithura, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | - Mahesh Hariharan
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education, Research Thiruvananthapuram (IISER TVM), Maruthamala P.O., 695551, Vithura, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
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2
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O'Connor JP, Schultz JD, Tcyrulnikov NA, Kim T, Young RM, Wasielewski MR. Distinct vibrational motions promote disparate excited-state decay pathways in cofacial perylenediimide dimers. J Chem Phys 2024; 161:074306. [PMID: 39145558 DOI: 10.1063/5.0218752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 08/16/2024] Open
Abstract
A complex interplay of structural, electronic, and vibrational degrees of freedom underpins the fate of molecular excited states. Organic assemblies exhibit a myriad of excited-state decay processes, such as symmetry-breaking charge separation (SB-CS), excimer (EX) formation, singlet fission, and energy transfer. Recent studies of cofacial and slip-stacked perylene-3,4:9,10-bis(dicarboximide) (PDI) multimers demonstrate that slight variations in core substituents and H- or J-type aggregation can determine whether the system follows an SB-CS pathway or an EX one. However, questions regarding the relative importance of structural properties and molecular vibrations in driving the excited-state dynamics remain. Here, we use a combination of two-dimensional electronic spectroscopy, femtosecond stimulated Raman spectroscopy, and quantum chemistry computations to compare the photophysics of two PDI dimers. The dimer with 1,7-bis(pyrrolidin-1'-yl) substituents (5PDI2) undergoes ultrafast SB-CS from a photoexcited mixed state, while the dimer with bis-1,7-(3',5'-di-t-butylphenoxy) substituents (PPDI2) rapidly forms an EX state. Examination of their quantum beating features reveals that SB-CS in 5PDI2 is driven by the collective vibronic coupling of two or more excited-state vibrations. In contrast, we observe signatures of low-frequency vibrational coherence transfer during EX formation by PPDI2, which aligns with several previous studies. We conclude that key electronic and structural differences between 5PDI2 and PPDI2 determine their markedly different photophysics.
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Affiliation(s)
- James P O'Connor
- Department of Chemistry and Paula M. Trienens Institute for Sustainability and Energy, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, USA
| | - Jonathan D Schultz
- Department of Chemistry and Paula M. Trienens Institute for Sustainability and Energy, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, USA
| | - Nikolai A Tcyrulnikov
- Department of Chemistry and Paula M. Trienens Institute for Sustainability and Energy, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, USA
| | - Taeyeon Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Paula M. Trienens Institute for Sustainability and Energy, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, USA
| | - Ryan M Young
- Department of Chemistry and Paula M. Trienens Institute for Sustainability and Energy, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, USA
| | - Michael R Wasielewski
- Department of Chemistry and Paula M. Trienens Institute for Sustainability and Energy, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, USA
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Mazumder A, Vinod K, Maret PD, Das PP, Hariharan M. Symmetry-Breaking Charge Separation Mediated Triplet Population in a Perylenediimide Trimer at the Single-Molecule Level. J Phys Chem Lett 2024; 15:5896-5904. [PMID: 38805687 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.4c01201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
Herein, we demonstrate triplet excited-state population in a conformationally rigid perylenediimide trimer (PDI-T) via intramolecular symmetry-breaking charge separation (SB-CS) at the single-molecule level. The single-molecule fluorescence intensity trajectories of PDI-T in nonpolar polystyrene matrix (ε = 2.60) exhibit prolonged fluorescence with infrequent dark states, representing the triplet and/or the charge transfer states. In contrast, in a poly(vinyl alcohol) matrix (ε = 7.80), erratic blinking dynamics resulting in low photon counts were observed, corroborating the feasibility of charge separation in a polar environment. In agreement with the single-molecule measurements, transient absorption spectroscopy of PDI-T reveals ultrafast SB-CS (τCS < 5 ps) in polar tetrahydrofuran (ε = 7.58) and acetone (ε = 20.70), with the population of the triplet excited-state through charge recombination. The current investigation shows the utility of rigid and weakly coupled molecular constructs in controlling triplet generation and SB-CS for potential applications in optoelectronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aniruddha Mazumder
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram, Maruthamala P.O., Vithura, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695551, India
| | - Kavya Vinod
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram, Maruthamala P.O., Vithura, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695551, India
| | - Philip Daniel Maret
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram, Maruthamala P.O., Vithura, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695551, India
| | - Pallavi Panthakkal Das
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram, Maruthamala P.O., Vithura, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695551, India
| | - Mahesh Hariharan
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram, Maruthamala P.O., Vithura, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695551, India
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Bo Y, Zhang H, Li Y, Reva Y, Xie L, Guldi DM. Tuning the Absorption, Fluorescence, Intramolecular Charge Transfer, and Intersystem Crossing in Spiro[fluorene]acridinone. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202313936. [PMID: 38314965 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202313936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
In this work, we prepared a series of electron donor-acceptor systems based on spiro[fluorene-9,7'-dibenzo[c,h]acridine]-5'-one (SFDBAO). Our SFDBAOs consist of orthogonally positioned fluorenes and aromatic ketones. By fine-tuning the substitution of electron-donating pyrenes, the complex interplay among different excited-state decay channels and the overall impact of solvents on these decay channels were uncovered. Placing pyrene, for example, at the aromatic ketones resulted in a profound solvatochromism in the form of a bright charge-transfer (CT) emission spanning from yellow to red-NIR. In contrast, a dark non-emissive CT was noted upon pyrene substitution at the fluorenes. In apolar solvents, efficient triplet-excited state generation was observed for all SFDBAOs. Either charge transfer was concluded to mediate the intersystem crossing (ISC) in the case of pyrene substitution or the El-Sayed rule was applicable when lacking pyrene substitution as in the case of SFABAO. In polar solvents, charge separation is the sole decay upon pyrene substitution. Moreover, competition between ISC and CT lowered the triplet-excited state generation in SFDBAO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Bo
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy &, Interdisciplinary Center of Molecular Materials, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstrasse 3, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - He Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Center for Molecular Systems and Organic Devices (CMSOD), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Wenyuan Road 9, Nanjing, 210023, China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Anhui University, Jiulong Road 111, Hefei, 230601, China
| | - Yue Li
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Center for Molecular Systems and Organic Devices (CMSOD), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Wenyuan Road 9, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Yana Reva
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy &, Interdisciplinary Center of Molecular Materials, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstrasse 3, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Linghai Xie
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Center for Molecular Systems and Organic Devices (CMSOD), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Wenyuan Road 9, Nanjing, 210023, China
- School of Flexible Electronics (SoFE), Henan Institute of Flexible Electronics (HIFE), Henan University, Mingli Road 379, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Dirk M Guldi
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy &, Interdisciplinary Center of Molecular Materials, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstrasse 3, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
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5
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Balanikas E, Reymond-Joubin M, Vauthey E. Excited-State Symmetry Breaking in Solvent Mixtures. J Phys Chem Lett 2024; 15:2447-2452. [PMID: 38407054 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.4c00213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
A large number of multipolar dyes undergo excited-state symmetry breaking (ESSB) in polar media. During this process, electronic excitation, initially distributed evenly over the molecule, localizes, at least partially, on one donor-acceptor branch. To resolve its initial stage, ESSB is investigated with a donor-acceptor-donor dye in binary mixtures of nonpolar and polar solvents using time-resolved infrared absorption spectroscopy. The presence of a few polar molecules around the dye is sufficient to initiate ESSB. Although the extent of asymmetry in a mixture is close to that in a pure solvent of similar polarity, the dynamics are slower and involve translational diffusion. However, preferential solvation in the mixtures leads to a larger local polarity. Furthermore, inhomogeneous broadening of the S1 ← S0 absorption band of the dye is observed in the mixtures, allowing for a photoselection of solutes with different local environments and ESSB dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evangelos Balanikas
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Geneva, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Maric Reymond-Joubin
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Geneva, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Eric Vauthey
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Geneva, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland
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Matuszczyk D, Lee YJ, Kang S, Chmielewski PJ, Cybińska J, Kim D, Stępień M. π-Extended Hexapyrrolylbenzenes: Exploring Charge-Transfer Phenomena in Donor-Acceptor Propellers. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202302429. [PMID: 37624878 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202302429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
A family of propeller-shaped donor-acceptor hexapyrrolylbenzenes (HPBs) were designed and synthesized by sequential nucleophilic substitution of hexafluorobenzene with π-extended pyrroles. In particular, four hybrids were obtained, containing various combinations of electron-rich and electron-poor acenaphthylene-fused pyrroles. Additionally, to probe the efficiency of ortho transfer interactions, a system was designed containing unique donor and acceptor subunits spatially separated with four unfunctionalized pyrroles. DFT calculations showed propeller-shaped geometries of all HPB molecules and separation of frontier molecular orbitals between donor and acceptor subunits. Steady-state and time-resolved photophysical measurements revealed charge-transfer (CT) character of the emission with strong positive dependence on solvent polarity. The principal CT pathway involves ortho-positioned pairs of donors and acceptors and requires bending of the acceptor in the excited state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Matuszczyk
- Wydział Chemii, Uniwersytet Wrocławski, ul. F. Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Yu Jin Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Seongsoo Kang
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Piotr J Chmielewski
- Wydział Chemii, Uniwersytet Wrocławski, ul. F. Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Joanna Cybińska
- Wydział Chemii, Uniwersytet Wrocławski, ul. F. Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383, Wrocław, Poland
- Polski, Ośrodek Rozwoju Technologii (PORT), ul. Stabłowicka147, 54-066, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Dongho Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Marcin Stępień
- Wydział Chemii, Uniwersytet Wrocławski, ul. F. Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383, Wrocław, Poland
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7
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Clark JA, Kusy D, Vakuliuk O, Krzeszewski M, Kochanowski KJ, Koszarna B, O'Mari O, Jacquemin D, Gryko DT, Vullev VI. The magic of biaryl linkers: the electronic coupling through them defines the propensity for excited-state symmetry breaking in quadrupolar acceptor-donor-acceptor fluorophores. Chem Sci 2023; 14:13537-13550. [PMID: 38033901 PMCID: PMC10685337 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc03812b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Charge transfer (CT) is key for molecular photonics, governing the optical properties of chromophores comprising electron-rich and electron-deficient components. In photoexcited dyes with an acceptor-donor-acceptor or donor-acceptor-donor architecture, CT breaks their quadrupolar symmetry and yields dipolar structures manifesting pronounced solvatochromism. Herein, we explore the effects of electronic coupling through biaryl linkers on the excited-state symmetry breaking of such hybrid dyes composed of an electron-rich core, i.e., 1,4-dihydropyrrolo[3,2-b]pyrrole (DHPP), and pyrene substituents that can act as electron acceptors. Experimental and theoretical studies reveal that strengthening the donor-acceptor electronic coupling decreases the CT rates and the propensity for symmetry breaking. We ascribe this unexpected result to effects of electronic coupling on the CT thermodynamics, which in its turn affects the CT kinetics. In cases of intermediate electronic coupling, the pyrene-DHPP conjugates produce fluorescence spectra, spreading over the whole visible range, that in addition to the broad CT emission, show bands from the radiative deactivation of the locally excited states of the donor and the acceptors. Because the radiative deactivation of the low-lying CT states is distinctly slow, fluorescence from upper locally excited states emerge leading to the observed anti-Kasha behaviour. As a result, these dyes exhibit white fluorescence. In addition to demonstrating the multifaceted nature of the effects of electronic coupling on CT dynamics, these chromophores can act as broad-band light sources with practical importance for imaging and photonics.
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Affiliation(s)
- John A Clark
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California Riverside, 900 University Ave. Riverside CA 92521 USA
| | - Damian Kusy
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences Kasprzaka 44-52 01-224 Warsaw Poland
| | - Olena Vakuliuk
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences Kasprzaka 44-52 01-224 Warsaw Poland
| | - Maciej Krzeszewski
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences Kasprzaka 44-52 01-224 Warsaw Poland
| | - Krzysztof J Kochanowski
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences Kasprzaka 44-52 01-224 Warsaw Poland
| | - Beata Koszarna
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences Kasprzaka 44-52 01-224 Warsaw Poland
| | - Omar O'Mari
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California Riverside, 900 University Ave. Riverside CA 92521 USA
| | - Denis Jacquemin
- Nantes Université, CNRS CEISAM UMR 6230 F-44000 Nantes France
- Institut Universitaire de France (IUF) F-75005 Paris France
| | - Daniel T Gryko
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences Kasprzaka 44-52 01-224 Warsaw Poland
| | - Valentine I Vullev
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California Riverside, 900 University Ave. Riverside CA 92521 USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Riverside CA 92521 USA
- Department of Biochemistry, University of California Riverside CA 92521 USA
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of California Riverside CA 92521 USA
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8
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Bo Y, Hou P, Wan J, Cao H, Liu Y, Xie L, Guldi DM. One-Pot Synthesis and Excited-State Dynamics of Null Exciton-Coupled Diketopyrrolopyrroles Oligo-Grids. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2302664. [PMID: 37289569 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202302664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Exciton coupling in molecular aggregates plays a vital role in impacting and fine-tuning optoelectronic materials and their efficiencies in devices. A versatile platform to decipher aggregation-property relationships is built around multichromophoric architectures. Here, a series of cyclic diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP) oligomers featuring nanoscale gridarene structures and rigid bifluorenyl spacers are designed and synthesized via one-pot Friedel-Crafts reaction. DPP dimer [2]Grid and trimer [3]Grid, which are cyclic rigid nanoarchitectures of rather different sizes, are further characterized via steady-state and time-resolved absorption and fluorescence spectroscopies. They exhibit monomer-like spectroscopic signatures in the steady-state measurements, from which null exciton couplings are derived. Moreover, in an apolar solvent, high fluorescence quantum yields and excited-state dynamics that resembled DPP monomer are gathered. In a polar solvent, the localized singlet excited state on a single DPP dissociates into the adjacent null coupling DPP with charge transfer characteristics. This pathway facilitates the evolution of the symmetry-broken charge-separated state (SB-CS). Notable is the fact that the SB-CS of [2]Grid is, on one hand, in equilibrium with the singlet excited state and promotes, on the other hand, the formation of the triplet excited state with a yield of 32% via charge recombination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Bo
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstr. 3, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Pengfei Hou
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays, Institute of Advanced Materials, Center for Molecular Systems and Organic Devices (CMSOD), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Jun Wan
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays, Institute of Advanced Materials, Center for Molecular Systems and Organic Devices (CMSOD), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Hongtao Cao
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays, Institute of Advanced Materials, Center for Molecular Systems and Organic Devices (CMSOD), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Yuyu Liu
- College of Electrical Engineering, Nanjing Vocational University of Industry Technology, 1 Yangshan North Road, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Linghai Xie
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays, Institute of Advanced Materials, Center for Molecular Systems and Organic Devices (CMSOD), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Dirk M Guldi
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstr. 3, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
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9
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Yang W, Jo SH, Tang Y, Park J, Ji SG, Cho SH, Hong Y, Kim DH, Park J, Yoon E, Zhou H, Woo SJ, Kim H, Yun HJ, Lee YS, Kim JY, Hu B, Lee TW. Overcoming Charge Confinement in Perovskite Nanocrystal Solar Cells. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2304533. [PMID: 37390092 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202304533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2023]
Abstract
The small nanoparticle size and long-chain ligands in colloidal metal halide perovskite quantum dots (PeQDs) cause charge confinement, which impedes exciton dissociation and carrier extraction in PeQD solar cells, so they have low short-circuit current density Jsc , which impedes further increases in their power conversion efficiency (PCE). Here, a re-assembling process (RP) is developed for perovskite nanocrystalline (PeNC) films made of colloidal perovskite nanocrystals to increase Jsc in PeNC solar cells. The RP of PeNC films increases their crystallite size and eliminates long-chain ligands, and thereby overcomes the charge confinement in PeNC films. These changes facilitate exciton dissociation and increase carrier extraction in PeNC solar cells. By use of this method, the gradient-bandgap PeNC solar cells achieve a Jsc = 19.30 mA cm-2 without compromising the photovoltage, and yield a high PCE of 16.46% with negligible hysteresis and good stability. This work provides a new strategy to process PeNC films and pave the way for high performance PeNC optoelectronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenqiang Yang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute of Advanced Materials, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Hyeon Jo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Yipeng Tang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Tennessee, 1001-1099 Estabrook Rd, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA
| | - Jumi Park
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemoon-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Su Geun Ji
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Ho Cho
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Yongseok Hong
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemoon-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Hyeok Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinwoo Park
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Eojin Yoon
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Huanyu Zhou
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Je Woo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeran Kim
- Advanced Nano Research Group, Korea Basic Science Institute (KBSI), 169-148 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34126, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung Joong Yun
- Advanced Nano Research Group, Korea Basic Science Institute (KBSI), 169-148 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34126, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun Seog Lee
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Young Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Bin Hu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Tennessee, 1001-1099 Estabrook Rd, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA
| | - Tae-Woo Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute of Advanced Materials, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
- SN Display Co. Ltd., 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Engineering Research, Soft Foundry, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
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10
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Han MH, Yang HW, Yoon J, Villafani Y, Song JY, Pan CH, Park K, Cho Y, Song JJ, Kim SJ, Park YI, Park J. Color-Tuning Mechanism of the Lit Form of Orange Carotenoid Protein. Mol Cells 2023; 46:513-525. [PMID: 37587751 PMCID: PMC10440265 DOI: 10.14348/molcells.2023.2186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Orange carotenoid protein (OCP) of photosynthetic cyanobacteria binds to ketocarotenoids noncovalently and absorbs excess light to protect the host organism from light-induced oxidative damage. Herein, we found that mutating valine 40 in the α3 helix of Gloeocapsa sp. PCC 7513 (GlOCP1) resulted in blue- or red-shifts of 6-20 nm in the absorption maxima of the lit forms. We analyzed the origins of absorption maxima shifts by integrating X-ray crystallography, homology modeling, molecular dynamics simulations, and hybrid quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics calculations. Our analysis suggested that the single residue mutations alter the polar environment surrounding the bound canthaxanthin, thereby modulating the degree of charge transfer in the photoexcited state of the chromophore. Our integrated investigations reveal the mechanism of color adaptation specific to OCPs and suggest a design principle for color-specific photoswitches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man-Hyuk Han
- Department of Physics, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Korea
- Department of Biological Sciences, KI for the BioCentury, KAIST, Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Hee Wook Yang
- Department of Biological Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea
| | - Jungmin Yoon
- Department of Biological Sciences, KI for the BioCentury, KAIST, Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Yvette Villafani
- Department of Biological Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea
| | - Ji-Young Song
- Department of Biological Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea
| | - Cheol Ho Pan
- Natural Product Informatics Research Center, KIST Gangneung Institute of Natural Products, Gangneung 25451, Korea
| | - Keunwan Park
- Natural Product Informatics Research Center, KIST Gangneung Institute of Natural Products, Gangneung 25451, Korea
| | - Youngmoon Cho
- Department of Physics, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Ji-Joon Song
- Department of Biological Sciences, KI for the BioCentury, KAIST, Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Seung Joong Kim
- Department of Physics, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Korea
- Quantum Intelligence Corp., Seoul 07326, Korea
| | - Youn-Il Park
- Department of Biological Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea
| | - Jiyong Park
- Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34141, Korea
- Department of Chemistry, KAIST, Daejeon 34141, Korea
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11
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Kim T, Feng Y, O'Connor JP, Stoddart JF, Young RM, Wasielewski MR. Coherent Vibronic Wavepackets Show Structure-Directed Charge Flow in Host-Guest Donor-Acceptor Complexes. J Am Chem Soc 2023. [PMID: 37018535 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c13576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/07/2023]
Abstract
Designing and controlling charge transfer (CT) pathways in organic semiconductors are important for solar energy applications. To be useful, a photogenerated, Coulombically bound CT exciton must further separate into free charge carriers; direct observations of the detailed CT relaxation pathways, however, are lacking. Here, photoinduced CT and relaxation dynamics in three host-guest complexes, where a perylene (Per) electron donor guest is incorporated into two symmetric and one asymmetric extended viologen cyclophane acceptor hosts, are presented. The central ring in the extended viologen is either p-phenylene (ExV2+) or electron-rich 2,5-dimethoxy-p-phenylene (ExMeOV2+), resulting in two symmetric cyclophanes with unsubstituted or methoxy-substituted central rings, ExBox4+ and ExMeOBox4+, respectively, and an asymmetric cyclophane with one of the central viologen rings being methoxylated ExMeOVBox4+. Upon photoexcitation, the asymmetric host-guest ExMeOVBox4+ ⊃ Per complex exhibits directional CT toward the energetically unfavorable methoxylated side due to structural restrictions that facilitate strong interactions between the Per donor and the ExMeOV2+ side. The CT state relaxation pathways are probed using ultrafast optical spectroscopy by focusing on coherent vibronic wavepackets, which are used to identify CT relaxations along charge localization and vibronic decoherence coordinates. Specific low- and high-frequency nuclear motions are direct indicators of a delocalized CT state and the degree of CT character. Our results show that the CT pathway can be controlled by subtle chemical modifications of the acceptor host in addition to illustrating how coherent vibronic wavepackets can be used to probe the nature and time evolution of the CT states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taeyeon Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Institute for Sustainability and Energy at Northwestern, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
| | - Yuanning Feng
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
| | - James P O'Connor
- Department of Chemistry and Institute for Sustainability and Energy at Northwestern, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
| | - J Fraser Stoddart
- Stoddart Institute of Molecular Science, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
- ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Hangzhou 311215, China
- School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
| | - Ryan M Young
- Department of Chemistry and Institute for Sustainability and Energy at Northwestern, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
| | - Michael R Wasielewski
- Department of Chemistry and Institute for Sustainability and Energy at Northwestern, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
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12
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Wei Z, Philip AM, Jager WF, Grozema FC. Fast Charge Separation in Distant Donor-Acceptor Dyads Driven by Relaxation of a Hot Excited State. THE JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY. C, NANOMATERIALS AND INTERFACES 2022; 126:19250-19261. [PMID: 36424999 PMCID: PMC9677426 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.2c05754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
A series of three perylenemonoimide-p-oligophenylene-dimethylaniline molecular dyads undergo photoinduced charge separation (CS) with anomalous distance dependence as a function of increasing donor-acceptor (DA) distances. A comprehensive experimental and computational investigation of the photodynamics in the donor-bridge-acceptor (DBA) chromophores reveals a clear demarcation concerning the nature of the CS accessed at shorter (bridgeless) and longer DA distances. At the shortest distance, a strong DA interaction and ground-state charge delocalization populate a hot excited state (ES) with prominent charge transfer (CT) character, via Franck-Condon vertical excitation. The presence of such a CT-polarized hot ES enables a subpicosecond CS in the bridgeless dyad. The incorporation of the p-oligophenylene bridge effectively decouples the donor and the acceptor units in the ground state and consequentially suppresses the CT polarization in the hot ES. Theoretically, this should render a slower CS at longer distances. However, the transient absorption measurement reveals a fast CS process at the longer distance, contrary to the anticipated exponential distance dependence of the CS rates. A closer look into the excited-state dynamics suggests that the hot ES undergoes ultrafast geometry relaxation (τ < 1 ps) to create a relaxed ES. As compared to a decoupled, twisted geometry in the hot ES, the geometry of the relaxed ES exhibits a more planar conformation of the p-oligophenylene bridges. Planarization of the bridge endorses an increased charge delocalization and a prominent CT character in the relaxed ES and forms the origin for the evident fast CS at the longest distance. Thus, the relaxation of the hot ES and the concomitantly enhanced charge delocalization adds a new caveat to the classic nature of distance-dependent CS in artificial DBA chromophores and recommends a cautious treatment of the attenuation factor (β) while discussing anomalous CS trends.
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13
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Liu Z, Liu Z, Wang R, Zhang ZG, Wang J, Zhang C. Intersystem Crossing in Acceptor-Donor-Acceptor Type Organic Photovoltaic Molecules Promoted by Symmetry Breaking in Polar Environments. J Phys Chem Lett 2022; 13:10305-10311. [PMID: 36305820 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c03020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The intramolecular electron push-pulling effect has been widely applied to manipulate the excited states in organic photovoltaic (OPV) molecules toward efficient photocurrent generation in working devices with bias fields. However, the effect of field induced polar environments on the excited-state dynamics remains largely unexplored. Here, we investigate the polar environment effect on excited dynamics in acceptor-donor-acceptor type OPV molecules dissolved in solvents with different polarities. By combining ultrafast transient absorption spectroscopy and quantum chemical computation, we observe the stabilization of excited states induced by symmetry breaking in the polar solvent in the molecules exhibiting strong electron push-pulling effects. The stabilized excited states undergo faster intersystem crossing processes with reduced singlet-triplet energy gaps. The findings suggest that the dynamics of charge generation and recombination may be controlled by manipulating the polar environment and electron push-pulling effect to improve the device performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziran Liu
- Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Fine Chemicals, Ministry of Education & Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi830046, China
| | - Zhixing Liu
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Physics, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing210093, China
| | - Rui Wang
- College of Physics, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, and Key Laboratory of Aerospace Information Materials and Physics (NUAA), MIIT, Nanjing211106, China
| | - Zhi-Guo Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing100029, China
| | - Jide Wang
- Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Fine Chemicals, Ministry of Education & Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi830046, China
| | - Chunfeng Zhang
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Physics, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing210093, China
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14
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Polak DW, do Casal MT, Toldo JM, Hu X, Amoruso G, Pomeranc O, Heeney M, Barbatti M, Ashfold MNR, Oliver TAA. Probing the electronic structure and photophysics of thiophene-diketopyrrolopyrrole derivatives in solution. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:20138-20151. [PMID: 35993400 PMCID: PMC9429679 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp03238d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Diketopyrrolopyrroles are a popular class of electron-withdrawing unit in optoelectronic materials. When combined with electron donating side-chain functional groups such as thiophenes, they form a very broad class of donor-acceptor molecules: thiophene-diketopyrrolopyrroles (TDPPs). Despite their widescale use in biosensors and photovoltaic materials, studies have yet to establish the important link between the electronic structure of the specific TDPP and the critical optical properties. To bridge this gap, ultrafast transient absorption with 22 fs time resolution has been used to explore the photophysics of three prototypical TDPP molecules: a monomer, dimer and polymer in solution. Interpretation of experimental data was assisted by a recent high-level theoretical study, and additional density functional theory calculations. These studies show that the photophysics of these molecular prototypes under visible photoexcitation are determined by just two excited electronic states, having very different electronic characters (one is optically bright, the other dark), their relative energetic ordering and the timescales for internal conversion from one to the other and/or to the ground state. The underlying difference in electronic structure alters the branching between these excited states and their associated dynamics. In turn, these factors dictate the fluorescence quantum yields, which are shown to vary by ∼1-2 orders of magnitude across the TDPP prototypes investigated here. The fast non-radiative transfer of molecules from the bright to dark states is mediated by conical intersections. Remarkably, wavepacket signals in the measured transient absorption data carry signatures of the nuclear motions that enable mixing of the electronic-nuclear wavefunction and facilitate non-adiabatic coupling between the bright and dark states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel W Polak
- School of Chemistry, Cantock's Close, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TS, UK.
| | | | | | - Xiantao Hu
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Processable Electronics, Imperial College London, White City Campus, London, W12 0BZ, UK
| | - Giordano Amoruso
- School of Chemistry, Cantock's Close, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TS, UK.
| | - Olivia Pomeranc
- School of Chemistry, Cantock's Close, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TS, UK.
| | - Martin Heeney
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Processable Electronics, Imperial College London, White City Campus, London, W12 0BZ, UK
| | - Mario Barbatti
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, ICR, Marseille, France
- Institut Universitaire de France, 75231, Paris, France
| | - Michael N R Ashfold
- School of Chemistry, Cantock's Close, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TS, UK.
| | - Thomas A A Oliver
- School of Chemistry, Cantock's Close, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TS, UK.
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15
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Wang Z, Gou X, Shi Q, Liu K, Chang X, Wang G, Xu W, Lin S, Liu T, Fang Y. Through‐Space Charge Transfer: A New Way to Develop a High‐Performance Fluorescence Sensing Film towards Opto‐Electronically Inert Alkanes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202207619. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202207619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhaolong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry of Ministry of Education School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Shaanxi Normal University Xi'an 710119 P. R. China
| | - Xinyu Gou
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry of Ministry of Education School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Shaanxi Normal University Xi'an 710119 P. R. China
| | - Qiyuan Shi
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry of Ministry of Education School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Shaanxi Normal University Xi'an 710119 P. R. China
| | - Ke Liu
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry of Ministry of Education School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Shaanxi Normal University Xi'an 710119 P. R. China
| | - Xingmao Chang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry of Ministry of Education School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Shaanxi Normal University Xi'an 710119 P. R. China
| | - Gang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry of Ministry of Education School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Shaanxi Normal University Xi'an 710119 P. R. China
| | - Wenjun Xu
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry of Ministry of Education School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Shaanxi Normal University Xi'an 710119 P. R. China
| | - Simin Lin
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry of Ministry of Education School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Shaanxi Normal University Xi'an 710119 P. R. China
| | - Taihong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry of Ministry of Education School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Shaanxi Normal University Xi'an 710119 P. R. China
| | - Yu Fang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry of Ministry of Education School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Shaanxi Normal University Xi'an 710119 P. R. China
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16
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Maurya YK, Chmielewski PJ, Cybińska J, Prajapati B, Lis T, Kang S, Lee S, Kim D, Stępień M. Naphthalimide-Fused Dipyrrins: Tunable Halochromic Switches and Photothermal NIR-II Dyes. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2105886. [PMID: 35174648 PMCID: PMC9259717 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202105886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
A family of tunable halochromic switches is developed using a naphthalimide-fused dipyrrin as the core π-conjugated motif. Electronic properties of these dipyrrins are tuned by substitution of their alpha and meso positions with aryl groups of variable donor-acceptor strength. The first protonation results in a conformational change that enhances electronic coupling between the dipyrrin chromophore and the meso substituent, leading to halochromic effects that occasionally exceed 200 nm and switch the absorption between the near-infrared (NIR)-I and NIR-II ranges. A NIR-II photothermal effect, switchable by acid-base chemistry is demonstrated for selected dipyrrins. Further protonation is possible for derivatives bearing additional amino groups, leading to up to four halochromic switching step. The most electron-rich dipyrrins are also susceptible to chemical oxidation, yielding NIR-absorbing radical cations and closed-shell dications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yogesh Kumar Maurya
- Wydział ChemiiUniwersytet Wrocławskiul. F. Joliot‐Curie 14Wrocław50‐383Poland
| | | | - Joanna Cybińska
- Wydział ChemiiUniwersytet Wrocławskiul. F. Joliot‐Curie 14Wrocław50‐383Poland
- PORT – Polski Ośrodek Rozwoju Technologiiul. Stabłowicka 147Wrocław54‐066Poland
| | - Bibek Prajapati
- Wydział ChemiiUniwersytet Wrocławskiul. F. Joliot‐Curie 14Wrocław50‐383Poland
| | - Tadeusz Lis
- Wydział ChemiiUniwersytet Wrocławskiul. F. Joliot‐Curie 14Wrocław50‐383Poland
| | - Seongsoo Kang
- Department of Chemistry and Spectroscopy Laboratory for Functional π‐Electronic SystemsYonsei UniversitySeoul03722Korea
| | - Seokwon Lee
- PORT – Polski Ośrodek Rozwoju Technologiiul. Stabłowicka 147Wrocław54‐066Poland
| | - Dongho Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Spectroscopy Laboratory for Functional π‐Electronic SystemsYonsei UniversitySeoul03722Korea
| | - Marcin Stępień
- Wydział ChemiiUniwersytet Wrocławskiul. F. Joliot‐Curie 14Wrocław50‐383Poland
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17
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Wang Z, Gou X, Shi Q, Liu K, Chang X, Wang G, Xu W, Lin S, Liu T, Fang Y. Through‐Space Charge Transfer: A New Way to Develop High‐Performance Fluorescence Sensing Film towards Opto‐Electronically Inert Alkanes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202207619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhaolong Wang
- Shaanxi Normal University School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering CHINA
| | - Xinyu Gou
- Shaanxi Normal University Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry of Ministry of Education CHINA
| | - Qiyuan Shi
- Shaanxi Normal University School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering CHINA
| | - Ke Liu
- Shaanxi Normal University School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering CHINA
| | - Xingmao Chang
- Shaanxi Normal University School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering CHINA
| | - Gang Wang
- Shaanxi Normal University School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering CHINA
| | - Wenjun Xu
- Shaanxi Normal University School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering CHINA
| | - Simin Lin
- Shaanxi Normal University School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering CHINA
| | - Taihong Liu
- Shaanxi Normal University School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering CHINA
| | - Yu Fang
- Shaanxi Normal University School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering 199 South Chang'an Road 710119 Xi'an CHINA
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18
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Niu X, Tajima K, Kong J, Tao M, Fukui N, Kuang Z, Shinokubo H, Xia A. Symmetry-breaking charge separation in a nitrogen-bridged naphthalene monoimide dimer. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:14007-14015. [PMID: 35635531 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp00295g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The photophysical properties of 4-aminonaphthalene-1,8-imide-based derivatives, bis-ANI, consisting of two naphthalimide (NI) units linked by a butylamine bridge and its monomer ANI have been intensively investigated by steady-state and transient spectroscopy combined with quantum chemical calculations. The excited state relaxation dynamics of the two molecules are studied in three solvents of varying polarity - from hexane to tetrahydrofuran to acetone. A strong reduction in the fluorescence quantum yields and larger red shifts of the emission spectra are observed when going from the monomer ANI to dimer bis-ANI with increasing solvent polarity. It is found that the presence of the central amino linker in bis-ANI facilitates the formation of an asymmetric CS state between the ANI and NI moieties in bis-ANI, where NI˙- is the dominant radical anion unit after CS, evidenced by the femtosecond transient absorption measurements and spectroelectrochemistry in polar solvents. Femtosecond transient absorption spectra and quantum chemical calculations reveal the conformational change after the formation of the symmetry-breaking charge separation (SBCS) state upon photoexcitation, while a near-orthogonal structure in the excited state of bis-ANI retards charge recombination. In addition, it is evidenced that the rate of SBCS can be tuned by changing the different polar solvents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinmiao Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Information Photonic and Optical Communications, School of Science, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications (BUPT), Beijing 100176, P. R. China. .,Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Keita Tajima
- Department of Molecular and Macromolecular Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8603, Japan.
| | - Jie Kong
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Min Tao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Norihito Fukui
- Department of Molecular and Macromolecular Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8603, Japan.
| | - Zhuoran Kuang
- State Key Laboratory of Information Photonic and Optical Communications, School of Science, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications (BUPT), Beijing 100176, P. R. China.
| | - Hiroshi Shinokubo
- Department of Molecular and Macromolecular Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8603, Japan.
| | - Andong Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Information Photonic and Optical Communications, School of Science, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications (BUPT), Beijing 100176, P. R. China. .,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
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19
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Kong J, Zhang W, Zhang X, Liu B, Li Y, Xia A. Conformation-related excited-state charge transfer/separation of donor-π-acceptor chromophores. J Chem Phys 2022; 156:174902. [PMID: 35525673 DOI: 10.1063/5.0092880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the excited-state charge transfer/separation (CT/CS) of donor-π-acceptor chromophores can provide guidance for designing and synthesizing advanced dyes to improve the performance of dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) in practical applications. Herein, two newly synthesized electronic push-pull molecules, CS-14 and CS-15, that consist of carbazole donor and benzothiadiazole acceptor segments are chosen to explore the ultrafast dynamics of intramolecular CT/CS processes. The theoretical calculation results depict an excited-state intramolecular CT character for both dyes, while the dihedral angle between donor and acceptor of CS-14 is larger than that of CS-15, suggesting a more significant CT character of CS-14. Furthermore, compared to CS-14, the bond rotation of CS-15 between donor and π-bridge is restricted by employing the hexatomic ring, indicating the stronger molecular planarization of CS-15. Ultrafast spectroscopy clearly shows a solvent polarity-dependent excited-state species evolution from CT to CS-the CT character is observed in low-polar toluene solvent, while the feature of the CS state in polar tetrahydrofuran and acetone solvents is captured, which successfully proved a solvent polarity modulated excited-state CT/CS characters. We also found that though the generation of the CS state within CS-14 is slightly faster than that of CS-15, the charge recombination process of CS-15 with excellent planar conformation is much slower, providing enough time for a higher charge migration efficiency in DSSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Kong
- School of Science, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications (BUPT), Beijing 100876, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Zhang
- School of Science, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications (BUPT), Beijing 100876, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaomin Zhang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecules, College of Chemistry and Material Science, Hebei Normal University, No. 20, East Road of Nan Er Huan, Shijiazhuang 050024, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Liu
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecules, College of Chemistry and Material Science, Hebei Normal University, No. 20, East Road of Nan Er Huan, Shijiazhuang 050024, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Li
- School of Science, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications (BUPT), Beijing 100876, People's Republic of China
| | - Andong Xia
- School of Science, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications (BUPT), Beijing 100876, People's Republic of China
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20
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Hou L, Jing X, Huang H, Duan C. Merging Charge Transfer into Metal-Organic Frameworks to Achieve High Reduction Potentials via Multiphoton Excitation. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:15307-15316. [PMID: 35344330 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c01595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Utilization of multiphotons to achieve high reduction potentials is a highly demanding but still challenging task for reductive cleavage of inert bonds. Herein, we report a new charge transfer approach that simultaneously excites the electron-rich dye and the radical anionic of the electron-deficient one for photocatalytic activation of aryl chlorides with high reduction potentials (Ered ≈ -1.9 to -2.9 V). Interactions between the tetraphenylbenzene-1,4,-diamine dyes in the large pores of metal-organic frameworks and the adsorbed 9,10-dicyanoanthracene partly endows charge transfer in the ground state. The first photoexcitation led to the formation charge separation pairs containing both radical cation and anion for second photon excitation. The possibility of modifying each absorption band of the two dyes independently innovated the resultant aryl radicals applied in various useful transformations, expanding multiphoton manifolds on both the dye scopes and reaction versions. A comparison of the catalytic performance between different structural patterns of metal-organic frameworks with the same ligand demonstrated that the incorporating of the organic dyes within the pores of the frameworks was essential to form charge-transfer species and accelerate the interesting chemical conversion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leixin Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Zhang Dayu College of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, P.R. China
| | - Xu Jing
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Zhang Dayu College of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, P.R. China
| | - Huilin Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Zhang Dayu College of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, P.R. China
| | - Chunying Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Zhang Dayu College of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, P.R. China
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21
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Kamioka M, Wang Y, Mori S, Furuta H, Shimizu S. Highly Fluorescent σ‐Bonded Platinum(II) Diketopyrrolopyrrole Complex. Eur J Inorg Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.202200081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Misaki Kamioka
- Kyushu University: Kyushu Daigaku Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Engineeing Fukuoka JAPAN
| | - Yitong Wang
- Kyushu University: Kyushu Daigaku Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Engineering Fukuoka JAPAN
| | - Shigeki Mori
- Ehime Daigaku Advanced Research Support Center (ADRES) Matsuyama JAPAN
| | - Hiroyuki Furuta
- Kyushu University: Kyushu Daigaku Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Engineering Fukuoka JAPAN
| | - Soji Shimizu
- Kyushu University Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Engineering 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku 819-0395 Fukuoka JAPAN
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22
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Hong Y, Kim W, Kim T, Kaufmann C, Kim H, Würthner F, Kim D. Real-time Observation of Structural Dynamics Triggering Excimer Formation in a Perylene Bisimide Folda-dimer by Ultrafast Time-Domain Raman Spectroscopy. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202114474. [PMID: 35075813 PMCID: PMC9306572 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202114474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
In π-conjugated organic photovoltaic materials, an excimer state has been generally regarded as a trap state which hinders efficient excitation energy transport. But despite wide investigations of the excimer for overcoming the undesirable energy loss, the understanding of the relationship between the structure of the excimer in stacked organic compounds and its properties remains elusive. Here, we present the landscape of structural dynamics from the excimer formation to its relaxation in a co-facially stacked archetypical perylene bisimide folda-dimer using ultrafast time-domain Raman spectroscopy. We directly captured vibrational snapshots illustrating the ultrafast structural evolution triggering the excimer formation along the interchromophore coordinate on the complex excited-state potential surfaces and following evolution into a relaxed excimer state. Not only does this work showcase the ultrafast structural dynamics necessary for the excimer formation and control of excimer characteristics but also provides important criteria for designing the π-conjugated organic molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongseok Hong
- Department of ChemistrySpectroscopy Laboratory for Functional π-Electronic SystemsYonsei University03722SeoulRepublic of Korea
| | - Woojae Kim
- Department of ChemistrySpectroscopy Laboratory for Functional π-Electronic SystemsYonsei University03722SeoulRepublic of Korea
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical BiologyCornell UniversityIthaca14853New YorkUSA
| | - Taeyeon Kim
- Department of ChemistrySpectroscopy Laboratory for Functional π-Electronic SystemsYonsei University03722SeoulRepublic of Korea
- The Institute for Sustainability and Energy at NorthwesternNorthwestern UniversityEvanston60208IllinoisUSA
| | - Christina Kaufmann
- Institut für Organische Chemie & Center for Nanosystems ChemistryUniversitat WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
| | - Hyungjun Kim
- Department of ChemistryIncheon National University119 Academy-ro, Yeonsu-gu22012IncheonRepublic of Korea
| | - Frank Würthner
- Institut für Organische Chemie & Center for Nanosystems ChemistryUniversitat WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
| | - Dongho Kim
- Department of ChemistrySpectroscopy Laboratory for Functional π-Electronic SystemsYonsei University03722SeoulRepublic of Korea
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23
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Hong Y, Kim W, Kim T, Kaufmann C, Kim H, Würthner F, Kim D. Real‐time Observation of Structural Dynamics Triggering Excimer Formation in a Perylene Bisimide Folda‐dimer by Ultrafast Time‐Domain Raman Spectroscopy. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202114474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yongseok Hong
- Department of Chemistry Spectroscopy Laboratory for Functional π-Electronic Systems Yonsei University 03722 Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Woojae Kim
- Department of Chemistry Spectroscopy Laboratory for Functional π-Electronic Systems Yonsei University 03722 Seoul Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology Cornell University Ithaca 14853 New York USA
| | - Taeyeon Kim
- Department of Chemistry Spectroscopy Laboratory for Functional π-Electronic Systems Yonsei University 03722 Seoul Republic of Korea
- The Institute for Sustainability and Energy at Northwestern Northwestern University Evanston 60208 Illinois USA
| | - Christina Kaufmann
- Institut für Organische Chemie & Center for Nanosystems Chemistry Universitat Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Hyungjun Kim
- Department of Chemistry Incheon National University 119 Academy-ro, Yeonsu-gu 22012 Incheon Republic of Korea
| | - Frank Würthner
- Institut für Organische Chemie & Center for Nanosystems Chemistry Universitat Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Dongho Kim
- Department of Chemistry Spectroscopy Laboratory for Functional π-Electronic Systems Yonsei University 03722 Seoul Republic of Korea
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24
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Kong J, Zhang W, Shao JY, Huo D, Niu X, Wan Y, Song D, Zhong YW, Xia A. Bridge-Length- and Solvent-Dependent Charge Separation and Recombination Processes in Donor-Bridge-Acceptor Molecules. J Phys Chem B 2021; 125:13279-13290. [PMID: 34814686 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.1c08308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The photoinduced intramolecular charge separation (CS) and charge recombination (CR) phenomena in a series of donor-bridge-acceptor (D-B-A) molecules are intensively investigated as a means of understanding electron transport through the π-B. Pyrene (Pyr) and triarylamine (TAA) moieties connected via phenylene Bs of various lengths are studied because their CS and CR behaviors can be readily monitored in real time by femtosecond transient absorption (fs-TA) spectroscopy. By combining the steady-state and fs-TA spectroscopic measurements in a variety of solvents together with chemical calculations, the parameters that govern the CS behaviors of these dyads were obtained, such as the solvent effects on free energy and the B-length-dependent electronic coupling (VDA) between D and A. We observed the sharp switch of the CS behavior with the increase of the solvent polarity and B-linker lengths. Furthermore, in the case of the shortest distance between D and A when the electron coupling is sufficiently large, we observed that the CS phenomenon occurs even in low-polar solvents. Upon increasing the length of B, CS occurs only in strong polar solvents. The distance-dependent decay constant of the CS rate is determined as ∼0.53 Å-1, indicating that CS is governed by superexchange tunneling interactions. The CS rate constants are also approximately estimated using Marcus electron transfer theory, and the results imply that the VDA value is the key factor dominating the CS rate, while the facile rotation of the phenylene B is important for modulating the lifetime of the charge-separated state in these D-B-A dyads. These results shed light on the practical strategy for obtaining a high CS efficiency with a long-lived CS state in TAA-B-Pyr derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Kong
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiang-Yang Shao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
| | - Dayujia Huo
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, P. R. China
| | - Xinmiao Niu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Wan
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, P. R. China
| | - Di Song
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China.,School of Science, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications (BUPT), Beijing 100876, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu-Wu Zhong
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Andong Xia
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China.,School of Science, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications (BUPT), Beijing 100876, People's Republic of China
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25
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Liang R, Xiong W, Lo KC, Ho PY, Bai X, Lai W, Chan WK, Du L, Phillips DL. Revealing the Photophysical Dynamics of Selected Rigid Donor-Acceptor Systems: From Ligands to Ruthenium(II) Complexes. J Phys Chem Lett 2021; 12:10927-10935. [PMID: 34734732 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.1c03122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Newly designed push-pull ligands (L1 and L2) with bithiophene (bth) as a donor and phenazine (phz) or quinoxalino[2,3-b]quinoxaline (qxq) as acceptors were synthesized and also incorporated with a bipyridyl Ru(II) complex to give Ru1 and Ru2, respectively. The ultrafast photophysical dynamics of the ligand and their respective Ru(II) complexes were well-characterized using time-resolved spectroscopies and quantum chemical calculations. Photoinduced charger transfer (CT) and intersystem crossing (ISC) processes were directly observed for L1 and L2. In addition, the interplay of three different triplet excited states was directly observed in the related Ru(II) complexes. The lowest-lying triplet excited states of the ligands and their respective Ru(II) complexes were both attributed to the CT transitions from donor (bth) to acceptor (phz or qxq) and result in 3ICT (intramolecular charge transfer) and 3ILCT (intraligand charge transfer) excited states, respectively. The lifetimes of the lowest-lying triplet excited states of L1, L2, Ru1, and Ru2 were measured to be 21.3, 50.4, 2.75, and 4.16 μs, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Runhui Liang
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Wenjuan Xiong
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kin Cheung Lo
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Po Yuen Ho
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xueqin Bai
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Wenquan Lai
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Wai Kin Chan
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Lili Du
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - David Lee Phillips
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory of Optoelectronic and Magnetic Functional Materials, Hong Kong, China
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26
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Kang S, Kim T, Hong Y, Würthner F, Kim D. Charge-Delocalized State and Coherent Vibrational Dynamics in Rigid PBI H-Aggregates. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:9825-9833. [PMID: 34165972 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c03276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Herein, the ultrafast photoinduced dynamics and vibrational coherences for two perylenebisimide (PBI) H-aggregates showcase the formation of the excimer state and the delocalized radical anion state in the excited state, respectively. Using femtosecond transient absorption (fs-TA) and time-resolved impulsive stimulated Raman scattering (TR-ISRS) measurements, we unveiled excited-state dynamics of PBI H-aggregates in two aspects: (1) the intermolecular interactions between PBI units in H-aggregates induce the formation of new excited states, excimer and delocalized radical anion states, and (2) the intermolecular out-of-plane along the aggregate axis and the PBI core C═C stretch Raman modes can be a crucial indicator to understand the coherent exciton dynamics in H-aggregates. Notably, those excited-state Raman modes showed stationary peak positions during the excited-state dynamics. TR-ISRS analysis provides insights into the excited-state vibrational coherences concerning the formation of the excimer and charge-delocalized state in each aggregate system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seongsoo Kang
- Spectroscopy Laboratory for Functional π-Electronic Systems and Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, South Korea
| | - Taeyeon Kim
- Spectroscopy Laboratory for Functional π-Electronic Systems and Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, South Korea
| | - Yongseok Hong
- Spectroscopy Laboratory for Functional π-Electronic Systems and Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, South Korea
| | - Frank Würthner
- Institut for Organische Chemie and Center for Nanosystems Chemistry, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Dongho Kim
- Spectroscopy Laboratory for Functional π-Electronic Systems and Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, South Korea
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27
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Kuramochi H, Tahara T. Tracking Ultrafast Structural Dynamics by Time-Domain Raman Spectroscopy. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:9699-9717. [PMID: 34096295 PMCID: PMC9344463 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c02545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
![]()
In traditional Raman spectroscopy,
narrow-band light is irradiated
on a sample, and its inelastic scattering, i.e., Raman scattering,
is detected. The energy difference between the Raman scattering and
the incident light corresponds to the vibrational energy of the molecule,
providing the Raman spectrum that contains rich information about
the molecular-level properties of the materials. On the other hand,
by using ultrashort optical pulses, it is possible to induce Raman-active
coherent nuclear motion of the molecule and to observe the molecular
vibration in real time. Moreover, this time-domain Raman measurement
can be combined with femtosecond photoexcitation, triggering chemical
changes, which enables tracking ultrafast structural dynamics in a
form of “time-resolved” time-domain Raman spectroscopy,
also known as time-resolved impulsive stimulated Raman spectroscopy.
With the advent of stable, ultrashort laser pulse sources, time-resolved
impulsive stimulated Raman spectroscopy now realizes high sensitivity
and a wide detection frequency window from THz to 3000 cm–1, and has seen success in unveiling the molecular mechanisms underlying
the efficient functions of complex molecular systems. In this Perspective,
we overview the present status of time-domain Raman spectroscopy,
particularly focusing on its application to the study of femtosecond
structural dynamics. We first explain the principle and a brief history
of time-domain Raman spectroscopy and then describe the apparatus
and recent applications to the femtosecond dynamics of complex molecular
systems, including proteins, molecular assemblies, and functional
materials. We also discuss future directions for time-domain Raman
spectroscopy, which has reached a status allowing a wide range of
applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hikaru Kuramochi
- Molecular Spectroscopy Laboratory, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako 351-0198, Japan
- Ultrafast Spectroscopy Research Team, RIKEN Center for Advanced Photonics (RAP), 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako 351-0198, Japan
- Research Center of Integrative Molecular Systems (CIMoS), Institute for Molecular Science, 38 Nishigo-Naka, Myodaiji, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
- JST, PRESTO, 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi 332-0012, Japan
| | - Tahei Tahara
- Molecular Spectroscopy Laboratory, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako 351-0198, Japan
- Ultrafast Spectroscopy Research Team, RIKEN Center for Advanced Photonics (RAP), 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako 351-0198, Japan
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28
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Tyagi A, Nigam S, Sudarsan V, Majumder C, Vatsa RK, Tyagi AK. Why Do Relative Intensities of Charge Transfer and Intra-4f Transitions of Eu 3+ Ion Invert in Yttrium Germanate Hosts? Unravelling the Underlying Intricacies from Experimental and Theoretical Investigations. Inorg Chem 2020; 59:12659-12671. [PMID: 32845617 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c01757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The dominant intensity of parity-forbidden intra-4f transitions of europium(III) over O → Eu charge-transfer band (CTB) intensity is against common perceptions, yet this trend is observed in many germanate hosts and has not been rationalized so far. In search of a plausible explanation for this unusual trend, present work reports an experimental and theoretical investigations in conjunction on two sibling germanate host, namely, Y2GeO5 and Y2Ge2O7 having dopant Eu3+ in their respective YO7 polyhedra. Whereas for Y2GeO5:Eu3+, the CTB is more intense than the intra-4f transitions in the excitation spectrum, in the case of Y2Ge2O7:Eu3+, the relative intensities of CTB and intra-4f transitions are reversed. Comparative structural analysis reveals that Eu3+ present in YO7 of Y2GeO5 has a greater number of tetra-coordinated oxygen (Otetra) and yttrium atom as first and second neighbors, respectively (Eu3+-Otetra-Y3+ linkages). Conversely, in Y2Ge2O7 host, the Eu3+ ion mostly has tricoordinated oxygen (Otri) as its nearest neighbor and germanium ions next to Otri (Eu3+-Otri-Ge4+ linkage). Theoretical calculations reveal that while Y2GeO5:Eu has Otetra(4Y) dominating at the Fermi level and the 4f state of Eu3+ remains inert toward mixing, in Y2Ge2O7:Eu, the Fermi level has major contribution from Otri(2Y + 1Ge) with significant mixing with 4f states of Eu. The dominant control of Eu3+-Otri-Ge4+ linkages in geometrical and electronic structure of Y2Ge2O7:Eu owing to the GeO4 surrounding has been attributed to relative poor intensity of O → Eu CTB. Siege of Eu3+ by GeO4 and subsequent occurrence of Eu3+-Otri-Ge4+ linkages play a dual role: First, it induces electronic rigidity to hinder excitation of electron at bridging (Otri) oxygen by highly charged small Ge4+ cation; second, the covalent character in Eu-O bond is achieved by intermixing of Eu's 4f and Otri 2p orbital which facilitates relaxing of the parity-selection rule thus enhancing the probability of intra-4f transitions. The inferences drawn remain valid when extrapolated to other inorganic oxides having EuOx polyhedra surrounded by covalent units like PO4, SiO4, etc. and have a prevailing number of low-coordinated oxygen atoms and highly charged small cation in the first and second coordination shells, respectively. The optical basicity concept is also found to endorse our explanation. These remarkable generic inferences will pave the rational way for designing efficient phosphors for solid-state lighting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adish Tyagi
- Chemistry Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Center, Mumbai 400 085 India.,Homi Bhabha National Institute (HBNI), Mumbai 400 094, India
| | - Sandeep Nigam
- Chemistry Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Center, Mumbai 400 085 India.,Homi Bhabha National Institute (HBNI), Mumbai 400 094, India
| | - V Sudarsan
- Chemistry Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Center, Mumbai 400 085 India.,Homi Bhabha National Institute (HBNI), Mumbai 400 094, India
| | - C Majumder
- Chemistry Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Center, Mumbai 400 085 India.,Homi Bhabha National Institute (HBNI), Mumbai 400 094, India
| | - R K Vatsa
- Chemistry Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Center, Mumbai 400 085 India.,Homi Bhabha National Institute (HBNI), Mumbai 400 094, India
| | - A K Tyagi
- Chemistry Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Center, Mumbai 400 085 India.,Homi Bhabha National Institute (HBNI), Mumbai 400 094, India
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29
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Kim W, Kim T, Kang S, Hong Y, Würthner F, Kim D. Tracking Structural Evolution during Symmetry‐Breaking Charge Separation in Quadrupolar Perylene Bisimide with Time‐Resolved Impulsive Stimulated Raman Spectroscopy. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202002733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Woojae Kim
- Department of Chemistry Spectroscopy Laboratory for Functional π-Electronic Systems Yonsei University 03722 Seoul Korea
| | - Taeyeon Kim
- Department of Chemistry Spectroscopy Laboratory for Functional π-Electronic Systems Yonsei University 03722 Seoul Korea
| | - Seongsoo Kang
- Department of Chemistry Spectroscopy Laboratory for Functional π-Electronic Systems Yonsei University 03722 Seoul Korea
| | - Yongseok Hong
- Department of Chemistry Spectroscopy Laboratory for Functional π-Electronic Systems Yonsei University 03722 Seoul Korea
| | - Frank Würthner
- Institut für Organische Chemie & Center for, Nanosystems Chemistry Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Dongho Kim
- Department of Chemistry Spectroscopy Laboratory for Functional π-Electronic Systems Yonsei University 03722 Seoul Korea
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30
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Kim W, Kim T, Kang S, Hong Y, Würthner F, Kim D. Tracking Structural Evolution during Symmetry‐Breaking Charge Separation in Quadrupolar Perylene Bisimide with Time‐Resolved Impulsive Stimulated Raman Spectroscopy. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:8571-8578. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202002733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Woojae Kim
- Department of Chemistry Spectroscopy Laboratory for Functional π-Electronic Systems Yonsei University 03722 Seoul Korea
| | - Taeyeon Kim
- Department of Chemistry Spectroscopy Laboratory for Functional π-Electronic Systems Yonsei University 03722 Seoul Korea
| | - Seongsoo Kang
- Department of Chemistry Spectroscopy Laboratory for Functional π-Electronic Systems Yonsei University 03722 Seoul Korea
| | - Yongseok Hong
- Department of Chemistry Spectroscopy Laboratory for Functional π-Electronic Systems Yonsei University 03722 Seoul Korea
| | - Frank Würthner
- Institut für Organische Chemie & Center for, Nanosystems Chemistry Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Dongho Kim
- Department of Chemistry Spectroscopy Laboratory for Functional π-Electronic Systems Yonsei University 03722 Seoul Korea
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31
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Pieczykolan M, Sadowski B, Gryko DT. An Efficient Method for the Programmed Synthesis of Multifunctional Diketopyrrolopyrroles. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201915953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michał Pieczykolan
- Institute of Organic ChemistryPolish Academy of Sciences Kasprzaka 44/52 01-224 Warsaw Poland
| | - Bartłomiej Sadowski
- Institute of Organic ChemistryPolish Academy of Sciences Kasprzaka 44/52 01-224 Warsaw Poland
| | - Daniel T. Gryko
- Institute of Organic ChemistryPolish Academy of Sciences Kasprzaka 44/52 01-224 Warsaw Poland
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32
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Pieczykolan M, Sadowski B, Gryko DT. An Efficient Method for the Programmed Synthesis of Multifunctional Diketopyrrolopyrroles. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:7528-7535. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201915953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michał Pieczykolan
- Institute of Organic ChemistryPolish Academy of Sciences Kasprzaka 44/52 01-224 Warsaw Poland
| | - Bartłomiej Sadowski
- Institute of Organic ChemistryPolish Academy of Sciences Kasprzaka 44/52 01-224 Warsaw Poland
| | - Daniel T. Gryko
- Institute of Organic ChemistryPolish Academy of Sciences Kasprzaka 44/52 01-224 Warsaw Poland
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