1
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Xia D, Li T, Ke XY, Wang J, Luan X, Ni SF, Zhang Y, Zhang WD. Acetone Serving as a Solvent and Interaction Partner Promotes the Direct Olefination of N-Tosylhydrazones under Visible Light. J Org Chem 2024; 89:6180-6192. [PMID: 38632865 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.4c00184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
The photochemistry of noncovalent interactions to promote organic transformations is an emerging approach to providing fresh opportunities in synthetic chemistry. Generally, the external substance is necessary to add as an interaction partner, thereby sacrificing the atom economy of the reaction. Herein, we describe a catalyst-free and noncovalent interaction-mediated strategy to access the olefination of N-tosylhydrazones using acetone as a solvent and an interaction partner. This protocol also features broad substrate scope, excellent functional group compatibility, and mild reaction conditions without transition metals. Moreover, the gram-scale synthesis of olefins and the generation of pharmaceutical intermediates highlighted its practical applicability. Lastly, mechanistic studies indicate that the reaction was initiated via noncovalent interactions between acetone and N-tosylhydrazone anion, which is also supported by density functional theory calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dingding Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Antiviral Drugs, Pingyuan Laboratory, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China
| | - Tong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Antiviral Drugs, Pingyuan Laboratory, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China
| | - Xin-Yan Ke
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory for Preparation and Application of Ordered Structural Materials of Guangdong Province, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China
| | - Jinxin Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Xin Luan
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center for Chinese Medicine Chemical Biology, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 1200, Cailun Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Shao-Fei Ni
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory for Preparation and Application of Ordered Structural Materials of Guangdong Province, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center for Chinese Medicine Chemical Biology, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 1200, Cailun Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Wei-Dong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Antiviral Drugs, Pingyuan Laboratory, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
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2
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Bonney JR, Prentice BM. Structural Elucidation and Relative Quantification of Fatty Acid Double Bond Positional Isomers in Biological Tissues Enabled by Gas-Phase Charge Inversion Ion/Ion Reactions. ANALYSIS & SENSING 2024; 4:e202300063. [PMID: 38827423 PMCID: PMC11139046 DOI: 10.1002/anse.202300063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2024]
Abstract
Fatty acids (FAs) contain a vast amount of structural diversity, and differences in fatty acid structure have been associated with various disease states. Accurate identification and characterization of fatty acids is critical to fully understand the biochemical roles these compounds play in disease progression. Conventional tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) workflows do not provide sufficient structural information, necessitating alternative dissociation methods. Gas-phase charge inversion ion/ion reactions can be used to alter the ion type subjected to activation to provide improved or complementary structural information. Herein, we have used an ion/ion reaction between fatty acid (FA) anions and magnesium tris-phenanthroline [Mg(Phen)3] dications to promote charge remote fragmentation of carbon-carbon bonds along the fatty acid chain, allowing for localization of carbon-carbon double bond (C=C) positions to successfully differentiate monounsaturated fatty acid isomers. Relative quantification was also performed to obtain the relative abundance of fatty acid isomers in different biological tissues. For example, the relative abundance of FA 18:1 (9) was determined to vary across regions of rat brain, rat kidney, and mouse pancreas, and FA 16:1 (9) was found to have a higher relative abundance in the dermis layer compared to the sebaceous glands in human skin tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia R Bonney
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611
| | - Boone M Prentice
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611
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3
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Li H, Xiong Q, Wu H, Zhang Y, Zhuang K, Zhao Y, Zhang H, Yi L. Mass filtering combined with photochemical derivatization enables high throughput mass spectrometric analysis of unsaturated phosphatidylcholine isomers. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2024; 16:371-377. [PMID: 37965845 DOI: 10.1039/d3ay01829f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2023]
Abstract
Phosphatidylcholines (PCs) are closely related to coronary heart disease, such as myocardial infarction. The analysis of the deep structure of PCs is of great significance for exploring the effects of exercise rehabilitation and lipid metabolism. Here, we present a mass filtering combined with photochemical derivatization method for rapid screening and accurate identification of the CC position and sn-location isomer of PCs. This method is simple to execute and easily implementable for routine analysis. The accurate qualitative and quantitative analysis of PCs and isomers facilitates the discovery of biomarkers for exercise rehabilitation of patients with myocardial infarction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huimin Li
- Faculty of Food Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China.
| | - Qian Xiong
- Faculty of Food Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China.
| | - Hao Wu
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China
- Department of Cardiology, First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650000, China.
| | - Yunmei Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650000, China.
| | - Ke Zhuang
- Department of Cardiology, First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650000, China.
| | - Yan Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650000, China.
- College of Medicine, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650000, China.
- College of Medicine, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Lunzhao Yi
- Faculty of Food Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China.
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China
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4
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Paul S, Filippini D, Ficarra F, Melnychenko H, Janot C, Silvi M. Oxetane Synthesis via Alcohol C-H Functionalization. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:15688-15694. [PMID: 37462721 PMCID: PMC10375527 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c04891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/27/2023]
Abstract
Oxetanes are strained heterocycles with unique properties that have triggered significant advances in medicinal chemistry. However, their synthesis still presents significant challenges that limit the use of this class of compounds in practical applications. In this Letter, we present a methodology that introduces a new synthetic disconnection to access oxetanes from native alcohol substrates. The generality of the approach is demonstrated by the application in late-stage functionalization chemistry, which is further exploited to develop a single-step synthesis of a known bioactive synthetic steroid derivative that previously required at least four synthetic steps from available precursors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhasis Paul
- The GSK Carbon Neutral Laboratories for Sustainable Chemistry, University of Nottingham, Jubilee Campus, Nottingham NG7 2TU, United Kingdom
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - Dario Filippini
- The GSK Carbon Neutral Laboratories for Sustainable Chemistry, University of Nottingham, Jubilee Campus, Nottingham NG7 2TU, United Kingdom
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - Filippo Ficarra
- The GSK Carbon Neutral Laboratories for Sustainable Chemistry, University of Nottingham, Jubilee Campus, Nottingham NG7 2TU, United Kingdom
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - Heorhii Melnychenko
- The GSK Carbon Neutral Laboratories for Sustainable Chemistry, University of Nottingham, Jubilee Campus, Nottingham NG7 2TU, United Kingdom
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher Janot
- Chemical Development, Pharmaceutical Technology and Development, Operations, AstraZeneca, Macclesfield, SK10 2NA, United Kingdom
| | - Mattia Silvi
- The GSK Carbon Neutral Laboratories for Sustainable Chemistry, University of Nottingham, Jubilee Campus, Nottingham NG7 2TU, United Kingdom
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
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5
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Mateos J, Rigodanza F, Costa P, Natali M, Vega-Peñaloza A, Fresch E, Collini E, Bonchio M, Sartorel A, Dell'Amico L. Unveiling the impact of the light-source and steric factors on [2+2] heterocycloaddition reactions. NATURE SYNTHESIS 2023; 962:26-36. [PMID: 37325160 PMCID: PMC7614650 DOI: 10.1038/s44160-022-00191-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 07/13/2023]
Abstract
Information gained from in-depth mechanistic investigations can be used to control the selectivity of reactions, leading to the expansion of the generality of synthetic processes and the discovery of new reactivity. Here, we investigate the mechanism of light-driven [2+2] heterocycloadditions (Paternò-Büchi reactions) between indoles and ketones to develop insight into these processes. Using ground-state UV-Vis absorption and transient absorption spectroscopy (TAS), together with DFT calculations, we found that the reactions can proceed via an exciplex or electron-donor-acceptor (EDA) complex, which are key intermediates in determining the stereoselectivity of the reactions. We used this discovery to control the diastereoselectivity of the reactions, gaining access to previously inaccessible diastereoisomeric variants. When moving from 370 to 456 nm irradiation, the EDA complex is increasingly favoured, and the diastereomeric ratio (d.r.) of the product moves from >99:<1 to 47:53. In contrast, switching from methyl to ipropyl substitution favours the exciplex intermediate, reversing the d.r. from 89:11 to 16:84. Our study shows how light and steric parameters can be rationally used to control the diastereoselectivity of photoreactions, creating mechanistic pathways to previously inaccessible stereochemical variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Mateos
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Francesco Rigodanza
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Paolo Costa
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Mirco Natali
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, University of Ferrara, Via Luigi Borsari 46, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Alberto Vega-Peñaloza
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Elisa Fresch
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Collini
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Marcella Bonchio
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Andrea Sartorel
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Luca Dell'Amico
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
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6
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Shi H, Tan Z, Guo X, Ren H, Wang S, Xia Y. Visible-Light Paternò-Büchi Reaction for Lipidomic Profiling at Detailed Structure Levels. Anal Chem 2023; 95:5117-5125. [PMID: 36898165 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c00085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2023]
Abstract
The Paternò-Büchi (PB) derivatization of carbon-carbon double bond (C═C) has been increasingly employed with tandem mass spectrometry to analyze unsaturated lipids. It enables the discovery of altered or uncanonical lipid desaturation metabolism, which would be otherwise undetected by conventional methods. Although highly useful, the reported PB reactions only provide moderate yield (∼30%). Herein, we aim to determine the key factors that affect the PB reactions and develop a system with improved capabilities for lipidomic analysis. An Ir(III) photocatalyst is chosen as the triplet energy donor for the PB reagent under 405 nm light irradiation, while phenylglyoxalate and its charge-tagging version, pyridylglyoxalate, are developed as the most efficient PB reagents. The above visible-light PB reaction system provides higher PB conversions than all previously reported PB reactions. Around 90% conversion can be achieved at high concentrations (>0.5 mM) for different classes of lipids but drops as the lipid concentration decreases. The visible-light PB reaction has then been integrated with shotgun and liquid chromatography-based workflows. The limits of detection for locating C═C in standard lipids of glycerophospholipids (GPLs) and triacylglycerides (TGs) are in the sub-nM to nM range. More than 600 distinct GPLs and TGs have been profiled at the C═C location level or the sn-position level from the total lipid extract of bovine liver, demonstrating that the developed method is capable of large-scale lipidomic analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hengxue Shi
- Department of Chemistry, MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 10084, China
| | - Zhenshu Tan
- Department of Chemistry, MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 10084, China
| | - Xiangyu Guo
- Department of Precision Instrument, Tsinghua University, Beijing 10084, China
| | - Hanlin Ren
- Department of Chemistry, MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 10084, China
| | - Shengzhuo Wang
- Department of Chemistry, MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 10084, China
| | - Yu Xia
- Department of Chemistry, MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 10084, China
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7
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Franceschi P, Cuadros S, Goti G, Dell'Amico L. Mechanisms and Synthetic Strategies in Visible Light-Driven [2+2]-Heterocycloadditions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202217210. [PMID: 36576751 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202217210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of four membered heterocycles usually requires multi-step procedures and prefunctionalized reactants. A straightforward alternative is the photochemical [2+2]-heterocycloaddition between an alkene and a carbonyl derivative, conventionally based on the photoexcitation of this latter. However, this approach is limited by the absorption profile of the carbonyl, requiring in most of the cases the use of high-energy UV-light, that often results in undesired side reactions and/or the degradation of the reaction components. The development of new and milder visible light-driven [2+2]-heterocycloadditions is, therefore, highly desirable. In this Review, we highlight the most relevant achievements in the development of [2+2]-heterocycloadditions promoted by visible light, with a particular emphasis on the involved reaction mechanisms. The open challenges will also be discussed, suggesting new possible evolutions, and stimulating new methodological developments in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pietro Franceschi
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, via Marzolo 1, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Sara Cuadros
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, via Marzolo 1, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Giulio Goti
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, via Marzolo 1, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Luca Dell'Amico
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, via Marzolo 1, 35131, Padova, Italy
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8
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Jiao B, Zhou W, Liu Y, Zhang W, Ouyang Z. In-situ sampling of lipids in tissues using a porous membrane microprobe for direct mass spectrometry analysis. Mater Today Bio 2022; 16:100424. [PMID: 36157050 PMCID: PMC9490171 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2022.100424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Direct sampling of lipids from tissues for direct mass spectrometry (MS) analysis allows a quick profiling of lipidome, which is important for biomedical applications. In this work, we developed a polyporous polymeric membrane (PPM) microprobe for highly efficient sampling of lipids directly from tissue samples. The PPM was prepared by polypropylene with pores as large of 10 μm, facilitating the permeation of lipids from tissue surfaces. The PPM was coated onto a stainless steel wire with a thickness of ∼100 μm. The entire analysis procedure includes sampling of the lipids in tissue, washing the probe, and extraction spray ionization for MS analysis. The effectiveness was validated by analyzing mouse brain tissue samples. It showed high recoveries for a series of lipid classes in comparison with total lipid extraction method. Further demonstration was carried out with analysis of tissue samples from mouse liver, stomach, kidney and legs. With high physical strength and good chemical stability, the microprobe was also demonstrated for sampling lipids inside mouse kidney tissue samples. By incorporating a photochemical derivatization, a workflow was also developed for fast detection of lipid C
Created by potrace 1.16, written by Peter Selinger 2001-2019
]]>C isomers in tissue samples. Finally, a microprobe array was also developed for simultaneous sampling of lipids from multiple sites on tissue surfaces.
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9
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Qiu ZW, Long L, Zhu ZQ, Liu HF, Pan HP, Ma AJ, Peng JB, Wang YH, Gao H, Zhang XZ. Asymmetric Three-Component Reaction to Assemble the Acyclic All-Carbon Quaternary Stereocenter via Visible Light and Phosphoric Acid Catalysis. ACS Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c03879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zong-Wang Qiu
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, Guangdong, China
| | - Liang Long
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine & Natural Products, College of Pharmacy/Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research/International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Chinese Ministry of Education of China (MOE), Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Zhi-Qiang Zhu
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, Guangdong, China
| | - Hong-Fu Liu
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, Guangdong, China
| | - Han-Peng Pan
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, Guangdong, China
| | - Ai-Jun Ma
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, Guangdong, China
| | - Jin-Bao Peng
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, Guangdong, China
| | - Yong-Heng Wang
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine & Natural Products, College of Pharmacy/Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research/International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Chinese Ministry of Education of China (MOE), Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Hao Gao
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine & Natural Products, College of Pharmacy/Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research/International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Chinese Ministry of Education of China (MOE), Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Xiang-Zhi Zhang
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, Guangdong, China
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10
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Feng G, Gao M, Wang L, Chen J, Hou M, Wan Q, Lin Y, Xu G, Qi X, Chen S. Dual-resolving of positional and geometric isomers of C=C bonds via bifunctional photocycloaddition-photoisomerization reaction system. Nat Commun 2022; 13:2652. [PMID: 35550511 PMCID: PMC9098869 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-30249-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The biological functions of lipids largely depend on their chemical structures. The position and configuration of C=C bonds are two of the essential attributes that determine the structures of unsaturated lipids. However, simultaneous identification of both attributes remains challenging. Here, we develop a bifunctional visible-light-activated photocycloaddition-photoisomerization reaction system, which enables the dual-resolving of the positional and geometric isomerism of C=C bonds in lipids when combines with liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. The dual-pathway reaction mechanism is demonstrated by experiments and density functional theory calculations. Based on this bifunctional reaction system, a workflow of deep structural lipidomics is established, and allows the revealing of unique patterns of cis-trans-isomers in bacteria, as well as the tracking of C=C positional isomers changes in mouse brain ischemia. This study not only offers a powerful tool for deep lipid structural biology, but also provides a paradigm for developing the multifunctional visible-light-induced reaction. The simultaneous identification of position and configuration of double bonds in unsaturated lipids is challenging. Here, the authors develop a workflow for deep structural lipidomics to address this issue using a bifunctional reaction system combined with liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, revealing double bond patterns in bacteria and in mouse brain ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guifang Feng
- The Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430072, China
| | - Ming Gao
- The Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430072, China
| | - Liwei Wang
- The Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430072, China
| | - Jiayi Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430022, China
| | - Menglu Hou
- The Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430072, China
| | - Qiongqiong Wan
- The Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430072, China
| | - Yun Lin
- Department of Anesthesiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430022, China
| | - Guoyong Xu
- The Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430072, China
| | - Xiaotian Qi
- Engineering Research Center of Organosilicon Compounds & Materials, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430072, China
| | - Suming Chen
- The Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430072, China.
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11
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A novel on-tissue cycloaddition reagent for mass spectrometry imaging of lipid C=C position isomers in biological tissues. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2021.08.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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12
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Li HF, Zhao J, Cao W, Zhang W, Xia Y, Ouyang Z. Site-Specific Photochemical Reaction for Improved C=C Location Analysis of Unsaturated Lipids by Ultraviolet Photodissociation. RESEARCH (WASHINGTON, D.C.) 2022; 2022:9783602. [PMID: 35252873 PMCID: PMC8859641 DOI: 10.34133/2022/9783602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Unraveling the complexity of the lipidome requires the development of novel approaches to facilitate structural identification and characterization of lipid species with isomer-level discrimination. Ultraviolet photodissociation tandem mass spectrometry (UVPD MS/MS) is a promising tool for structure determination of lipids. The sensitivity of UVPD for lipid analysis however is limited mainly due to weak absorption of UV photons by a C=C. Herein, a C=C site-specific derivatization, the Paternò-Büchi (PB) reaction, was used to incorporate a chromophore to the C=C moiety in fatty acyls, leading to significantly improved UVPD efficiency and sensitivity for pinpointing C=C locations. The wavelength-dependent photodissociation of the PB products demonstrated 4-CF3-benzophenone as the best reagent for UVPD in terms of the efficiency of generating C=C diagnostic fragments and simplicity for C=C location assignments. We demonstrated the effectiveness of this approach for the shotgun profiling of C=C location isomers in different lipid classes from complex lipid extracts, highlighting its potential to advancing the identification of the C=C bond locations in unsaturated lipids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Fang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments, Department of Precision Instrument, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jing Zhao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Wenbo Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments, Department of Precision Instrument, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Wenpeng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments, Department of Precision Instrument, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yu Xia
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Zheng Ouyang
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments, Department of Precision Instrument, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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13
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Han Y, Chen P, Li Z, Wang X, Sun C. Multi-wavelength visible-light induced [2+2] cycloaddition for identification of lipid isomers in biological samples. J Chromatogr A 2021; 1662:462742. [PMID: 34923306 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2021.462742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Ultraviolet (UV) light-catalyzed Paternò-Büchi (PB) reaction has been developed as an efficient lipid C=C double bond (DB) derivatization strategy, which can accurately assign the position of C=C bond in unsaturated lipids when coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS). Inspired by this, here we proposed a novel visible-light induced [2+2] cycloaddition reaction combined with ESI-MS/MS and MALDI-MS/MS to identify lipid C=C position isomers. Benz[g]isoquinoline-5,10-dione (BIQD) and 6,9-difluorobenzo[g]isoquinoline-5,10-dione (DF-BIQD) were developed as a new type of [2+2] cycloaddition reagent, which can not only react with C=C bond under 254 nm UV light irradiation, but also quickly combine with lipid C=C bond under the irradiation of 405 nm visible-light and > 400 nm compact fluorescent lamp visible-light. High cycloaddition reaction conversion efficiency can be achieved by irradiating under compact fluorescent lamp light for 2 min. Moreover, we discovered that 437 nm, 489 nm, 545 nm, 581 nm, and 613 nm monochromatic light appearing in compact fluorescent lamp can individually induce the [2 + 2] cycloaddition reaction between DF-BIQD and unsaturated lipids. Using this method, we found that the expressions of lipid DB-positional isomers in rat heart, brain, lung, spleen, thymus, kidney, liver and plasma vary greatly. The relative content of FA-18:1 (Δ9) in rat heart is only 1.49 times that of FA-18:1 (Δ11), while the relative content of FA-18:1 (Δ9) in rat plasma is 5.20 times that of FA-18:1 (Δ11). The above results offer new insight into the development of photocatalytic reagent for visible-light induced [2+2] cycloaddition and structural lipidomic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhao Han
- Key Laboratory for Applied Technology of Sophisticated Analytical Instruments of Shandong Province, Shandong Analysis and Test Center, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250014, China
| | - Panpan Chen
- Key Laboratory for Applied Technology of Sophisticated Analytical Instruments of Shandong Province, Shandong Analysis and Test Center, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250014, China; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250014, China
| | - Zhichao Li
- Second Clinical Medical College, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
| | - Xiao Wang
- Key Laboratory for Applied Technology of Sophisticated Analytical Instruments of Shandong Province, Shandong Analysis and Test Center, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250014, China; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250014, China
| | - Chenglong Sun
- Key Laboratory for Applied Technology of Sophisticated Analytical Instruments of Shandong Province, Shandong Analysis and Test Center, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250014, China; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250014, China.
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Ma X, Zhang W, Li Z, Xia Y, Ouyang Z. Enabling High Structural Specificity to Lipidomics by Coupling Photochemical Derivatization with Tandem Mass Spectrometry. Acc Chem Res 2021; 54:3873-3882. [PMID: 34570464 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.1c00419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Lipids have pivotal roles in many biological processes, including energy storage, signal transduction, and plasma membrane formation. A disruption of lipid homeostasis is found to be associated with a range of diseases, such as cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, and cancer. Fundamental lipid biology and disease diagnostics can benefit from monitoring lipid changes in cells, tissues, organs, or the whole biological system. Therefore, it is important to develop lipid analysis tools to achieve comprehensive lipid characterization and quantitation. Over the past two decades, mass spectrometry (MS) has become the method of choice for qualitative and quantitative analyses of lipids, owing to its high sensitivity, multiplexed analysis, and soft ionization features. With the rapid development and adoption of ultrahigh-resolution MS, isobaric lipids can now be routinely resolved. By contrast, the structural characterization and quantitation of isomeric lipids remain an analytical challenge. Although some lipid C═C location or sn-isomers can be resolved by chromatography, ion mobility, or selective ionization approaches, a detailed structural characterization on the lipidome-wide level needs to be achieved.Over the past six years, we have successfully combined the Paternò-Büchi (PB) reaction, which is a UV-promoted photocycloaddition reaction specific to the C═C, with tandem MS (MS/MS) to locate the C═C in lipids and quantify lipid C═C location isomers. The PB reactions have analytical advantages such as a simple experimental setup, rapid lipid C═C derivatization, and highly specific C═C cleavage during PB-MS/MS to produce abundant diagnostic ions. More importantly, without a need of isomer separation or a comparison to authentic standards, PB-MS/MS can be directly applied to identify and quantify a mixture of lipid C═C location isomers, often coexisting with molar ratios sensitive to the biological state of the system. The PB-MS/MS method is compatible with conventional shotgun lipidomics employing a nanoelectrospray ionization or a large-sale lipid structural analysis via liquid chromatography (LC) coupled to any mass spectrometer with tandem MS capability. The PB-MS/MS method is highly versatile, as a variety of PB reagents can be tailored to a broad range of applications. Besides UV-promoted PB reactions, visible-light PB reactions have also been developed to offer more flexibility for a lipid analysis. By using selected PB reagents, the sn-positions of fatty acyls can be resolved together with C═C locations in phospholipids. This method has been used in lipidomic analyses of tissue, blood, and plasma from animal models and clinical samples, demonstrating the potential of using lipid C═C or sn-location isomer ratios for phenotyping and disease diagnostics. Lipid isomer-resolving MS imagings of tissues and single-cell lipid analysis have also been demonstrated by a proper implementation of PB-MS/MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxiao Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments, Department of Precision Instrument, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Wenpeng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments, Department of Precision Instrument, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Zishuai Li
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments, Department of Precision Instrument, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yu Xia
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Zheng Ouyang
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments, Department of Precision Instrument, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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15
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Malarney KP, Kc S, Schmidt VA. Recent strategies used in the synthesis of saturated four-membered heterocycles. Org Biomol Chem 2021; 19:8425-8441. [PMID: 34546272 DOI: 10.1039/d1ob00988e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The importance and prevalance of O-, N-, and S-atom containing saturated four-membered ring motifs in biologically active molecules and potential therapeutics continues to drive efforts in their efficient synthetic preparation. In this review, general and recent strategies for the synthesis of these heterocycles are presented. Due to the limited potential bond disconnections, retrosynthetic strategies are broadly limited to cyclizations and cycloadditions. Nonetheless, diverse approaches for accessing cyclization precursors have been developed, ranging from nucleophilic substitution to C-H functionalization. Innovative methods for substrate activation have been developed for cycloadditions under photochemical and thermal conditions. Advances in accessing oxetanes, azetidines, and thietanes remain active areas of research with continued breakthroughs anticipated to enable future applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kien P Malarney
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92071, USA.
| | - Shekhar Kc
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92071, USA.
| | - Valerie A Schmidt
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92071, USA.
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16
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Li Y, Chen J, Meng L, He L, Liu H, Xiong C, Nie Z. Pocket-Size "MasSpec Pointer" for Ambient Ionization Mass Spectrometry. Anal Chem 2021; 93:13326-13333. [PMID: 34569226 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c03087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Current ambient ionization sources for mass spectrometry (MS) are typically connected to gas cylinders, high-voltage supply, injection pump, and other accessory equipment, which hinder the popularization of MS in the field of on-site detection. Here, we developed a wireless pocket-size "MasSpec Pointer" (weights 65 g) based on arc discharge powered by a 3.7 V polymer Li battery for ambient ionization MS. A high voltage of 5600 V and 20 kHz was generated from the boost coil to penetrate air and form a plasma. The relative standard deviation (RSD) of the high-voltage pulses is 3.8%, leading to a stable discharge and a good quantification performance. A mini diaphragm pump was used to cool the plasma from ∼600 to ∼40 °C and to blow the plasma into a jet, which facilitates sampling. MasSpec Pointer can work well at both positive- and negative-ion modes without any modification and can quickly test gaseous, liquid, or solid samples. The limit of detection of this device for atrazine (an agrochemical) is lower than 0.1 ng/mL. MasSpec Pointer has shown its ability to pinpoint the double-bond location of fatty acid isomers without derivatization reagents or light illumination. Agrochemicals from the surface of an apple and daily chemicals from the surface of a finger were detected successfully using MasSpec Pointer coupled with a miniature mass spectrometer. We believe the "point-and-shoot" device coupled with mini-MS brings the hope for an age of detecting chemicals on-site by nonprofessionals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuze Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Junyu Chen
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Lingwei Meng
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Liuying He
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Huihui Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Caiqiao Xiong
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Zongxiu Nie
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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17
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Li YL, Zhou BW, Cheng J, Zhang F, Zhang J, Zhang L, Guo YL. Mass Spectrometry-Based Discovery of New Chemical Scaffold Rearrangement Ions: Aza-biphenylene as a Novel Potent Biradical Agent in Cancer Chemotherapy. Anal Chem 2020; 92:14517-14527. [PMID: 33054169 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c02669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Discovery of a new drug is time-consuming, laborious, and expensive. Herein, a novel integrative strategy for discovering potential new lead compounds has been developed, which was based on the characteristics of mass spectrometry (MS). MS was used to predict the potential forced degradation products (DPs) and metabolites of drugs by electrospray ionization and collision-induced dissociation (CID). Special rearrangement ions representing unique predicted DPs and metabolites were identified. The consistency between the predicted and the measured results was proven by in vitro metabolism and forced degradation of a commercial drug, respectively. From this, new chemical scaffold rearrangement ions named (aza)-biphenylenes, as potent anticancer agents, were discovered. As a representative aza-biphenylene analogue, 2-azabiphenylene was proven in vitro to induce apoptosis and inhibit the growth of various human cancer cells in a dose-dependent manner. Surprisingly, 2-azabiphenylene exhibited the best comparable bioactivity with the positive control sorafenib, but showed significantly lower in vitro cytotoxicity than sorafenib (at least a 5-fold decrease in cytotoxicity) because it could be targeted to the tumor microenvironment at low pH. A biradical mechanism accompanied by a mitochondrion-dependent oxidative stress mechanism was proposed to explore its anticancer mechanism. The highly reactive intermediate aza-biphenylenediyl worked as an active pharmaceutical ingredient and induced apoptosis of cancer cells. This provided the basis for the potential applications of CID-induced special rearrangement ions in developing new lead compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Ling Li
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry and National Center for Organic Mass Spectrometry in Shanghai, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Bo-Wen Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry and National Center for Organic Mass Spectrometry in Shanghai, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jie Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry and National Center for Organic Mass Spectrometry in Shanghai, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Fang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry and National Center for Organic Mass Spectrometry in Shanghai, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry and National Center for Organic Mass Spectrometry in Shanghai, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Li Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry and National Center for Organic Mass Spectrometry in Shanghai, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yin-Long Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry and National Center for Organic Mass Spectrometry in Shanghai, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
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18
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Li S, Huang T, Du P, Liu W, Hu J. Photocatalytic transformation fate and toxicity of ciprofloxacin related to dissociation species: Experimental and theoretical evidences. WATER RESEARCH 2020; 185:116286. [PMID: 32818732 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2020.116286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Chemical speciation of ionizable antibiotics greatly affects its photochemical kinetics and mechanisms; however, the mechanistic impact of chemical speciation is not well understood. For the first time, the impact of different dissociation species (cationic, zwitterionic and anionic forms) of ciprofloxacin (CIP) on its photocatalytic transformation fate was systematically studied in a UVA/LED/TiO2 system. The dissociation forms of CIP at different pH affected the photocatalytic degradation kinetics, transformation products (TPs) formation as well as degradation pathways. Zwitterionic form of CIP exhibited the highest degradation rate constant (0.2217 ± 0.0179 min-1), removal efficiency of total organic carbon (TOC) and release of fluoride ion (F-). Time-dependent evolution profiles on TPs revealed that the cationic and anionic forms of CIP mainly underwent piperazine ring dealkylation, while zwitterionic CIP primarily proceeded through defluorination and piperazine ring oxidation. Moreover, density functional theory (DFT) calculation based on Fukui index well interpreted the active sites of different CIP species. Potential energy surface (PES) analysis further elucidated the reaction transition state (TS) evolution and energy barrier (ΔEb) for CIP with different dissociation species after radical attack. This study provides deep insights into degradation mechanisms of emerging organic contaminants in advanced oxidation processes associated to their chemical speciation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, National University of Singapore, 1 Engineering Drive 2, Singapore 117576, Singapore
| | - Taobo Huang
- College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, The Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Penghui Du
- College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, The Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Wen Liu
- College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, The Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100871, China; The Beijing Innovation Center for Engineering Science and Advanced Technology (BIC-ESAT), Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China.
| | - Jiangyong Hu
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, National University of Singapore, 1 Engineering Drive 2, Singapore 117576, Singapore.
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19
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Wäldchen F, Mohr F, Wagner AH, Heiles S. Multifunctional Reactive MALDI Matrix Enabling High-Lateral Resolution Dual Polarity MS Imaging and Lipid C═C Position-Resolved MS 2 Imaging. Anal Chem 2020; 92:14130-14138. [PMID: 32924439 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c03150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Local lipid variations in tissues are readily revealed with mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) methods, and the resulting lipid distributions serve as bioanalytical signatures to reveal cell- or tissue-specific lipids. Comprehensive MSI lipid mapping requires measurements in both ion polarities. Additionally, structural lipid characterization is necessary to link the lipid structure to lipid function. Whereas some structural elements of lipids are readily derived from high-resolution mass spectrometry (MS) and tandem-MS (MSn), the localization of C═C double bonds (DBs) requires specialized fragmentation and/or functionalization methods. In this work, we identify a multifunctional matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) matrix for spatially resolved lipidomics investigations that reacts with lipids in Paternò-Büchi (PB) reactions during laser irradiation facilitating DB-position assignment and allows dual-polarity high-resolution MALDI-MSI and MALDI MS2I studies. By screening 12 compounds for improved ionization efficiency in positive-/negative-ion mode and the functionalization yield compared to the previously introduced reactive MALDI matrix benzophenone, 2-benzoylpyridine (BzPy) is identified as the best candidate. The new matrix enables DB localization of authentic standards belonging to 12 lipid classes and helps to assign 133/58 lipid features in positive-/negative-ion mode from mouse cerebellum tissue. The analytical capabilities of BzPy as a multifunctional MALDI-MSI matrix are demonstrated by imaging endogenous and PB-functionalized lipids in mouse kidney sections with 7 μm lateral resolution in both ion modes. Tracking diagnostic lipid DB-position fragment ions in mouse pancreatic tissue with down to 10 μm pixel size allows us to identify the islets of Langerhans associated with lipid isomer upregulation and depletion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Wäldchen
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Analytical Chemistry, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Heinrich Buff Ring 17, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Franziska Mohr
- Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 326, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Andreas H Wagner
- Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 326, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sven Heiles
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Analytical Chemistry, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Heinrich Buff Ring 17, 35392 Giessen, Germany
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20
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Rykaczewski KA, Schindler CS. Visible-Light-Enabled Paternò-Büchi Reaction via Triplet Energy Transfer for the Synthesis of Oxetanes. Org Lett 2020; 22:6516-6519. [PMID: 32806149 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c02316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
One of the most efficient ways to synthesize oxetanes is the light-enabled [2 + 2] cycloaddition reaction of carbonyls and alkenes, referred to as the Paternò-Büchi reaction. The reaction conditions for this transformation typically require the use of high energy UV light to excite the carbonyl, limiting the applications, safety, and scalability. We herein report the development of a visible-light-mediated Paternò-Büchi reaction protocol that relies on triplet energy transfer from an iridium-based photocatalyst to the carbonyl substrates. This mode of activation is demonstrated for a variety of aryl glyoxylates and negates the need for both visible-light-absorbing carbonyl starting materials and UV light to enable access to a variety of functionalized oxetanes in up to 99% yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie A Rykaczewski
- Department of Chemistry, Willard Henry Dow Laboratory, University of Michigan, 930 North University Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Corinna S Schindler
- Department of Chemistry, Willard Henry Dow Laboratory, University of Michigan, 930 North University Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
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21
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Feng G, Hao Y, Wu L, Chen S. A visible-light activated [2 + 2] cycloaddition reaction enables pinpointing carbon-carbon double bonds in lipids. Chem Sci 2020; 11:7244-7251. [PMID: 34123010 PMCID: PMC8159383 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc01149e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The precise location of C[double bond, length as m-dash]C bonds in bioactive molecules is critical for a deep understanding of the relationship between their structures and biological roles. However, the traditional ultraviolet light-based approaches exhibited great limitations. Here, we discovered a new type of visible-light activated [2 + 2] cycloaddition of carbonyl with C[double bond, length as m-dash]C bonds. We found that carbonyl in anthraquinone showed great reactivities towards C[double bond, length as m-dash]C bonds in lipids to form oxetanes under the irradiation of visible-light. Combined with tandem mass spectrometry, this site-specific dissociation of oxetane enabled precisely locating the C[double bond, length as m-dash]C bonds in various kinds of monounsaturated and polyunsaturated lipids. The proof-of-concept applicability of this new type of [2 + 2] photocycloaddition was validated in the global identification of unsaturated lipids in a complex human serum sample. 86 monounsaturated and polyunsaturated lipids were identified with definitive positions of C[double bond, length as m-dash]C bonds, including phospholipids and fatty acids even with up to 6 C[double bond, length as m-dash]C bonds. This study provides new insights into both the photocycloaddition reactions and the structural lipidomics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guifang Feng
- Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University Wuhan Hubei 430072 China
| | - Yanhong Hao
- Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University Wuhan Hubei 430072 China
| | - Liang Wu
- Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University Wuhan Hubei 430072 China
| | - Suming Chen
- Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University Wuhan Hubei 430072 China
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