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Zhang Y, Zhang L, Xia S, Hou Y, Wu T, Zhou P. Site-specific glycoproteomic analysis of purified lactoferrin from human and animal milk. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 254:127766. [PMID: 38287599 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.127766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2024]
Abstract
Lactoferrin is a highly glycosylated protein, which have important biological functions in the growth and development of neonates. However, the glycoforms and glycosylation sites differed between species. The aim of the study was to identify the glycosylation profile (including glycosites, glycan structures, and glycoforms) of purified lactoferrin from human and animal (cow, goat, sheep) milk by using site-specific glycoproteomics technique. In total, a number of 89 N-glycans were identified in human and animal milk lactoferrin. We identified three N-glycosites with 23 different compositions of N-glycans in cow lactoferrin (CLF), four distinctive N-glycosites with 34 dissimilar N-glycan compositions in goat lactoferrin (GLF), five N-glycosites with 57 different N-glycan compositions in sheep lactoferrin (SLF), while five unique N-glycosites with 50 different N-glycan compositions were ascertained in human lactoferrin (HLF). HLF had the most complex glycan, while animal lactoferrin had the most high-mannose glycoforms. The results of this study further our understanding of lactoferrin differences between human and animal milk, which can provide a perspective on the analysis of differences in functional characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiqian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science & Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province 214122, China
| | - Lina Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science & Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province 214122, China; School of Food Science & Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province 214122, China.
| | - Siquan Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science & Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province 214122, China
| | - Yanmei Hou
- Ausnutria Hyproca Nutrition Co. Ltd., Changsha, Hunan Province 410011, China
| | - Tong Wu
- Ausnutria Hyproca Nutrition Co. Ltd., Changsha, Hunan Province 410011, China
| | - Peng Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science & Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province 214122, China; School of Food Science & Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province 214122, China
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Zhang L, Yao L, Zhao F, Yu A, Zhou Y, Wen Q, Wang J, Zheng T, Chen P. Protein and Peptide-Based Nanotechnology for Enhancing Stability, Bioactivity, and Delivery of Anthocyanins. Adv Healthc Mater 2023; 12:e2300473. [PMID: 37537383 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202300473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
Anthocyanin, a unique natural polyphenol, is abundant in plants and widely utilized in biomedicine, cosmetics, and the food industry due to its excellent antioxidant, anticancer, antiaging, antimicrobial, and anti-inflammatory properties. However, the degradation of anthocyanin in an extreme environment, such as alkali pH, high temperatures, and metal ions, limits its physiochemical stabilities and bioavailabilities. Encapsulation and combining anthocyanin with biomaterials could efficiently stabilize anthocyanin for protection. Promisingly, natural or artificially designed proteins and peptides with favorable stabilities, excellent biocapacity, and wide sources are potential candidates to stabilize anthocyanin. This review focuses on recent progress, strategies, and perspectives on protein and peptide for anthocyanin functionalization and delivery, i.e., formulation technologies, physicochemical stability enhancement, cellular uptake, bioavailabilities, and biological activities development. Interestingly, due to the simplicity and diversity of peptide structure, the interaction mechanisms between peptide and anthocyanin could be illustrated. This work sheds light on the mechanism of protein/peptide-anthocyanin nanoparticle construction and expands on potential applications of anthocyanin in nutrition and biomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhang
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, N2L3G1, Canada
| | - Liang Yao
- College of Biotechnology, Sericultural Research Institute, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212018, China
| | - Feng Zhao
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, N2L3G1, Canada
| | - Alice Yu
- Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, Ontario, N6A 3K7, Canada
| | - Yueru Zhou
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, N2L3G1, Canada
| | - Qingmei Wen
- Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Jun Wang
- College of Biotechnology, Sericultural Research Institute, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212018, China
| | - Tao Zheng
- Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Pu Chen
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, N2L3G1, Canada
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Superti F. Lactoferrin from Bovine Milk: A Protective Companion for Life. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12092562. [PMID: 32847014 PMCID: PMC7551115 DOI: 10.3390/nu12092562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Lactoferrin (Lf), an iron-binding multifunctional glycoprotein belonging to the transferrin family, is present in most biological secretions and reaches particularly high concentrations in colostrum and breast milk. A key function of lactoferrin is non-immune defence and it is considered to be a mediator linking innate and adaptive immune responses. Lf from bovine milk (bLf), the main Lf used in human medicine because of its easy availability, has been designated by the United States Food and Drug Administration as a food additive that is generally recognized as safe (GRAS). Among the numerous protective activities exercised by this nutraceutical protein, the most important ones demonstrated after its oral administration are: Antianemic, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, immunomodulatory, antioxidant and anticancer activities. All these activities underline the significance in host defence of bLf, which represents an ideal nutraceutical product both for its economic production and for its tolerance after ingestion. The purpose of this review is to summarize the most important beneficial activities demonstrated following the oral administration of bLf, trying to identify potential perspectives on its prophylactic and therapeutic applications in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabiana Superti
- National Centre for Innovative Technologies in Public Health, National Institute of Health, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy
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Condurache NN, Aprodu I, Grigore-Gurgu L, Petre BA, Enachi E, Râpeanu G, Bahrim GE, Stănciuc N. Fluorescence spectroscopy and molecular modeling of anthocyanins binding to bovine lactoferrin peptides. Food Chem 2020; 318:126508. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.126508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Revised: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Karav S, German JB, Rouquié C, Le Parc A, Barile D. Studying Lactoferrin N-Glycosylation. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:E870. [PMID: 28425960 PMCID: PMC5412451 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18040870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2017] [Revised: 04/10/2017] [Accepted: 04/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Lactoferrin is a multifunctional glycoprotein found in the milk of most mammals. In addition to its well-known role of binding iron, lactoferrin carries many important biological functions, including the promotion of cell proliferation and differentiation, and as an anti-bacterial, anti-viral, and anti-parasitic protein. These functions differ among lactoferrin homologs in mammals. Although considerable attention has been given to the many functions of lactoferrin, its primary nutritional contribution is presumed to be related to its iron-binding characteristics, whereas the role of glycosylation has been neglected. Given the critical role of glycan binding in many biological processes, the glycan moieties in lactoferrin are likely to contribute significantly to the biological roles of lactoferrin. Despite the high amino acid sequence homology in different lactoferrins (up to 99%), each exhibits a unique glycosylation pattern that may be responsible for heterogeneity of the biological properties of lactoferrins. An important task for the production of biotherapeutics and medical foods containing bioactive glycoproteins is the assessment of the contributions of individual glycans to the observed bioactivities. This review examines how the study of lactoferrin glycosylation patterns can increase our understanding of lactoferrin functionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sercan Karav
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University, 17100 Canakkale, Turkey.
| | - J Bruce German
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
- Foods for Health Institute, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
| | - Camille Rouquié
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
| | - Annabelle Le Parc
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
| | - Daniela Barile
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
- Foods for Health Institute, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
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Wang B, Timilsena YP, Blanch E, Adhikari B. Mild thermal treatment and in-vitro digestion of three forms of bovine lactoferrin: Effects on functional properties. Int Dairy J 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.idairyj.2016.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Yang W, Xu C, Liu F, Yuan F, Gao Y. Native and thermally modified protein-polyphenol coassemblies: lactoferrin-based nanoparticles and submicrometer particles as protective vehicles for (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2014; 62:10816-10827. [PMID: 25310084 DOI: 10.1021/jf5038147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The interactions between native, thermally modified lactoferrin (LF) and (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) at pH 3.5, 5.0, and 6.5 were investigated. Turbidity, particle size, and charge of LF-EGCG complexes were mainly dominated by pH value and secondary structure of protein. At pH 3.5 and 5.0, LF-EGCG complexes were nanoparticles which had high ζ-potential, small size, and soluble state. At pH 6.5, they were submicrometer particles which exhibited low ζ-potential, large size, and insoluble state. The infrared spectra of freeze-dried LF-EGCG complexes showed that they were different from LF and EGCG alone. Far-UV CD results indicated that heat denaturation might irreversibly alter the secondary structure of LF and EGCG induced a progressive increase in the proportion of α-helix structure at the cost of β-sheet and unordered coil structure of LF at pH 3.5, 5.0, and 6.5. EGCG exhibited a strong affinity for native LF but a weak affinity for thermally modified LF at pH 5.0 and 6.5. An inverse result was observed at pH 3.5. These results could have potential for the development of food formulations based on LF as a carrier of bioactive compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Yang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Functional Food from Plant Resources, College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University , Beijing 100083, P. R. China
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Yang W, Liu F, Xu C, Yuan F, Gao Y. Molecular interaction between (−)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate and bovine lactoferrin using multi-spectroscopic method and isothermal titration calorimetry. Food Res Int 2014; 64:141-149. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2014.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2014] [Revised: 05/17/2014] [Accepted: 06/03/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Zhang X, Xiong YL, Chen J, Zhou L. Synergy of licorice extract and pea protein hydrolysate for oxidative stability of soybean oil-in-water emulsions. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2014; 62:8204-13. [PMID: 25058384 DOI: 10.1021/jf5016126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Previously developed radical-scavenging pea protein hydrolysates (PPHs) prepared with Flavourzyme (Fla-PPH) and Protamex (Pro-PPH) were used as cosurfactants with Tween 20 to produce soybean oil-in-water (O/W) emulsions, and the suppression of lipid oxidation was investigated. Both PPHs significantly retarded oxidation (P < 0.05) of the emulsions when stored at 37 °C for 14 days. Electron microscopy revealed an interfacial peptidyl membrane around oil droplets, which afforded steric restrictions to oxidation initiators. When licorice extract (LE) was also used in emulsion preparation, a remarkable synergistic oxidation inhibition was observed with both PPHs. LE adsorbed onto oil droplets either directly or through associating with PPH to produce a thick and compact interfacial membrane enabling the defense against oxygen species. Liquiritin apioside, neolicuroside, glabrene, and 18β-glycyrrhetic acid were the predominant phenolic derivatives partitioning at the interface and most likely the major contributors to the notable synergistic antioxidant activity when coupled with PPHs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology and School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University , Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
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Zhang X, Xiong YL, Chen J, Zhou L. Synergistic inhibition of lipid oxidation by pea protein hydrolysate coupled with licorice extract in a liposomal model system. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2013; 61:8452-61. [PMID: 23924409 DOI: 10.1021/jf402256k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Fourteen pea protein hydrolysates (PPHs) were prepared using different proteases and tested for antioxidant activity in a liposomal model system under oxidative stress (100 μM FeCl3/2 mM ascorbate). Almost all PPHs inhibited lipid oxidation, and those prepared from heated protein with Flavourzyme (Fla-PPH) or Protamex (Pro-PPH) were the most effective. Remarkable synergistic effects were observed on both Fla-PPH and Pro-PPH with licorice extract (LE). Electron microscopy revealed a self-assembled network that appeared to provide crucial protection of liposome against oxidation. The presence of LE enhanced the antioxidant potential by producing a more compact network apparently via PPH-LE complexation. Zeta-potential measurements suggested electrostatic interactions are important driving forces for the accumulation of active peptides at the liposome interface. Peptides rich in leucine, lysine, glutamic acid, glutamine, valine, or proline with a hydrophobic N-terminus, as identified by mass spectrometry, were implicated in the antioxidative protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology and School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University , Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
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11
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Ouzounidou G, Asfi M, Gaitis F. Postharvest application of various chemical factors and their effects on quality characteristics and microbial load of raw beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). ACTA ALIMENTARIA 2012. [DOI: 10.1556/aalim.41.2012.3.8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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12
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Zhou L, Elias RJ. Factors influencing the antioxidant and pro-oxidant activity of polyphenols in oil-in-water emulsions. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2012; 60:2906-2915. [PMID: 22356204 DOI: 10.1021/jf204939h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The nonenzymatic oxidation of polyphenols bearing di- and trihydroxyphenol groups results in the generation of hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂), a reactive oxygen species that can potentially compromise the oxidative stability of foods and beverages. An investigation of the factors that promote the oxidation of a model polyphenol, (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), was undertaken in a model lipid-based food system. Factors affecting oxidative stability, such as exogenous iron chelators (ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid; EDTA and 2,2-bipyridine; BPY) and pH (3 and 7) were evaluated in hexadecane and flaxseed oil-in-water (o/w) emulsions. At neutral pH, H₂O₂ levels were observed to rise rapidly in hexadecane emulsions except for EDTA-containing treatments. However, EDTA-containing samples showed the highest rate of EGCG oxidation, suggesting that H₂O₂ was rapidly reduced to hydroxyl radicals (HO•). Conversely, at pH 3, H₂O₂ concentrations were lower across all treatments. EDTA conferred the highest degree of EGCG stability, with no loss of the catechin over the course of the study. In order to assess whether or not the H₂O₂ production seen in oxidatively stable hexadecane emulsions translated to pro-oxidant activity in an oxidatively labile food lipid system, the effect of EGCG on the stability of flaxseed o/w emulsions was studied. EGCG displayed antioxidant activity at pH 7 throughout the study; however at pH 3, pro-oxidant activity was seen in EGCG-containing emulsions, with and without BPY. This study attempts to provide a mechanistic understanding of the conditions wherein polyphenols simultaneously exert pro-oxidant and antioxidant behavior in lipid dispersions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Zhou
- Department of Food Science, College of Agricultural Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, United States of America
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García-Montoya IA, Cendón TS, Arévalo-Gallegos S, Rascón-Cruz Q. Lactoferrin a multiple bioactive protein: an overview. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2012; 1820:226-36. [PMID: 21726601 PMCID: PMC7127262 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2011.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 277] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2011] [Revised: 06/17/2011] [Accepted: 06/20/2011] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lactoferrin (Lf) is an 80kDa iron-binding glycoprotein of the transferrin family. It is abundant in milk and in most biological fluids and is a cell-secreted molecule that bridges innate and adaptive immune function in mammals. Its protective effects range from anticancer, anti-inflammatory and immune modulator activities to antimicrobial activities against a large number of microorganisms. This wide range of activities is made possible by mechanisms of action involving not only the capacity of Lf to bind iron but also interactions of Lf with molecular and cellular components of both hosts and pathogens. SCOPE OF REVIEW This review summarizes the activities of Lf, its regulation and potential applications. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS The extensive uses of Lf in the treatment of various infectious diseases in animals and humans has been the driving force in Lf research however, a lot of work is required to obtain a better understanding of its activity. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE The large potential applications of Lf have led scientists to develop this nutraceutical protein for use in feed, food and pharmaceutical applications. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled Molecular Mechanisms of Iron Transport and Disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isui Abril García-Montoya
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de Chihuahua, Circuito 1, Nuevo Campus Universitario, CP 31125, Chihuahua, Mexico
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14
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Özcan MM, Arslan D. Antioxidant effect of essential oils of rosemary, clove and cinnamon on hazelnut and poppy oils. Food Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2011.01.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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15
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Li NG, Wang R, Shi ZH, Tang YP, Li BQ, Wang ZJ, Song SL, Qian LH, Wei L, Yang JP, Yao LJ, Xi JZ, Xu J, Feng F, Qian DW, Duan JA. Design and synthesis of novel NO-donor-ferulic acid hybrids as potential antiatherosclerotic drug candidatesa. Drug Dev Res 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ddr.20442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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El-Loly MM, Mahfouz MB. Lactoferrin in Relation to Biological Functions and Applications: A Review. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.3923/ijds.2011.79.111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Characterization of lactoferrin oil-in-water emulsions and their stability in recombined milk. J DAIRY RES 2010; 77:445-51. [DOI: 10.1017/s0022029910000622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Emulsions were prepared with 20% soy oil and different concentrations of lactoferrin, and tested at pH values from 3 to 7·5. The stability of the emulsions decreased as the pH got closer to the isoelectric point of the protein. A concentration of 1% lactoferrin was determined to be sufficient to provide full coverage of the emulsion droplets. Lactoferrin-stabilized emulsions were then prepared in water at pH 6·6 and their behaviour when added to reconstituted milk was studied. It was observed that lactoferrin emulsions were stable when reconstituted in milk, but they showed aggregation when diluted in milk serum alone. The destabilization was caused by shielding of the charges on the surface of the oil droplets. Stabilization in milk occurred due to interactions at the interface with other soluble proteins. In fact, when β-lactoglobulin or sodium caseinate were added to the serum, stability of the emulsion droplets was restored, indicating that these proteins were able to adsorb at the interface and aid in the stabilization. Since ζ-potential measurements did not show significant overall charge on the emulsion droplets, this suggests that the stabilization forces are not only electrostatic in nature, but that there are other mechanisms at play.
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Kobus J, Flaczyk E, Siger A, Nogala-KaÅucka M, Korczak JÃ, Pegg RB. Phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity of extracts of Ginkgo leaves. EUR J LIPID SCI TECH 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/ejlt.200800299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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Cicerale S, Conlan XA, Sinclair AJ, Keast RSJ. Chemistry and health of olive oil phenolics. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2009; 49:218-36. [PMID: 19093267 DOI: 10.1080/10408390701856223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 203] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The Mediterranean diet is associated with a lower incidence of atherosclerosis, cardiovascular disease, and certain types of cancer. The apparent health benefits have been partially attributed to the dietary consumption of virgin olive oil by Mediterranean populations. Most recent interest has focused on the biologically active phenolic compounds naturally present in virgin olive oils. Studies (human, animal, in vivo and in vitro) have shown that olive oil phenolics have positive effects on certain physiological parameters, such as plasma lipoproteins, oxidative damage, inflammatory markers, platelet and cellular function, and antimicrobial activity. Presumably, regular dietary consumption of virgin olive oil containing phenolic compounds manifests in health benefits associated with a Mediterranean diet. This paper summarizes current knowledge on the physiological effects of olive oil phenolics. Moreover, a number of factors have the ability to affect phenolic concentrations in virgin olive oil, so it is of great importance to understand these factors in order to preserve the essential health promoting benefits of olive oil phenolic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Cicerale
- School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Victoria, Australia
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Leonardis A, Macciola V, Nag A. Antioxidant activity of various phenol extracts of olive-oil mill wastewaters. ACTA ALIMENTARIA 2009. [DOI: 10.1556/aalim.2008.0030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Kell DB. Iron behaving badly: inappropriate iron chelation as a major contributor to the aetiology of vascular and other progressive inflammatory and degenerative diseases. BMC Med Genomics 2009; 2:2. [PMID: 19133145 PMCID: PMC2672098 DOI: 10.1186/1755-8794-2-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 359] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2008] [Accepted: 01/08/2009] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The production of peroxide and superoxide is an inevitable consequence of aerobic metabolism, and while these particular 'reactive oxygen species' (ROSs) can exhibit a number of biological effects, they are not of themselves excessively reactive and thus they are not especially damaging at physiological concentrations. However, their reactions with poorly liganded iron species can lead to the catalytic production of the very reactive and dangerous hydroxyl radical, which is exceptionally damaging, and a major cause of chronic inflammation. REVIEW We review the considerable and wide-ranging evidence for the involvement of this combination of (su)peroxide and poorly liganded iron in a large number of physiological and indeed pathological processes and inflammatory disorders, especially those involving the progressive degradation of cellular and organismal performance. These diseases share a great many similarities and thus might be considered to have a common cause (i.e. iron-catalysed free radical and especially hydroxyl radical generation).The studies reviewed include those focused on a series of cardiovascular, metabolic and neurological diseases, where iron can be found at the sites of plaques and lesions, as well as studies showing the significance of iron to aging and longevity. The effective chelation of iron by natural or synthetic ligands is thus of major physiological (and potentially therapeutic) importance. As systems properties, we need to recognise that physiological observables have multiple molecular causes, and studying them in isolation leads to inconsistent patterns of apparent causality when it is the simultaneous combination of multiple factors that is responsible.This explains, for instance, the decidedly mixed effects of antioxidants that have been observed, since in some circumstances (especially the presence of poorly liganded iron) molecules that are nominally antioxidants can actually act as pro-oxidants. The reduction of redox stress thus requires suitable levels of both antioxidants and effective iron chelators. Some polyphenolic antioxidants may serve both roles.Understanding the exact speciation and liganding of iron in all its states is thus crucial to separating its various pro- and anti-inflammatory activities. Redox stress, innate immunity and pro- (and some anti-)inflammatory cytokines are linked in particular via signalling pathways involving NF-kappaB and p38, with the oxidative roles of iron here seemingly involved upstream of the IkappaB kinase (IKK) reaction. In a number of cases it is possible to identify mechanisms by which ROSs and poorly liganded iron act synergistically and autocatalytically, leading to 'runaway' reactions that are hard to control unless one tackles multiple sites of action simultaneously. Some molecules such as statins and erythropoietin, not traditionally associated with anti-inflammatory activity, do indeed have 'pleiotropic' anti-inflammatory effects that may be of benefit here. CONCLUSION Overall we argue, by synthesising a widely dispersed literature, that the role of poorly liganded iron has been rather underappreciated in the past, and that in combination with peroxide and superoxide its activity underpins the behaviour of a great many physiological processes that degrade over time. Understanding these requires an integrative, systems-level approach that may lead to novel therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas B Kell
- School of Chemistry and Manchester Interdisciplinary Biocentre, The University of Manchester, 131 Princess St, Manchester, M1 7DN, UK.
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Jimenez-Alvarez D, Giuffrida F, Golay PA, Cotting C, Lardeau A, Keely BJ. Antioxidant activity of oregano, parsley, and olive mill wastewaters in bulk oils and oil-in-water emulsions enriched in fish oil. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2008; 56:7151-7159. [PMID: 18636737 DOI: 10.1021/jf801154r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The antioxidant activity of oregano, parsley, olive mill wastewaters (OMWW), Trolox, and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) was evaluated in bulk oils and oil-in-water (o/w) emulsions enriched with 5% tuna oil by monitoring the formation of hydroperoxides, hexanal, and t-t-2,4-heptadienal in samples stored at 37 degrees C for 14 days. In bulk oil, the order of antioxidant activity was, in decreasing order (p < 0.05), OMWW > oregano > parsley > EDTA > Trolox. The antioxidant activity in o/w emulsion followed the same order except that EDTA was as efficient an antioxidant as OMWW. In addition, the total phenolic content, the radical scavenging properties, the reducing capacity, and the iron chelating activity of OMWW, parsley, and oregano extracts were determined by the Folin-Ciocalteau, oxygen radical absorbance capacity, ferric reducing antioxidant power, and iron(II) chelating activity assays, respectively. The antioxidant activity of OMWW, parsley, and oregano in food systems was related to their total phenolic content and radical scavenging capacity but not to their ability to chelate iron in vitro. OMWW was identified as a promising source of antioxidants to retard lipid oxidation in fish oil-enriched food products.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Jimenez-Alvarez
- Nestle Research Centre, Lausanne, Vers-Chez-les-Blanc, 1000 Lausanne, Switzerland
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Determination of oxytetracycline, tetracycline and chloramphenicol antibiotics in animal feeds using subcritical water extraction and high performance liquid chromatography. Anal Chim Acta 2008; 619:54-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2008.01.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2007] [Revised: 12/25/2007] [Accepted: 01/10/2008] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Jimenez-Alvarez D, Giuffrida F, Vanrobaeys F, Golay PA, Cotting C, Lardeau A, Keely BJ. High-throughput methods to assess lipophilic and hydrophilic antioxidant capacity of food extracts in vitro. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2008; 56:3470-3477. [PMID: 18433133 DOI: 10.1021/jf703723s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Assays comprising three probes for different mechanisms of antioxidant activity in food products have been modified to allow better comparison of the contributions of the different mechanisms to antioxidant capacity (AOC). Incorporation of a common format for oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC), ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), and iron(II) chelating activity (ICA) assays using 96-well microplates provides a comprehensive and high-throughput assessment of the antioxidant capacity of food extracts. The methods have been optimized for aqueous extracts and validated in terms of limit of quantification (LoQ), linearity, and precision (repeatability and intermediate reproducibility). In addition, FRAP and ORAC assays have been validated to assess AOC for lipophilic extracts. The relative standard deviation of repeatability of the methods ranges from 1.2 to 6.9%, which is generally considered to be acceptable for analytical measurement of AOC by in vitro methods. Radical scavenging capacity, reducing capacity, and iron chelating properties of olive mill wastewaters (OMWW), oregano, and parsley were assessed using the validated methods. OMWW showed the highest radical scavenging and reducing capacities, determined by ORAC and FRAP assays, respectively, followed by oregano and parsley. The ability to chelate Fe (2+) was, in decreasing order of activity ( p > 0.05) parsley congruent with oregano > OMWW. Total phenol content, determined by the Folin-Ciocalteu method, correlated to the radical scavenging and reducing capacities of the samples but not to their chelating properties. Results showed that the optimized high-throughput methods provided a comprehensive and precise determination of the AOC of lipophilic and hydrophilic food extracts in vitro.
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Mohan KVPC, Letchoumy PV, Hara Y, Nagini S. Combination chemoprevention of hamster buccal pouch carcinogenesis by bovine milk lactoferrin and black tea polyphenols. Cancer Invest 2008; 26:193-201. [PMID: 18259952 DOI: 10.1080/07357900701511961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Combination chemoprevention is a promising approach for oral cancer prevention. The authors evaluated the combined chemopreventive effects of bovine milk lactoferrin (bLF) and black tea polyphenols (Polyphenon-B) in a clinically relevant in vivo model of 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA)-induced hamster buccal pouch (HBP) carcinogenesis. Although dietary administration of bLF and Polyphenon-B alone significantly reduced the tumor incidence, combined administration of bLF and polyphenon-B was more effective in inhibiting DMBA-induced genotoxicity and development of HBP carcinomas by modulation of carcinogen-metabolizing enzymes and cellular redox status. These results suggest that a "designer item" approach will be useful for human oral cancer prevention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- K V P Chandra Mohan
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar, Tamil Nadu, India
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26
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Lactoferrin Structure and Functions. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2007; 606:163-94. [DOI: 10.1007/978-0-387-74087-4_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 167] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Wegener T, Wagner H. The active components and the pharmacological multi-target principle of STW 5 (Iberogast). PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2006; 13 Suppl 5:20-35. [PMID: 16926095 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2006.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
The therapeutic equivalence of the multi-herbal drug combination STW 5 (Iberogast) with two synthetic standard drugs can be explained by an additive or overadditive pharmacological synergism. A review of the different chemical constituents contained in this fixed combination of nine herbal drug extracts and their dominant mechanisms of action shows that they correlate very well with the clinically relevant overall pharmacological profile of the multi-herbal drug combination. This comprises modulatory effects on gastro-intestinal motility, anti-inflammatory action, inhibitory effects on gastric acid production and anti-oxidative and radical-inhibiting properties. As a multi-drug preparation with a multitude of therapeutic targets relevant in functional gastrointestinal diseases, its pharmacological profile of action in accordance with the multi-target principle.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Wegener
- Consulting Herbal Medicinal Products, Zeisigstrasse 9, 33378 Rheda-Wiedenbrück, Germany
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28
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Larkins
- Nutritional Laboratories, Raglan, Gwent, Monmouthshire NP15 2DJ, UK
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29
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Škerget M, Kotnik P, Hadolin M, Hraš AR, Simonič M, Knez Ž. Phenols, proanthocyanidins, flavones and flavonols in some plant materials and their antioxidant activities. Food Chem 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2004.02.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 432] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Nielsen NS, Petersen A, Meyer AS, Timm-Heinrich M, Jacobsen C. Effects of lactoferrin, phytic acid, and EDTA on oxidation in two food emulsions enriched with long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2004; 52:7690-7699. [PMID: 15675821 DOI: 10.1021/jf0492316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The influence of the addition of metal chelators on oxidative stability was studied in a milk drink and in a mayonnaise system containing highly polyunsaturated lipids. Milk drinks containing 5% (w/w) of specific structured lipid were supplemented with lactoferrin (6-24 muM) and stored at 2 degrees C for up to 9 weeks. Mayonnaise samples with 16% fish oil and 64% rapeseed oil (w/w) were supplemented with either lactoferrin (8-32 muM), phytic acid (16-124 muM), or EDTA (16-64 muM) and were stored at 20 degrees C for up to 4 weeks. The effect of the metal chelators was evaluated by determination of peroxide values, secondary volatile oxidation products, and sensory analysis. Lactoferrin reduced the oxidation when added in concentrations of 12 muM in the milk drink and 8 muM in the mayonnaise, whereas it was a prooxidant at higher concentrations in both systems. In mayonnaise, EDTA was an effective metal chelator even at 16 muM, whereas phytic acid did not exert a distinct protective effect against oxidation. The differences in the equimolar effects of the metal chelators are proposed to be due to differences in their binding constants to iron and their different stabilities toward heat and low pH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina S Nielsen
- Department of Seafood Research, Danish Institute for Fisheries Research, and BioCentrum-DTU, Building 221, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark.
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Trombino S, Serini S, Di Nicuolo F, Celleno L, Andò S, Picci N, Calviello G, Palozza P. Antioxidant effect of ferulic acid in isolated membranes and intact cells: synergistic interactions with alpha-tocopherol, beta-carotene, and ascorbic acid. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2004; 52:2411-2420. [PMID: 15080655 DOI: 10.1021/jf0303924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Although an antioxidant mechanism has been involved in the beneficial effects of ferulic acid in human diseases, there are few reports on the antioxidant properties of this compound in isolated membranes and intact cells. Here, we evaluated the ability of ferulic acid in inhibiting lipid peroxidation in rat liver microsomal membranes and reactive oxygen species production in NIH-3T3 fibroblasts, induced by both tert-BOOH and AAPH. We also compared its antioxidant efficiency with that of other antioxidants, such as alpha-tocopherol, beta-carotene, and ascorbic acid, added alone or in combination. Ferulic acid acted as a potent antioxidant in our models, being more effective in protecting from tert-BOOH than from AAPH. Moreover, the compound was the most effective among the antioxidants tested. Synergistic interactions were observed when the compound was used in combination with the other antioxidants, suggesting that they can cooperate in preserving physiological integrity of cells exposed to free radicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Trombino
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Calabria, 87030 Arcavacata di Rende, Cosenza, Italy
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Franke AA, Custer LJ, Arakaki C, Murphy SP. Vitamin C and flavonoid levels of fruits and vegetables consumed in Hawaii. J Food Compost Anal 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/s0889-1575(03)00066-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Wagner KH, Isnardy B, Elmadfa I. γ- andδ-tocopherols are more effective thanα-tocopherol on the autoxidation of a 10% rapeseed oil triacylglycerol-in-water emulsion with and without a radical initiator. EUR J LIPID SCI TECH 2004. [DOI: 10.1002/ejlt.200300885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Yin MC, Hwang SW, Chan KC. Nonenzymatic antioxidant activity of four organosulfur compounds derived from garlic. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2002; 50:6143-6147. [PMID: 12358493 DOI: 10.1021/jf0204203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The nonenzymatic antioxidant activity of diallyl sulfide (DAS), diallyl disulfide (DADS), S-ethyl cysteine (SEC), and N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) in the liposome system was examined. The antioxidant protection from these organosulfur agents was concentration dependent (p < 0.05). SEC and NAC showed significantly lower lipophilicity and greater reducing power than DAS and DADS (p < 0.05). Greater antioxidant protection was presented in the combinations of alpha-tocopherol with four organosulfur agents than alpha-tocopherol treatment alone (p < 0.05), and SEC and NAC showed greater sparing effects on alpha-tocopherol (p < 0.05). Four organosulfur agents lost antioxidant activity when the temperature was 65 degrees C (p < 0.05). At pH 2.5 and 10, DAS and DADS still showed antioxidant activity (p < 0.05). On the basis of the observed nonenzymatic antioxidant protection, these organosulfur compounds are potent agents for enhancing lipid stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei-chin Yin
- Department of Nutritional Science, Chungshan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C.
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