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Almajid A, Bazroon A, AlAhmed A, Bakhurji O. Exploring the Health Benefits and Therapeutic Potential of Roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa) in Human Studies: A Comprehensive Review. Cureus 2023; 15:e49309. [PMID: 38024072 PMCID: PMC10676230 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.49309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Hibiscus sabdariffa (HS), commonly known as Roselle, has a rich history of traditional uses and is recognized for its diverse pharmacological properties, including antihypertensive, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and more. This comprehensive review synthesizes the existing literature on the health benefits associated with the consumption of HS or its ingredients. Key areas of focus include metabolic health, blood sugar, and lipid regulation, wherein studies have reported varying effects on parameters such as fasting blood glucose, insulin sensitivity, and lipid profiles. Furthermore, Roselle exhibits anti-inflammatory properties, as evidenced by its impact on inflammatory markers such as MCP-1 and TNF-α. Additionally, HS extracts have shown notable antibacterial efficacy against various strains, with a potential role in urinary tract infection management. Studies also suggest potential benefits for renal function, with improvements in markers such as blood urea nitrogen and creatinine levels. In this article, we aim to review the existing literature on the health benefits of HS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Almajid
- Internal Medicine, King Fahad Specialist Hospital, Dammam, SAU
| | - Ali Bazroon
- Internal Medicine, King Fahad Specialist Hospital, Dammam, SAU
| | - Alzahraa AlAhmed
- Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University Hospital, Jeddah, SAU
| | - Omar Bakhurji
- Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, SAU
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Improvement effects of esculetin on the formation and development of atherosclerosis. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 150:113001. [PMID: 35658220 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is one of the potential causes of death in patients with cardiovascular disease. With the discovery of new anti atherosclerotic drugs becoming the pursuit of the pharmaceutical industry, natural products have attracted more and more attention because of their unique efficacy in the treatment of atherosclerosis. More and more studies have shown that esculetin, a coumarin mainly found in cortex fraxini, can improve atherosclerosis by participating in cellular antioxidant responses and reducing inflammation related pathogenesis. This paper summarizes the researches of esculetin on anti-atherosclerosis in the past two decades. Esculetin plays an anti atherosclerotic role through reducing blood triglyceride level, preventing the proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) and the production of matrix metallopeptidase 9 (MMP-9), inhibiting the oxidation of low density lipoprotein (LDL) and the secretion of adhesion factors and chemokines, and increasing the outflow level of high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C). Esculetin is safe and reliable, easy to be absorbed by the body and can be synthesized in a variety of ways. Although there are still few clinical studies on anti-atherosclerosis, in vivo experiments have proved that esculetin has high bioavailability. From the current research, the anti-atherosclerotic effect of esculetin is positive and encouraging. However, much work remains to be done to clarify the molecular mechanism of esculetin in the treatment of atherosclerosis.
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Zhang L, Xie Q, Li X. Esculetin: A review of its pharmacology and pharmacokinetics. Phytother Res 2021; 36:279-298. [PMID: 34808701 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 09/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Esculetin is a natural dihydroxy coumarin; it is mainly extracted from twig skin and the trunk bark of the Chinese herbal medicine Fraxinus rhynchophylla Hance. Emerging evidence suggests that esculetin has a wide range of pharmacological activities. Based on its fundamental properties, including antioxidant, antiinflammatory, antiapoptotic, anticancer, antidiabetic, neuroprotective, and cardiovascular protective activities, as well as antibacterial activity, among others, esculetin is expected to be a therapeutic drug for specific disease indications, such as cancer, diabetes, atherosclerosis, Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and other diseases. The oral bioavailability of esculetin was shown by studies to be low. The extensive glucuronidation was described to be the main metabolic pathway of esculetin and C-7 phenolic hydroxyl to be its major metabolic site. With the development of scientific research technology, the pharmacological effects of esculetin are identified and its potential for the treatment of diseases is demonstrated. The underlining mechanisms of action and biological activities as well as the pharmacokinetic data of the analyzed compound reported so far are highlighted in this review with the aim of becoming a proven, and applicable insight and reference for further studies on the utilization of esculetin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linlin Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Qingxuan Xie
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaofang Li
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
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Zhang S, Gai Z, Gui T, Chen J, Chen Q, Li Y. Antioxidant Effects of Protocatechuic Acid and Protocatechuic Aldehyde: Old Wine in a New Bottle. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2021; 2021:6139308. [PMID: 34790246 PMCID: PMC8592717 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6139308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Phenolic compounds are naturally present as secondary metabolites in plant-based sources such as fruits, vegetables, and spices. They have received considerable attention for their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-carcinogenic properties for protection against many chronic disorders such as neurodegenerative diseases, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and cancer. They are categorized into various groups based on their chemical structure and include phenolic acids, flavonoids, curcumins, tannins, and quinolones. Their structural variations contribute to their specific beneficial effects on human health. The antioxidant property of phenolic compounds protects against oxidative stress by up-regulation of endogenous antioxidants, scavenging free radicals, and anti-apoptotic activity. Protocatechuic acid (PCA; 3,4-dihydroxy benzoic acid) and protocatechuic aldehyde (PAL; 3,4-dihydroxybenzaldehyde) are naturally occurring polyphenols found in vegetables, fruits, and herbs. PCA and PAL are the primary metabolites of anthocyanins and proanthocyanidins, which have been shown to possess pharmacological actions including antioxidant activity in vitro and in vivo. This review aims to explore the therapeutic potential of PCA and PAL by comprehensively summarizing their pharmacological properties reported to date, with an emphasis on their mechanisms of action and biological properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shijun Zhang
- First Clinical Medical College, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
| | - Zhibo Gai
- Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Classical Theory, Ministry of Education, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
| | - Ting Gui
- Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Classical Theory, Ministry of Education, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
| | - Juanli Chen
- The Institute for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, The Liaocheng University/Liaocheng People's Hospital, Liaocheng, China
| | - Qingfa Chen
- The Institute for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, The Liaocheng University/Liaocheng People's Hospital, Liaocheng, China
| | - Yunlun Li
- Innovation Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
- The Third Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
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Gao Y, Ma L, Han T, Wang M, Zhang D, Wang Y. Protective role of protocatechuic acid in sevoflurane-induced neuron apoptosis, inflammation and oxidative stress in mice. Restor Neurol Neurosci 2021; 38:323-331. [PMID: 32986634 DOI: 10.3233/rnn-201022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In neonatal mice, sevoflurane, inspired through the nasal cavity to act as anesthesia, triggers neuronal apoptosis, inflammation and oxidative injury that can hamper cognitive functions in the growth of the central nervous system in the later stages of life. OBJECTIVE Our study aimed to explore the potential neuroprotective effects of protocatechuic acid (PCA) to ameliorate neonatal sevoflurane-induced neurotoxicity. METHODS Male mice were pretreated with PCA (10 or 20 mg/kg) for half an hour before continuous treatment for 6 h with 3 % sevoflurane. TUNEL staining was performed to examine the apoptotic cells to record their count. ELISA was performed to evaluate the expressions of the proteins - IL-1β, IL-18 and TNF-α. Analysis of the Western blot and test of the Morris maze was determined and the results analyzed. RESULTS TUNEL findings assay showed a significant reduction with sevoflurane in neuronal apoptosis treated with PCA at 20 mg/kg. The expression of protein Caspase-3 showed significant changes in the group SEV + PCA (20 mg/kg). ELISA analysis showed that the levels of IL-18 and TNF-α were significantly reduced in the SEV + PCA (20 mg/kg) group as compared to SEV + PCA (10 mg/kg) group. MDA, ROS and SOD levels were noted to decrease significantly only in the SEV + PCA group (20 mg/kg) while IL-1β levels decreased in both SEV + PCA groups (10 or 20 mg/kg) respectively. CONCLUSIONS Our findings imply that apoptosis, inflammation, and oxidative stress in the hippocampal region of neonatal mouse brain were significantly reduced by pre-treatment with PCA before sevoflurane exposure. Therefore, suggesting a role for PCA as a novel therapeutic agent in the treatment of sevoflurane anesthesia-induced neurobehavioral dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhua Gao
- Department of Anesthesiology, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China
| | - Liping Ma
- Department of Anesthesiology, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China
| | - Tao Han
- Department of Ultrasound, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China
| | - Meng Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China
| | - Dongmei Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China
| | - Yana Wang
- Department of medical Genetics and cell biology of school of Basic Medical Science, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China
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Zaragozá C, Zaragozá F, Gayo-Abeleira I, Villaescusa L. Antiplatelet Activity of Coumarins: In Vitro Assays on COX-1. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26103036. [PMID: 34069658 PMCID: PMC8161015 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26103036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death in developed countries. Therefore, there is an increasing interest in developing new potent and safe antiplatelet agents. Coumarins are a family of polyphenolic compounds with several pharmacological activities, including platelet aggregation inhibition. However, their antiplatelet mechanism of action needs to be further elucidated. The aim of this study is to provide insight into the biochemical mechanisms involved in this activity, as well as to establish a structure-activity relationship for these compounds. With this purpose, the antiplatelet aggregation activities of coumarin, esculetin and esculin were determined in vitro in human whole blood and platelet-rich plasma, to set the potential interference with the arachidonic acid cascade. Here, the platelet COX activity was evaluated from 0.75 mM to 6.5 mM concentration by measuring the levels of metabolites derived from its activity (MDA and TXB2), together with colorimetric assays performed with the pure recombinant enzyme. Our results evidenced that the coumarin aglycones present the greatest antiplatelet activity at 5 mM and 6.5 mM on aggregometry experiments and inhibiting MDA levels.
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Fotopoulos I, Hadjipavlou-Litina D. Hybrids of Coumarin Derivatives as Potent and Multifunctional Bioactive Agents: A Review. Med Chem 2020; 16:272-306. [PMID: 31038071 DOI: 10.2174/1573406415666190416121448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Revised: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Coumarins exhibit a plethora of biological activities, e.g. antiinflammatory and anti-tumor. Molecular hybridization technique has been implemented in the design of novel coumarin hybrids with several bioactive groups in order to obtain molecules with better pharmacological activity and improved pharmacokinetic profile. OBJECTIVE Therefore, we tried to gather as many as possible biologically active coumarin hybrids referred in the literature till now, to delineate the structural characteristics in relation to the activities and to have a survey that might help the medicinal chemists to design new coumarin hybrids with drug-likeness and varied bioactivities. RESULTS The biological activities of the hybrids in most of the cases were found to be different from the biological activities presented by the parent coumarins. The results showed that the hybrid molecules are more potent compared to the standard drugs used in the evaluation experiments. CONCLUSION Conjugation of coumarin with varied pharmacophore groups/druglike molecules responsible for different biological activities led to many novel hybrid molecules, with a multitarget behavior and improved pharmacokinetic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis Fotopoulos
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki 54124, Greece
| | - Dimitra Hadjipavlou-Litina
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki 54124, Greece
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Sim YY, Nyam KL. Hibiscus cannabinus L. (kenaf) studies: Nutritional composition, phytochemistry, pharmacology, and potential applications. Food Chem 2020; 344:128582. [PMID: 33199120 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.128582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Revised: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The electronic database was searched up to July 2020, using keywords, kenaf and roselle, chemical constituents of kenaf and roselle, therapeutic uses of kenaf and roselle. Journals, books and conference proceedings were also searched. Investigations of pharmacological activities of kenaf revealed that this edible plant exhibits a broad range of therapeutic potential including antioxidant, antimicrobial, antityrosinase, anticancer, antihyperlipidemia, antiulcer, anti-inflammatory, and hepatoprotective activities. Kenaf also showed versatile utility as a functional ingredient in food, folk medicine, and animal nutritions, as well as in nanotechnology processes. The exploitation of underexploited kenaf by-products can be a significant part of waste management from an economic and environmental point of view. In addition, kenaf showed comparable nutritional, phytochemical, and pharmacological properties with Hibiscus sabdariffa (Roselle). This review has important implications for further investigations and applications of kenaf in food and pharmaceuticals industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Yi Sim
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Applied Sciences, UCSI University, 56000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Kar Lin Nyam
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Applied Sciences, UCSI University, 56000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
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Farràs M, Martinez-Gili L, Portune K, Arranz S, Frost G, Tondo M, Blanco-Vaca F. Modulation of the Gut Microbiota by Olive Oil Phenolic Compounds: Implications for Lipid Metabolism, Immune System, and Obesity. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12082200. [PMID: 32718098 PMCID: PMC7468985 DOI: 10.3390/nu12082200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
There is extensive information of the beneficial effects of virgin olive oil (VOO), especially on cardiovascular diseases. Some VOO healthy properties have been attributed to their phenolic-compounds (PCs). The aim of this review is to present updated data on the effects of olive oil (OO) PCs on the gut microbiota, lipid metabolism, immune system, and obesity, as well as on the crosstalk among them. We summarize experiments and clinical trials which assessed the specific effects of the olive oil phenolic-compounds (OOPCs) without the synergy with OO-fats. Several studies have demonstrated that OOPC consumption increases Bacteroidetes and/or reduces the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio, which have both been related to atheroprotection. OOPCs also increase certain beneficial bacteria and gut-bacteria diversity which can be therapeutic for lipid-immune disorders and obesity. Furthermore, some of the mechanisms implicated in the crosstalk between OOPCs and these disorders include antimicrobial-activity, cholesterol microbial metabolism, and metabolites produced by bacteria. Specifically, OOPCs modulate short-chain fatty-acids produced by gut-microbiota, which can affect cholesterol metabolism and the immune system, and may play a role in weight gain through promoting satiety. Since data in humans are scarce, there is a necessity for more clinical trials designed to assess the specific role of the OOPCs in this crosstalk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Farràs
- Institut de Recerca de l’Hospital Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques (IIB) Sant Pau, 08041 Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), 08907 Barcelona, Spain;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-935537595
| | - Laura Martinez-Gili
- Division of Systems Medicine, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK;
| | - Kevin Portune
- AZTI, Food Research, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Parque Tecnológico de Bizkaia, AstondoBidea, Edificio 609, 48160 Derio, Spain; (K.P.); (S.A.)
| | - Sara Arranz
- AZTI, Food Research, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Parque Tecnológico de Bizkaia, AstondoBidea, Edificio 609, 48160 Derio, Spain; (K.P.); (S.A.)
| | - Gary Frost
- Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK;
| | - Mireia Tondo
- Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Servei de Bioquímica-Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques (IIB) Sant Pau, 08041 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Francisco Blanco-Vaca
- CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), 08907 Barcelona, Spain;
- Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Servei de Bioquímica-Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques (IIB) Sant Pau, 08041 Barcelona, Spain;
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
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El-Sayed SM, El-Sayed HS, Ibrahim OA, Youssef AM. Rational design of chitosan/guar gum/zinc oxide bionanocomposites based on Roselle calyx extract for Ras cheese coating. Carbohydr Polym 2020; 239:116234. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.116234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Revised: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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Development of Fibrates as Important Scaffolds in Medicinal Chemistry. ChemMedChem 2019; 14:1051-1066. [DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201900128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Liu Y, Wang X, Pang J, Zhang H, Luo J, Qian X, Chen Q, Ling W. Attenuation of Atherosclerosis by Protocatechuic Acid via Inhibition of M1 and Promotion of M2 Macrophage Polarization. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:807-818. [PMID: 30592218 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b05719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Macrophage polarization has a vital impact on the progression of atherosclerosis (AS). Protocatechuic acid (PCA), a flavonol, displays notable atheroprotective effects, but its mechanisms have not been clearly defined. We investigated whether PCA attenuated AS by regulating macrophage polarization. PCA consumption inhibited HCD-induced plaque formation (17.84 and 8.21% in the HCD and HCD with PCA groups, respectively, p < 0.05) and inflammatory responses in apolipoprotein E deficient (ApoE-/-) mice. Moreover, PCA suppressed classically activated macrophage (M1) polarization, which decreased the secretion of nitric oxide synthase (54.63 and 32.86% in the HCD and HCD with PCA groups, respectively, p < 0.05) and proinflammatory factors. PCA promoted alternatively activated macrophage (M2) activation, which increased the expression of arginine I (6.97 and 26.19% in the HCD and HCD with PCA groups, respectively, p < 0.001) and anti-inflammatory factors. PCA also regulated M1-M2 polarization in J774 cells and mouse-bone-marrow-derived macrophages. Finally, PCA reduced PI3K-Akt-mediated nuclear-factor-κB activation, thereby suppressing M1 polarization, and provoked signal-transducers-and-activators-of-transcription-6 phosphorylation and peroxisome-proliferator-activated-receptor-γ activation, leading to enhanced M2 activation. Our data revealed that PCA alleviated AS by regulating M1-M2 conversion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Liu
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health , Sun Yat-Sen University (North Campus) , Guangzhou 510080 , PR China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health , Guangzhou 510080 , PR China
| | - Xu Wang
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health , Sun Yat-Sen University (North Campus) , Guangzhou 510080 , PR China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health , Guangzhou 510080 , PR China
| | - Juan Pang
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health , Sun Yat-Sen University (North Campus) , Guangzhou 510080 , PR China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health , Guangzhou 510080 , PR China
| | - Hanyue Zhang
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health , Sun Yat-Sen University (North Campus) , Guangzhou 510080 , PR China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health , Guangzhou 510080 , PR China
| | - Jing Luo
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health , Sun Yat-Sen University (North Campus) , Guangzhou 510080 , PR China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health , Guangzhou 510080 , PR China
| | - Xiaoyun Qian
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health , Sun Yat-Sen University (North Campus) , Guangzhou 510080 , PR China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health , Guangzhou 510080 , PR China
| | - Qian Chen
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health , Sun Yat-Sen University (North Campus) , Guangzhou 510080 , PR China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health , Guangzhou 510080 , PR China
| | - Wenhua Ling
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health , Sun Yat-Sen University (North Campus) , Guangzhou 510080 , PR China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health , Guangzhou 510080 , PR China
- Guangdong Engineering Technology Center of Nutrition Transformation , Guangzhou 510080 , PR China
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Safaeian L, Emami R, Hajhashemi V, Haghighatian Z. Antihypertensive and antioxidant effects of protocatechuic acid in deoxycorticosterone acetate-salt hypertensive rats. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 100:147-155. [PMID: 29428662 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.01.107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2017] [Revised: 01/17/2018] [Accepted: 01/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Protocatechuic acid (PCA) is a natural antioxidant with beneficial cardiovascular properties. In this study, the effect of supplementation with PCA was investigated in deoxycorticosterone acetate (DOCA)-salt hypertension. Male Wistar rats received DOCA (25 mg/kg, s.c.) twice weekly and 1% NaCl in drinking water and simultaneously treated with PCA (50, 100 and 200 mg/kg, p.o.) for 4 weeks. Systolic blood pressure (SBP) was detected using tail-cuff method. Electrolytes including Na+, K+ and chloride, catalase activity, glutathione, total antioxidant capacity, malondialdehyde (MDA) and hydroperoxides concentration were measured in serum samples. Body and organs weight, water intake and, kidney and heart histopathology were also evaluated. Administration of PCA reversed the changes caused by DOCA-salt approximately at all doses. At the lowest dose, PCA significantly decreased SBP (132.5 ± 4.0 vs 152.3 ± 4.5 mmHg, P < .05), serum sodium (138.5 ± 1.52 vs 141 ± 1.50, P < .05) and chloride level (101.6 ± 1.47 vs 110 ± 1.39, P < .01) and raised serum potassium level (3.8 ± 0.09 vs 3.1 ± 0.17, P < .05) compared with DOCA-salt hypertensive rats. PCA increased serum catalase activity, total antioxidant capacity and glutathione concentration and reduced MDA and hydroperoxides levels. PCA also improved organ weight changes, reduced water intake and moderately prevented histopathological changes of kidney and heart upon DOCA-salt administration. The present study indicates the antihypertensive and antioxidant effects of PCA against DOCA-salt hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Safaeian
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology and Isfahan Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
| | - Reyhaneh Emami
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology and Isfahan Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Valiollah Hajhashemi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology and Isfahan Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Zahra Haghighatian
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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Park SH, Sung YY, Nho KJ, Kim DS, Kim HK. Effects of Viola mandshurica on Atherosclerosis and Hepatic Steatosis in ApoE−∕− via the AMPK Pathway. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2017; 45:757-772. [DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x17500409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis was previously thought to be a disease that primarily involves lipid accumulation in the arterial wall. In this report, we investigated the effect of Viola mandshurica W. Becker (V. mandshurica) water extract on atherosclerosis in apolipoprotein E deficient (ApoE[Formula: see text]) mice. The administration of V. mandshurica to high-fat diet-fed mice reduced body weight, liver weight, and serum levels of lipids (total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, triglycerides), glucose, alanine transaminase, and aspartate transaminase. Histopathologic analyses of the aorta and liver revealed that V. mandshurica attenuated atherosclerotic lesions and reduced lipid accumulation, inflammatory responses and fatty acid synthesis. V. mandshurica also increased phosphorylation of adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK), thereby reducing acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) in liver tissue and inhibiting sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1c (SREBP-1c). V. mandshurica reduced protein expression levels of adhesion molecules (intercellular adhesion molecule-1, vascular cell adhesion molecule-1, and E-selectin) as well as ACC, fatty acid synthase, and SREBP-1c. In addition, quantitative analysis of V. mandshurica by high-performance liquid chromatography revealed the presence of esculetin and scopoletin. Esculetin and scopoletin reduced adhesion molecules in human aortic smooth muscle cells. Our results indicate that the anti-atherosclerotic effects of V. mandshurica may be associated with activation of the AMPK pathway. Therefore, AMPK-dependent phosphorylation of SREBP-1c by V. mandshurica may be an effective therapeutic strategy for combatting atherosclerosis and hepatic steatosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun Haeng Park
- Mibyeong Research Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, 1672 Yuseong-daero, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-811, Republic of Korea
- Department of Korean Medical Scinece, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Gyeongnam, Yansan 626-870, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon-Young Sung
- Mibyeong Research Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, 1672 Yuseong-daero, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-811, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung jin Nho
- Mibyeong Research Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, 1672 Yuseong-daero, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-811, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Sun Kim
- KM Convergence Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, 1672 Yuseong-daero, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-811, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho Kyoung Kim
- Mibyeong Research Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, 1672 Yuseong-daero, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-811, Republic of Korea
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Liang C, Ju W, Pei S, Tang Y, Xiao Y. Pharmacological Activities and Synthesis of Esculetin and Its Derivatives: A Mini-Review. Molecules 2017; 22:E387. [PMID: 28257115 PMCID: PMC6155195 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22030387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2017] [Revised: 02/20/2017] [Accepted: 02/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Esculetin, synonymous with 6,7-dihydroxycoumarin, is the main active ingredient of the traditional Chinese medicine Cortex Fraxini. The twig skin or trunk bark of Cortex Fraxini are used by herb doctors as a mild, bitter liver and gallbladder meridians' nontoxic drug as well as dietary supplement. Recently, with a variety of novel esculetin derivatives being reported, the molecular mechanism research as well as clinical application of Cortex Fraxini and esculetin are becoming more attractive. This mini-review will consolidate what is known about the biological activities, the mechanism of esculetin and its synthetic derivatives over the past decade in addition to providing a brief synopsis of the properties of esculetin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengyuan Liang
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, 6 Xuefu Road, Xi'an 710021, China.
| | - Weihui Ju
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, 6 Xuefu Road, Xi'an 710021, China.
| | - Shaomeng Pei
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, 6 Xuefu Road, Xi'an 710021, China.
| | - Yonghong Tang
- Xi'an Taikomed Pharmaceutical technology Co., LTD, Xi'an 710077, China.
| | - Yadong Xiao
- Faculty of Finance and Economics, Guangzhou Vocational College of Science and Technology, Guangzhou 510550, China.
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Adefegha SA, Oboh G, Omojokun OS, Adefegha OM. Alterations of Na+/K+-ATPase, cholinergic and antioxidant enzymes activity by protocatechuic acid in cadmium-induced neurotoxicity and oxidative stress in Wistar rats. Biomed Pharmacother 2016; 83:559-568. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2016.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2016] [Revised: 07/06/2016] [Accepted: 07/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
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Effect of sour tea (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) on arterial hypertension: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. J Hypertens 2016; 33:1119-27. [PMID: 25875025 DOI: 10.1097/hjh.0000000000000585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hibiscus sabdariffa L. is a tropical wild plant rich in organic acids, polyphenols, anthocyanins, polysaccharides, and volatile constituents that are beneficial for the cardiovascular system. Hibiscus sabdariffa beverages are commonly consumed to treat arterial hypertension, yet the evidence from randomized controlled trials (RCTs) has not been fully conclusive. Therefore, we aimed to assess the potential antihypertensive effects of H. sabdariffa through systematic review of literature and meta-analysis of available RCTs. METHODS The search included PUBMED, Cochrane Library, Scopus, and EMBASE (up to July 2014) to identify RCTs investigating the efficacy of H. sabdariffa supplementation on SBP and DBP values. Two independent reviewers extracted data on the study characteristics, methods, and outcomes. Quantitative data synthesis and meta-regression were performed using a fixed-effect model, and sensitivity analysis using leave-one-out method. Five RCTs (comprising seven treatment arms) were selected for the meta-analysis. In total, 390 participants were randomized, of whom 225 were allocated to the H. sabdariffa supplementation group and 165 to the control group in the selected studies. RESULTS Fixed-effect meta-regression indicated a significant effect of H. sabdariffa supplementation in lowering both SBP (weighed mean difference -7.58 mmHg, 95% confidence interval -9.69 to -5.46, P < 0.00001) and DBP (weighed mean difference -3.53 mmHg, 95% confidence interval -5.16 to -1.89, P < 0.0001). These effects were inversely associated with baseline BP values, and were robust in sensitivity analyses. CONCLUSION This meta-analysis of RCTs showed a significant effect of H. sabdariffa in lowering both SBP and DBP. Further well designed trials are necessary to validate these results.
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Formagio ASN, Ramos DD, Vieira MC, Ramalho SR, Silva MM, Zárate NAH, Foglio MA, Carvalho JE. Phenolic compounds of Hibiscus sabdariffa and influence of organic residues on its antioxidant and antitumoral properties. BRAZ J BIOL 2016; 75:69-76. [PMID: 25945622 DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.07413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2013] [Accepted: 09/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the phenolic and flavonoids contents and the antioxidant and antitumoral activity of leaf and calyx methanolic extracts from Hibiscus sabdariffa (roselle) cultivated with poultry litter and organosuper® under three modes of application. The total phenolic content in the each extract was determined using the Folin-Ciocalteu reagent and for aluminium chloride flavonoids. The antioxidant parameters were analyzed using a 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH.) free radical scavenging assay. An antitumor colorimetric assay using sulforhodamine B. The highest contents of phenolic and flavonoids were observed in leaf extracts (389.98 and 104.52 mg g-1, respectively) and calyx extracts (474.09 and 148.35 mg g-1, respectively) from plants cultivated with organosuper®, although these values did not differ significantly from those observed for the other treatments. The average IC50 of leaves (43.48 μg mL-1) and calyces (37.15 μg mL-1) demonstrated that both have substances that may contribute to free radical scavenging action. The methanol extract from calyces showed significant selective activity against a leukemia line (K-562), with IC50 values of 0.12 mg mL-1 (organosuper®) and 1.16 mg mL-1 (poultry litter), with concentration-dependent, cytotoxic and cytocidal effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- A S N Formagio
- Facudade de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados, Dourados, MS, Brazil
| | - D D Ramos
- Facudade de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados, Dourados, MS, Brazil
| | - M C Vieira
- Facudade de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados, Dourados, MS, Brazil
| | - S R Ramalho
- Faculdade de Ciências Biológicas e Ambientais, Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados, Dourados, MS, Brazil
| | - M M Silva
- Faculdade de Ciências Biológicas e Ambientais, Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados, Dourados, MS, Brazil
| | - N A H Zárate
- Facudade de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados, Dourados, MS, Brazil
| | - M A Foglio
- Centro Pluridisciplinar de Pesquisas Químicas, Biológicas e Agrícolas, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - J E Carvalho
- Centro Pluridisciplinar de Pesquisas Químicas, Biológicas e Agrícolas, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
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Martín-Peláez S, Mosele JI, Pizarro N, Farràs M, de la Torre R, Subirana I, Pérez-Cano FJ, Castañer O, Solà R, Fernandez-Castillejo S, Heredia S, Farré M, Motilva MJ, Fitó M. Effect of virgin olive oil and thyme phenolic compounds on blood lipid profile: implications of human gut microbiota. Eur J Nutr 2015; 56:119-131. [PMID: 26541328 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-015-1063-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2015] [Accepted: 09/25/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the effect of virgin olive oil phenolic compounds (PC) alone or in combination with thyme PC on blood lipid profile from hypercholesterolemic humans, and whether the changes generated are related with changes in gut microbiota populations and activities. METHODS A randomized, controlled, double-blind, crossover human trial (n = 12) was carried out. Participants ingested 25 mL/day for 3 weeks, preceded by 2-week washout periods, three raw virgin olive oils differing in the concentration and origin of PC: (1) a virgin olive oil (OO) naturally containing 80 mg PC/kg, (VOO), (2) a PC-enriched virgin olive oil containing 500 mg PC/kg, from OO (FVOO), and (3) a PC-enriched virgin olive oil containing a mixture of 500 mg PC/kg from OO and thyme, 1:1 (FVOOT). Blood lipid values and faecal quantitative changes in microbial populations, short chain fatty acids, cholesterol microbial metabolites, bile acids, and phenolic metabolites were analysed. RESULTS FVOOT decreased seric ox-LDL concentrations compared with pre-FVOOT, and increased numbers of bifidobacteria and the levels of the phenolic metabolite protocatechuic acid compared to VOO (P < 0.05). FVOO did not lead to changes in blood lipid profile nor quantitative changes in the microbial populations analysed, but increased the coprostanone compared to FVOOT (P < 0.05), and the levels of the faecal hydroxytyrosol and dihydroxyphenylacetic acids, compared with pre-intervention values and to VOO, respectively (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION The ingestion of a PC-enriched virgin olive oil, containing a mixture of olive oil and thyme PC for 3 weeks, decreases blood ox-LDL in hypercholesterolemic humans. This cardio-protective effect could be mediated by the increases in populations of bifidobacteria together with increases in PC microbial metabolites with antioxidant activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Martín-Peláez
- Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition Research Group, REGICOR Study Group, Hospital del Mar Research Institute (IMIM), Doctor Aiguader 88, 08003, Barcelona, Spain.
- Spanish Biomedical Research Networking Centre (CIBER), Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Juana Ines Mosele
- Food Technology Department, UTPV-XaRTA, Agrotecnio Research-Center, University of Lleida, Av. Alcalde Rovira Roure 191, 25198, Lleida, Spain
| | - Neus Pizarro
- Human Pharmacology and Clinical Neurosciences Research Group, IMIM, Doctor Aiguader 88, 08003, Barcelona, Spain
- Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta Farràs
- Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition Research Group, REGICOR Study Group, Hospital del Mar Research Institute (IMIM), Doctor Aiguader 88, 08003, Barcelona, Spain
- Spanish Biomedical Research Networking Centre (CIBER), Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rafael de la Torre
- Spanish Biomedical Research Networking Centre (CIBER), Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Human Pharmacology and Clinical Neurosciences Research Group, IMIM, Doctor Aiguader 88, 08003, Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra, (CEXS-UPF), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Isaac Subirana
- Cardiovascular and Genetic Epidemiology Research Group, REGICOR Study Group, IMIM, Doctor Aiguader 88, 08003, Barcelona, Spain
- Spanish Biomedical Research Networking Centre (CIBER), Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBEResp), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco José Pérez-Cano
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Institute for Research on Nutrition and Food Safety (INSA-UB), B building, Joan XXIII, 27-30, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Olga Castañer
- Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition Research Group, REGICOR Study Group, Hospital del Mar Research Institute (IMIM), Doctor Aiguader 88, 08003, Barcelona, Spain
- Spanish Biomedical Research Networking Centre (CIBER), Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rosa Solà
- Unit of Farmacobiology, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat Rovira I Virgili, Sant Llorenç 21, 43201, Reus, Spain
| | - Sara Fernandez-Castillejo
- Unit of Farmacobiology, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat Rovira I Virgili, Sant Llorenç 21, 43201, Reus, Spain
| | - Saray Heredia
- Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition Research Group, REGICOR Study Group, Hospital del Mar Research Institute (IMIM), Doctor Aiguader 88, 08003, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Magí Farré
- Human Pharmacology and Clinical Neurosciences Research Group, IMIM, Doctor Aiguader 88, 08003, Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra, (CEXS-UPF), Barcelona, Spain
| | - María José Motilva
- Food Technology Department, UTPV-XaRTA, Agrotecnio Research-Center, University of Lleida, Av. Alcalde Rovira Roure 191, 25198, Lleida, Spain
| | - Montserrat Fitó
- Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition Research Group, REGICOR Study Group, Hospital del Mar Research Institute (IMIM), Doctor Aiguader 88, 08003, Barcelona, Spain.
- Spanish Biomedical Research Networking Centre (CIBER), Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
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Velpula R, Deshineni R, Gali R, Bavantula R. One-pot multicomponent synthesis of novel 1-thiazolyl-5-coumarin-3-yl-pyrazole derivatives and evaluation of their cytotoxic activity. RESEARCH ON CHEMICAL INTERMEDIATES 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s11164-015-2114-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Antioxidant and antidiabetic effects of gallic and protocatechuic acids: a structure–function perspective. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s00580-015-2119-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Lin MC, Ou TT, Chang CH, Chan KC, Wang CJ. Protocatechuic acid inhibits oleic acid-induced vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation through activation of AMP-activated protein kinase and cell cycle arrest in G0/G1 phase. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2015; 63:235-241. [PMID: 25513741 DOI: 10.1021/jf505303s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Protocatechuic acid (PCA) has been implicated in the progression of atherosclerosis. The proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) may play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Adenosine 5′-monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) additionally exerts several beneficial effects on vascular function and improves vascular abnormalities. The current study sought to determine whether PCA has an inhibitory effect on VSMC proliferation under oleic acid (OA) treatment. A7r5 cells were treated with OA (150 μM) or cotreated with OA and PCA (150 μg/mL) for 24 and 48 h. PCA-treated cells were found to cause an increase in G0/G1 cell cycle arrest. Western blotting showed that PCA increased the expressions of p53 and p21Cip1, subsequently decreasing the expression of cyclin E1 and Cdk2. In addition, PCA induced phosphorylation of AMPK and inhibited the expression of fatty acid synthase, Akt-p, and Skp2 after stimulation with OA. After treatment with AMPK inhibitor, the effects of PCA mentioned above were reversed. Taken together, PCA inhibited OA-induced VSMC proliferation through AMPK activation and down-regulation of FAS and AKT signals, which then blocks G0/G1 phase cell cycle progression. These findings provide a new insight into the protective properties of PCA on VSMC, which may constitute a novel effective antiatherosclerosis agent.
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Da-Costa-Rocha I, Bonnlaender B, Sievers H, Pischel I, Heinrich M. Hibiscus sabdariffa L. – A phytochemical and pharmacological review. Food Chem 2014; 165:424-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2014.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 417] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2013] [Revised: 03/26/2014] [Accepted: 05/01/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Lin HH, Charles AL, Hsieh CW, Lee YC, Ciou JY. Antioxidant effects of 14 Chinese traditional medicinal herbs against human low-density lipoprotein oxidation. J Tradit Complement Med 2014; 5:51-5. [PMID: 26151009 PMCID: PMC4488096 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcme.2014.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2014] [Revised: 04/08/2014] [Accepted: 05/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The relationship between the antioxidant activities and inhibitory effect of 14 Chinese medicinal herbs against oxidized low-density lipoprotein (LDL) formation was evaluated. Prolongation of the lag phase of LDL oxidation depended on the concentration of the herbs. The concentration of each herb that was able to prolong the lag time by about two-fold was calculated and expressed as doubling-time concentration. The lower the doubling-time concentration, the stronger the inhibitory effect exhibited toward LDL oxidation. Among them, Chrysanthemi Flos (Chrysanthemum morifolium ramat; 甘菊花 gān jú huā), Crataegi Fructus (Crataegus pinnatifida Bge. var. major N.E.Br.; 山楂 shān zhā), and Roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa Linn.; 洛神 luò shén) showed significant inhibitory effects. Correlation coefficients between doubling-time concentration and radical-scavenging activities were high; the total phenolic content was also high. In conclusion, phenolic compounds contributed not only to antioxidant activities, but also to the inhibitory effect against LDL oxidation. Chrysanthemi Flos, Crataegi Fructus, and H. sabdariffa, with lower doubling-time concentrations, could be potent phytochemical agents to reduce LDL oxidation and prevent the progression of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsin-Hung Lin
- Department of Food Science, Tunghai University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Albert Linton Charles
- Department of Tropical Agriculture and International Cooperation, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology (NPUST), Pingtung, Taiwan
| | - Chang-Wei Hsieh
- Department of Medicinal Botany and Healthcare, Da-Yeh University, Dahtsuen, Changhwa, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Chi Lee
- Department of Food Science, Tunghai University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Jhih-Ying Ciou
- Department of Food Science, Tunghai University, Taichung, Taiwan
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Coumarin hybrids as novel therapeutic agents. Bioorg Med Chem 2014; 22:3806-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2014.05.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 188] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2014] [Revised: 05/08/2014] [Accepted: 05/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Le Person A, Moncomble A, Cornard JP. The Complexation of AlIII, PbII, and CuII Metal Ions by Esculetin: A Spectroscopic and Theoretical Approach. J Phys Chem A 2014; 118:2646-55. [DOI: 10.1021/jp412291z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Annaïg Le Person
- LASIR, CNRS UMR8516, Université Lille 1 Sciences et Technologies, Bât C5 − 59 655 Villeneuve d’Ascq Cedex − France
| | - Aurélien Moncomble
- LASIR, CNRS UMR8516, Université Lille 1 Sciences et Technologies, Bât C5 − 59 655 Villeneuve d’Ascq Cedex − France
| | - Jean-Paul Cornard
- LASIR, CNRS UMR8516, Université Lille 1 Sciences et Technologies, Bât C5 − 59 655 Villeneuve d’Ascq Cedex − France
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Hseu YC, Lee CC, Chen YC, Senthil Kumar K, Chen CS, Tsai CT, Huang HC, Wang HM, Yang HL. Antrodia salmonea in submerged culture exhibits antioxidant activities in vitro and protects human erythrocytes and low-density lipoproteins from oxidative modification. Food Chem Toxicol 2014; 66:150-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2014.01.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2013] [Revised: 01/13/2014] [Accepted: 01/20/2014] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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Koelreuteria formosana extract impedes in vitro human LDL and prevents oxidised LDL-induced apoptosis in human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Food Chem 2014; 146:299-307. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2013.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2012] [Revised: 09/02/2013] [Accepted: 09/04/2013] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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Tsai TC, Huang HP, Chang YC, Wang CJ. An anthocyanin-rich extract from Hibiscus sabdariffa linnaeus inhibits N-nitrosomethylurea-induced leukemia in rats. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2014; 62:1572-1580. [PMID: 24471438 DOI: 10.1021/jf405235j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
A previous study reported that anthocyanins from roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) showed significant anticancer activity in human promyelocytic leukemia cells. To explore the antitumor effect of anthocyanin, a roselle bioactive polyphenol in a rat model of chemical-induced leukemia was assayed. Anthocyanin extract of roselle (Hibiscus anthocyanins, HAs) was supplemented in the diet (0.1 and 0.2%). This study was carried out to evaluate the protective effect of HAs on N-nitrosomethylurea (NMU)-induced leukemia of rats. The study employed male Sprague-Dawley rats (n = 48), and leukemia was induced by intravenous injection of 35 mg kg(-1) body weight of NMU dissolved in physiologic saline solution. The rats were divided into four groups (n = 12): control, NMU only, and HAs groups that received different doses of HAs (0.1 and 0.2%) daily, orally, after NMU injection. After 220 days, the animals were killed, and the following parameters were assessed: morphological observation, hematology examination, histopathological assessment, and biochemical assay. When compared with the NMU-only group, HAs significantly prevented loss of organ weight and ameliorated the impairment of morphology, hematology, and histopathology. Treatment with HAs caused reduction in the levels of AST, ALT, uric acid, and MPO. Also, the results showed that oral administration of HAs (0.2%) remarkably inhibited progression of NMU-induced leukemia by approximately 33.3% in rats. This is the first report to demonstrate that the sequential administration of HAs followed by NMU resulted in an antileukemic activity in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsung-Chang Tsai
- Superintendent Office, Antai Medical Care Cooperation, Antai Tian-Sheng Memorial Hospital , Pingtung, Taiwan
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Jung E, Kim Y, Joo N. Physicochemical properties and antimicrobial activity of Roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.). JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2013; 93:3769-3776. [PMID: 23749748 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.6256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2012] [Revised: 05/17/2013] [Accepted: 06/08/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The therapeutic action of a plant depends on its chemical constituents. In this study, experiments were carried out in order to evaluate the effect of extraction conditions on the antioxidative and antimicrobial activities of Roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.). RESULTS Roselle was found to be rich in malic acid, anthocyanins, ascorbic acid and minerals, especially Ca and Fe, but low in glucose. More than 18 volatile compounds were identified by gas chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. This herb, which is rich in phenolic compounds and displays DPPH radical scavenging activity, could be a good source of natural antioxidants. The antimicrobial activity of the Roselle water and ethanol extracts was tested with Bacillus subtilis (ATCC6633), Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC6538) and Escherichia coli (ATCC 8739). The inhibition of the Roselle ethanol extract against B. subtilis and S. aureus was slightly higher than that of water extract but this difference was not significant. However, E. coli was strongly inhibited by the Roselle water extract at concentrations of 25 and 50 mg mL(-1) as determined by a paper disc method. CONCLUSION The obtained results indicated that antioxidant and antimicrobial activity was related to different methods of extraction and Roselle extracts could be a source of therapeutically useful products.
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Affiliation(s)
- EunKyung Jung
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, 140-742, Korea
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Chen JH, Tsai CW, Wang CP, Lin HH. Anti-atherosclerotic potential of gossypetin via inhibiting LDL oxidation and foam cell formation. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2013; 272:313-24. [DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2013.06.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2013] [Revised: 06/26/2013] [Accepted: 06/28/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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32
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Sashidhara KV, Palnati GR, Sonkar R, Avula SR, Awasthi C, Bhatia G. Coumarin chalcone fibrates: A new structural class of lipid lowering agents. Eur J Med Chem 2013; 64:422-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2013.04.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2013] [Revised: 04/08/2013] [Accepted: 04/10/2013] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Barbagallo I, Galvano F, Frigiola A, Cappello F, Riccioni G, Murabito P, D'Orazio N, Torella M, Gazzolo D, Li Volti G. Potential therapeutic effects of natural heme oxygenase-1 inducers in cardiovascular diseases. Antioxid Redox Signal 2013; 18:507-21. [PMID: 23025298 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2011.4360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Many physiological effects of natural antioxidants, their extracts or their major active components, have been reported in recent decades. Most of these compounds are characterized by a phenolic structure, similar to that of α-tocopherol, and present antioxidant properties that have been demonstrated both in vitro and in vivo. Polyphenols may increase the capacity of endogenous antioxidant defenses and modulate the cellular redox state. Such effects may have wide-ranging consequences for cellular growth and differentiation. CRITICAL ISSUES The majority of in vitro and in vivo studies conducted so far have attributed the protective effect of bioactive polyphenols to their chemical reactivity toward free radicals and their capacity to prevent the oxidation of important intracellular components. One possible protective molecular mechanism of polyphenols is nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor (Nrf2) activation, which in turn regulates a number of detoxification enzymes. RECENT ADVANCES Among the latter, the heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) pathway is likely to contribute to the established and powerful antioxidant/anti-inflammatory properties of polyphenols. In this context, it is interesting to note that induction of HO-1 expression by means of natural compounds contributes to prevention of cardiovascular diseases in various experimental models. FUTURE DIRECTIONS The focus of this review is on the role of natural HO-1 inducers as a potential therapeutic strategy to protect the cardiovascular system against various stressors in several pathological conditions.
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Kim K, Bae ON, Lim KM, Noh JY, Kang S, Chung KY, Chung JH. Novel antiplatelet activity of protocatechuic acid through the inhibition of high shear stress-induced platelet aggregation. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2012; 343:704-11. [PMID: 22984226 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.112.198242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Bleeding is the most common and serious adverse effect of currently available antiplatelet drugs. Many efforts are being made to develop novel antithrombotic agents without bleeding risks. Shear stress-induced platelet aggregation (SIPA), which occurs under abnormally high shear stress, plays a crucial role in the development of arterial thrombotic diseases. Here, we demonstrate that protocatechuic acid (PCA), a bioactive phytochemical from Lonicera (honeysuckle) flowers, selectively and potently inhibits high shear (>10,000 s(-1))-induced platelet aggregation. In isolated human platelets, PCA decreased SIPA and attenuated accompanying platelet activation, including intracellular calcium mobilization, granule secretion, and adhesion receptor expression. The anti-SIPA effect of PCA was mediated through blockade of von Willebrand factor binding to activated glycoprotein Ib, a primary and initial event for the accomplishment of SIPA. Conspicuously, PCA did not inhibit platelet aggregation induced by other endogenous agonists like collagen, thrombin, or ADP that are important in both pathological thrombosis and normal hemostasis. Antithrombotic effects of PCA were confirmed in vivo in a rat arterial thrombosis model, where PCA significantly delayed the arterial occlusion induced by FeCl(3). Of particular note, PCA did not increase bleeding times in a rat tail transection model, whereas conventional antiplatelet drugs, aspirin, and clopidogrel substantially prolonged it. Collectively, these results suggest that PCA may be a novel antiplatelet agent that can prevent thrombosis without increasing bleeding risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keunyoung Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
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35
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Carvajal-Zarrabal O, Barradas-Dermitz DM, Orta-Flores Z, Hayward-Jones PM, Nolasco-Hipólito C, Aguilar-Uscanga MG, Miranda-Medina A, Bujang KB. Hibiscus sabdariffa L., roselle calyx, from ethnobotany to pharmacology. J Exp Pharmacol 2012; 4:25-39. [PMID: 27186114 PMCID: PMC4863543 DOI: 10.2147/jep.s27974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Using MEDLINE and SCOPUS databases, a review of the literature from the pioneering study of 1991 until 2010 was performed on the effects on biological models of Hibiscus sabdariffa L. roselle calyx, its extracts mainly in polar solvents, or pure components found in extracts, as well as their possible relationship to these effects. Three relevant effects on lipid metabolism, antihypertensive activity, and apoptosis were observed. Our chronological review of the studies mentioned in the literature provides another opportunity to see how humans compile scientific knowledge of a chemical structure-physiological activity relationship starting from an ethnobotanical-ethnopharmagognosy contribution. The chemical components that are the main active principles in the physiological activities of Hibiscus sabdariffa L. calyx are anthocyanins and polyphenols (protocatechuic acid and quercetin). Advances have also been made in the elucidation of action mechanisms. Additionally, it has become clear that the lack of standardization in terms of chemical components of the material arising from Hibiscus sabdariffa L. used in testing on biological models imposes limits on the possibility of carrying out comparative analyses between studies. Fortunately, more recent studies are overcoming this obstacle by reporting component concentrations of assumed active principles; however, complete analysis of the extract, if this is to be considered as a therapeutic agent, is not commonly reported in the aforesaid studies. If one of the eventual scenarios for Hibiscus sabdariffa L. calyx is as a therapeutic agent in communities with economic limitations, then studies of a pharmacological nature should guarantee the effectiveness, safety, and tolerability of this material, which is widely accepted to be associated with chemical complexity, thus making this knowledge necessary.
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Jadeja RN, Thounaojam MC, Devkar RV, Ramachandran A. Clerodendron glandulosum.Coleb extract prevents in vitro human LDL oxidation and oxidized LDL induced apoptosis in human monocyte derived macrophages. Food Chem Toxicol 2011; 49:1195-202. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2011.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2010] [Revised: 02/23/2011] [Accepted: 02/24/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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37
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Ramirez-Rodrigues MM, Plaza ML, Azeredo A, Balaban MO, Marshall MR. Physicochemical and Phytochemical Properties of Cold and Hot Water Extraction from Hibiscus sabdariffa. J Food Sci 2011; 76:C428-35. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1750-3841.2011.02091.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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38
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Thounaojam MC, Jadeja RN, Devkar RV, Ramachandran AV. In Vitro Evidence for the Protective role of Sida rhomboidea. Roxb Extract Against LDL Oxidation and Oxidized LDL-Induced Apoptosis in Human Monocyte–Derived Macrophages. Cardiovasc Toxicol 2011; 11:168-79. [DOI: 10.1007/s12012-011-9110-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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39
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Antioxidant activity and inhibition effect on the growth of human colon carcinoma (HT-29) cells of esculetin from Cortex Fraxini. Med Chem Res 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-010-9426-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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40
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Chan KC, Ho HH, Peng CH, Lan KP, Lin MC, Chen HM, Wang CJ. Polyphenol-rich extract from mulberry leaf inhibits vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation involving upregulation of p53 and inhibition of cyclin-dependent kinase. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2010; 58:2536-2542. [PMID: 20070102 DOI: 10.1021/jf904293p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
This study was carried out to investigate the impact of polyphenol-rich extract from mulberry leaf on the proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) and verify its mechanism in vitro. VSMC proliferation is an important pathophysiological process in the development of atherosclerosis, which is the major cause of coronary artery disease (CAD). Polyphenol-rich foods, such as mulberry leaf, have been reported to reduce the risk of CAD. The effect of mulberry leaf extract (MLE) on cell growth was measured by a growth curve assay, on distribution of cells in the cell cycle by flow cytometry, and on cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) activity and cell-cycle regulatory proteins by Western blot, immunoblotting, and immunoprecipitation analyses. The results showed that MLE induced phosphorylation of p53, promoted expression of p21 and p27, decreased CDK2/4 activity, inhibited phosphorylation of Rb, and thereby blocked the G1 to S transition in the cell cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuei-Chuan Chan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, School of Medicine
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41
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Maganha EG, Halmenschlager RDC, Rosa RM, Henriques JAP, Ramos ALLDP, Saffi J. Pharmacological evidences for the extracts and secondary metabolites from plants of the genus Hibiscus. Food Chem 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2009.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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42
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Kao ES, Tseng TH, Lee HJ, Chan KC, Wang CJ. Anthocyanin extracted from Hibiscus attenuate oxidized LDL-mediated foam cell formation involving regulation of CD36 gene. Chem Biol Interact 2009; 179:212-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2009.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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43
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Thuong PT, Pokharel YR, Lee MY, Kim SK, Bae K, Su ND, Oh WK, Kang KW. Dual Anti-oxidative Effects of Fraxetin Isolated from Fraxinus rhinchophylla. Biol Pharm Bull 2009; 32:1527-32. [DOI: 10.1248/bpb.32.1527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Moo Yeol Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Chonnam National University
| | | | - KiHwan Bae
- College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University
| | | | - Won Keun Oh
- BK21 Project Team, College of Pharmacy, Chosun University
| | - Keon Wook Kang
- BK21 Project Team, College of Pharmacy, Chosun University
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44
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Liu LK, Lee HJ, Shih YW, Chyau CC, Wang CJ. Mulberry Anthocyanin Extracts Inhibit LDL Oxidation and Macrophage-Derived Foam Cell Formation Induced by Oxidative LDL. J Food Sci 2008; 73:H113-21. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1750-3841.2008.00801.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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45
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Hsieh YS, Kuo WH, Lin TW, Chang HR, Lin TH, Chen PN, Chu SC. Protective effects of berberine against low-density lipoprotein (LDL) oxidation and oxidized LDL-induced cytotoxicity on endothelial cells. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2007; 55:10437-10445. [PMID: 18001034 DOI: 10.1021/jf071868c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The oxidative modification of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) is thought to have a central role in the pathogenesis of atherogenesis. Berberine, a natural constituent of plants of the genera Coptis and Berberis, has several anti-inflammation and anticancer biological effects. However, its protective effects on LDL oxidation and endothelial injury induced by oxLDL remain unclear. In this study, we evaluated the antioxidative activity of berberine and how berberine rescues human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) from oxidized LDL (oxLDL)-mediated dysfunction. The antioxidative activity of berberine was defined by the relative electrophoretic mobility of oxLDL, fragmentation of ApoB, and malondialdehyde production via the Cu(2+)-mediated oxidation of LDL. Berberine also inhibited the generation of ROS and the subsequent mitochondrial membrane potential collapse, chromosome condensation, cytochrome C release, and caspase-3 activation induced by oxLDL in HUVECs. Our results suggest that berberine may protect LDL oxidation and prevent oxLDL-induced cellular dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yih-Shou Hsieh
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechology, Chung Shan Medical University, No. 110, Section 1, Chien Kuo North Road, Taichung 402, Taiwan
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46
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Lo CW, Huang HP, Lin HM, Chien CT, Wang CJ. Effect ofHibiscus anthocyanins-rich extract induces apoptosis of proliferating smooth muscle cell via activation of P38 MAPK and p53 pathway. Mol Nutr Food Res 2007; 51:1452-60. [DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.200700151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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47
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Hseu YC, Chang WH, Chen CS, Liao JW, Huang CJ, Lu FJ, Chia YC, Hsu HK, Wu JJ, Yang HL. Antioxidant activities of Toona Sinensis leaves extracts using different antioxidant models. Food Chem Toxicol 2007; 46:105-14. [PMID: 17703862 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2007.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2006] [Revised: 04/14/2007] [Accepted: 07/09/2007] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate the antioxidant activity of aqueous extracts of Toona sinensis (TS; 0-100 microg/mL) and gallic acid (0-50 microg/mL), with the purified natural phenolic components evaluated using different antioxidant models. It was found that the TS extracts and gallic acid possess effective antioxidant activity against various oxidative systems in vitro, including the scavenging of free and superoxide anion radicals, reducing power, and metal chelation. However, antioxidant activity in terms of metal chelation was not observed for the gallic acid. Moreover, TS extracts and gallic acid appear to possess powerful antioxidant properties with respect to oxidative modification of human LDL induced by CuSO4, AAPH or sodium nitroprusside, as assessed by the relative electrophoretic mobility, TBARS formation, and cholesterol degradation of oxidized LDL. Furthermore, AAPH-induced oxidative hemolysis, lipid peroxidation, and decline in superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in human erythrocytes were prevented by both the TS extracts and the gallic acid. Our findings suggest that T. sinensis may act as a chemopreventative agent, providing antioxidant properties and offering effective protection from atherogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- You-Cheng Hseu
- Department of Cosmeceutics, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
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48
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49
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Yang HL, Hseu YC, Chen JY, Yech YJ, Lu FJ, Wang HH, Lin PS, Wang BC. Antrodia camphorata in submerged culture protects low density lipoproteins against oxidative modification. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2006; 34:217-31. [PMID: 16552834 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x06003783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Antrodia camphorata is well known in Taiwan as a traditional Chinese medicine. In this study, we have investigated the antioxidant properties of a fermented culture broth of Antrodia camphorata (FCBA) and the aqueous extracts of mycelia from Antrodia camphorata (AEMA) on the oxidative modification of human low-density lipoproteins (LDL), as induced by either copper sulfate (CuSO(4)) or 2,2'-azo-bis(2-amidinopropane) hydrochloride (AAPH). Under such oxidant stress, FCBA and AEMA appear to possess antioxidant properties with respect to oxidation of LDL in a time-and concentration-dependent manner, as assessed by inhibition of thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS) formation, conjugated diene production, and cholesterol degradation of oxidized LDL. In addition, both FCBA and AEMA exhibited a remarkable ability to rescue the relative electrophoretic mobility and fragmentation of the Apo B moiety of the oxidized LDL. Furthermore, FCBA and AEMA effectively protected the endothelial cells from the damaging effects of the CuSO(4)-oxidized LDL. Our findings suggest that the antioxidant properties of Antrodia camphorata may also provide effective protection from atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsin-Ling Yang
- Institute of Nutrition, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
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50
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Chang YC, Huang KX, Huang AC, Ho YC, Wang CJ. Hibiscus anthocyanins-rich extract inhibited LDL oxidation and oxLDL-mediated macrophages apoptosis. Food Chem Toxicol 2006; 44:1015-23. [PMID: 16473450 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2005.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2005] [Revised: 10/28/2005] [Accepted: 12/21/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The oxidative modification of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) plays a key role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Anti-oxidative reagents, which can effectively inhibit LDL oxidation, may prevent atherosclerosis via reducing early atherogenesis, and slowing down the progression to advance stages. As shown in previous studies Hibiscus sabdariffa L. is a natural plant containing a lot of pigments that was found to possess anti-oxidative of activity. Therefore, in this study, we evaluated the anti-oxidative activity of Hibiscus anthocyanins (HAs) by measuring their effects on LDL oxidation (in cell-free system) and anti-apoptotic abilities (in RAW264.7 cells). HAs have been tested in vitro examining their relative electrophoretic mobility (REM), Apo B fragmentation, thiobarbituric acid relative substances (TBARS) and radical 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging activity assay. The anti-oxidative activity of HAs was defined by relative electrophoretic mobility of oxLDL (decrease of 50% at 2 mg/ml), fragmentation of Apo B (inhibition of 61% at 1mg/ml), and TBARS assay (IC(50): 0.46 mg/ml) in the Cu(2+)-mediated oxidize LDL. Furthermore, the addition of >0.1 mg/ml of HAs could scavenge over 95% of free DPPH radicals, HAs showed strong potential in inhibiting LDL oxidation induced by copper. In addition, to determine whether oxLDL-induced apoptosis in macrophages is inhibited by HAs, we studied the viability, morphology and caspase-3 expression of RAW 264.7 cells. MTT assay, Leukostate staining analysis and Western blotting reveals that HAs could inhibit oxLDL-induced apoptosis. According to these findings, we suggest that HAs may be used to inhibit LDL oxidation and oxLDL-mediated macrophage apoptosis, serving as a chemopreventive agent. However, further investigations into the specificity and mechanism(s) of HAs are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Ching Chang
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Chung Shan Medical University, No. 110, Sec. 1, Chien-Kauo N. Road, Taichung 402, Taiwan
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