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Mahmoud LM, Killiny N, Dutt M. Melatonin supplementation enhances browning suppression and improves transformation efficiency and regeneration of transgenic rough lemon plants (Citrus × jambhiri). PLoS One 2024; 19:e0294318. [PMID: 38446779 PMCID: PMC10917246 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0294318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Enzymatic browning poses a significant challenge that limits in vitro propagation and genetic transformation of plant tissues. This research focuses on investigating how adding antioxidant substances can suppress browning, leading to improved efficiency in transforming plant tissues using Agrobacterium and subsequent plant regeneration from rough lemon (Citrus × jambhiri). When epicotyl segments of rough lemon were exposed to Agrobacterium, they displayed excessive browning and tissue decay. This was notably different from the 'Hamlin' explants, which did not exhibit the same issue. The regeneration process failed completely in rough lemon explants, and they accumulated high levels of total phenolic compounds (TPC) and polyphenol oxidase (PPO), which contribute to browning. To overcome these challenges, several antioxidant and osmoprotectant compounds, including lipoic acid, melatonin, glycine betaine, and proline were added to the tissue culture medium to reduce the oxidation of phenolic compounds and mitigate browning. Treating epicotyl segments with 100 or 200 μM melatonin led to a significant reduction in browning and phenolic compound accumulation. This resulted in enhanced shoot regeneration, increased transformation efficiency, and reduced tissue decay. Importantly, melatonin supplementation effectively lowered the levels of TPC and PPO in the cultured explants. Molecular and physiological analyses also confirmed the successful overexpression of the CcNHX1 transcription factor, which plays a key role in imparting tolerance to salinity stress. This study emphasizes the noteworthy impact of supplementing antioxidants in achieving successful genetic transformation and plant regeneration in rough lemon. These findings provide valuable insights for developing strategies to address enzymatic browning and enhance the effectiveness of plant tissue culture and genetic engineering methods with potential applications across diverse plant species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lamiaa M. Mahmoud
- Department of Horticultural Science, Citrus Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Lake Alfred, Florida, United States of America
| | - Nabil Killiny
- Department of Plant Pathology, Citrus Research and Education Center, IFAS, University of Florida, Lake Alfred, Florida, United States of America
| | - Manjul Dutt
- Department of Horticultural Science, Citrus Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Lake Alfred, Florida, United States of America
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Macioszek VK, Marciniak P, Kononowicz AK. Impact of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum Infection on Lettuce ( Lactuca sativa L.) Survival and Phenolics Content-A Case Study in a Horticulture Farm in Poland. Pathogens 2023; 12:1416. [PMID: 38133299 PMCID: PMC10747159 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12121416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Sclerotinia sclerotiorum is a cause of a prevalent and destructive disease that attacks many horticultural food crops, such as lettuce. This soil-borne necrotrophic fungal pathogen causes significant economic losses in worldwide lettuce production annually. Furthermore, current methods utilized for management and combatting the disease, such as biocontrol, are insufficient. In this study, three cultivars of lettuce (one Crispy and two Leafy cultivars of red and green lettuce) were grown in central Poland (Lodz Voivodeship), a widely known Polish horticultural region. In the summer and early autumn, lettuce cultivars were grown in control and S. sclerotiorum-infected fields. The lettuce cultivars (Templin, Lollo Rossa, and Lollo Bionda) differed phenotypically and in terms of the survival of the fungal infection. The Crispy iceberg Templin was the most susceptible to S. sclerotiorum infection compared to the other cultivars during both vegetation seasons. The total content of phenolic compounds, flavonoids, and anthocyanins varied among cultivars and fluctuated during infection. Moreover, phenolic content was affected by vegetation season with alterable environmental factors such as air temperature, humidity, soil temperature, and pH. The most increased levels of phenolics, both flavonoids and anthocyanins in infected plants, were observed in the Leafy red Lollo Rossa cultivar in both crops. However, the highest survival/resistance to the fungus was noticed for Lollo Rossa in the summer crop and Lollo Bionda in the autumn crop.
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Affiliation(s)
- Violetta Katarzyna Macioszek
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Department of Biology and Plant Ecology, Faculty of Biology, University of Bialystok, 15-245 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Paulina Marciniak
- Wiesław and Izabela Królikiewicz Horticulture Market Farm, 97-306 Majków Średni, Poland
- Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, 90-237 Lodz, Poland
| | - Andrzej Kiejstut Kononowicz
- Department of Plant Ecophysiology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, 90-237 Lodz, Poland;
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3
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Puccinelli M, Rosellini I, Malorgio F, Pardossi A, Pezzarossa B. Iodine biofortification of Swiss chard (Beta vulgaris ssp. vulgaris var. cicla) and its wild ancestor sea beet (Beta vulgaris ssp. maritima) grown hydroponically as baby leaves: effects on leaf production and quality. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2023; 103:7888-7895. [PMID: 37483122 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.12876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND About 35-45% of the global population is affected by iodine deficiency. Iodine intake can be increased through the consumption of biofortified vegetables. Given the increasing interest in wild edible species of new leafy vegetables due to their high nutritional content, this study aimed to evaluate the suitability of Swiss chard (Beta vulgaris ssp. vulgaris var. cicla) and its wild ancestor sea beet (Beta vulgaris ssp. maritima) to be fortified with iodine. Plants were cultivated hydroponically in a nutrient solution enriched with four different concentrations of iodine (0, 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 mg L-1 ), and the production and quality of baby leaves were determined. RESULTS Sea beet accumulated more iodine than Swiss chard. In both subspecies, increasing the iodine concentration in the nutrient solution improved leaf quality as a result of greater antioxidant capacity - the ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP) index increased by 17% and 28%, at 0.5 and 1.5 mg L-1 iodine, respectively - the content of flavonoids (+31 and + 26%, at 1 and 1.5 mg L-1 of iodine, respectively), and the lower content of nitrate (-38% at 1.5 mg L-1 of iodine) and oxalate (-36% at 0.5 mg L-1 of iodine). In sea beet, however, iodine levels in the nutrient solution higher than 0.5 mg L-1 reduced crop yield significantly. CONCLUSIONS Both subspecies were found to be suitable for producing iodine-enriched baby leaves. The optimal iodine levels in the nutrient solution were 1.0 in Swiss chard and 0.5 mg L-1 in sea beet, as crop yield was not affected at these concentrations and leaves contained enough iodine to satisfy an adequate daily intake with a serving of 100 g. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Puccinelli
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, via del Borghetto 80, Pisa, 56124, Italy
| | - Irene Rosellini
- Research Institute on Terrestrial Ecosystems, National Research Council, via G. Moruzzi 1, Pisa, 56124, Italy
| | - Fernando Malorgio
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, via del Borghetto 80, Pisa, 56124, Italy
| | - Alberto Pardossi
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, via del Borghetto 80, Pisa, 56124, Italy
| | - Beatrice Pezzarossa
- Research Institute on Terrestrial Ecosystems, National Research Council, via G. Moruzzi 1, Pisa, 56124, Italy
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Yatung T, Bhargav V, Shivashankara K, Geetha G, Lokesha A. Biochemical profiling of ‘toko’ (Livistona jenkinsiana griff.): An endangered underutilized fruit of north east India. BIOCHEM SYST ECOL 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bse.2023.104610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
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Rose H, Bakshi S, Kanetkar P, Lukose SJ, Felix J, Yadav SP, Gupta PK, Paswan VK. Development and Characterization of Cultured Buttermilk Fortified with Spirulina plantensis and Its Physico-Chemical and Functional Characteristics. DAIRY 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/dairy4020019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, there has been an unprecedented increase in the demand for fermented dairy products due to medical recommendations and lifestyle preferences. Cultured buttermilk, as an ancient fermented dairy beverage, is an appropriate product choice in this context. This study presents a novel cultured buttermilk formulated by fortification with high protein microalgae Spirulina platensis, thus making it valuable and attractive because of its antioxidant properties. The fermentation process, nutraceutical properties, and sensory characteristics of developed cultured buttermilk with various concentrations of Spirulina (0.25, 0.5, and 1%) were compared with the control sample (0% Spirulina buttermilk). Different concentrations of Spirulina in buttermilk result in a significant increase in chlorophyll and carotenoid content, boosting its antioxidant properties. The study also evaluated the prebiotic properties of Spirulina, thus, demonstrating its ability to promote a healthy digestive system. It was found that the addition of 0.25% Spirulina was able to ferment the product more quickly and retained the sensory acceptability of the finished product. The protein content, free radical scavenging activity, chlorophyll, carotenoid, and total phenolic content of 0.25% Spirulina-fortified buttermilk was 1.83%, 48.19%, 30.9 mg/g, 8.24 mg/g, and 4.21 mg/g GAE, respectively. Based on the results obtained, it was concluded that cultured buttermilk with a high nutritional value and functional health benefits can be developed by fortification with 0.25% Spirulina as a natural ingredient.
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Miranda-Apodaca J, Artetxe U, Aguado I, Martin-Souto L, Ramirez-Garcia A, Lacuesta M, Becerril JM, Estonba A, Ortiz-Barredo A, Hernández A, Zarraonaindia I, Pérez-López U. Stress Response to Climate Change and Postharvest Handling in Two Differently Pigmented Lettuce Genotypes: Impact on Alternaria alternata Invasion and Mycotoxin Production. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:1304. [PMID: 36986993 PMCID: PMC10059781 DOI: 10.3390/plants12061304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Many species of Alternaria are important pathogens that cause plant diseases and postharvest rots. They lead to significant economic losses in agriculture and affect human and animal health due to their capacity to produce mycotoxins. Therefore, it is necessary to study the factors that can result in an increase in A. alternata. In this study, we discuss the mechanism by which phenol content protects from A. alternata, since the red oak leaf cultivar (containing higher phenols) showed lower invasion than the green one, Batavia, and no mycotoxin production. A climate change scenario enhanced fungal growth in the most susceptible cultivar, green lettuce, likely because elevated temperature and CO2 levels decrease plant N content, modifying the C/N ratio. Finally, while the abundance of the fungi was maintained at similar levels after keeping the lettuces for four days at 4 °C, this postharvest handling triggered TeA and TEN mycotoxin synthesis, but only in the green cultivar. Therefore, the results demonstrated that invasion and mycotoxin production are cultivar- and temperature-dependent. Further research should be directed to search for resistant cultivars and effective postharvest strategies to reduce the toxicological risk and economic losses related to this fungus, which are expected to increase in a climate change scenario.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jon Miranda-Apodaca
- Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Barrio Sarriena s/n, 48940 Leioa, Spain
| | - Unai Artetxe
- Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Barrio Sarriena s/n, 48940 Leioa, Spain
| | - Iratxe Aguado
- Applied Genomics and Bioinformatics Research Group, Department of Genetics, Physical Anthropology and Animal Physiology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Barrio Sarriena s/n, 48940 Leioa, Spain
| | - Leire Martin-Souto
- Fungal and Bacterial Biomics Research Group, Department of Immunology, Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Barrio Sarriena s/n, 48940 Leioa, Spain
| | - Andoni Ramirez-Garcia
- Fungal and Bacterial Biomics Research Group, Department of Immunology, Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Barrio Sarriena s/n, 48940 Leioa, Spain
| | - Maite Lacuesta
- Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - José María Becerril
- Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Barrio Sarriena s/n, 48940 Leioa, Spain
| | - Andone Estonba
- Applied Genomics and Bioinformatics Research Group, Department of Genetics, Physical Anthropology and Animal Physiology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Barrio Sarriena s/n, 48940 Leioa, Spain
| | - Amaia Ortiz-Barredo
- NEIKER-Basque Institute for Agricultural Research and Development, 01080 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Antonio Hernández
- Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Barrio Sarriena s/n, 48940 Leioa, Spain
| | - Iratxe Zarraonaindia
- Applied Genomics and Bioinformatics Research Group, Department of Genetics, Physical Anthropology and Animal Physiology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Barrio Sarriena s/n, 48940 Leioa, Spain
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Plaza Euskadi 5, 48009 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Usue Pérez-López
- Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Barrio Sarriena s/n, 48940 Leioa, Spain
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Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi Increase Nutritional Quality of Soilless Grown Lettuce while Overcoming Low Phosphorus Supply. Foods 2022; 11:foods11223612. [PMID: 36429202 PMCID: PMC9689368 DOI: 10.3390/foods11223612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Lettuce is widely used for its healthy properties, and it is of interest to increase them with minimal environmental impact. The purpose of this work was to evaluate the effect of the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus (AMF) Funneliformis mosseae in lettuce plants (Lactuca sativa L. cv. Salinas) cultivated in a soilless system with sub-optimal phosphorus (P) compared with non-inoculated controls at two different P concentrations. Results show that lettuce inoculation with the selected AMF can improve the growth and the nutritional quality of lettuce even at sub-optimal P. Leaf content of chlorophylls, carotenoids, and phenols, known as important bioactive compounds for human health, was higher in mycorrhizal lettuce plants compared with non-mycorrhizal plants. The antioxidant capacity in AMF plants showed higher values compared with control plants grown at optimal P nutrition level. Moreover, leaf gas exchanges were higher in inoculated plants than in non-inoculated ones. Nitrogen, P, and magnesium leaf content was significantly higher in mycorrhizal plants compared with non-mycorrhizal plants grown with the same P level. These findings suggest that F. mosseae can stimulate plants growth, improving the nutritional quality of lettuce leaves even when grown with sub-optimal P concentration.
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Chethan Kumar P, Amutha S, Oberoi HS, Kanchana S, Azeez S, Rupa TR. Germination induced changes in bioactive compounds and nutritional components of millets. JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2022; 59:4244-4252. [PMID: 36193464 PMCID: PMC9525461 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-022-05485-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The present study was conducted to compare the nutritional quality and the concentration of bioactive compounds in the flours from dehusked and germinated foxtail, barnyard, and little millets. Germinated millet flours showed significantly higher protein content (11.79-33.49%), total free amino acid content (66-334.87%) and protein solubility (13.83-34%), compared to the dehusked millet flours. The total phenols and flavonoids in the flours from the three germinated millets were significantly higher by about 142.36 and 437.20%, respectively, compared to the flours from the dehusked millets. Mineral content was also found to be higher in the flours from germinated millets in comparison to the flours from dehusked millets. The results of this study showed that the flours from the germinated millets have the potential for their application in development of novel products,because of their enhanced nutritional value. The extracts from the germinated millets have the potential for use as functional ingredients in the development of novel processed fruit beverages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pushpa Chethan Kumar
- Division of Post-Harvest Technology and Agricultural Engineering, ICAR-Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Bengaluru, 560089 India
| | - S. Amutha
- Community Science College & Research Institute, Tamil Nadu Agriculture University, Madurai, 625104 India
| | - Harinder Singh Oberoi
- Division of Post-Harvest Technology and Agricultural Engineering, ICAR-Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Bengaluru, 560089 India
- Food Safety and Standards Authority of India, Kotla Marg, New Delhi, 110002 India
| | - S. Kanchana
- Community Science College & Research Institute, Tamil Nadu Agriculture University, Madurai, 625104 India
| | - Shamina Azeez
- Division of Basic Sciences, ICAR-Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Bengaluru, 560089, India
| | - T. R. Rupa
- Division of Natural Resource Management, ICAR-Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Bengaluru, 560089 India
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Ramiro-Cortijo D, Gila-Diaz A, Herranz Carrillo G, Cañas S, Gil-Ramírez A, Ruvira S, Martin-Cabrejas MA, Arribas SM. Influence of Neonatal Sex on Breast Milk Protein and Antioxidant Content in Spanish Women in the First Month of Lactation. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11081472. [PMID: 36009190 PMCID: PMC9405477 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11081472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Revised: 07/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast milk (BM) is the best food for newborns. Male sex is associated with a higher risk of fetal programming, prematurity, and adverse postnatal outcome, being that BM is an important health determinant. BM composition is dynamic and modified by several factors, including lactation period, prematurity, maternal nutritional status, and others. This study was designed to evaluate the influence of sex on BM composition during the first month of lactation, focused on macronutrients and antioxidants. Forty-eight breastfeeding women and their fifty-five newborns were recruited at the Hospital Clínico San Carlos (Madrid, Spain). Clinical sociodemographic data and anthropometric parameters were collected. BM samples were obtained at days 7, 14, and 28 of lactation to assess fat (Mojonnier method), protein (Bradford method), and biomarkers of oxidative status: total antioxidant capacity (ABTS and FRAP methods), thiol groups, reduced glutathione, superoxide dismutase and catalase activities, lipid peroxidation, and protein oxidation (spectrophotometric methods). Linear mixed models with random effects adjusted by maternal anthropometry, neonatal Z-scores at birth, and gestational age were used to assess the main effects of sex, lactation period, and their interaction. BM from mothers with male neonates exhibited significantly higher protein, ABTS, FRAP, and GSH levels, while catalase showed the opposite trend. No differences between sexes were observed in SOD, total thiols, and oxidative damage biomarkers. Most changes were observed on day 7 of lactation. Adjusted models demonstrated a significant association between male sex and proteins (β = 2.70 ± 1.20; p-Value = 0.048). In addition, total antioxidant capacity by ABTS (β = 0.11 ± 0.06) and GSH (β = 1.82 ± 0.94) showed a positive trend near significance (p-Value = 0.056; p-Value = 0.064, respectively). In conclusion, transitional milk showed sex differences in composition with higher protein and GSH levels in males. This may represent an advantage in the immediate perinatal period, which may help to counteract the worse adaptation of males to adverse intrauterine environments and prematurity.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Ramiro-Cortijo
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, C/Arzobispo Morcillo, 2, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (D.R.-C.); (A.G.-D.); (S.R.)
- Food, Oxidative Stress and Cardiovascular Health (FOSCH) Research Group, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain; (S.C.); (A.G.-R.); (M.A.M.-C.)
| | - Andrea Gila-Diaz
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, C/Arzobispo Morcillo, 2, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (D.R.-C.); (A.G.-D.); (S.R.)
- Food, Oxidative Stress and Cardiovascular Health (FOSCH) Research Group, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain; (S.C.); (A.G.-R.); (M.A.M.-C.)
| | - Gloria Herranz Carrillo
- Division of Neonatology, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), C/Profesor Martin Lagos s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Silvia Cañas
- Food, Oxidative Stress and Cardiovascular Health (FOSCH) Research Group, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain; (S.C.); (A.G.-R.); (M.A.M.-C.)
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry and Food Science, Faculty of Science, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Institute of Food Science Research, CIAL (UAM-CSIC), Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, C/Nicolás Cabrera, 9, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Alicia Gil-Ramírez
- Food, Oxidative Stress and Cardiovascular Health (FOSCH) Research Group, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain; (S.C.); (A.G.-R.); (M.A.M.-C.)
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry and Food Science, Faculty of Science, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Institute of Food Science Research, CIAL (UAM-CSIC), Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, C/Nicolás Cabrera, 9, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Santiago Ruvira
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, C/Arzobispo Morcillo, 2, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (D.R.-C.); (A.G.-D.); (S.R.)
- Food, Oxidative Stress and Cardiovascular Health (FOSCH) Research Group, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain; (S.C.); (A.G.-R.); (M.A.M.-C.)
- PhD Programme in Pharmacology and Physiology, Doctoral School, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - María A. Martin-Cabrejas
- Food, Oxidative Stress and Cardiovascular Health (FOSCH) Research Group, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain; (S.C.); (A.G.-R.); (M.A.M.-C.)
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry and Food Science, Faculty of Science, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Institute of Food Science Research, CIAL (UAM-CSIC), Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, C/Nicolás Cabrera, 9, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Silvia M. Arribas
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, C/Arzobispo Morcillo, 2, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (D.R.-C.); (A.G.-D.); (S.R.)
- Food, Oxidative Stress and Cardiovascular Health (FOSCH) Research Group, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain; (S.C.); (A.G.-R.); (M.A.M.-C.)
- Correspondence:
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10
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Scavenging of ROS After Eugenol Treatment as Mechanism of Slowing Down Membrane Lipid Metabolism to Maintain the Surface Color of Fresh-Cut Yam. FOOD BIOPROCESS TECH 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11947-022-02833-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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11
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He J, Koh DJQ, Qin L. LED spectral quality and NaCl salinity interact to affect growth, photosynthesis and phytochemical production of Mesembryanthemum crystallinum. FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY : FPB 2022; 49:483-495. [PMID: 33972013 DOI: 10.1071/fp20375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The edible halophyte Mesembryanthemum crystallinum L. was grown at different NaCl salinities under different combined red and blue light-emitting diode (LED) light treatments. High salinity (500 mM NaCl) decreased biomass, leaf growth, and leaf water content. Interactions between LED ratio and salinity were detected for shoot biomass and leaf growth. All plants had F v /F m ratios close to 0.8 in dark-adapted leaves, suggesting that they were all healthy with similar maximal efficiency of PSII photochemistry. However, measured under the actinic light near or above the growth light, the electron transport rate (ETR) and photochemical quenching (qP) of M. crystallinum grown at 100 and 250 mM NaCl were higher than at 500 mM NaCl. Grown under red/blue LED ratios of 0.9, M. crystallinum had higher ETR and qP across all salinities indicating higher light energy utilisation. Crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM) was induced in M. crystallinum grown at 500 mM NaCl. CAM-induced leaves had much higher non-photochemical quenching (NPQ), suggesting that NPQ can be used to estimate CAM induction. M. crystallinum grown at 250 and 500 mM NaCl had higher total chlorophyll and carotenoids contents than at 100 mM NaCl. Proline, total soluble sugar, ascorbic acid, and total phenolic compounds were higher in plants at 250 and 500 mM NaCl compared with those at 100 mM NaCl. An interaction between LED ratio and salinity was detected for proline content. Findings of this study suggest that both salinity and light quality affect productivity, photosynthetic light use efficiency, and proline accumulation of M. crystallinum .
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie He
- Natural Sciences and Science Education Academic Group, National Institute of Education, Nanyang Technological University, 1 Nanyang Walk, Singapore 637616; and Corresponding author
| | - Dominic J Q Koh
- Natural Sciences and Science Education Academic Group, National Institute of Education, Nanyang Technological University, 1 Nanyang Walk, Singapore 637616
| | - Lin Qin
- Natural Sciences and Science Education Academic Group, National Institute of Education, Nanyang Technological University, 1 Nanyang Walk, Singapore 637616
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12
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Effects of Nonthermal Plasma (NTP) on the Growth and Quality of Baby Leaf Lettuce (Lactuca sativa var. acephala Alef.) Cultivated in an Indoor Hydroponic Growing System. HORTICULTURAE 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/horticulturae8030251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this research was to develop an effective protocol for the application of nonthermal plasma (NTP) technology to the hydroponic nutrient solution, and to investigate its effects on the growth and quality of baby leaf lettuce (Lactuca sativa var. acephala Alef.) grown in a hydroponic growing system (HGS) specifically designed for indoor home cultivation. Four HGSs were placed in separate growth chambers with temperature of 24 ± 1 °C and relative humidity of 70 ± 5%). Lettuce plants were grown for nine days in nutrient solutions treated with NTP for 0 (control) to 120 s every hour. Results of the first experiments showed that the optimal operating time of NTP was 120 s h−1. Fresh leaf biomass was increased by the 60 and 120 s NTP treatments compared to the control. Treating the nutrient solution with NTP also resulted in greater leaf content of total chlorophylls, carotenoids, total phenols, and total antioxidant capacity. NTP also positively influenced chlorophyll a fluorescence in Photosystem I (PSI) and photosynthetic electron transport. These results revealed that the NTP treatment of the nutrient solution could improve the production and quality of hydroponically grown baby leaf lettuce.
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The Inclusion of Green Light in a Red and Blue Light Background Impact the Growth and Functional Quality of Vegetable and Flower Microgreen Species. HORTICULTURAE 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/horticulturae8030217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
Abstract
Microgreens are edible seedlings of vegetables and flowers species which are currently considered among the five most profitable crops globally. Light-emitting diodes (LEDs) have shown great potential for plant growth, development, and synthesis of health-promoting phytochemicals with a more flexible and feasible spectral manipulation for microgreen production in indoor farms. However, research on LED lighting spectral manipulation specific to microgreen production, has shown high variability in how these edible seedlings behave regarding their light environmental conditions. Hence, developing species-specific LED light recipes for enhancement of growth and valuable functional compounds is fundamental to improve their production system. In this study, various irradiance levels and wavelengths of light spectrum produced by LEDs were investigated for their effect on growth, yield, and nutritional quality in four vegetables (chicory, green mizuna, china rose radish, and alfalfa) and two flowers (french marigold and celosia) of microgreens species. Microgreens were grown in a controlled environment using sole-source light with different photosynthetic photon flux density (110, 220, 340 µmol m−2 s−1) and two different spectra (RB: 65% red, 35% blue; RGB: 47% red, 19% green, 34% blue). At harvest, the lowest level of photosynthetically active photon flux (110 µmol m−2 s−1) reduced growth and decreased the phenolic contents in almost all species. The inclusion of green wavelengths under the highest intensity showed positive effects on phenolic accumulation. Total carotenoid content and antioxidant capacity were in general enhanced by the middle intensity, regardless of spectral combination. Thus, this study indicates that the inclusion of green light at an irradiance level of 340 µmol m−2 s−1 in the RB light environment promotes the growth (dry weight biomass) and the accumulation of bioactive phytochemicals in the majority of the microgreen species tested.
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Effects of Individual and Simultaneous Selenium and Iodine Biofortification of Baby-Leaf Lettuce Plants Grown in Two Different Hydroponic Systems. HORTICULTURAE 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/horticulturae7120590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The iodine (I) and selenium (Se) deficiencies affect approximately 30% and 15%, respectively, of the global population. The biofortification of vegetables is a valid way to increase the intake of iodine and selenium through the diet. This study was carried out on baby-leaf lettuce to investigate the effects on plant growth, leaf quality, and leaf I and Se accumulation of adding potassium iodide and sodium selenate, separately and simultaneously, to the nutrient solution in a floating system and aeroponics. The effect of I and Se biofortification on post-harvest quality of lettuce leaves was also evaluated. Our results evidenced that the Se and I treatments increased the content of the two microelements in lettuce leaves without any negative interactions in the plants, when applied either separately or simultaneously. Both hydroponic systems proved to be suitable for producing Se and/or I enriched lettuce. Biofortification with Se was more effective when performed in aeroponics, whereas I biofortification was more effective in the floating system. Quality of leaves during post-harvest storage was not affected by neither of the treatments. Lettuce leaves enriched with 13 µM Se and 5 µMI could be good dietary sources of Se and I without inducing toxic effects in humans.
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Kaur P, Kaur K, Devgan K, Kumar M, Sandhu K, Kaur A. Potential of low‐dose aqueous ozone treatment and packaging to extend quality and shelf‐life of green pea pods under cold storage. J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.16165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Preetinder Kaur
- Department of Processing and Food Engineering Punjab Agricultural University Ludhiana India
| | - Kulwinder Kaur
- Department of Processing and Food Engineering Punjab Agricultural University Ludhiana India
| | - Kirandeep Devgan
- Department of Processing and Food Engineering Punjab Agricultural University Ludhiana India
| | - Mahesh Kumar
- Department of Processing and Food Engineering Punjab Agricultural University Ludhiana India
| | - Kanchan Sandhu
- Department of Food and Nutrition Punjab Agricultural University Ludhiana India
| | - Amrit Kaur
- Department of Math Stat and Physics Punjab Agricultural University Ludhiana India
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Shokraei S, Khandouzi N, Sina Z, Nasrollahzadeh J. The acute effect of incorporating lettuce or watercress into a moderately high-fat meal on postprandial lipid, glycemic response, and plasma inflammatory cytokines in healthy young men: a randomized crossover trial. Lipids Health Dis 2021; 20:66. [PMID: 34261489 PMCID: PMC8281573 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-021-01487-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Postprandial responses to food mostly depend on the composition of the meal and the consumption of vegetables may modulate this postprandial state. In this study, the effects of lettuce or watercress consumption with a moderately high-fat meal (40% kcal from fat) on postprandial lipemia, glycemia, and inflammatory cytokines were determined in healthy men. METHODS This randomized, 3-arm, crossover study was conducted in sixteen healthy young men with a mean ± SEM age and body mass index (in kg/m2) of 22.8 ± 0.5 years old and 23.7 ± 1.16, respectively. Lettuce and watercress were added to the test meal in portions of 100 g and cellulose was added to the control meal. Thereafter, blood samples were collected by passing 0, 1, 2, 3, and 4 h for analysis. The postprandial response was measured in plasma glucose, triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol, high-density-lipoproteins cholesterol (HDL-C), and low-density-lipoproteins cholesterol (LDL-C), as the area under the postprandial curve (AUC). Moreover, plasma tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) were determined once before and once 4 h after the meal's consumption. RESULTS The 0-4-h AUCs for glucose (385.7, 361.9, and 382.3 mg/dL for the control, lettuce, and watercress meals, respectively) were calculated to be lower when meal was consumed with lettuce compared to the control (P < 0.05) and watercress (P < 0.01) meals. The maximum values of insulin were obtained as 43.8 ± 18.8, 33.5 ± 19.5, and 42.8 ± 17.7 μIU/mL for the control, lettuce, and watercress meals, respectively. As well, the lettuce-containing meal more reduced the AUC for insulin compared with the control (P < 0.05), but not watercress. Notably, plasma TG, total cholesterol, HDL-C, and LDL-C had no significant differences among the meals. Moreover, the levels of plasma IL-6 and TNF-α did not differ among the meals. CONCLUSION In this study on healthy men, the addition of lettuce to a moderately high-fat meal delayed the postprandial glycemic response. However, the effect of the consumption of these vegetables on postprandial responses in subjects with cardiometabolic risk factors remains to be elucidated yet. This clinical trial was registered at the Iran Clinical Trials Registration Office (IRCT) on March 3, 2018, with an ID of IRCT20160702028742N4 ( https://www.irct.ir/user/trial/23233/view ).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahar Shokraei
- Department of Clinical Nutrition & Dietetics, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, 46, Hafezi St., Farahzadi Blvd., Shahrak Qods, P.O.Box: 19395-4741, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nafiseh Khandouzi
- Department of Clinical Nutrition & Dietetics, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, 46, Hafezi St., Farahzadi Blvd., Shahrak Qods, P.O.Box: 19395-4741, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Sina
- Department of Clinical Nutrition & Dietetics, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, 46, Hafezi St., Farahzadi Blvd., Shahrak Qods, P.O.Box: 19395-4741, Tehran, Iran
| | - Javad Nasrollahzadeh
- Department of Clinical Nutrition & Dietetics, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, 46, Hafezi St., Farahzadi Blvd., Shahrak Qods, P.O.Box: 19395-4741, Tehran, Iran.
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Han C, Zhen W, Chen Q, Fu M. UV-C irradiation inhibits surface discoloration and delays quality degradation of fresh-cut stem lettuce. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2021.111533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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18
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Heat Treatment and Wounding as Abiotic Stresses to Enhance the Bioactive Composition of Pineapple By-Products. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/app11094313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Abiotic stress, like heat treatment and wounding, applied to pineapple by-products induce the accumulation of new compounds and add value. In this work the effect of the individual or combined application of wounding and heat treatment stresses on total phenolic content, antioxidant activity through complementary methods (DPPH, FRAP, and ABTS) and enzymatic activity (bromelain, phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) and polyphenol oxidase) were evaluated. Whole and wounded pineapple shell and core were dipped in a hot water bath at 30 ± 1 °C or 40 ± 1 °C for 10 min and stored under refrigeration conditions (4 ± 1 °C) for 24 h or 48 h. Results allowed that pineapple by-products reacted differently to the tested stresses. For the core, the application of wounding and heat treatment (40 °C) before storage (24 h) induced a synergistic effect on the accumulation of phenols (increased 17%) and antioxidant activity (4–22%). For the shell samples, the treatment that most increased the content of phenols (14%) and antioxidant activity (38–45%) was heat treatment at 30 °C and storage for 48 h. Treatments that positively influenced the content of phenols and antioxidant activity of the samples did not affect the activity of bromelain or PAL. This study showed that proper abiotic stresses could increase the functional value of by-products.
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Expiration Date of Ready-to-Eat Salads: Effects on Microbial Load and Biochemical Attributes. Foods 2021; 10:foods10050941. [PMID: 33923060 PMCID: PMC8145991 DOI: 10.3390/foods10050941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
When minimally processed vegetables reach their expiration date, expose an increased microbial load. This includes mainly spoilage microorganisms but also foodborne pathogens, thus affecting the quality and safety of highly consumed ready-to-eat salads. A total of 144 ready-to-eat salads from the Cypriot market were analyzed in an attempt to determine the effects of the expiration date on the microbial load and plant metabolic variables of the salads. Possible correlations between them were also investigated for the first time. Furthermore, the impacts of the season (winter, summer), salad producing companies and type of salad and/or their interactions with the tested parameters were investigated. Results revealed that the microbial load (mainly spoilage microorganisms, such as Pseudomonas spp., yeasts and molds) increased towards the end of the shelf life. The microbial load was differentiated among the five salad producers and/or the salad types, highlighting the importance of a common and safe sanitation-processing chain in the preparation of ready-to-eat salads. Summer was the season in which Escherichia coli counts were found to be higher for plain lettuce, while Staphylococcus spp. was increased numbers for the lettuce+endive/radicchio, lettuce+rocket and lettuce+chives type of salads. Additionally, an increased Staphylococcus spp. was observed for plain rocket salads in winter. All samples examined were found negative for Salmonella enterica and Listeria monocytogenes. Moreover, carbon dioxide production and damage indexes (hydrogen peroxide and lipid peroxidation) increased on expiration date on both winter and summer seasons, indicating plant tissue stress at the end of shelf life. These findings indicate that the expiration date and relevant shelf life of processed vegetables are important parameters to be considered when postharvest management is applied to these products, ensuring safety and quality.
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Xylia P, Chrysargyris A, Tzortzakis N. The Combined and Single Effect of Marjoram Essential Oil, Ascorbic Acid, and Chitosan on Fresh-Cut Lettuce Preservation. Foods 2021; 10:foods10030575. [PMID: 33801834 PMCID: PMC8035693 DOI: 10.3390/foods10030575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Increasing demands by consumers for fresh, nutritional, and convenient food has led to the increase of fresh-cut produce market. Nowadays, there is a turn towards the investigation of natural products (i.e., essential oils, organic acids, and edible coatings) in an effort to lower the usage of chemical synthetic compounds (i.e., chlorine) as postharvest sanitizers. The aim of the present study was to assess the effectiveness of Origanum majorana essential oil (EO), ascorbic acid (AA), chitosan, and their combinations on quality attributes of fresh-cut lettuce stored for six days at 7 °C. When applied, Chitosan+AA resulted to a less acceptable product (visual quality and aroma), while the application of marjoram EO was able to preserve the visual quality of fresh-cut lettuce and at the same time resulted in a pleasant aroma. The application of EO+AA and Chitosan+AA increased total phenolics and antioxidant levels of fresh-cut lettuce on the fourth and sixth day of storage. The EO and EO+AA increased damage index (hydrogen peroxide and lipid peroxidation) of fresh-cut lettuce, while at the same time these treatments decreased the activity of enzymes related with plant tissue browning (i.e., peroxidase activity and polyphenol oxidase). Chitosan decreased total valuable counts and yeasts and molds counts on the sixth day of storage, while EO, AA, EO+Chitosan, and Chitosan+AA decreased yeasts and molds after four days of application. The findings of the present work indicating that the combination of marjoram EO, AA, and chitosan could be considered further as alternative means for fresh-cut produce preservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panayiota Xylia
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Biotechnology and Food Science, Cyprus University of Technology, Limassol 3036, Cyprus
| | - Antonios Chrysargyris
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Biotechnology and Food Science, Cyprus University of Technology, Limassol 3036, Cyprus
| | - Nikolaos Tzortzakis
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Biotechnology and Food Science, Cyprus University of Technology, Limassol 3036, Cyprus
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21
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Li L, Yi P, Li C, Xin M, Sun J, He X, Sheng J, Zhou Z, Zheng F, Li J, Liu G, Ling D, Tang J, Li Z, Yang Y, Tang Y. Influence of polysaccharide-based edible coatings on enzymatic browning and oxidative senescence of fresh-cut lettuce. Food Sci Nutr 2021; 9:888-899. [PMID: 33598172 PMCID: PMC7866572 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.2052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Fresh-cut lettuce has a short shelf-life due to enzymatic browning and oxidative senescence. The present study investigated effects of polysaccharide-based edible coatings (alginate, chitosan, and carrageenan) on enzymatic browning and antioxidant defense system of fresh-cut lettuces during cold storage (4°C) for 15 days. The results showed that three coatings could inhibit enzymatic browning through maintaining total phenolics (TP) content and decreasing polyphenol oxidase (PPO) and phenylalanine ammonialyase (PAL) activities. These coatings also reduced phospholipase D (PLD) and lipoxygenase (LOX) activities, lowered malondialdehyde (MDA) content, and enhanced antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, SOD; peroxidase, POD; catalase, CAT; ascorbate peroxidase, APX) activities. Besides, all coatings positively affected sensory properties of fresh-cut lettuces after 3 days storage. Additionally, among three coating treatments, chitosan coating had the most positive effects on quality of fresh-cut lettuce and was the most suitable coating for retarding enzymatic browning and alleviating membrane oxidative damage. These results indicated that polysaccharide-based edible coatings were helpful to maintain quality, inhibit enzymatic browning, and postpone senescence of fresh-cut lettuce.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Li
- Agro‐food Science and Technology Research InstituteGuangxi Academy of Agricultural SciencesNanningChina
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Fruits and Vegetables Storage‐processing TechnologyNanningChina
| | - Ping Yi
- Agro‐food Science and Technology Research InstituteGuangxi Academy of Agricultural SciencesNanningChina
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Fruits and Vegetables Storage‐processing TechnologyNanningChina
| | - Changbao Li
- Agro‐food Science and Technology Research InstituteGuangxi Academy of Agricultural SciencesNanningChina
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Fruits and Vegetables Storage‐processing TechnologyNanningChina
| | - Ming Xin
- Agro‐food Science and Technology Research InstituteGuangxi Academy of Agricultural SciencesNanningChina
| | - Jian Sun
- Agro‐food Science and Technology Research InstituteGuangxi Academy of Agricultural SciencesNanningChina
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Fruits and Vegetables Storage‐processing TechnologyNanningChina
| | - Xuemei He
- Agro‐food Science and Technology Research InstituteGuangxi Academy of Agricultural SciencesNanningChina
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Fruits and Vegetables Storage‐processing TechnologyNanningChina
| | - Jinfeng Sheng
- Agro‐food Science and Technology Research InstituteGuangxi Academy of Agricultural SciencesNanningChina
| | - Zhugui Zhou
- Agro‐food Science and Technology Research InstituteGuangxi Academy of Agricultural SciencesNanningChina
| | - Fengjin Zheng
- Agro‐food Science and Technology Research InstituteGuangxi Academy of Agricultural SciencesNanningChina
| | - Jiemin Li
- Agro‐food Science and Technology Research InstituteGuangxi Academy of Agricultural SciencesNanningChina
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Fruits and Vegetables Storage‐processing TechnologyNanningChina
| | - Guoming Liu
- Agro‐food Science and Technology Research InstituteGuangxi Academy of Agricultural SciencesNanningChina
| | - Dongning Ling
- Agro‐food Science and Technology Research InstituteGuangxi Academy of Agricultural SciencesNanningChina
| | - Jie Tang
- Agro‐food Science and Technology Research InstituteGuangxi Academy of Agricultural SciencesNanningChina
| | - Zhichun Li
- Agro‐food Science and Technology Research InstituteGuangxi Academy of Agricultural SciencesNanningChina
| | - Ying Yang
- Agro‐food Science and Technology Research InstituteGuangxi Academy of Agricultural SciencesNanningChina
| | - Yayuan Tang
- Agro‐food Science and Technology Research InstituteGuangxi Academy of Agricultural SciencesNanningChina
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Chaubey MG, Chauhan AP, Chokshi PR, Amin RS, Patel SN, Madamwar D, Rastogi RP, Singh NK. Therapeutic potential of bioactive compounds from Punica granatum extracts against aging and complicity of FOXO orthologue DAF-16 in Caenorhabditis elegans. EXCLI JOURNAL 2021; 20:80-98. [PMID: 33510593 PMCID: PMC7838930 DOI: 10.17179/excli2020-3011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Some natural fruits have significant importance in improving health which provides many nutritional supplements essential to maintain proper metabolism with the age. In this study, phytochemical screening of extract (methanolic) of Punica granatum arils, outer and inner peels was confirmed by the respective spot tests. Quantification of phytochemical constituents revealed the plentiful of total phenols in the outer peels in comparison to inner peels and juice whereas total flavonoids and vitamin C are abundant in inner peel and juice, respectively. High-performance liquid chromatography, Gas chromatography along with mass spectrometry and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy analysis revealed the presence of compound 9, 17-octadecadienal, (Z) in the outer/inner peels. A compound N-hexadecanoic acid was also observed in the outer peels. Extracts from every section of the fruits were comprehensively evaluated for their antioxidant activity. Contrary to fruit aril juice, the extracts of outer and inner peels exhibited significant and dose-dependent in vitro antioxidant and radical-scavenging potentials. The supplementation of P. granatum extracts (PGEs) significantly enhanced the lifespan of C. elegans. The protective effect of PGEs was also observed against oxidative stress in C. elegans. Additionally, the involvement of FOXO orthologue DAF-16 dependent longevity was obtained with PGEs (outer peel and inner peel) fed TJ356 worms. Overall, the results indicate the vital role of PGEs especially the extracts of outer peels in life-saving mechanisms of C. elegans by virtue of their antioxidant asset and life-prolonging effects via daf-16 dependent Insulin signaling pathway. See also Figure 1(Fig. 1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mukesh G Chaubey
- Department of Biotechnology, Shri Alpesh N. Patel P.G. Institute of Science and Research, Anand-388001, Gujarat, India
| | - Anita P Chauhan
- Department of Biotechnology, Shri Alpesh N. Patel P.G. Institute of Science and Research, Anand-388001, Gujarat, India
| | - Pooja R Chokshi
- Department of Biotechnology, Shri Alpesh N. Patel P.G. Institute of Science and Research, Anand-388001, Gujarat, India
| | - Rahi S Amin
- Department of Biotechnology, Shri Alpesh N. Patel P.G. Institute of Science and Research, Anand-388001, Gujarat, India
| | - Stuti N Patel
- Post-Graduate Department of Biosciences, UGC-Centre of Advanced Study, Sardar Patel University, Vadtal Road, Satellite Campus, Bakrol, Anand, Gujarat 388 315, India
| | - Datta Madamwar
- P. D. Patel Institute of Applied Sciences, Charotar University of Science and Technology, CHARUSAT campus, Changa 388421, Anand, Gujarat, India
| | - Rajesh P Rastogi
- Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change, Indira Paryavaran Bhawan, New Delhi 110003, India
| | - Niraj Kumar Singh
- Department of Biotechnology, Shri Alpesh N. Patel P.G. Institute of Science and Research, Anand-388001, Gujarat, India
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Inoue A, Izumi H. Influence of Artificial Inoculation with Pseudomonas fluorescens on Enzymatic Browning Reactions of Fresh-cut Potatoes. Biocontrol Sci 2020; 25:215-222. [PMID: 33281179 DOI: 10.4265/bio.25.215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
We initially correlated fluorescent pseudomonads and severity of enzymatic browning on fresh-cut potatoes. Subsequently, we determined the influence of inoculation with Pseudomonas fluorescens following its isolation from the brown tissues on the browning response on fresh-cut potatoes. Bacterial counts on potato slices were higher on browning tissues than on non-browning tissues. P. fluorescens that has been isolated only from the severely browning tissues developed brown discoloration on surface tissues when inoculated onto potato slices. When potato slices were initially inoculated with 103 colony-forming unit (CFU) per mL of P. fluorescens and then stored at 5ºC, bacterial counts, polyphenol oxidase (PPO) activity, phenolic content, and browning severity increased after 3 days of storage. We observed plant PPO derived from potatoes and bacterial PPO released by P. fluorescens and dictated that the plant PPO contributed to browning reactions because only the plant PPO was activated at pH 6-7 that lies in potato tissues. The PPO1 gene that contributed to browning on potatoes was expressed prominently in potato tissues following inoculation with P. fluorescens. These results indicated that P. fluorescens enhanced browning of fresh-cut potatoes by inducing the plant PPO gene, plant PPO activity, and accumulation of phenolics as a biocontrol agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayano Inoue
- Faculty of Biology-Oriented Science and Technology, Kindai University
| | - Hidemi Izumi
- Faculty of Biology-Oriented Science and Technology, Kindai University
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Selenium Enrichment Enhances the Quality and Shelf Life of Basil Leaves. PLANTS 2020; 9:plants9060801. [PMID: 32604830 PMCID: PMC7355943 DOI: 10.3390/plants9060801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Revised: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The biofortification of leafy vegetables with selenium (Se) is a good way to increase human dietary Se intake. In addition, selenium delays plant senescence by enhancing the antioxidant capacity of plant tissues, decreasing postharvest losses. We investigated the effects of selenium addition on the production and quality of sweet basil (Ocimum basilicum) leaves of two harvesting phases, hereafter referred to as cuts, during the crop cycle. Plants were hydroponically grown and treated with 0 (control), 4, 8 and 12 mg Se L−1 as selenate. To evaluate the growth, nutritional value and quality of the basil leaves, selected qualitative parameters were determined at harvest and after five days of storage. Application of Se at varying rates (4, 8 and 12 mg L−1) was associated with an increased leaf selenium concentration in the first, but not the second cut. The application of Se significantly affected the antioxidant capacity as well as the total phenol and rosmarinic acid contents at harvest. The reduction in ethylene production observed in the plants at 4 mg Se L−1 after five days of storage suggests that this Se treatment could be used to prolong and enhance the shelf-life of basil. The daily consumption of 10 g of Se-enriched basil leaves, which, as an example, are contained in a single portion of Italian pesto sauce, would also satisfy the recommended selenium supplementation in humans.
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Lafarga T, Villaró S, Rivera A, Bobo G, Aguiló-Aguayo I. Bioaccessibility of polyphenols and antioxidant capacity of fresh or minimally processed modern or traditional lettuce ( Lactuca sativa L.) varieties. Journal of Food Science and Technology 2020; 57:754-763. [PMID: 32116384 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-019-04108-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Modern city lifestyle is characterized by an increased demand for fresh or minimally processed foods. Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.), mainly iceberg lettuce, is the main vegetable used during the manufacture of fresh-cut salads. The current study evaluated the phenolic content and antioxidant activity of ten fresh and minimally processed lettuce varieties. The phenolic content of selected lettuce samples varied significantly among varieties. Although a higher phenolic content was observed in modern lettuce varieties, when compared to the traditional ones (except for the landrace Francès 219/855), the antioxidant capacity of modern and traditional lettuce varieties was similar. Minimal processing followed by storage for a 7-day period led to an increased phenolic content in varieties Rutilaï RZ, Abago RZ, Maravilla LS044, Francès 219/855, Negre borratger 386/935, and D'hivern LS008, supporting the hypothesis that wounding can induce the accumulation of phenolic compounds in lettuce leaves. For example, the total phenolic content of Francès 219/855 after processing and storage increased from 8.3 to 11.3 mg/100 g (p < 0.05). Accumulation of phenolic compounds after minimal processing was not observed in all the studied samples, suggesting that this effect could be matrix-dependant. The amount of bioaccessible polyphenols was higher after minimal processing and storage. Indeed, the amount of bioaccessible polyphenols after a simulated gastrointestinal digestion of fresh or minimally processed Pelikan lettuce was calculated as 32.6 or 43.3 mg/100 g respectively (p < 0.05), suggesting that the increased amount of polyphenols caused by processing and storage can also lead to a higher amount of bioaccessible phenolic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomás Lafarga
- Postharvest Programme, Institute of Agrifood Research and Technology (IRTA), 25003 Lleida, Spain
| | - Silvia Villaró
- Postharvest Programme, Institute of Agrifood Research and Technology (IRTA), 25003 Lleida, Spain
| | - Ana Rivera
- Fundació Miquel Agustí, Campus del Baix Llobregat, 08860 Castelldefels, Spain
| | - Gloria Bobo
- Postharvest Programme, Institute of Agrifood Research and Technology (IRTA), 25003 Lleida, Spain
| | - Ingrid Aguiló-Aguayo
- Postharvest Programme, Institute of Agrifood Research and Technology (IRTA), 25003 Lleida, Spain
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Incrocci L, Carmassi G, Maggini R, Poli C, Saidov D, Tamburini C, Kiferle C, Perata P, Pardossi A. Iodine Accumulation and Tolerance in Sweet Basil ( Ocimum basilicum L.) With Green or Purple Leaves Grown in Floating System Technique. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:1494. [PMID: 31921224 PMCID: PMC6930681 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.01494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Iodine deficiency is a serious world-wide public health problem, as it is responsible for mental retardation and other diseases. The use of iodine-biofortified vegetables represents a strategic alternative to iodine enriched salt for people with a low sodium diet. However, at high concentrations iodine can be toxic to plants. Therefore, research on plant iodine toxicity is fundamental for the development of appropriate biofortification protocols. In this work, we compared two cultivars of sweet basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) with different iodine tolerance: "Tigullio," less tolerant, with green leaves, and "Red Rubin," more tolerant and with purple leaves. Four greenhouse hydroponic experiments were conducted in spring and in summer with different concentrations of iodine in the nutrient solution (0.1, 10, 50, 100, and 200 μM), supplied as potassium iodide (KI) or potassium iodate (KIO3). Plant growth was not affected either by 10 μM KI or by 100 μM KIO3, while KI concentrations higher than 50 μM significantly reduced leaf area, total plant dry matter and plant height. The severity of symptoms increased with time depending on the cultivar and the form of iodine applied. Growth inhibition by toxic iodine concentrations was more severe in "Tigullio" than in "Red Rubin," and KI was much more phytotoxic than KIO3. Leaf iodine concentration increased with the iodine concentration in the nutrient solution in both varieties, while the total antioxidant power was generally higher in the purple variety. In both basil cultivars, a strong negative correlation was found between the photosynthesis and the leaf iodine content, with significant differences between the regression lines for "Tigullio" and "Red Rubin." In conclusion, the greater tolerance to iodine of the "Red Rubin" variety was associated with the ability to withstand higher concentrations of iodine in leaf tissues, rather than to a reduced accumulation of this element in the leaves. The high phenolic content of "Red Rubin" could contribute to the iodine tolerance of this purple cultivar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Incrocci
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Giulia Carmassi
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Rita Maggini
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Caterina Poli
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Chiara Tamburini
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Claudia Kiferle
- Plantlab, Institute of Life Sciences, Sant’Anna School of Advanced Studies, Pisa, Italy
| | - Pierdomenico Perata
- Plantlab, Institute of Life Sciences, Sant’Anna School of Advanced Studies, Pisa, Italy
| | - Alberto Pardossi
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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Ozone and Wounding Stresses Differently Alter the Temporal Variation in Formylated Phloroglucinols in Eucalyptus globulus Leaves. Metabolites 2019; 9:metabo9030046. [PMID: 30845742 PMCID: PMC6468632 DOI: 10.3390/metabo9030046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Revised: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Formylated phloroglucinol compounds (FPCs) are a class of plant specialized metabolite present in the Myrtaceae family, especially in the genus Eucalyptus. FPCs are widely investigated due to their herbivore deterrence properties and various bioactivities of pharmaceutical relevance. Despite the increasing number of studies elucidating new FPCs structures and bioactivity, little is known about the role of those compounds in planta, and the effects of environmental stresses on FPC concentration. Ozone (O3) and wounding are key stress factors regularly confronted by plants. In this study, we investigated how O3, wounding, and their combination affected individual and total FPC foliar concentration of the economically important species Eucalyptus globulus. Six individual FPCs, including five macrocarpals and one sideroxylonal, showed different response patterns to the single and combined stresses. Total macrocarpals only increased under single O3 treatment, whereas total sideroxylonals only increased in response to wounding treatment, suggesting different physiological roles played by the two groups of FPCs predominantly existing in E. globulus foliage. Total FPCs increased significantly under individual wounding and O3 treatments but not under the combined treatment. A principal component analysis indicated that all different treatments had unique FPC fingerprints. Total phenolic contents increased in all O3 and wounding treatments, and a marginally positive correlation was found between total FPCs and total phenolic contents. We suggest that, depending on the concentration and composition, FPCs play multiple physiological roles in planta, including serving as antioxidants to scavenge the reactive oxygen species brought about by O3 and wounding stresses.
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Effect of Plasma Exposure Time on the Polyphenolic Profile and Antioxidant Activity of Fresh-Cut Apples. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/app8101939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) has shown good potentiality for the decontamination and stabilization of fresh fruit and vegetable products; however, information about its effect on nutritional quality is still scarce. The aim of this research was to evaluate the impact of a form of indirect treatment known as Dielectric Barrier Discharge (DBD) on apple slices—more specifically, the polyphenolic profile and antioxidant activity of fresh-cut Pink Lady apples. Atmospheric plasma was generated using air as feed gas, and directed to apple slices for up to 30 min. The effect of plasma treatment on physico-chemical parameters was mainly observed as a slight acidification of the tissue and reduction of browning after an extended period of exposure. The samples’ phenolic profile was significantly affected after 10 min of treatment, both in quantitative (an approximately 20% increase) and qualitative terms, while with increasing exposure time a progressive decrease of all polyphenol classes was observed. The antioxidant activity, evaluated by different in-vitro methods, followed a similar trend, increasing after 10 min of processing and then decreasing. Results highlighted how plasma exposure promotes a metabolic response of the fresh tissue, and the importance of carefully controlling the exposure time in order to minimize the loss of nutritional properties.
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Wieczyńska J, Cavoski I. Antimicrobial, antioxidant and sensory features of eugenol, carvacrol and trans-anethole in active packaging for organic ready-to-eat iceberg lettuce. Food Chem 2018; 259:251-260. [PMID: 29680052 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.03.137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2017] [Revised: 03/26/2018] [Accepted: 03/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
In this study, bio-based emitting sachets containing eugenol (EUG), carvacrol (CAR) and trans-anethole (ANT) were inserted into cellulose (CE) and polypropylene (PP) pillow packages of organic ready-to-eat (RTE) iceberg lettuce to investigate their functional features. EUG, CAR and ANT sachets in CE; and CAR in PP packages showed antimicrobial activities against coliforms (Δlog CFU g-1 of -1.38, -0.91, -0.93 and -0.93, respectively). EUG and ANT sachets in both packages reduced discoloration (ΔE of 9.5, 1.8, 9.4 and 5.6, respectively). ANT in both, and EUG only in PP packages induced biosynthesis of caffeoyl derivatives (CaTA, DiCaTA, DiCaQA), total phenolics and antioxidant activity (FRAP). Also, ANT and EUG in both packages improved overall freshness and odor. Principal component analysis separated ANT and EUG from CAR in both packages. The Pearson correlation confirmed that overall quality improvements were more pronounced by ANT inside the packages in comparison to EUG and CAR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justyna Wieczyńska
- CIHEAM Bari - Mediterranean Agronomic Institute of Bari, 9 Via Ceglie, Valenzano, BA 70010, Italy.
| | - Ivana Cavoski
- CIHEAM Bari - Mediterranean Agronomic Institute of Bari, 9 Via Ceglie, Valenzano, BA 70010, Italy.
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Kongwong P, Morozova K, Ferrentino G, Poonlarp P, Scampicchio M. Rapid Determination of the Antioxidant Capacity of Lettuce by an E-Tongue Based on Flow Injection Coulometry. ELECTROANAL 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.201700354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Pratsanee Kongwong
- Free University of Bozen-Bolzano; Faculty of Science and Technology; Universitätsplatz 5 39100 Bolzano Italy
- Division of Food Science and Technology; Faculty of Agro-Industry Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai; 50100 Thailand
| | - Ksenia Morozova
- Free University of Bozen-Bolzano; Faculty of Science and Technology; Universitätsplatz 5 39100 Bolzano Italy
| | - Giovanna Ferrentino
- Free University of Bozen-Bolzano; Faculty of Science and Technology; Universitätsplatz 5 39100 Bolzano Italy
| | - Pichaya Poonlarp
- Division of Food Engineering; Faculty of Agro-Industry Chiang Mai University; Chiang Mai 50100 Thailand
| | - Matteo Scampicchio
- Free University of Bozen-Bolzano; Faculty of Science and Technology; Universitätsplatz 5 39100 Bolzano Italy
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Modeling the Impact of the Type of Cutting and Storage Temperature on the Bioactive Compound Content, Phenylpropanoid Metabolism Enzymes and Quality Attributes of Fresh-Cut Strawberries. FOOD BIOPROCESS TECH 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s11947-017-1996-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Djekic I, Vunduk J, Tomašević I, Kozarski M, Petrovic P, Niksic M, Pudja P, Klaus A. Total quality index of Agaricus bisporus mushrooms packed in modified atmosphere. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2017; 97:3013-3021. [PMID: 27859282 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.8142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2016] [Revised: 10/10/2016] [Accepted: 11/15/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to develop a total quality index and examine the effects of modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) on the quality of Agaricus bisporus mushrooms stored for 22 days at 4 °C. Mushrooms were packaged under three MAPs: high nitrogen packaging (HNP), low carbon dioxide packaging (LCP) and low oxygen packaging (LOP). Passive MAP with air inside initially was used as the atmosphere treatment (AIR). RESULTS This research revealed two phases in quality deterioration of A. bisporus mushrooms. During the first week, most of the quality parameters were not statistically different. Thereafter, odor intensities were stronger for all four types of packaging. Color difference and browning index values showed significantly lower color changes for AIR and LOP compared with HNP and LCP mushrooms. CONCLUSION The best total quality index was calculated for LOP, followed by LCP and AIR. The findings of this study are useful with respect to examining two-component MAPs, separating the limiting factors (O2 and CO2 ) and evaluating quality deterioration effects and the total quality index of A. bisporus mushrooms. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilija Djekic
- Department of Food Safety and Quality Management, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Republic of Serbia
| | - Jovana Vunduk
- Institute for Food Technology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Republic of Serbia
| | - Igor Tomašević
- Department of Animal Origin Products Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Republic of Serbia
| | - Maja Kozarski
- Institute for Food Technology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Republic of Serbia
| | - Predrag Petrovic
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Republic of Serbia
| | - Miomir Niksic
- Institute for Food Technology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Republic of Serbia
| | - Predrag Pudja
- Department of Animal Origin Products Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Republic of Serbia
| | - Anita Klaus
- Institute for Food Technology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Republic of Serbia
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Bulgari R, Morgutti S, Cocetta G, Negrini N, Farris S, Calcante A, Spinardi A, Ferrari E, Mignani I, Oberti R, Ferrante A. Evaluation of Borage Extracts As Potential Biostimulant Using a Phenomic, Agronomic, Physiological, and Biochemical Approach. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:935. [PMID: 28638392 PMCID: PMC5461430 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.00935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2017] [Accepted: 05/19/2017] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Biostimulants are substances able to improve water and nutrient use efficiency and counteract stress factors by enhancing primary and secondary metabolism. Premise of the work was to exploit raw extracts from leaves (LE) or flowers (FE) of Borago officinalis L., to enhance yield and quality of Lactuca sativa 'Longifolia,' and to set up a protocol to assess their effects. To this aim, an integrated study on agronomic, physiological and biochemical aspects, including also a phenomic approach, has been adopted. Extracts were diluted to 1 or 10 mL L-1, sprayed onto lettuce plants at the middle of the growing cycle and 1 day before harvest. Control plants were treated with water. Non-destructive analyses were conducted to assess the effect of extracts on biomass with an innovative imaging technique, and on leaf photosynthetic efficiency (chlorophyll a fluorescence and leaf gas exchanges). At harvest, the levels of ethylene, photosynthetic pigments, nitrate, and primary (sucrose and total sugars) and secondary (total phenols and flavonoids) metabolites, including the activity and levels of phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) were assessed. Moreover, a preliminary study of the effects during postharvest was performed. Borage extracts enhanced the primary metabolism by increasing leaf pigments and photosynthetic activity. Plant fresh weight increased upon treatments with 10 mL L-1 doses, as correctly estimated by multi-view angles images. Chlorophyll a fluorescence data showed that FEs were able to increase the number of active reaction centers per cross section; a similar trend was observed for the performance index. Ethylene was three-fold lower in FEs treatments. Nitrate and sugar levels did not change in response to the different treatments. Total flavonoids and phenols, as well as the total protein levels, the in vitro PAL specific activity, and the levels of PAL-like polypeptides were increased by all borage extracts, with particular regard to FEs. FEs also proved efficient in preventing degradation and inducing an increase in photosynthetic pigments during storage. In conclusion, borage extracts, with particular regard to the flower ones, appear to indeed exert biostimulant effects on lettuce; future work will be required to further investigate on their efficacy in different conditions and/or species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Bulgari
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences – Production, Landscape, Agroenergy, Università degli Studi di MilanoMilan, Italy
| | - Silvia Morgutti
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences – Production, Landscape, Agroenergy, Università degli Studi di MilanoMilan, Italy
| | - Giacomo Cocetta
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences – Production, Landscape, Agroenergy, Università degli Studi di MilanoMilan, Italy
| | - Noemi Negrini
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences – Production, Landscape, Agroenergy, Università degli Studi di MilanoMilan, Italy
| | - Stefano Farris
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional SciencesUniversità degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Aldo Calcante
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences – Production, Landscape, Agroenergy, Università degli Studi di MilanoMilan, Italy
| | - Anna Spinardi
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences – Production, Landscape, Agroenergy, Università degli Studi di MilanoMilan, Italy
| | - Enrico Ferrari
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences – Production, Landscape, Agroenergy, Università degli Studi di MilanoMilan, Italy
| | - Ilaria Mignani
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences – Production, Landscape, Agroenergy, Università degli Studi di MilanoMilan, Italy
| | - Roberto Oberti
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences – Production, Landscape, Agroenergy, Università degli Studi di MilanoMilan, Italy
| | - Antonio Ferrante
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences – Production, Landscape, Agroenergy, Università degli Studi di MilanoMilan, Italy
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Makris DP, Kefalas P. Association Between In Vitro Antiradical Activity and Ferric Reducing Power in Aged Red Wines: A Mechanistic Approach. FOOD SCI TECHNOL INT 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/1082013205051265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Polyphenolic phytochemicals present in certain plant tissues exhibit multifunctional properties, in terms of expressing in vitroantioxidant activity. In the case of wines, which can be considered as very complex mixtures of polyphenols, a trend has been revealed by previous studies regarding the correlation of values from antioxidant tests based on different chemical backgrounds. In this respect, 25 aged red wines, along with some characteristic polyphenolic antioxidants, were employed to carry out specific antioxidant tests, including the widely used DPPH• stable radical and a ferric reducing assay. The results showed that the values arising from these two tests correlated very well (r2 0.8761) at a 99.9% significance level (p<0.001). On such a basis, and using the information derived from the examination of the pure components, the findings were discussed from a mechanistic point of view to examine whether particular red wine constituents are responsible for the antioxidant behaviour observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- D. P. Makris
- Department of Enology and Beverage Technology Technological Educational Institute of Athens. Ag. Spyridona Str., 12210, Egaleo, Athens, Greece
| | - P. Kefalas
- Department of Food Quality Management and Chemistry of Natural Products Mediterranean Agronomic Institute of Chania. P.O. Box 85, 73100, Chania, Greece
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Storage quality of shelled green peas under modified atmosphere packaging at different storage conditions. JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2016; 53:1640-8. [PMID: 27570289 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-015-2066-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 08/20/2015] [Accepted: 10/21/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Storage quality of shelled green peas (Pisum sativum var. sativum L) was investigated under modified atmosphere packaging (MAP: perforated and non perforated) compared to unsealed samples, respectively, at T1 (4 ± 1 °C and 94 ± 2 % RH) and T2 (10 ± 1 °C and 90 ± 2 % RH) for each sample and during period of storage (8, 16 and 24 days). Modified atmosphere (MA) was created using low density polyethylene (LDPE) film packages having 107 μm of film thickness and package size of 0.022 m(2). Quality parameters viz., weight loss (WL), total phenolic content (TPC), instrumental colour, ascorbic acid (AA) and sensory characteristics were evaluated during storage period. Weight loss was in the range of 0.18 to 3.54 (zero perforation at T1), 0.21 to 6.48(unsealed samples at T2) and 0.31 to 9.64 % (zero perforation at T1) after 8, 16 and 24 days of storage, respectively. Total phenolic content significantly increased to 102.47-161.54 mg/100 g from an initial value of 91.53 mg/100 g for all the samples and treatments studied. The MAP non perforated sample stored at T2 recorded maximum Hunter 'L' and '-a' colour values than all other samples. A significant decrease in AA content was observed in all the samples with maximum loss (53.77 %) in unsealed sample stored at T2, whereas MAP (3 perforations) sample stored at T1 retained maximum AA (90.50 %). Sensory quality analysis revealed that MAP (3 perforations) sample stored at T1 was in acceptable quality, with good appearance and overall acceptance. The study shows that shelled green peas can be stored in MAP with 3 perforations (0.4 mm dia) in the temperature range of 4 to 10 °C and 90-94 % RH to extend shelf life with marketable quality for 24 days.
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Fugate KK, Ribeiro WS, Lulai EC, Deckard EL, Finger FL. Cold Temperature Delays Wound Healing in Postharvest Sugarbeet Roots. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:499. [PMID: 27148322 PMCID: PMC4830815 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.00499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2015] [Accepted: 03/29/2016] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Storage temperature affects the rate and extent of wound-healing in a number of root and tuber crops. The effect of storage temperature on wound-healing in sugarbeet (Beta vulgaris L.) roots, however, is largely unknown. Wound-healing of sugarbeet roots was investigated using surface-abraded roots stored at 6 and 12°C for 28 days. Surface abrasions are common injuries of stored roots, and the storage temperatures used are typical of freshly harvested or rapidly cooled roots. Transpiration rate from the wounded surface and root weight loss were used to quantify wound healing. At 12°C, transpiration rate from the wounded surface declined within 14 days and wounded roots lost weight at a rate similar to unwounded controls. At 6°C, transpiration rate from the wounded surface did not decline in the 28 days after injury, and wounded roots lost 44% more weight than controls after 28 days storage. Melanin formation, lignification, and suberization occurred more rapidly at 12°C than at 6°C, and a continuous layer of lignified and suberized cells developed at 12°C, but not at 6°C. Examination of enzyme activities involved in melanin, lignin, and suberin formation indicated that differences in melanin formation at 6 and 12°C were related to differences in polyphenol oxidase activity, although no relationships between suberin or lignin formation and phenylalanine ammonia lyase or peroxidase activity were evident. Wound-induced respiration was initially greater at 12°C than at 6°C. However, with continued storage, respiration rate of wounded roots declined more rapidly at 12°C, and over 28 days, the increase in respiration due to injury was 52% greater in roots stored at 6°C than in roots stored at 12°C. The data indicate that storage at 6°C severely slowed and impaired wound-healing of surface-abraded sugarbeet roots relative to roots stored at 12°C and suggest that postharvest losses may be accelerated if freshly harvested roots are cooled too quickly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen K. Fugate
- Northern Crop Science Laboratory, United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research ServiceFargo, ND, USA
| | | | - Edward C. Lulai
- Northern Crop Science Laboratory, United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research ServiceFargo, ND, USA
| | - Edward L. Deckard
- Department of Plant Sciences, North Dakota State UniversityFargo, ND, USA
| | - Fernando L. Finger
- Departamento de Fitotecnia, Universidade Federal de ViçosaViçosa, Brazil
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Nayak B, Liu RH, Tang J. Effect of processing on phenolic antioxidants of fruits, vegetables, and grains--a review. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2016; 55:887-919. [PMID: 24915381 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2011.654142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 219] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the influence of processing operations such as drying/dehydration, canning, extrusion, high hydrostatic pressure, pulsed electric field, and ohmic heating on the phytochemicals of fruits, vegetables, and grains is important in retaining the health benefiting properties of these antioxidative compounds in processed food products. Most of the previous investigations in the literature on the antioxidants of fruits, vegetables, and grains have shown that food-processing operations reduced the antioxidants of the processed foods, which is also the usual consumer perception. However, in the last decade some articles in the literature reported that the evaluation of nutritional quality of processed fruits and vegetables not only depend on the quantity of vitamin C but should include analyses of other antioxidant phytochemicals and antioxidant activity. Thermal processing increased the total antioxidant activity of tomato and sweet corn. Most importantly, analysis also depends on the condition, type, and mechanism of antioxidant assays used. This review aims to provide concise information on the influence of various thermal and nonthermal food-processing operations on the stability and kinetics of health beneficial phenolic antioxidants of fruits, vegetables, and grains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balunkeswar Nayak
- a Department of Food Science and Technology , University of Nebraska , Lincoln , NE , USA
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Damerum A, Selmes SL, Biggi GF, Clarkson GJJ, Rothwell SD, Truco MJ, Michelmore RW, Hancock RD, Shellcock C, Chapman MA, Taylor G. Elucidating the genetic basis of antioxidant status in lettuce (Lactuca sativa). HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2015; 2:15055. [PMID: 26640696 PMCID: PMC4660231 DOI: 10.1038/hortres.2015.55] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2015] [Revised: 10/21/2015] [Accepted: 10/21/2015] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
A diet rich in phytonutrients from fruit and vegetables has been acknowledged to afford protection against a range of human diseases, but many of the most popular vegetables are low in phytonutrients. Wild relatives of crops may contain allelic variation for genes determining the concentrations of these beneficial phytonutrients, and therefore understanding the genetic basis of this variation is important for breeding efforts to enhance nutritional quality. In this study, lettuce recombinant inbred lines, generated from a cross between wild and cultivated lettuce (Lactuca serriola and Lactuca sativa, respectively), were analysed for antioxidant (AO) potential and important phytonutrients including carotenoids, chlorophyll and phenolic compounds. When grown in two environments, 96 quantitative trait loci (QTL) were identified for these nutritional traits: 4 for AO potential, 2 for carotenoid content, 3 for total chlorophyll content and 87 for individual phenolic compounds (two per compound on average). Most often, the L. serriola alleles conferred an increase in total AOs and metabolites. Candidate genes underlying these QTL were identified by BLASTn searches; in several cases, these had functions suggesting involvement in phytonutrient biosynthetic pathways. Analysis of a QTL on linkage group 3, which accounted for >30% of the variation in AO potential, revealed several candidate genes encoding multiple MYB transcription factors which regulate flavonoid biosynthesis and flavanone 3-hydroxylase, an enzyme involved in the biosynthesis of the flavonoids quercetin and kaempferol, which are known to have powerful AO activity. Follow-up quantitative RT-PCR of these candidates revealed that 5 out of 10 genes investigated were significantly differentially expressed between the wild and cultivated parents, providing further evidence of their potential involvement in determining the contrasting phenotypes. These results offer exciting opportunities to improve the nutritional content and health benefits of lettuce through marker-assisted breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annabelle Damerum
- Centre for Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Life Sciences, University Road, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Stacey L Selmes
- Centre for Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Life Sciences, University Road, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Gaia F Biggi
- Centre for Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Life Sciences, University Road, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Graham JJ Clarkson
- Centre for Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Life Sciences, University Road, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK
- Vitacress Limited, Lower Link Farm, St Mary Bourne, Andover, Hampshire SP11 6DB, UK
| | - Steve D Rothwell
- Vitacress Limited, Lower Link Farm, St Mary Bourne, Andover, Hampshire SP11 6DB, UK
| | - Maria José Truco
- The Genome Centre and the Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Richard W Michelmore
- The Genome Centre and the Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | | | | | - Mark A Chapman
- Centre for Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Life Sciences, University Road, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Gail Taylor
- Centre for Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Life Sciences, University Road, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK
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High Intensity Ultrasound as an Abiotic Elicitor—Effects on Antioxidant Capacity and Overall Quality of Romaine Lettuce. FOOD BIOPROCESS TECH 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s11947-015-1616-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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41
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Phenolics and polyphenolics in foods, beverages and spices: Antioxidant activity and health effects – A review. J Funct Foods 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2015.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1440] [Impact Index Per Article: 160.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
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Nitric oxide prevents wound-induced browning and delays senescence through inhibition of hydrogen peroxide accumulation in fresh-cut lettuce. INNOV FOOD SCI EMERG 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ifset.2015.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Ghorbani A, Sadeghnia HR, Asadpour E. Mechanism of protective effect of lettuce against glucose/serum deprivation-induced neurotoxicity. Nutr Neurosci 2015; 18:103-9. [PMID: 24621063 DOI: 10.1179/1476830513y.0000000107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The present study investigated the protective effect of ethyl acetate fraction of lettuce (Lactuca sativa) against glucose/serum deprivation (GSD)-induced neurotoxicity, a model which simulates neuronal damage during ischemia. METHODS Two neuron-like cells, N2a and PC12, were cultivated for 12 hours in GSD condition in the absence or presence of the lettuce fraction. The cell viability, DNA damage, and proapoptotic or antiapoptotic proteins levels were determined using MTT, comet, and immunoblotting assays, respectively. In addition, the intracellular reactive oxygen species and lipid peroxidation levels were measured by fluorimetric methods. RESULTS In both N2a and PC12 cells, GSD condition significantly decreased the cell viability which was accompanied by increased intracellular reactive oxygen species production, lipid peroxidation level, and oxidative DNA damage. All the GSD-induced neurotoxic changes were inhibited by the lettuce fraction. Lettuce also suppressed the elevated Bax and caspase-3 proteins and decreased Bcl-2 induced by GSD in PC12 cells. DISCUSSION The present study revealed that lettuce exerts neuroprotective effect through decrease of oxidative stress and inhibition of proapoptotic pathways. Therefore, it has the potential to be used for the management of ischemia-induced neuronal damage.
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Viacava GE, Roura SI, Agüero MV. Antioxidant activity of butterhead lettuce: evaluation of significant factors affecting antioxidant extraction and quantification. JOURNAL OF FOOD MEASUREMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s11694-015-9225-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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45
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Non-destructive evaluation of quality and ammonia content in whole and fresh-cut lettuce by computer vision system. Food Res Int 2014; 64:647-655. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2014.07.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2014] [Revised: 07/17/2014] [Accepted: 07/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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46
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Hu J, Yang L, Wu W, Li Y, Zhan L. Slicing increases antioxidant capacity of fresh-cut lotus root (Nelumbo nuciferaG.) slices by accumulating total phenols. Int J Food Sci Technol 2014. [DOI: 10.1111/ijfs.12563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jinqiang Hu
- School of Food and Bioengineering; Zhengzhou University of Light Industry; Zhengzhou 450002 China
| | - Lianzhi Yang
- College of Chemical and Food Engineering; Zhongzhou University; Zhengzhou 450044 China
| | - Wenjiang Wu
- College of Food Science and Technology; Henan Agricultural University; Zhengzhou 450002 China
| | - Ying Li
- College of Food Science and Technology; Henan Agricultural University; Zhengzhou 450002 China
| | - Lijuan Zhan
- College of Food Science and Technology; Henan Agricultural University; Zhengzhou 450002 China
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Kavitha P, Shivashankara KS, Rao VK, Sadashiva AT, Ravishankar KV, Sathish GJ. Genotypic variability for antioxidant and quality parameters among tomato cultivars, hybrids, cherry tomatoes and wild species. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2014; 94:993-9. [PMID: 24037905 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.6359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2013] [Revised: 08/02/2013] [Accepted: 08/22/2013] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Wide germplasm diversity and transferability of antioxidant parameters is the primary requirement for the development of high-antioxidant tomato cultivars. The present study was conducted to screen tomato genotypes including hybrids, varieties, cherry tomatoes, wild species, elite germplasm lines, interspecific hybrids and backcross populations for antioxidant activity and other quality parameters to select high-antioxidant lines with good total soluble solids (TSS) for further usage in crop improvement programmes. RESULTS Wild species and interspecific hybrids between LA-1777 (Solanum habrochaites) and an elite genotype 15SBSB recorded very high antioxidant capacity (FRAP), DPPH radical-scavenging ability, and high phenols and flavonoids. Interspecific hybrids also recorded very high total soluble solids (TSS). Significantly higher total carotenoids, lycopene and vitamin C were observed in IIHR-249-1 with moderately higher TSS. Cherry tomato lines IIHR-2866, 2865 and 2864 recorded four to five times more β-carotene than commercial hybrids/varieties. CONCLUSION Tomato line IIHR-249-1 can be used for improving antioxidant capacity, total carotenoids and lycopene in tomato breeding programmes. Cherry tomato lines IIHR-2866, 2865 and 2864 can be used for improving β-carotene content. LA-1777 and interspecific hybrids could be used for developing tomato lines rich in antioxidants as well as TSS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pillakenchappa Kavitha
- Division of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Bangalore, 560 089, India
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Campanini MZ, Custódio DL, Ivan ALM, Martins SM, Paranzini MJR, Martinez RM, Verri WA, Vicentini FTMC, Arakawa NS, de J. Faria T, Baracat MM, Casagrande R, Georgetti SR. Topical formulations containing Pimenta pseudocaryophyllus extract: In vitro antioxidant activity and in vivo efficacy against UV-B-induced oxidative stress. AAPS PharmSciTech 2014; 15:86-95. [PMID: 24249253 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-013-0049-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2013] [Accepted: 10/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Pimenta pseudocaryophyllus is a Brazilian native plant that presents high concentrations of flavonoids and other polyphenolic compounds. Herein, we evaluated: (1) the chemical properties of P. pseudocaryophyllus ethanolic extract (PPE), (2) the in vitro antioxidant activity (AA) of PPE and of two different topical formulations (F1 and F2) containing PPE, (3) physico-chemical and functional stability, (4) in vitro release of PPE, and (5) in vivo capacity of formulations to prevent UV-B irradiation-induced skin damage. Results show that the polyphenol and flavonoid contents in PPE were 199.33 and 28.32 mg/g, respectively, and HPLC results show the presence of eugenol, tannic acid, and rutin. Evaluation of the in vitro AA of PPE demonstrated a dose-dependent effect and an IC50 of 4.75 μg/mL in 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 3.0 μg/mL in 2,2'-azinobis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) assays. The ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP assay) was 0.046 μmol/L trolox equivalent/μg/mL of extract. Among the AA, only the capacity to scavenge DPPH radical of PPE was maintained in F1 and F2. In addition, both formulations satisfactorily released the extract. The evaluation of the functional stability of F1 and F2 did not demonstrate loss of activity by storage at room temperature and at 4°C/6 months. In irradiated mice, treatment with F1 and F2 added with PPE significantly increased the capacity to scavenge ABTS radical and the FRAP of skin compared to vehicle-treated mice. In conclusion, the present results suggest that formulations containing PPE may be a topical source of antioxidant compounds to decrease oxidative damages of the skin.
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Lima GPP, Vianello F, Corrêa CR, Campos RADS, Borguini MG. Polyphenols in Fruits and Vegetables and Its Effect on Human Health. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.4236/fns.2014.511117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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50
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Giovenzana V, Beghi R, Buratti S, Civelli R, Guidetti R. Monitoring of fresh-cut Valerianella locusta Laterr. shelf life by electronic nose and VIS-NIR spectroscopy. Talanta 2013; 120:368-75. [PMID: 24468384 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2013.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2013] [Revised: 11/29/2013] [Accepted: 12/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this work was to investigate the applicability of non-destructive techniques in monitoring freshness decay of fresh-cut Valerianella locusta L. during storage at different temperature. The sampling was performed for 15 days for Valerianella samples preserved at 4 and 10 °C, and for 7 days for samples stored at 20 °C. The quality decay of samples was evaluated by quality parameters (pH, water content, total phenols, chlorophyll a fluorescence) and by non-destructive systems (electronic nose and visible-near infrared spectroscopy). Cluster Analysis (CA) was performed on quality indices and four clusters were identified, namely "fresh", "acceptable", "spoiled" and "very spoiled". Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was applied on the electronic nose data in order to evaluate the feasibility of this technique as a rapid and non-destructive approach for monitoring the freshness of fresh-cut Valerianella during storage. Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA) and PLS-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) models were developed to test the performance of electronic nose and VIS-NIR, respectively, to classify samples in the four classes of freshness. The average value of samples correctly classified using LDA was 95.5% and the cross validation error rate was equal to 8.7%. The results obtained from PLS-DA models, in validation, gave a positive predictive value (PPV) of classification between 74% and 96%. Finally, predictive models were performed using Partial Least Squares (PLS) regression analysis between quality indices and VIS-NIR data. RPD values <3 were obtained for water content and pH. Excellent results were obtained for total phenols with Rcv(2) and RPD equal to 0.89 and 3.19, and for chlorophyll a fluorescence with Rcv(2) and RPD equal to 0.92 and 3.22, respectively. Results demonstrated that electronic nose and VIS-NIR are complementary techniques able to support the conventional techniques in the shelf-life assessment of fresh-cut V. locusta L. providing information useful for a better management of the product along the distribution chain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Giovenzana
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences - Production, Landscape, Agroenergy (DiSAA), Università degli Studi di Milano, via Celoria 2, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Roberto Beghi
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences - Production, Landscape, Agroenergy (DiSAA), Università degli Studi di Milano, via Celoria 2, 20133 Milano, Italy.
| | - Susanna Buratti
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), Università degli Studi di Milano, via Celoria 2, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Raffaele Civelli
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences - Production, Landscape, Agroenergy (DiSAA), Università degli Studi di Milano, via Celoria 2, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Riccardo Guidetti
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences - Production, Landscape, Agroenergy (DiSAA), Università degli Studi di Milano, via Celoria 2, 20133 Milano, Italy
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