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Cui Z, Ding M, Dai W, Zheng M, Wang Z, Chen T. Design of a synthetic enzyme cascade for the in vitro fixation of formaldehyde to acetoin. Enzyme Microb Technol 2024; 178:110446. [PMID: 38626535 DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2024.110446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/18/2024]
Abstract
Formaldehyde (FALD) has gained prominence as an essential C1 building block in the synthesis of valuable chemicals. However, there are still challenges in converting FALD into commodities. Recently, cell-free biocatalysis has emerged as a popular approach for producing such commodities. Acetoin, also known as 3-hydroxy-2-butanone, has been widely used in food, cosmetic, agricultural and the chemical industry. It is valuable to develop a process to produce acetoin from FALD. In this study, a cell-free multi-enzyme catalytic system for the production of acetoin using FALD as the substrate was designed and constructed. It included three scales: FALD utilization pathway, glycolysis pathway and acetoin synthesis pathway. After the optimization of the reaction system, 20.17 mM acetoin was produced from 122 mM FALD, with a yield of 0.165 mol/mol, reaching 99.0% of the theoretical yield. The pathway provides a new approach for high-yield acetoin production from FALD, which consolidates the foundation for the production of high value-added chemicals using cheap one-carbon compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenzhen Cui
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China; Frontier Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (MOE), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Mengnan Ding
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China; Frontier Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (MOE), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Wei Dai
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China; Frontier Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (MOE), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Meiyu Zheng
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China; Frontier Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (MOE), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhiwen Wang
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China; Frontier Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (MOE), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Tao Chen
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China; Frontier Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (MOE), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China.
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2
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Zhong K, Zhang P, Wei X, Platre MP, He W, Zhang L, Małolepszy A, Cao M, Hu S, Tang S, Li B, Hu P, Busch W. Natural variation of TBR confers plant zinc toxicity tolerance through root cell wall pectin methylesterification. Nat Commun 2024; 15:5823. [PMID: 38992052 PMCID: PMC11239920 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-50106-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Zinc (Zn) is an essential micronutrient but can be cytotoxic when present in excess. Plants have evolved mechanisms to tolerate Zn toxicity. To identify genetic loci responsible for natural variation of plant tolerance to Zn toxicity, we conduct genome-wide association studies for root growth responses to high Zn and identify 21 significant associated loci. Among these loci, we identify Trichome Birefringence (TBR) allelic variation determining root growth variation in high Zn conditions. Natural alleles of TBR determine TBR transcript and protein levels which affect pectin methylesterification in root cell walls. Together with previously published data showing that pectin methylesterification increase goes along with decreased Zn binding to cell walls in TBR mutants, our findings lead to a model in which TBR allelic variation enables Zn tolerance through modulating root cell wall pectin methylesterification. The role of TBR in Zn tolerance is conserved across dicot and monocot plant species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaizhen Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Plant Molecular and Cellular Biology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
- School of Agricultural Sciences, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiangjin Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Matthieu Pierre Platre
- Plant Molecular and Cellular Biology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Wenrong He
- Plant Molecular and Cellular Biology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Ling Zhang
- Plant Molecular and Cellular Biology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Anna Małolepszy
- Plant Molecular and Cellular Biology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Min Cao
- Plant Molecular and Cellular Biology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Shikai Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shaoqing Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Baohai Li
- Plant Molecular and Cellular Biology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA.
- MOE Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Peisong Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
- School of Agricultural Sciences, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China.
| | - Wolfgang Busch
- Plant Molecular and Cellular Biology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA.
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3
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Duan X, Liu L, Lu T, Wang S, Wang C, Qiu G. Mechanism for Fe(III) to decrease cadmium uptake of wheat plant: Rhizosphere passivation, competitive absorption and physiological regulation. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 931:172907. [PMID: 38703846 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.172907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Revised: 04/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024]
Abstract
The presence of dissolved Fe(III) and Fe(III)-containing minerals has been found to alleviate cadmium (Cd) accumulation in wheat plants grown in Cd-contaminated soils, but the specific mechanism remains elusive. In this work, hydroponic experiments were conducted to dissect the mechanism for dissolved Fe(III) (0-2000 μmol L-1) to decrease Cd uptake of wheat plants and study the influence of Fe(III) concentration and Cd(II) pollution level (0-20 μmol L-1) on the Cd uptake process. The results indicated that dissolved Fe(III) significantly decreased Cd uptake through rhizosphere passivation, competitive absorption, and physiological regulation. The formation of poorly crystalline Fe(III) oxides facilitated the adsorption and immobilization of Cd(II) on the rhizoplane (over 80.4 %). In wheat rhizosphere, the content of CaCl2-extractable Cd decreased by 52.7 % when Fe(III) concentration was controlled at 2000 μmol L-1, and the presence of Fe(III) may reduce the formation of Cd(II)-organic acid complexes (including malic acid and succinic acid secreted by wheat roots), which could be attributed to competitive reactions. Down-regulation of Cd uptake genes (TaNramp5-a and TaNramp5-b) and transport genes (TaHMA3-a, TaHMA3-b and TaHMA2), along with up-regulation of the Cd efflux gene TaPDR8-4A7A, contributed much to the reduction of Cd accumulation in wheat plants in the presence of Fe(III). The inhibitory effect of Fe(III) on Cd uptake and transport in wheat plants declined with increasing Cd(II) concentration, particularly at 20 μmol L-1. This work provides important implications for remediating Cd-contaminated farmland soil and ensuring the safe production of wheat by using dissolved Fe(III) and Fe(III)-containing minerals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianjie Duan
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtse River), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Soil Health and Green Remediation, College of Resources and Environment, Interdisciplinary Sciences Institute, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei Province, China
| | - Ling Liu
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtse River), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Soil Health and Green Remediation, College of Resources and Environment, Interdisciplinary Sciences Institute, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei Province, China
| | - Tao Lu
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtse River), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Soil Health and Green Remediation, College of Resources and Environment, Interdisciplinary Sciences Institute, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei Province, China
| | - Sheliang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtse River), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Soil Health and Green Remediation, College of Resources and Environment, Interdisciplinary Sciences Institute, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei Province, China
| | - Chuang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtse River), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Soil Health and Green Remediation, College of Resources and Environment, Interdisciplinary Sciences Institute, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei Province, China; Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture, Agriculture Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Science, Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - Guohong Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtse River), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Soil Health and Green Remediation, College of Resources and Environment, Interdisciplinary Sciences Institute, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei Province, China; Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan 430070, China; Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture, Agriculture Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Science, Shenzhen 518000, China.
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4
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Sanhueza D, Sepúlveda-Orellana P, Salazar-Carrasco A, Zúñiga S, Herrera R, Moya-León MA, Saez-Aguayo S. Mucilage extracted from Chilean papaya seeds is enriched with homogalacturonan domains. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1380533. [PMID: 38872878 PMCID: PMC11169631 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1380533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
Chilean papaya, also known as mountain papaya (Vasconcellea pubescens), is a fruit valued for its nutritional value and pleasant fragrance. The oblong fruit, featuring five ridges and a seed-filled mucilage cavity, is typically consumed cooked due to its high protease content. The mucilage and the seeds are usually discarded as byproducts. This study analyzed the biochemical composition of mountain papaya seed mucilage using methods such as HPAEC and immunolabeling. Results revealed that papaya seeds yield nearly 20% of their weight in mucilage polysaccharides, which can be separated into soluble and adherent layers. The mucilage exhibited a high proportion of acidic sugars, indicating that homogalacturonan (HG) is the predominant domain. It also contained other domains like rhamnogalacturonan-I (RG-I) and hemicelluloses, predominantly xyloglucan. The HG-rich mucilage, currently considered waste, emerges as a promising source of polysaccharides, indicating its multifaceted utility in various industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dayan Sanhueza
- Centro de Biotecnología Vegetal, Laboratorio Mucilab, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago, Chile
- Agencia Nacional de Investigación y Desarollo (ANID) - Anillo de Investigación en Ciencia y Tecnología - Chilean Fruits Cell Wall Components as Biotechnological Resources (CHICOBIO) ACT210025, Talca, Chile
| | - Pablo Sepúlveda-Orellana
- Centro de Biotecnología Vegetal, Laboratorio Mucilab, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago, Chile
- Agencia Nacional de Investigación y Desarollo (ANID) - Anillo de Investigación en Ciencia y Tecnología - Chilean Fruits Cell Wall Components as Biotechnological Resources (CHICOBIO) ACT210025, Talca, Chile
| | - Alejandra Salazar-Carrasco
- Centro de Biotecnología Vegetal, Laboratorio Mucilab, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago, Chile
- Agencia Nacional de Investigación y Desarollo (ANID) - Anillo de Investigación en Ciencia y Tecnología - Chilean Fruits Cell Wall Components as Biotechnological Resources (CHICOBIO) ACT210025, Talca, Chile
| | - Sebastian Zúñiga
- Centro de Biotecnología Vegetal, Laboratorio Mucilab, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago, Chile
- Agencia Nacional de Investigación y Desarollo (ANID) - Anillo de Investigación en Ciencia y Tecnología - Chilean Fruits Cell Wall Components as Biotechnological Resources (CHICOBIO) ACT210025, Talca, Chile
| | - Raúl Herrera
- Agencia Nacional de Investigación y Desarollo (ANID) - Anillo de Investigación en Ciencia y Tecnología - Chilean Fruits Cell Wall Components as Biotechnological Resources (CHICOBIO) ACT210025, Talca, Chile
- Laboratorio de Fisiología Vegetal y Genética Molecular, Instituto de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Talca, Talca, Chile
| | - María Alejandra Moya-León
- Agencia Nacional de Investigación y Desarollo (ANID) - Anillo de Investigación en Ciencia y Tecnología - Chilean Fruits Cell Wall Components as Biotechnological Resources (CHICOBIO) ACT210025, Talca, Chile
- Laboratorio de Fisiología Vegetal y Genética Molecular, Instituto de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Talca, Talca, Chile
| | - Susana Saez-Aguayo
- Centro de Biotecnología Vegetal, Laboratorio Mucilab, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago, Chile
- Agencia Nacional de Investigación y Desarollo (ANID) - Anillo de Investigación en Ciencia y Tecnología - Chilean Fruits Cell Wall Components as Biotechnological Resources (CHICOBIO) ACT210025, Talca, Chile
- Agencia Nacional de Investigación y Desarollo (ANID) - Millennium Science Initiative Program - Millennium Nucleus for the Development of Super Adaptable Plants (MN-SAP), Santiago, Chile
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5
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Chen HH, Zheng ZC, Hua D, Chen XF, Huang ZR, Guo J, Yang LT, Chen LS. Boron-mediated amelioration of copper toxicity in Citrus sinensis seedlings involved reduced concentrations of copper in leaves and roots and their cell walls rather than increased copper fractions in their cell walls. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 467:133738. [PMID: 38350317 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.133738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024]
Abstract
Little information is available on how boron (B) supplementation affects plant cell wall (CW) remodeling under copper (Cu) excess. 'Xuegan' (Citrus sinensis) seedlings were submitted to 0.5 or 350 µM Cu × 2.5 or 25 µM B for 24 weeks. Thereafter, we determined the concentrations of CW materials (CWMs) and CW components (CWCs), the degree of pectin methylation (DPM), and the pectin methylesterase (PME) activities and PME gene expression levels in leaves and roots, as well as the Cu concentrations in leaves and roots and their CWMs (CWCs). Additionally, we analyzed the Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) spectra of leaf and root CWMs. Our findings suggested that adding B reduced the impairment of Cu excess to CWs by reducing the Cu concentrations in leaves and roots and their CWMs and maintaining the stability of CWs, thereby improving leaf and root growth. Cu excess increased the Cu fractions in leaf and root pectin by decreasing DPM due to increased PME activities, thereby contributing to citrus Cu tolerance. FTIR and XRD indicated that the functional groups of the CW pectin, hemicellulose, cellulose, and lignin could bind and immobilize Cu, thereby reducing Cu cytotoxicity in leaves and roots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan-Huan Chen
- College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Zhi-Chao Zheng
- College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Dan Hua
- College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Xu-Feng Chen
- College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Zeng-Rong Huang
- College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Jiuxin Guo
- College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Lin-Tong Yang
- College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Li-Song Chen
- College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
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Jia H, Lei Y, Pan S, Zhu J, Shen Z, Tang L, Hou D. The impacts of exogenous phosphorus on Cd absorption in perennial ryegrass root cell: Kinetic and mechanism study. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 206:108220. [PMID: 38039583 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.108220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023]
Abstract
Phosphorus (P) is critical to plants in metal-contaminated soils because it participates in various biochemical reactions during plant growth. However, the mechanisms of P in mitigating the toxicity of heavy metals to ryegrass root is still veiled. In this study, the physiological and biochemical dynamics of the ryegrass root under various cadmium (Cd) and P conditions were investigated in a hydroponic system. Cd stress decreased the length of the ryegrass root, but P application enhanced the root elongation to reduce the Cd concentration in the root. Both Cd and P dosages were positively correlated with hemicellulose 1 content, pectin content, and PME activity, while having a negative effect on cellulose content. Moreover, the addition of 80 mg L-1 P increased the contents of pectin and hemicellulose 1 by 2.5 and 5.8% even with 4 mg L-1 Cd. In addition, P supply increased pectin methylesterbase activity under Cd stress, which further changed the extra-cytoplasmic structures and cell wall composition. Thus, exogenous P promoted the immobilization of Cd onto the cell wall and protected protoplast primarily through indirectly regulating the binding capacity of the root cell wall for Cd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Jia
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, School of Emergency Management, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China; School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Yuze Lei
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, School of Emergency Management, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
| | - Shizhen Pan
- Department of Environment in Yangtze Delta Region Institute of Tsinghua University, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Science and Technology, Jiaxing, 314006, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jin Zhu
- UNSW Water Research Centre, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Zhengtao Shen
- School of Earth and Engineering Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China.
| | - Lingyi Tang
- Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, T6G 2E3, Canada.
| | - Deyi Hou
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
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Zhu Z, Tian H, Tang X, Li J, Zhang Z, Chai G, Wu X. NPs-Ca promotes Cd accumulation and enhances Cd tolerance of rapeseed shoots by affecting Cd transfer and Cd fixation in pectin. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 341:140001. [PMID: 37659510 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.140001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/04/2023]
Abstract
The use of rapeseed (Brassica napus) as a hyperaccumulator plant has shown great promise for the remediation of cadmium (Cd) contaminated soils. Nanosized materials (NPs) have been shown to mitigate heavy metal toxicity in plants, but it is unknown how l-aspartate nano-calcium (NPs-Ca) affects Cd uptake, transport, and tolerance in rapeseed. A soil pot experiment was conducted with two treatments: a control treatment (CK) with 2.16 g CaCl2 and NPs-Ca treatment with 6.00 g NPs-Ca, to evaluate the effects and mechanisms of NPs-Ca on Cd tolerance in rapeseed. Compared to CaCl2, NPs-Ca promoted Cd transportation from roots to shoots by up-regulating the expression of Cd transport genes (ABCC12, HMA8, NRAM6, ZIP6, CAX4, PCR2, and HIP6). Therefore, NPs-Ca increased Cd accumulation in rapeseed shoots by 39.4%. Interestingly, NPs-Ca also enhanced Cd tolerance in the shoots, resulting in lower hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) accumulation and proline content, as well as higher antioxidant enzyme activities (POD, CAT). Moreover, NPs-Ca reduced the activity of pectin-degrading enzymes (polygalacturonase: PG, β-galactosidase: β-GAL), promoted the activity of pectin methyl esterase (PME), and changed transcription levels of related genes (PME, PMEI, PG, PGIP, and β-GAL). NPs-Ca treatment also significantly increased the Cd content in cell walls by 59.8%, that is, more Cd was immobilized in cell walls, and less Cd entered organelles in shoots of NPs-Ca treatment due to increased pectin content and degree of pectin demethylation. Overall, NPs-Ca increased Cd accumulation in rapeseed shoots by promoting Cd transport from roots to shoots. And meantime, NPs-Ca enhanced Cd tolerance of shoots by inhibiting pectin degradation, promoting pectin demethylation and increasing Cd fixation in pectin. These findings suggest that NPs-Ca can improve the potential of rapeseed as a hyperaccumulator for the remediation of Cd-contaminated soil and the protection of the environment. Furthermore, the study provides a theoretical basis for the application of NPs-Ca in the phytoremediation of Cd-contaminated soils with hyperaccumulating plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihan Zhu
- College of Resources and Environment, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China.
| | - Hui Tian
- College of Resources and Environment, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xu Tang
- College of Resources and Environment, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Jinsheng Li
- College of Resources and Environment, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Zetao Zhang
- College of Resources and Environment, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Guohua Chai
- College of Resources and Environment, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China.
| | - Xiuwen Wu
- College of Resources and Environment, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China.
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Srivastava A, Jain G, Chandra S, Kalia V, Upadhyay SK, Dubey RS, Verma PC. Failure of methanol detoxification in pests confers broad spectrum insect resistance in PME overexpressing transgenic cotton. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 333:111737. [PMID: 37217034 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2023.111737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Methanol is noxious to insect pests, but most plants do not make enough of it to shield themselves from encroaching insects. Methanol emission is known to increase in the instance of herbivory. In the current study, we showed that Aspergillus niger pectin methylesterase over-expression increases methanol emission and confers resistance to polyphagous insect pests on transgenic cotton plants by impeding the possible methanol detoxification pathways. Transgenic plants emitted ~11 fold higher methanol displaying insect mortality of 96% and 93% in Helicoverpa armigera and Spodoptera litura, respectively. The larvae were unable to survive and finish their life cycle and the surviving larvae exhibited severe growth retardation. Insects try to detoxify methanol via catalase, carboxylesterase and cytochrome P450 monooxygenase enzymes, amongst which cytochrome P450 plays a major role in oxidizing methanol to formaldehyde and formaldehyde to formic acid, which is broken down into carbon dioxide and water. In our study, catalase and esterase enzymes were found to be upregulated, but cytochrome P450 monooxygenase levels were not much affected. Leaf disc assays and In-planta bioassays also showed 50-60% population reduction in the sap sucking pests, such as Bemisia tabaci and Phenacoccus solenopsis. These findings imply that elevated methanol emissions confer resistance in plants against chewing and sap-sucking pests by tampering the methanol detoxification pathways. Such mechanism will be useful in imparting expansive resistance against pests in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alka Srivastava
- Plant molecular biology and biotechnology Division, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow, UP, India; Department of Biochemistry, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, UP, India
| | - Gourav Jain
- Plant molecular biology and biotechnology Division, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow, UP, India; Department of Biotechnology, Bhimtal Campus, Kumaun University, Nainital, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Sateesh Chandra
- Plant molecular biology and biotechnology Division, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow, UP, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad-201002, India
| | - Vinay Kalia
- Division of Entomology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Rama Shanker Dubey
- Department of Biochemistry, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, UP, India
| | - Praveen Chandra Verma
- Plant molecular biology and biotechnology Division, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow, UP, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad-201002, India.
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9
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Hecko S, Schiefer A, Badenhorst CPS, Fink MJ, Mihovilovic MD, Bornscheuer UT, Rudroff F. Enlightening the Path to Protein Engineering: Chemoselective Turn-On Probes for High-Throughput Screening of Enzymatic Activity. Chem Rev 2023; 123:2832-2901. [PMID: 36853077 PMCID: PMC10037340 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/01/2023]
Abstract
Many successful stories in enzyme engineering are based on the creation of randomized diversity in large mutant libraries, containing millions to billions of enzyme variants. Methods that enabled their evaluation with high throughput are dominated by spectroscopic techniques due to their high speed and sensitivity. A large proportion of studies relies on fluorogenic substrates that mimic the chemical properties of the target or coupled enzymatic assays with an optical read-out that assesses the desired catalytic efficiency indirectly. The most reliable hits, however, are achieved by screening for conversions of the starting material to the desired product. For this purpose, functional group assays offer a general approach to achieve a fast, optical read-out. They use the chemoselectivity, differences in electronic and steric properties of various functional groups, to reduce the number of false-positive results and the analytical noise stemming from enzymatic background activities. This review summarizes the developments and use of functional group probes for chemoselective derivatizations, with a clear focus on screening for enzymatic activity in protein engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Hecko
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry, OC-163, TU Wien, Getreidemarkt 9, 1060 Vienna, Austria
| | - Astrid Schiefer
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry, OC-163, TU Wien, Getreidemarkt 9, 1060 Vienna, Austria
| | - Christoffel P S Badenhorst
- Institute of Biochemistry, Dept. of Biotechnology & Enzyme Catalysis, University of Greifswald, Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 4, 17489 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Michael J Fink
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford St, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Marko D Mihovilovic
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry, OC-163, TU Wien, Getreidemarkt 9, 1060 Vienna, Austria
| | - Uwe T Bornscheuer
- Institute of Biochemistry, Dept. of Biotechnology & Enzyme Catalysis, University of Greifswald, Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 4, 17489 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Florian Rudroff
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry, OC-163, TU Wien, Getreidemarkt 9, 1060 Vienna, Austria
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10
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Effect of thermal blanching on the inactivation kinetics of polyphenol oxidase and peroxidase in lily bulb, and the functional properties of its flours. JOURNAL OF FOOD MEASUREMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11694-022-01658-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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11
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Chowdhury J, Kemppainen M, Delhomme N, Shutava I, Zhou J, Takahashi J, Pardo AG, Lundberg‐Felten J. Laccaria bicolor pectin methylesterases are involved in ectomycorrhiza development with Populus tremula × Populus tremuloides. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2022; 236:639-655. [PMID: 35794841 PMCID: PMC9796311 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The development of ectomycorrhizal (ECM) symbioses between soil fungi and tree roots requires modification of root cell walls. The pectin-mediated adhesion between adjacent root cells loosens to accommodate fungal hyphae in the Hartig net, facilitating nutrient exchange between partners. We investigated the role of fungal pectin modifying enzymes in Laccaria bicolor for ECM formation with Populus tremula × Populus tremuloides. We combine transcriptomics of cell-wall-related enzymes in both partners during ECM formation, immunolocalisation of pectin (Homogalacturonan, HG) epitopes in different methylesterification states, pectin methylesterase (PME) activity assays and functional analyses of transgenic L. bicolor to uncover pectin modification mechanisms and the requirement of fungal pectin methylesterases (LbPMEs) for ECM formation. Immunolocalisation identified remodelling of pectin towards de-esterified HG during ECM formation, which was accompanied by increased LbPME1 expression and PME activity. Overexpression or RNAi of the ECM-induced LbPME1 in transgenic L. bicolor lines led to reduced ECM formation. Hartig Nets formed with LbPME1 RNAi lines were shallower, whereas those formed with LbPME1 overexpressors were deeper. This suggests that LbPME1 plays a role in ECM formation potentially through HG de-esterification, which initiates loosening of adjacent root cells to facilitate Hartig net formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamil Chowdhury
- Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Umeå Plant Science CenterSwedish University of Agricultural Sciences90183UmeåSweden
- Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå Plant Science CenterUmeå University90187UmeåSweden
| | - Minna Kemppainen
- Laboratory of Molecular Mycology, Department of Science and Technology, Institute of Basic and Applied MicrobiologyNational University of Quilmes (UNQ), and National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET)B1876BXDBernalArgentina
| | - Nicolas Delhomme
- Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Umeå Plant Science CenterSwedish University of Agricultural Sciences90183UmeåSweden
| | - Iryna Shutava
- Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå Plant Science CenterUmeå University90187UmeåSweden
| | - Jingjing Zhou
- Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Umeå Plant Science CenterSwedish University of Agricultural Sciences90183UmeåSweden
- Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå Plant Science CenterUmeå University90187UmeåSweden
| | - Junko Takahashi
- Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Umeå Plant Science CenterSwedish University of Agricultural Sciences90183UmeåSweden
| | - Alejandro G. Pardo
- Laboratory of Molecular Mycology, Department of Science and Technology, Institute of Basic and Applied MicrobiologyNational University of Quilmes (UNQ), and National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET)B1876BXDBernalArgentina
| | - Judith Lundberg‐Felten
- Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Umeå Plant Science CenterSwedish University of Agricultural Sciences90183UmeåSweden
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12
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Bres C, Petit J, Reynoud N, Brocard L, Marion D, Lahaye M, Bakan B, Rothan C. The SlSHN2 transcription factor contributes to cuticle formation and epidermal patterning in tomato fruit. MOLECULAR HORTICULTURE 2022; 2:14. [PMID: 37789465 PMCID: PMC10515250 DOI: 10.1186/s43897-022-00035-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) is an established model for studying plant cuticle because of its thick cuticle covering and embedding the epidermal cells of the fruit. In this study, we screened an EMS mutant collection of the miniature tomato cultivar Micro-Tom for fruit cracking mutants and found a mutant displaying a glossy fruit phenotype. By using an established mapping-by-sequencing strategy, we identified the causal mutation in the SlSHN2 transcription factor that is specifically expressed in outer epidermis of growing fruit. The point mutation in the shn2 mutant introduces a K to N amino acid change in the highly conserved 'mm' domain of SHN proteins. The cuticle from shn2 fruit showed a ~ fivefold reduction in cutin while abundance and composition of waxes were barely affected. In addition to alterations in cuticle thickness and properties, epidermal patterning and polysaccharide composition of the cuticle were changed. RNAseq analysis further highlighted the altered expression of hundreds of genes in the fruit exocarp of shn2, including genes associated with cuticle and cell wall formation, hormone signaling and response, and transcriptional regulation. In conclusion, we showed that a point mutation in the transcriptional regulator SlSHN2 causes major changes in fruit cuticle formation and its coordination with epidermal patterning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cécile Bres
- UMR 1332 BFP, INRAE, Université de Bordeaux, 33140, Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Johann Petit
- UMR 1332 BFP, INRAE, Université de Bordeaux, 33140, Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Nicolas Reynoud
- Unité Biopolymères, Interactions, Assemblages, INRAE, BP71627, 44316, Nantes Cedex 3, France
| | - Lysiane Brocard
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, INSERM, Bordeaux Imaging Center, BIC, UMS 3420, US 4, 33000, Bordeaux, France
| | - Didier Marion
- Unité Biopolymères, Interactions, Assemblages, INRAE, BP71627, 44316, Nantes Cedex 3, France
| | - Marc Lahaye
- Unité Biopolymères, Interactions, Assemblages, INRAE, BP71627, 44316, Nantes Cedex 3, France
| | - Bénédicte Bakan
- Unité Biopolymères, Interactions, Assemblages, INRAE, BP71627, 44316, Nantes Cedex 3, France
| | - Christophe Rothan
- UMR 1332 BFP, INRAE, Université de Bordeaux, 33140, Villenave d'Ornon, France.
- INRA, UMR 1332 Biologie du Fruit Et Pathologie, 71 Av Edouard Bourlaux, 33140, Villenave d'Ornon, France.
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13
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Temple H, Phyo P, Yang W, Lyczakowski JJ, Echevarría-Poza A, Yakunin I, Parra-Rojas JP, Terrett OM, Saez-Aguayo S, Dupree R, Orellana A, Hong M, Dupree P. Golgi-localized putative S-adenosyl methionine transporters required for plant cell wall polysaccharide methylation. NATURE PLANTS 2022; 8:656-669. [PMID: 35681018 DOI: 10.1038/s41477-022-01156-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Polysaccharide methylation, especially that of pectin, is a common and important feature of land plant cell walls. Polysaccharide methylation takes place in the Golgi apparatus and therefore relies on the import of S-adenosyl methionine (SAM) from the cytosol into the Golgi. However, so far, no Golgi SAM transporter has been identified in plants. Here we studied major facilitator superfamily members in Arabidopsis that we identified as putative Golgi SAM transporters (GoSAMTs). Knockout of the two most highly expressed GoSAMTs led to a strong reduction in Golgi-synthesized polysaccharide methylation. Furthermore, solid-state NMR experiments revealed that reduced methylation changed cell wall polysaccharide conformations, interactions and mobilities. Notably, NMR revealed the existence of pectin 'egg-box' structures in intact cell walls and showed that their formation is enhanced by reduced methyl esterification. These changes in wall architecture were linked to substantial growth and developmental phenotypes. In particular, anisotropic growth was strongly impaired in the double mutant. The identification of putative transporters involved in import of SAM into the Golgi lumen in plants provides new insights into the paramount importance of polysaccharide methylation for plant cell wall structure and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henry Temple
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Pyae Phyo
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Weibing Yang
- Sainsbury Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) and CAS-JIC Center of Excellence for Plant and Microbial Sciences (CEPAMS), Shanghai, China
| | - Jan J Lyczakowski
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | | | - Igor Yakunin
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Juan Pablo Parra-Rojas
- Centro de Biotecnología Vegetal, FONDAP Center for Genome Regulation, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Oliver M Terrett
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Susana Saez-Aguayo
- Centro de Biotecnología Vegetal, FONDAP Center for Genome Regulation, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Ray Dupree
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - Ariel Orellana
- Centro de Biotecnología Vegetal, FONDAP Center for Genome Regulation, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Mei Hong
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
| | - Paul Dupree
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
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14
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Abd-Elsabour M, Alhamzani AG, Abou-Krisha MM. Fabrication of novel nickel-modified electrodes and their application for methanol oxidation in fuel cell. IONICS 2022; 28:1915-1925. [DOI: 10.1007/s11581-022-04447-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/08/2022] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
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15
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Yang H, Yu H, Wu Y, Huang H, Zhang X, Ye D, Wang Y, Zheng Z, Li T. Nitric oxide amplifies cadmium binding in root cell wall of a high cadmium-accumulating rice (Oryza sativa L.) line by promoting hemicellulose synthesis and pectin demethylesterification. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2022; 234:113404. [PMID: 35278988 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.113404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is tightly associated with plant response against cadmium (Cd) stress in rice since NO impacts Cd accumulation via modulating cell wall components. In the present study, we investigated that whether and how NO regulates Cd accumulation in root in two rice lines with different Cd accumulation ability. The variation of polysaccharides in root cell wall (RCW) of a high Cd-accumulating rice line Lu527-8 and a normal rice line Lu527-4 in response to Cd stress when exogenous NO supplied by sodium nitroprusside (SNP, a NO donor) was studied. Appreciable amounts of Cd distributed in RCW, in which most Cd ions were bound to pectin for the two rice lines when exposed to Cd. Exogenous NO upregulated the expression of OsPME11 and OsPME12 that were involved in pectin demethylesterification, resulting in more low methyl-esterified pectin and therefore stronger pectin-Cd binding. Exogenous NO also enhanced the concentration of hemicellulose and the amount of Cd ions in it. These results demonstrate that NO-induced more Cd binding in RCW in the two rice lines through promoting pectin demethylesterification and increasing hemicellulose accumulation. Higher OsPMEs expression and more hemicellulose synthesis contributed to more Cd immobilization in RCW of the high Cd-accumulating rice line Lu527-8. The main findings of this study reveal the regulation of NO on cell wall polysaccharides modification under Cd stress and help to elucidate the physiological and molecular mechanism of NO participating in Cd responses of rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Yang
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Haiying Yu
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Yao Wu
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Huagang Huang
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Xizhou Zhang
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Daihua Ye
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Yongdong Wang
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Zicheng Zheng
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Tingxuan Li
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China.
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16
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Mohammadalikhani S, Ghanati F, Hajebrahimi Z, Sharifi M. Molecular and biochemical modifications of suspension-cultured tobacco cell walls after exposure to alternative gravity. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2022; 176:1-7. [PMID: 35180456 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2022.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 02/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The plant cell wall is a flexible physical barrier surrounding the cell which functions in growth and differentiation, signaling, and response to environmental stimuli including the Earth gravity force. In the present study, structural and molecular modifications of cell wall components of cultured tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum cv. Burley 21) cells under alternative gravity conditions induced by 7 days exposure to 2-D clinostat have been investigated. In comparison with the control group, clinorotation significantly increased biomass but reduced the total amounts of wall and the contents of cellulose, pectin, uronic acidic, and xyloglucan. Gene expression of H+-ATPase was not changed but of expansin A reduced in clinostat-treated cells. However, the gene expression and activity of xyloglucan endotransglycosylase/hydrolases (XTH; EC 2.4.1.207) and endo-(1,4)-β-D-glucanase (EGase; EC 3.2.1.4), the amount of arabinogalactan proteins (AGP), and the expression of wall-associated kinase (WAK) gene significantly increased by clinorotation. Altered gravity also reduced the activity of polyphenol oxidase and covalently bound peroxidase. The results suggest that altered gravity promoted orchestrated changes of wall-modifying genes and proteins which reduced its stiffness and enhanced cell expansion and division potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somaye Mohammadalikhani
- Department of Plant Biology, Faculty of Biological Science, Tarbiat Modares University (TMU), POB, 14115-154, Tehran, Iran
| | - Faezeh Ghanati
- Department of Plant Biology, Faculty of Biological Science, Tarbiat Modares University (TMU), POB, 14115-154, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Zahra Hajebrahimi
- A&S Research Institute, Ministry of Science Research and Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohsen Sharifi
- Department of Plant Biology, Faculty of Biological Science, Tarbiat Modares University (TMU), POB, 14115-154, Tehran, Iran
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17
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Jing HK, Wu Q, Huang J, Yang XZ, Tao Y, Shen RF, Zhu XF. Putrescine is involved in root cell wall phosphorus remobilization in a nitric oxide dependent manner. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 316:111169. [PMID: 35151453 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2021.111169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Phosphorus (P) deficiency is a key limited factor to affect the crop production in rice (Oryza sativa). Recently, accumulating evidences have shown that root cell wall P reutilization could be released to the cytoplasm to alleviate the P starvation and a set of plant hormone and signal molecules have been identified to be involved in it. However, the role of putrescine (Put) in this process is still unknown. In this study, we found that Put with a concentration of 0.001 mM, 0.01 mM and 0.1 mM increased the root and shoot biomass in Nipponbare (Nip) and Kasalath (Kas) under P deficiency, although only 0.1 mM Put could significantly elevated the root and shoot soluble P concentration in Nip. Exogenous 0.1 mM Put treatment reduced the root cell wall P content through increasing the pectin content and pectin methylesterase (PME) activity, indicating that Put can be involved in the root cell wall P reutilization under P starvation. In addition, Put treatment also stimulated the root-to-shoot translocation of P through upregulating the expression of PHOSPHORUS TRANSPORTER 2 (OsPT2) and OsPT8 that responsible for the long-distance transport. Put under P-deficient condition significantly enhanced the Nitric Oxide (NO) accumulation in root and the application of NO inhibitor carboxy-PTIO (cPTIO) could reverse the Put-alleviated P-deficient phenotype, suggesting this process is mediated by NO. In conclusion, our results demonstrated that Put acts upstream of NO to activate the root cell wall P remobilization in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huai Kang Jing
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Science, Nanjing, 210008, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Qi Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Science, Nanjing, 210008, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jing Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Science, Nanjing, 210008, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xiao Zheng Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Science, Nanjing, 210008, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Ye Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Science, Nanjing, 210008, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Ren Fang Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Science, Nanjing, 210008, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xiao Fang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Science, Nanjing, 210008, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
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18
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Dorado C, Bowman KD, Cameron RG, Manthey JA, Bai J, Ferguson KL. Steam Explosion (STEX) of Citrus × Poncirus Hybrids with Exceptional Tolerance to Candidatus Liberibacter Asiaticus (CLas) as Useful Sources of Volatiles and Other Commercial Products. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:1285. [PMID: 34943201 PMCID: PMC8698310 DOI: 10.3390/biology10121285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Florida citrus production has declined 75% due to Huanglongbing (HLB), a disease caused by the pathogenic bacterium Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus (CLas). Methods to combat CLas are costly and only partially effective. The cross-compatible species Poncirus trifoliata and some of its hybrids are known to be highly tolerant to CLas, and thus can potentially serve as an alternative feedstock for many citrus products. To further investigate the commercial potential of citrus hybrids, three citrus hybrids, US-802, US-897, and US-942, were studied for their potential as feedstocks for citrus co-products using steam explosion (STEX) followed by water extraction. Up to 93% of sugars were recovered. US-897 and US-942 have similar volatile profiles to that of the commercial citrus fruit types and as much as 85% of these volatiles could be recovered. Approximately 80% of the pectic hydrocolloids present in all three hybrids could be obtained in water washes of STEX material. Of the phenolics identified, the flavanone glycosides, i.e., naringin, neohesperidin, and poncirin were the most abundant quantitatively in these hybrids. The ability to extract a large percentage of these compounds, along with their inherent values, make US-802, US-897, and US-942 potentially viable feedstock sources for citrus co-products in the current HLB-blighted environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Dorado
- U.S. Horticultural Research Laboratory, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Fort Pierce, FL 34945, USA; (K.D.B.); (R.G.C.); (J.A.M.); (J.B.); (K.L.F.)
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19
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Pan J, Guan M, Xu P, Chen M, Cao Z. Salicylic acid reduces cadmium (Cd) accumulation in rice (Oryza sativa L.) by regulating root cell wall composition via nitric oxide signaling. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 797:149202. [PMID: 34346363 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.149202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The effects of salicylic acid (SA) on cadmium (Cd) accumulation, Cd subcellular distribution, cell wall composition and Cd adsorption in Cd-stressed rice seedlings were examined. The interaction between SA and nitric oxide (NO) signaling in regulating cell wall composition under Cd exposure was also investigated. Our results showed that 5 μmol·L-1 Cd treatment significantly decreased plant height, root length and plant dry weight by 40.1%, 46.1% and 21.3% (p < 0.05), respectively, and the inhibitory effects of Cd on the growth parameters were alleviated by exogenous SA. Application of SA remarkably decreased Cd concentrations in roots and shoots of rice seedlings by 48.0% and 19.6%, respectively, and increased the distribution ratio of Cd in the root cell wall fraction (from 35.7% to 40.6%) compared with Cd treatment alone. The reduced Cd accumulation in rice plants could be attributed to that SA application promoted pectin synthesis and demethylesterification, thereby increasing Cd deposition in the root cell wall. Moreover, SA application promoted lignin biosynthesis to strengthen the cell wall and prevent Cd from entering the root cells. In addition, NO might be involved in SA-induced pectin synthesis, pectin demethylesterification and lignin biosynthesis as a downstream signaling molecule, contributing to reduced Cd accumulation in Cd-stressed rice seedlings. The results provide deep insights into the mechanisms of exogenous SA action in reducing Cd accumulation in rice plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiuyue Pan
- Rice Product Quality Supervision and Inspection Center, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006, PR China
| | - Meiyan Guan
- Rice Product Quality Supervision and Inspection Center, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006, PR China
| | - Ping Xu
- Rice Product Quality Supervision and Inspection Center, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006, PR China
| | - Mingxue Chen
- Rice Product Quality Supervision and Inspection Center, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006, PR China
| | - Zhenzhen Cao
- Rice Product Quality Supervision and Inspection Center, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006, PR China.
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20
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Wu X, Tian H, Li L, Guan C, Zhang Z. Higher Cd-accumulating oilseed rape has stronger Cd tolerance due to stronger Cd fixation in pectin and hemicellulose and higher Cd chelation. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 285:117218. [PMID: 33933876 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.117218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Oilseed rape (Brassica napus) has potential as a hyperaccumulator in the phytoremediation of cadmium (Cd)-contaminated soils. Oilseed rape varieties with higher Cd accumulation ability and Cd tolerance are ideal candidates for the hyperaccumulation of excess Cd. To explore the physiological and molecular mechanisms underlying Cd tolerance and high Cd accumulation in oilseed rape leaves, we examined two genotypes, "BN067" (Cd-sensitive with lower Cd accumulation in leaves) and "BN06" (Cd-tolerant with higher Cd accumulation in leaves). We characterized the physiological morphology, structure, subcellular distribution of Cd, cell wall components, cell chelates, and the transcriptional levels of the related genes. Greater Cd accumulation was observed in the cell walls and vacuoles of Cd-tolerant leaves, reducing Cd toxicity to the lamellar structure of the chloroplast thylakoid and leaf stomata. Higher expression of PMEs genes and lower expression of pectin methylesterase inhibitors (PMEI) genes improved pectin methylesterase (PME) activity in leaves of Cd-tolerant genotype. Stronger demethylation of pectin along with higher pectin and hemicellulose levels induced by lower pectinase and hemicellulose activities in the leaves of the Cd-tolerant genotype, resulting in higher Cd retention in the cell walls. Under Cd toxicity, higher Cd sequestration within the vacuoles of Cd-tolerant leaves was closely related to greater accumulation of Cd chelates with stronger biosynthesis in protoplasts. The results highlight the importance of using hyperaccumulation by plants to remediate our environment, and also provide a theoretical basis for the development of Cd-tolerant varieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuwen Wu
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China.
| | - Hui Tian
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China; Southern Regional Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain and Oil Crops in China, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Li Li
- Southern Regional Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain and Oil Crops in China, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Chunyun Guan
- National Center of Oilseed Crops Improvement, Hunan Branch, Changsha, China
| | - Zhenhua Zhang
- Southern Regional Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain and Oil Crops in China, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China.
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21
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Dorado C, Cameron RG, Manthey JA, Bai J, Ferguson KL. Analysis and Potential Value of Compounds Extracted From Star Ruby, Rio Red, and Ruby Red Grapefruit, and Grapefruit Juice Processing Residues via Steam Explosion. Front Nutr 2021; 8:691663. [PMID: 34589509 PMCID: PMC8473638 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.691663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Culled whole grapefruit (WG) and grapefruit juice processing residues (GP) are currently incorporated into low-cost animal feed. If individual chemical components found within these side streams could be recovered as high-value coproducts, this would improve the overall value of the grapefruit crop. In this study, pectic hydrocolloids, sugars, volatiles, phenolics, and flavonoids were extracted from Star Ruby, Rio Red, and Ruby Red GP and WG using a continuous pilot scale steam explosion system. Up to 97% of grapefruit juice oils and peel oils could be volatilized and contained 87-94% d-limonene. The recovery of pectin, as determined by galacturonic acid content, was between 2.06 and 2.72 g 100 g-1. Of the phenolics and flavonoids analyzed in this study, narirutin and naringin were extracted in the amounts of up to 10,000 and 67,000 μg g-1, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Dorado
- U.S. Horticultural Research Laboratory, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Fort Pierce, FL, United States
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22
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Bench scale batch steam explosion of Florida red and white grapefruit juice processing residues. FUTURE FOODS 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fufo.2021.100020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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23
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Li F, Foucat L, Bonnin E. Effect of solid loading on the behaviour of pectin-degrading enzymes. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2021; 14:107. [PMID: 33910612 PMCID: PMC8082855 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-021-01957-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pectin plays a role in the recalcitrance of plant biomass by affecting the accessibility of other cell wall components to enzymatic degradation. Elimination of pectin consequently has a positive impact on the saccharification of pectin-rich biomass. This work thus focused on the behaviour of different pectin-degrading enzymes in the presence of low (5%) to high (35%) solid loading of lemon peel. RESULTS High solid loading of lemon peel affected pectin solubilisation differently depending on the pectinase used. Pectin lyase was less sensitive to a reduction of water content than was a mixture of endopolygalacturonase and pectin methylesterase, regardless of whether or not the latter's mode of action is processive or not. Marked changes in water mobility were observed along with enzymatic degradation depending on the enzyme used. However, the pectin lyase resulted in less pronounced shifts in water distribution than polygalacturonase-pectin methylesterase mixtures. At similar pectin concentration, pectin solutions hindered the diffusion of hydrolases more than the solid substrate. This can be attributed to the high viscosity of the highly concentrated pectin solutions while the solid substrate may provide continuous diffusion paths through pores. CONCLUSIONS The increase in solid substrate loading reduced the efficiency of pectin-degrading enzymes catalysing hydrolysis more significantly than those catalysing β-elimination. LF-NMR experiments highlighted the impact of solid loading on water mobility. Compared to other enzymes and whatever the solid loading, pectin lyase led to longer relaxation times linked with the most destructuration of the solid substrate. This new information could benefit the biorefinery processing of pectin-rich plant material when enzymes are used in the treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Li
- INRAE, UR 1268, Biopolymers Interactions Assemblies BIA, F-44316, Nantes, France
- School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, People's Republic of China
| | - Loïc Foucat
- INRAE, UR 1268, Biopolymers Interactions Assemblies BIA, F-44316, Nantes, France
- INRAE, BIBS facility, F-44316, Nantes, France
| | - Estelle Bonnin
- INRAE, UR 1268, Biopolymers Interactions Assemblies BIA, F-44316, Nantes, France.
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24
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Ferguson K, da Cruz MA, Ferrarezi R, Dorado C, Bai J, Cameron RG. Impact of Huanglongbing (HLB) on grapefruit pectin yield and quality during grapefruit maturation. Food Hydrocoll 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2020.106553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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25
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El-Yazbi AF, Elashkar NE, Abdel-Hay KM, Ahmed HM, Talaat W. Eco-friendly analytical methods for the determination of compounds with disparate spectral overlapping: application to antiviral formulation of sofosbuvir and velpatasvir. J Anal Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1186/s40543-021-00257-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
AbstractGreen analytical chemistry is one of the newest trends in analytical chemistry nowadays targeting the concept of green laboratory practices on chemists and environment. In this text, green practices are proposed in this work for the determination of sofosbuvir (SF) and velpatasvir (VP) in their pharmaceutical formulation. The analysis of SF in a binary mixture with VP represents an analytical challenge due to the complete overlapping of the UV spectrum of SF by that of VP. Therefore, the direct absorbance and derivative measurements cannot resolve such interference and failed to determine SF. In this paper, three direct and simple methods were developed for the analysis of SF without any interference from VP without sample pre-treatment. The proposed methods include measuring the second derivative amplitude of the ratio spectrum of the mixture using VP as a divisor, measuring the absorbance difference of the mixture in NaOH solution against its HCl solution, and using the derivative compensation technique. On the other hand, VP was determined specifically in presence of SF by two methods. Firstly, by its reaction with 4-chloro-7-nitrobenzofurazan (NBD-Cl) where the reaction product was measured spectrophotometrically and spectrofluorometrically and secondly through the reaction of VP with 3-methyl-2-benzothiazolinone hydrazone hydrochloride (MBTH). The calibration curves showed good correlation coefficient (r2 > 0.999). The developed methods were highly precise with RSD% values less than 2%. The method greenness profile was compared with other published methods by applying the eco-scale protocol. Assessment results proved that our analytical procedure is greener than other reported methods. Moreover, upon comparison with other methods, the proposed methods showed better or comparable sensitivity in addition to being inexpensive and ecofriendly. Accordingly, these methods could be readily applied for quality control purposes as an eco-friendly, simple and efficient analytical tool.
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26
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Yan L, Riaz M, Liu J, Liu Y, Zeng Y, Jiang C. Boron reduces aluminum deposition in alkali-soluble pectin and cytoplasm to release aluminum toxicity. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 401:123388. [PMID: 32653794 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.123388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Revised: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Boron (B) is indispensable for plant growth and has been reported in the mitigation of aluminum (Al) toxicity in different plants. This study focused on the efficacy of B in reducing Al toxicity to trifoliate orange seedlings in a hydroponic experiment. Boron supply had a positive effect on root length and plant growth-related parameters and attenuated Al-induced inhibition of plasma membrane H+-ATPase activity. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) in conjunction with scanning electron microscope-energy dispersive x-ray spectrometer (SEM-EDS) revealed that B reduced Al accumulation in root cell wall, especially on pectin fractions (alkali-soluble pectin), accompanied by suppressing pectin synthesis, pectin methylesterase (PME) activity and PME expression. Furthermore, B application inhibited NRAT1 expression while increased ALS1 expression, indicating restraining Al transport from external cells to cytoplasm and accelerating accelerating vacuolar sequestration. The results were further demonstrated by transmission electron microscope-energy dispersive x-ray spectrometer (TEM-EDS) analysis. Taken together, our results indicated that B mainly promoted the efflux of H+ by regulating the plasma membrane H+-ATPase activity, and reduced the demethylation of pectin to weaken Al binding to carboxyl. More importantly, B alleviated some of the toxic effects of Al by compartmentalizing Al into vacuoles and decreasing the deposition of Al in cytoplasm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Yan
- Microelement Research Center, College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, PR China.
| | - Muhammad Riaz
- Microelement Research Center, College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, PR China; Root Biology Center, College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, PR China.
| | - Jiayou Liu
- Microelement Research Center, College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, PR China.
| | - Yalin Liu
- Microelement Research Center, College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, PR China.
| | - Yu Zeng
- Microelement Research Center, College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, PR China.
| | - Cuncang Jiang
- Microelement Research Center, College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, PR China.
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27
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Jia H, Wang X, Wei T, Wang M, Liu X, Hua L, Ren X, Guo J, Li J. Exogenous salicylic acid regulates cell wall polysaccharides synthesis and pectin methylation to reduce Cd accumulation of tomato. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 207:111550. [PMID: 33254408 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.111550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2020] [Revised: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is harmful to plant growth and can be easily transferred from soil to plants. Plant cell wall plays important role in preventing Cd from entering cells. Salicylic acid (SA) mediated defense response increases plant resistance to heavy metals. In this study, all tomato seedlings were pre-treated with 100 μM SA for 3 d, then seedlings were used to analyze the role of SA in regulating plant cell wall resistance to Cd stress. The results showed that exogenous SA significantly reduced Cd accumulation in tomato plants and changed Cd distribution. By analyzing the cell wall composition, it was found cellulose, hemicellulose, pectin, and lignin were induced by SA. Interestingly, the content of Cd in pectin decreased by SA pretreatment, however it was increased in cellulose. Gene expression analysis showed SA up-regulated the expression level of lignin and cellulose synthase genes, but down-regulated the expression of pectin methylesterase related genes. In addition, SA down-regulated the activity of pectin methylesterase. These results indicated that SA pretreatment up-regulated cell wall polysaccharide synthesis and related gene expression to thicken the cell wall and block Cd from passing through. Furthermore, SA decreased pectin methylesterase activity and content to reduce cell wall Cd accumulation and change the Cd partition ratio.
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Affiliation(s)
- HongLei Jia
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an 710021, PR China
| | - XiaoHong Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an 710021, PR China
| | - Ting Wei
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an 710021, PR China
| | - Min Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an 710021, PR China
| | - Xun Liu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an 710021, PR China
| | - Li Hua
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an 710021, PR China
| | - XinHao Ren
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an 710021, PR China
| | - JunKang Guo
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an 710021, PR China.
| | - Jisheng Li
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China.
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28
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Sawminathan S, Iyer SK. A new imidazole based phenanthridine probe for ratiometric fluorescence monitoring of methanol in biodiesel. NEW J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d0nj06252a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We prepared and characterized an array of polarity-sensitive fluorescent dyes (7and 9a, 9b and 9c). for detection of methanol
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Affiliation(s)
- Sathish Sawminathan
- Department of Chemistry
- School of Advanced Sciences
- Vellore Institute of Technology
- Vellore
- India
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29
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Sun C, Lv T, Huang L, Liu X, Jin C, Lin X. Melatonin ameliorates aluminum toxicity through enhancing aluminum exclusion and reestablishing redox homeostasis in roots of wheat. J Pineal Res 2020; 68:e12642. [PMID: 32092171 DOI: 10.1111/jpi.12642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Revised: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Melatonin is a universal regulator modulating plant development and responses to abiotic stresses. The alteration and potential roles of melatonin in mediating aluminum (Al) tolerance were investigated in two wheat genotypes differing in Al resistance. Using the high-resolution mass spectrometry, we observed that melatonin contents in Xi Aimai-1 were 1.7-fold higher than that in Yangmai-5. Application of melatonin conferred Al resistance in both genotypes. Melatonin treatment scavenged reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation and alleviated Al-induced oxidative damage to lipids and proteins by stimulating antioxidant enzymes and augmenting antioxidants. Additionally, melatonin treatment decreased root tip-Al contents by 19.0% and 15.5% in Xi Aimai-1 and Yangmai-5, respectively. Malate efflux, however, was not altered by melatonin under Al stress. The amount of cell wall polysaccharide and pectin methylesterase activity was significantly increased by Al treatment; but suppressed by melatonin. Melatonin synthesis inhibitor, p-CPA, significantly increased the amount of the Al binding in cell walls of the tolerant genotype, whereas exogenous melatonin decreased cell wall Al content in the sensitive genotype. These results suggest that melatonin alleviated Al toxicity through augmenting antioxidants and inducing antioxidant enzymes to control ROS and enhancing exclusion of Al from root apex by altering cell wall polysaccharides in wheat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengliang Sun
- MOE Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, College of Environmental & Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ting Lv
- MOE Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, College of Environmental & Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lin Huang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, College of Environmental & Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoxia Liu
- Zhejiang Provincial Cultivated Land Quality and Fertilizer Administration Station, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chongwei Jin
- MOE Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, College of Environmental & Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xianyong Lin
- MOE Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, College of Environmental & Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Subtropical Soil Science and Plant Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, College of Environmental & Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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30
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Zhu CQ, Cao XC, Bai ZG, Zhu LF, Hu WJ, Hu AY, Abliz B, Zhong C, Liang QD, Huang J, Zhang JH, Jin QY. Putrescine alleviates aluminum toxicity in rice (Oryza sativa) by reducing cell wall Al contents in an ethylene-dependent manner. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2019; 167:471-487. [PMID: 30851007 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.12961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Revised: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Aluminum (Al3+ ) toxicity in acidic soils limits crop productivity worldwide. In this study, we found that putrescine (PUT) significantly alleviates Al toxicity in rice roots. The addition of 0.1 mM PUT promoted root elongation and reduced the Al content in the root apices of Nipponbare (Nip) and Kasalath (Kas) rice under Al toxicity conditions. Exogenous treatment with PUT reduced the cell wall Al content by reducing polysaccharide (pectin and hemicellulose) levels and pectin methylesterase (PME) activity in roots and decreased the translocation of Al from the external environment to the cytoplasm by downregulating the expression of OsNRAT1, which responsible to encode an Al transporter protein Nrat1 (Nramp aluminum transporter 1). The addition of PUT under Al toxicity conditions significantly inhibited ethylene emissions and suppressed the expression of genes involved in ethylene biosynthesis. Treatment with the ethylene precursor 1-aminocylopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) significantly improved ethylene emission, inhibited root elongation, increased the Al accumulation in root tips and the root cell wall, and increased cell wall pectin and hemicellulose contents in both rice cultivars under Al toxicity conditions. The ethylene biosynthesis antagonist aminoethoxyvinylglycine (AVG, inhibitor of the ACC synthase) had the opposite effect and reduced PME activity. Together, our results show that PUT decreases the cell wall Al contents by suppressing ethylene emissions and decreases the symplastic Al levels by downregulating OsNRAT1 in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun Quan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Xiao Chuang Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Zhi Gang Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Lian Feng Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Wen Jun Hu
- Sericultural Research Institute, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - An Yong Hu
- School of Geographic Science, NanTong University, NanTong, 226019, China
| | - Buhailiqem Abliz
- Nuclear Technology Biotechnology Research Institute, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi, 830091, China
| | - Chu Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Qing Duo Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Jie Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Jun Hua Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Qian Yu Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006, China
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31
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Yang X, Yuan Q, Luo H, Li F, Mao Y, Zhao X, Du J, Li P, Ju X, Zheng Y, Chen Y, Liu Y, Jiang H, Yao Y, Ma H, Ma Y. Systematic design and in vitro validation of novel one-carbon assimilation pathways. Metab Eng 2019; 56:142-153. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ymben.2019.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Revised: 08/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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32
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Zhu CQ, Hu WJ, Cao XC, Zhu LF, Bai ZG, Liang QD, Huang J, Jin QY, Zhang JH. Hydrogen peroxide alleviates P starvation in rice by facilitating P remobilization from the root cell wall. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2019; 240:153003. [PMID: 31279219 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2019.153003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Revised: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Phosphorus (P) deficiency limits rice production. Increasing the remobilization of P stored in the root cell wall is an efficient way to alleviate P starvation in rice. In the current study, we found that the addition of 50 μM H2O2 significantly increased soluble P content in rice. H2O2 stimulated pectin biosynthesis and increased pectin methylesterase (PME) activity, thus stimulating the release of P from the cell wall in roots. H2O2 also regulates internal P homeostasis by increasing the expression of P transporter genes OsPT2, OsPT6, and OsPT8 at different treatment times. In addition, the H2O2 treatment increased the expression of nitrate reductase (NR) genes OsNIA1 and OsNIA2 and the activity of NR, then increased the accumulation of nitric oxide (NO) in the rice root. The application of the NO donor sodium nitroprusside (SNP) and the H2O2 scavenger 4-hydroxy-TEMPO significantly increased soluble P content by increasing pectin levels and PME activity to enhance the remobilization of P from the cell wall. However, the addition of NO scavenger 2-(4-carboxyphenyl)-4, 4, 5, 5-tetramethylimidazoline-1-oxyl-3-oxide (c-PTIO) with and without H2O2 had the opposite effect, suggesting that NO functions downstream of H2O2 to increase the remobilization of cell wall P in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun Quan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, China.
| | - Wen Jun Hu
- Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, China.
| | - Xiao Chuang Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, China.
| | - Lian Feng Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, China.
| | - Zhi Gang Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, China.
| | - Qing Duo Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, China.
| | - Jie Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, China.
| | - Qian Yu Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, China.
| | - Jun Hua Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, China.
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33
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L'Enfant M, Kutudila P, Rayon C, Domon JM, Shin WH, Kihara D, Wadouachi A, Pelloux J, Pourceau G, Pau-Roblot C. Lactose derivatives as potential inhibitors of pectin methylesterases. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 132:1140-1146. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.04.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Revised: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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34
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Li H, Zheng X, Tao L, Yang Y, Gao L, Xiong J. Aeration Increases Cadmium (Cd) Retention by Enhancing Iron Plaque Formation and Regulating Pectin Synthesis in the Roots of Rice (Oryza sativa) Seedlings. RICE (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2019; 12:28. [PMID: 31049745 PMCID: PMC6497704 DOI: 10.1186/s12284-019-0291-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aeration and water management increasing rhizosphere oxygen amount significantly promote rice (Oryza sativa) growth and yield, but the effect of root aeration on cadmium (Cd) toxicity and accumulation in rice seedlings under hydroponic culture remains unclear. RESULTS Results showed that aeration promoted rice seedling growth and alleviated Cd toxicity. Transverse section discovered that Cd accelerated root mature and senescence while aeration delayed the mature and senescence of roots. Non-invasive Micro-test Technology (NMT) showed that aeration increased net O2 and Cd2+ influxes on the surface of roots while decreased net Cd2+ influx in xylem. Perls blue staining showed that aeration and Cd treatments increased iron plaque formation on the surface of roots. Results of metal concentration analysis showed that besides increasing Cd retention in iron plaque, aeration also increasing Cd retention in the cell wall of rice roots. Cell wall component analysis showed that aeration not only increased pectin content but also decreased pectin methylesterification degree (PMD) by increasing pectin methylesterase (PME) activity. CONCLUSIONS All of these results indicate that aeration not only delays root mature and senescence but also increases Cd retention in roots by enhancing iron plaque formation and regulating pectin synthesis in the roots of rice seedlings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hubo Li
- School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiuwen Zheng
- School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, People's Republic of China
| | - Longxing Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongjie Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Gao
- School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Xiong
- School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, People's Republic of China.
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35
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Zhu CQ, Cao XC, Zhu LF, Hu WJ, Hu AY, Abliz B, Bai ZG, Huang J, Liang QD, Sajid H, Li YF, Wang LP, Jin QY, Zhang JH. Boron reduces cell wall aluminum content in rice (Oryza sativa) roots by decreasing H 2O 2 accumulation. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2019; 138:80-90. [PMID: 30852240 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2019.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2018] [Revised: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
When boron (B) deficiency and aluminum (Al) toxicity co-exist in acidic soils, crop productivity is limited. In the current study, we found that 3 μM of B pretreatment significantly enhances rice root elongation under Al toxicity conditions. Pretreatment with B significantly decreases the deposition of Al in rice apoplasts, suppresses the synthesis of cell wall pectin, inhibits cell wall pectin methylesterase (PME) activity and its gene expression, and increases the expression of OsSTAR1 and OsSTAR2, which are responsible for reducing the Al content in the cell walls. In addition, B pretreatment significantly increases OsALS1 expression, thereby facilitating the transfer of Al from the cytoplasm to the vacuoles. However, B pretreatment had no effect on Al uptake and citric acid secretion. Pretreatment with B significantly increases the activity of ascorbate peroxidase (APX), peroxidase (POD), and catalase (CAT), thus increasing the elimination rate of H2O2 in rice roots. Co-treatment using B and H2O2 does not increase root growth under Al toxicity conditions; it also improves pectin synthesis, enhances PME activity, and increases Al deposition in root cell walls. However, the co-treatment of B and H2O2 scavenger 4-hydroxy-TEMPO has an opposite effect. The above results indicate that applying B fertilizers in acidic soil can help decrease the side effects of Al toxicity on rice growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun Quan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Xiao Chuang Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Lian Feng Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Wen Jun Hu
- Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, China
| | - An Yong Hu
- School of Geographic Science, NanTong University, NanTong, 226019, China
| | - Buhailiqem Abliz
- Nuclear Technology Biotechnology Research Institute, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi, 830091, China
| | - Zhi Gang Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Jie Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Qing Duo Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Hussain Sajid
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Ye Feng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Li Ping Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Qian Yu Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Jun Hua Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, China.
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Guo B, Liu C, Gibson C, Frigon D. Wastewater microbial community structure and functional traits change over short timescales. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 662:779-785. [PMID: 30708293 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.01.207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Revised: 12/31/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Wastewater contains microorganisms coming from various sources, e.g. feces discharges, soil infiltrations and sewer biofilms and sediments. The primary objective of this work was to determine if end-of-pipe wastewater microbial community structures exhibits short-timescale variation, and assess possible microbial origins. To this end, we measured hourly physicochemical characteristics of wastewater influent for 2 days and analyzed the microbial community at 4-h intervals using 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing. Results showed large variations in the microbial community composition at phylum and genus levels, i.e. Proteobacteria ranged from 44 to 63% of the total relative abundance and Arcobacter ranged from 11 to 22%. Diurnal patterns were observed in the alpha-diversity, beta-diversity and the prevalence of several taxa. Wastewater physicochemical characteristics explained 61% of the total microbial community variance by Canonical Correspondence Analysis (CCA), with flow rate being the main explanatory variable exhibiting a clear diurnal profile. Comparison with public databases using closed reference OTUs revealed that only 7.3% of the sequences were shared with human gut microbiota and 21.7% with soil microbiota, the majority being from the sewer biofilms and sediments. The functional trait, weighted average ribosomal RNA operon (rrn) copy number per genome, was found to be relatively high in the wastewater microbiota (average 3.6, soil 2.1, and human gut 2.6) and significantly correlated with flow, inferring active microbial enrichments in the sewer. The prevalence of Methylophilaceae, methanol oxidation genes and denitrification genes were related to high influent methanol and NO3- concentration in the influent wastewater. These functional organisms and genes indicate important carbon and nutrient removal related functions in the sewer. Together, the observed temporal patterns of the microbial community and functional traits suggest that high wastewater flow causes greater transport of active sewer microorganisms which are functionally important.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Guo
- Department of Civil Engineering and Applied Mechanics, McGill University, 817 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0C3, Canada
| | - Chenxiao Liu
- Department of Civil Engineering and Applied Mechanics, McGill University, 817 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0C3, Canada
| | - Claire Gibson
- Department of Civil Engineering and Applied Mechanics, McGill University, 817 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0C3, Canada
| | - Dominic Frigon
- Department of Civil Engineering and Applied Mechanics, McGill University, 817 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0C3, Canada.
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Riaz M, Yan L, Wu X, Hussain S, Aziz O, Jiang C. Boron supply maintains efficient antioxidant system, cell wall components and reduces aluminum concentration in roots of trifoliate orange. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2019; 137:93-101. [PMID: 30771565 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2019.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Revised: 02/07/2019] [Accepted: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Aluminum (Al) toxicity in the acid soils (pH ≤ 5) is the major limiting abiotic factor affecting the productivity of crops. Boron (B) has been reported to alleviate Al toxicity. In spite of recent advances, it is not clear how B relieves Al toxicity. Results demonstrated that Al toxicity hampered the root elongation. Moreover, lumogallion fluorescent molecular probe unequivocally localized mostly bound Al to the periphery of the cell wall (CW) and to the nuclei. Additionally, Al toxicity induced variations in the CW components through the accumulation of pectin and hemicellulose. Nevertheless, B supply reduced callose deposition, increased root growth and reduced changes in the CW components under Al toxicity. Moreover, B supply reduced the un-methylated pectin while increased the degree of methyl esterification of pectin. These results imply that B due to its role in the CW formation could reduce aluminum-induced negative effects on plant growth by attenuating apoplastic Al3+ and changes in the CW components which ultimately results in the improved root growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Riaz
- Microelement Research Center, College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, PR China
| | - Lei Yan
- Microelement Research Center, College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, PR China
| | - Xiuwen Wu
- Microelement Research Center, College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, PR China
| | - Saddam Hussain
- Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, 38040, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Omar Aziz
- Microelement Research Center, College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, PR China
| | - Cuncang Jiang
- Microelement Research Center, College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, PR China.
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38
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Dranca F, Oroian M. Extraction, purification and characterization of pectin from alternative sources with potential technological applications. Food Res Int 2018; 113:327-350. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2018.06.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2018] [Revised: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Rashid GMM, Zhang X, Wilkinson RC, Fülöp V, Cottyn B, Baumberger S, Bugg TDH. Sphingobacterium sp. T2 Manganese Superoxide Dismutase Catalyzes the Oxidative Demethylation of Polymeric Lignin via Generation of Hydroxyl Radical. ACS Chem Biol 2018; 13:2920-2929. [PMID: 30247873 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.8b00557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Sphingobacterium sp. T2 contains two extracellular manganese superoxide dismutase enzymes which exhibit unprecedented activity for lignin oxidation but via an unknown mechanism. Enzymatic treatment of lignin model compounds gave products whose structures were indicative of aryl-Cα oxidative cleavage and demethylation, as well as alkene dihydroxylation and alcohol oxidation. 18O labeling studies on the SpMnSOD-catalyzed oxidation of lignin model compound guiaiacylglycerol-β-guaiacyl ether indicated that the an oxygen atom inserted by the enzyme is derived from superoxide or peroxide. Analysis of an alkali lignin treated by SpMnSOD1 by quantitative 31P NMR spectroscopy demonstrated 20-40% increases in phenolic and aliphatic OH content, consistent with lignin demethylation and some internal oxidative cleavage reactions. Assay for hydroxyl radical generation using a fluorometric hydroxyphenylfluorescein assay revealed the release of 4.1 molar equivalents of hydroxyl radical by SpMnSOD1. Four amino acid replacements in SpMnSOD1 were investigated, and A31H or Y27H site-directed mutant enzymes were found to show no lignin demethylation activity according to 31P NMR analysis. Structure determination of the A31H and Y27H mutant enzymes reveals the repositioning of an N-terminal protein loop, leading to widening of a solvent channel at the dimer interface, which would provide increased solvent access to the Mn center for hydroxyl radical generation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Betty Cottyn
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRA, AgroParisTech, CNRS,
Université Paris-Saclay, 78000 Versailles, France
| | - Stéphanie Baumberger
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRA, AgroParisTech, CNRS,
Université Paris-Saclay, 78000 Versailles, France
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40
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Nguyen QT, Romero E, Dijkman WP, de Vasconcellos SP, Binda C, Mattevi A, Fraaije MW. Structure-Based Engineering of Phanerochaete chrysosporium Alcohol Oxidase for Enhanced Oxidative Power toward Glycerol. Biochemistry 2018; 57:6209-6218. [PMID: 30272958 PMCID: PMC6210165 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.8b00918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Glycerol
is a major byproduct of biodiesel production, and enzymes
that oxidize this compound have been long sought after. The recently
described alcohol oxidase from the white-rot basidiomycete Phanerochaete chrysosporium (PcAOX) was reported to feature
very mild activity on glycerol. Here, we describe the comprehensive
structural and biochemical characterization of this enzyme. PcAOX
was expressed in Escherichia coli in high yields
and displayed high thermostability. Steady-state kinetics revealed
that PcAOX is highly active toward methanol, ethanol, and 1-propanol
(kcat = 18, 19, and 11 s–1, respectively), but showed very limited activity toward glycerol
(kobs = 0.2 s–1 at 2
M substrate). The crystal structure of the homo-octameric PcAOX was
determined at a resolution of 2.6 Å. The catalytic center is
a remarkable solvent-inaccessible cavity located at the re side of the flavin cofactor. Its small size explains the observed
preference for methanol and ethanol as best substrates. These findings
led us to design several cavity-enlarging mutants with significantly
improved activity toward glycerol. Among them, the F101S variant had
a high kcat value of 3 s–1, retaining a high degree of thermostability. The crystal structure
of F101S PcAOX was solved, confirming the site of mutation and the
larger substrate-binding pocket. Our data demonstrate that PcAOX is
a very promising enzyme for glycerol biotransformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quoc-Thai Nguyen
- Molecular Enzymology Group, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute , University of Groningen , Nijenborgh 4 , 9747 AG Groningen , The Netherlands.,Scuola Universitaria Superiore IUSS Pavia , Piazza della Vittoria 15 , 27100 Pavia , Italy.,Faculty of Pharmacy , University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City , 41 Dinh Tien Hoang Street, Ben Nghe Ward, District 1 , Ho Chi Minh City , Vietnam
| | - Elvira Romero
- Molecular Enzymology Group, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute , University of Groningen , Nijenborgh 4 , 9747 AG Groningen , The Netherlands
| | - Willem P Dijkman
- Molecular Enzymology Group, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute , University of Groningen , Nijenborgh 4 , 9747 AG Groningen , The Netherlands
| | - Suzan Pantaroto de Vasconcellos
- Molecular Enzymology Group, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute , University of Groningen , Nijenborgh 4 , 9747 AG Groningen , The Netherlands.,Department of Biological Science , Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP) , Diadema , SP 09913-030 , Brazil
| | - Claudia Binda
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology , University of Pavia , Via Ferrata 1 , 27100 Pavia , Italy
| | - Andrea Mattevi
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology , University of Pavia , Via Ferrata 1 , 27100 Pavia , Italy
| | - Marco W Fraaije
- Molecular Enzymology Group, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute , University of Groningen , Nijenborgh 4 , 9747 AG Groningen , The Netherlands
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Mangkorn N, Kanokratana P, Roongsawang N, Laobuthee A, Laosiripojana N, Champreda V. Synthesis and characterization of Ogataea thermomethanolica alcohol oxidase immobilized on barium ferrite magnetic microparticles. J Biosci Bioeng 2018; 127:265-272. [PMID: 30243531 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2018.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2018] [Revised: 08/05/2018] [Accepted: 08/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Alcohol oxidase catalyzes the oxidation of primary alcohols into the corresponding aldehydes, making it a potential biocatalyst in the chemical industry. However, the high production cost and poor operational stability of this enzyme are limitations for industrial application. Immobilization of enzyme onto solid supports is a useful strategy for improving enzyme stability. In this work, alcohol oxidase from the thermotolerant methylotrophic yeast Ogataea thermomethanolica (OthAOX) was covalently immobilized onto barium ferrite (BaFe12O19) magnetic microparticles. Among different conditions tested, the highest immobilization efficiency of 71.0 % and catalytic activity of 34.6 U/g was obtained. Immobilization of OthAOX onto magnetic support was shown by Fourier-Transformed infrared microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction. The immobilized OthAOX worked optimally at 55 °C and pH 8.0. Immobilization also improved thermostability, in which >65% of the initial immobilized enzyme activity was retained after 24 h pre-incubation at 45 °C. The immobilized enzyme showed a greater catalytic efficiency for oxidation of methanol and ethanol than free enzyme. The immobilized enzyme could be recovered by magnetization and recycled for at least three consecutive batches, after which 70% activity remained. The properties of the immobilized enzyme suggest its potential industrial application for synthesis of aldehyde.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natthaya Mangkorn
- Joint Graduate School for Energy and Environment (JGSEE), King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi, Bangmod, Bangkok 10140, Thailand
| | - Pattanop Kanokratana
- Enzyme Technology Laboratory, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Phahonyothin Road, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
| | - Niran Roongsawang
- Microbial Cell Factory Laboratory, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Phahonyothin Road, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
| | - Apirat Laobuthee
- Department of Material Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Kaetsart University, Chatuchak, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
| | - Navadol Laosiripojana
- Joint Graduate School for Energy and Environment (JGSEE), King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi, Bangmod, Bangkok 10140, Thailand; JGSEE-BIOTEC Integrative Biorefinery Laboratory, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Innovative Cluster 2 Building, Phahonyothin Road, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
| | - Verawat Champreda
- Enzyme Technology Laboratory, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Phahonyothin Road, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand; JGSEE-BIOTEC Integrative Biorefinery Laboratory, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Innovative Cluster 2 Building, Phahonyothin Road, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand.
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42
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Yan L, Riaz M, Wu X, Du C, Liu Y, Jiang C. Ameliorative effects of boron on aluminum induced variations of cell wall cellulose and pectin components in trifoliate orange (Poncirus trifoliate (L.) Raf.) rootstock. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2018; 240:764-774. [PMID: 29778812 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2018] [Revised: 04/20/2018] [Accepted: 05/07/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Aluminum (Al) phytotoxicity is a major limitation in the production of crops in the soils with pH ≤ 5. Boron (B) is indispensable nutrient for the development of higher plants and B role has been reported in the alleviation Al toxicity. Trifoliate orange rootstock was grown in two B and two Al concentrations. The results of the present study showed that Al toxicity adversely inhibited root elongation and exhibited higher oxidative stress in terms of H2O2 and O2- under B-deficiency. Additionally, the X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis confirmed the increase of the cellulose crystallinity in the cell wall (CW). Al-induced remarkable variations in the CW components were prominent in terms of alkali-soluble pectin, 2-keto-3-deoxyoctonic acid (KDO) and the degree of methyl-esterification (DME) of pectin. Interesting, B supply reduced the pectin (alkali-soluble) under Al toxicity. Moreover, the results of FTIR (Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy) and 13C-NMR (13C nuclear magnetic resonance) spectra revealed the decrease of carboxyl groups and cellulose by B application during Al exposure. Furthermore, B supply tended to decrease the Al uptake, CW thickness and callose formation. The study concluded that B could mitigate Al phytotoxicity by shielding potential Al binding sites and by reducing Al induced alterations in the CW cellulose and pectin components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Yan
- Microelement Research Center, College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, PR China
| | - Muhammad Riaz
- Microelement Research Center, College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, PR China
| | - Xiuwen Wu
- Microelement Research Center, College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, PR China
| | - Chenqing Du
- Microelement Research Center, College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, PR China
| | - Yalin Liu
- Microelement Research Center, College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, PR China
| | - Cuncang Jiang
- Microelement Research Center, College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, PR China.
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43
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A Pichia pastoris single-cell biosensor for detection of enzymatically produced methanol. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2018; 102:7017-7027. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-018-9144-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Revised: 05/23/2018] [Accepted: 05/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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44
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Riaz M, Yan L, Wu X, Hussain S, Aziz O, Imran M, Rana MS, Jiang C. Boron reduces aluminum-induced growth inhibition, oxidative damage and alterations in the cell wall components in the roots of trifoliate orange. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2018; 153:107-115. [PMID: 29425841 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2017] [Revised: 01/29/2018] [Accepted: 02/02/2018] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Aluminum (Al) toxicity is a major restriction for crops production on acidic soils. The primary symptom of aluminum toxicity is visible in the roots of plants. Recently, several studies reported the alleviation of Al toxicity by the application of Boron (B), however, the information how B alleviates Al toxicity is not well understood. Thus, we investigated the ameliorative response of B on Al-induced growth inhibition, oxidative damages, and variations in the cell wall components in trifoliate orange roots. The results indicated that plants under Al stress experienced a substantial decrement in root length and overall plant growth. The supply of B improved the root elongation by eliminating oxidative stress, membrane peroxidation, membrane leakage, and cell death produced under Al toxicity. Moreover, accumulation of Al on the cell wall and alteration in the cell wall components might be one of the causes resulting in the quick inhibition of root elongation under B-starvation circumstances by providing susceptible negative charges on pectin matrix for binding of Al. The results provide a useful understanding of the insight into mechanisms of B-induced mitigation of Al toxicity especially in the trifoliate orange that might be helpful in the production of crops on acidic soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Riaz
- Microelement Research Center, College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, PR China
| | - Lei Yan
- Microelement Research Center, College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, PR China
| | - Xiuwen Wu
- Microelement Research Center, College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, PR China
| | - Saddam Hussain
- Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, 38040 Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Omar Aziz
- Microelement Research Center, College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, PR China
| | - Muhammad Imran
- Microelement Research Center, College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, PR China
| | - Muhammad Shoaib Rana
- Microelement Research Center, College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, PR China
| | - Cuncang Jiang
- Microelement Research Center, College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, PR China.
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45
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Mangkorn N, Kanokratana P, Roongsawang N, Laosiripojana N, Champreda V. Purification, characterization, and stabilization of alcohol oxidase from Ogataea thermomethanolica. Protein Expr Purif 2018; 150:26-32. [PMID: 29738827 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2018.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2017] [Revised: 05/02/2018] [Accepted: 05/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Alcohol oxidase (AOX) functions in oxidation of primary alcohols into the corresponding aldehydes with potential on catalyzing synthesis reactions in chemical industry. In this study, AOX from a thermotolerant methylotrophic yeast, Ogataea thermomethanolica (OthAOX) was purified to high homogeneity using a single step chromatographic separation on a DEAE-Sepharose column. The purified OthAOX had a specific activity of 15.34 U/mg with 77.5% recovery yield. The enzyme worked optimally at 50 °C in an alkaline range (pH 9.0). According to kinetic analysis, OthAOX showed a higher affinity toward short-chain aliphatic primary alcohol with the Vmax, Km, and kcat of 0.24 nmol/min, 0.27 mM, and 3628.8 min-1, respectively against methanol. Addition of alginic acid (0.35%) showed a protective effect on enhancing thermal stability of the enzyme, resulting in 72% increase in its half-life at 40 °C under the operational conditions. This enzyme represents a promising candidate for conversion of bioethanol to acetaldehyde as secondary chemical in biorefinery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natthaya Mangkorn
- Joint Graduate School for Energy and Environment (JGSEE), King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi, Bangmod, Bangkok 10140, Thailand
| | - Pattanop Kanokratana
- Enzyme Technology Laboratory, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Phahonyothin Road, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
| | - Niran Roongsawang
- Microbial Cell Factory Laboratory, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Phahonyothin Road, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
| | - Navadol Laosiripojana
- Joint Graduate School for Energy and Environment (JGSEE), King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi, Bangmod, Bangkok 10140, Thailand; JGSEE-BIOTEC Integrative Biorefinery Laboratory, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Innovative Cluster 2 Building, Phahonyothin Road, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
| | - Verawat Champreda
- Enzyme Technology Laboratory, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Phahonyothin Road, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand; JGSEE-BIOTEC Integrative Biorefinery Laboratory, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Innovative Cluster 2 Building, Phahonyothin Road, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand.
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Hämäläinen V, Grönroos T, Suonpää A, Heikkilä MW, Romein B, Ihalainen P, Malandra S, Birikh KR. Enzymatic Processes to Unlock the Lignin Value. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2018; 6:20. [PMID: 29623274 PMCID: PMC5874288 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2018.00020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Accepted: 02/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Main hurdles of lignin valorization are its diverse chemical composition, recalcitrance, and poor solubility due to high-molecular weight and branched structure. Controlled fragmentation of lignin could lead to its use in higher value products such as binders, coatings, fillers, etc. Oxidative enzymes (i.e., laccases and peroxidases) have long been proposed as a potentially promising tool in lignin depolymerization. However, their application was limited to ambient pH, where lignin is poorly soluble in water. A Finnish biotechnology company, MetGen Oy, that designs and supplies industrial enzymes, has developed and brought to market several lignin oxidizing enzymes, including an extremely alkaline lignin oxidase MetZyme® LIGNO™, a genetically engineered laccase of bacterial origin. This enzyme can function at pH values as high as 10–11 and at elevated temperatures, addressing lignin at its soluble state. In this article, main characteristics of this enzyme as well as its action on bulk lignin coming from an industrial process are demonstrated. Lignin modification by MetZyme® LIGNO™ was characterized by size exclusion chromatography, UV spectroscopy, and dynamic light scattering for monitoring particle size of solubilized lignin. Under highly alkaline conditions, laccase treatment not only decreased molecular weight of lignin but also increased its solubility in water and altered its dispersion properties. Importantly, organic solvent-free soluble lignin fragmentation allowed for robust industrially relevant membrane separation technologies to be applicable for product fractionation. These enzyme-based solutions open new opportunities for biorefinery lignin valorization thus paving the way for economically viable biorefinery business.
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47
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Safari M, Ghanati F, Safarnejad MR, Chashmi NA. The contribution of cell wall composition in the expansion of Camellia sinensis seedlings roots in response to aluminum. PLANTA 2018; 247:381-392. [PMID: 29022073 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-017-2792-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2017] [Accepted: 10/04/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Treatment with aluminum triggers a unique response in tea seedlings resulting in biochemical modification of the cell wall, regulation of the activity of the loosening agents, and elongation of root. Unlike most terrestrial plants, tea (Camellia sinensis L.) responds to aluminum (Al) through the promotion of its root elongation; but the real mechanism(s) behind this phenomenon is not well understood. A plausible relationship between the modifications of the cell wall and the promotion of root elongation was examined in tea seedlings treated for 8 days with 400 µM Al. The mechanical properties of the cell wall, the composition of its polysaccharides and their capacity to absorb Al, the expression of genes, and the activities of the wall-modifying proteins were studied. With 6 h of the treatment, about 40% of the absorbed Al was bound to the cell wall; however, the amount did not increase thereafter. Meanwhile, the activity of pectin methylesterase, the level of pectin demethylation, the amounts and the average molecular mass of xyloglucan in the root apices significantly decreased upon exposure to Al, resulting in the reduction of Al binding sites. On the other hand, the activity and the gene expression of peroxidase decreased, whereas the activity and gene expression of xyloglucan-degrading enzymes, the expression of expansin A and the H +-ATPase4 genes increased in the Al-treated plants. Interestingly, it was accompanied by the increase of elastic and viscous extensibility of the root apices. From the results, it can be suggested that the biochemical modification of the cell walls reduces sites of Al binding to roots and triggers the activity of the loosening agents, thereby increasing the length of tea roots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masoumeh Safari
- Department of Plant Biology, Faculty of Biological Science, Tarbiat Modares University (TMU), P.O. Box 14115-154, Tehran, Iran
| | - Faezeh Ghanati
- Department of Plant Biology, Faculty of Biological Science, Tarbiat Modares University (TMU), P.O. Box 14115-154, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Reza Safarnejad
- Research Department of Plant Viruses, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection (IRIPP), Tehran, Iran
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Benvidi A, Dehghan Tezerjani M, Dehghani Firouzabadi A, Rezaeinasab M, Mazloum Ardakani M, Kianfar AH, Sedighipoor M. Investigation of Methanol Behavior at the Designed Electrochemical Sensor based on Ni(II) Complex and Graphene Nanosheets. J CHIN CHEM SOC-TAIP 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/jccs.201700284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ali Benvidi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science; Yazd University; Yazd I. R. Iran
| | | | | | - Masoud Rezaeinasab
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science; Yazd University; Yazd I. R. Iran
| | | | - Ali Hossein Kianfar
- Department of Chemistry; Isfahan University of Technology; Isfahan I. R. Iran
| | - Maryam Sedighipoor
- Department of Chemistry; Isfahan University of Technology; Isfahan I. R. Iran
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Zhu CQ, Zhang JH, Sun LM, Zhu LF, Abliz B, Hu WJ, Zhong C, Bai ZG, Sajid H, Cao XC, Jin QY. Hydrogen Sulfide Alleviates Aluminum Toxicity via Decreasing Apoplast and Symplast Al Contents in Rice. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:294. [PMID: 29559992 PMCID: PMC5845667 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.00294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2017] [Accepted: 02/20/2018] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) plays a vital role in Al3+ stress resistance in plants, but the underlying mechanism is unclear. In the present study, pretreatment with 2 μM of the H2S donor NaHS significantly alleviated the inhibition of root elongation caused by Al toxicity in rice roots, which was accompanied by a decrease in Al contents in root tips under 50 μM Al3+ treatment. NaHS pretreatment decreased the negative charge in cell walls by reducing the activity of pectin methylesterase and decreasing the pectin and hemicellulose contents in rice roots. This treatment also masked Al-binding sites in the cell wall by upregulating the expression of OsSATR1 and OsSTAR2 in roots and reduced Al binding in the cell wall by stimulating the expression of the citrate acid exudation gene OsFRDL4 and increasing the secretion of citrate acid. In addition, NaHS pretreatment decreased the symplasmic Al content by downregulating the expression of OsNRAT1, and increasing the translocation of cytoplasmic Al to the vacuole via upregulating the expression of OsALS1. The increment of antioxidant enzyme [superoxide dismutase (SOD), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), catalase (CAT), and peroxidase (POD)] activity with NaHS pretreatment significantly decreased the MDA and H2O2 content in rice roots, thereby reducing the damage of Al3+ toxicity on membrane integrity in rice. H2S exhibits crosstalk with nitric oxide (NO) in response to Al toxicity, and through reducing NO content in root tips to alleviate Al toxicity. Together, this study establishes that H2S alleviates Al toxicity by decreasing the Al content in the apoplast and symplast of rice roots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun Q. Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jun H. Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, China
| | - Li M. Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, China Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Lian F. Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, China
| | - Buhailiqem Abliz
- Nuclear Technology Biotechnology Research Institute, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ürümqi, China
| | - Wen J. Hu
- Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chu Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhi G. Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hussain Sajid
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiao C. Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Xiao C. Cao, Qian Y. Jin, ;,
| | - Qian Y. Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Xiao C. Cao, Qian Y. Jin, ;,
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50
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Wu X, Riaz M, Yan L, Du C, Liu Y, Jiang C. Boron Deficiency in Trifoliate Orange Induces Changes in Pectin Composition and Architecture of Components in Root Cell Walls. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:1882. [PMID: 29167675 PMCID: PMC5682329 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.01882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2017] [Accepted: 10/17/2017] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Boron (B) is a micronutrient indispensable for citrus and B deficiency causes a considerable loss of productivity and quality in China. However, studies on pectin composition and architecture of cell wall components in trifoliate orange roots under B deficiency condition are not sufficient. In this study, we investigated the alteration in pectin characteristics and the architecture of cell wall components in trifoliate orange [Poncirus trifoliata (L.) Raf.] roots under B starvation. The results showed that B-deficient roots resulted in a significant enlargement of root tips and an obvious decrease in cell wall B and uronic acid content in Na2CO3-soluble pectin compared with B-adequate roots. Meanwhile, they showed a decrease of 2-keto-3-deoxyoctanoic acid in CDTA-soluble and Na2CO3-soluble pectin in cell walls, while the degree of methylation (DM) of CDTA-soluble pectin was significantly increased under B deficiency. Transmission electron microscope (TEM) micrographs of B deficient plants showed a distinct thickening of the cell walls, with the thickness 1.82 times greater than that of control plant roots. The results from Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) showed that B deficiency changed the mode of hydrogen bonding between protein and carbohydrates (cellulose and hemicellulose). The FTIR spectra exhibited a destroyed protein structure and accumulation of wax and cellulose in the cell walls under B starvation. The 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (13C-NMR) spectra showed that B starvation changed the organic carbon structure of cell walls, and enhanced the contents of amino acid, cellulose, phenols, and lignin in the cell wall. The results reveal that the swelling and weakened structural integrity of cell walls, which induced by alteration on the network of pectin and cell wall components and structure in B-deficient roots, could be a major cause of occurrence of the rapid interruption of growth and significantly enlarged root tips in trifoliate orange roots under B-insufficient condition.
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