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Das T, Chatterjee N, Capanoglu E, Lorenzo JM, Das AK, Dhar P. The synergistic ramification of insoluble dietary fiber and associated non-extractable polyphenols on gut microbial population escorting alleviation of lifestyle diseases. Food Chem X 2023; 18:100697. [PMID: 37206320 PMCID: PMC10189415 DOI: 10.1016/j.fochx.2023.100697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Most of the pertinent research which aims at exploring the therapeutic effects of polyphenols usually misapprehends a large fraction of non-extractable polyphenols due to their poor aqueous-organic solvent extractability. These polymeric polyphenols (i.e., proanthocyanins, hydrolysable tannins and phenolic acids) possess a unique property to adhere to the food matrix polysaccharides and protein sowing to their structural complexity with high glycosylation, degree of polymerization, and plenty of hydroxyl groups. Surprisingly resistance to intestinal absorption does not hinder its bioactivity but accelerates its functionality manifolds due to the colonic microbial catabolism in the gastrointestinal tract, thereby protecting the body from local and systemic inflammatory diseases. This review highlights not only the chemistry, digestion, colonic metabolism of non-extractable polyphenols (NEPP) but also summarises the synergistic effect of matrix-bound NEPP exerting local as well as systemic health benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trina Das
- Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Food and Nutrition Division, Department of Home Science, University of Calcutta, 20B Judges Court Road, Alipore, Kolkata 700027, West Bengal, India
| | - Niloy Chatterjee
- Centre for Research in Nanoscience & Nanotechnology, University of Calcutta, JD 2, Sector III, Salt Lake City, Kolkata 700 098, India
| | - Esra Capanoglu
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Chemical & Metallurgical Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, 34469, Maslak, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Jose M. Lorenzo
- Centro Tecnológico de la Carne de Galicia, Avd. Galicia n° 4, Parque Tecnológico de Galicia, San Cibrao das Viñas, 32900 Ourense, Spain
- Universidade de Vigo, Área de Tecnología de los Alimentos, Facultad de Ciencias de Ourense, 32004 Ourense, Spain
- Corresponding authors at: Centro Tecnológico de la Carne de Galicia, Avd. Galicia n° 4, Parque Tecnológico de Galicia, San Cibrao das Viñas, 32900 Ourense, Spain (E. Capanoglu).
| | - Arun K. Das
- Eastern Regional Station, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, 37 Belgachia Road, Kolkata-700037, West Bengal, India
| | - Pubali Dhar
- Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Food and Nutrition Division, Department of Home Science, University of Calcutta, 20B Judges Court Road, Alipore, Kolkata 700027, West Bengal, India
- Corresponding authors at: Centro Tecnológico de la Carne de Galicia, Avd. Galicia n° 4, Parque Tecnológico de Galicia, San Cibrao das Viñas, 32900 Ourense, Spain (E. Capanoglu).
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Guo J, Wang P, Cui Y, Hu X, Chen F, Ma C. Protective Effects of Hydroxyphenyl Propionic Acids on Lipid Metabolism and Gut Microbiota in Mice Fed a High-Fat Diet. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15041043. [PMID: 36839401 PMCID: PMC9959022 DOI: 10.3390/nu15041043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 02/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Gut microbiota imbalances lead to the pathogenesis of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), which is primarily accompanied by hepatic steatosis. Hydroxyphenyl propionic acids (HPP) have shown great potential in inhibiting lipid accumulation but their protective effects concerning NAFLD and intestinal microbiota have remained unclear. In this paper, we investigated the efficacies of 3-HPP and 4-HPP on hepatic steatosis and gut flora in mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD). We found that 3-HPP and 4-HPP administration decreased body weight and liver index, ameliorated dyslipidemia, and alleviated hepatic steatosis. Furthermore, 3-HPP and 4-HPP enhanced the multiformity of gut microbiota; improved the relative abundance of GCA-900066575, unidentified_Lachnospiraceae, and Lachnospiraceae_UCG-006 at genus level; increased concentration of acetic acid, propionic acid and butanoic acid in faeces; and reduced systemic endotoxin levels in NAFLD mice. Moreover, 4-HPP upregulated the relative abundance of genera Rikenella and downregulated the relative abundance of Faecalibaculum. Furthermore, 3-HPP and 4-HPP regulated lipid metabolism and ameliorated gut dysbiosis in NAFLD mice and 4-HPP was more effective than 3-HPP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingling Guo
- Key Laboratory of Fruits and Vegetable Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Engineering Research Centre for Fruits and Vegetables Processing, National Engineering Research Center for Fruit and Vegetable Processing, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Pan Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products of Fruits and Vegetables Preservation and Processing, Key Laboratory of Vegetable Postharvest Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Agri-Food Processing and Nutrition, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Yifan Cui
- Key Laboratory of Fruits and Vegetable Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Engineering Research Centre for Fruits and Vegetables Processing, National Engineering Research Center for Fruit and Vegetable Processing, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Xiaosong Hu
- Key Laboratory of Fruits and Vegetable Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Engineering Research Centre for Fruits and Vegetables Processing, National Engineering Research Center for Fruit and Vegetable Processing, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Fang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Fruits and Vegetable Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Engineering Research Centre for Fruits and Vegetables Processing, National Engineering Research Center for Fruit and Vegetable Processing, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Chen Ma
- Key Laboratory of Fruits and Vegetable Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Engineering Research Centre for Fruits and Vegetables Processing, National Engineering Research Center for Fruit and Vegetable Processing, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-158-4777-3782
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Zhang NN, Jiang ZM, Li SZ, Yang X, Liu EH. Evolving interplay between natural products and gut microbiota. Eur J Pharmacol 2023; 949:175557. [PMID: 36716810 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2023.175557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Growing evidence suggests gut microbiota status affects human health, and microbiota imbalance will induce multiple disorders. Natural products are gaining increasing attention for their therapeutical effects and less side effects. The emerging studies support that the activities of many natural products are dependent on gut microbiota, meanwhile gut microbiota is modulated by natural products. In this review, we summarized the interplay between the gut microbiota and host disease, and the emerging molecular mechanisms of the interaction between natural products and gut microbiota. Focusing on gut microbiota metabolite of various natural products, and the effects of natural products on gut microbiota, we summarized the biotransformation pathways of natural products, and discussed the effect of natural products on the composition modulation of gut microbiota, protection of gut mucosal barrier and modulation of the gut microbiota metabolites. Dissecting the interplay between gut microbiota and natural products will help elucidate the therapeutic mechanisms of natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning-Ning Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zheng-Meng Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shang-Zhen Li
- Nanjing Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Xing Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - E-Hu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China.
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4
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El-Baky NA, Amara AAAF, Redwan EM. Nutraceutical and therapeutic importance of clots and their metabolites. NUTRACEUTICALS 2023:241-268. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-443-19193-0.00009-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
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5
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Quantification of Gut Microbiota Dysbiosis-Related Organic Acids in Human Urine Using LC-MS/MS. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27175363. [PMID: 36080134 PMCID: PMC9457824 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27175363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Urine organic acid contains water-soluble metabolites and/or metabolites—derived from sugars, amino acids, lipids, vitamins, and drugs—which can reveal a human’s physiological condition. These urine organic acids—hippuric acid, benzoic acid, phenylacetic acid, phenylpropionic acid, 4-hydroxybenzoic acid, 4-hydroxyphenyl acetic acid, 3-hydroxyphenylpropionic acid, 3,4-dihydroxyphenyl propionic acid, and 3-indoleacetic acid—were the eligible candidates for the dysbiosis of gut microbiota. The aim of this proposal was to develop and to validate a liquid chromatography−tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) bioanalysis method for the nine organic acids in human urine. Stable-labeled isotope standard (creatinine-d3) and acetonitrile were added to the urine sample. The supernatant was diluted with deionized water and injected into LC-MS/MS. This method was validated with high selectivity for the urine sample, a low limit of quantification (10−40 ng/mL), good linearity (r > 0.995), high accuracy (85.8−109.7%), and high precision (1.4−13.3%). This method simultaneously analyzed creatinine in urine, which calibrates metabolic rate between different individuals. Validation has been completed for this method; as such, it could possibly be applied to the study of gut microbiota clinically.
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Abstract
During the entire growth process, gut microbiota continues to change and has a certain impact on the performance of broilers. Here, we used 16S rRNA gene sequencing to explore the dynamic changes in the fecal bacterial communities and functions in 120 broilers from 4 to 16 weeks of age. We found that the main phyla (Firmicutes, Fusobacteria, Proteobacteria, and Bacteroides) accounted for more than 93.5% of the total bacteria in the feces. The alpha diversity of the fecal microbiota showed a downward trend with time, and the beta diversity showed significant differences at various time points. Then, the study on the differences of microbiota between high-weight (HW) and low-weight (LW) broilers showed that there were differences in the diversity and composition of microbiota between high- and low-weight broilers. Furthermore, we identified 22 genera that may be related to the weight change of broilers. The analysis of flora function reveals their changes in metabolism, genetic information processing, and environmental information processing. Finally, combined with microbial function and cecal transcriptome results, we speculated that microorganisms may affect the immune level and energy metabolism level of broilers through their own carbohydrate metabolism and lipid metabolism and then affect body weight (BW). Our results will help to expand our understanding of intestinal microbiota and provide guidance for the production of high-quality broilers. IMPORTANCE The intestinal microbiota has a certain impact on the performance of broilers. However, the change of intestinal microbiota after 4 weeks of age is not clear, and the mechanism of the effect of microorganisms on the weight change of broilers needs more exploration. After 4 weeks of age, the alpha diversity of microorganisms in broiler feces decreased, and the dominant bacteria were Firmicutes, Fusobacteria, Proteobacteria, and Bacteroides. There were differences in microbiota diversity and composition between high- and low-weight broilers. Intestinal microorganisms may affect the immune level and energy metabolism level of broilers through their own carbohydrate metabolism and lipid metabolism and then affect the body weight. The results are helpful to increase the understanding of intestinal microbiota and provide reference for the production of high-quality broilers.
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Wang P, Shang R, Ma Y, Wang D, Zhao W, Chen F, Hu X, Zhao X. Targeting microbiota-host interactions with resveratrol on cancer: Effects and potential mechanisms of action. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 64:311-333. [PMID: 35917112 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2106180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Resveratrol (RSV) is a natural polyphenolic compound detected in grapes, berries, and red wine. The anticancer activities of RSV have been observed in vivo and in vitro studies. However, the pharmacology mechanism of RSV is confusing due to its low bioavailability. According to studies of the metabolic characteristics of RSV, the gut intestine is a crucial site of its health benefits. Dietary RSV exhibits a profound effect on the gut microbiota structure and metabolic function. In addition, emerging evidence demonstrates a protective effect of RSV metabolites against carcinogenesis. Therefore, to better understand the anticancer mechanisms of dietary RSV, it is vital to evaluate the role of RSV-microbiota-host interactions in cancer therapy. In this review, we summarized significant findings on the anticancer activities of RSV based on epidemiological, experimental and clinical studies involved in investigating the metabolic characteristics and the traditional anticancer mechanisms of RSV. Special attention is given to the putative mechanisms involving microbiota-host interactions, such as the modulation of gut microecology and the anticancer effects of RSV metabolites. The changes in microbiota-host interactions after RSV supplementation play vital roles in cancer prevention and thus offering a new perspective on nutritional interventions to treat cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Wang
- Institute of Agri-food Processing and Nutrition, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products of Fruits and Vegetables Preservation and Processing, Key Laboratory of Vegetable Postharvest Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
| | - Runze Shang
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Haixia Hospital of Huaqiao University (The 910 Hospital), Quanzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Yue Ma
- Institute of Agri-food Processing and Nutrition, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products of Fruits and Vegetables Preservation and Processing, Key Laboratory of Vegetable Postharvest Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
| | - Dan Wang
- Institute of Agri-food Processing and Nutrition, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products of Fruits and Vegetables Preservation and Processing, Key Laboratory of Vegetable Postharvest Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
| | - Wenting Zhao
- Institute of Agri-food Processing and Nutrition, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products of Fruits and Vegetables Preservation and Processing, Key Laboratory of Vegetable Postharvest Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
| | - Fang Chen
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaosong Hu
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoyan Zhao
- Institute of Agri-food Processing and Nutrition, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products of Fruits and Vegetables Preservation and Processing, Key Laboratory of Vegetable Postharvest Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
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8
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Bouyahya A, Omari NE, EL Hachlafi N, Jemly ME, Hakkour M, Balahbib A, El Menyiy N, Bakrim S, Naceiri Mrabti H, Khouchlaa A, Mahomoodally MF, Catauro M, Montesano D, Zengin G. Chemical Compounds of Berry-Derived Polyphenols and Their Effects on Gut Microbiota, Inflammation, and Cancer. Molecules 2022; 27:3286. [PMID: 35630763 PMCID: PMC9146061 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27103286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Berry-derived polyphenols are bioactive compounds synthesized and secreted by several berry fruits. These polyphenols feature a diversity of chemical compounds, including phenolic acids and flavonoids. Here, we report the beneficial health effects of berry-derived polyphenols and their therapeutical application on gut-microbiota-related diseases, including inflammation and cancer. Pharmacokinetic investigations have confirmed the absorption, availability, and metabolism of berry-derived polyphenols. In vitro and in vivo tests, as well as clinical trials, showed that berry-derived polyphenols can positively modulate the gut microbiota, inhibiting inflammation and cancer development. Indeed, these compounds inhibit the growth of pathogenic bacteria and also promote beneficial bacteria. Moreover, berry-derived polyphenols exhibit therapeutic effects against different gut-microbiota-related disorders such as inflammation, cancer, and metabolic disorders. Moreover, these polyphenols can manage the inflammation via various mechanisms, in particular the inhibition of the transcriptional factor Nf-κB. Berry-derived polyphenols have also shown remarkable effects on different types of cancer, including colorectal, breast, esophageal, and prostate cancer. Moreover, certain metabolic disorders such as diabetes and atherosclerosis were also managed by berry-derived polyphenols through different mechanisms. These data showed that polyphenols from berries are a promising source of bioactive compounds capable of modulating the intestinal microbiota, and therefore managing cancer and associated metabolic diseases. However, further investigations should be carried out to determine the mechanisms of action of berry-derived polyphenol bioactive compounds to validate their safety and examinate their clinical uses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdelhakim Bouyahya
- Laboratory of Human Pathologies Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Rabat 10106, Morocco
| | - Nasreddine El Omari
- Laboratory of Histology, Embryology, and Cytogenetic, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Rabat 10100, Morocco;
| | - Naoufal EL Hachlafi
- Microbial Biotechnology and Bioactive Molecules Laboratory, Sciences and Technologies Faculty, Sidi Mohmed Ben Abdellah University, Imouzzer Road Fez, Fez 30003, Morocco;
| | - Meryem El Jemly
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University Mohammed VI for Health Science, Casablanca 82403, Morocco;
| | - Maryam Hakkour
- Laboratory of Biodiversity, Ecology, and Genome, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Rabat 10106, Morocco; (M.H.); (A.B.)
| | - Abdelaali Balahbib
- Laboratory of Biodiversity, Ecology, and Genome, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Rabat 10106, Morocco; (M.H.); (A.B.)
| | - Naoual El Menyiy
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, National Agency of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Taounate 34025, Morocco;
| | - Saad Bakrim
- Molecular Engineering, Valorization and Environment Team, Polydisciplinary Faculty of Taroudant, Ibn Zohr University, Agadir 80000, Morocco;
| | - Hanae Naceiri Mrabti
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Bio Pharmaceutical and Toxicological Analysis Research Team, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Mohammed V University, Rabat 10000, Morocco;
| | - Aya Khouchlaa
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, National Agency of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Taounate 34025, Morocco;
| | - Mohamad Fawzi Mahomoodally
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Mauritius, Reduit 80837, Mauritius;
| | - Michelina Catauro
- Department of Engineering, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Via Roma 29, 81031 Aversa, Italy
| | - Domenico Montesano
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy;
| | - Gokhan Zengin
- Physiology and Biochemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Biology, Science Faculty, Selcuk University, 42130 Konya, Turkey
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Mohamedshah Z, Hayes M, Chadwick-Corbin S, Neilson AP, Ferruzzi MG. Bioaccessibility, gut microbial metabolism and intestinal transport of phenolics from 100% Concord grape juice and whole grapes are similar in a simulated digestion and fecal fermentation model. Food Funct 2022; 13:4315-4330. [PMID: 35297910 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo04226b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Phenolic rich 100% grape juice has been associated with many health benefits, but its place in dietary guidance is controversial relative to whole fruit. Direct comparisons of phenolic profiles and bioavailability between these food forms are needed. Phenolic bioaccessibility and metabolism from Concord (CG) and Niagara (NG) grapes and corresponding 100% juices were investigated using an in vitro digestion coupled with anaerobic gut fermentation model. Intestinal transport of resulting bioaccessible phenolics and microbial metabolites was estimated using a Caco-2 cell model. Total bioaccessible phenolics from both upper and lower digestion were similar (P > 0.05) between NG (400.9 ± 26.3 μmol per 100 g) and NGJ (349.5 ± 8.3 μmol per 100 g) and significantly different (P < 0.05) between CG (417.2 ± 24.4 μmol per 100 g) and CGJ (294.3 ± 45.4 μmol per 100 g) total cellular transport of phenolics was similar (P > 0.05) between whole grapes (89.4 ± 5.3 μmol per 100 g for CG, and 71.8 ± 2.4 μmol per 100 g for NG) and 100% juices (88.0 ± 5.6 μmol per 100 g for CGJ, and 85.3 ± 9.4 μmol per 100 g for NGJ). Differences were observed between the location of phenolic metabolism, bioaccessibility and subsequent cellular transport of individual phenolics between grapes and juice matrices. Specifically, greater amounts of phenolics were transported from grape juices than whole grapes from the upper tract. However, cumulative bioaccessibility and transport from upper and lower GI digestion/fermentation together indicates that the absorbable phenolics from 100% grape juice is similar to that of whole grapes, suggesting that phenolic-mediated health benefits from consumption of whole fruit and juice may be similar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zulfiqar Mohamedshah
- Plants for Human Health Institute, North Carolina State University, Kannapolis, NC, USA. .,Department of Food Bioprocessing and Nutrition Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA.
| | - Micaela Hayes
- Plants for Human Health Institute, North Carolina State University, Kannapolis, NC, USA. .,Department of Food Bioprocessing and Nutrition Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA.
| | - Sydney Chadwick-Corbin
- Plants for Human Health Institute, North Carolina State University, Kannapolis, NC, USA.
| | - Andrew P Neilson
- Plants for Human Health Institute, North Carolina State University, Kannapolis, NC, USA. .,Department of Food Bioprocessing and Nutrition Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA.
| | - Mario G Ferruzzi
- Plants for Human Health Institute, North Carolina State University, Kannapolis, NC, USA. .,Department of Food Bioprocessing and Nutrition Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA.
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10
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Zarei I, Baxter BA, Oppel RC, Borresen EC, Brown RJ, Ryan EP. Plasma and Urine Metabolite Profiles Impacted by Increased Dietary Navy Bean Intake in Colorectal Cancer Survivors: A Randomized-Controlled Trial. Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 2020; 14:497-508. [PMID: 33361317 DOI: 10.1158/1940-6207.capr-20-0270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Revised: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Navy beans contain bioactive phytochemicals with colon cancer prevention properties as demonstrated in carcinogen-induced animal models. Human studies support that dietary navy bean intake modulates metabolism by the gut microbiome. This study investigated the effect of navy bean ingestion on plasma and urine metabolite profiles of overweight and obese colorectal cancer survivors. Twenty participants completed a single-blinded, randomized-controlled dietary intervention with precooked navy beans (35 g bean powder/day) or control (0 g/day) for 4 weeks. Plasma and urine were collected at baseline, 2 weeks, and 4 weeks following consumption. Nontargeted metabolomics was applied to study meals and snacks, navy beans, plasma, and urine. Increased navy bean consumption was hypothesized to (i) delineate dietary biomarkers and (ii) promote metabolic shifts relevant for cancer protection in the plasma and urine metabolome. At 4 weeks, 16 plasma and 16 urine metabolites were significantly different in the navy bean intervention group compared with placebo control (P < 0.05). Increased plasma 2,3-dihydroxy-2-methylbutyrate (1.34-fold), S-methylcysteine (1.92-fold), and pipecolate (3.89-fold), and urine S-adenosylhomocysteine (2.09-fold) and cysteine (1.60-fold) represent metabolites with cancer-protective actions following navy bean consumption. Diet-derived metabolites were detected in plasma or urine and confirmed for presence in the navy bean intervention meals and snacks. These included 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propionate, betaine, pipecolate, S-methylcysteine, choline, eicosapentaenoate (20:5n3), benzoate, S-adenosylhomocysteine, N-delta-acetylornithine, cysteine, 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)lactate, gentisate, hippurate, 4-hydroxyhippurate, and salicylate. The navy bean dietary intervention for 4 weeks showed changes to pathways of metabolic importance to colorectal cancer prevention and merit continued attention for dietary modulation in future high-risk cohort investigations. PREVENTION RELEVANCE: This clinical study suggests that increased consumption of navy beans would deliver bioactive metabolites to individuals at high risk for colorectal cancer recurrence and produce metabolic shifts in plasma and urine profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iman Zarei
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
| | - Bridget A Baxter
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
| | - Renee C Oppel
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
| | - Erica C Borresen
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
| | - Regina J Brown
- University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Elizabeth P Ryan
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado.
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Lavefve L, Howard LR, Carbonero F. Berry polyphenols metabolism and impact on human gut microbiota and health. Food Funct 2020; 11:45-65. [PMID: 31808762 DOI: 10.1039/c9fo01634a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Berries are rich in phenolic compounds such as phenolic acids, flavonols and anthocyanins. These molecules are often reported as being responsible for the health effects attributed to berries. However, their poor bioavailability, mostly influenced by their complex chemical structures, raises the question of their actual direct impact on health. The products of their metabolization, however, may be the most bioactive compounds due to their ability to enter the blood circulation and reach the organs. The main site of metabolization of the complex polyphenols to smaller phenolic compounds is the gut through the action of microorganisms, and reciprocally polyphenols and their metabolites can also modulate the microbial populations. In healthy subjects, these modulations generally lead to an increase in Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillus and Akkermansia, therefore suggesting a prebiotic-like effect of the berries or their compounds. Finally, berries have been demonstrated to alleviate symptoms of gut inflammation through the modulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines and have chemopreventive effects towards colon cancer through the regulation of apoptosis, cell proliferation and angiogenesis. This review recapitulates the knowledge available on the interactions between berries polyphenols, gut microbiota and gut health and identifies knowledge gaps for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Lavefve
- Department of Food Science, University of Arkansas, USA
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12
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Ulaszewska M, Garcia-Aloy M, Vázquez-Manjarrez N, Soria-Florido MT, Llorach R, Mattivi F, Manach C. Food intake biomarkers for berries and grapes. GENES AND NUTRITION 2020; 15:17. [PMID: 32967625 PMCID: PMC7509942 DOI: 10.1186/s12263-020-00675-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Grapes and berries are two types of widely consumed fruits characterized by a high content in different phytochemicals. However, their accurate dietary assessment is particularly arduous, because of the already wide recognized bias associated with self-reporting methods, combined with the large range of species and cultivars and the fact that these fruits are popularly consumed not only in fresh and frozen forms but also as processed and derived products, including dried and canned fruits, beverages, jams, and jellies. Reporting precise type and/or quantity of grape and berries in FFQ or diaries can obviously be affected by errors. Recently, biomarkers of food intake (BFIs) rose as a promising tool to provide accurate information indicating consumption of certain food items. Protocols for performing systematic reviews in this field, as well as for assessing the validity of candidate BFIs have been developed within the Food Biomarker Alliance (FoodBAll) Project. This paper aims to evaluate the putative BIFs for blueberries, strawberries, raspberries, blackberries, cranberries, blackcurrant, and grapes. Candidate BFIs for grapes were resveratrol metabolites and tartaric acid. The metabolites considered as putative BFI for berries consumption were mostly anthocyanins derivatives together with several metabolites of ellagitannins and some aroma compounds. However, identification of BFIs for single berry types encountered more difficulties. In the absence of highly specific metabolites reported to date, we suggested some multi-metabolite panels that may be further investigated as putative biomarkers for some berry fruits.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Ulaszewska
- Fondazione Edmund Mach, Research and Innovation Centre Food Quality and Nutrition, Via Mach 1, 38010, San Michele all'Adige, Italy.,Center for Omics Sciences, Proteomics and Metabolomics Facility - ProMeFa, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - M Garcia-Aloy
- Biomarkers and Nutrimetabolomic Laboratory, Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Gastronomy, Food Technology Reference Net (XaRTA), Nutrition and Food Safety Research Institute (INSA-UB), Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain. .,CIBER de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - N Vázquez-Manjarrez
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, UNH, F-63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France.,Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Dirección de Nutrición, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Slavador Zubiran, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - M T Soria-Florido
- Biomarkers and Nutrimetabolomic Laboratory, Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Gastronomy, Food Technology Reference Net (XaRTA), Nutrition and Food Safety Research Institute (INSA-UB), Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - R Llorach
- Biomarkers and Nutrimetabolomic Laboratory, Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Gastronomy, Food Technology Reference Net (XaRTA), Nutrition and Food Safety Research Institute (INSA-UB), Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain
| | - F Mattivi
- Fondazione Edmund Mach, Research and Innovation Centre Food Quality and Nutrition, Via Mach 1, 38010, San Michele all'Adige, Italy.,Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology, CIBIO, University of Trent, Trento, Italy
| | - C Manach
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, UNH, F-63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France
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13
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Kim H, Kim S, Kim D, Yoon SH. A single amino acid substitution in aromatic hydroxylase (HpaB) of Escherichia coli alters substrate specificity of the structural isomers of hydroxyphenylacetate. BMC Microbiol 2020; 20:109. [PMID: 32375644 PMCID: PMC7201708 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-020-01798-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A broad range of aromatic compounds can be degraded by enteric bacteria, and hydroxyphenylacetic acid (HPA) degrading bacteria are the most widespread. Majority of Escherichia coli strains can use both the structural isomers of HPA, 3HPA and 4HPA, as the sole carbon source, which are catabolized by the same pathway whose associated enzymes are encoded by hpa gene cluster. Previously, we observed that E. coli B REL606 grew only on 4HPA, while E. coli B BL21(DE3) grew on 3HPA as well as 4HPA. RESULTS In this study, we report that a single amino acid in 4-hydroxyphenylacetate 3-hydroxylase (HpaB) of E. coli determines the substrate specificity of HPA isomers. Alignment of protein sequences encoded in hpa gene clusters of BL21(DE3) and REL606 showed that there was a difference of only one amino acid (position 379 in HpaB) between the two, viz., Arg in BL21(DE3) and Cys in REL606. REL606 cells expressing HpaB having Arg379 could grow on 3HPA, whereas those expressing HpaB with Gly379 or Ser379 could not. Structural analysis suggested that the amino acid residue at position 379 of HpaB is located not in the active site, but in the vicinity of the 4HPA binding site, and that it plays an important role in mediating the entrance and stable binding of substrates to the active site. CONCLUSIONS The arginine residue at position 379 of HpaB is critical for 3HPA recognition. Information regarding the effect of amino acid residues on the substrate specificity of structural isomers can facilitate in designing hydoxylases with high catalytic efficiency and versatility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanseol Kim
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Sinyeon Kim
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Dohyeon Kim
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Ho Yoon
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea.
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14
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Ercan P, El SN. Inhibitory effects of bioaccessible anthocyanins and procyanidins from apple, red grape, cinnamon on α-amylase, α-glucosidase and lipase. INT J VITAM NUTR RES 2020; 91:16-24. [PMID: 32326848 DOI: 10.1024/0300-9831/a000652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The goals of this study were to determine and evaluate the bioaccessibility of total anthocyanin and procyanidin in apple (Amasya, Malus communis), red grape (Papazkarası, Vitis vinifera) and cinnamon (Cassia, Cinnamomum) using an in vitro static digestion system based on human gastrointestinal physiologically relevant conditions. Also, in vitro inhibitory effects of these foods on lipid (lipase) and carbohydrate digestive enzymes (α-amylase and α-glucosidase) were performed with before and after digested samples using acarbose and methylumbelliferyl oleate (4MUO) as the positive control. While the highest total anthocyanin content was found in red grape (164 ± 2.51 mg/100 g), the highest procyanidin content was found in cinnamon (6432 ± 177.31 mg/100 g) (p < 0.05). The anthocyanin bioaccessibilities were found as 10.2 ± 1%, 8.23 ± 0.64%, and 8.73 ± 0.70% in apple, red grape, and cinnamon, respectively. The procyanidin bioaccessibilities of apple, red grape, and cinnamon were found as 17.57 ± 0.71%, 14.08 ± 0.74% and 18.75 ± 1.49%, respectively. The analyzed apple, red grape and cinnamon showed the inhibitory activity against α-glucosidase (IC50 544 ± 21.94, 445 ± 15.67, 1592 ± 17.58 μg/mL, respectively), α-amylase (IC50 38.4 ± 7.26, 56.1 ± 3.60, 3.54 ± 0.86 μg/mL, respectively), and lipase (IC50 52.7 ± 2.05, 581 ± 54.14, 49.6 ± 2.72 μg/mL), respectively. According to our results apple, red grape and cinnamon have potential to inhibit of lipase, α-amylase and α-glucosidase digestive enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pınar Ercan
- Food Engineering Department, Engineering Faculty, Ege University, Bornova, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Sedef Nehir El
- Food Engineering Department, Engineering Faculty, Ege University, Bornova, Izmir, Turkey
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15
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Krishnamoorthy R, Adisa AR, Periasamy VS, Athinarayanan J, Pandurangan SB, Alshatwi AA. Colonic Bacteria-Transformed Catechin Metabolite Response to Cytokine Production by Human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells. Biomolecules 2019; 9:biom9120830. [PMID: 31817548 PMCID: PMC6995598 DOI: 10.3390/biom9120830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Revised: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 11/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Human gut microbes are a profitable tool for the modification of food compounds into biologically active metabolites. The biological properties of catechins have been extensively investigated. However, the bioavailability of catechin in human blood plasma is very low. This study aimed to determine the biotransformed catechin metabolites and their bioactive potentials for modulating the immune response of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). Biotransformation of catechin was carried out using in-vitro gut microbial biotransformation method, the transformed metabolites were identified and confirmed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC–MS) and high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (HPLC–MS). Present observations confirmed that the catechin was biotransformed into 11 metabolites upon microbial dehydroxylation and C ring cleavage. Further, immunomodulatory potential of catechin metabolites was analyzed in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). We found up-regulation of anti-inflammatory cytokine (IL-4, IL-10) and down-regulation of pro-inflammatory (IL-16, IL-12B) cytokine may be due to Th2 immune response. In conclusion, biotransformed catechin metabolites enhance anti-inflammatory cytokines which is beneficial for overcoming inflammatory disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Abdulraheem R. Adisa
- Correspondence: (A.R.A.); (A.A.A.); Tel.: +966-543617783 (A.R.A.); +966-504236535 (A.A.A.)
| | | | | | | | - Ali A. Alshatwi
- Correspondence: (A.R.A.); (A.A.A.); Tel.: +966-543617783 (A.R.A.); +966-504236535 (A.A.A.)
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16
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Platat C, Hillary S, Tomas-Barberan FA, Martinez-Blazquez JA, Al-Meqbali F, Souka U, Al-Hammadi S, Ibrahim W. Urine Metabolites and Antioxidant Effect after Oral Intake of Date ( Phoenix dactylifera L.) Seeds-Based Products (Powder, Bread and Extract) by Human. Nutrients 2019; 11:E2489. [PMID: 31623250 PMCID: PMC6835432 DOI: 10.3390/nu11102489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Revised: 10/03/2019] [Accepted: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
A cross-over study was conducted in 16 healthy adult volunteers to describe the urinary excretion of polyphenols from date seeds and investigate the antioxidant effect after consumption of different doses of date seeds powder (DSP), bread (DSB) and extract (DSE). After 12 h of fasting, one of the six treatments (0.25 g and 0.5 g/kg bodyweight DSP, 360 g of 10% and 15% DSB, 30 mg and 60 mg/kg bodyweight DSE) was provided along with breakfast, with a two weeks wash-out period between 2 consecutive treatments. Blood was drawn at baseline, 1, 2, 8 and 24 h post intake. Urine was collected at baseline, 3, 8, and 24 h post intake. An abundant release of polyphenols was detected in urine within the 0-3 h post intake, reached a peak at 8 h, then decreased with polyphenols still being detected up to 24 h post intake. The antioxidant defence system, as measured by reduced glutathione (GSH), was strengthened as soon as 1 h and up to 8 h post intake. Markers of protein and lipid oxidative damages were reduced from 1 h and up to 8 and 24 h post intake, respectively. This supports an antioxidant effect of date seeds products in humans, most probably due to their polyphenols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carine Platat
- Department of Food, Nutrition and Health, College of Food and Agriculture, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain PO Box 15551, UAE.
| | - Serene Hillary
- Department of Food, Nutrition and Health, College of Food and Agriculture, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain PO Box 15551, UAE.
| | | | | | - Fatima Al-Meqbali
- Department of Food, Nutrition and Health, College of Food and Agriculture, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain PO Box 15551, UAE.
| | - Usama Souka
- Department of Food, Nutrition and Health, College of Food and Agriculture, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain PO Box 15551, UAE.
| | - Suleiman Al-Hammadi
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain PO Box 15551, UAE.
| | - Wissam Ibrahim
- Department of Food, Nutrition and Health, College of Food and Agriculture, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain PO Box 15551, UAE.
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17
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Chamorro S, Romero C, Brenes A, Sánchez-Patán F, Bartolomé B, Viveros A, Arija I. Impact of a sustained consumption of grape extract on digestion, gut microbial metabolism and intestinal barrier in broiler chickens. Food Funct 2019; 10:1444-1454. [PMID: 30768097 DOI: 10.1039/c8fo02465k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The effect of dietary supplementation with grape extract (GE) at 2.5 and 5.0 g kg-1 of feed on intestinal utilization of polyphenols and gut health of broiler chickens was determined. The ileal digestibility of grape polyphenols was higher for flavan-3-ol monomers [(+)-catechin and (-)-epicatechin] than for dimers (Procyanidins B1 and B2) and galloylated compounds [(-)-epicatechingallate] and no differences among 2.5 and 5.0 g GE per kg dietary treatments were observed. The excreta concentration of benzoic, phenylacetic, phenylpropionic, and cinnamic acids and phenyl-γ-valerolactone phenolic metabolites was higher in birds fed GE, confirming hence the microbial metabolism of grape polyphenols to a relevant extent. Gut morphology and the total ileal mucin content were not modified by the dietary inclusion of GE, but a lower sialic acid concentration was observed in those birds fed a higher concentration of GE. Escherichia coli and lactic-acid bacteria ileal counts were reduced in birds fed GE. Overall, these results prove the extensive intestinal utilization and microbial metabolism of grape polyphenols in broiler chickens. Some antimicrobial and mucin-modulation effects were also observed after a sustained consumption of grape polyphenols during 21 days.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana Chamorro
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Alimentos y Nutrición (ICTAN-CSIC), José Antonio Novais, 10, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
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18
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Mena P, Ludwig IA, Tomatis VB, Acharjee A, Calani L, Rosi A, Brighenti F, Ray S, Griffin JL, Bluck LJ, Del Rio D. Inter-individual variability in the production of flavan-3-ol colonic metabolites: preliminary elucidation of urinary metabotypes. Eur J Nutr 2019; 58:1529-1543. [PMID: 29616322 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-018-1683-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Accepted: 03/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE There is much information on the bioavailability of (poly)phenolic compounds following acute intake of various foods. However, there are only limited data on the effects of repeated and combined exposure to specific (poly)phenol food sources and the inter-individual variability in their bioavailability. This study evaluated the combined urinary excretion of (poly)phenols from green tea and coffee following daily consumption by healthy subjects in free-living conditions. The inter-individual variability in the production of phenolic metabolites was also investigated. METHODS Eleven participants consumed both tablets of green tea and green coffee bean extracts daily for 8 weeks and 24-h urine was collected on five different occasions. The urinary profile of phenolic metabolites and a set of multivariate statistical tests were used to investigate the putative existence of characteristic metabotypes in the production of flavan-3-ol microbial metabolites. RESULTS (Poly)phenolic compounds in the green tea and green coffee bean extracts were absorbed and excreted after simultaneous consumption, with green tea resulting in more inter-individual variability in urinary excretion of phenolic metabolites. Three metabotypes in the production of flavan-3-ol microbial metabolites were tentatively defined, characterized by the excretion of different amounts of trihydroxyphenyl-γ-valerolactones, dihydroxyphenyl-γ-valerolactones, and hydroxyphenylpropionic acids. CONCLUSIONS The selective production of microbiota-derived metabolites from flavan-3-ols and the putative existence of characteristic metabotypes in their production represent an important development in the study of the bioavailability of plant bioactives. These observations will contribute to better understand the health effects and individual differences associated with consumption of flavan-3-ols, arguably the main class of flavonoids in the human diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Mena
- Human Nutrition Unit, Department of Food and Drugs, University of Parma, Medical School Building C, Via Volturno, 39, 43125, Parma, Italy.
| | - Iziar A Ludwig
- Human Nutrition Unit, Department of Food and Drugs, University of Parma, Medical School Building C, Via Volturno, 39, 43125, Parma, Italy
- Food Technology Department, Universitat de Lleida-Agrotecnio Center, Lleida, Spain
| | - Virginia B Tomatis
- UK Medical Research Council Elsie Widdowson Laboratory (formerly MRC Human Nutrition Research), Cambridge, UK
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Animesh Acharjee
- UK Medical Research Council Elsie Widdowson Laboratory (formerly MRC Human Nutrition Research), Cambridge, UK
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, Centre for Computational Biology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- Institute of Translational Medicine, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - Luca Calani
- Human Nutrition Unit, Department of Food and Drugs, University of Parma, Medical School Building C, Via Volturno, 39, 43125, Parma, Italy
| | - Alice Rosi
- Human Nutrition Unit, Department of Food and Drugs, University of Parma, Medical School Building C, Via Volturno, 39, 43125, Parma, Italy
| | - Furio Brighenti
- Human Nutrition Unit, Department of Food and Drugs, University of Parma, Medical School Building C, Via Volturno, 39, 43125, Parma, Italy
| | - Sumantra Ray
- UK Medical Research Council Elsie Widdowson Laboratory (formerly MRC Human Nutrition Research), Cambridge, UK
| | - Julian L Griffin
- UK Medical Research Council Elsie Widdowson Laboratory (formerly MRC Human Nutrition Research), Cambridge, UK
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Les J Bluck
- UK Medical Research Council Elsie Widdowson Laboratory (formerly MRC Human Nutrition Research), Cambridge, UK
| | - Daniele Del Rio
- Human Nutrition Unit, Department of Food and Drugs, University of Parma, Medical School Building C, Via Volturno, 39, 43125, Parma, Italy.
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19
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Muñoz-González I, Chamorro S, Pérez-Jiménez J, López-Andrés P, Álvarez-Acero I, Herrero AM, Nardoia MA, Brenes A, Viveros A, Arija I, Rey A, Ruiz-Capillas C. Phenolic Metabolites in Plasma and Thigh Meat of Chickens Supplemented with Grape Byproducts. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:4463-4471. [PMID: 30977645 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b00222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Grape byproducts are rich sources of polyphenols with powerful antioxidant and health-promoting effects. The impact of supplementing chicken diets with grape byproducts on plasma and thigh meat concentrations of phenolic metabolites was evaluated by analyzing samples by high-performance liquid chromatography quadrupole time of flight mass spectrometry. Chickens were fed three experimental diets: Control diet, Control+8% grape pomace, and Control+0.1% grape seed extract. In plasma, 32 phenolic metabolites were identified, some of which were conjugated catechin/epicatechin metabolites exclusively identified in chickens fed diets enriched in grape byproducts. Also, these chickens showed significantly higher plasmatic concentrations of 21 phenolic metabolites. In thigh meat, 14 phenolic metabolites were identified, but no differences were found between diets. Higher plasmatic tocopherol was found when supplementing diets with grape byproducts, while no changes were observed in meat. Thus, supplementing chicken diets with grape byproducts leads to a significant increase in the circulation of phenolic metabolites and tocopherol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Muñoz-González
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Alimentos y Nutrición (ICTAN-CSIC) , José Antonio Nováis, 10 , 28040 Madrid , Spain
| | - Susana Chamorro
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Alimentos y Nutrición (ICTAN-CSIC) , José Antonio Nováis, 10 , 28040 Madrid , Spain
| | - Jara Pérez-Jiménez
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Alimentos y Nutrición (ICTAN-CSIC) , José Antonio Nováis, 10 , 28040 Madrid , Spain
| | - Patricia López-Andrés
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Alimentos y Nutrición (ICTAN-CSIC) , José Antonio Nováis, 10 , 28040 Madrid , Spain
| | - Inmaculada Álvarez-Acero
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Alimentos y Nutrición (ICTAN-CSIC) , José Antonio Nováis, 10 , 28040 Madrid , Spain
| | - Ana M Herrero
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Alimentos y Nutrición (ICTAN-CSIC) , José Antonio Nováis, 10 , 28040 Madrid , Spain
| | - Marı A Nardoia
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Alimentos y Nutrición (ICTAN-CSIC) , José Antonio Nováis, 10 , 28040 Madrid , Spain
| | - Agustín Brenes
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Alimentos y Nutrición (ICTAN-CSIC) , José Antonio Nováis, 10 , 28040 Madrid , Spain
| | - Agustín Viveros
- Facultad de Veterinaria , Universidad Complutense , 28040 Madrid , Spain
| | - Ignacio Arija
- Facultad de Veterinaria , Universidad Complutense , 28040 Madrid , Spain
| | - Ana Rey
- Facultad de Veterinaria , Universidad Complutense , 28040 Madrid , Spain
| | - Claudia Ruiz-Capillas
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Alimentos y Nutrición (ICTAN-CSIC) , José Antonio Nováis, 10 , 28040 Madrid , Spain
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20
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Non-extractable polyphenols produce gut microbiota metabolites that persist in circulation and show anti-inflammatory and free radical-scavenging effects. Trends Food Sci Technol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2017.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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21
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Novotny JA, Chen TY, Terekhov AI, Gebauer SK, Baer DJ, Ho L, Pasinetti GM, Ferruzzi MG. The effect of obesity and repeated exposure on pharmacokinetic response to grape polyphenols in humans. Mol Nutr Food Res 2017; 61. [PMID: 28654207 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201700043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2017] [Revised: 05/11/2017] [Accepted: 05/19/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
SCOPE Evidence suggests that dietary pattern may affect polyphenol absorption and/or metabolism. Further, obesity is associated with lower circulating nutrients, though the reason is unclear. We investigated the pharmacokinetic (PK) response of polyphenols in obese/overweight versus lean individuals before and after repeated dosing of grape polyphenols. METHODS AND RESULTS A pilot study was conducted in which PK challenges were administered before and after 10 days of repeated dosing with polyphenols. Volunteers (6 lean, 6 overweight/obese) consumed resveratrol, grape seed extract, and grape juice (2125 mg total polyphenols) daily. On days 1 and 11, blood samples were collected for 6 h after the polyphenol dose and analyzed for deconjugated catechin, epicatechin, resveratrol, and quercetin. Area under the plasma polyphenol mass by time curves (AUCs) were greater for catechin, epicatechin, and quercetin on day 11 versus day 1 for low BMI individuals (p = 0.039) but not high BMI individuals. Further, AUCs were greater for epicatechin and resveratrol for low versus high BMI individuals (p = 0.041), with a similar trend for catechin (p = 0.065), on day 11 but not day 1. CONCLUSION These results suggest that that obesity and repeated exposure may modify polyphenol absorption and/or metabolism in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janet A Novotny
- US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Building 307B, BARC-East, Beltsville, MD, USA
| | - Tzu-Ying Chen
- Department of Food Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Anton I Terekhov
- Department of Food Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Sarah K Gebauer
- US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Building 307B, BARC-East, Beltsville, MD, USA
| | - David J Baer
- US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Building 307B, BARC-East, Beltsville, MD, USA
| | - Lap Ho
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Department of Neurology, New York, NY, USA
| | - Giulio M Pasinetti
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Department of Neurology, New York, NY, USA
| | - Mario G Ferruzzi
- Department of Food, Bioprocessing, and Nutrition Sciences, North Carolina State University, Kannapolis, NC, USA
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22
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Cires MJ, Wong X, Carrasco-Pozo C, Gotteland M. The Gastrointestinal Tract as a Key Target Organ for the Health-Promoting Effects of Dietary Proanthocyanidins. Front Nutr 2017; 3:57. [PMID: 28097121 PMCID: PMC5206694 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2016.00057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2016] [Accepted: 12/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Proanthocyanidins (PACs) are polymers of flavan-3-ols abundant in many vegetable foods and beverages widely consumed in the human diet. There is increasing evidence supporting the beneficial impact of dietary PACs in the prevention and nutritional management of non-communicable chronic diseases. It is considered that PACs with a degree of polymerization >3 remain unabsorbed in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract and accumulate in the colonic lumen. Accordingly, the GI tract may be considered as a key organ for the healthy-promoting effects of dietary PACs. PACs form non-specific complexes with salivary proteins in mouth, originating the sensation of astringency, and with dietary proteins, pancreatic enzymes, and nutrient transporters in the intestinal lumen, decreasing the digestion and absorption of carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids. They also exert antimicrobial activities, interfering with cariogenic or ulcerogenic pathogens in the mouth (Streptococcus mutans) and stomach (Helicobacter pylori), respectively. Through their antioxidant and antiinflammatory properties, PACs decrease inflammatory processes in animal model of gastric and colonic inflammation. Interestingly, they exert prebiotic activities, stimulating the growth of Lactobacillus spp. and Bifidobacterium spp. as well as some butyrate-producing bacteria in the colon. Finally, PACs are also metabolized by the gut microbiota, producing metabolites, mainly aromatic acids and valerolactones, which accumulate in the colon and/or are absorbed into the bloodstream. Accordingly, these compounds could display biological activities on the colonic epithelium or in extra-intestinal tissues and, therefore, contribute to part of the beneficial effects of dietary PACs.
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Affiliation(s)
- María José Cires
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Nutrition, University of Chile , Santiago , Chile
| | - Ximena Wong
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Nutrition, University of Chile , Santiago , Chile
| | | | - Martin Gotteland
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Nutrition, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile; Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology (INTA), University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
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Amić A, Marković Z, Marković JMD, Jeremić S, Lučić B, Amić D. Free radical scavenging and COX-2 inhibition by simple colon metabolites of polyphenols: A theoretical approach. Comput Biol Chem 2016; 65:45-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiolchem.2016.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2016] [Revised: 08/07/2016] [Accepted: 09/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Sano A. Safety assessment of 4-week oral intake of proanthocyanidin-rich grape seed extract in healthy subjects. Food Chem Toxicol 2016; 108:519-523. [PMID: 27889390 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2016.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2016] [Revised: 11/05/2016] [Accepted: 11/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
A clinical study was conducted to assess the safety and tolerability of oral doses of proanthocyanidin-rich grape seed extract (GSE) in healthy Japanese adult volunteers. In an open-label, 4-week toxicity test, 29 subjects daily received 1000, 1500, or 2500 mg GSE orally. Serum Fe levels of two subjects in the 2500 mg GSE group decreased to 61 and 60 μg/100 mL from 205 and 182 μg/100 mL at baseline respectively, at second week of GSE consumption; these values are low but within the normal range for the Japanese population. Two weeks after completing the 4-week course of GSE ingestion, the serum Fe levels of both subjects returned to near baseline levels (210 and 189 μg/100 mL). No subject discontinued the study. Oral intake of GSE up to 2500 mg for 4 weeks was found to be generally safe and well tolerated in humans. Research with a larger number of subjects is required to confirm these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Sano
- Research and Development Division, Kikkoman Corporation, 399 Noda, Noda-shi, Chiba 278-0037, Japan.
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Bioavailability of phenolic compounds and antioxidant effects of wine pomace seasoning after oral administration in rats. J Funct Foods 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2016.06.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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Recommendations for Development of Botanical Polyphenols as "Natural Drugs" for Promotion of Resilience Against Stress-Induced Depression and Cognitive Impairment. Neuromolecular Med 2016; 18:487-95. [PMID: 27342633 DOI: 10.1007/s12017-016-8418-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2016] [Accepted: 06/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Extensive evidence has demonstrated that psychological stress has detrimental effects on psychological health, cognitive function, and ultimately well-being. While stressful events are a significant cause of psychopathology, most individuals exposed to adversity maintain normal psychological functioning. The mechanisms underlying such resilience are poorly understood, and there is an urgent need to identify and target these mechanisms to promote resilience under stressful events. Botanicals have been used throughout history to treat various medical conditions; however, the development of botanical compounds into potential preventative and therapeutic agents in studies promoting brain health is hindered by the fact that most orally consumed botanicals are extensively metabolized during absorption and/or by post-absorptive xenobiotic metabolism. Therefore, the primary objective of this review article is to provide recommendations for developing natural compounds as novel therapeutic strategies to promote resilience in susceptible subjects. The development of botanical polyphenols to ultimately attenuate mood disorders and cognitive impairment will rely on understanding (1) the absorption and bioavailability of botanical polyphenols with emphasis on flavan-3-ols, (2) the characterization of tissue-specific accumulation of biologically available polyphenols and their mechanisms of action in the brain, and eventually (3) the characterization of biologically available polyphenol metabolites in mechanisms associated with the promotion of resilience against mood disorders and cognitive impairment in response to stress. We also summarize exciting new lines of investigation about the role of botanicals such as polyphenols in the promotion of cognitive and psychological resilience. This information will provide a strategical framework for the future development of botanicals as therapeutic agents to promote resilience, ultimately preventing and/or therapeutically treating cognitive impairment and psychological dysfunction.
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Feliciano RP, Boeres A, Massacessi L, Istas G, Ventura MR, Nunes dos Santos C, Heiss C, Rodriguez-Mateos A. Identification and quantification of novel cranberry-derived plasma and urinary (poly)phenols. Arch Biochem Biophys 2016; 599:31-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2016.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2016] [Revised: 01/22/2016] [Accepted: 01/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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28
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Dietary polyphenols: Antioxidants or not? Arch Biochem Biophys 2016; 595:120-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2015.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2015] [Revised: 06/13/2015] [Accepted: 09/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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Uberos J, Rodríguez-Belmonte R, Rodríguez-Pérez C, Molina-Oya M, Blanca-Jover E, Narbona-Lopez E, Muñoz-Hoyos A. Phenolic acid content and antiadherence activity in the urine of patients treated with cranberry syrup (Vaccinium macrocarpon) vs. trimethoprim for recurrent urinary tract infection. J Funct Foods 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2015.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
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Grases F, Prieto RM, Fernández-Cabot RA, Costa-Bauzá A, Sánchez AM, Prodanov M. Effect of consuming a grape seed supplement with abundant phenolic compounds on the oxidative status of healthy human volunteers. Nutr J 2015; 14:94. [PMID: 26353756 PMCID: PMC4563857 DOI: 10.1186/s12937-015-0083-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2015] [Accepted: 09/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diverse enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants provide protection against reactive oxygen species in humans and other organisms. The nonenzymatic antioxidants include low molecular mass molecules such as plant-derived phenols. AIM OF STUDY This study identified the major phenolic compounds of a grape seed extract by HPLC and analyzed the effect of consumption of biscuits enriched with this extract on the urinary oxidative status of healthy subjects by measurement of urine redox potential. METHODS The major phenolic compounds were characterized in a red grape seed extract separated by HPLC with detection by a photodiode array (PDA), fluorescence (FL) and quadrupole mass spectrometer (MS). A nutritional study in a healthy volunteers group was done. Each volunteer ate eight traditional biscuits with no red grape seed extract supplementation. The second day each volunteer ate eight traditional biscuits supplemented with 0.6% (wt/wt) of grape seed extract. An overnight urine sample was obtained for each treatment. The redox potential was measured at 25 °C using a potentiometer in each urine sample. RESULTS Epicatechin, catechin, procyanidin dimers B1 to B4, and the procyanidin trimer C2 were the major phenolic components in the extract. Epicatechin gallate and procyanidin dimers B1-3-G and B2-3'-G were the major galloylated flavan-3-ols. The forty-six healthy volunteers each shown a reduction of the urine redox potential after the treatment by traditional biscuits supplemented with the grape seed extract. CONCLUSIONS This simple dietary intervention significantly reduced (33%) the urine redox potential, reflecting an overall increase in antioxidant status. Incorporation of plant-derived phenols in the diet may increase anti-oxidative status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Grases
- Laboratory of Renal Lithiasis Research, University Institute of Health Sciences Research (IUNICS), University of Balearic Islands, 07122, Palma of Mallorca, Spain. .,CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CB06/03), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 07122, Palma of Mallorca, Spain.
| | - Rafel M Prieto
- Laboratory of Renal Lithiasis Research, University Institute of Health Sciences Research (IUNICS), University of Balearic Islands, 07122, Palma of Mallorca, Spain. .,CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CB06/03), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 07122, Palma of Mallorca, Spain.
| | - Rafel A Fernández-Cabot
- Laboratory of Renal Lithiasis Research, University Institute of Health Sciences Research (IUNICS), University of Balearic Islands, 07122, Palma of Mallorca, Spain.
| | - Antonia Costa-Bauzá
- Laboratory of Renal Lithiasis Research, University Institute of Health Sciences Research (IUNICS), University of Balearic Islands, 07122, Palma of Mallorca, Spain. .,CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CB06/03), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 07122, Palma of Mallorca, Spain.
| | - Ana M Sánchez
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación (CIAL) (CEI, CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain.
| | - Marin Prodanov
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación (CIAL) (CEI, CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain.
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A combination of isolated phytochemicals and botanical extracts lowers diastolic blood pressure in a randomized controlled trial of hypertensive subjects. Eur J Clin Nutr 2015; 70:10-6. [PMID: 26059745 DOI: 10.1038/ejcn.2015.88] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2014] [Revised: 03/11/2015] [Accepted: 05/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Isolated phytochemicals have been shown to reduce blood pressure; however, combinations of phytochemicals have rarely been tested in humans. We hypothesized that a combination of extracts from grape seed and skin (330 mg), green tea (100 mg), resveratrol (60 mg) and a blend of quercetin, ginkgo biloba and bilberry (60 mg) would reduce blood pressure (BP) in hypertensive subjects. SUBJECTS/METHODS Eighteen individuals meeting BP requirements (⩾130 mm Hg systolic or ⩾85 mm Hg diastolic) and criteria for metabolic syndrome were enrolled in a double-blinded, placebo-controlled, crossover trial (ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT01106170). The 28-day placebo and supplement arms were separated by a 2-week washout period, and 14 -h daytime ambulatory BP was assessed at baseline and at the end point of each arm. RESULTS BP was not altered after placebo. After supplement treatment, diastolic pressure was reduced by 4.4 mm Hg (P=0.024, 95% CI, 0.6-8.1), systolic pressure was unchanged and mean arterial pressure trended (P=0.052) toward reduction. Serum angiotensin-converting enzyme activity was similar between placebo and supplement arms, but urinary nitrate and nitrite concentrations were significantly increased (P=0.022) after supplementation. Human aortic endothelial cells treated with metabolites of the polyphenols used in the human supplement trial had a significant increase (P=0.005) in insulin-stimulated eNOS phosphorylation and greater (P<0.001) accumulation of nitrates/nitrites. CONCLUSIONS Our clinical and in vitro data support the theory that this combination of polyphenols reduced diastolic pressure by potentiating eNOS activation and nitric oxide production. Such supplements may have clinical relevance as stand-alone or adjunct therapy to help reduce BP.
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Wang D, Ho L, Faith J, Ono K, Janle EM, Lachcik PJ, Cooper BR, Jannasch AH, D'Arcy BR, Williams BA, Ferruzzi MG, Levine S, Zhao W, Dubner L, Pasinetti GM. Role of intestinal microbiota in the generation of polyphenol-derived phenolic acid mediated attenuation of Alzheimer's disease β-amyloid oligomerization. Mol Nutr Food Res 2015; 59:1025-40. [PMID: 25689033 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201400544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2014] [Revised: 01/29/2015] [Accepted: 01/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE Grape seed polyphenol extract (GSPE) is receiving increasing attention for its potential preventative and therapeutic roles in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and other age-related neurodegenerative disorders. The intestinal microbiota is known to actively convert many dietary polyphenols, including GSPE, to phenolic acids. There is limited information on the bioavailability and bioactivity of GSPE-derived phenolic acid in the brain. METHODS AND RESULTS We orally administered GSPE to rats and investigated the bioavailability of 12 phenolic acids known to be generated by microbiota metabolism of anthocyanidins. GSPE treatment significantly increased the content of two of the phenolic acids in the brain: 3-hydroxybenzoic acid and 3-(3´-hydroxyphenyl)propionic acid, resulting in the brain accumulations of the two phenolic acids at micromolar concentrations. We also provided evidence that 3-hydroxybenzoic acid and 3-(3´-hydroxyphenyl)propionic acid potently interfere with the assembly of β-amyloid peptides into neurotoxic β-amyloid aggregates that play key roles in AD pathogenesis. CONCLUSION Our observation suggests important contribution of the intestinal microbiota to the protective activities of GSPE (as well as other polyphenol preparations) in AD. Outcomes from our studies support future preclinical and clinical investigations exploring the potential contributions of the intestinal microbiota in protecting against the onset/progression of AD and other neurodegenerative conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongjie Wang
- Center of Nutrition and Food Sciences, ARC center of Excellence in Plant Cell Walls, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Lap Ho
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NJ, USA
| | - Jeremiah Faith
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NJ, USA
| | - Kenjiro Ono
- Department of Neurology and Neurobiology and Aging, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Elsa M Janle
- Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Pamela J Lachcik
- Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Bruce R Cooper
- Bindley Bioscience Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Amber H Jannasch
- Bindley Bioscience Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Bruce R D'Arcy
- School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Barbara A Williams
- Center of Nutrition and Food Sciences, ARC center of Excellence in Plant Cell Walls, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Mario G Ferruzzi
- Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA.,Department of Food Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Samara Levine
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NJ, USA
| | - Wei Zhao
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NJ, USA
| | - Lauren Dubner
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NJ, USA
| | - Giulio M Pasinetti
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NJ, USA.,Geriatric Research and Clinical Center, James J. Peter Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA
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Mosele JI, Martín-Peláez S, Macià A, Farràs M, Valls RM, Catalán Ú, Motilva MJ. Study of the catabolism of thyme phenols combining in vitro fermentation and human intervention. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2014; 62:10954-10961. [PMID: 25339317 DOI: 10.1021/jf503748y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The gut metabolism of four thyme phenolics (monoterpenes thymol and carvacrol, rosmarinic acid, and eriodictyol) was evaluated in vitro. After the in vitro transformations of the individual phenols had been studied, the presence of their microbial metabolites was investigated in human feces collected before and after a sustained intake (3 weeks) of 25 mL/day of a thyme phenol-enriched olive oil. Results of in vitro fermentation showed low degradation of thymol and carvacrol. By contrast, large catabolism was noted when rosmarinic acid and eriodictyol were fermented, yielding hydroxyphenylpropionic acid as the main metabolite. In accordance with these results, after the in vivo intervention with thyme phenol-enriched olive oil, an increase in the concentration of hydroxyphenylpropionic and phenylpropionic acids was observed in human feces, confirming the effective in vivo microbial degradation of rosmarinic acid and eriodictyol. Carvacrol was detected in fecal samples at trace levels, suggesting that monoterpenes are well absorbed in the upper part of the gastrointestinal tract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juana I Mosele
- Food Technology Department, UTPV-XaRTA, Agrotecnio Research Center - University of Lleida , Av/Alcalde Rovira Roure 191, 25198 Lleida, Spain
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Bittner K, Kemme T, Peters K, Kersten S, Dänicke S, Humpf HU. Systemic absorption and metabolism of dietary procyanidin B4 in pigs. Mol Nutr Food Res 2014; 58:2261-73. [DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201400435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2014] [Revised: 09/19/2014] [Accepted: 09/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Bittner
- Institute of Food Chemistry; Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster; Münster; Germany
| | - Theresa Kemme
- Institute of Food Chemistry; Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster; Münster; Germany
| | - Katharina Peters
- Institute of Food Chemistry; Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster; Münster; Germany
| | - Susanne Kersten
- Institute of Animal Nutrition; Friedrich-Loeffler-Institute (FLI); Federal Research Institute for Animal Health; Braunschweig Germany
| | - Sven Dänicke
- Institute of Animal Nutrition; Friedrich-Loeffler-Institute (FLI); Federal Research Institute for Animal Health; Braunschweig Germany
| | - Hans-Ulrich Humpf
- Institute of Food Chemistry; Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster; Münster; Germany
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Effects of vitamin E, vitamin C and polyphenols on the rate of blood pressure variation: results of two randomised controlled trials. Br J Nutr 2014; 112:1551-61. [PMID: 25234339 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114514002542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
High blood pressure (BP) variability, which may be an important determinant of hypertensive end-organ damage, is emerging as an important predictor of cardiovascular health. Dietary antioxidants can influence BP, but their effects on variability are yet to be investigated. The aim of the present study was to assess the effects of vitamin E, vitamin C and polyphenols on the rate of daytime and night-time ambulatory BP variation. To assess these effects, two randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials were performed. In the first trial (vitamin E), fifty-eight individuals with type 2 diabetes were given 500 mg/d of RRR-α-tocopherol, 500 mg/d of mixed tocopherols or placebo for 6 weeks. In the second trial (vitamin C-polyphenols), sixty-nine treated hypertensive individuals were given 500 mg/d of vitamin C, 1000 mg/d of grape-seed polyphenols, both vitamin C and polyphenols, or neither (placebo) for 6 weeks. At baseline and at the end of the 6-week intervention, 24 h ambulatory BP and rate of measurement-to-measurement BP variation were assessed. Compared with placebo, treatment with α-tocopherol, mixed tocopherols, vitamin C and polyphenols did not significantly alter the rate of daytime or night-time systolic BP, diastolic BP or pulse pressure variation (P>0·05). Treatment with the vitamin C and polyphenol combination resulted in higher BP variation: the rate of night-time systolic BP variation (P= 0·022) and pulse pressure variation (P= 0·0036) were higher and the rate of daytime systolic BP variation was higher (P= 0·056). Vitamin E, vitamin C or grape-seed polyphenols did not significantly alter the rate of BP variation. However, the increase in the rate of BP variation suggests that the combination of high doses of vitamin C and polyphenols could be detrimental to treated hypertensive individuals.
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Khanal R, Howard LR, Prior RL. Urinary excretion of phenolic acids in rats fed cranberry, blueberry, or black raspberry powder. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2014; 62:3987-3996. [PMID: 24180593 DOI: 10.1021/jf403883r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Dietary polyphenolics can be converted into smaller phenolic acids (PA) by microorganisms in the colon and may contribute to health benefits associated with the parent polyphenolics. Urinary excretion of 18 PA and their conjugates was studied, using HPLC-MS/MS, in rats fed AIN93G-based diets containing 5% (dry weight basis) of either cranberry (CB), blueberry (BB), or black raspberry (BRB). Hippuric, 4-hydroxyphenylacetic, 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylacetic, and 4-hydroxybenzoic acids were excreted in greatest quantity in the urine over a 24 h period in all diets. Primary PA excreted in the berry diets were 4-hydroxycinnamic acid for CB; chlorogenic, ferulic, and 3,4-dihydroxycinnamic acids for BB; and 3-hydroxyphenylpropionic, 3-hydroxybenzoic, and 3-hydroxycinnamic acids for BRB. PA were present in conjugated form with cinnamic acid derivatives being 50-70% and phenylacetic acid derivatives conjugated <10%. Conjugated, and not just the free, PA are significant contributors to total urinary excretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramesh Khanal
- Department of Food Science, University of Arkansas , Fayetteville, Arkansas 72704, United States
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Lactobacillus plantarum IFPL935 impacts colonic metabolism in a simulator of the human gut microbiota during feeding with red wine polyphenols. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2014; 98:6805-15. [PMID: 24764016 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-014-5744-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2014] [Revised: 03/28/2014] [Accepted: 03/30/2014] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The colonic microbiota plays an important role in the bioavailibility of dietary polyphenols. This work has evaluated the impact on the gut microbiota of long-term feeding with both a red wine polyphenolic extract and the flavan-3-ol metabolizer strain Lactobacillus plantarum IFPL935. The study was conducted in the dynamic Simulator of the Human Intestinal Microbial Ecosystem (SHIME). The feeding of the gut microbiota model with red wine polyphenols caused an initial decrease in the counts of total bacteria in the ascending colon (AC), with Bacteroides, Clostridium coccoides/Eubacterium rectale and Bifidobacterium being the most affected bacterial groups. The bacterial counts recovered to initial numbers faster than the overall microbial fermentation and proteolysis, which seemed to be longer affected by polyphenols. Addition of L. plantarum IFPL935 helped to promptly recover total counts, Lactobacillus and Enterobacteriaceae and led to an increase in lactic acid formation in the AC vessel at the start of the polyphenol treatment as well as butyric acid in the transverse (TC) and descending (DC) vessels after 5 days. Moreover, L. plantarum IFPL935 favoured the conversion in the DC vessel of monomeric flavan-3-ols and their intermediate metabolites into phenylpropionic acids and in particular 3-(3'-hydroxyphenyl)propionic acid. The results open the possibilities of using L. plantarum IFPL935 as a food ingredient for helping individuals showing a low polyphenol-fermenting metabotype to increase their colonic microbial capacities of metabolizing dietary polyphenols.
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Fernández-Millán E, Ramos S, Alvarez C, Bravo L, Goya L, Martín MÁ. Microbial phenolic metabolites improve glucose-stimulated insulin secretion and protect pancreatic beta cells against tert-butyl hydroperoxide-induced toxicity via ERKs and PKC pathways. Food Chem Toxicol 2014; 66:245-53. [PMID: 24491264 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2014.01.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2014] [Revised: 01/24/2014] [Accepted: 01/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress is accepted as one of the causes of beta cell failure in type 2 diabetes. Therefore, identification of natural antioxidant agents that preserve beta cell mass and function is considered an interesting strategy to prevent or treat diabetes. Recent evidences indicated that colonic metabolites derived from flavonoids could possess beneficial effects on various tissues. The aim of this work was to establish the potential anti-diabetic properties of the microbial-derived flavonoid metabolites 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DHPAA), 2,3-dihydroxybenzoic acid (DHBA) and 3-hydroxyphenylpropionic acid (HPPA). To this end, we tested their ability to influence beta cell function and to protect against tert-butyl hydroperoxide-induced beta cell toxicity. DHPAA and HPPA were able to potentiate glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) in a beta cell line INS-1E and in rat pancreatic islets. Moreover, pre-treatment of cells with both compounds protected against beta cell dysfunction and death induced by the pro-oxidant. Finally, experiments with pharmacological inhibitors indicate that these effects were mediated by the activation of protein kinase C and the extracellular regulated kinases pathways. Altogether, these findings strongly suggest that the microbial-derived flavonoid metabolites DHPAA and HPPA may have anti-diabetic potential by promoting survival and function of pancreatic beta cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Fernández-Millán
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Sonia Ramos
- Departamento de Metabolismo y Nutrición, Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de los Alimentos y Nutrición (ICTAN), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmen Alvarez
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain; Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular II, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Bravo
- Departamento de Metabolismo y Nutrición, Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de los Alimentos y Nutrición (ICTAN), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis Goya
- Departamento de Metabolismo y Nutrición, Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de los Alimentos y Nutrición (ICTAN), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - María Ángeles Martín
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain; Departamento de Metabolismo y Nutrición, Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de los Alimentos y Nutrición (ICTAN), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain.
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Wine, Food and Health. WINE SCIENCE 2014. [PMCID: PMC7173591 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-381468-5.00012-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Wine has historically been associated with religious rights, used as a salubrious beverage, employed as a medication as well as a medicinal solvent, and consumed as a food accompaniment. It is the latter that is most intimately associated in the minds of most modern consumers. Despite this, there is little flavor commonality on which pairing could be based. The first section of the chapter examines this feature, and wine’s primary role as a palate cleanser and food condiment. The synergistic role of food and wine in suppressing each other’s least pleasant attributes is also explained. The final section deals with the latest evidence relating to the many beneficial health effects of moderate wine consumption, shortfalls in the data, headache induction, dental erosion, and conditions under which wine intake is contraindicated.
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Jiménez-Girón A, Queipo-Ortuño MI, Boto-Ordóñez M, Muñoz-González I, Sánchez-Patán F, Monagas M, Martín-Álvarez PJ, Murri M, Tinahones FJ, Andrés-Lacueva C, Bartolomé B, Moreno-Arribas MV. Comparative study of microbial-derived phenolic metabolites in human feces after intake of gin, red wine, and dealcoholized red wine. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2013; 61:3909-3915. [PMID: 23578197 DOI: 10.1021/jf400678d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The analysis of microbial phenolic metabolites in fecal samples from in vivo studies is crucial to understanding the potential modulatory effects derived from polyphenol consumption and its overall health effects, particularly at the gut level. In this study, the composition of microbial phenolic metabolites in human feces collected after regular consumption of either red wine, dealcoholized red wine, or gin was analyzed by UPLC-ESI-MS/MS. Red wine interventions produce a change in the content of eight phenolic acids, which are probably derived from the catabolism of flavan-3-ols and anthocyanins, the main flavonoids in red wine. Moreover, alcohol seemed not to influence the formation of phenolic metabolites by the gut microbiota. A principal component analysis revealed large interindividual differences in the formation of microbial metabolites after each red wine polyphenol intervention, but not after the gin intervention, indicating differences in the gut microbial composition among subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Jiménez-Girón
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación (CIAL), CSIC-UAM , c/Nicolás Cabrera 9, 28049 Madrid, Spain
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41
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Osakabe N. Flavan 3-ols improve metabolic syndrome risk factors: evidence and mechanisms. J Clin Biochem Nutr 2013; 52:186-92. [PMID: 23704807 PMCID: PMC3652297 DOI: 10.3164/jcbn.12-130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2012] [Accepted: 02/20/2013] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Flavan 3-ols, a type of polyphenolic substance, are distributed in a number of plant foods. Of these foods, chocolate is very rich in flavan 3-ols as flavan 3-ol monomers, (+)-catechin and (−)-epicatechin, and the oligomers as procyanidins. There is evidence that cacao products containing flavan 3-ols have the potential to contribute to the risk reduction of cardiometabolic disorders according to recent epidemiological or intervention studies. This review focuses on recent advances in research on the ability of flavan 3-ols to reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease as a result of improving metabolic syndrome risk factors and these mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naomi Osakabe
- Department of Bio-science and Engineering, Shibaura Institute of Technology, 307 Fukasaku, Minuma-ku, Saitama 337-8570, Japan
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Wang D, Williams BA, Ferruzzi MG, D'Arcy BR. Microbial metabolites, but not other phenolics derived from grape seed phenolic extract, are transported through differentiated Caco-2 cell monolayers. Food Chem 2012; 138:1564-73. [PMID: 23411282 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2012.09.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2012] [Revised: 09/03/2012] [Accepted: 09/25/2012] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Grape seed phenolic extract (GSE) is predicted to have health benefits, even though its bioavailability, including digestibility, permeability and ultimate metabolism, are still poorly understood. In vitro gastric and pancreatic digestion and in vitro ileal and faecal fermentation were combined with Caco-2 cell permeability studies for GSE samples. Qualitatively, there was no change in type/number of GSE compounds following gastric and pancreatic digestion and LC-MS analysis. However, the monomers were significantly (P<0.05) increased after gastric digestion, along with a significant (P<0.05) decrease in polymers. In addition, all forms of phenolic compounds decreased following pancreatic digestion. However, none of the original GSE phenolic compounds passed the Caco-2 cell monolayer, since all were recovered in the apical compartment. In contrast, the two intestinal microbiota metabolites with deprotonated molecular weights of [M-H]-165/121 and 193/175, that were found both in the ileal and faecal fermented samples, passed the Caco-2 cell monolayer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongjie Wang
- University of Queensland, School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia.
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Tognolini M, Giorgio C, Hassan Mohamed I, Barocelli E, Calani L, Reynaud E, Dangles O, Borges G, Crozier A, Brighenti F, Del Rio D. Perturbation of the EphA2-EphrinA1 system in human prostate cancer cells by colonic (poly)phenol catabolites. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2012; 60:8877-8884. [PMID: 22409255 DOI: 10.1021/jf205305m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The Eph tyrosine kinase receptors and their ephrin ligands play a central role in human cancer as their deregulated expression induces tumorigenesis with aggressive phenotypes. To evaluate their potential contribution to EphA2-ephrinA1 modulation, several colonic catabolites of dietary (poly)phenolics, known to be generated in vivo, were screened using an ELISA-based binding assay. Some of the catabolites inhibited the binding in a dose-dependent manner (IC(50) values from 0.26 to 43 μM). Functional studies on prostate adenocarcinoma cells revealed that pyrogallol and protocatechuic acid specifically antagonized ephrinA1-Fc-induced EphA2 phosphorylation at concentrations that were not cytotoxic. The active concentrations of pyrogallol appear to be close to what can be reached in vivo under physiological conditions. Finally, because of the roles played by the Eph-ephrin system not only in cancer development but also in neurodegeneration and diabetes, pyrogallol and protocatechuic acid are candidates for more detailed functional studies to elucidate their role in these pathophysiological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimiliano Tognolini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche, Biologiche e Chimiche Applicate, Università di Parma , Viale delle Scienze 27a, 43124 Parma, Italy
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Rzeppa S, Bittner K, Döll S, Dänicke S, Humpf HU. Urinary excretion and metabolism of procyanidins in pigs. Mol Nutr Food Res 2012; 56:653-65. [PMID: 22495989 PMCID: PMC3494987 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201100471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
SCOPE Aim of this study was to investigate urinary excretion and metabolism of procyanidins a group of secondary plant metabolites with many beneficial health effects described in literature. METHODS AND RESULTS To investigate the metabolism of procyanidins in the absence of flavan-3-ols, centrifugal partition chromatography was used for their reduction in a grape seed extract to a level of almost zero. After administration of the monomer reduced grape seed extract (mredGSE) containing procyanidins B1, B2, B3, B4, C1 to pigs flavan-3-ols, their methyl derivatives, dimeric and trimeric procyanidins were determined in urine by high-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS). Maximal concentrations of procyanidins 6 h after administration vary from 5 to 30 ng/mg creatinine. Total excretion of flavan-3-ols and their methyl derivatives indicates an increasing trend for pigs given mredGSE in comparison to pigs of the control group. Flavan-3-ols were conjugated and methylated to a great extent in comparison to dimeric and trimeric procyanidins. In the case of low molecular weight metabolites, an increasing trend was observed for hippuric acid, not for phenolic acids. CONCLUSIONS Ratios of total excretion of procyanidins to administrated amounts between 0.004% (C1) and 0.019% (B4) suggest a poor urinary excretion by pigs. A transfer of these results to humans is possible due to their similar gastrointestinal tract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Rzeppa
- Institute of Food Chemistry, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Münster, Germany
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45
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Seo S, Lee S, Hong Y, Kim Y. Phospholipase A2 inhibitors synthesized by two entomopathogenic bacteria, Xenorhabdus nematophila and Photorhabdus temperata subsp. temperata. Appl Environ Microbiol 2012; 78:3816-23. [PMID: 22447611 PMCID: PMC3346408 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00301-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2012] [Accepted: 03/12/2012] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The entomopathogenic bacteria Xenorhabdus nematophila and Photorhabdus temperata subsp. temperata suppress insect immune responses by inhibiting the catalytic activity of phospholipase A(2) (PLA(2)), which results in preventing biosynthesis of immune-mediating eicosanoids. This study identified PLA(2) inhibitors derived from culture broths of these two bacteria. Both X. nematophila and P. temperata subsp. temperata culture broths possessed significant PLA(2)-inhibitory activities. Fractionation of these bacterial metabolites in the culture broths using organic solvent and subsequent chromatography purified seven potent PLA(2) inhibitors, three of which (benzylideneacetone [BZA], proline-tyrosine [PY], and acetylated phenylalanine-glycine-valine [FGV]) were reported in a previous study. Four other compounds (indole, oxindole, cis-cyclo-PY, and p-hydroxyphenyl propionic acid) were identified and shown to significantly inhibit PLA(2). X. nematophila culture broth contained these seven compounds, while P. temperata subsp. temperata culture broth contained three compounds (BZA, acetylated FGV, and cis-cyclo-PY). BZA was detected in the largest amount among these PLA(2) compounds in both bacterial culture broths. All seven bacterial metabolites also showed significant inhibitory activities against immune responses, such as phenoloxidase activity and hemocytic nodulation; BZA was the most potent. Finally, this study characterized these seven compounds for their insecticidal activities against the diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella. Even though these compounds showed relatively low toxicities to larvae, they significantly enhanced the pathogenicity of Bacillus thuringiensis. This study reports bacterial-origin PLA(2) inhibitors, which would be applicable for developing novel insecticides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samyeol Seo
- Department of Bioresource Sciences, Andong National University, Andong, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunghong Lee
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Andong National University, Andong, Republic of Korea
| | - Yongpyo Hong
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Andong National University, Andong, Republic of Korea
| | - Yonggyun Kim
- Department of Bioresource Sciences, Andong National University, Andong, Republic of Korea
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Sánchez-Patán F, Cueva C, Monagas M, Walton GE, Gibson GRM, Quintanilla-López JE, Lebrón-Aguilar R, Martín-Álvarez PJ, Moreno-Arribas MV, Bartolomé B. In vitro fermentation of a red wine extract by human gut microbiota: changes in microbial groups and formation of phenolic metabolites. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2012; 60:2136-2147. [PMID: 22313337 DOI: 10.1021/jf2040115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
An in vitro batch culture fermentation experiment was conducted with fecal inocula from three healthy volunteers in the presence and absence of a red wine extract. Changes in main bacterial groups were determined by FISH during a 48 h fermentation period. The catabolism of main flavonoids (i.e., flavan-3-ols and anthocyanins) and the formation of a wide a range of phenolic microbial metabolites were determined by a targeted UPLC-PAD-ESI-TQ MS method. Statistical analysis revealed that catechol/pyrocatechol, as well as 4-hydroxy-5-(phenyl)-valeric, 3- and 4-hydroxyphenylacetic, phenylacetic, phenylpropionic, and benzoic acids, showed the greatest increases in concentration during fermentation, whereas 5-(3'-hydroxyphenyl)-γ-valerolactone, its open form 4-hydroxy-5-(3'-hydroxyphenyl)-valeric acid, and 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid represented the largest interindividual variations in the catabolism of red wine polyphenols. Despite these changes, microbial catabolism did not produce significant changes in the main bacterial groups detected, although a slight inhibition of the Clostridium histolyticum group was observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Sánchez-Patán
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación (CIAL), CSIC-UAM , Madrid, Spain
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Sánchez-Patán F, Cueva C, Monagas M, Walton GE, Gibson GR, Martín-Álvarez PJ, Victoria Moreno-Arribas M, Bartolomé B. Gut microbial catabolism of grape seed flavan-3-ols by human faecal microbiota. Targetted analysis of precursor compounds, intermediate metabolites and end-products. Food Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2011.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Uberos J, Fernéndez-Puentes V, Molina-Oya M, Rodrïguez-Belmonte R, Ruïz-López A, Tortosa-Pinto P, Molina-Carballo A, Muñoz-Hoyos A. Urinary Excretion of Phenolic Acids by Infants and Children: A Randomised Double-Blind Clinical Assay. CLINICAL MEDICINE. PEDIATRICS 2012; 6:67-74. [PMID: 23641168 PMCID: PMC3620699 DOI: 10.4137/cmped.s9349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Objectives: The present study, which is part of the ISRCTN16968287 clinical assay, is aimed at determining the effects of cranberry syrup or trimethoprim treatment for UTI. Methods: This Phase III randomised clinical trial was conducted at the San Cecilio Clinical Hospital (Granada, Spain) with a study population of 192 patients, aged between 1 month and 13 years. Criteria for inclusion were a background of recurrent UTI, associated or otherwise with vesico-ureteral reflux of any degree, or renal pelvic dilatation associated with urinary infection. Each child was randomly given 0.2 mL/Kg/day of either cranberry syrup or trimethoprim (8 mg/mL). The primary and secondary objectives, respectively, were to determine the risk of UTI and the levels of phenolic acids in urine associated with each intervention. Results: With respect to UTI, the cranberry treatment was non-inferior to trimethoprim. Increased urinary excretion of ferulic acid was associated with a greater risk of UTI developing in infants aged under 1 year (RR 1.06; CI 95% 1.024–1.1; P = 0.001). Conclusions: The results obtained show the excretion of ferulic acid is higher in infants aged under 1 year, giving rise to an increased risk of UTI, for both treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Uberos
- UGC Pediatría, Hospital Clínico San Cecilio de Granada, University of Granada, Spain
| | - V. Fernéndez-Puentes
- UGC Pediatría, Hospital Clínico San Cecilio de Granada, University of Granada, Spain
| | - M. Molina-Oya
- UGC Pediatría, Hospital Clínico San Cecilio de Granada, University of Granada, Spain
| | - R. Rodrïguez-Belmonte
- UGC Pediatría, Hospital Clínico San Cecilio de Granada, University of Granada, Spain
| | - A. Ruïz-López
- UGC Pediatría, Hospital Clínico San Cecilio de Granada, University of Granada, Spain
| | - P. Tortosa-Pinto
- UGC Pediatría, Hospital Clínico San Cecilio de Granada, University of Granada, Spain
| | - A. Molina-Carballo
- UGC Pediatría, Hospital Clínico San Cecilio de Granada, University of Granada, Spain
| | - A. Muñoz-Hoyos
- UGC Pediatría, Hospital Clínico San Cecilio de Granada, University of Granada, Spain
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Wang C, Zuo Y, Vinson JA, Deng Y. Absorption and excretion of cranberry-derived phenolics in humans. Food Chem 2011; 132:1420-1428. [PMID: 29243631 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2011.11.131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2011] [Revised: 11/14/2011] [Accepted: 11/29/2011] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Absorption and excretion of twenty cranberry-derived phenolics were studied following the consumption of cranberry juice, sauces, and fruits by healthy human volunteers. Plasma and urine samples were collected and analysed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). A high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method was employed for analysing urinary creatinine, which was used as a normalisation agent. Significant increases in the sum of plasma phenolics were observed with different concentration peaks (between 0.5 and 2h) for individual subjects. Some of the phenolics, such as trans-cinnamic, vanillic, p-coumaric acids, and catechin showed second plasma concentration peaks. All of cranberry-derived phenolics increased significantly in urine samples after the intake of each cranberry product. The high molecular weight quercetin and myricetin, which were abundant in cranberry foodstuffs, were not found in either plasma or urine samples. This study provided the fundamental information for understanding the absorption and excretion of phenolics in the human gastrointestinal system after dietary intake of cranberry products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengjun Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Massachusetts Dartmouth, 285 Old Westport Road, North Dartmouth, MA 02747, USA; College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Yuegang Zuo
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Massachusetts Dartmouth, 285 Old Westport Road, North Dartmouth, MA 02747, USA; College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China.
| | - Joe A Vinson
- Chemistry Department, University of Scranton, Scranton, PA 18510, USA
| | - Yiwei Deng
- Natural Sciences Department, University of Michigan-Dearborn, Dearborn, MI 48128, USA
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Feringa HHH, Laskey DA, Dickson JE, Coleman CI. The effect of grape seed extract on cardiovascular risk markers: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 111:1173-81. [PMID: 21802563 DOI: 10.1016/j.jada.2011.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2010] [Accepted: 03/02/2011] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Recent animal studies have suggested that grape seed extract has beneficial effects on the cardiovascular system. Randomized trials in human beings have yielded conflicting results. The objective of this systematic review was to assess the effect of grape seed extract on changes in blood pressure, heart rate, lipid levels, and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels. We searched MEDLINE (January 1, 1950, through October 31, 2010), Agricola (January 1, 1970, through October 31, 2010), Scopus (January 1, 1996, through October 31, 2010), and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (through October 31, 2010) for randomized controlled trials in human beings of grape seed extract reporting efficacy data on at least one of the following end points: systolic or diastolic blood pressure, heart rate, total cholesterol, low-density or high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, or CRP. A manual search of references from primary and review articles was performed to identify additional relevant trials. For all endpoints except CRP, the mean change in each parameter from baseline was treated as a continuous variable and the effect size was calculated as the weighted mean difference between the means in the grape seed extract and control groups. Data on CRP were pooled as a standardized mean difference. Nine randomized, controlled trials (N=390) met the inclusion criteria, and a meta-analysis was conducted. Upon meta-analysis, grape seed extract significantly lowered systolic blood pressure (weighted mean difference -1.54 mm Hg (95% confidence interval -2.85 to -0.22, P=0.02]), and heart rate (weighted mean difference -1.42 bpm (95% confidence interval -2.50 to -0.34, P=0.01]). No significant effect on diastolic blood pressure, lipid levels, or CRP was found. No statistical heterogeneity was observed for any analysis (I(2)<39% for all). Egger's weighted regression statistic suggested low likelihood of publication bias in all analysis (P>0.05 for all), except for the effect on diastolic blood pressure (P=0.046). Based on the currently available literature, grape seed extract appears to significantly lower systolic blood pressure and heart rate, with no effect on lipid or CRP levels. Larger randomized, double-blinded trials evaluating different dosages of grape seed extract and for longer follow-up durations are needed.
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