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Mesa-Ramos L, Palacios OA, Adame-Gallegos JR, Chávez-Flores D, Nevárez-Moorillón GV. Assessing antibiotic residues in sediments from mangrove ecosystems: A review. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2024; 204:116512. [PMID: 38810504 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2024.116512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
Antibiotics' widespread and abusive use in aquaculture and livestock leads to extensive environmental dissemination and dispersion, consequently increasing antibiotic-resistant bacteria in marine ecosystems. Hence, there is an increased need for efficient methods for identifying and quantifying antibiotic residues in soils and sediments. From a review of the last 20 years, we propose and compare different chromatographic techniques for detecting and quantifying antibiotics in sediment samples from marine ecosystems, particularly in mangrove forest sediments. The methods typically include three stages: extraction of antibiotics from the solid matrix, cleaning, and concentration of samples before quantification. We address the leading causes of the occurrence of antibiotics in marine ecosystem sediments and analyze the most appropriate methods for each analytical stage. Ultimately, selecting a method for identifying antibiotic residues depends on multiple factors, ranging from the nature and physicochemical properties of the analytes to the availability of the necessary equipment and the available resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liber Mesa-Ramos
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas Universidad Autónoma de Chihuahua. Chihuahua, Chihuahua CP 31125, Mexico
| | - Oskar A Palacios
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas Universidad Autónoma de Chihuahua. Chihuahua, Chihuahua CP 31125, Mexico
| | - Jaime Raúl Adame-Gallegos
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas Universidad Autónoma de Chihuahua. Chihuahua, Chihuahua CP 31125, Mexico
| | - David Chávez-Flores
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas Universidad Autónoma de Chihuahua. Chihuahua, Chihuahua CP 31125, Mexico
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Sheibani S, Jafarzadeh S, Qazanfarzadeh Z, Osadee Wijekoon MMJ, Mohd Rozalli NH, Mohammadi Nafchi A. Sustainable strategies for using natural extracts in smart food packaging. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 267:131537. [PMID: 38608975 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.131537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Revised: 03/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
The growing demand for sustainable and eco-friendly food packaging has prompted research on innovative solutions to environmental and consumer health issues. To enhance the properties of smart packaging, the incorporation of bioactive compounds derived from various natural sources has attracted considerable interest because of their functional properties, including antioxidant and antimicrobial effects. However, extracting these compounds from natural sources poses challenges because of their complex chemical structures and low concentrations. Traditional extraction methods are often environmentally harmful, expensive and time-consuming. Thus, green extraction techniques have emerged as promising alternatives, offering sustainable and eco-friendly approaches that minimise the use of hazardous solvents and reduce environmental impact. This review explores cutting-edge research on the green extraction of bioactive compounds and their incorporation into smart packaging systems in the last 10 years. Then, an overview of bioactive compounds, green extraction techniques, integrated techniques, green extraction solvents and their application in smart packaging was provided, and the impact of bioactive compounds incorporated in smart packaging on the shelf lives of food products was explored. Furthermore, it highlights the challenges and opportunities within this field and presents recommendations for future research, aiming to contribute to the advancement of sustainable and efficient smart packaging solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samira Sheibani
- Food Technology Division, School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Penang, Malaysia
| | - Shima Jafarzadeh
- Centre for Sustainable Bioproducts, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, VIC 3216, Australia.
| | - Zeinab Qazanfarzadeh
- International Centre for Research on Innovative Biobased Materials (ICRI-BioM)-International Research Agenda, Lodz University of Technology, Żeromskiego 116, 90-924 Lodz, Poland
| | - M M Jeevani Osadee Wijekoon
- Food Technology Division, School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Penang, Malaysia
| | | | - Abdorreza Mohammadi Nafchi
- Food Technology Division, School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Penang, Malaysia; Department of Food Science and Technology, Damghan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Damghan, Iran; Green Biopolymer, Coatings & Packaging Cluster, School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Penang, Malaysia.
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Chabili A, Minaoui F, Hakkoum Z, Douma M, Meddich A, Loudiki M. A Comprehensive Review of Microalgae and Cyanobacteria-Based Biostimulants for Agriculture Uses. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:159. [PMID: 38256713 PMCID: PMC10820584 DOI: 10.3390/plants13020159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Significant progress has been achieved in the use of biostimulants in sustainable agricultural practices. These new products can improve plant growth, nutrient uptake, crop yield and quality, stress adaptation and soil fertility, while reducing agriculture's environmental footprint. Although it is an emerging market, the biostimulant sector is very promising, hence the increasing attention of the scientific community and agro-industry stakeholders in finding new sources of plant biostimulants. Recently, pro- and eucaryotic microalgae have gained prominence and can be exploited as biostimulants due to their ability to produce high-value-added metabolites. Several works revealed the potential of microalgae- and cyanobacteria-based biostimulants (MCBs) as plant growth promoters and stress alleviators, as well as encouraging results pointing out that their use can address current and future agricultural challenges. In contrast to macroalgae biostimulants, the targeted applications of MBs in agriculture are still in their earlier stages and their commercial implementation is constrained by the lack of research and cost of production. The purpose of this paper is to provide a comprehensive overview on the use of this promising new category of plant biostimulants in agriculture and to highlight the current knowledge on their application prospects. Based on the prevailing state of the art, we aimed to roadmap MCB formulations from microalgae and cyanobacteria strain selection, algal biomass production, extraction techniques and application type to product commercialization and farmer and consumer acceptance. Moreover, we provide examples of successful trials demonstrating the beneficial applications of microalgal biostimulants as well as point out bottlenecks and constraints regarding their successful commercialization and input in sustainable agricultural practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amer Chabili
- Water, Biodiversity, and Climate Change Laboratory, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences Semlalia, Cadi Ayyad University, Bd Prince Moulay Abdellah, Marrakesh 40000, Morocco; (A.C.); (F.M.); (Z.H.)
| | - Farah Minaoui
- Water, Biodiversity, and Climate Change Laboratory, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences Semlalia, Cadi Ayyad University, Bd Prince Moulay Abdellah, Marrakesh 40000, Morocco; (A.C.); (F.M.); (Z.H.)
| | - Zineb Hakkoum
- Water, Biodiversity, and Climate Change Laboratory, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences Semlalia, Cadi Ayyad University, Bd Prince Moulay Abdellah, Marrakesh 40000, Morocco; (A.C.); (F.M.); (Z.H.)
| | - Mountasser Douma
- Polydisciplinary Faculty of Khouribga (FPK), Sultan Moulay Slimane University, Khouribga 25000, Morocco;
| | - Abdelilah Meddich
- Laboratory of Agro-Food, Biotechnologies, and Valorization of Plant Bioresources, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences Semlalia, Cadi Ayyad University, Bd Prince Moulay Abdellah, Marrakesh 40000, Morocco;
| | - Mohammed Loudiki
- Water, Biodiversity, and Climate Change Laboratory, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences Semlalia, Cadi Ayyad University, Bd Prince Moulay Abdellah, Marrakesh 40000, Morocco; (A.C.); (F.M.); (Z.H.)
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Ayvazyan A, Deutsch L, Zidorn C, Kircher B, Çiçek SS. Cytotoxic diterpenoids from Salvia glutinosa and comparison with the tanshinone profile of danshen ( Salvia miltiorrhiza). FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1269710. [PMID: 38116152 PMCID: PMC10729661 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1269710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
The roots of Salvia miltiorrhiza are the source of the traditional Chinese medicine danshen and the class of tanshinones, particular quinoid nor-diterpenoids of the abietane type. Of these compounds, cryptotanshinone, dihydrotanshinone I, tanshinone I, and tanshinone IIA, have been extensively studied for their anticancer potential, not only but as well because of their high abundance in S. miltiorrhiza and their thus easy availability. However, also additional Salvia species are known to contain tanshinones, mainly such of the subgenus Glutinaria, of which S. glutinosa is the only species widely occurring in Europe. Using UHPLC-DAD-MS, the tanshinone profile of S. glutinosa roots collected from two different locations was compared to the profile in S. miltiorrhiza roots. In addition, tanshinone IIA and another six diterpenoids from S. glutinosa were investigated for their antiproliferative and cytotoxic potential against MDA-MB-231 and HL-60 cells. Apart from dihydrotanshinone I, which has been previously characterized due to its anticancer properties, we determined danshenol A as a highly antiproliferative and cytotoxic agent, significantly surpassing the effects of dihydrotanshinone I. With regard to the diterpenoid profile, S. miltiorrhiza showed a higher concentration for most of the tanshinones, except for (+)-danshexinkun A, which was present in comparable amounts in both species. Danshenol A, in contrast, was only present in S. glutinosa as were dehydroabietic acid and (+)-pisiferic acid. The results of our study underlines the long traditional use of danshen due to its high amount on tanshinones, but also demonstrates the potential value of investigating closely related species for the discovery of new biologically active lead compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arpine Ayvazyan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Lenard Deutsch
- Tyrolean Cancer Research Institute, Innsbruck, Austria
- Immunobiology and Stem Cell Laboratory, Department of Internal Medicine V (Hematology and Oncology), Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Christian Zidorn
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Brigitte Kircher
- Tyrolean Cancer Research Institute, Innsbruck, Austria
- Immunobiology and Stem Cell Laboratory, Department of Internal Medicine V (Hematology and Oncology), Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Serhat S. Çiçek
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
- Department of Biotechnology, Hamburg University of Applied Sciences, Hamburg, Germany
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Nizam NN, Mahmud S, Ark SMA, Kamruzzaman M, Hasan MK. Bakuchiol, a natural constituent and its pharmacological benefits. F1000Res 2023; 12:29. [PMID: 38021404 PMCID: PMC10683784 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.129072.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and aims Natural compounds extracted from medicinal plants have recently gained attention in therapeutics as they are considered to have lower Toxicity and higher tolerability relative to chemically synthesized compounds. Bakuchiol from Psoralea corylifolia L. is one such compound; it is a type of meroterpene derived from the leaves and seeds of Psoralea corylifolia plants. Natural sources of bakuchiol have been used in traditional Chinese and Indian medicine for centuries due to its preventive benefits against tumors and inflammation. It plays a strong potential role as an antioxidant with impressive abilities to remove Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS). This review has focused on bakuchiol's extraction, therapeutic applications, and pharmacological benefits. Methods A search strategy has been followed to retrieve the relevant newly published literature on the pharmacological benefits of bakuchiol. After an extensive study of the retrieved articles and maintaining the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 110 articles were finally selected for this review. Results Strong support of primary research on the protective effects via antitumorigenic, anti-inflammatory, antioxidative, antimicrobial, and antiviral activities are delineated. Conclusions From ancient to modern life, medicinal plants have always been drawing the attention of human beings to alleviate ailments for a healthy and balanced lifestyle. This review is a comprehensive approach to highlighting bona fide essential pharmacological benefits and mechanisms underlying their therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuder Nower Nizam
- Department of Public Health, American International University Bangladesh, Dhaka, 1229, Bangladesh
| | - Sohel Mahmud
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tajgaon College, Dhaka, National University, Bangladesh, Gazipur, 1704, Bangladesh
| | - S M Albar Ark
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tajgaon College, Dhaka, National University, Bangladesh, Gazipur, 1704, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammad Kamruzzaman
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mawlana Bhashani Science and Technology University, Santosh, Tangail, 1902, Bangladesh
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Kamrul Hasan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tajgaon College, Dhaka, National University, Bangladesh, Gazipur, 1704, Bangladesh
- Department of Public Health, North South University, Dhaka, 1229, Bangladesh
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Extraction Methods, Quantitative and Qualitative Phytochemical Screening of Medicinal Plants for Antimicrobial Textiles: A Review. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11152011. [PMID: 35956489 PMCID: PMC9370299 DOI: 10.3390/plants11152011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Medicinal plants are the product of natural drug discoveries and have gained traction due to their pharmacological activities. Pathogens are everywhere, and they thrive in ideal conditions depending on the nutrients, moisture, temperature, and pH that increase the growth of harmful pathogens on surfaces and textiles. Thus, antimicrobial agents and finishes may be the solution to the destruction of pathogens. This review article presents an analysis of various aspects of producing antimicrobial finishings, the microorganisms, their mechanism of attachment to natural and synthetic fibre, the effect of microbial growth, and the principle and mechanism of the microbial activity of the medicinal plants. Furthermore, the extraction methods, qualitative and quantitative phytochemical evaluations of antimicrobial efficacy, and developments of antimicrobial treated textiles using various agents are covered in this review.
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Dormousoglou M, Efthimiou I, Antonopoulou M, Fetzer DL, Hamerski F, Corazza ML, Papadaki M, Santzouk S, Dailianis S, Vlastos D. Investigation of the Genotoxic, Antigenotoxic and Antioxidant Profile of Different Extracts from Equisetum arvense L. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11071393. [PMID: 35883882 PMCID: PMC9312020 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11071393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study investigated the cyto-genotoxic and antigenotoxic effects of four different extracts of Equisetum arvense L. (common name: field horsetail) on human lymphocytes. Specifically, Soxhlet’s prepared extracts from E. arvense L., using different solvents (S1: methanol (MeOH)-, S2: ethanol (EtOH)-, S3: water-, and S4: ethanol/water (EtOH-W)-) were analyzed for (a) their total phenolic and flavonoid content (TPC and TFC, respectively), (b) their antioxidant activity (AA), via the DPPH, FRAP and ABTS assays, and (c) their cyto-genotoxic and/or protective efficiency against the mutagenic agent mitomycin C, via the Cytokinesis Block MicroNucleus assay. All extracts showed increased TPC, TFC, and AA values in almost all cases. S1, S3 and S4 demonstrated no cytotoxic potential, whereas S2 was cytotoxic only at the highest concentrations. Genotoxicity was not observed in the tested extracts. The highest antigenotoxic activity was observed for EtOH-W (S4) extract, which was found to be rich in flavonoids, flavonoid-O-glycosides, phytosterols, phenolic and fatty acids as well as in minerals and mainly in K, Ca, Mg, Si and P, as assessed by using various mass spectrometry techniques. Those findings confirm that E. arvense L. extracts could be valuable candidates for medicinal applications and pharmaceutical products, thus alleviating the effects of more conventional drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margarita Dormousoglou
- Department of Environmental Engineering, University of Patras, Seferi 2, GR-30100 Agrinio, Greece; (M.D.); (I.E.); (M.A.); (M.P.)
| | - Ioanna Efthimiou
- Department of Environmental Engineering, University of Patras, Seferi 2, GR-30100 Agrinio, Greece; (M.D.); (I.E.); (M.A.); (M.P.)
- Hellenic Centre for Marine Research (HCMR), Institute of Marine Biology, Biotechnology and Aquaculture, Anavyssos, GR-19013 Athens, Greece
| | - Maria Antonopoulou
- Department of Environmental Engineering, University of Patras, Seferi 2, GR-30100 Agrinio, Greece; (M.D.); (I.E.); (M.A.); (M.P.)
| | - Damian L. Fetzer
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba 81531-990, Brazil; (D.L.F.); (F.H.); (M.L.C.)
| | - Fabiane Hamerski
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba 81531-990, Brazil; (D.L.F.); (F.H.); (M.L.C.)
| | - Marcos L. Corazza
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba 81531-990, Brazil; (D.L.F.); (F.H.); (M.L.C.)
| | - Maria Papadaki
- Department of Environmental Engineering, University of Patras, Seferi 2, GR-30100 Agrinio, Greece; (M.D.); (I.E.); (M.A.); (M.P.)
| | - Samir Santzouk
- Santzouk Samir and Co. General Partnership, PANAX, Chrissostomou Smirnis 14, GR-30100 Agios Konstantinos, Greece;
| | | | - Dimitris Vlastos
- Department of Biology, University of Patras, GR-26500 Patras, Greece;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +30-2610969239
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Zhang DY, Peng RQ, Wang X, Zuo HL, Lyu LY, Yang FQ, Hu YJ. A network pharmacology-based study on the quality control markers of antithrombotic herbs: Using Salvia miltiorrhiza - Ligusticum chuanxiong as an example. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 292:115197. [PMID: 35331879 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2022] [Revised: 02/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Salvia miltiorrhiza (Danshen, DS), the dried root and rhizome of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge and Ligusticum chuanxiong (Chuanxiong, CX), the dried rhizomes of Ligusticum striatum DC are effective in invigorating blood circulation and eliminating stasis which is highly related with cardiovascular disease (CVD). AIM OF STUDY The identification of activity-based chemical markers is very important, but the complex mechanism of "multi-component, multi-target, and multi-effect" within traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) poses a great challenge to this work. In this study, we combined network pharmacological prediction with experimental validation of the DS and CX to explore an effective method for discovering quality control (QC) of antithrombotic herbs by clarifying the intermediate layer "module/cluster" between the whole complex system and a single component. MATERIALS AND METHODS Based on structural similarity analysis of compound and the thrombosis network published before, we firstly modularized two layers called chemical cluster (CC) network and functional module (FM) network respectively and linked them into one bilayer modularized compound target (BMCT) network. "Two-step" calculation was applied on identifying the significant compounds as the potential QC markers from CC. The in vitro inhibitory activity of selected QC marker compounds on thrombin was evaluated to partially verify their pharmacological activities. HPLC was used to determine contents. RESULTS According to the network-based analysis, nine compounds with great importance in the BMCT network were identified as QC markers of DS-CX, including tanshinone I, tanshinone IIA, cryptotanshinone, salvianolic acid B, ferulic acid, salvianolic acid A, rosmarinic acid, chlorogenic acid, and coniferyl ferulate. Enzyme inhibitory test partially verified the activity of tanshinone I and tanshinone IIA. Chemical profiling indicated that the nine marker compounds are the main components in the herbal pair. CONCLUSIONS This study identified activity-based QC markers of DS-CX herbal pair and provided a new methodology that can be used in the QC of other herbs, herbal pairs, or formulas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dai-Yan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR, 999078, China.
| | - Ruo-Qian Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR, 999078, China.
| | - Xu Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 401331, China.
| | - Hua-Li Zuo
- School of Life and Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518172, China; Warshel Institute for Computational Biology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518172, China.
| | - Li-Yang Lyu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR, 999078, China.
| | - Feng-Qing Yang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 401331, China.
| | - Yuan-Jia Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR, 999078, China; DPM, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR, 999078, China.
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Javeed A, Ahmed M, Sajid AR, Sikandar A, Aslam M, Hassan TU, Dogar S, Nazir Z, Ji M, Li C. Comparative Assessment of Phytoconstituents, Antioxidant Activity and Chemical Analysis of Different Parts of Milk Thistle Silybum marianum L. Molecules 2022; 27:2641. [PMID: 35565993 PMCID: PMC9102823 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27092641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2022] [Revised: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Silybum marianum L. is a therapeutic plant belonging to the family Asteraceae, which has exhibited silymarin, a principal component used to cure various physiochemical disorders. The study appraised the phytochemical analysis, antioxidant activity and chemical analysis of an extract from the seed, stem and leaves. Qualitative and quantitative phytochemical analysis was evaluated by the Folin-Ciocalteu reagent method and aluminum chloride colorimetric method, respectively. While the antioxidant activity was determined by using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and acetate buffer in ferric chloride (FRAP) assay, respectively, the chemical profile was evaluated by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) assay. The study outcomes identified that alkaloids, glycosides, flavonoids, terpenoids, steroids and catcholic tannins were present in seed, stem and leaves extracts except for saponins and Gallic tannins. Whereas, phenols were absent only in seed extract. Quantitative analysis revealed the presence of phenols and flavonoids in appreciable amounts of 21.79 (GAE/g), 129.66 (QE/g) and 17.29 (GAE/g), 114.29 (QE/g) from the leaves and stem extract, respectively. Similarly, all extracts expressed reasonable DPPH inhibition (IC50) and FRAP reducing power such as 75.98, 72.39 and 63.21% and 46.60, 51.40 and 41.30 mmol/g from the seeds, stem and leaves extract, respectively. Additionally, chemical analysis revealed the existence of 6, 8 and 9 chemical compounds from the seeds, stem and leaves extract, respectively, corresponding to 99.95, 99.96 and 98.89% of the whole extract. The chemical compound, Dibutyl phthalate was reported from all extracts while, Hexadecanoic acid, methyl ester and Silane, (1,1-dimethylethyl), dimethyl (phenylmethoxy) were reported only from the seed and leaves extract. Moreover, Methyl stearate was also a major compound reported from all extracts except for seed extract. It is demonstrable that extracts from different parts of S. marianum possess significant antioxidant activity, as well as valuable chemical compounds accountable for therapeutic effects that might be incorporated as an alternative to synthetic chemical agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ansar Javeed
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China;
- School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475000, China
| | - Maqsood Ahmed
- College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China; (M.A.); (A.S.); (M.J.)
- Agriculture Department (Plant Protection) Pest Warning & Quality Control of Pesticides, Gujrat 50700, Pakistan;
| | - Allah Rakha Sajid
- Directorate General of Pest Warning and Quality Control of Pesticides, Lahore 42000, Pakistan; (A.R.S.); (M.A.); (T.u.H.); (Z.N.)
| | - Aatika Sikandar
- College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China; (M.A.); (A.S.); (M.J.)
| | - Muhammad Aslam
- Directorate General of Pest Warning and Quality Control of Pesticides, Lahore 42000, Pakistan; (A.R.S.); (M.A.); (T.u.H.); (Z.N.)
| | - Talfoor ul Hassan
- Directorate General of Pest Warning and Quality Control of Pesticides, Lahore 42000, Pakistan; (A.R.S.); (M.A.); (T.u.H.); (Z.N.)
| | - Samiullah Dogar
- Agriculture Department (Plant Protection) Pest Warning & Quality Control of Pesticides, Gujrat 50700, Pakistan;
| | - Zahid Nazir
- Directorate General of Pest Warning and Quality Control of Pesticides, Lahore 42000, Pakistan; (A.R.S.); (M.A.); (T.u.H.); (Z.N.)
| | - Mingshan Ji
- College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China; (M.A.); (A.S.); (M.J.)
| | - Cong Li
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China;
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Molecular Mechanism of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge in Treating Cerebral Infarction. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:5992394. [PMID: 35392650 PMCID: PMC8983215 DOI: 10.1155/2022/5992394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Background Cerebral infarction (CI) is a common brain disease in clinical practice, which is mainly due to the pathological environment of ischemia and hypoxia caused by difficult cerebral circulation perfusion function, resulting in ischemic necrosis of local brain tissue and neurological impairment. In traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) theory, CI is mainly due to blood stasis in the brain. Therefore, blood-activating and stasis-dissipating drugs are often used to treat CI in clinical practice. Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge (SMB) is a kind of traditional Chinese medicine with good efficacy in promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis, and treatment of CI with it is a feasible strategy. Based on the above analysis, we chose network pharmacology to investigate the feasibility of SMB in the treatment of CI and to study the possible molecular mechanisms by providing some reference for the treatment of CI with TCM. Methods The active ingredients and related targets of SMB were obtained through the Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology (TCMSP) database, and CI-related targets were obtained from the GeneCards and DisGeNET databases. The target of SMB for the treatment of CI was obtained using Cytoscape software and visualized. GO and KEGG enrichment analysis was performed based on “clusterProfiler” within R, and the prediction results were validated by molecular docking technique. Results By constructing a compound-target (C-T) network, it was found that the active components in SMB mainly treated CI by regulating key proteins such as AKT1, IL-6, and EGFR. These key proteins mainly involve in pathways such as immune regulation, cancer and lipid metabolism, such as lipid and atherosclerosis, chemical carcinogenesis-receptor activation pathways, and IL-17 signaling pathway. In the GO term, it mainly regulates the response to steroid hormones, membrane rafts, and G protein-amine receptor coupled activity. Eventually, we verified that the luteolin and tanshinone IIA components in SMB have a good possibility of action with AKT1 and IL-6 by in silico techniques, indicating that SMB has some scientificity in the treatment of CI. Conclusion SMB mainly treats CI by regulating 94 proteins involved in lipid and atherosclerosis, chemical carcinogenesis-receptor activation, and IL-17 signaling pathway. Our research strategy provided a template for the drug development of TCM for the treatment of CI.
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Stojanović J, Krmar J, Protić A, Svrkota B, Đajić N, Otašević B. Experimental design in HPLC separation of pharmaceuticals. ARHIV ZA FARMACIJU 2021. [DOI: 10.5937/arhfarm71-32480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Design of Experiments (DoE) is an indispensable tool in contemporary drug analysis as it simultaneously balances a number of chromatographic parameters to ensure optimal separation in High Pressure Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). This manuscript briefly outlines the theoretical background of the DOE and provides step-by-step instruction for its implementation in HPLC pharmaceutical practice. It particularly discusses the classification of various design types and their possibilities to rationalize the different stages of HPLC method development workflow, such as the selection of the most influential factors, factors optimization and assessment of the method robustness. Additionally, the application of the DOE-based Analytical Quality by Design (AQbD) concept in the LC method development has been summarized. Recent achievements in the use of DOE in the development of stability-indicating LC and hyphenated LC-MS methods have also been briefly reported. Performing of Quantitative structure retention relationship (QSRR) study enhanced with DOE-based data collection was recomended as a future perspective in description of retention in HPLC system.
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Lin P, Wang Q, Liu Y, Qin Z, Gao H, Ye M, Shang H, Yao X, Yao Z. Characterization of chemical profile and quantification of representative components of DanLou tablet, a traditional Chinese medicine prescription, by UHPLC-Q/TOF-MS combined with UHPLC-TQ-MS. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2019; 180:113070. [PMID: 31911285 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2019.113070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2019] [Revised: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
DanLou tablet (DLT), a famous traditional Chinese medicine prescription (TCMP) consisting of 10 herbal medicines, is extensively used for the treatment of angina pectoris and acute coronary syndrome in China. However, active chemical constituents responsible for the therapeutic effects still remain unclear, due to the fact that the complex composition in DLT have not been holistically clarified. Therefore, this study aimed to characterize the chemical profile and simultaneously quantify the representative components in DLT. First, 157 chemical constituents including flavonoids, triterpenoids, tanshinones, lactones, phenolic acids, paeoniflorins and the other types of components were detected, among which 39 were exactly identified by comparing their retention times and MS fragmentation behaviors with those of authentic standards by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-Q/TOF-MS). Moreover, 33 representative components were simultaneously quantified by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with triple-quadrupole tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-TQ-MS), which were selected based on following three principles: qualitative and quantitative markers in the Chinese Pharmacopeia (2015 edition), bioactive components possessing cardiovascular-related in vivo or in vitro activities and those derived from 10 consisted herbs in DLT with a diversity of representative structure types. The method was validated in terms of linearity, precision, repeatability and recovery and successfully applied for the quality evaluation of 20 batches of DLT samples. Further chemometric analysis indicated that danshensu and salvianolic acid B were the most significant quantitative markers for the content fluctuation of DLT. In summary, the chemical profiles of DLT were systematically characterized and a practical quantitative method combined with chemometrics was developed to evaluate the intrinsic quality of multiple DLT samples in this study. The present work would be helpful for guaranteeing the safety, efficacy, and controllability in clinical medication of DLT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei Lin
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Qi Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Yuehe Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Zifei Qin
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China.
| | - Hao Gao
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China; International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development Ministry of P.R. China, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Min Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Hongcai Shang
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education and Beijing, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Xinsheng Yao
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China; International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development Ministry of P.R. China, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Zhihong Yao
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China; International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development Ministry of P.R. China, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China.
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Zhang QW, Lin LG, Ye WC. Techniques for extraction and isolation of natural products: a comprehensive review. Chin Med 2018; 13:20. [PMID: 29692864 PMCID: PMC5905184 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-018-0177-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 572] [Impact Index Per Article: 95.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural medicines were the only option for the prevention and treatment of human diseases for thousands of years. Natural products are important sources for drug development. The amounts of bioactive natural products in natural medicines are always fairly low. Today, it is very crucial to develop effective and selective methods for the extraction and isolation of those bioactive natural products. This paper intends to provide a comprehensive view of a variety of methods used in the extraction and isolation of natural products. This paper also presents the advantage, disadvantage and practical examples of conventional and modern techniques involved in natural products research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing-Wen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, People’s Republic of China
| | - Li-Gen Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wen-Cai Ye
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine & Natural Products, and Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Modernization of TCM, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632 People’s Republic of China
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Azadniya E, Morlock GE. Bioprofiling of Salvia miltiorrhiza via planar chromatography linked to (bio)assays, high resolution mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. J Chromatogr A 2018; 1533:180-192. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2017.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2017] [Revised: 12/04/2017] [Accepted: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Sahu PK, Ramisetti NR, Cecchi T, Swain S, Patro CS, Panda J. An overview of experimental designs in HPLC method development and validation. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2017; 147:590-611. [PMID: 28579052 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2017.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2017] [Revised: 05/01/2017] [Accepted: 05/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Chemometric approaches have been increasingly viewed as precious complements to high performance liquid chromatographic practices, since a large number of variables can be simultaneously controlled to achieve the desired separations. Moreover, their applications may efficiently identify and optimize the significant factors to accomplish competent results through limited experimental trials. The present manuscript discusses usefulness of various chemometric approaches in high and ultra performance liquid chromatography for (i) methods development from dissolution studies and sample preparation to detection, considering the progressive substitution of traditional detectors with tandem mass spectrometry instruments and the importance of stability indicating assays (ii) method validation through screening and optimization designs. Choice of appropriate types of experimental designs so as to either screen the most influential factors or optimize the selected factors' combination and the mathematical models in chemometry have been briefly recalled and the advantages of chemometric approaches have been emphasized. The evolution of the design of experiments to the Quality by Design paradigm for method development has been reviewed and the Six Sigma practice as a quality indicator in chromatography has been explained. Chemometric applications and various strategies in chromatographic separations have been described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prafulla Kumar Sahu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Quality Assurance, Raghu College of Pharmacy, Dakamarri, Bheemunipatnam Mandal, Visakhapatnam, 531162, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Nageswara Rao Ramisetti
- Analytical Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (IICT), Tarnaka, Hyderabad, 500007, Telangana, India.
| | - Teresa Cecchi
- Chemistry Department, ITT MONTANI, Via Montani 7, 63900, Fermo, FM, Italy.
| | - Suryakanta Swain
- Department of Pharmaceutics, SIMS College of Pharmacy, Mangaladas Nagar, Vijayawada Road, Guntur, 522 001, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Chandra Sekhar Patro
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Quality Assurance, Raghu College of Pharmacy, Dakamarri, Bheemunipatnam Mandal, Visakhapatnam, 531162, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Jagadeesh Panda
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Quality Assurance, Raghu College of Pharmacy, Dakamarri, Bheemunipatnam Mandal, Visakhapatnam, 531162, Andhra Pradesh, India
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Cao J, Wei J, Xiang C, Zhang M, Li B, Wan J, Su H, Li P. Separation and Determination of Four Tanshinones in Danshen and Related Medicinal Plants by Micellar Electrokinetic Chromatography Using Ionic Liquids as Modifier. J Chromatogr Sci 2016; 54:1435-44. [DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/bmw059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Synergism of Chinese Herbal Medicine: Illustrated by Danshen Compound. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2016; 2016:7279361. [PMID: 27190537 PMCID: PMC4846759 DOI: 10.1155/2016/7279361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2015] [Revised: 01/05/2016] [Accepted: 02/16/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The primary therapeutic effects of Chinese herbal medicine (CHM) are based on the properties of each herb and the strategic combination of herbs in formulae. The herbal formulae are constructed according to Chinese medicine theory: the “Traditional Principles for Constructing Chinese Herbal Medicinal Formulae” and the “Principles of Combining Medicinal Substances.” These principles of formulation detail how and why multiple medicinal herbs with different properties are combined together into a single formula. However, the concept of herbal synergism in CHM still remains a mystery due to lack of scientific data and modern assessment methods. The Compound Danshen Formula (CDF) is a validated formula that has been used to treat a variety of diseases for hundreds of years in China and other countries. The CDF will be employed to illustrate the theory and principle of Chinese herbal medicine formulation. The aim of this review is to describe how Chinese herbal medicinal formulae are constructed according to Chinese medicine theory and to illustrate with scientific evidence how Chinese herbs work synergistically within a formula, thereby supporting Chinese medicine theory and practice.
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Kai G, Hao X, Cui L, Ni X, Zekria D, Wu JY. WITHDRAWN: Metabolic engineering and biotechnological approaches for production of bioactive diterpene tanshinones in Salvia miltiorrhiza. Biotechnol Adv 2014:S0734-9750(14)00150-5. [PMID: 25305517 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2014.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2014] [Revised: 10/02/2014] [Accepted: 10/05/2014] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
This article has been withdrawn at the request of the editor. The Publisher apologizes for any inconvenience this may cause. The full Elsevier Policy on Article Withdrawal can be found at http://www.elsevier.com/locate/withdrawalpolicy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoyin Kai
- Laboratory of Plant Biotechnology, Development Center of Plant Germplasm Resources, College of Life and Environment Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, PR China.
| | - Xiaolong Hao
- Laboratory of Plant Biotechnology, Development Center of Plant Germplasm Resources, College of Life and Environment Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, PR China
| | - Lijie Cui
- Laboratory of Plant Biotechnology, Development Center of Plant Germplasm Resources, College of Life and Environment Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, PR China
| | - Xiaoling Ni
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - David Zekria
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jian-Yong Wu
- Department of Applied Biology & Chemical Technology, State Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine and Molecular Pharmacology in Shenzhen, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong.
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Chen X, Kotani A, Hakamata H, Du S, Wang J, Kusu F. Determination of Cryptotanshinone, Tanshinone I, and Tanshinone IIA inSalvia Miltiorrhizaby Micro HPLC with Amperometric Detection. ANAL LETT 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719.2012.730593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Wang S, Hu Y, Tan W, Wu X, Chen R, Cao J, Chen M, Wang Y. Compatibility art of traditional Chinese medicine: from the perspective of herb pairs. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2012; 143:412-23. [PMID: 22871585 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2012.07.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 223] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2012] [Revised: 07/22/2012] [Accepted: 07/23/2012] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Over the past decades, research of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) mainly focused on developing potential candidates from Chinese medicinal herbs, while the wisdom of applying these traditional herbs has not been paid as much attention as it deserves. As is well-known, multi-herb therapy is one of the most important characteristics of TCM, but the modernization drive of this conventional wisdom has faced many obstacles due to its unimaginable complexity. Herb pairs, the most fundamental and the simplest form of multi-herb formulae, are a centralized representative of Chinese herbal compatibility. In light of their simplicity and the basic characteristics of complex formulae, herb pairs are of great importance in the studies of herb compatibility. MATERIALS AND METHODS A systematic search of herb pair related research was carried out using multiple online literature databases, books and monographs published in the past 20 years. RESULTS A comprehensive introduction to the compatibility of TCM, the position of herb pairs in TCM and the progresses of several famous herb pairs were provided in this review. Furthermore, the clinical study and the future research trends of herb pairs were also discussed. CONCLUSIONS Herb pairs have played, and may continue to play a key role in full investigation of general herb compatibility for their indispensable position in TCM. Much more research is needed for the standardization, safety evaluation, and mechanism exploration of herb pairs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengpeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Macau SAR 999078, China
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Yang J, Choi LL, Li DQ, Yang FQ, Zeng LJ, Zhao J, Li SP. Simultaneous analysis of hydrophilic and lipophilic compounds inSalvia miltiorrhizaby double-development HPTLC and scanning densitometry. JPC-J PLANAR CHROMAT 2011. [DOI: 10.1556/jpc.24.2011.3.16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Zhong GX, Li P, Zeng LJ, Guan J, Li DQ, Li SP. Chemical characteristics of Salvia miltiorrhiza (Danshen) collected from different locations in China. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2009; 57:6879-6887. [PMID: 19601629 DOI: 10.1021/jf901462s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The chemical characteristics of Salvia miltiorrhiza , also called "danshen" in China, were investigated on the basis of the simultaneous quantitative determination of 13 hydrophilic and lipophilic compounds, namely, protocatechuic acid, protocatechuic aldehyde, caffeic acid, ferulic acid, isoferulic acid, rosmarinic acid, salvianolic acid B, salvianolic acid A, dihydrotanshinone I, przewalskin, cryptotanshinone, tanshinone I, and tanshinone IIA, in 74 samples collected from different locations using ultraperformance liquid chromatography (UPLC). Hierarchical clustering analysis based on 13 investigated compounds and the similarity of the entire chromatographic pattern showed that S. miltiorrhiza was significantly different from Salvia przewalskii , an adulterant of danshen. The chemical characteristics of S. miltiorrhiza collected from different locations in China were revealed, and salvianolic acid B, rosmarinic acid, cryptotanshinone, and tanshinones I and IIA were optimized as markers for the evaluation, which is helpful in the quality control of S. miltiorrhiza.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo-Xin Zhong
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR, China
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Shi Z, Wang Y, Zhang H. Combination of Microwave Assisted Micellar Extraction and Liquid Chromatography for Determination of Cryptotanshinone, Tanshinone I, and Tanshinone IIA in Salvia Miltiorrhiza Bunge. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2009. [DOI: 10.1080/10826070802711170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhihong Shi
- a College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Hebei University, Key Laboratory of Analytical Science and Technology of Hebei Province , Baoding, P. R. China
| | - Yu Wang
- a College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Hebei University, Key Laboratory of Analytical Science and Technology of Hebei Province , Baoding, P. R. China
| | - Hongyi Zhang
- a College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Hebei University, Key Laboratory of Analytical Science and Technology of Hebei Province , Baoding, P. R. China
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Li YG, Song L, Liu M, Hu ZB, Wang ZT. Advancement in analysis of Salviae miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma (Danshen). J Chromatogr A 2008; 1216:1941-53. [PMID: 19159889 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2008.12.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 167] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2008] [Revised: 12/08/2008] [Accepted: 12/15/2008] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
This review summarizes the recent advances in the chemical analysis of Danshen and its finished products, including the introduction of the identified bioactive components, analytical methods for quantitative determination of target analytes and fingerprinting authentication, quality criteria of Danshen crude herb and its preparations, as well as the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic studies on the active components of Danshen and its finished products. Danshen contains mainly two types of constituents, the hydrophilic depsides and lipophilic diterpenoidal quinones and both of them are responsible for the pharmacological activities of Danshen. In order to monitor simultaneously both types of components which have different physicochemical properties, numerous analytical methods have been reported using various chromatographic and spectrophotometric technologies. In this review, 110 papers on analysis of Danshen are discussed, various analytical methods and their chromatographic conditions are briefly described and their advantages/disadvantages are compared. For obtaining a quick, accurate and applicable analytical approach for quality evaluation and establishing a harmonized criteria of Danshen and its finished products, the authors' suggestion and opinions are given, including the reasonable selection of marker compounds with high concentration and commercial availability, a simple sample preparation procedure with high recoveries of both the hydrophilic phenols and lipophilic tanshinones, and an optimized chromatographic condition with ideal resolutions of all the target components. The chemical degradation and transformation of the predominant constituent salvianolic acid B in Danshen during processing and manufacturing are also emphasized in order to assure the quality consistency of Danshen containing products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Guo Li
- Shanghai R&D Center for Standardization of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 1200 Cai Lun Road, Zhangjiang Hi-Tech Park, Shanghai, 201203, China.
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Xia L, Liu HL, Li P, Zhou JL, Qi LW, Yi L, Chen J. Rapid and sensitive analysis of multiple bioactive constituents in Compound Danshen preparations using LC-ESI-TOF-MS. J Sep Sci 2008; 31:3156-69. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.200800327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Current awareness in phytochemical analysis. PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS : PCA 2008; 19:471-478. [PMID: 18773504 DOI: 10.1002/pca.1040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
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