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Xie W, Dhinojwala A, Gianneschi NC, Shawkey MD. Interactions of Melanin with Electromagnetic Radiation: From Fundamentals to Applications. Chem Rev 2024; 124:7165-7213. [PMID: 38758918 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2024]
Abstract
Melanin, especially integumentary melanin, interacts in numerous ways with electromagnetic radiation, leading to a set of critical functions, including radiation protection, UV-protection, pigmentary and structural color productions, and thermoregulation. By harnessing these functions, melanin and melanin-like materials can be widely applied to diverse applications with extraordinary performance. Here we provide a unified overview of the melanin family (all melanin and melanin-like materials) and their interactions with the complete electromagnetic radiation spectrum (X-ray, Gamma-ray, UV, visible, near-infrared), which until now has been absent from the literature and is needed to establish a solid fundamental base to facilitate their future investigation and development. We begin by discussing the chemistries and morphologies of both natural and artificial melanin, then the fundamentals of melanin-radiation interactions, and finally the exciting new developments in high-performance melanin-based functional materials that exploit these interactions. This Review provides both a comprehensive overview and a discussion of future perspectives for each subfield of melanin that will help direct the future development of melanin from both fundamental and applied perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanjie Xie
- Department of Biology, Evolution and Optics of Nanostructure Group, University of Ghent, Gent 9000, Belgium
| | - Ali Dhinojwala
- School of Polymer Science and Polymer Engineering, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325, United States
| | - Nathan C Gianneschi
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Simpson-Querrey Institute, Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Lurie Cancer Center, and International Institute of Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Matthew D Shawkey
- Department of Biology, Evolution and Optics of Nanostructure Group, University of Ghent, Gent 9000, Belgium
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Yusuf M, Baroroh U, Nuwarda RF, Prasetiya FS, Ishmayana S, Novianti MT, Tohari TR, Hardianto A, Subroto T, Mouget JL, Pasetto P. Theoretical and Experimental Studies on the Evidence of 1,3-β-Glucan in Marennine of Haslea ostrearia. Molecules 2023; 28:5625. [PMID: 37570595 PMCID: PMC10419454 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28155625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Marennine, a blue pigment produced by the blue diatom Haslea ostrearia, is known to have some biological activities. This pigment is responsible for the greening of oysters on the West Coast of France. Other new species of blue diatom, H. karadagensis, H. silbo sp. inedit., H. provincialis sp. inedit, and H. nusantara, also produce marennine-like pigments with similar biological activities. Aside from being a potential source of natural blue pigments, H. ostrearia-like diatoms present a commercial potential for the aquaculture, food, cosmetics, and health industries. Unfortunately, for a hundred years, the exact molecular structure of this bioactive compound has remained a mystery. A lot of hypotheses regarding the chemical structure of marennine have been proposed. The recent discovery of this structure revealed that it is a macromolecule, mainly carbohydrates, with a complex composition. In this study, some glycoside hydrolases were used to digest marennine, and the products were further analyzed using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and mass spectroscopy (MS). The reducing sugar assay showed that marennine was hydrolyzed only by endo-1,3-β-glucanase. Further insight into the structure of marennine was provided by the spectrum of 1H NMR, MS, a colorimetric assay, and a computational study, which suggest that the chemical structure of marennine contains 1,3-β-glucan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Yusuf
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang 45363, Indonesia; (M.Y.); (S.I.); (A.H.); (T.S.)
- Research Center for Molecular Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung 40133, Indonesia; (U.B.); (M.T.N.); (T.R.T.)
| | - Umi Baroroh
- Research Center for Molecular Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung 40133, Indonesia; (U.B.); (M.T.N.); (T.R.T.)
- Department of Biotechnology Pharmacy, Indonesian School of Pharmacy, Bandung 40266, Indonesia
| | - Rina Fajri Nuwarda
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang 45363, Indonesia;
| | - Fiddy Semba Prasetiya
- Research Center for Biosystematics and Evolution, Research Organization for Life Sciences and Environment, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Cibinong 16911, Indonesia;
| | - Safri Ishmayana
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang 45363, Indonesia; (M.Y.); (S.I.); (A.H.); (T.S.)
| | - Mia Tria Novianti
- Research Center for Molecular Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung 40133, Indonesia; (U.B.); (M.T.N.); (T.R.T.)
| | - Taufik Ramdani Tohari
- Research Center for Molecular Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung 40133, Indonesia; (U.B.); (M.T.N.); (T.R.T.)
| | - Ari Hardianto
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang 45363, Indonesia; (M.Y.); (S.I.); (A.H.); (T.S.)
| | - Toto Subroto
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang 45363, Indonesia; (M.Y.); (S.I.); (A.H.); (T.S.)
- Research Center for Molecular Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung 40133, Indonesia; (U.B.); (M.T.N.); (T.R.T.)
| | - Jean-Luc Mouget
- Laboratoire Biologie des Organismes, Stress, Santé, Environnement (BiOSSE), Le Mans Université, Avenue Olivier Messiaen, 72085 Le Mans, France;
| | - Pamela Pasetto
- Institut des Molécules et Matériaux du Mans (IMMM), UMR CNRS 6283, Le Mans Université, Avenue Olivier Messiaen, 72085 Le Mans, France
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Haslea ostrearia Pigment Marennine Affects Key Actors of Neuroinflammation and Decreases Cell Migration in Murine Neuroglial Cell Model. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065388. [PMID: 36982463 PMCID: PMC10049552 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Haslea ostrearia, a cosmopolitan marine pennate diatom, produces a characteristic blue pigment called marennine that causes the greening of filter-feeding organisms, such as oysters. Previous studies evidenced various biological activities of purified marennine extract, such as antibacterial, antioxidant and antiproliferative effects. These effects could be beneficial to human health. However, the specific biological activity of marennine remains to be characterized, especially regarding primary cultures of mammals. In the present study, we aimed to determine in vitro the effects of a purified extract of marennine on neuroinflammatory and cell migratory processes. These effects were assessed at non-cytotoxic concentrations of 10 and 50μg/mL on primary cultures of neuroglial cells. Marennine strongly interacts with neuroinflammatory processes in the immunocompetent cells of the central nervous system, represented by astrocytes and microglial cells. An anti-migratory activity based on a neurospheres migration assay has also been observed. These results encourage further study of Haslea blue pigment effects, particularly the identification of molecular and cellular targets affected by marennine, and strengthen previous studies suggesting that marennine has bioactivities which could be beneficial for human health applications.
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Thakur M, Modi VK. Biocolorants in food: Sources, extraction, applications and future prospects. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 64:4674-4713. [PMID: 36503345 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2144997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Color of a food is one of the major factors influencing its acceptance by consumers. At presently synthetic dyes are the most commonly used food colorant in food industry by providing more esthetically appearance and as a means to quality control. However, the growing concern about health and environmental due to associated toxicity with synthetic food colorants has accelerated the global efforts to replace them with safer and healthy food colorants obtained from natural resources (plants, microorganisms, and animals). Further, many of these biocolorants not only provide myriad of colors to the food but also exert biological properties, thus they can be used as nutraceuticals in foods and beverages. In order to understand the importance of nature-derived pigments as food colorants, this review provides a thorough discussion on the natural origin of food colorants. Following this, different extraction methods for isolating biocolorants from plants and microbes were also discussed. Many of these biocolorants not only provide color, but also have many health promoting properties, for this reason their physicochemical and biological properties were also reviewed. Finally, current trends on the use of biocolorants in foods, and the challenges faced by the biocolorants in their effective utilization by food industry and possible solutions to these challenges were discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Thakur
- Amity Institute of Food Technology, Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - V K Modi
- Amity Institute of Food Technology, Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Wang Y, Wang J, Chen Y, Liu S, Zhao Y, Chen N. Comparative Analysis of Bacillariophyceae Chloroplast Genomes Uncovers Extensive Genome Rearrangements Associated with Speciation. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:10024. [PMID: 36011659 PMCID: PMC9408514 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191610024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 08/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The Bacillariophyceae is a species-rich, ecologically significant class of Bacillariophyta. Despite their critical importance in marine ecosystems as primary producers and in the development of harmful algal blooms (HABs), taxonomic research on Bacillariophyceae species has been hindered because of their limited morphological features, plasticity of morphologies, and the low resolution of common molecular markers. Hence molecular markers with improved resolution are urgently needed. Organelle genomes, which can be constructed efficiently with the recent development of high throughput DNA sequencing technologies and the advancement of bioinformatics tools, have been proposed as super barcodes for their higher resolution for distinguishing different species and intra-species genomic variations. In this study, we tested the value of full-length chloroplast genomes (cpDNAs) as super barcodes for distinguishing diatom species, by constructing cpDNAs of 11 strains of the class Bacillariophyceae, including Nitzschia ovalis, Nitzschia traheaformis, Cylindrotheca spp., Psammodictyon constrictum, Bacillaria paxillifer, two strains of Haslea tsukamotoi, Haslea avium, Navicula arenaria, and Pleurosigma sp. Comparative analysis of cpDNAs revealed that cpDNAs were not only adequate for resolving different species, but also for enabling recognition of high levels of genome rearrangements between cpDNAs of different species, especially for species of the genera Nitzschia, Cylindrotheca, Navicula and Haslea. Additionally, comparative analysis suggested that the positioning of species in the genus Haslea should be transferred to the genus Navicula. Chloroplast genome-based evolutionary analysis suggested that the Bacillariophyceae species first appeared during the Cretaceous period and the diversity of species rose after the mass extinction about 65 Mya. This study highlighted the value of cpDNAs in research on the biodiversity and evolution of Bacillariophyceae species, and, with the construction of more cpDNAs representing additional genera, deeper insight into the biodiversity and evolutionary relationships of Bacillariophyceae species will be gained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yichao Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
- Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Jing Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
- Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China
- Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Yang Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
- Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Shuya Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
- Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China
- Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Yongfang Zhao
- Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China
- Jiaozhou Bay National Marine Ecosystem Research Station, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Nansheng Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
- Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China
- Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada
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Gargouch N, Touchard R, Marec H, Luc Mouget J, Pruvost J, Massé A. Submerged membrane photobioreactor for the cultivation of Haslea ostrearia and the continuous extraction of extracellular marennine. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 350:126922. [PMID: 35240277 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.126922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Haslea ostrearia is a marine diatom known to produce and excrete the marenine blue pigment. Its controlled, continuous and intensified cultivation remains a challenge. Thus, a submerged membrane photobioreactor (MPBR) was implemented in order to simultaneously and continuously cultivate H. ostrearia and extract marennine. The MPBR was compared with a similar air-lift photobioreactor (without membrane), both working at a dilution rate equal to 0.1, 0.3 and 0.5 d-1. Contrary to the air-lift photobioreactor, the MPBR successfully operated at high dilution rate without biomass washout. The MPBR allowed continuously recovering marennine and reaching high cell density (555 ± 25 × 106 cells L-1 at D = 0.1 d-1), marennine concentration (36.00 ± 0.02 mg L-1 at D = 0.1 d-1) and marenine productivity (7.20 ± 0.01 mg L-1 d-1 at D = 0.5 d-1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Nesrine Gargouch
- Université de Nantes, Oniris, CNRS, GEPEA, UMR 6144, F-44600 Saint-Nazaire, France
| | | | - Hélène Marec
- Université de Nantes, Oniris, CNRS, GEPEA, UMR 6144, F-44600 Saint-Nazaire, France
| | - Jean Luc Mouget
- Mer-Molécules-Santé, MMS, FR CNRS 3473, IUML, Le Mans Université, 72000 Le Mans, France
| | - Jérémy Pruvost
- Université de Nantes, Oniris, CNRS, GEPEA, UMR 6144, F-44600 Saint-Nazaire, France
| | - Anthony Massé
- Université de Nantes, Oniris, CNRS, GEPEA, UMR 6144, F-44600 Saint-Nazaire, France.
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Gabed N, Verret F, Peticca A, Kryvoruchko I, Gastineau R, Bosson O, Séveno J, Davidovich O, Davidovich N, Witkowski A, Kristoffersen JB, Benali A, Ioannou E, Koutsaviti A, Roussis V, Gâteau H, Phimmaha S, Leignel V, Badawi M, Khiar F, Francezon N, Fodil M, Pasetto P, Mouget JL. What Was Old Is New Again: The Pennate Diatom Haslea ostrearia (Gaillon) Simonsen in the Multi-Omic Age. Mar Drugs 2022; 20:md20040234. [PMID: 35447907 PMCID: PMC9033121 DOI: 10.3390/md20040234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The marine pennate diatom Haslea ostrearia has long been known for its characteristic blue pigment marennine, which is responsible for the greening of invertebrate gills, a natural phenomenon of great importance for the oyster industry. For two centuries, this taxon was considered unique; however, the recent description of a new blue Haslea species revealed unsuspected biodiversity. Marennine-like pigments are natural blue dyes that display various biological activities—e.g., antibacterial, antioxidant and antiproliferative—with a great potential for applications in the food, feed, cosmetic and health industries. Regarding fundamental prospects, researchers use model organisms as standards to study cellular and physiological processes in other organisms, and there is a growing and crucial need for more, new and unconventional model organisms to better correspond to the diversity of the tree of life. The present work, thus, advocates for establishing H. ostrearia as a new model organism by presenting its pros and cons—i.e., the interesting aspects of this peculiar diatom (representative of benthic-epiphytic phytoplankton, with original behavior and chemodiversity, controlled sexual reproduction, fundamental and applied-oriented importance, reference genome, and transcriptome will soon be available); it will also present the difficulties encountered before this becomes a reality as it is for other diatom models (the genetics of the species in its infancy, the transformation feasibility to be explored, the routine methods needed to cryopreserve strains of interest).
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Affiliation(s)
- Noujoud Gabed
- Institute of Marine Biology, Biotechnology and Aquaculture, Hellenic Centre for Marine Research (HCMR), Gournes Pediados, 71003 Heraklion, Greece; (N.G.); (J.B.K.); (A.B.)
- Oran High School of Biological Sciences (ESSBO), Cellular and Molecular Biology Department, Oran 31000, Algeria
- Laboratoire d’Aquaculture et Bioremediation AquaBior, Université d’Oran 1, Oran 31000, Algeria
| | - Frédéric Verret
- Institute of Marine Biology, Biotechnology and Aquaculture, Hellenic Centre for Marine Research (HCMR), Gournes Pediados, 71003 Heraklion, Greece; (N.G.); (J.B.K.); (A.B.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +30-2810-337-852
| | - Aurélie Peticca
- Laboratoire Biologie des Organismes, Stress, Santé, Environnement (BiOSSE), Le Mans Université, Avenue Olivier Messiaen, 72085 Le Mans, France; (A.P.); (O.B.); (J.S.); (H.G.); (S.P.); (V.L.); (M.B.); (F.K.); (M.F.); (J.-L.M.)
| | - Igor Kryvoruchko
- Department of Biology, United Arab Emirates University (UAEU), Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates;
| | - Romain Gastineau
- Institute of Marine and Environmental Sciences, University of Szczecin, Mickiewicza 16, 70-383 Szczecin, Poland; (R.G.); (N.D.); (A.W.)
| | - Orlane Bosson
- Laboratoire Biologie des Organismes, Stress, Santé, Environnement (BiOSSE), Le Mans Université, Avenue Olivier Messiaen, 72085 Le Mans, France; (A.P.); (O.B.); (J.S.); (H.G.); (S.P.); (V.L.); (M.B.); (F.K.); (M.F.); (J.-L.M.)
| | - Julie Séveno
- Laboratoire Biologie des Organismes, Stress, Santé, Environnement (BiOSSE), Le Mans Université, Avenue Olivier Messiaen, 72085 Le Mans, France; (A.P.); (O.B.); (J.S.); (H.G.); (S.P.); (V.L.); (M.B.); (F.K.); (M.F.); (J.-L.M.)
| | - Olga Davidovich
- Karadag Scientific Station, Natural Reserve of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Kurortnoe, 98188 Feodosiya, Russia;
| | - Nikolai Davidovich
- Institute of Marine and Environmental Sciences, University of Szczecin, Mickiewicza 16, 70-383 Szczecin, Poland; (R.G.); (N.D.); (A.W.)
- Karadag Scientific Station, Natural Reserve of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Kurortnoe, 98188 Feodosiya, Russia;
| | - Andrzej Witkowski
- Institute of Marine and Environmental Sciences, University of Szczecin, Mickiewicza 16, 70-383 Szczecin, Poland; (R.G.); (N.D.); (A.W.)
| | - Jon Bent Kristoffersen
- Institute of Marine Biology, Biotechnology and Aquaculture, Hellenic Centre for Marine Research (HCMR), Gournes Pediados, 71003 Heraklion, Greece; (N.G.); (J.B.K.); (A.B.)
| | - Amel Benali
- Institute of Marine Biology, Biotechnology and Aquaculture, Hellenic Centre for Marine Research (HCMR), Gournes Pediados, 71003 Heraklion, Greece; (N.G.); (J.B.K.); (A.B.)
- Laboratoire d’Aquaculture et Bioremediation AquaBior, Université d’Oran 1, Oran 31000, Algeria
- Laboratoire de Génétique Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Université des Sciences et de la Technologie d’Oran Mohamed BOUDIAF-USTO-MB, BP 1505, El M’naouer, Oran 31000, Algeria
| | - Efstathia Ioannou
- Section of Pharmacognosy and Chemistry of Natural Products, Department of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis Zografou, 15771 Athens, Greece; (E.I.); (A.K.); (V.R.)
| | - Aikaterini Koutsaviti
- Section of Pharmacognosy and Chemistry of Natural Products, Department of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis Zografou, 15771 Athens, Greece; (E.I.); (A.K.); (V.R.)
| | - Vassilios Roussis
- Section of Pharmacognosy and Chemistry of Natural Products, Department of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis Zografou, 15771 Athens, Greece; (E.I.); (A.K.); (V.R.)
| | - Hélène Gâteau
- Laboratoire Biologie des Organismes, Stress, Santé, Environnement (BiOSSE), Le Mans Université, Avenue Olivier Messiaen, 72085 Le Mans, France; (A.P.); (O.B.); (J.S.); (H.G.); (S.P.); (V.L.); (M.B.); (F.K.); (M.F.); (J.-L.M.)
| | - Suliya Phimmaha
- Laboratoire Biologie des Organismes, Stress, Santé, Environnement (BiOSSE), Le Mans Université, Avenue Olivier Messiaen, 72085 Le Mans, France; (A.P.); (O.B.); (J.S.); (H.G.); (S.P.); (V.L.); (M.B.); (F.K.); (M.F.); (J.-L.M.)
| | - Vincent Leignel
- Laboratoire Biologie des Organismes, Stress, Santé, Environnement (BiOSSE), Le Mans Université, Avenue Olivier Messiaen, 72085 Le Mans, France; (A.P.); (O.B.); (J.S.); (H.G.); (S.P.); (V.L.); (M.B.); (F.K.); (M.F.); (J.-L.M.)
| | - Myriam Badawi
- Laboratoire Biologie des Organismes, Stress, Santé, Environnement (BiOSSE), Le Mans Université, Avenue Olivier Messiaen, 72085 Le Mans, France; (A.P.); (O.B.); (J.S.); (H.G.); (S.P.); (V.L.); (M.B.); (F.K.); (M.F.); (J.-L.M.)
| | - Feriel Khiar
- Laboratoire Biologie des Organismes, Stress, Santé, Environnement (BiOSSE), Le Mans Université, Avenue Olivier Messiaen, 72085 Le Mans, France; (A.P.); (O.B.); (J.S.); (H.G.); (S.P.); (V.L.); (M.B.); (F.K.); (M.F.); (J.-L.M.)
| | - Nellie Francezon
- Institut des Molécules et Matériaux du Mans, UMR CNRS 6283, Le Mans Université, Avenue Olivier Messiaen, 2085 Le Mans, France; (N.F.); (P.P.)
| | - Mostefa Fodil
- Laboratoire Biologie des Organismes, Stress, Santé, Environnement (BiOSSE), Le Mans Université, Avenue Olivier Messiaen, 72085 Le Mans, France; (A.P.); (O.B.); (J.S.); (H.G.); (S.P.); (V.L.); (M.B.); (F.K.); (M.F.); (J.-L.M.)
| | - Pamela Pasetto
- Institut des Molécules et Matériaux du Mans, UMR CNRS 6283, Le Mans Université, Avenue Olivier Messiaen, 2085 Le Mans, France; (N.F.); (P.P.)
| | - Jean-Luc Mouget
- Laboratoire Biologie des Organismes, Stress, Santé, Environnement (BiOSSE), Le Mans Université, Avenue Olivier Messiaen, 72085 Le Mans, France; (A.P.); (O.B.); (J.S.); (H.G.); (S.P.); (V.L.); (M.B.); (F.K.); (M.F.); (J.-L.M.)
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8
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Semi-continuous system for benthic diatom cultivation and marennine production. ALGAL RES 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2022.102633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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9
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Francezon N, Tremblay A, Mouget JL, Pasetto P, Beaulieu L. Algae as a Source of Natural Flavors in Innovative Foods. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:11753-11772. [PMID: 34597023 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c04409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
As a result of their nutritive values, algae have been used as a food resource for centuries, and there is a growing interest to use them as enrichment ingredients in food products. However, food product acceptance by consumers is strongly linked to their organoleptic properties, especially the aroma, taste, and a combination of the two, flavor. With regard to edible algae, "fresh seashore", "seafood-like", "cucumber green", and "earthy" are descriptors commonly used to define their aromas. Several families of molecules participate in the diversity and peculiarities of algal aromas: pungent sulfur compounds and marine halogenated components but also herbaceous fatty acid derivatives and fruity-floral terpenoids. In both macroalgae (seaweeds) and microalgae, these compounds are studied from a chemistry point of view (identification and quantification) and a sensorial point of view, involving sensorial evaluation by panelists. As a whole food, a food ingredient, or a feed, algae are valued for their nutritional composition and their health benefits. However, because the acceptance of food by consumers is so strongly linked to its sensorial features, studies have been performed to explore the aromas of algae, their impact on food, their evolution through processing, and their ability to produce selected aromas using biotechnology. This review aims at highlighting algal aromas from seaweed and microalgae as well as their use, their handling, and their processing in the food industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nellie Francezon
- Institut sur la Nutrition et les Aliments Fonctionnels (INAF), Département des Sciences des Aliments, Université Laval, 2425 Rue de l'Agriculture, Québec City, Québec G1V 0A6, Canada
- Institut National de Recherche pour l'Agriculture, l'Alimentation et l'Environnement (INRAE) 42 Rue Georges Morel, 49070 Beaucouzé, France
| | - Ariane Tremblay
- Institut sur la Nutrition et les Aliments Fonctionnels (INAF), Département des Sciences des Aliments, Université Laval, 2425 Rue de l'Agriculture, Québec City, Québec G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Jean-Luc Mouget
- Mer-Molécules-Santé (MMS), FR CNRS 3473 IUML, Le Mans Université, Avenue Olivier Messiaen, 72085 Le Mans Cedex 9, France
| | - Pamela Pasetto
- Institut des Molécules et Matériaux du Mans (IMMM), UMR CNRS 6283, Le Mans Université, Avenue Olivier Messiaen, 72085 Le Mans Cedex 9, France
| | - Lucie Beaulieu
- Institut sur la Nutrition et les Aliments Fonctionnels (INAF), Département des Sciences des Aliments, Université Laval, 2425 Rue de l'Agriculture, Québec City, Québec G1V 0A6, Canada
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10
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Coulombier N, Jauffrais T, Lebouvier N. Antioxidant Compounds from Microalgae: A Review. Mar Drugs 2021; 19:549. [PMID: 34677448 PMCID: PMC8537667 DOI: 10.3390/md19100549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The demand for natural products isolated from microalgae has increased over the last decade and has drawn the attention from the food, cosmetic and nutraceutical industries. Among these natural products, the demand for natural antioxidants as an alternative to synthetic antioxidants has increased. In addition, microalgae combine several advantages for the development of biotechnological applications: high biodiversity, photosynthetic yield, growth, productivity and a metabolic plasticity that can be orientated using culture conditions. Regarding the wide diversity of antioxidant compounds and mode of action combined with the diversity of reactive oxygen species (ROS), this review covers a brief presentation of antioxidant molecules with their role and mode of action, to summarize and evaluate common and recent assays used to assess antioxidant activity of microalgae. The aim is to improve our ability to choose the right assay to assess microalgae antioxidant activity regarding the antioxidant molecules studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noémie Coulombier
- ADECAL Technopole, 1 Bis Rue Berthelot, 98846 Nouméa, New Caledonia, France
| | - Thierry Jauffrais
- Ifremer, UMR 9220 ENTROPIE, RBE/LEAD, 101 Promenade Roger Laroque, 98897 Nouméa, New Caledonia, France;
| | - Nicolas Lebouvier
- ISEA, EA7484, Campus de Nouville, Université de Nouvelle Calédonie, 98851 Nouméa, New Caledonia, France;
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11
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Lovio-Fragoso JP, de Jesús-Campos D, López-Elías JA, Medina-Juárez LÁ, Fimbres-Olivarría D, Hayano-Kanashiro C. Biochemical and Molecular Aspects of Phosphorus Limitation in Diatoms and Their Relationship with Biomolecule Accumulation. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:biology10070565. [PMID: 34206287 PMCID: PMC8301168 DOI: 10.3390/biology10070565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Phosphorus (P) is a key nutrient involved in the transfer of energy and the synthesis of several cellular components. It has been reported that P limitation in diatoms induces the synthesis of biomolecules and the accumulation of storage compounds, such as pigments, carbohydrates and lipids, with diverse biological activities, which can be used in diverse biotechnological applications. However, the molecular and biochemical mechanisms related to how diatoms cope with P deficiency are not clear, and research into this has been limited to a few species. The integration of results obtained from omics sciences could provide a broad understanding of the response of diatoms to P limitation, and the information obtained could help to solve challenges such as biomass production, by-products yield and genetic improvement of strains. Abstract Diatoms are the most abundant group of phytoplankton, and their success lies in their significant adaptation ability to stress conditions, such as nutrient limitation. Phosphorus (P) is a key nutrient involved in the transfer of energy and the synthesis of several cellular components. Molecular and biochemical mechanisms related to how diatoms cope with P deficiency are not clear, and research into this has been limited to a few species. Among the molecular responses that have been reported in diatoms cultured under P deficient conditions is the upregulation of genes encoding enzymes related to the transport, assimilation, remobilization and recycling of this nutrient. Regarding biochemical responses, due to the reduction of the requirements for carbon structures for the synthesis of proteins and phospholipids, more CO2 is fixed than is consumed by the Calvin cycle. To deal with this excess, diatoms redirect the carbon flow toward the synthesis of storage compounds such as triacylglycerides and carbohydrates, which are excreted as extracellular polymeric substances. This review aimed to gather all current knowledge regarding the biochemical and molecular mechanisms of diatoms related to managing P deficiency in order to provide a wider insight into and understanding of their responses, as well as the metabolic pathways affected by the limitation of this nutrient.
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12
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Francezon N, Herbaut M, Bardeau JF, Cougnon C, Bélanger W, Tremblay R, Jacquette B, Dittmer J, Pouvreau JB, Mouget JL, Pasetto P. Electrochromic Properties and Electrochemical Behavior of Marennine, a Bioactive Blue-Green Pigment Produced by the Marine Diatom Haslea ostrearia. Mar Drugs 2021; 19:md19040231. [PMID: 33921595 PMCID: PMC8073169 DOI: 10.3390/md19040231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Revised: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Marennine has long been known as the unique peculiar pigment responsible for the natural greening of oysters. It is specifically produced by the marine diatom Haslea ostrearia and it is a natural blue molecule indeed promising for food industry because of the rarity of such non-toxic, blue-colored pigments. In the search for its still not defined molecular structure, investigation of the color changes with the redox state has been carried out combining different approaches. Reducing and oxidizing chemicals have been added to purified marennine solutions and a stable blue-green color has been confirmed for the oxidized state, while a yellow color corresponded to the reduced unstable state. Raman spectroscopy has been used to monitor changes in the Raman spectra corresponding to the different colored states, and cyclic voltammetry has allowed the detection of a redox system in which protons and electrons are exchanged. These findings show that marennine is a suitable stable blue pigment for use in food applications and help in the elucidation of the chromophore structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nellie Francezon
- FR CNRS 3473 IUML, Mer-Molécules-Santé (MMS), Le Mans Université, Avenue Olivier Messiaen, CEDEX 9, 72085 Le Mans, France
- Institut des Molécules et Matériaux du Mans, UMR CNRS 6283, Le Mans Université, Avenue Olivier Messiaen, CEDEX 9, 72085 Le Mans, France
| | - Mickaël Herbaut
- FR CNRS 3473 IUML, Mer-Molécules-Santé (MMS), Le Mans Université, Avenue Olivier Messiaen, CEDEX 9, 72085 Le Mans, France
- Institut des Molécules et Matériaux du Mans, UMR CNRS 6283, Le Mans Université, Avenue Olivier Messiaen, CEDEX 9, 72085 Le Mans, France
| | - Jean-François Bardeau
- Institut des Molécules et Matériaux du Mans, UMR CNRS 6283, Le Mans Université, Avenue Olivier Messiaen, CEDEX 9, 72085 Le Mans, France
| | - Charles Cougnon
- Laboratoire MOLTECH-Anjou UMR CNRS 6200 Faculté des Sciences, Université d'Angers, Bâtiment K, Boulevard Lavoisier, CEDEX, 49045 Angers, France
| | - William Bélanger
- Institut des sciences de la mer de Rimouski, Université du Québec à Rimouski, 310 des Ursulines, Rimouski, QC G5L 3A1, Canada
| | - Réjean Tremblay
- Institut des sciences de la mer de Rimouski, Université du Québec à Rimouski, 310 des Ursulines, Rimouski, QC G5L 3A1, Canada
| | - Boris Jacquette
- Institut des Molécules et Matériaux du Mans, UMR CNRS 6283, Le Mans Université, Avenue Olivier Messiaen, CEDEX 9, 72085 Le Mans, France
| | - Jens Dittmer
- Institut des Molécules et Matériaux du Mans, UMR CNRS 6283, Le Mans Université, Avenue Olivier Messiaen, CEDEX 9, 72085 Le Mans, France
| | - Jean-Bernard Pouvreau
- EA 1157, Laboratoire de Biologie et Pathologie Végétales (LBPV), Université de Nantes, F-44000 Nantes, France
| | - Jean-Luc Mouget
- FR CNRS 3473 IUML, Mer-Molécules-Santé (MMS), Le Mans Université, Avenue Olivier Messiaen, CEDEX 9, 72085 Le Mans, France
| | - Pamela Pasetto
- Institut des Molécules et Matériaux du Mans, UMR CNRS 6283, Le Mans Université, Avenue Olivier Messiaen, CEDEX 9, 72085 Le Mans, France
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13
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Gastineau R, Hansen G, Poulin M, Lemieux C, Turmel M, Bardeau JF, Leignel V, Hardivillier Y, Morançais M, Fleurence J, Gaudin P, Méléder V, Cox EJ, Davidovich NA, Davidovich OI, Witkowski A, Kaczmarska I, Ehrman JM, Soler Onís E, Quintana AM, Mucko M, Mordret S, Sarno D, Jacquette B, Falaise C, Séveno J, Lindquist NL, Kemp PS, Eker-Develi E, Konucu M, Mouget JL. Haslea silbo, A Novel Cosmopolitan Species of Blue Diatoms. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:biology10040328. [PMID: 33919887 PMCID: PMC8070900 DOI: 10.3390/biology10040328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Specimens of a new species of blue diatoms from the genus Haslea Simonsen were discovered in geographically distant sampling sites, first in the Canary Archipelago, then North Carolina, Gulf of Naples, the Croatian South Adriatic Sea, and Turkish coast of the Eastern Mediterranean Sea. An exhaustive characterization of these specimens, using a combined morphological and genomic approach led to the conclusion that they belong to a single new to science cosmopolitan species, Haslea silbo sp. nov. A preliminary characterization of its blue pigment shows similarities to marennine produced by Haslea ostrearia, as evidenced by UV-visible spectrophotometry and Raman spectrometry. Life cycle stages including auxosporulation were also observed, providing data on the cardinal points of this species. For the two most geographically distant populations (North Carolina and East Mediterranean), complete mitochondrial and plastid genomes were sequenced. The mitogenomes of both strains share a rare atp6 pseudogene, but the number, nature, and positions of the group II introns inside its cox1 gene differ between the two populations. There are also two pairs of genes fused in single ORFs. The plastid genomes are characterized by large regions of recombination with plasmid DNA, which are in both cases located between the ycf35 and psbA genes, but whose content differs between the strains. The two sequenced strains hosts three plasmids coding for putative serine recombinase protein whose sequences are compared, and four out of six of these plasmids were highly conserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romain Gastineau
- Institute of Marine and Environmental Sciences, University of Szczecin, Mickiewicza 16a, 70-383 Szczecin, Poland; (N.A.D.); (A.W.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Gert Hansen
- Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 4, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark;
| | - Michel Poulin
- Research and Collections, Canadian Museum of Nature, P.O. Box 3443, Station D, Ottawa, ON K1P 6P4, Canada;
| | - Claude Lemieux
- Département de biochimie, de microbiologie et de Bio-Informatique, Institut de Biologie Intégrative et des Systèmes, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada; (C.L.); (M.T.)
| | - Monique Turmel
- Département de biochimie, de microbiologie et de Bio-Informatique, Institut de Biologie Intégrative et des Systèmes, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada; (C.L.); (M.T.)
| | - Jean-François Bardeau
- Institut des Molécules et Matériaux du Mans (IMMM UMR 6283), Le Mans Université, Avenue Olivier Messiaen, CEDEX 9, 72085 Le Mans, France; (J.-F.B.); (B.J.)
| | - Vincent Leignel
- FR CNRS 3473 IUML, Mer-Molécules-Santé (MMS, EA 2160), Le Mans Université, Avenue Olivier Messiaen, CEDEX 9, 72085 Le Mans, France; (V.L.); (Y.H.); (C.F.); (J.S.); (J.-L.M.)
| | - Yann Hardivillier
- FR CNRS 3473 IUML, Mer-Molécules-Santé (MMS, EA 2160), Le Mans Université, Avenue Olivier Messiaen, CEDEX 9, 72085 Le Mans, France; (V.L.); (Y.H.); (C.F.); (J.S.); (J.-L.M.)
| | - Michèle Morançais
- FR CNRS 3473 IUML, Mer-Molécules-Santé (MMS, EA 2160), Université de Nantes, 2 rue de la Houssinière, CEDEX 3, 44322 Nantes, France; (M.M.); (J.F.); (V.M.)
| | - Joël Fleurence
- FR CNRS 3473 IUML, Mer-Molécules-Santé (MMS, EA 2160), Université de Nantes, 2 rue de la Houssinière, CEDEX 3, 44322 Nantes, France; (M.M.); (J.F.); (V.M.)
| | - Pierre Gaudin
- UMR 6112 CNRS LPG, Laboratoire de Planétologie et Géosciences, Nantes Université, 2 rue de la Houssinière, CEDEX 3, 44322 Nantes, France;
| | - Vona Méléder
- FR CNRS 3473 IUML, Mer-Molécules-Santé (MMS, EA 2160), Université de Nantes, 2 rue de la Houssinière, CEDEX 3, 44322 Nantes, France; (M.M.); (J.F.); (V.M.)
| | - Eileen J. Cox
- The Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW7 5BD, UK;
| | - Nikolaï A. Davidovich
- Institute of Marine and Environmental Sciences, University of Szczecin, Mickiewicza 16a, 70-383 Szczecin, Poland; (N.A.D.); (A.W.)
- Karadag Scientific Station–Natural Reserve of the Russian Academy of Sciences, p/o Kurortnoe, Feodosiya, 98188 Crimea, Russia;
| | - Olga I. Davidovich
- Karadag Scientific Station–Natural Reserve of the Russian Academy of Sciences, p/o Kurortnoe, Feodosiya, 98188 Crimea, Russia;
| | - Andrzej Witkowski
- Institute of Marine and Environmental Sciences, University of Szczecin, Mickiewicza 16a, 70-383 Szczecin, Poland; (N.A.D.); (A.W.)
| | - Irena Kaczmarska
- Department of Biology, Mount Allison University, Sackville, NB E4L 1G7, Canada;
| | - James M. Ehrman
- Digital Microscopy Facility, Mount Allison University, Sackville, NB E4L 1G7, Canada;
| | - Emilio Soler Onís
- Observatorio Canario de Algas Nocivas (OCHABs), Parque Científico Tecnólogico Marino de Taliarte (FPCT-ULPGC), c/ Miramar, 121 Taliarte, 35214 Las Palmas, Canary Islands, Spain;
| | - Antera Martel Quintana
- Banco Español de Algas (BEA), Instituto de Oceanografía y Cambio Global (IOCAG), Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria (ULPGC), Muelle de Taliarte s/n, 35214 Telde, Islas Canarias, Spain;
| | - Maja Mucko
- Faculty of Science, Biology Department, University of Zagreb, Rooseveltov trg 6, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
| | - Solenn Mordret
- Department of Research Infrastructure for Marine Biological Resources, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, 80121 Naples, Italy; (S.M.); (D.S.)
| | - Diana Sarno
- Department of Research Infrastructure for Marine Biological Resources, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, 80121 Naples, Italy; (S.M.); (D.S.)
| | - Boris Jacquette
- Institut des Molécules et Matériaux du Mans (IMMM UMR 6283), Le Mans Université, Avenue Olivier Messiaen, CEDEX 9, 72085 Le Mans, France; (J.-F.B.); (B.J.)
| | - Charlotte Falaise
- FR CNRS 3473 IUML, Mer-Molécules-Santé (MMS, EA 2160), Le Mans Université, Avenue Olivier Messiaen, CEDEX 9, 72085 Le Mans, France; (V.L.); (Y.H.); (C.F.); (J.S.); (J.-L.M.)
| | - Julie Séveno
- FR CNRS 3473 IUML, Mer-Molécules-Santé (MMS, EA 2160), Le Mans Université, Avenue Olivier Messiaen, CEDEX 9, 72085 Le Mans, France; (V.L.); (Y.H.); (C.F.); (J.S.); (J.-L.M.)
| | - Niels L. Lindquist
- Institute of Marine Sciences, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, Morehead City, NC 28557, USA;
| | - Philip S. Kemp
- Kemp Fisheries LLC, 2333 Shore Drive, Morehead City, NC 28557, USA;
| | - Elif Eker-Develi
- Institute of Graduate Studies in Science, Department of Biotechnology, Mersin University, Ciftlikkoy, Mersin 33343, Turkey; (E.E.-D.); (M.K.)
| | - Merve Konucu
- Institute of Graduate Studies in Science, Department of Biotechnology, Mersin University, Ciftlikkoy, Mersin 33343, Turkey; (E.E.-D.); (M.K.)
- BW24-Department of Green Chemistry and Technology, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, B9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - Jean-Luc Mouget
- FR CNRS 3473 IUML, Mer-Molécules-Santé (MMS, EA 2160), Le Mans Université, Avenue Olivier Messiaen, CEDEX 9, 72085 Le Mans, France; (V.L.); (Y.H.); (C.F.); (J.S.); (J.-L.M.)
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Sansone C, Brunet C. Promises and Challenges of Microalgal Antioxidant Production. Antioxidants (Basel) 2019; 8:E199. [PMID: 31252612 PMCID: PMC6680390 DOI: 10.3390/antiox8070199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Revised: 06/20/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The exploration of natural antioxidants for nutraceuticals and pharmaceuticals industries has recently increased. This communication aims to grasp the relevance of microalgae in the panorama of natural antioxidant molecules supply to industrial applications as alternatives and/or complements to those typically used from higher plants. Microalgal richness in antioxidant compounds and scavenging ability compared to higher plants is discussed in the context of microalgal biodiversity. We mainly focus on families of powerful antioxidant compounds that have been scarcely investigated in microalgae, such as phenolic compounds, sterols, or vitamins, discussing the promise and challenges of microalgae as providers of health benefits, for instance, through their use as functional food ingredients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clementina Sansone
- Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Istituto Nazionale di Biologia, Ecologia e Biotecnologie marine, Villa Comunale, 80121 Napoli, Italy.
| | - Christophe Brunet
- Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Istituto Nazionale di Biologia, Ecologia e Biotecnologie marine, Villa Comunale, 80121 Napoli, Italy
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15
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Barkia I, Saari N, Manning SR. Microalgae for High-Value Products Towards Human Health and Nutrition. Mar Drugs 2019; 17:E304. [PMID: 31137657 PMCID: PMC6562505 DOI: 10.3390/md17050304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 205] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Microalgae represent a potential source of renewable nutrition and there is growing interest in algae-based dietary supplements in the form of whole biomass, e.g., Chlorella and Arthrospira, or purified extracts containing omega-3 fatty acids and carotenoids. The commercial production of bioactive compounds from microalgae is currently challenged by the biorefinery process. This review focuses on the biochemical composition of microalgae, the complexities of mass cultivation, as well as potential therapeutic applications. The advantages of open and closed growth systems are discussed, including common problems encountered with large-scale growth systems. Several methods are used for the purification and isolation of bioactive compounds, and many products from microalgae have shown potential as antioxidants and treatments for hypertension, among other health conditions. However, there are many unknown algal metabolites and potential impurities that could cause harm, so more research is needed to characterize strains of interest, improve overall operation, and generate safe, functional products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ines Barkia
- Department of Food Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor 43400, Malaysia.
| | - Nazamid Saari
- Department of Food Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor 43400, Malaysia.
| | - Schonna R Manning
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, UTEX Culture Collection of Algae, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA.
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16
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Falaise C, Cormier P, Tremblay R, Audet C, Deschênes JS, Turcotte F, François C, Seger A, Hallegraeff G, Lindquist N, Sirjacobs D, Gobert S, Lejeune P, Demoulin V, Mouget JL. Harmful or harmless: Biological effects of marennine on marine organisms. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2019; 209:13-25. [PMID: 30684731 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2019.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2018] [Revised: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Marennine is a water-soluble blue-green pigment produced by the marine diatom Haslea ostrearia. The diatom and its pigment are well known from oyster farming areas as the source of the greening of oyster gills, a natural process increasing their market value in Western France. Blooms of blue Haslea are also present outside oyster ponds and hence marine organisms can be exposed, periodically and locally, to significant amounts of marennine in natural environments. Due to its demonstrated antibacterial activities against marine pathogenic bacteria (e.g. Vibrio) and possible prophylactic effects toward bivalve larvae, marennine is of special interest for the aquaculture industry, especially bivalve hatcheries. The present study aimed to provide new insights into the effects of marennine on a large spectrum of marine organisms belonging to different phyla, including species of aquaculture interest and organisms frequently employed in standardised ecotoxicological assays. Different active solutions containing marennine were tested: partially purified Extracellular Marennine (EMn), and concentrated solutions of marennine present in H. ostrearia culture supernatant; the Blue Water (BW) and a new process called Concentrated Supernatant (CS). Biological effects were meanwhile demonstrated in invertebrate species for the three marennine-based solutions at the highest concentrations tested (e.g., decrease of fertilization success, delay of embryonic developmental stages or larval mortality). Exposure to low concentrations did not impact larval survival or development and even tended to enhance larval physiological state. Furthermore, no effects of marennine were observed on the fish gill cell line tested. Marennine could be viewed as a Jekyll and Hyde molecule, which possibly affects the earliest stages of development of some organisms but with no direct impacts on adults. Our results emphasize the need to determine dosages that optimize beneficial effects and critical concentrations not to be exceeded before considering the use of marennine in bivalve or fish hatcheries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Falaise
- Laboratoire Mer Molécule Santé (EA 2160, FR CNRS 3473 IUML), Le Mans Université, Le Mans, France
| | - Patrick Cormier
- Sorbonne Universités (UPMC Paris 06, CNRS, UMR 8227) Biologie Intégrative des Modèles Marins, Station Biologique de Roscoff, Roscoff, France
| | - Réjean Tremblay
- Institut des sciences de la mer, Université du Québec à Rimouski, Rimouski, Canada
| | - Céline Audet
- Institut des sciences de la mer, Université du Québec à Rimouski, Rimouski, Canada
| | | | - François Turcotte
- Institut des sciences de la mer, Université du Québec à Rimouski, Rimouski, Canada
| | - Cyrille François
- Ifremer, RBE-SG2M-LGPMM, Laboratoire de Génétique et de Pathologie des Mollusques Marins, Station La Tremblade, Avenue Mus Loup, F-17390, La Tremblade, France
| | - Andreas Seger
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies (IMAS), University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia; South Australian Research and Development Institute (SARDI), Urrbrae, South Australia, Australia
| | - Gustaaf Hallegraeff
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies (IMAS), University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
| | - Niels Lindquist
- Institute of Marine Sciences, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, United States
| | - Damien Sirjacobs
- INBIOS - PHYTOSYSTEMS, Eukaryotic Phylogenomics, Liège University, Liège, Belgium
| | - Sylvie Gobert
- Station de Recherche Sous-marines et Océanographiques (STARESO), 20260, Calvi, France; Université de Liège, MARE, Focus, Océanologie Biologique, Liège, Belgium
| | - Pierre Lejeune
- Station de Recherche Sous-marines et Océanographiques (STARESO), 20260, Calvi, France
| | - Vincent Demoulin
- INBIOS - PHYTOSYSTEMS, Eukaryotic Phylogenomics, Liège University, Liège, Belgium
| | - Jean-Luc Mouget
- Laboratoire Mer Molécule Santé (EA 2160, FR CNRS 3473 IUML), Le Mans Université, Le Mans, France.
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Yang YF, Li DW, Chen TT, Hao TB, Balamurugan S, Yang WD, Liu JS, Li HY. Overproduction of Bioactive Algal Chrysolaminarin by the Critical Carbon Flux Regulator Phosphoglucomutase. Biotechnol J 2018; 14:e1800220. [PMID: 30076758 DOI: 10.1002/biot.201800220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2018] [Revised: 06/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Chrysolaminarin, the primary polysaccharide reservoir in some marine algae, has attracted much attention due to its broad health properties. However, its biosynthetic pathway and regulation mechanisms have rarely been reported which hinders the improvement of production efficiency. Therefore, this study aims to identify key metabolic nodes in the chrysolaminarin biosynthetic pathway. A phosphoglucomutase (PGM) in the model microalga Phaeodactylum tricornutum, revealing its critical role in chrysolaminarin biosynthesis is identified. PGM overexpression significantly elevates chrysolaminarin content by 2.54-fold and reaches 25.6% of cell dry weight; while algal growth and photosynthesis are not impaired. Besides, PGM overexpression up- and down-regulates the expression of chrysolaminarin and lipid biosynthetic genes, respectively. Microscopic analysis of aniline blue stained cells reveals that overproduced chrysolaminarin localized predominantly in vacuoles. Lipidomic analyses reveal that PGM overexpression significantly reduces the lipid content. The findings reveal the critical role of PGM in regulating the carbon flux between carbohydrate and lipid biosynthesis in microalgae, and provide a promising candidate for high efficiency production of chrysolaminarin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Feng Yang
- Key Laboratory of Eutrophication and Red Tide Prevention of Guangdong Higher Education Institute, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Da-Wei Li
- Key Laboratory of Eutrophication and Red Tide Prevention of Guangdong Higher Education Institute, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Utilization of Microbial and Botanical Resources, School of Marine Sciences and Biotechnology, Guangxi University for Nationalities, Nanning, China
| | - Ting-Ting Chen
- Key Laboratory of Eutrophication and Red Tide Prevention of Guangdong Higher Education Institute, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ting-Bin Hao
- Key Laboratory of Eutrophication and Red Tide Prevention of Guangdong Higher Education Institute, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Srinivasan Balamurugan
- Key Laboratory of Eutrophication and Red Tide Prevention of Guangdong Higher Education Institute, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei-Dong Yang
- Key Laboratory of Eutrophication and Red Tide Prevention of Guangdong Higher Education Institute, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jie-Sheng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Eutrophication and Red Tide Prevention of Guangdong Higher Education Institute, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hong-Ye Li
- Key Laboratory of Eutrophication and Red Tide Prevention of Guangdong Higher Education Institute, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
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18
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Ingebrigtsen RA, Hansen E, Andersen JH, Eilertsen HC. Field sampling marine plankton for biodiscovery. Sci Rep 2017; 7:15863. [PMID: 29158560 PMCID: PMC5696511 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-15980-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2017] [Accepted: 11/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Microalgae and plankton can be a rich source of bioactivity. However, induction of secondary metabolite production in lab conditions can be difficult. One simple way of bypassing this issue is to collect biomass in the field and screen for bioactivity. Therefore, bulk net samples from three areas along the coast of northern Norway and Spitsbergen were collected, extracted and fractionated. Biomass samples from a strain of a mass-cultivated diatom Porosira glacialis were used as a reference for comparison to field samples. Screening for bioactivity was performed with 13 assays within four therapeutic areas: antibacterial, anticancer, antidiabetes and antioxidation. We analysed the metabolic profiles of the samples using high resolution - mass spectroscopy (HR-MS). Principal component analysis showed a marked difference in metabolite profiles between the field samples and the photobioreactor culture; furthermore, the number of active fractions and extent of bioactivity was different in the field compared to the photobioreactor samples. We found varying levels of bioactivity in all samples, indicating that complex marine field samples could be used to investigate bioactivities from otherwise inaccessible sources. Furthermore, we hypothesize that metabolic pathways that would otherwise been silent under controlled growth in monocultures, might have been activated in the field samples.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Espen Hansen
- Marbio, UiT - The Arctic University of Norway, 9019, Tromsø, Norway
| | | | - Hans Christian Eilertsen
- Norwegian College of Fishery Science, UiT - The Arctic University of Norway, 9019, Tromsø, Norway
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19
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Partial fishmeal and oil substitution with a microorganism mix as an innovative diet for rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and pike-perch (Sander lucioperca). Eur Food Res Technol 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s00217-017-2939-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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20
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Lépinay A, Capiaux H, Turpin V, Mondeguer F, Lebeau T. Bacterial community structure of the marine diatom Haslea ostrearia. ALGAL RES 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2016.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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21
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Newsome AG, Culver CA, van Breemen RB. Nature's palette: the search for natural blue colorants. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2014; 62:6498-511. [PMID: 24930897 DOI: 10.1021/jf501419q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
The food and beverage industry is seeking to broaden the palette of naturally derived colorants. Although considerable effort has been devoted to the search for new blue colorants in fruits and vegetables, less attention has been directed toward blue compounds from other sources such as bacteria and fungi. The current work reviews known organic blue compounds from natural plant, animal, fungal, and microbial sources. The scarcity of blue-colored metabolites in the natural world relative to metabolites of other colors is discussed, and structural trends common among natural blue compounds are identified. These compounds are grouped into seven structural classes and evaluated for their potential as new color additives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew G Newsome
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, University of Illinois College of Pharmacy , 833 South Wood Street, M/C 781, Chicago, Illinois 60612, United States
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22
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Marennine, promising blue pigments from a widespread Haslea diatom species complex. Mar Drugs 2014; 12:3161-89. [PMID: 24879542 PMCID: PMC4071570 DOI: 10.3390/md12063161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2014] [Revised: 04/29/2014] [Accepted: 04/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In diatoms, the main photosynthetic pigments are chlorophylls a and c, fucoxanthin, diadinoxanthin and diatoxanthin. The marine pennate diatom Haslea ostrearia has long been known for producing, in addition to these generic pigments, a water-soluble blue pigment, marennine. This pigment, responsible for the greening of oysters in western France, presents different biological activities: allelopathic, antioxidant, antibacterial, antiviral, and growth-inhibiting. A method to extract and purify marennine has been developed, but its chemical structure could hitherto not be resolved. For decades, H. ostrearia was the only organism known to produce marennine, and can be found worldwide. Our knowledge about H. ostrearia-like diatom biodiversity has recently been extended with the discovery of several new species of blue diatoms, the recently described H. karadagensis, H. silbo sp. inedit. and H. provincialis sp. inedit. These blue diatoms produce different marennine-like pigments, which belong to the same chemical family and present similar biological activities. Aside from being a potential source of natural blue pigments, H. ostrearia-like diatoms thus present a commercial potential for aquaculture, cosmetics, food and health industries.
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23
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Kumar P, Senthamilselvi S, Govindaraju M. Phloroglucinol-encapsulated starch biopolymer: preparation, antioxidant and cytotoxic effects on HepG2 liver cancer cell lines. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra02621g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
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24
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Highly valuable microalgae: biochemical and topological aspects. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 40:781-96. [DOI: 10.1007/s10295-013-1281-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2013] [Accepted: 04/25/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The past decade has seen a surge in the interest in microalgae culture for biodiesel production and other applications as renewable biofuels as an alternative to petroleum transport fuels. The development of new technologies for the culture of these photosynthetic microorganisms and improved knowledge of their biochemical composition has spurred innovation in the field of high-value biomolecules. These developments are only economically viable if all the microalgae fractions are valorized in a biorefinery strategy. Achieving this objective requires an understanding of microalgae content and the cellular localization of the main biomolecular families in order to develop efficient harvest and sequential recovery technologies. This review summarizes the state of the art in microalgae compositions and topologies using some examples of the main industrially farmed microalgae.
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25
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Gastineau R, Pouvreau JB, Hellio C, Morançais M, Fleurence J, Gaudin P, Bourgougnon N, Mouget JL. Biological activities of purified marennine, the blue pigment responsible for the greening of oysters. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2012; 60:3599-3605. [PMID: 22423636 DOI: 10.1021/jf205004x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Marennine, the blue pigment produced by the diatom Haslea ostrearia , exists in two different forms, the intra- and extracellular forms. We investigated the antibacterial, antiviral, and antiproliferative properties of both of these forms. Both forms of marennine inhibited the development of marine bacteria, in particular the pathogenic organism Vibrio aesturianus , at concentrations as low as 1 μg/mL, but they did not display any effect on a wide range of pathogenic bacteria that are relevant for food safety. Both forms of the pigment produced by H. ostrearia also exhibited antiviral activity against the HSV1 herpes virus, with intra- and extracellular marennine having EC(50) values of 24.0 and 27.0 μg/mL, respectively. These values are 2 orders of magnitude higher than the value for the reference drug, Zovirax. Moreover, both forms of marennine were effective in slowing or inhibiting the proliferation of cancer cells. This study confirms the potential of marennine as a biologically active organic molecule, which could have a protective effect on bivalves, which filter seawater and fix the pigment on their gills. Moreover, marennine could be used in food engineering and chemistry as a natural blue pigment. However, despite that it is eaten and possibly assimilated by green oyster consumers, it also deserves in depth evaluation before being considered for use as a nutraceutical.
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26
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronald E. Wrolstad
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331;
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27
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Comparison of cryopreservation methods for the long term storage of the marine diatom Haslea ostrearia (simonsen). Cryobiology 2012; 65:45-50. [PMID: 22516033 DOI: 10.1016/j.cryobiol.2012.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2011] [Revised: 03/21/2012] [Accepted: 03/31/2012] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Long term maintenance of microalgal strains by serial subculturing is often expensive and time-consuming. Alternative methods, such as cryopreservation, present several benefits and thus seem more relevant. Our study aimed at comparing two cryopreservation procedures applied to the marine diatom Haslea ostrearia (Simonsen): (1) a two-step freezing method in liquid media using 5%, 10% and 20% MeOH, Me₂SO or Glycerol, and (2) an immobilization-dehydration method consisting in an algal cell entrapped in 0.7 M sucrose dehydrated and air-flow desiccated calcium alginate beads before "direct" or "two-step" freezing. Our results showed that the cryopreservation of H. ostrearia was feasible. With the two-step freezing protocol only Me₂SO maintained cell viability without contamination but the low percentage of viability (<10%) prevents its use. Conversely, the immobilization-dehydration methods tested in this study were effective. Average viability of 57% and 77% were obtained with the "direct" and the "two step" cooling assays respectively, ensuring preservation of the genetic traits of H. ostrearia.
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28
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Sun Z, Chen J, Ma J, Jiang Y, Wang M, Ren G, Chen F. Cynarin-rich sunflower (Helianthus annuus) sprouts possess both antiglycative and antioxidant activities. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2012; 60:3260-3265. [PMID: 22394088 DOI: 10.1021/jf300737y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The present study examined the antiglycative and antioxidant properties of four edible sprouts popular in Chinese markets. In a protein-reducing sugar model, the sunflower sprout Helianthus annuus exhibited the strongest inhibitory effects against the formation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs). At a concentration of 1.0 mg/mL, its inhibitory rate achieved 83.29%, which is stronger than that of aminoguanidine (1 mM), a well-known synthetic antiglycative agent (with an inhibitory rate of 80.88%). The antioxidant capacity of H. annuus was also much stronger than other sprout samples in terms of free radical scavenging and reducing properties. An active ingredient contributing to the observed activities was identified as cynarin (1,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid). This is the first report of the novel function of cynarin to intervene against glycoxidation. Given the key roles of AGEs and oxidation in the pathogenesis of diabetes, the sunflower sprout H. annuus rich in cynarin may be regarded as a beneficial food choice for diabetic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Sun
- Institute for Food and Bioresource Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
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29
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Martinez-Correa HA, Cabral FA, Magalhães PM, Queiroga CL, Godoy AT, Sánchez-Camargo AP, Paviani LC. Extracts from the leaves of Baccharis dracunculifolia obtained by a combination of extraction processes with supercritical CO2, ethanol and water. J Supercrit Fluids 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2011.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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30
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Stengel DB, Connan S, Popper ZA. Algal chemodiversity and bioactivity: sources of natural variability and implications for commercial application. Biotechnol Adv 2011; 29:483-501. [PMID: 21672617 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2011.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 242] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2011] [Revised: 05/29/2011] [Accepted: 05/30/2011] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
There has been significant recent interest in the commercial utilisation of algae based on their valuable chemical constituents many of which exhibit multiple bioactivities with applications in the food, cosmetic, agri- and horticultural sectors and in human health. Compounds of particular commercial interest include pigments, lipids and fatty acids, proteins, polysaccharides and phenolics which all display considerable diversity between and within taxa. The chemical composition of natural algal populations is further influenced by spatial and temporal changes in environmental parameters including light, temperature, nutrients and salinity, as well as biotic interactions. As reported bioactivities are closely linked to specific compounds it is important to understand, and be able to quantify, existing chemical diversity and variability. This review outlines the taxonomic, ecological and chemical diversity between, and within, different algal groups and the implications for commercial utilisation of algae from natural populations. The biochemical diversity and complexity of commercially important types of compounds and their environmental and developmental control are addressed. Such knowledge is likely to help achieve higher and more consistent levels of bioactivity in natural samples and may allow selective harvesting according to algal species and local environmental conditions for different groups of compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dagmar B Stengel
- Botany and Plant Science, School of Natural Sciences, Ryan Institute for Environmental, Marine and Energy Research, National University of Ireland Galway, Ireland.
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31
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Martinez-Correa HA, Magalhães PM, Queiroga CL, Peixoto CA, Oliveira AL, Cabral FA. Extracts from pitanga (Eugenia uniflora L.) leaves: Influence of extraction process on antioxidant properties and yield of phenolic compounds. J Supercrit Fluids 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2010.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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