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Ding J, Ji R, Wang Z, Jia Y, Meng T, Song X, Gao J, He Q. Cardiovascular protection of YiyiFuzi powder and the potential mechanisms through modulating mitochondria-endoplasmic reticulum interactions. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1405545. [PMID: 38978978 PMCID: PMC11228702 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1405545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) remain the leading cause of death worldwide and represent a major public health challenge. YiyiFuzi Powder (YYFZ), composed of Coicis semen and Fuzi, is a classical traditional Chinese medicine prescription from the Synopsis of Golden Chamber dating back to the Han Dynasty. Historically, YYFZ has been used to treat various CVD, rooted in Chinese therapeutic principles. Network pharmacology analysis indicated that YYFZ may exhibit direct or indirect effects on mitochondria-endoplasmic reticulum (ER) interactions. This review, focusing on the cardiovascular protective effects of Coicis semen and Fuzi, summarizes the potential mechanisms by which YYFZ acts on mitochondria and the ER. The underlying mechanisms are associated with regulating cardiovascular risk factors (such as blood lipids and glucose), impacting mitochondrial structure and function, modulating ER stress, inhibiting oxidative stress, suppressing inflammatory responses, regulating cellular apoptosis, and maintaining calcium ion balance. The involved pathways include, but were not limited to, upregulating the IGF-1/PI3K/AKT, cAMP/PKA, eNOS/NO/cGMP/SIRT1, SIRT1/PGC-1α, Klotho/SIRT1, OXPHOS/ATP, PPARα/PGC-1α/SIRT3, AMPK/JNK, PTEN/PI3K/AKT, β2-AR/PI3K/AKT, and modified Q cycle signaling pathways. Meanwhile, the MCU, NF-κB, and JAK/STAT signaling pathways were downregulated. The PERK/eIF2α/ATF4/CHOP, PERK/SREBP-1c/FAS, IRE1, PINK1-dependent mitophagy, and AMPK/mTOR signaling pathways were bidirectionally regulated. High-quality experimental studies are needed to further elucidate the underlying mechanisms of YYFZ in CVD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyi Ding
- Department of Cardiology, Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ran Ji
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ziyi Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yuzhi Jia
- Department of Cardiology, Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Tiantian Meng
- Department of Rehabilitation, Dongfang Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xinbin Song
- Graduate School, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jing Gao
- Department of Cardiology, Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qingyong He
- Department of Cardiology, Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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Rahim MS, Sharma V, Pragati Yadav, Parveen A, Kumar A, Roy J, Kumar V. Rethinking underutilized cereal crops: pan-omics integration and green system biology. PLANTA 2023; 258:91. [PMID: 37777666 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-023-04242-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/02/2023]
Abstract
MAIN CONCLUSION Due to harsh lifestyle changes, in the present era, nutritional security is needed along with food security so it is necessary to include underutilized cereal crops (UCCs) in our daily diet to counteract the rising danger of human metabolic illness. We can attain both the goal of zero hunger and nutritional security by developing improved UCCs using advanced pan-omics (genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics, nutrigenomics, phenomics and ionomics) practices. Plant sciences research progressed profoundly since the last few decades with the introduction of advanced technologies and approaches, addressing issues of food demand of the growing population, nutritional security challenges and climate change. However, throughout the expansion and popularization of commonly consumed major cereal crops such as wheat and rice, other cereal crops such as millet, rye, sorghum, and others were impeded, despite their potential medicinal and nutraceutical qualities. Undoubtedly neglected underutilized cereal crops (UCCs) also have the capability to withstand diverse climate change. To relieve the burden of major crops, it is necessary to introduce the new crops in our diet in the way of UCCs. Introgression of agronomically and nutritionally important traits by pan-omics approaches in UCCs could be a defining moment for the population's well-being on the globe. This review discusses the importance of underutilized cereal crops, as well as the application of contemporary omics techniques and advanced bioinformatics tools that could open up new avenues for future study and be valuable assets in the development and usage of UCCs in the perspective of green system biology. The increased and improved use of UCCs is dependent on number of factors that necessitate a concerted research effort in agricultural sciences. The emergence of functional genomics with molecular genetics might gear toward the reawakening of interest in underutilized cereals crops. The need of this era is to focus on potential UCCs in advanced agriculture and breeding programmes. Hence, targeting the UCCs, might provide a bright future for better health and scientific rationale for its use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Saba Rahim
- Department of Botany, School of Basic Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Punjab, 151401, India
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), Sector-81, SAS Nagar, Mohali, Punjab, 140 306, India
| | - Vinita Sharma
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), Sector-81, SAS Nagar, Mohali, Punjab, 140 306, India
| | - Pragati Yadav
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), Sector-81, SAS Nagar, Mohali, Punjab, 140 306, India
| | - Afsana Parveen
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), Sector-81, SAS Nagar, Mohali, Punjab, 140 306, India
| | - Adarsh Kumar
- Department of Botany, School of Basic Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Punjab, 151401, India
| | - Joy Roy
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), Sector-81, SAS Nagar, Mohali, Punjab, 140 306, India.
| | - Vinay Kumar
- Department of Botany, School of Basic Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Punjab, 151401, India.
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Anti-inflammatory alkaloids from lotus (Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn.) leaves. Eur Food Res Technol 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s00217-022-04169-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
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Molecular Action Mechanism of Coixol from Soft-Shelled Adlay on Tyrosinase: The Future of Cosmetics. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27144626. [PMID: 35889498 PMCID: PMC9325028 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27144626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2022] [Revised: 07/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Coix lacryma-jobi var. ma-yuen L. Gramineae is widely cultivated in Taiwan. Literature regarding the molecular action mechanism of coixol on tyrosinase and the application of coicis seed extracts to the processing of facial masks is still lacking. Solvent extractability analysis revealed that most of the polyphenolics in coicis seeds were water soluble (3.17 ± 0.12 to 3.63 ± 0.07 μg/mLGAE). In contrast, the methanolic extract contained the most flavonoids (0.06 ± 0.00~0.26 ± 0.03 μg/mL QE) and coixol (11.43 ± 0.13~12.83 ± 0.14 μg/mL), showing potent antioxidant capability. Additionally, the contents of coixenolide (176.77 ± 5.91 to 238.60 ± 0.21 μg/g), phytosterol (52.45 ± 2.05 to 58.23 ± 1.14 mg/g), and polysaccharides (3.42 ± 0.10 to 4.41 ± 0.10 mg/g) were rather high. The aqueous extract (10 μg/mL) and the ethanolic extract (1 mg/mL) showed no cytotoxicity to B16F10 melanocytes. More attractively, the ethanolic extract at 1 mg/mL caused 48.4% inhibition of tyrosinase activity in B16F10 melanocytes, and 50.7% on human tyrosinase (hTyr) fragment 369–377. Conclusively, the coicis seed extracts containing abundant nutraceuticals with promising anti-hTyr activity and moisturizing capability can serve as good ingredients for facial mask processing.
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Chung CP, Lee MY, Hsia SM, Chiang W, Kuo YH, Hsu HY, Lin YL. Suppression on allergic airway inflammation of dehulled adlay ( Coix lachryma-jobi L. var. ma-yuen Stapf) in mice and anti-degranulation phytosterols from adlay bran. Food Funct 2021; 12:12788-12799. [PMID: 34854443 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo01621k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Adlay (Coix lachryma-jobi L. var. ma-yuen Stapf) seeds have been used in Asia for thousands years to treat warts, chapped skin, rheumatism, and neuralgia. The anti-allergic activity of dehulled adlay (DA) seeds was identified, and the bran (AB) is regarded as the main functional constituent in the edible part. However, no study has focused on in vivo acute anti-allergic airway inflammation. In the present report, we investigated DA methanolic extract (DAM) reversed ovalbumin (OVA)/methacholine (Mch)-induced airway hypersensitivity, decreased interleukin (IL)-4, IL-5, and IL-13 levels from splenocytes, suppressed tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, IL-1β, and IL-13 levels and reduced eosinophil counts and eotaxin in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), which imply that the modulatory effects of DA should involve allergic degranulation. Further, seven phytosterols were isolated from AB ethanolic extract (ABE); among them, 3-O-caffeoyl-5β-sitostan-3-ol, β-sitosterol 3-O-glucopyranoside and β-sitosterol inhibited β-hexosaminidase release from A23187-stimulated RBL-2H3 cells with percentages of 54.1%, 52.0% and 48.5%, respectively, at 50 μM. In addition, β-sitosterol reduced immunoglobulin (Ig)E-stimulated degranulation on RBL-2H3 cells in a dose-dependent manner. The phytosterols were the predominant components based on gas chromatography (GC) analysis. This is the first study to demonstrate that DA suppressed OVA/Mch-induced acute airway inflammation. The phytosterols in AB showed significant anti-degranulation activities, and may be regarded as the indicative components of AB for anti-allergy effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Pei Chung
- Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences, Research Center for Food and Cosmetic Safety, Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine College of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Yi Lee
- Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences, Research Center for Food and Cosmetic Safety, Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine College of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Min Hsia
- School of Nutrition and Health Sciences, College of Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wenchang Chiang
- Graduate Institute of Food Science and Technology, Center for Food and Biomolecules, College of Bioresources and Agriculture, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yueh-Hsiung Kuo
- Department of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine Resources, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
| | - Hsin-Yi Hsu
- Department & Graduate Institute of Tourism, College of Tourism, Leisure, and Sports, Aletheia University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Yun-Lian Lin
- Department of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine Resources, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
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Huang CC, Lin TC, Liu CH, Hu HC, Yu SY, Wu SJ, Yen MH, Tsai YH, Chang FR. Lipid Metabolism and its Mechanism Triggered by Supercritical CO 2 Extract of Adlay ( Coix lacryma-jobi var. ma-yuen (Rom. Caill.) Stapf) Bran in High-Fat Diet Induced Hyperlipidemic Hamsters. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:785944. [PMID: 34867418 PMCID: PMC8635772 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.785944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Adlay (Coix lacryma-jobi var. ma-yuen (Rom. Caill.) Stapf) seeds are edible crop classified as Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM). Adlay bran (AB) is one of the wastes generated during adlay refining processes. In this work, supercritical fluid extract of AB (AB-SCF) was investigated to reveal its lipid regulating potential and decode its bifunctional ingredients. AB-SCF×0.5 (30.84 mg/kg/body weight), AB-SCF×1 (61.67 mg/kg/BW), AB-SCF×5 (308.35 mg/kg/BW) and AB-SCF×10 (616.70 mg/kg/BW) were administrated to high fat-diet (HFD) induced hyperglycemic hamsters for 8 weeks. The results indicates that AB-SCF displays a prevention of dramatic body weight gains, lower levels of serum TG, TC, LDL-C and higher in HDL-C, amelioration of cardiovascular risk, alleviation of hepatic TG, TC and lipid peroxidation, and enhancement on cholesterol metabolism with higher bile acid excretion. Investigations on energy metabolic mechanism demonstrates that the hyperlipidemia mitigating capacities of AB-SCF are up-regulated on lipoprotein lipase, AMPK, p-AMPK and down-regulated at fatty acid synthase. Major bio-functional lipid compositions are identified as linoleic acid (28.59%) and oleic acid (56.95%). Non-lipid chemical and active markers are confirmed as 3-O-(trans-4-feruloyl)-β-sitostanol (1463.42 ppm), 3-O-(cis-4-feruloyl)-β-sitostanol (162.60 ppm), and β-sitosterol (4117.72 ppm). These compositions might synergistically responsible for the mentioned activities and can be regarded as analytical targets in quality control. AB-SCF may be considered as a promising complementary supplement, and developed as a functional food or new botanical drug in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiao-Chih Huang
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Ching Lin
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chiung-Hui Liu
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Hao-Chun Hu
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Szu-Yin Yu
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Jing Wu
- Department of Nutritional Health, Chia-Nan University of Pharmacy and Science, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Hong Yen
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hong Tsai
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Pharmacy and Master Program, Collage of Pharmacy and Health Care, Tajen University, Pingtung County, Taiwan
| | - Fang-Rong Chang
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Drug Development and Value Creation Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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7
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Yeh WJ, Ko J, Cheng WY, Yang HY. Dehulled Adlay Consumption Modulates Blood Pressure in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats and Overweight and Obese Young Adults. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13072305. [PMID: 34371815 PMCID: PMC8308423 DOI: 10.3390/nu13072305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Revised: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
High blood pressure is a crucial risk factor for many cardiovascular diseases, and a diet rich in whole-grain foods may modulate blood pressure. This study investigated the effects of dehulled adlay consumption on blood pressure in vivo. We initially fed spontaneous hypertensive rats diets without (SHR group) or with 12 or 24% dehulled adlay (SHR + LA and SHR + HA groups), and discovered that it could limit blood pressure increases over a 12-week experimental period. Although we found no significant changes in plasma, heart, and kidney angiotensin-converting enzyme activities, both adlay-consuming groups had lower endothelin-1 and creatinine concentrations than the SHR group; the SHR + HA group also had lower aspartate aminotransferase and uric acid levels than the SHR group did. We later recruited 23 participants with overweight and obesity, and they consumed 60 g of dehulled adlay daily for a six-week experimental period. At the end of the study, we observed a significant decrease in the group's systolic blood pressure (SBP), and the change in SBP was even more evident in participants with high baseline SBP. In conclusion, our results suggested that daily intake of dehulled adlay had beneficial effects in blood-pressure management. Future studies may further clarify the possible underlying mechanisms for the consuming of dehulled adlay as a beneficial dietary approach for people at risk of hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan-Ju Yeh
- Graduate Program of Nutrition Science, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei 106308, Taiwan;
| | - Jung Ko
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan;
| | - Wei-Yi Cheng
- Department of Nutrition, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung City 824005, Taiwan;
| | - Hsin-Yi Yang
- Department of Nutritional Science, Fu Jen Catholic University, No.510, Zhongzheng Rd., Xinzhuang Dist., New Taipei City 242062, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-2-29053621; Fax: +886-2-29021215
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Nascimento-Gonçalves E, Mendes BA, Silva-Reis R, Faustino-Rocha AI, Gama A, Oliveira PA. Animal Models of Colorectal Cancer: From Spontaneous to Genetically Engineered Models and Their Applications. Vet Sci 2021; 8:vetsci8040059. [PMID: 33916402 PMCID: PMC8067250 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci8040059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer is one of the most common gastrointestinal malignancies in humans, affecting approximately 1.8 million people worldwide. This disease has a major social impact and high treatment costs. Animal models allow us to understand and follow the colon cancer progression; thus, in vivo studies are essential to improve and discover new ways of prevention and treatment. Dietary natural products have been under investigation for better and natural prevention, envisioning to show their potential. This manuscript intends to provide the readers a review of rodent colorectal cancer models available in the literature, highlighting their advantages and disadvantages, as well as their potential in the evaluation of several drugs and natural compounds’ effects on colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabete Nascimento-Gonçalves
- Center for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal; (E.N.-G.); (B.A.L.M.); (R.S.-R.)
| | - Bruno A.L. Mendes
- Center for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal; (E.N.-G.); (B.A.L.M.); (R.S.-R.)
| | - Rita Silva-Reis
- Center for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal; (E.N.-G.); (B.A.L.M.); (R.S.-R.)
| | - Ana I. Faustino-Rocha
- Center for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal; (E.N.-G.); (B.A.L.M.); (R.S.-R.)
- Department of Zootechnics, School of Sciences and Technology, University of Évora, 7000-812 Évora, Portugal
- Correspondence: (A.I.F.-R.); (P.A.O.)
| | - Adelina Gama
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal;
- Animal and Veterinary Research Center (CECAV), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Paula A. Oliveira
- Center for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal; (E.N.-G.); (B.A.L.M.); (R.S.-R.)
- Animal and Veterinary Research Center (CECAV), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Correspondence: (A.I.F.-R.); (P.A.O.)
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Yamashita S, Hata M, Kikuchi N, Kinoshita M, Miyazawa T. Effects of Dietary Ethanol Extracts from Sake Rice and Sake Lees on Intestinal Impairment in Mice. J Oleo Sci 2020; 69:929-939. [PMID: 32759551 DOI: 10.5650/jos.ess20069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucosylceramide (GlcCer), a major sphingolipid in plants and fungi, is known to have food functions, such as preventing intestinal impairment and enhancing the moisture content of skin. This study investigated the influence of fermentation on the composition and function of lipophilic components containing GlcCer in plant-based foods; we compared the effects of ethanol extracts from sake rice (SR) and sake lees (SL) on colon impairment in mice. GlcCer and ceramide (Cer) levels in SL were much higher than those in SR, and GlcCer in SL contained 9-methyl-trans-4,trans-8-sphingadienine as a fungi-specific sphingoid base. 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (DMH) treatment markedly increased the formation of aberrant crypt foci (ACF) and the levels of TNF-α and lipid oxidation in mice colons. However, dietary SR or SL significantly suppressed these DMH-induced changes, and SR demonstrated stronger effects than SL. In addition, dietary SR or SL suppressed the expression of apoptotic and anti-apoptotic proteins induced by DMH treatment. This study suggests that SR or SL intake could reduce colon ACF formation via the suppression of inflammation and oxidation-induced cell cycle disturbances. When compared to SR, the weaked effects of SL rich in GlcCer may be the result of the changes in sphingolipid composition (sphingoid base and Cer) and differences in the concentration of other bioactive compounds produced or digested during fermentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinji Yamashita
- Department of Life and Food Science, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine
| | - Mariko Hata
- Department of Life and Food Science, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine
| | - Nobuhiro Kikuchi
- Fukushima Technology Centre, Aizuwakamatsu Technical Support Centre
| | - Mikio Kinoshita
- Department of Life and Food Science, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine
| | - Teruo Miyazawa
- Food and Biotechnology Innovation Project, New Industry Creation Hatchery Center (NICHe), Tohoku University
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10
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Nascimento VR, Suenaga MLS, Andrade LH. An efficient approach for the synthesis of new (±)-coixspirolactams. Org Biomol Chem 2020; 18:5458-5465. [PMID: 32639487 DOI: 10.1039/d0ob01104e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Coixspirolactams, spiro[oxindole-γ-lactones], are found in adlay seeds and exhibit anticancer activity. A novel synthetic methodology was developed to enable an easy access to (±)-coixspirolactam A and a large number of new coixspirolactams in excellent overall yields. The exquisite exploitation of formamide reactivity was essential for the construction of oxindole and lactone scaffolds.
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11
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The gastroprotective effect of the foxtail millet and adlay processing product against stress-induced gastric mucosal lesions in rats. J Tradit Complement Med 2020; 10:336-344. [PMID: 32695650 PMCID: PMC7365783 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcme.2020.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Revised: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Foxtail millet (Setaria italica (L.) P. Beauv.) and adlay (Coix lachryma-jobi L. var. ma-yuen Stapf.) seeds have substantial benefits possesses remarkable edible and nutritive values, and ease of processing and food manufacturing. They have nutraceutical properties in the form of antioxidants which prevent deterioration of human health and have long been used in traditional Chinese medicine as a remedy for many diseases. The present study is designed to investigate the gastroprotective effect of foxtail millet and adlay processing product (APP) diet on water immersion restraint stress (WIRS) induced ulceration in rats. We examined the effects of intake of AIN-93G diet containing either foxtail millet (10, 20 and 40%, 4 weeks) or APP (15 and 30%, 5 weeks) on macroscopic ulcer index (UI), plasma calcium level, lipid peroxidation products (estimated by the thiobarbituric acid reactive substances; TBARS), non-protein sulfhydryl (NPSH), digestive enzyme activities, and histopathology were determined. The results showed that pretreatment with millet and adlay diets significantly prevented the gastric mucosal lesion development. In addition, ulcerated rats showed depletion of NPSH levels whereas treatment with millet and adlay reverted this decline in stress-induced rats. Histological studies confirmed the results. The finding suggests that millet and adlay diets promote ulcer protection by the decrease in ulcer index, TBARS values and increase NPSH concentrations. Millet and adlay diets retain the advantage of being a natural product which may protect the gastric mucosa against ulceration. Millet and adlay exerted the anti-ulcer response and extensive antioxidant effect. They promote ulcer protection by the decrease in ulcer index and TBARS values. Also, millet and adlay diets increased NPSH concentrations in stressed rats. Foxtail millet and adlay diets prove a promising protective role in gastric ulcer.
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12
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Yao HT, Lin JH, Liu YT, Li ML, Chiang W. Food-Drug Interaction between the Adlay Bran Oil and Drugs in Rats. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11102473. [PMID: 31618937 PMCID: PMC6835337 DOI: 10.3390/nu11102473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2019] [Revised: 09/29/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Adlay (Coix lachryma-jobi L. var. ma-yuen Stapf) contains various phytonutrients for treating many diseases in Asia. To investigate whether orally administered adlay bran oil (ABO) can cause drug interactions, the effects of ABO on the pharmacokinetics of five cytochrome P450 (CYP) probe drugs were evaluated. Rats were given a single oral dose (2.5 mL/kg BW) of ABO 1 h before administration of a drug cocktail either orally or intravenously, and blood was collected at various time points. A single oral dose of ABO administration did not affect the pharmacokinetics of five probe drugs when given as a drug cocktail intravenously. However, ABO increased plasma theophylline (+28.4%), dextromethorphan (+48.7%), and diltiazem (+46.7%) when co-administered an oral drug cocktail. After 7 days of feeding with an ABO-containing diet, plasma concentrations of theophylline (+45.4%) and chlorzoxazone (+53.6%) were increased after the oral administration of the drug cocktail. The major CYP enzyme activities in the liver and intestinal tract were not affected by ABO treatment. Results from this study indicate that a single oral dose or short-term administration of ABO may increase plasma drug concentrations when ABO is given concomitantly with drugs. ABO is likely to enhance intestinal drug absorption. Therefore, caution is needed to avoid food–drug interactions between ABO and co-administered drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsien-Tsung Yao
- Department of Nutrition, China Medical University, 91 Hsueh-shih Road, Taichung 404, Taiwan.
| | - Jia-Hsuan Lin
- Department of Nutrition, China Medical University, 91 Hsueh-shih Road, Taichung 404, Taiwan.
| | - Yun-Ta Liu
- Department of Nutrition, China Medical University, 91 Hsueh-shih Road, Taichung 404, Taiwan.
| | - Mei-Ling Li
- Department of Nutrition, China Medical University, 91 Hsueh-shih Road, Taichung 404, Taiwan.
| | - Wenchang Chiang
- Graduate Institute of Food Science and Technology, Center for Food and Biomolecules, College of Bioresources and Agriculture, National Taiwan University, 1 Roosevelt Road, Sec. 4, Taipei 106, Taiwan.
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Desai SJ, Prickril B, Rasooly A. Mechanisms of Phytonutrient Modulation of Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and Inflammation Related to Cancer. Nutr Cancer 2018; 70:350-375. [PMID: 29578814 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2018.1446091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The link between chronic inflammation and cancer involves cytokines and mediators of inflammatory pathways. Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), a key enzyme in fatty acid metabolism, is upregulated during both inflammation and cancer. COX-2 is induced by pro-inflammatory cytokines at the site of inflammation and enhanced COX-2-induced synthesis of prostaglandins stimulates cancer cell proliferation, promotes angiogenesis, inhibits apoptosis, and increases metastatic potential. As a result, COX-2 inhibitors are a subject of intense research interest toward potential clinical applications. Epidemiological studies highlight the potential benefits of diets rich in phytonutrients for cancer prevention. Plants contain numerous phytonutrient secondary metabolites shown to modulate COX-2. Studies have shown that these metabolites, some of which are used in traditional medicine, can reduce inflammation and carcinogenesis. This review describes the molecular mechanisms by which phytonutrients modulate inflammation, including studies of carotenoids, phenolic compounds, and fatty acids targeting various inflammation-related molecules and pathways associated with cancer. Examples of pathways include those of COX-2, mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase, mitogen-activated protein kinase, pro-inflammatory cytokines, and transcription factors like nuclear factor kappa B. Such phytonutrient modulation of COX-2 and inflammation continue to be explored for applications in the prevention and treatment of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shreena J Desai
- a Office of Cancer Complementary and Alternative Medicine , National Cancer Institute , Rockville , Maryland , USA
| | - Ben Prickril
- a Office of Cancer Complementary and Alternative Medicine , National Cancer Institute , Rockville , Maryland , USA
| | - Avraham Rasooly
- a Office of Cancer Complementary and Alternative Medicine , National Cancer Institute , Rockville , Maryland , USA
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Pharmacotherapeutic potential of phytochemicals: Implications in cancer chemoprevention and future perspectives. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 97:564-586. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.10.124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2017] [Revised: 10/14/2017] [Accepted: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
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Hong IH, Choi JY, Kim AY, Lee EM, Kim JH, Park JH, Choi SW, Jeong KS. Anti-rheumatoid arthritic effect of fermented Adlay and Achyranthes japonica Nakai on collagen-induced arthritis in mice. FOOD AGR IMMUNOL 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/09540105.2016.1202207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
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17
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Xi XJ, Zhu YG, Tong YP, Yang XL, Tang NN, Ma SM, Li S, Cheng Z. Assessment of the Genetic Diversity of Different Job's Tears (Coix lacryma-jobi L.) Accessions and the Active Composition and Anticancer Effect of Its Seed Oil. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0153269. [PMID: 27070310 PMCID: PMC4829220 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0153269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2016] [Accepted: 03/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Job's tears (Coix lachryma-jobi L.) is an important crop used as food and herbal medicine in Asian countries. A drug made of Job's tears seed oil has been clinically applied to treat multiple cancers. In this study, the genetic diversity of Job's tears accessions and the fatty acid composition, triglyceride composition, and anti-proliferative effect of Job's tears seed oil were analyzed using morphological characteristics and ISSR markers, GC-MS, HPLC-ELSD, and the MTT method. ISSR analysis demonstrated low genetic diversity of Job's tears at the species level (h = 0.21, I = 0.33) and the accession level (h = 0.07, I = 0.10), and strong genetic differentiation (GST = 0.6702) among all accessions. It also clustered the 11 accessions into three cultivated clades corresponding with geographical locations and two evidently divergent wild clades. The grouping patterns based on morphological characteristics and chemical profiles were in accordance with those clustered by ISSR analysis. Significant differences in morphological characteristics, fatty acid composition, triglyceride composition, and inhibition rates of seed oil were detected among different accessions, which showed a highly significant positive correlation with genetic variation. These results suggest that the seed morphological characteristics, fatty acid composition, and triglyceride composition may be mainly attributed to genetic factors. The proportion of palmitic acid and linoleic acid to oleic acid displayed a highly significant positive correlation with the inhibition rates of Job's tears seed oil for T24 cells, and thus can be an important indicator for quality control for Job's tears.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiu-Jie Xi
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yun-Guo Zhu
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying-Peng Tong
- College of Pharmacy, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiao-Ling Yang
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Nan-Nan Tang
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shu-Min Ma
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shan Li
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhou Cheng
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
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Prophylactic Treatment with Adlay Bran Extract Reduces the Risk of Severe Acute Radiation Dermatitis: A Prospective, Randomized, Double-Blind Study. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2015; 2015:312072. [PMID: 26495009 PMCID: PMC4606150 DOI: 10.1155/2015/312072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2015] [Accepted: 09/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Acute radiation dermatitis is a frequent adverse effect in patients with breast cancer undergoing radiotherapy, but there are only a small number of studies providing evidence-based interventions for this clinical condition. Adlay is a cereal crop that has been previously shown to have anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. In this study, we seek to evaluate the effectiveness of oral prophylactic treatment with adlay bran extract in reducing the risk of severe acute radiation dermatitis. A total of 110 patients with breast cancer undergoing radiotherapy were analyzed. Using a prospective, randomized, double-blind design, 73 patients received oral treatment with adlay bran extract and 37 patients received olive oil (placebo). Treatment was started at the beginning of radiation therapy and continued until the termination of radiation treatment. Our results showed that the occurrence of severe acute radiation dermatitis (RTOG grade 2 or higher) was significantly lower in patients treated with oral adlay bran extract compared to placebo (45.2% versus 75.7%, adjusted odds ratio 0.24). No serious adverse effects from adlay bran treatment were noted. In conclusion, prophylactic oral treatment with adlay bran extract reduces the risk of severe acute radiation dermatitis and may have potential use in patients with breast cancer undergoing radiotherapy.
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Manosroi A, Sainakham M, Chankhampan C, Manosroi W, Manosroi J. In vitro anti-cancer activities of Job's tears (Coix lachryma-jobi Linn.) extracts on human colon adenocarcinoma. Saudi J Biol Sci 2015; 23:248-56. [PMID: 26981007 PMCID: PMC4778515 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2015.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2014] [Revised: 03/09/2015] [Accepted: 03/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The whole seed (W), endosperm (E) and hull (H) of five cultivars of Job’s tears (Coix lachryma-jobi Linn. var. ma-yuen Stapf) including Thai Black Phayao, Thai Black Loei, Laos Black Loei, Laos White Loei and Laos Black Luang Phra Bang were processed before solvent extraction by non-cooking, roasting, boiling and steaming Each part of the Job’s tears was extracted by the cold and hot process by refluxing with methanol and hexane. The total of 330 extracts included 150 methanol extracts and 180 hexane extracts were investigated for anti-proliferative activity on human colon adenocarcinoma cell line (HT-29) by the sulforhodamine B (SRB) assay. The extracts which gave high anti-proliferative activity were tested for apoptotic activity by acridine orange and ethidium bromide double staining and anti-oxidative activities including free radical scavenging and lipid peroxidation inhibition activities. The extract from the hull of Thai Black Loei roasted before extracting by hot methanol (M-HTBL-R2) showed the highest anti-proliferative activity on HT-29 with the IC50 values of 11.61 ± 0.95 μg/ml, while the extract from the non-cooked hull of Thai Black Loei by cold methanol extraction (M-HTBL-N1) gave the highest apoptosis (8.17 ± 1.18%) with no necrosis. In addition, M-HTBL-R2 and M-HTBL-N1 indicated free radical scavenging activity at the SC50 values of 0.48 ± 0.12 and 2.47 ± 1.15 mg/ml, respectively. This study has demonstrated the anti-colorectal cancer potential of the M-HTBL-R2 and M-HTBL-N1 extracts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aranya Manosroi
- Manose Health and Beauty Research Center, Mueng, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; Natural Products Research and Development Center (NPRDC), Science and Technology Research Institute (STRI), Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Mathukorn Sainakham
- Manose Health and Beauty Research Center, Mueng, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; Natural Products Research and Development Center (NPRDC), Science and Technology Research Institute (STRI), Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Charinya Chankhampan
- Manose Health and Beauty Research Center, Mueng, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; Natural Products Research and Development Center (NPRDC), Science and Technology Research Institute (STRI), Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Worapaka Manosroi
- Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Jiradej Manosroi
- Manose Health and Beauty Research Center, Mueng, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; Natural Products Research and Development Center (NPRDC), Science and Technology Research Institute (STRI), Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
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20
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Zhao M, Zhu D, Sun-Waterhouse D, Su G, Lin L, Wang X, Dong Y. In vitro and in vivo studies on adlay-derived seed extracts: phenolic profiles, antioxidant activities, serum uric acid suppression, and xanthine oxidase inhibitory effects. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2014; 62:7771-7778. [PMID: 25029106 DOI: 10.1021/jf501952e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to explore the potential of polished adlay, brown adlay, adlay bran, and adlay hull to prevent and treat hyperuricemia. Brown adlay extract effectively decreased the serum uric acid levels of oxonate-induced hyperuricemic rats. Free and bound phenolic extracts from these materials contained significant amounts of phenolics, with free phenolics dominated by chlorogenic acid and p-coumaric acid while bound phenolics dominated by p-coumaric acid and ferulic acid. Free and bound phenolics of adlay bran exhibited significant xanthine oxidase inhibition activities, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activities, oxygen radical absorbance capacities, and superoxide radical scavenging activities. Adlay bran phenolics could be effective xanthine oxidase inhibitors and radical scavengers. p-Coumaric acid is a xanthine oxidase inhibitor with strong superoxide radical scavenging activity. However, ferulic acid is a xanthine oxidase inhibitor with weak superoxide radical scavenging activity. Chlorogenic acid is a superoxide radical scavenger with weak xanthine oxidase inhibitory activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mouming Zhao
- College of Light Industry and Food Sciences, South China University of Technology , Guangzhou 510640, China
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21
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Kuo CC, Chen HH, Chiang W. Adlay ( yì yĭ; "soft-shelled job's tears"; the seeds of Coix lachryma-jobi L. var. ma-yuen Stapf) is a Potential Cancer Chemopreventive Agent toward Multistage Carcinogenesis Processes. J Tradit Complement Med 2014; 2:267-75. [PMID: 24716141 PMCID: PMC3942904 DOI: 10.1016/s2225-4110(16)30112-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Adlay ( yì yĭ "soft-shelled job's tears", the seeds of Coix lachryma-jobi L. var. ma-yuen Stapf) is a grass crop that has long been used in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) and as a nourishing food in China for the treatment of warts, chapped skin, rheumatism, neuralgia, inflammatory, and neoplastic diseases. In addition, adlay also has been said to have stomachic, diuretic, antipholgistic, anodynic, and antispasmodic effects. Carcinogenesis is a multistage process that begins with exposure of viruses or chemicals that are found in the environment. Chemoprevention refers to the use of natural or synthetic, non-toxic chemical substances to reverse, repress, or prevent carcinogenesis. In this review, we summarize recent research attempting to study the chemopreventive blocking and suppressing potential of adlay and its active components in scavenging electrophiles and reactive oxygen species, antimutagenicity, enhancing Nrf2-mediated detoxification and antioxidant effect, altering carcinogen metabolism, suppressing proliferation, decreasing inflammation, and enhancing antitumor immunity. In addition, several active components with diverse chemopreventive properties have been also mentioned in this review article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching-Chuan Kuo
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Tainan
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, National Cheng Kung University Medical College, Tainan
- Correspondence to: Ching-Chuan Kuo, National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, No. 367, Shengli Road, Tainan, Taiwan, R.O.C. Phone: +886-6-7000123 ext. 65115; Fax: +886-6-2083427; Wenchang Chiang, Graduate Institute of Food Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C. Phone: +886-2-33664115; Fax: +886-2-23638673;
| | - Huang-Hui Chen
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Tainan
| | - Wenchang Chiang
- Graduate Institute of Food Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
- Correspondence to: Ching-Chuan Kuo, National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, No. 367, Shengli Road, Tainan, Taiwan, R.O.C. Phone: +886-6-7000123 ext. 65115; Fax: +886-6-2083427; Wenchang Chiang, Graduate Institute of Food Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C. Phone: +886-2-33664115; Fax: +886-2-23638673;
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Choi HJ, An TJ, Kim J, Park SH, Kim D, Ahn YS, Moon Y. Postharvest strategies for deoxynivalenol and zearalenone reduction in stored adlay (Coix lachryma-jobi L.) grains. J Food Prot 2014; 77:466-71. [PMID: 24674439 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-13-284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Improperly practiced postharvest procedures can pose mycotoxin-related risks in the production of medicinal herbs. As a health food with pharmacological supplements, cereal-based adlay has been broadly used in oriental medical practice. Compared with the standard production protocol, three provisional critical control points (CCPs) in the conventional procedure were identified and assessed for mycotoxin contamination in the adlay from small farms in Korea. Although various mycotoxins were present, the prevalence of deoxynivalenol (DON) or zearalenone (ZEN) was relatively high in the adlay. In terms of drying conditions, field drying in the conventional pathway was associated with more exposure to DON than heated-air drying. Moreover, the DON or ZEN levels in chaff were higher than the levels in the inner grain, suggesting that the hulling process as another CCP would reduce the DON or ZEN exposure. In particular, the DON or ZEN levels in adlay stored for protracted periods without dehulling were very high, but a lower storage temperature of 12°C was not effective at significantly reducing these mycotoxins. In this case, the inner grain was more contaminated with DON or ZEN than the chaff after protracted storage because surface fungi, which produce mycotoxins, can penetrate deep into grain with time. Heated-air drying and nonprotracted storage limited DON contamination in adlay. More importantly, an early dehulling process should be adopted as an easy preventive action to reduce the risk of exposure to DON or ZEN in adlay postharvest. This is monitored as a central CCP for safer production of adlay from local farms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye Jin Choi
- Laboratory of Mucosal Exposome and Biomodulation, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, and Medical Research Institute, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, South Korea
| | - Tae-Jin An
- Department of Herbal Crop Research, National Institute of Horticultural & Herbal Science, RDA, Eumseong, South Korea
| | - Juil Kim
- Laboratory of Mucosal Exposome and Biomodulation, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, and Medical Research Institute, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, South Korea
| | - Seong-Hwan Park
- Laboratory of Mucosal Exposome and Biomodulation, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, and Medical Research Institute, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, South Korea
| | - Dongwook Kim
- National Institute of Animal Science, RDA, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Young-Sup Ahn
- Department of Herbal Crop Research, National Institute of Horticultural & Herbal Science, RDA, Eumseong, South Korea
| | - Yuseok Moon
- Laboratory of Mucosal Exposome and Biomodulation, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, and Medical Research Institute, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, South Korea; Immunoregulatory Therapeutics Group in Brain Busan 21 Project, Busan, South Korea.
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Chen M, May BH, Zhou IW, Xue CCL, Zhang AL. FOLFOX 4 combined with herbal medicine for advanced colorectal cancer: a systematic review. Phytother Res 2013; 28:976-91. [PMID: 24343974 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.5092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2013] [Revised: 09/06/2013] [Accepted: 11/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
This systematic review evaluates the clinical evidence for the addition of herbal medicines (HMs) to FOLFOX 4 for advanced colorectal cancer (ACRC) in terms of tumor response rate (tRR), survival, quality of life and reduction in adverse events (AEs). Seven electronic databases were searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of FOLFOX4 combined with HMs compared to FOLFOX4 alone. Outcome data for 13 randomized controlled trials were analysed using Review Manager 5.1. Risk of bias for objective outcomes including tumor response and survival was judged as low. Publication bias was not evident. Meta-analyses found the addition of HMs improved tRR (RR 1.25, 95%CI 1.06-1.47, I(2) = 0%), one year survival (RR 1.51, 95%CI 1.19-1.90, I(2) = 0%) and quality of life in terms of Karnofsky Performance Status (KPS) gained (RR 1.84, 95%CI 1.54-2.19, I(2) = 0%); alleviated grade 3 and 4 chemotherapy-related AEs for neutropenia (RR 0.33, 95%CI 0.18-0.60, I(2) = 0%), nausea and vomiting (RR 0.34, 95%CI 0.17-0.67, I(2) = 0%) and neurotoxicity (RR 0.39, 95%CI 0.15-1.00, I(2) = 0%), compared to FOLFOX4 alone. The most frequently used herbs were Astragalus membranaceus, Panax ginseng, Atractylodes macrocephala, Poria cocos, Coix lachryma-jobi and Sophora flavescens. In experimental studies, each of these herbs has shown actions that could have contributed to improved tumor response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Menghua Chen
- School of Health Sciences, and Traditional & Complementary Medicine Research Program, Health Innovations Research Institute, RMIT University, Bundoora, VIC, 3083, Australia
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Wang L, Chen J, Xie H, Ju X, Liu RH. Phytochemical profiles and antioxidant activity of adlay varieties. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2013; 61:5103-5113. [PMID: 23647066 DOI: 10.1021/jf400556s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Consumption of whole grains has been associated with reduced risk of developing major chronic diseases. These health benefits have been attributed in part to their unique phytochemicals. Little is known about the complete profiles of phytochemicals and antioxidant activities of different adlay varieties. The objectives of this study were to determine the phytochemicals profiles of the three adlay varieties, including both free and bound of total phenolics and total flavonoids, and to determine the total antioxidant activity of adlay. The free, bound, and total phenolic contents of adlay samples ranged from 31.23 to 45.19 mg of gallic acid equiv/100 g of sample, from 28.07 to 30.86 mg of gallic acid equiv/100 g of sample, and from 59.30 to 76.04 mg of gallic acid equiv/100 g of sample, respectively. On average, the bound phenolics contributed 45.3% of total phenolic content of the adlay varieties analyzed. The free, bound, and total flavonoid contents of adlay samples ranged from 6.21 to 18.24 mg of catechin equiv/100 g, from 18.68 to 35.27 mg of catechin equiv/100 g, and from 24.88 to 52.86 mg of catechin equiv/100 g, respectively. The average values of bound flavonoids contributed 71.1% of total flavonoids of the adlay varieties analyzed. The percentage contribution of flavonoid content to phenolic content of free, bound, and total ranged from 11.6 to 35.2%, from 50.5 to 66.8%, and from 24.6 to 50.5%. The free, bound, and total oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) values of adlay samples ranged from 231.9 to 316.6 mg of Trolox equiv/100 g, from 209.0 to 351.4 mg of Trolox equiv/100 g, and from 440.9 to 668.0 mg of Trolox equiv/100 g, respectively. The average ORAC values of bound phytochemicals contributed 48.1% of total antioxidant activity of the adlay varieties analyzed. The content of total polyphenol and the antioxidant capacity are obviously different among different species. Liaoning 5 adlay and Longyi 1 adlay are significantly better than Guizhou heigu adlay. The adlay extracts have obvious proliferate inhibition on human liver cancer cells, and substantially in the experimental concentration range, the adlay sample itself has no cytotoxicity. Knowing the phytochemical profiles and antioxidant activity of adlay gives insights to its potential application to promote health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lifeng Wang
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China 210023.
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Wang L, Sun J, Yi Q, Wang X, Ju X. Protective effect of polyphenols extract of adlay (Coix lachryma-jobi L. var. ma-yuen Stapf) on hypercholesterolemia-induced oxidative stress in rats. Molecules 2012; 17:8886-97. [PMID: 22836208 PMCID: PMC6268808 DOI: 10.3390/molecules17088886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2012] [Revised: 07/15/2012] [Accepted: 07/21/2012] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study examines the effect of polyphenols extract of adlay (Coix lachryma-jobi L. var. ma-yuen Stapf) (APE) on high cholesterol diet fed rats (HCD). APE was orally administrated by gavage at doses of 10, 40 and 200 mg total phenolics/kg body weight of rats once a day for 28 days. At the end of four weeks, serum triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and markers of oxidative stress viz., malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) in the serum and liver of HCD and normal rats were assessed and compared. The results showed that administration of APE was significantly effective in decreasing the serum levels of TC, LDL-C and MDA, increasing the serum level of HDL-C and antioxidant capacity. In addition, oral gavage of APE could also increase the antioxidant capacity, CAT and GSH-Px activities in liver. These results suggested that APE exerted a high hypocholesterolemic and antioxidant activities, which might be characterized by a protective effect on cardiovascular health in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lifeng Wang
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 24122, China;
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210046, China; (Q.Y.); (X.W.)
| | - Jing Sun
- Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China;
| | - Qida Yi
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210046, China; (Q.Y.); (X.W.)
| | - Xuefeng Wang
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210046, China; (Q.Y.); (X.W.)
| | - Xingrong Ju
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 24122, China;
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210046, China; (Q.Y.); (X.W.)
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; ; Tel./Fax: +86-25-8402-8788
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Cereal bran: the next super food with significant antioxidant and anticancer potential. MEDITERRANEAN JOURNAL OF NUTRITION AND METABOLISM 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s12349-012-0091-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Chung CP, Hsia SM, Lee MY, Chen HJ, Cheng F, Chan LC, Kuo YH, Lin YL, Chiang W. Gastroprotective activities of adlay (Coix lachryma-jobi L. var. ma-yuen Stapf) on the growth of the stomach cancer AGS cell line and indomethacin-induced gastric ulcers. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2011; 59:6025-33. [PMID: 21517098 DOI: 10.1021/jf2009556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Adlay (Coix lachryma-jobi L. var. ma-yuen Stapf) seeds have long been used to treat warts, chapped skin, rheumatism, and neuralgia in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). Recently, studies demonstrated its anti-inflammatory, antiproliferative, antitumor, and antiallergic activities. In the present study, we first report the gastroprotective effects of dehulled adlay (DA) seeds, which consist of bran (AB) and endosperm (AE). The DA ethanolic extract (DAE) was prepared, along with the AB and AE ethanolic extracts (ABE and AEE), and the inhibitory effects of these extracts were tested on the AGS gastric cancer cell line. Results indicated that the ABE showed better antiproliferative activity, and 19 compounds were purified from AB in a further phenolic-compound-guided separation. Among the isolated compounds, caffeic and chlorogenic acids significantly suppressed the growth of AGS cells. In addition, the antiulcer activity of DA was examined in an indomethacin-induced gastric lesion model. The ulcer index (UI) and oxidative biomarkers in animals decreased, while the non-protein sulfhydryl (NPSH) groups were elevated when given DA. This is the first investigation of antiulcer activity of adlay, and we demonstrated that the antioxidative-active phenolic acids in DA contribute to some portion of the gastroprotective effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Pei Chung
- Graduate Institute of Food Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
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Yao HT, Lin JH, Chiang MT, Chiang W, Luo MN, Lii CK. Suppressive effect of the ethanolic extract of adlay bran on cytochrome P-450 enzymes in rat liver and lungs. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2011; 59:4306-4314. [PMID: 21395288 DOI: 10.1021/jf200117m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Adlay ( Coix lachryma-jobi L. var. ma-yuen Stapf) is a grass crop and is reported to protect against various diseases such as cancer. To investigate the effect of the ethanolic extract of adlay bran (ABE) on drug-metabolizing enzymes and glutathione-related antioxidant enzymes in rats, three groups of eight male Sprague-Dawley rats each were fed a control diet or a diet containing 5 or 10% ABE for 4 weeks. Significant decreases in microsomal cytochrome P-450 (CYP) 1A1-catalyzed ethoxyresorufin O-deethylation, CYP2C-catalyzed diclofenac 4-hydroxylation, CYP2D-catalyzed dextromethorphan O-demethylation, and CYP3A-catalyzed testosterone 6β-hydroxylation in the liver and CYP1A1-catalyzed ethoxyresorufin O-deethylation in the lungs of rats fed ABE were observed. Immunoblot analyses also showed decreases of CYP1A1, 1A2, 2C6, 2C11, 2D1, 2E1, 3A1, and 3A2 in the liver and CYP1A1 in the lungs. Furthermore, rats fed the 10% ABE diet had a higher glutathione content and glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase, and glutathione S-transferase activities in the lungs, but such an increase was not noted in the liver. Inhibition of various CYP-catalyzed enzyme reactions by ABE in rat and human liver microsomes had also been shown. The results of this study indicate that ABE feeding may suppress CYP enzyme activities and CYP protein expression in the liver and lungs of rats. Moreover, the increase of the antioxidant potential by ABE is tissue-specific.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsien-Tsung Yao
- Department of Nutrition, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, Republic of China.
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Chung CP, Hsu CY, Lin JH, Kuo YH, Chiang W, Lin YL. Antiproliferative lactams and spiroenone from adlay bran in human breast cancer cell lines. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2011; 59:1185-1194. [PMID: 21284381 DOI: 10.1021/jf104088x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Two new lactams, coixspirolactam D (1) and coixspirolactam E (2), and a new spiroenone, coixspiroenone (3), together with seven known compounds, coixspirolactam A (4), coixspirolactam B (5), coixspirolactam C (6), coixlactam (7), coixol (8), ethyl dioxindole-3-acetate (9), and isoindol-1-one (10), and two neolignans, zhepiresionol (11) and ficusal (12), were isolated from the bioactive subfraction of adlay bran ethanolic extract (ABE). Compounds 9 and 10 are the first isolates from natural resources. The structures of new compounds were identified by spectroscopic methods, including infrared (IR) spectrum, 1D and 2D nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and mass spectrum (MS). All of the isolated compounds were tested for antiproliferative effects on MCF-7, MDA-MB-231, and T-47D cells. Results showed that compounds 1, 3, 4, 6, and 7 at 50 μM significantly inhibited MCF-7 cell proliferation by 30.2, 19.2, 21.0, 13.5, and 32.4%, respectively; compounds 2, 4, and 7 significantly inhibited T-47D cells at 50 μM by 20.7, 24.8, and 28.9%; and compounds 1, 2, and 12 significantly inhibited MDA-MB-231 cells at 50 μM by 47.4, 25.3, and 69.3%, respectively. In conclusion, ABE has antiproliferative activities, and this effect is partially related to the presence of lactams and spiroenone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Pei Chung
- Graduate Institute of Food Science and Technology, National Taiwan University , Taipei 106, Taiwan
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