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Zhang W, Zhang Y, Fan J, Feng Z, Song X. Pharmacological activity of capsaicin: Mechanisms and controversies (Review). Mol Med Rep 2024; 29:38. [PMID: 38240083 PMCID: PMC10828990 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2024.13162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Capsaicin, which is abundant in chili peppers, exerts antioxidative, antitumor, antiulcer and analgesic effects and it has demonstrated potential as a treatment for cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, oncological and dermatological conditions. Unique among natural irritants, capsaicin initially excites neurons but then 'calms' them into long‑lasting non‑responsiveness. Capsaicin can also promote weight loss, making it potentially useful for treating obesity. Several mechanisms have been proposed to explain the therapeutic effects of capsaicin, including antioxidation, analgesia and promotion of apoptosis. Some of the mechanisms are proposed to be mediated by the capsaicin receptor (transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 1), but some are proposed to be independent of that receptor. The clinical usefulness of capsaicin is limited by its short half‑life. The present review provided an overview of what is known about the therapeutic effects of capsaicin and the mechanisms involved and certain studies arguing against its clinical use were mentioned.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang
- College of Life Science, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang, Henan 464000, P.R. China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang, Henan 464000, P.R. China
| | - Yu Zhang
- College of Life Science, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang, Henan 464000, P.R. China
| | - Jinke Fan
- College of Life Science, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang, Henan 464000, P.R. China
| | - Zhiguo Feng
- School of Science, Qiongtai Normal University, Haikou, Hainan 571127, P.R. China
| | - Xinqiang Song
- College of Life Science, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang, Henan 464000, P.R. China
- School of Medicine, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang, Henan 464000, P.R. China
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2
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Novel preventive effect of isorhamnetin on electrical and structural remodeling in atrial fibrillation. Clin Sci (Lond) 2022; 136:1831-1849. [DOI: 10.1042/cs20220319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Isorhamnetin, a natural flavonoid, has strong antioxidant and antifibrotic effects, and a regulatory effect against Ca2+-handling. Atrial remodeling due to fibrosis and abnormal intracellular Ca2+ activities contributes to initiation and persistence of atrial fibrillation (AF). The present study investigated the effect of isorhamnetin on angiotensin II (AngII)-induced AF in mice. Wild-type male mice (C57BL/6J, 8 weeks old) were assigned to three groups: (1) control group, (2) AngII-treated group, and (3) AngII- and isorhamnetin-treated group. AngII (1000 ng/kg/min) and isorhamnetin (5 mg/kg) were administered continuously via an implantable osmotic pump for two weeks and intraperitoneally one week before initiating AngII administration, respectively. AF induction and electrophysiological studies, Ca2+ imaging with isolated atrial myocytes and HL-1 cells, and action potential duration (APD) measurements using atrial tissue and HL-1 cells were performed. AF-related molecule expression was assessed and histopathological examination was performed. Isorhamnetin decreased AF inducibility compared with the AngII group and restored AngII-induced atrial effective refractory period prolongation. Isorhamnetin eliminated abnormal diastolic intracellular Ca2+ activities induced by AngII. Isorhamnetin also abrogated AngII-induced APD prolongation and abnormal Ca2+ loading in HL-1 cells. Furthermore, isorhamnetin strongly attenuated AngII-induced left atrial enlargement and atrial fibrosis. AngII-induced elevated expression of AF-associated molecules, such as ox-CaMKII, p-RyR2, p-JNK, p-ERK, and TRPC3/6, was improved by isorhamnetin treatment. The findings of the present study suggest that isorhamnetin prevents AngII-induced AF vulnerability and arrhythmogenic atrial remodeling, highlighting its therapeutic potential as an anti-arrhythmogenic pharmaceutical or dietary supplement.
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Mirazimi SMA, Dashti F, Tobeiha M, Shahini A, Jafari R, Khoddami M, Sheida AH, EsnaAshari P, Aflatoonian AH, Elikaii F, Zakeri MS, Hamblin MR, Aghajani M, Bavarsadkarimi M, Mirzaei H. Application of Quercetin in the Treatment of Gastrointestinal Cancers. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:860209. [PMID: 35462903 PMCID: PMC9019477 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.860209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Many cellular signaling pathways contribute to the regulation of cell proliferation, division, motility, and apoptosis. Deregulation of these pathways contributes to tumor cell initiation and tumor progression. Lately, significant attention has been focused on the use of natural products as a promising strategy in cancer treatment. Quercetin is a natural flavonol compound widely present in commonly consumed foods. Quercetin has shown significant inhibitory effects on tumor progression via various mechanisms of action. These include stimulating cell cycle arrest or/and apoptosis as well as its antioxidant properties. Herein, we summarize the therapeutic effects of quercetin in gastrointestinal cancers (pancreatic, gastric, colorectal, esophageal, hepatocellular, and oral).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fatemeh Dashti
- School of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Tobeiha
- School of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran.,Student Research Committee, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Ali Shahini
- Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Raha Jafari
- Department of Medicine, Mashhad Medical Sciences Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mehrad Khoddami
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Amir Hossein Sheida
- School of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran.,Student Research Committee, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Parastoo EsnaAshari
- School of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran.,Student Research Committee, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Amir Hossein Aflatoonian
- School of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran.,Student Research Committee, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Fateme Elikaii
- School of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran.,Student Research Committee, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Melika Sadat Zakeri
- School of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran.,Student Research Committee, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Michael R Hamblin
- Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Health Science, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein, South Africa
| | - Mohammad Aghajani
- Infectious Disease Research Center, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Minoodokht Bavarsadkarimi
- Clinical Research Development Center, Mahdiyeh Educational Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamed Mirzaei
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
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Thyagarajan A, Forino AS, Konger RL, Sahu RP. Dietary Polyphenols in Cancer Chemoprevention: Implications in Pancreatic Cancer. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9080651. [PMID: 32717779 PMCID: PMC7464582 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9080651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Revised: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Naturally occurring dietary agents present in a wide variety of plant products, are rich sources of phytochemicals possessing medicinal properties, and thus, have been used in folk medicine for ages to treat various ailments. The beneficial effects of such dietary components are frequently attributed to their anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, particularly in regards to their antineoplastic activities. As many tumor types exhibit greater oxidative stress levels that are implicated in favoring autonomous cell growth activation, most chemotherapeutic agents can also enhance tumoral oxidative stress levels in part via generating reactive oxygen species (ROS). While ROS-mediated imbalance of the cellular redox potential can provide novel drug targets, as a consequence, this ROS-mediated excessive damage to cellular functions, including oncogenic mutagenesis, has also been implicated in inducing chemoresistance. This remains one of the major challenges in the treatment and management of human malignancies. Antioxidant-enriched natural compounds offer one of the promising approaches in mitigating some of the underlying mechanisms involved in tumorigenesis and metastasis, and therefore, have been extensively explored in cancer chemoprevention. Among various groups of dietary phytochemicals, polyphenols have been extensively explored for their underlying chemopreventive mechanisms in other cancer models. Thus, the current review highlights the significance and mechanisms of some of the highly studied polyphenolic compounds, with greater emphasis on pancreatic cancer chemoprevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita Thyagarajan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Boonshoft School of medicine Wright State University, Dayton, OH 45435, USA
- Correspondence: (A.T.); (R.P.S.); Tel.: +1-937-775-4603 (R.P.S.)
| | - Andrew S. Forino
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Boonshoft School of medicine Wright State University, Dayton, OH 45435, USA;
| | - Raymond L. Konger
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA;
| | - Ravi P. Sahu
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Boonshoft School of medicine Wright State University, Dayton, OH 45435, USA
- Correspondence: (A.T.); (R.P.S.); Tel.: +1-937-775-4603 (R.P.S.)
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Feeding brown fat: dietary phytochemicals targeting non-shivering thermogenesis to control body weight. Proc Nutr Soc 2020; 79:338-356. [PMID: 32290888 PMCID: PMC7663322 DOI: 10.1017/s0029665120006928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Excessive adipose accumulation, which is the main driver for the development of secondary metabolic complications, has reached epidemic proportions and combined pharmaceutical, educational and nutritional approaches are required to reverse the current rise in global obesity prevalence rates. Brown adipose tissue (BAT) is a unique organ able to dissipate energy and thus a promising target to enhance BMR to counteract a positive energy balance. In addition, active BAT might support body weight maintenance after weight loss to prevent/reduce relapse. Natural products deliver valuable bioactive compounds that have historically helped to alleviate disease symptoms. Interest in recent years has focused on identifying nutritional constituents that are able to induce BAT activity and thereby enhance energy expenditure. This review provides a summary of selected dietary phytochemicals, including isoflavones, catechins, stilbenes, the flavonoids quercetin, luteolin and resveratrol as well as the alkaloids berberine and capsaicin. Most of the discussed phytochemicals act through distinct molecular pathways e.g. sympathetic nerve activation, AMP-kinase signalling, SIRT1 activity or stimulation of oestrogen receptors. Thus, it might be possible to utilise this multitude of pathways to co-activate BAT using a fine-tuned combination of foods or combined nutritional supplements.
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Ganbold M, Owada Y, Ozawa Y, Shimamoto Y, Ferdousi F, Tominaga K, Zheng YW, Ohkohchi N, Isoda H. Isorhamnetin Alleviates Steatosis and Fibrosis in Mice with Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis. Sci Rep 2019; 9:16210. [PMID: 31700054 PMCID: PMC6838085 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-52736-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is the most severe and progressive form of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), which can lead to life-threatening conditions, however, there is still no approved drug for the treatment of NASH. In this study we used human-like NASH mouse model and treated orally with isorhamnetin at a dose of 50 mg/kg to analyze the effect of isorhamnetin on the progression of NASH. NASH-induced mice represented severe steatosis with inflammation, and fibrosis in liver accompanied with high level of liver injury markers in serum. Isorhamnetin treatment reduced intrahepatic lipid accumulation and TG content by inhibiting de novo lipogenic pathway in NASH-induced mice. Consistent with this, isorhamnetin-treated NASH mice showed improved liver injury markers, reduced collagen deposition as well as decreased gene expression of fibrogenic markers. Taken together, here we showed for the first time that synthesized isorhamnetin alleviates pathologic features of NASH and thus can potentially contribute to NASH drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Munkhzul Ganbold
- School of Integrative and Global Majors (SIGMA), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8572, Japan
| | - Yohei Owada
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8575, Japan
| | - Yusuke Ozawa
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8575, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Shimamoto
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Catalytic Chemistry, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8565, Japan
| | - Farhana Ferdousi
- Alliance for Research on the Mediterranean and North Africa (ARENA), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8577, Japan
| | - Kenichi Tominaga
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Catalytic Chemistry, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8565, Japan
| | - Yun-Wen Zheng
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8575, Japan
| | - Nobuhiro Ohkohchi
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8575, Japan
| | - Hiroko Isoda
- School of Integrative and Global Majors (SIGMA), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8572, Japan. .,Interdisciplinary Research Center for Catalytic Chemistry, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8565, Japan. .,Alliance for Research on the Mediterranean and North Africa (ARENA), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8577, Japan. .,Faculty of Life and Environment Science, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, 305-8572, Japan.
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7
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Hu X, Liu L, Ma Y, Lei Y, Zhu T. Thermosensitive molecular imprinted polymer monolith for the selective recognition of quercetin. SEP SCI TECHNOL 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/01496395.2018.1520724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Hu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Organic Solar Cells and Photochemical Conversion, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Lingling Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Organic Solar Cells and Photochemical Conversion, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Yuxin Ma
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Organic Solar Cells and Photochemical Conversion, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Yingjie Lei
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Organic Solar Cells and Photochemical Conversion, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Tao Zhu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Organic Solar Cells and Photochemical Conversion, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin, China
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Lutoshkin MA, Petrov AI, Kazachenko AS, Kuznetsov BN, Levdansky VA. Complexation of rare earth metals by quercetin and quercetin-5’-sulfonic acid in acidic aqueous solution. MAIN GROUP CHEMISTRY 2018. [DOI: 10.3233/mgc-180253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maxim A. Lutoshkin
- Institute of Chemistry and Chemical Technology SB RAS, Federal Research Center “Krasnoyarsk Science Center SB RAS”, Krasnoyarsk, Russian Federation
- Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR 5256, IRCELYON, Institut de recherches sur la catalyse et l’environnement de Lyon, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Alexander I. Petrov
- Institute of Chemistry and Chemical Technology SB RAS, Federal Research Center “Krasnoyarsk Science Center SB RAS”, Krasnoyarsk, Russian Federation
- Institute of Non-Ferrous Metals and Materials Science, Siberian Federal University, Krasnoyarsk, Russian Federation
| | - Alexandr S. Kazachenko
- Institute of Chemistry and Chemical Technology SB RAS, Federal Research Center “Krasnoyarsk Science Center SB RAS”, Krasnoyarsk, Russian Federation
| | - Boris N. Kuznetsov
- Institute of Chemistry and Chemical Technology SB RAS, Federal Research Center “Krasnoyarsk Science Center SB RAS”, Krasnoyarsk, Russian Federation
- Institute of Non-Ferrous Metals and Materials Science, Siberian Federal University, Krasnoyarsk, Russian Federation
| | - Vladimir A. Levdansky
- Institute of Chemistry and Chemical Technology SB RAS, Federal Research Center “Krasnoyarsk Science Center SB RAS”, Krasnoyarsk, Russian Federation
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Kaneko A, Matsumoto T, Matsubara Y, Sekiguchi K, Koseki J, Yakabe R, Aoki K, Aiba S, Yamasaki K. Glucuronides of phytoestrogen flavonoid enhance macrophage function via conversion to aglycones by β-glucuronidase in macrophages. IMMUNITY INFLAMMATION AND DISEASE 2017; 5:265-279. [PMID: 28480538 PMCID: PMC5569364 DOI: 10.1002/iid3.163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2017] [Revised: 04/04/2017] [Accepted: 04/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Flavonoids are converted to inactive metabolites like glucuronides in the gut, and circulate mainly as glucuronides in blood stream, resulting in low concentrations of active aglycones in plasma. It is therefore unclear how oral flavonoids exert their effects in tissues. We recently reported the plasma pharmacokinetics of some flavonoids and suggested the possibility that the absorbed flavonoids modified macrophage functions leading to enhance bacterial clearance. We aimed to confirm their pharmacological profiles focusing on tissue macrophages. Methods Pseudoinfection was induced by intradermal injection of FITC‐conjugated and killed Staphylococcus aureus into the ears of mice treated with or without genistein 7‐O‐glucuronide (GEN7G, 1 mg/kg, i.v.). FACS analysis was performed on single cell suspensions dispersed enzymatically from the skin lesions at 6 h post pseudoinfection to evaluate phagocytic activities of monocytes/macrophages (CD11b+Ly6G−) and neutrophils (CD11b+Ly6G+). Phagocytosis of the FITC‐conjugated bacteria by four glucuronides including GEN7G was evaluated in cultures of mouse macrophages. Results After GEN7G injection, genistein was identified in the inflamed ears as well as GEN7G, and the phagocytic activity of CD11b+Ly6G− cells was increased. GEN7G was converted to genistein by incubation with macrophage‐related β‐glucuronidase. Macrophage culture assays revealed that GEN7G increased phagocytosis, and the action was dampened by a β‐glucuronidase inhibitor. Binding of aglycones to estrogen receptors (ERs), putative receptors of flavonoid aglycones, correlated to biological activities, and glucuronidation reduced the binding to ERs. An ER antagonist suppressed the increase of macrophage function by GEN7G, whereas estradiol enhanced phagocytosis as well. Conclusions This study suggests a molecular mechanism by which oral flavonoids are carried as glucuronides and activated to aglycones by β‐glucuronidase in tissue macrophages, and contributes to the pharmacological study of glucuronides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Kaneko
- Tsumura Research Laboratories, Tsumura & Co., Ami-machi, Inashiki-gun, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Takashi Matsumoto
- Tsumura Research Laboratories, Tsumura & Co., Ami-machi, Inashiki-gun, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Yosuke Matsubara
- Tsumura Research Laboratories, Tsumura & Co., Ami-machi, Inashiki-gun, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Kyoji Sekiguchi
- Tsumura Research Laboratories, Tsumura & Co., Ami-machi, Inashiki-gun, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Junichi Koseki
- Tsumura Research Laboratories, Tsumura & Co., Ami-machi, Inashiki-gun, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Ryo Yakabe
- Analytical and Pharmaceutical Technology Research Center, Tsumura & Co., Ami-machi, Inashiki-gun, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Katsuyuki Aoki
- Analytical and Pharmaceutical Technology Research Center, Tsumura & Co., Ami-machi, Inashiki-gun, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Setsuya Aiba
- Department of Dermatology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Kenshi Yamasaki
- Department of Dermatology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
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Enos RT, Velázquez KT, Carson MS, McClellan JL, Nagarkatti P, Nagarkatti M, Davis JM, Murphy EA. A Low Dose of Dietary Quercetin Fails to Protect against the Development of an Obese Phenotype in Mice. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0167979. [PMID: 27959936 PMCID: PMC5154532 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0167979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2016] [Accepted: 11/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of a 40% high-fat diet (HFD) supplemented with a dietary attainable level of quercetin (0.02%) on body composition, adipose tissue (AT) inflammation, Non-Alcoholic Fatty-Liver Disease (NAFLD), and metabolic outcomes. Diets were administered for 16 weeks to C57BL/6J mice (n = 10/group) beginning at 4 weeks of age. Body composition and fasting blood glucose, insulin, and total cholesterol concentrations were examined intermittently. AT and liver mRNA expression (RT-PCR) of inflammatory mediators (F4/80, CD206 (AT only), CD11c (AT only) TLR-2 (AT only), TLR-4 (AT only), MCP-1, TNF-α, IL-6 (AT only), and IL-10 (AT only)) were measured along with activation of NFκB-p65, and JNK (western blot). Hepatic lipid accumulation, gene expression (RT-PCR) of hepatic metabolic markers (ACAC1, SREBP-1, PPAR-γ), protein content of Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) Stress markers (BiP, phosphorylated and total EIF2α, phosphorylated and total IRE1α, CHOP), and hepatic oxidative capacity were assessed (western blot). Quercetin administration had no effect at mitigating increases in visceral AT, AT inflammation, hepatic steatosis, ER Stress, decrements in hepatic oxidative capacity, or the development of insulin resistance and hypercholesterolemia. In conclusion, 0.02% quercetin supplementation is not an effective therapy for attenuating HFD-induced obesity development. It is likely that a higher dose of quercetin supplementation is needed to elicit favorable outcomes in obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reilly T. Enos
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology & Immunology, School of Medicine, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States of America
| | - Kandy T. Velázquez
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology & Immunology, School of Medicine, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States of America
| | - Meredith S. Carson
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology & Immunology, School of Medicine, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States of America
| | - Jamie L. McClellan
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology & Immunology, School of Medicine, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States of America
| | - Prakash Nagarkatti
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology & Immunology, School of Medicine, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States of America
| | - Mitzi Nagarkatti
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology & Immunology, School of Medicine, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States of America
| | - J. Mark Davis
- Department of Exercise Science, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States of America
| | - E. Angela Murphy
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology & Immunology, School of Medicine, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Vilian AE, Puthiaraj P, Kwak CH, Choe SR, Huh YS, Ahn WS, Han YK. Electrochemical determination of quercetin based on porous aromatic frameworks supported Au nanoparticles. Electrochim Acta 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2016.08.150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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12
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Quercetin affects glutathione levels and redox ratio in human aortic endothelial cells not through oxidation but formation and cellular export of quercetin-glutathione conjugates and upregulation of glutamate-cysteine ligase. Redox Biol 2016; 9:220-228. [PMID: 27572418 PMCID: PMC5011167 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2016.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2016] [Revised: 07/28/2016] [Accepted: 08/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Endothelial dysfunction due to vascular inflammation and oxidative stress critically contributes to the etiology of atherosclerosis. The intracellular redox environment plays a key role in regulating endothelial cell function and is intimately linked to cellular thiol status, including and foremost glutathione (GSH). In the present study we investigated whether and how the dietary flavonoid, quercetin, affects GSH status of human aortic endothelial cells (HAEC) and their response to oxidative stress. We found that treating cells with buthionine sulfoximine to deplete cellular GSH levels significantly reduced the capacity of quercetin to inhibit lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced oxidant production. Furthermore, incubation of HAEC with quercetin caused a transient decrease and then full recovery of cellular GSH concentrations. The initial decline in GSH was not accompanied by a corresponding increase in glutathione disulfide (GSSG). To the contrary, GSSG levels, which were less than 0.5% of GSH levels at baseline (0.26±0.01 vs. 64.7±1.9 nmol/mg protein, respectively), decreased by about 25% during incubation with quercetin. As a result, the GSH: GSSG ratio increased by about 70%, from 253±7 to 372±23. These quercetin-induced changes in GSH and GSSG levels were not affected by treating HAEC with 500 µM ascorbic acid phosphate for 24 h to increase intracellular ascorbate levels. Incubation of HAEC with quercetin also led to the appearance of extracellular quercetin-glutathione conjugates, which was paralleled by upregulation of the multidrug resistance protein 1 (MRP1). Furthermore, quercetin slightly but significantly increased mRNA and protein levels of glutamate-cysteine ligase (GCL) catalytic and modifier subunits. Taken together, our results suggest that quercetin causes loss of GSH in HAEC, not because of oxidation but due to formation and cellular export of quercetin-glutathione conjugates. Induction by quercetin of GCL subsequently restores GSH levels, thereby suppressing LPS-induced oxidant production. Glutathione mediates the antioxidant effects of quercetin in human aortic endothelial cells. Quercetin affects cellular levels of GSH and GSSG, resulting in an increased redox ratio. Quercetin forms conjugates with GSH, which are rapidly excreted from the cells. Quercetin induces glutamate-cysteine ligase and multidrug resistance protein 1 via Nrf2 activation.
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Li C, Zhang WJ, Frei B. Quercetin inhibits LPS-induced adhesion molecule expression and oxidant production in human aortic endothelial cells by p38-mediated Nrf2 activation and antioxidant enzyme induction. Redox Biol 2016; 9:104-113. [PMID: 27454768 PMCID: PMC4961307 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2016.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2016] [Revised: 06/21/2016] [Accepted: 06/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis, the underlying cause of ischemic heart disease and stroke, is an inflammatory disease of arteries in a hyperlipidemic milieu. Endothelial expression of cellular adhesion molecules, such as endothelial-leukocyte adhesion molecule-1 (E-selectin) and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), plays a critical role in the initiation and progression of atherosclerosis. The dietary flavonoid, quercetin, has been reported to inhibit expression of cellular adhesion molecules, but the underlying mechanisms are incompletely understood. In this study, we found that quercetin dose-dependently (5–20 µM) inhibits lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced mRNA and protein expression of E-selectin and ICAM-1 in human aortic endothelial cells (HAEC). Incubation of HAEC with quercetin also significantly reduced LPS-induced oxidant production, but did not inhibit activation of the nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-κB). Furthermore, quercetin induced activation of the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and subsequent mRNA and protein expression of the antioxidant enzymes, heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), NAD(P)H dehydrogenase, quinone 1, and glutamate-cysteine ligase. The induction of Nrf2 and antioxidant enzymes was partly inhibited by the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38) inhibitor, SB203580. Our results suggest that quercetin suppresses LPS-induced oxidant production and adhesion molecule expression by inducing Nrf2 activation and antioxidant enzyme expression, which is partially mediated by p38; and the inhibitory effect of quercetin on adhesion molecule expression is not due to inhibition of NF-κB activation, but instead due to antioxidant-independent effects of HO-1. Quercetin inhibits LPS-induced oxidant production and adhesion molecule expression. Quercetin activates p38 MAP kinase and Nrf2, upregulating heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1). HO-1 rather than NF-κB may account for quercetin’s anti-inflammatory effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuan Li
- Linus Pauling Institute and Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - Wei-Jian Zhang
- Linus Pauling Institute and Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - Balz Frei
- Linus Pauling Institute and Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA.
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Liao H, Bao X, Zhu J, Qu J, Sun Y, Ma X, Wang E, Guo X, Kang Q, Zhen Y. O-Alkylated derivatives of quercetin induce apoptosis of MCF-7 cells via a caspase-independent mitochondrial pathway. Chem Biol Interact 2015; 242:91-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2015.09.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2015] [Revised: 09/18/2015] [Accepted: 09/22/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Ballmann C, Hollinger K, Selsby JT, Amin R, Quindry JC. Histological and biochemical outcomes of cardiac pathology in mdx mice with dietary quercetin enrichment. Exp Physiol 2014; 100:12-22. [PMID: 25557727 DOI: 10.1113/expphysiol.2014.083360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2014] [Accepted: 10/22/2014] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
NEW FINDINGS What is the central question of this study? Does dietary quercetin enrichment improve biochemical and histological outcomes in hearts from mdx mice? What is the main finding and what is its importance? Biochemical and histological findings suggest that chronic quercetin feeding of mdx mice may improve mitochondrial function and attenuate tissue pathology. Patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy suffer from cardiac pathology, which causes up to 40% of all deaths because of fibrosis and cardiac complications. Quercetin is a flavonol with anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects and is also an activator of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator 1α capable of antioxidant upregulation, mitochondrial biogenesis and prevention of cardiac complications. We sought to determine the extent to which dietary quercetin enrichment prevents (experiment 1) and rescues cardiac pathology (experiment 2) in mdx mice. In experiment 1, 3-week-old mdx mice were fed control chow (C3w6m, n = 10) or chow containing 0.2% quercetin for 6 months (Q3w6m, n = 10). In experiment 2, 3-month-old mdx mice were fed control chow (C3m6m, n = 10) or 0.2% chow containing 0.2% quercetin for 6 months (Q3m6m, n = 10). Hearts were excised for histological and biochemical analyses. In experiment 1, Western blot targets for mitochondrial biogenesis (cytochrome c, P = 0.007) and antioxidant expression (superoxide dismutase 2, P = 0.014) increased in Q3w6m mice compared with C3w6m. Histology revealed increased utrophin (P = 0.025) and decreased matrix metalloproteinase 9 abundance (P = 0.040) in Q3w6m mice compared with C3w6m. In experiment 2, relative (P = 0.023) and absolute heart weights (P = 0.020) decreased in Q3m6m mice compared with C3m6m. Indications of damage (Haematoxylin- and Eosin-stained sections, P = 0.007) and Western blot analysis of transforming growth factor β1 (P = 0.009) were decreased in Q3m6m mice. Six months of quercetin feeding increased a mitochondrial biomarker, antioxidant protein and utrophin and decreased matrix metalloproteinase 9 in young mice. Given that these adaptations are associated with attenuated cardiac pathology and damage, the present findings may indicate that dietary quercetin enrichment attenuates dystrophic cardiac pathology, but physiological confirmation is needed.
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Rollyson WD, Stover CA, Brown KC, Perry HE, Stevenson CD, McNees CA, Ball JG, Valentovic MA, Dasgupta P. Bioavailability of capsaicin and its implications for drug delivery. J Control Release 2014; 196:96-105. [PMID: 25307998 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2014.09.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2014] [Revised: 09/24/2014] [Accepted: 09/26/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The dietary compound capsaicin is responsible for the "hot and spicy" taste of chili peppers and pepper extracts. It is a valuable pharmacological agent with several therapeutic applications in controlling pain and inflammation. Emerging studies show that it displays potent anti-tumor activity in several human cancers. On a more basic research level, capsaicin has been used as a ligand to activate several types of ion-channel receptors. The pharmacological activity of capsaicin-like compounds is dependent on several factors like the dose, the route of administration and most importantly on its concentration at target tissues. The present review describes the current knowledge involving the metabolism and bioavailability of capsaicinoids in rodents and humans. Novel drug delivery strategies used to improve the bioavailability and therapeutic index of capsaicin are discussed in detail. The generation of novel capsaicin-mimetics and improved drug delivery methods will foster the hope of innovative applications of capsaicin in human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- William D Rollyson
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Toxicology, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV, USA
| | - Cody A Stover
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Toxicology, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV, USA
| | - Kathleen C Brown
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Toxicology, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV, USA
| | - Haley E Perry
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Toxicology, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV, USA
| | - Cathryn D Stevenson
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Toxicology, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV, USA
| | - Christopher A McNees
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Toxicology, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV, USA
| | - John G Ball
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Toxicology, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV, USA
| | - Monica A Valentovic
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Toxicology, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV, USA
| | - Piyali Dasgupta
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Toxicology, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV, USA.
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Hollinger K, Shanely RA, Quindry JC, Selsby JT. Long-term quercetin dietary enrichment decreases muscle injury in mdx mice. Clin Nutr 2014; 34:515-22. [PMID: 24998094 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2014.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2014] [Revised: 05/07/2014] [Accepted: 06/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Duchenne muscular dystrophy results from a mutation in the dystrophin gene, which leads to a dystrophin-deficiency. Dystrophic muscle is marked by progressive muscle injury and loss of muscle fibers. Activation of the PGC-1α pathway has been previously shown to decrease disease-related muscle damage. Oral administration of the flavonol, quercetin, appears to be an effective and safe method to activate the PGC-1α pathway. The aim of this investigation was to determine the extent to which long term dietary quercetin enrichment would decrease muscle injury in dystrophic skeletal muscle. We hypothesized that a quercetin enriched diet would rescue dystrophic muscle from further decline and increase utrophin abundance. METHODS Beginning at three-months of age and continuing to nine-months of age mdx mice (n = 10/group) were assigned to either to mdx-control receiving standard chow or to mdx-quercetin receiving a 0.2% quercetin-enriched diet. At nine-months of age mice were sacrificed and costal diaphragms collected. One hemidiaphragm was used for histological analysis and the second hemidiaphragm was used to determine gene expression via RT-qPCR. RESULTS The diaphragm from the mdx-quercetin group had 24% (p ≤ 0.05) more muscle fibers/area and 34% (p ≤ 0.05) fewer centrally nucleated fibers compared to the mdx-control group. Further, there were 44% (p ≤ 0.05) fewer infiltrating immune cells/area, a corresponding 31% (p ≤ 0.05) reduction in TNF gene expression, and a near 50% reduction in fibrosis. The quercetin-enriched diet increased expression of genes associated with oxidative metabolism but did not increase utrophin protein abundance. CONCLUSIONS Long-term quercetin supplementation decreased disease-related muscle injury in dystrophic skeletal muscle; however the role of PGC-1α pathway activation as a mediator of this response is unclear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrin Hollinger
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - R Andrew Shanely
- Human Performance Laboratory, Appalachian State University, North Carolina Research Campus, Kannapolis, NC 28081, USA; Appalachian State University, College of Health Sciences, Boone, NC, USA
| | - John C Quindry
- School of Kinesiology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Joshua T Selsby
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA.
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Shen Y, Ward NC, Hodgson JM, Puddey IB, Wang Y, Zhang D, Maghzal GJ, Stocker R, Croft KD. Dietary quercetin attenuates oxidant-induced endothelial dysfunction and atherosclerosis in apolipoprotein E knockout mice fed a high-fat diet: a critical role for heme oxygenase-1. Free Radic Biol Med 2013; 65:908-915. [PMID: 24017971 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2013.08.185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2012] [Revised: 08/23/2013] [Accepted: 08/24/2013] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Several lines of evidence indicate that quercetin, a polyphenol derived in the diet from fruit and vegetables, contributes to cardiovascular health. We aimed to investigate the effects of dietary quercetin on endothelial function and atherosclerosis in mice fed a high-fat diet. Wild-type C57BL/6 (WT) and apolipoprotein E gene knockout (ApoE(-/-)) mice were fed: (i) a high-fat diet (HFD) or (ii) a HFD supplemented with 0.05% w/w quercetin (HFD+Q), for 14 weeks. Compared with animals fed HFD, HFD+Q attenuated atherosclerosis in ApoE(-/-) mice. Treatment with the HFD+Q significantly improved endothelium-dependent relaxation of aortic rings isolated from WT but not ApoE(-/-) mice and attenuated hypochlorous acid-induced endothelial dysfunction in aortic rings of both WT and ApoE(-/-) mice. Mechanistic studies revealed that HFD+Q significantly improved plasma F2-isoprostanes, 24h urinary nitrite, and endothelial nitric oxide synthase activity, and increased heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) protein expression in the aortas of both WT and ApoE(-/-) mice (P<0.05). HFD+Q also resulted in small changes in plasma cholesterol (P<0.05 in WT) and plasma triacylglycerols (P<0.05 in ApoE (-/-)mice). In a separate experiment, quercetin did not protect against hypochlorite-induced endothelial dysfunction in arteries obtained from heterozygous HO-1 gene knockout mice with low expression of HO-1 protein. Quercetin protects mice fed a HFD against oxidant-induced endothelial dysfunction and ApoE(-/-) mice against atherosclerosis. These effects are associated with improvements in nitric oxide bioavailability and are critically related to arterial induction of HO-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Shen
- Medical School, Department of Cardiology, Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China; School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Natalie C Ward
- School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Jonathan M Hodgson
- School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Ian B Puddey
- School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Yutang Wang
- Centre for Vascular Research, School of Medical Sciences (Pathology) and Bosch Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Di Zhang
- Vascular Biology Division, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, Sydney Australia
| | - Ghassan J Maghzal
- Vascular Biology Division, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, Sydney Australia
| | - Roland Stocker
- Centre for Vascular Research, School of Medical Sciences (Pathology) and Bosch Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia; Vascular Biology Division, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, Sydney Australia
| | - Kevin D Croft
- School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia.
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Edderkaoui M, Lugea A, Hui H, Eibl G, Lu QY, Moro A, Lu X, Li G, Go VL, Pandol SJ. Ellagic acid and embelin affect key cellular components of pancreatic adenocarcinoma, cancer, and stellate cells. Nutr Cancer 2013; 65:1232-44. [PMID: 24127740 PMCID: PMC3909533 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2013.832779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Ellagic acid is a polyphenolic phytochemical present in many fruits and nuts with anticancer properties demonstrated in experimental tumor studies. Embelin is a benzoquinone phytochemical isolated from the Japanese herb Ardisiae Japonicae and has been shown to induce apoptosis in cancer cells. We found that ellagic acid and embelin each dose-dependently increased apoptosis and inhibited proliferation in human pancreatic cancer cells, MIA PaCa-2 and HPAF-II cells, and in pancreatic stellate cells, which are progenitors of pancreatic cancer desmoplasia. In each of these cell types, combinations of ellagic acid and embelin at low micromolar concentrations (0.5-3 μM) induced synergistic increases in apoptosis and decreases in proliferation. Ellagic acid decreased NF-κB transcriptional activity, whereas embelin decreased STAT-3 phosphorylation and protein expression of its downstream target survivin in cancer cells. In vivo dietary ellagic acid alone or in combination with embelin decreased tumor size and tumor cellularity in a subcutaneous xenograft mouse model of pancreatic cancer. These results show that ellagic acid and embelin interact with divergent intracellular signaling pathways resulting in augmentation of apoptosis and inhibition of proliferation at low micromolar concentrations for the key cellular components of pancreatic adenocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mouad Edderkaoui
- Veterans Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, University of California Los Angeles, CA
- UCLA Center for Excellence in Pancreatic Diseases, University of California Los Angeles, CA
- Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Aurelia Lugea
- Veterans Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, University of California Los Angeles, CA
- UCLA Center for Excellence in Pancreatic Diseases, University of California Los Angeles, CA
| | - Hongxiang Hui
- Veterans Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, University of California Los Angeles, CA
- UCLA Center for Excellence in Pancreatic Diseases, University of California Los Angeles, CA
| | - Guido Eibl
- UCLA Center for Excellence in Pancreatic Diseases, University of California Los Angeles, CA
| | - Qing-Yi Lu
- UCLA Center for Excellence in Pancreatic Diseases, University of California Los Angeles, CA
| | - Aune Moro
- UCLA Center for Excellence in Pancreatic Diseases, University of California Los Angeles, CA
| | - Xuyang Lu
- UCLA Center for Excellence in Pancreatic Diseases, University of California Los Angeles, CA
| | - Gang Li
- UCLA Center for Excellence in Pancreatic Diseases, University of California Los Angeles, CA
| | - Vay-Liang Go
- UCLA Center for Excellence in Pancreatic Diseases, University of California Los Angeles, CA
| | - Stephen J. Pandol
- Veterans Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, University of California Los Angeles, CA
- UCLA Center for Excellence in Pancreatic Diseases, University of California Los Angeles, CA
- Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
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Overestimation of flavonoid aglycones as a result of the ex vivo deconjugation of glucuronides by the tissue β-glucuronidase. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2013; 88:364-9. [PMID: 24176739 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2013.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2013] [Revised: 09/03/2013] [Accepted: 09/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Flavonoid glucuronides are the main circulating metabolites of flavonoids in humans and animals. There has been a growing interest in the biological function of glucuronides. In order to differentiate biological activity and to assess efficacy it is essential to accurately determine the levels of flavonoid aglycone and metabolic conjugate in vivo. Many organs and body fluids of humans and animals exhibit β-glucuronidase against flavonoid glucuronides. Studies have shown that β-glucuronidase within the tissues hydrolyzes glucuronides to their aglycones during the tissue extraction, leading to artificially higher reported tissue levels of aglycone than actual in vivo concentrations. The aims of this study were to estimate the extent by which the aglycones were overestimated and to investigate the use of saccharo-1,4-lactone, a β-glucuronidase inhibitor, to block the ex vivo hydrolysis of flavonoid glucuronides. Our data demonstrate that in mouse liver tissues and human tumor xenografts levels of quercetin and methylated quercetin aglycones could be over-estimated by 7-fold. The inhibition of deconjugation of quercetin and baicalein glucuronides by saccharo-1,4-lactone is dose-dependent. The amount of saccharo-1,4-lactone used to produce optimal inhibition of the enzyme activity is in the range of 15-24μmol per gram of liver tissue. The use of β-glucuronidase inhibitor blocks the ex vivo deconjugation resulting in an accurate estimation of tissue levels of aglycone and conjugate. Our study described here can be extended to other animal models and human studies with different types of substrates of β-glucuronidase.
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21
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Zhang Y, Liu X, Han L, Gao X, Liu E, Wang T. Regulation of lipid and glucose homeostasis by mango tree leaf extract is mediated by AMPK and PI3K/AKT signaling pathways. Food Chem 2013; 141:2896-905. [PMID: 23871039 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2013.05.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2013] [Revised: 04/14/2013] [Accepted: 05/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Ethanolic extract of Mangifera indica (mango) dose-dependently decreased serum glucose and triglyceride in KK-A(y) mice. Our in vitro and in vivo investigations revealed that the effect of mango leave extract (ME) on glucose and lipid homeostasis is mediated, at least in part, through the PI3K/AKT and AMPK signaling pathway. ME up-regulated the expression of PI3K, AKT and GYS genes by 2.0-fold, 3.2-fold, and 2.7-fold, respectively, leading to a decrease in glucose level. On the other hand, ME up-regulated AMPK and altered lipid metabolism. ME also down-regulated ACC (2.8-fold), HSL (1.6-fold), FAS (1.8-fold) and PPAR-γ (4.0-fold). Finally, we determined that active metabolites of benzophenone C-glucosides, Iriflophenone 3-C-β-glucoside and Foliamangiferoside A from ME, may play a dominant role in this integrated regulation of sugar and lipid homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhang
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, 312 Anshanxi Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300193, China
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES The flavonoid quercetin holds promise as an antitumor agent in several preclinical animal models. However, the efficacy of oral administration of quercetin in a pancreatic cancer mouse model is unknown. METHODS The antiproliferative effects of quercetin alone or in combination with gemcitabine were tested in 2 human pancreatic cancer cell lines using cell count and MTT assays. Apoptosis was evaluated by flow cytometry. Tumor growth in vivo was investigated in an orthotopic pancreatic cancer animal model using bioluminescence. Quercetin was administered orally in the diet. RESULTS Quercetin inhibited the growth of pancreatic cancer cell lines, which was caused by an induction of apoptosis. In addition, dietary supplementation of quercetin attenuated the growth of orthotopically transplanted pancreatic xenografts. The combination of gemcitabine and quercetin had no additional effect compared with quercetin alone. In vivo quercetin caused significant apoptosis and reduced tumor cell proliferation. CONCLUSIONS Our data provide evidence that oral administration of quercetin was capable of inhibiting growth of orthotopic pancreatic tumors in a nude mouse model. These data suggest a possible benefit of quercetin in patients with pancreatic cancer.
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Lu QY, Zhang L, Lugea A, Moro A, Edderkaoui M, Eibl G, Pandol SJ, Go VLW. Determination of Rottlerin, a Natural Protein Kinases C Inhibitor, in Pancreatic Cancer Cells and Mouse Xenografts by RP-HPLC Method. JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY & SEPARATION TECHNIQUES 2013; 4:100062. [PMID: 24482742 DOI: 10.4172/2157-7064.1000162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Rottlerin is a natural polyphenolic ketone isolated from the pericarps of Mallotus phillippinensis. In previous studies we showed that parenteral administration of rottlerin reduced tumor growth in murine xenograft models of pancreatic cancer. The aim of this study was to develop a simple and validated method for the quantitative determination of rottlerin in plasma and tumor tissues of mice fed a rottlerin diet. A xenograft model of pancreatic cancer was prepared by injection of 2×106 HPAF-II cells subcutaneously into nude mice. One week before tumor implantation, mice were randomly allocated to standard diet (AIN76A) and standard diet supplement with 0.012% rottlerin (n=6 per group). Mice were sacrificed after 6 weeks on diets. Rottlerin was extracted from the plasma and tissues using protein precipitation-extraction and analyzed by reverse-phase HPLC-DAD method. The same HPLC method was also applied to determine rottlerin levels in conditioned culture media and in cell lysates from HPAF-II cells exposed to 25 µM concentration of rottlerin. A substantial amount of rottlerin was detected in tumor (2.11 ± 0.25 nmol/g tissue) and plasma (2.88 ± 0.41 µM) in mice fed rottlerin diet. In addition, significant levels of rottlerin (57.4 ± 5.4 nmol/mg protein) were detected in cell lysates from rottlerin-treated HPAF-II cells. These data indicate that rottlerin is efficiently absorbed in cells and tissues both in vivo and in vitro and suggest a strong potential for rottlerin as a preventive or adjuvant supplement for pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing-Yi Lu
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Lifeng Zhang
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Aurelia Lugea
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA ; Veterans Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Aune Moro
- Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Mouad Edderkaoui
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA ; Veterans Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Guido Eibl
- Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Stephen J Pandol
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA ; Veterans Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Vay-Liang W Go
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
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Rossi M, Lugo A, Lagiou P, Zucchetto A, Polesel J, Serraino D, Negri E, Trichopoulos D, La Vecchia C. Proanthocyanidins and other flavonoids in relation to pancreatic cancer: a case-control study in Italy. Ann Oncol 2011; 23:1488-93. [PMID: 22052986 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdr475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Four cohort studies have examined the relation between flavonoids and pancreatic cancer risk providing inconsistent results. PATIENTS AND METHODS We conducted a case-control study between 1991 and 2008 in Northern Italy. Subjects were 326 cases with incident pancreatic cancer and 652 frequency-matched controls (admitted to the same hospitals as cases for acute non-neoplastic conditions) who answered a reproducible and valid food-frequency questionnaire. We computed odds ratios (ORs) using logistic regression models conditioned on gender, age and study center, and adjusted for education, history of diabetes, tobacco smoking, alcohol drinking and energy intake. RESULTS Proanthocyanidins with three or more mers were inversely related to pancreatic cancer risk. The ORs were similar in all classes of polymers with three or more mers and in their combination (OR for the highest versus the lowest quintile of intake, 0.41; 95% confidence interval 0.24-0.69), and did not substantially change after adjustment for fruit and vegetable consumption, and for vitamin C and folate intakes. Eating an additional portion of fruits rich in proanthocyanidins every day reduced the risk of pancreatic cancer by 25%. CONCLUSION Dietary proanthocyanidins-mostly present in apples, pears and pulses-may convey some protection against pancreatic cancer risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Rossi
- Department of Epidemiology, Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research, Milan, Italy.
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Tang SN, Fu J, Nall D, Rodova M, Shankar S, Srivastava RK. Inhibition of sonic hedgehog pathway and pluripotency maintaining factors regulate human pancreatic cancer stem cell characteristics. Int J Cancer 2011; 131:30-40. [PMID: 21796625 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.26323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2011] [Accepted: 06/28/2011] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Activation of the sonic hedgehog (SHh) pathway is required for the growth of numerous tissues and organs and recent evidence indicates that this pathway is often recruited to stimulate growth of cancer stem cells (CSCs) and to orchestrate the reprogramming of cancer cells via epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT). The objectives of this study were to examine the molecular mechanisms by which (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), an active compound in green tea, inhibits self-renewal capacity of pancreatic CSCs and synergizes with quercetin, a major polyphenol and flavonoid commonly detected in many fruits and vegetables. Our data demonstrated that EGCG inhibited the expression of pluripotency maintaining transcription factors (Nanog, c-Myc and Oct-4) and self-renewal capacity of pancreatic CSCs. Inhibition of Nanog by shRNA enhanced the inhibitory effects of EGCG on self-renewal capacity of CSCs. EGCG inhibited cell proliferation and induced apoptosis by inhibiting the expression of Bcl-2 and XIAP and activating caspase-3. Interestingly, EGCG also inhibited the components of SHh pathway (smoothened, patched, Gli1 and Gli2) and Gli transcriptional activity. Furthermore, EGCG inhibited EMT by inhibiting the expression of Snail, Slug and ZEB1, and TCF/LEF transcriptional activity, which correlated with significantly reduced CSC's migration and invasion, suggesting the blockade of signaling involved in early metastasis. Furthermore, combination of quercetin with EGCG had synergistic inhibitory effects on self-renewal capacity of CSCs through attenuation of TCF/LEF and Gli activities. Since aberrant SHh signaling occurs in pancreatic tumorigenesis, therapeutics that target SHh pathway may improve the outcomes of patients with pancreatic cancer by targeting CSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su-Ni Tang
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, and Medicine, University of Kansas Cancer Center, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
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Srivastava RK, Tang SN, Zhu W, Meeker D, Shankar S. Sulforaphane synergizes with quercetin to inhibit self-renewal capacity of pancreatic cancer stem cells. Front Biosci (Elite Ed) 2011; 3:515-28. [PMID: 21196331 DOI: 10.2741/e266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
According to the cancer stem cell hypothesis, the aggressive growth and early metastasis of cancer may arise through dysregulation of self-renewal of stem cells. The objectives of this study were to examine the molecular mechanisms by which sulforaphane (SFN, an active compound in cruciferous vegetables) inhibits self-renewal capacity of pancreatic cancer stem cells (CSCs), and synergizes with quercetin, a major polyphenol and flavonoid commonly detected in many fruits and vegetables. Our data demonstrated that SFN inhibited self-renewal capacity of pancreatic CSCs. Inhibition of Nanog by lentiviral-mediated shRNA expression enhanced the inhibitory effects of sulforaphane on self-renewal capacity of CSCs. SFN induced apoptosis by inhibiting the expression of Bcl-2 and XIAP, phosphorylation of FKHR, and activating caspase-3. Moreover, SFN inhibited expression of proteins involved in the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (beta-catenin, vimentin, twist-1, and ZEB1), suggesting the blockade of signaling involved in early metastasis. Furthermore, the combination of quercetin with SFN had synergistic effects on self-renewal capacity of pancreatic CSCs. These data suggest that SFN either alone or in combination with quercetin can eliminate cancer stem cell-characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rakesh K Srivastava
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, and Medicine, The University of Kansas Cancer Center, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA.
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Jaramillo S, Lopez S, Varela LM, Rodriguez-Arcos R, Jimenez A, Abia R, Guillen R, Muriana FJG. The flavonol isorhamnetin exhibits cytotoxic effects on human colon cancer cells. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2010; 58:10869-10875. [PMID: 20923189 DOI: 10.1021/jf102669p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine whether isorhamnetin, an immediate 3'-O-methylated metabolite of quercetin, affects proliferation, cell death, and the cell cycle of human colon carcinoma (HCT-116) cells. Isorhamnetin was found to be a potent antiproliferative agent in a dose- and time-dependent manner, with an IC50 of 72 μM after 48 h of incubation as estimated by MTT assay. Flow cytometry and fluorescence microscopy analysis showed that isorhamnetin exerted a stimulatory effect on apoptosis and necrosis. Isorhamnetin also increased the number of cells in G2/M phase. Serum deprivation appeared to potentiate the effects of isorhamnetin on cell death and facilitated cell cycle progression to G0/G1 phase. These results suggest that isorhamnetin might mediate inhibition of HCT-116 cell growth through the perturbation of cell cycle progression and are consistent with the notion that G2/M checkpoints could be a conserved target for flavonoids in human colon cancer cells, leading to apoptotic and necrotic death. These antiproliferative, apoptotic, necrotic, and cell cycle effects suggest that isorhamnetin may have clinically significant therapeutic and chemopreventive capabilities. To our knowledge, this is the first report of the effect of isorhamnetin on human colon cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Jaramillo
- Laboratory of Cell Wall and Functional Components of Foods, Instituto de la Grasa (CSIC), 41014 Seville, Spain
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