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Teffera M, Veith AC, Ronnekleiv-Kelly S, Bradfield CA, Nikodemova M, Tussing-Humphreys L, Malecki K. Diverse mechanisms by which chemical pollutant exposure alters gut microbiota metabolism and inflammation. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2024; 190:108805. [PMID: 38901183 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2024.108805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
The human gut microbiome, the host, and the environment are inextricably linked across the life course with significant health impacts. Consisting of trillions of bacteria, fungi, viruses, and other micro-organisms, microbiota living within our gut are particularly dynamic and responsible for digestion and metabolism of diverse classes of ingested chemical pollutants. Exposure to chemical pollutants not only in early life but throughout growth and into adulthood can alter human hosts' ability to absorb and metabolize xenobiotics, nutrients, and other components critical to health and longevity. Inflammation is a common mechanism underlying multiple environmentally related chronic conditions, including cardiovascular disease, multiple cancer types, and mental health. While growing research supports complex interactions between pollutants and the gut microbiome, significant gaps exist. Few reviews provide descriptions of the complex mechanisms by which chemical pollutants interact with the host microbiome through either direct or indirect pathways to alter disease risk, with a particular focus on inflammatory pathways. This review focuses on examples of several classes of pollutants commonly ingested by humans, including (i) heavy metals, (ii) persistent organic pollutants (POPs), and (iii) nitrates. Digestive enzymes and gut microbes are the first line of absorption and metabolism of these chemicals, and gut microbes have been shown to alter compounds from a less to more toxic state influencing subsequent distribution and excretion. In addition, chemical pollutants may interact with or alter the selection of more harmful and less commensal microbiota, leading to gut dysbiosis, and changes in receptor-mediated signaling pathways that alter the integrity and function of the gut intestinal tract. Arsenic, cadmium, and lead (heavy metals), influence the microbiome directly by altering different classes of bacteria, and subsequently driving inflammation through metabolite production and different signaling pathways (LPS/TLR4 or proteoglycan/TLR2 pathways). POPs can alter gut microbial composition either directly or indirectly depending on their ability to activate key signaling pathways within the intestine (e.g., PCB-126 and AHR). Nitrates and nitrites' effect on the gut and host may depend on their ability to be transformed to secondary and tertiary metabolites by gut bacteria. Future research should continue to support foundational research both in vitro, in vivo, and longitudinal population-based research to better identify opportunities for prevention, gain additional mechanistic insights into the complex interactions between environmental pollutants and the microbiome and support additional translational science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Menna Teffera
- Molecular and Environmental Toxicology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, US; Biotechnology Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, US.
| | - Alex C Veith
- Department of Oncology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, US.
| | - Sean Ronnekleiv-Kelly
- Molecular and Environmental Toxicology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, US; Biotechnology Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, US; Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, US.
| | - Christopher A Bradfield
- Molecular and Environmental Toxicology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, US; Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, US; Department of Oncology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, US.
| | - Maria Nikodemova
- College of Public Health and Health Professionals, University of Florida, FL, US.
| | - Lisa Tussing-Humphreys
- Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition, University of Illinois-Chicago, Chicago, IL, US; University of Illinois Cancer Center, University of Illinois-Chicago, Chicago, IL, US.
| | - Kristen Malecki
- Molecular and Environmental Toxicology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, US; Biotechnology Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, US; University of Illinois Cancer Center, University of Illinois-Chicago, Chicago, IL, US; Environmental Occupational Health Sciences, University of Illinois-Chicago, Chicago, IL, US.
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Narukawa T, Suzuki T, Okabayashi S, Chiba K. An online internal standard technique for high-performance liquid chromatography-inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (HPLC-ICP-MS). ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2023; 15:240-246. [PMID: 36533554 DOI: 10.1039/d2ay01696f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
An online internal standard correction technique for high-performance liquid chromatography-inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (HPLC-ICP-MS) was designed using an autosampler system equipped with HPLC to improve the analytical precision. The autosampler was programed to operate in the following sequence: it first takes up a portion of sample solution, rinses the nozzle, sucks air as a spacer, takes an internal standard solution and finally injects all of them into a sampling loop through an injection valve. The repeatability of the sampling (amount 20 μL) was improved from 2.5 to 1.2% using the online internal standard technique. This technique was applied to As speciation in food samples, since food safety monitoring requires high precision and high sample throughput. Rhenium was very suitable as an internal standard element due to its retention time, peak shape and water solubility. This technique effectively improved the analytical precision of the As speciation and got rid of the operation of adding an internal standard solution into samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomohiro Narukawa
- National Metrology Institute of Japan, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, 1-1-1 Umezono, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8563, Japan.
| | - Toshihiro Suzuki
- National Metrology Institute of Japan, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, 1-1-1 Umezono, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8563, Japan.
| | - Satoki Okabayashi
- Department of Applied Chemistry for Environment, Kwansei Gakuin University, 1 Uegahara, Gakuen, Sanda, Hyogo, 669-1337, Japan
| | - Koichi Chiba
- Department of Applied Chemistry for Environment, Kwansei Gakuin University, 1 Uegahara, Gakuen, Sanda, Hyogo, 669-1337, Japan
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Spanu A, Langasco I, Barracu F, Deroma MA, López-Sánchez JF, Mara A, Meloni P, Pilo MI, Estrugo ÀS, Spano N, Sanna G. Influence of irrigation methods on arsenic speciation in rice grain. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2022; 321:115984. [PMID: 36001913 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.115984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2022] [Revised: 07/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Although the bioaccumulation of arsenic (As) in rice grains is a global health issue, its speciation is not less worrying. Despite the ascertained effectiveness of the intermittent irrigation methods in minimizing the amount of total As in rice, knowledge of its influence on the As speciation has been insufficient so far. Hence, this contribution was aimed to measure the concentrations of As(III), As(V), dimethylarsinic acid (DMA), and monomethylarsonic acid (MMA) in grains from twenty-six different rice genotypes irrigated either with continuous flooding (CF), periodic saturation (SA) or sprinkler irrigation (SP). In CF-irrigated rice, As(III) and DMA prevailed in roughly equal amounts, only As(III) was found in SA-irrigated rice, whereas As(V) was largely predominant on As(III) in SP-irrigated rice. Organoarsenic species were below the limits of detection (LoD) in rice irrigated by intermittent methods. Principal component analysis (PCA) explained the influence of the irrigation method on the total amount of As, its chemical species, and their correlation. Furthermore, PCA showed also significant differences in As speciation as a function of the rice genotype, whereas no differences were found among Indica and Japonica subspecies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonino Spanu
- Dipartimento di Agraria, Università Degli Studi di Sassari, Viale Italia, 39A, I-07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Ilaria Langasco
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Fisiche, Matematiche e Naturali, Università Degli Studi di Sassari, Via Vienna, 2, I-07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Francesco Barracu
- Dipartimento di Agraria, Università Degli Studi di Sassari, Viale Italia, 39A, I-07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Mario Antonello Deroma
- Dipartimento di Agraria, Università Degli Studi di Sassari, Viale Italia, 39A, I-07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - José Fermín López-Sánchez
- Secció de Química Analítica, Facultat de Química, Universitat de Barcelona, Martí I Franquès, 1, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Andrea Mara
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Fisiche, Matematiche e Naturali, Università Degli Studi di Sassari, Via Vienna, 2, I-07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Paola Meloni
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Fisiche, Matematiche e Naturali, Università Degli Studi di Sassari, Via Vienna, 2, I-07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Maria Itria Pilo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Fisiche, Matematiche e Naturali, Università Degli Studi di Sassari, Via Vienna, 2, I-07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Àngels Sahuquillo Estrugo
- Secció de Química Analítica, Facultat de Química, Universitat de Barcelona, Martí I Franquès, 1, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Nadia Spano
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Fisiche, Matematiche e Naturali, Università Degli Studi di Sassari, Via Vienna, 2, I-07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Gavino Sanna
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Fisiche, Matematiche e Naturali, Università Degli Studi di Sassari, Via Vienna, 2, I-07100 Sassari, Italy.
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Green and Simple Extraction of Arsenic Species from Rice Flour Using a Novel Ultrasound-Assisted Enzymatic Hydrolysis Method. SEPARATIONS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/separations9050105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
It is well established that arsenic (As) has many toxic compounds, and in particular, inorganic As (iAs) has been classified as a type-1 carcinogen. The measuring of As species in rice flour is of great importance since rice is a staple of the diet in many countries and a major contributor to As intake in the Asian diet. In this study, several solvents and techniques for the extraction of As species from rice flour samples prior to their analysis by HPLC-ICP-MS were investigated. The extraction methods were examined for their efficiency in extracting various arsenicals from a rice flour certified reference material, NMIJ-7532a, produced by the National Metrology Institute of Japan. Results show that ultrasound-assisted extraction at 60 °C for 1 h and then heating at 100 °C for 2.5 h in the oven using a thermostable α-amylase aqueous solution was highly effective in liberating the arsenic species. The recoveries of iAs and dimethylarsinic acid (DMA) in NMIJ-7532a were 99.7% ± 1.6% (n = 3) and 98.1% ± 2.3% (n = 3), respectively, in comparison with the certificated values. Thus, the proposed extraction method is a green procedure that does not use any acidic, basic, or organic solvents. Moreover, this extraction method could effectively maintain the integrity of the native arsenic species of As(III), As(V), monomethylarsonate (MMA), DMA, arsenobetaine (AsB) and arsenocholine (AsC). Under the optimum extraction, chromatography and ICP-MS conditions, the limits of detection (LOD) obtained were 0.47 ng g−1, 1.67 ng g−1 and 0.80 ng g−1 for As(III), As(V) and DMA, respectively, while the limits of quantification (LOQ) achieved were 1.51 ng g−1, 5.34 ng g−1 and 2.57 ng g−1 for As(III), As(V) and DMA, respectively. Subsequently, the proposed method was successfully applied to As speciation analysis for several rice flour samples collected from contaminated areas in China.
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Langasco I, Barracu F, Deroma MA, López-Sánchez JF, Mara A, Meloni P, Pilo MI, Estrugo ÀS, Sanna G, Spano N, Spanu A. Assessment and validation of ICP-MS and IC-ICP-MS methods for the determination of total, extracted and speciated arsenic. Application to samples from a soil-rice system at varying the irrigation method. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2022; 302:114105. [PMID: 34801866 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.114105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Food is the major route of arsenic (As) intake for humans, and rice is the staple food for more than half of the world's population. Unfortunately, rice bioaccumulates large amounts of As from the paddy field, and the toxicity of this element in the kernel is closely linked to its chemical form. Therefore, it is of the utmost importance to have access to an integrated set of analytical methods, capable of measuring the concentration of As in its various chemical forms in soil and rice. Hence, the principal aim of this study was to assess and validate a group of inductively coupled plasma - mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and IC-ICP-MS (IC, Ionic Chromatography) methods designed to measure the amount of the total or extracted As and its main chemical species (As(III), As(V), monomethylarsonic acid, MMA, and dimethylarsinic acid, DMA) in flours of rice grain and in soils. Great attention has been given to the assessment and the optimization of extraction methods of As species from these matrices. No appreciable interconversion among As species has been observed using an aqueous solution 1 mol dm-3 of phosphoric acid and 0.5 mol dm-3 of L (+)-ascorbic acid for the extraction from soils, and an aqueous solution 0.2% (w/v) of nitric acid for the extraction from rice flour. Validation has been successfully accomplished in terms of limit of detection, limit of quantification, linearity and accuracy. In addition to many certified reference materials, these methods have been tested on real samples of soils and rice grains of the Aleramo genotype obtained through traditional or intermittent irrigation methods. Data obtained revealed the critical role of the intermittent irrigation methods in determining the nature and the amount of the As chemical species in rice grains as well as in soils. As(V) is the only species found in soil irrigated by sprinkling, while the most toxic As(III) dominates in soil irrigated by continuous flooding. On the other hand, the most abundant species found in continuously flooded Aleramo rice grains are As(III) and - mostly - DMA, whereas As(V), less toxic than As(III), represents 60% of the total inorganic compounds measured in sprinkler-irrigated rice. Lastly, the total amount of As measured in this rice is 3.8% of that measured in rice irrigated by continuous flooding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Langasco
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Farmacia, Università Degli Studi di Sassari, Via Vienna, 2, I-07100, Sassari, Italy
| | - Francesco Barracu
- Dipartimento di Agraria, Università Degli Studi di Sassari, Viale Italia, 39A, I-07100, Sassari, Italy
| | - Mario Antonello Deroma
- Dipartimento di Agraria, Università Degli Studi di Sassari, Viale Italia, 39A, I-07100, Sassari, Italy
| | - José Fermín López-Sánchez
- Secció de Química Analítica, Facultat de Química, Universitat de Barcelona, Martí I Franquès, 1, E-08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Andrea Mara
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Farmacia, Università Degli Studi di Sassari, Via Vienna, 2, I-07100, Sassari, Italy
| | - Paola Meloni
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Farmacia, Università Degli Studi di Sassari, Via Vienna, 2, I-07100, Sassari, Italy
| | - Maria Itria Pilo
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Farmacia, Università Degli Studi di Sassari, Via Vienna, 2, I-07100, Sassari, Italy
| | - Àngels Sahuquillo Estrugo
- Secció de Química Analítica, Facultat de Química, Universitat de Barcelona, Martí I Franquès, 1, E-08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gavino Sanna
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Farmacia, Università Degli Studi di Sassari, Via Vienna, 2, I-07100, Sassari, Italy.
| | - Nadia Spano
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Farmacia, Università Degli Studi di Sassari, Via Vienna, 2, I-07100, Sassari, Italy
| | - Antonino Spanu
- Dipartimento di Agraria, Università Degli Studi di Sassari, Viale Italia, 39A, I-07100, Sassari, Italy
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Arun KB, Madhavan A, Sindhu R, Emmanual S, Binod P, Pugazhendhi A, Sirohi R, Reshmy R, Awasthi MK, Gnansounou E, Pandey A. Probiotics and gut microbiome - Prospects and challenges in remediating heavy metal toxicity. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 420:126676. [PMID: 34329091 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.126676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The gut microbiome, often referred to as "super organ", comprises up to a hundred trillion microorganisms, and the species diversity may vary from person to person. They perform a decisive role in diverse biological functions related to metabolism, immunity and neurological responses. However, the microbiome is sensitive to environmental pollutants, especially heavy metals. There is continuous interaction between heavy metals and the microbiome. Heavy metal exposure retards the growth and changes the structure of the phyla involved in the gut microbiome. Meanwhile, the gut microbiome tries to detoxify the heavy metals by altering the physiological conditions, intestinal permeability, enhancing enzymes for metabolizing heavy metals. This review summarizes the effect of heavy metals in altering the gut microbiome, the mechanism by which gut microbiota detoxifies heavy metals, diseases developed due to heavy metal-induced dysbiosis of the gut microbiome, and the usage of probiotics along with advancements in developing improved recombinant probiotic strains for the remediation of heavy metal toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- K B Arun
- Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Trivandrum 695014, Kerala, India
| | - Aravind Madhavan
- Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Trivandrum 695014, Kerala, India
| | - Raveendran Sindhu
- Microbial Processes and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, Trivandrum 695019, Kerala, India
| | - Shibitha Emmanual
- Department of Zoology, St. Joseph's College, Thrissur 680121, Kerala, India
| | - Parameswaran Binod
- Microbial Processes and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, Trivandrum 695019, Kerala, India
| | - Arivalagan Pugazhendhi
- School of Renewable Energy, Maejo University, Chiang Mai 50290, Thailand; College of Medical and Health Science, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan ROC
| | - Ranjna Sirohi
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 136713, Republic of Korea; Centre for Energy and Environmental Sustainability, Lucknow 226029, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - R Reshmy
- Post Graduate and Research Department of Chemistry, Bishop Moore College, Mavelikara 690110, Kerala, India
| | - Mukesh Kumar Awasthi
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, North West A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Edgard Gnansounou
- Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne, ENAC GR-GN, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Ashok Pandey
- Centre for Innovation and Translational Research, CSIR, Indian Institute for Toxicology Research, Lucknow 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India; Centre for Energy and Environmental Sustainability, Lucknow 226029, Uttar Pradesh, India.
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Yoshinaga J, Narukawa T. Dietary intake and urinary excretion of methylated arsenicals of Japanese adults consuming marine foods and rice. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2021; 38:622-629. [PMID: 33625959 DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2021.1877836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Dietary intake and urinary excretion of monomethylarsonic acid (MMA), dimethylarsinic acid (DMA) and arsenobetaine (AsB) were measured in 150 adult Japanese subjects. Duplicate diet (DD) samples and first void of urine on the next morning of DD sampling day were collected and analysed for arsenic species with liquid chromatography-ICP mass spectrometry. Median (min-max) intakes of MMA, DMA and AsB were <2.3 (<2.3-<2.3), 4.57 (<2.3-24.3), and 13.6 (<2.4-231) μg As/day, respectively, and median urinary concentrations were 1.90 (<0.37-26.), 21.9 (<0.27-141) and 19.6 (<0.37-1063) ng As/mg creatinine, respectively. Interrelationships between intake levels and urinary concentrations were mostly significant with positive coefficients indicating mutual association due to co-exposure, metabolism and/or dietary habit. Urinary concentrations and intake levels of AsB were also positively correlated confirming the applicability of urine analysis as biomarker of exposure. The present descriptive results provide with essential piece of information in assessing health risk of methylated arsenicals for population who consume marine products and rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Yoshinaga
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Toyo University, Gunma, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Narukawa
- National Metrology Institute of Japan, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Sciences and Technology, Ibaraki, Japan
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Duan H, Yu L, Tian F, Zhai Q, Fan L, Chen W. Gut microbiota: A target for heavy metal toxicity and a probiotic protective strategy. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 742:140429. [PMID: 32629250 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Revised: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
There is growing epidemiological evidence that heavy metals (HMs) may contribute to the progression of various metabolic diseases and that the etiology and progression of these diseases is partly due to HM-induced perturbations of the gut microbiota. Importantly, the gut microbiota are the first line of defense against the toxic effects of HMs, and there is a bidirectional relationship between the two. Thus, HM exposure alters the composition and metabolic profile of the gut microbiota at the functional level, and in turn, the gut microbiota alter the uptake and metabolism of HMs by acting as a physical barrier to HM absorption and by altering the pH, oxidative balance, and concentrations of detoxification enzymes or proteins involved in HM metabolism. Moreover, the gut microbiota can affect the integrity of the intestinal barrier, which may also in turn affect the absorption of HMs. Specifically, probiotic have been shown to reduce the absorption of HMs in the intestinal tract via the enhancement of intestinal HM sequestration, detoxification of HMs in the gut, changing the expression of metal transporter proteins, and maintaining the gut barrier function. This review is a summary of the bidirectional relationship between HMs and gut microbiota and of the probiotic-based protective strategies against HM-induced gut dysbiosis, with reference to strategies used in the food industry or for medically alleviating HM toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Leilei Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; International Joint Research Laboratory for Probiotics at Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China.
| | - Fengwei Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; International Joint Research Laboratory for Probiotics at Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Qixiao Zhai
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; International Joint Research Laboratory for Probiotics at Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Liuping Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China.
| | - Wei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; International Joint Research Laboratory for Probiotics at Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
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Yoshinaga J, Narukawa T. Association of dietary intake and urinary excretion of inorganic arsenic in the Japanese subjects. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2020; 116:104745. [PMID: 32712302 DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2020.104745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Revised: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Quantitative relationship between intake of inorganic arsenic (iAs) and urinary excretion of iAs and its metabolite, methylarsonic acid (MMA), was investigated for 150 adult Japanese subjects. Duplicate diet was used for the determination of intake and first void of urine on the next day of duplicate diet sampling was used for urinary iAs + MMA determination. Speciation analysis of arsenic in diet and urine was carried out with liquid chromatography-inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Geometric mean iAs intake of the subjects was 0.349 μg/kg/day and that of urinary iAs + MMA concentration was 5.20 ng As/mL (specific gravity (SG) corrected) or 4.05 ng As/mg creatinine (Cre). There was a significant positive correlation between iAs intake and urinary iAs + MMA concentration: the correlation coefficient between intake and Cre-corrected urinary concentration (r = 0.544) was greater than that between intake and SG-corrected concentration (r = 0.458). The regression equation of intake-excretion was: log10[dailyintake]=0.451×log10[creatininecorrectedurinaryiAs+MMA]+0.814. This equation has a practical value for converting urinary As levels, measured as a biomarker of exposure in epidemiologic study, to dietary intake levels in the future risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Yoshinaga
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Toyo University, 1-1-1 Izumino, Itakura, Oura, Gunma, 374-0193, Japan.
| | - Tomohiro Narukawa
- National Metrology Institute of Japan, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Sciences and Technology, 1-1-1 Umezono, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8563, Japan
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Mlangeni AT, Perez M, Raab A, Krupp EM, Norton GJ, Feldmann J. Simultaneous stimulation of arsenic methylation and inhibition of cadmium bioaccumulation in rice grain using zero valent iron and alternate wetting and drying water management. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 711:134696. [PMID: 31852588 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.134696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Revised: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Studies aiming to limit bioaccumulation of arsenic (As) and cadmium (Cd) in rice grain has attracted global attention. In this study, simultaneous impact of zero valent iron (Fe⁰) and various water management regimes (continuous flooding (CF), alternate wetting and drying (AWD) and low water (LW)) on rice grain yield (GYM) and bioaccumulation of As and Cd in unpolished rice grain (URG) were investigated. Compared to respective control treatments, Fe⁰ significantly reduced GYM under LW by 32% (p < 0.001) and significantly increased GYM under AWD by 24% (p = 0.009; F = 5.9) but had no significant effect on GYM under CF water management regime (p > 0.05). The grain harvest index was significantly higher in Fe⁰ amended rice under AWD (67%; p < 0.001) and CF (35%; p = 0.001) compared to those without Fe⁰ amendment. Fe⁰ significantly reduced tAs in URG under LW by 32% (p < 0.017) and significantly increased tAs in URG under AWD by 37% (p = 0.007) but had no significant effect on tAs in URG under CF (p > 0.05). The Cd concentrations were significantly reduced by 51% (p = 0.002) and 61% (p < 0.003) in URG under LW and AWD respectively compared to the respective control treatments. The Dimethylarsinic acid (DMA) in unpolished rice (URG) under AWD (+Fe⁰) was significantly higher (p < 0.01; F = 11.3) compared to that accumulated in URG under AWD(-Fe°). Despite increasing As accumulation in AWD water management, simultaneous use of AWD water management and Fe° increased grain yield, enhanced accumulation of less toxic methylated As in rice grains and accumulated low Cd concentrations comparable to that attainable with CF water management indicating that simultaneous use AWD and Fe° can be effective in controlling Cd accumulation in paddies highly contaminated with Cd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angstone Thembachako Mlangeni
- Trace Elements Speciation Laboratory Aberdeen, Chemistry Department, University of Aberdeen, UK; Natural Resource College, Lilongwe University of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Lilongwe, Malawi
| | - Magali Perez
- Trace Elements Speciation Laboratory Aberdeen, Chemistry Department, University of Aberdeen, UK
| | - Andrea Raab
- Trace Elements Speciation Laboratory Aberdeen, Chemistry Department, University of Aberdeen, UK
| | - Eva M Krupp
- Trace Elements Speciation Laboratory Aberdeen, Chemistry Department, University of Aberdeen, UK
| | | | - Joerg Feldmann
- Trace Elements Speciation Laboratory Aberdeen, Chemistry Department, University of Aberdeen, UK
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11
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Luvonga C, Rimmer CA, Yu LL, Lee SB. Analytical Methodologies for the Determination of Organoarsenicals in Edible Marine Species: A Review. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:1910-1934. [PMID: 31999115 PMCID: PMC7250003 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b04525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Setting regulatory limits for arsenic in food is complicated, owing to the enormous diversity of arsenic metabolism in humans, lack of knowledge about the toxicity of these chemicals, and lack of accurate arsenic speciation data on foodstuffs. Identification and quantification of the toxic arsenic compounds are imperative to understanding the risk associated with exposure to arsenic from dietary intake, which, in turn, underscores the need for speciation analysis of the food. Arsenic speciation in seafood is challenging, owing to its existence in myriads of chemical forms and oxidation states. Interconversions occurring between chemical forms, matrix complexity, lack of standards and certified reference materials, and lack of widely accepted measurement protocols present additional challenges. This review covers the current analytical techniques for diverse arsenic species. The requirement for high-quality arsenic speciation data that is essential for establishing legislation and setting regulatory limits for arsenic in food is explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caleb Luvonga
- Analytical Chemistry Division , National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) , 100 Bureau Drive , Gaithersburg , Maryland 20899 , United States
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Maryland , College Park , Maryland 20742 , United States
| | - Catherine A Rimmer
- Analytical Chemistry Division , National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) , 100 Bureau Drive , Gaithersburg , Maryland 20899 , United States
| | - Lee L Yu
- Analytical Chemistry Division , National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) , 100 Bureau Drive , Gaithersburg , Maryland 20899 , United States
| | - Sang Bok Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Maryland , College Park , Maryland 20742 , United States
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12
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Hayashi A, Sato F, Imai T, Yoshinaga J. Daily intake of total and inorganic arsenic, lead, and aluminum of the Japanese: Duplicate diet study. J Food Compost Anal 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2019.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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13
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Wang P, Yin N, Cai X, Du H, Li Z, Sun G, Cui Y. Nutritional status affects the bioaccessibility and speciation of arsenic from soils in a simulator of the human intestinal microbial ecosystem. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 644:815-821. [PMID: 29990930 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2018] [Revised: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 07/01/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Arsenic (As) is a highly toxic contaminant in food and soil. In this study, we investigated the effects of four nutritional states (including a fed state with vitamin C, a fed state with protein powder, a fed state with glucose and a fasted state) on the variability of soil As bioaccessibility and biotransformation using the physiologically based extraction test (PBET) combined with a simulator of the human intestinal microbial ecosystem model (SHIME). The results indicated that the vitamin C and protein powder increased As bioaccessibility in gastric digests. In the colon phase, As bioaccessibility was observably enhanced by protein powder, and it varied under the vitamin C and glucose conditions. Additionally, the order of As methylation percentages in the four nutritional states was protein powder > vitamin C > fasted state > glucose (except S2); As bioaccessibility increased 1.3-13.7% and 15.8-35.4% in treatments of the vitamin C and protein powder, respectively. Meanwhile, large amounts of monomethylarsonic acid (MMAV) were observed in the colon digest in the protein powder condition. In contrast, As methylation was significantly decreased with the addition of glucose, with a decline of 25.9-45.5%. Additionally, glucose enhanced the reduction of As(V). Therefore, nutritional status is a crucial parameter for the prediction of bioaccessibility and speciation of As when assessing health risks from As following oral exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Wang
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, China; Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Naiyi Yin
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, China; Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Xiaolin Cai
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, China; Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Huili Du
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, China; Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Zejiao Li
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, China; Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Guoxin Sun
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Yanshan Cui
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, China; Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China.
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14
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Mlangeni AT, Vecchi V, Norton GJ, Raab A, Krupp EM, Feldmann J. Comparison of on-site field measured inorganic arsenic in rice with laboratory measurements using a field deployable method: Method validation. Food Chem 2018; 263:180-185. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.04.133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2017] [Revised: 04/17/2018] [Accepted: 04/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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15
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Son SH, Lee WB, Kim D, Lee Y, Nam SH. An alternative analytical method for determining arsenic species in rice by using ion chromatography and inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry. Food Chem 2018; 270:353-358. [PMID: 30174058 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.07.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2017] [Revised: 06/04/2018] [Accepted: 07/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Qualitative and quantitative determination of total arsenic content and arsenic species in rice is very important because rice is one of the main sources of human arsenic intake. However, extraction and determination of arsenic species in rice has been very difficult due to severe matrix interference. An alternative analytical method was developed in this study to determine arsenic species in rice by using ion chromatography coupled to inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry. Two internal standards were used. The first internal standard was injected before sample introduction to correct signal change with time. The second internal standard was spiked into the sample to reduce matrix interference. Using the developed method, recoveries of dimethylarsinic acid, monomethylarsonic acid, and inorganic arsenic compared to certified values (NIST SRM 1568b rice flour) were 116%, 107%, and 92%, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong Hun Son
- Mokpo National University, Department of Chemistry, 61 dorimri, Chungkyemyon, Muangun, Chonnam 58554, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Bae Lee
- Mokpo National University, Department of Chemistry, 61 dorimri, Chungkyemyon, Muangun, Chonnam 58554, Republic of Korea
| | - Donghun Kim
- Department of Environmental Health Research, National Institute of Environmental Research, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Yonghoon Lee
- Mokpo National University, Department of Chemistry, 61 dorimri, Chungkyemyon, Muangun, Chonnam 58554, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Ho Nam
- Mokpo National University, Department of Chemistry, 61 dorimri, Chungkyemyon, Muangun, Chonnam 58554, Republic of Korea.
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16
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da Silva EB, de Oliveira LM, Wilkie AC, Liu Y, Ma LQ. Arsenic removal from As-hyperaccumulator Pteris vittata biomass: Coupling extraction with precipitation. CHEMOSPHERE 2018; 193:288-294. [PMID: 29145089 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.10.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2017] [Revised: 10/16/2017] [Accepted: 10/21/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Proper disposal of As-hyperaccumulator Pteris vittata biomass (Chinese brake fern) enhances its application in phytoremediation. The goal of this study was to optimize As removal from P. vittata (PV) biomass by testing different particle sizes, extractants, extraction times and solid-to-liquid ratios. PV biomass was extracted using different extractants followed by different Mg-salts to recover soluble As via precipitation. Water-soluble As in PV biomass varied from 6.8% to 61% of total As depending on extraction time, with 99% of As being arsenate (AsV). Extraction with 2.1% HCl, 2.1% H3PO4, 1 M NaOH and 50% ethanol recovered 81, 78, 47 and 14% of As from PV biomass. A follow-up extraction using HCl recovered 27-32% with ethanol recovering only 5%. Though ethanol showed the lowest extractable As, residual As in the biomass was also the lowest. Among the extractants, 35% ethanol was the best to remove As from PV biomass. Approximately 90% As was removed from PV biomass using particle size <1 mm at solid:liquid ratio 1:50 and pH 6 for 2 h. Adding MgCl2 at As:Mg ratio of 1:400 with pH 9.5 was effective to precipitate soluble As, resulting in 98% removal. Effective removal of As from PV biomass prior to disposal helps make phytoremediation more feasible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evandro B da Silva
- Research Institute of Rural Sewage Treatment, South West Forestry University, Yunnan 650224, China; Soil and Water Sciences Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, United States
| | - Letuzia M de Oliveira
- Soil and Water Sciences Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, United States
| | - Ann C Wilkie
- Soil and Water Sciences Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, United States
| | - Yungen Liu
- Research Institute of Rural Sewage Treatment, South West Forestry University, Yunnan 650224, China.
| | - Lena Q Ma
- Research Institute of Rural Sewage Treatment, South West Forestry University, Yunnan 650224, China; Soil and Water Sciences Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, United States.
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17
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Jia Y, Wang L, Ma L, Yang Z. Speciation analysis of six arsenic species in marketed shellfish: Extraction optimization and health risk assessment. Food Chem 2017; 244:311-316. [PMID: 29120787 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2017.10.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2017] [Revised: 09/26/2017] [Accepted: 10/10/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
A comparative study between microwave assisted and sonication methods was carried out to extract arsenic (As) species in shellfish samples using different extractants. Six As species including arsenite [As(III)], arsenate [As(V)], monomethylarsonic acid (MMA), dimethylarsinic acid (DMA), arsenobetaine (AsB) and arsenocholine (AsC) were simultaneously separated and determined by the HPLC-ICP-MS method. The microwave assisted method exhibited higher efficiency than sonication, especially using diluted HNO3 as extractant. By compromising extraction efficiency, pretreatment time and stability of As species, the microwave assisted method using 1% HNO3 at 100°C for 1.5h was selected to extract As from real samples. The proposed method has been applied to extract and determine As species in shellfish samples. The result of correlation analysis indicated that the proportion of AsB in the shellfish samples was decreased with total As concentration increasing due to the biotransformation threshold from inorganic As to AsB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuyu Jia
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Lin Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China; Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Efficient and Clean Utilization of Manganese Resources, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China.
| | - Li Ma
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Zhaoguang Yang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China; Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Efficient and Clean Utilization of Manganese Resources, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China; Center for Environment and Water Resources, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China.
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18
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Ma L, Yang Z, Kong Q, Wang L. Extraction and determination of arsenic species in leafy vegetables: Method development and application. Food Chem 2017; 217:524-530. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2016.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2016] [Revised: 08/23/2016] [Accepted: 09/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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19
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Narukawa T, Chiba K, Sinaviwat S, Feldmann J. A rapid monitoring method for inorganic arsenic in rice flour using reversed phase-high performance liquid chromatography-inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2017; 1479:129-136. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2016.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2016] [Revised: 11/30/2016] [Accepted: 12/01/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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20
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Llorente-Mirandes T, Rubio R, López-Sánchez JF. Inorganic Arsenic Determination in Food: A Review of Analytical Proposals and Quality Assessment Over the Last Six Years. APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY 2017; 71:25-69. [PMID: 28033722 DOI: 10.1177/0003702816652374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Here we review recent developments in analytical proposals for the assessment of inorganic arsenic (iAs) content in food products. Interest in the determination of iAs in products for human consumption such as food commodities, wine, and seaweed among others is fueled by the wide recognition of its toxic effects on humans, even at low concentrations. Currently, the need for robust and reliable analytical methods is recognized by various international safety and health agencies, and by organizations in charge of establishing acceptable tolerance levels of iAs in food. This review summarizes the state of the art of analytical methods while highlighting tools for the assessment of quality assessment of the results, such as the production and evaluation of certified reference materials (CRMs) and the availability of specific proficiency testing (PT) programmes. Because the number of studies dedicated to the subject of this review has increased considerably over recent years, the sources consulted and cited here are limited to those from 2010 to the end of 2015.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Roser Rubio
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Barcelona, Spain
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21
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Optimization of arsenic extraction in rice samples by Plackett–Burman design and response surface methodology. Food Chem 2016; 204:283-288. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2016.02.126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2015] [Revised: 02/15/2016] [Accepted: 02/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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22
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Qu H, Mudalige TK, Linder SW. Arsenic speciation in rice by capillary electrophoresis/inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry: enzyme-assisted water-phase microwave digestion. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2015; 63:3153-3160. [PMID: 25751525 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.5b00446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We report an analytical methodology for the quantification of common arsenic species in rice and rice cereal using capillary electrophoresis coupled with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (CE-ICPMS). An enzyme (i.e., α-amylase)-assisted water-phase microwave extraction procedure was used to extract four common arsenic species, including dimethylarsinic acid (DMA), monomethylarsonic acid (MMA), arsenite [As(III)], and arsenate [As(V)] from the rice matrices. The addition of the enzyme α-amylase during the extraction process was necessary to reduce the sample viscosity, which subsequently increased the injection volume and enhanced the signal response. o-Arsanilic acid (o-ASA) was added to the sample solution as a mobility marker and internal standard. The obtained repeatability [i.e., relative standard deviation (RSD %)] of the four arsenic analytes of interest was less than 1.23% for elution time and 2.91% for peak area. The detection limits were determined to be 0.15-0.27 ng g(-1). Rice standard reference materials SRM 1568b and CRM 7503-a were used to validate this method. The quantitative concentrations of each organic arsenic and summed inorganic arsenic were found within 5% difference of the certified values of the two reference materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiou Qu
- Arkansas Regional Laboratory, Office of Regulatory Affairs, United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA), 3900 NCTR Road, Jefferson, Arkansas 72079, United States
| | - Thilak K Mudalige
- Arkansas Regional Laboratory, Office of Regulatory Affairs, United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA), 3900 NCTR Road, Jefferson, Arkansas 72079, United States
| | - Sean W Linder
- Arkansas Regional Laboratory, Office of Regulatory Affairs, United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA), 3900 NCTR Road, Jefferson, Arkansas 72079, United States
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23
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NARUKAWA T, MATSUMOTO E, NISHIMURA T, HIOKI A. Reversed Phase Column HPLC-ICP-MS Conditions for Arsenic Speciation Analysis of Rice Flour. ANAL SCI 2015; 31:521-7. [DOI: 10.2116/analsci.31.521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tomohiro NARUKAWA
- National Metrology Institute of Japan (NMIJ), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST)
| | | | | | - Akiharu HIOKI
- National Metrology Institute of Japan (NMIJ), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST)
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24
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Alava P, Du Laing G, Tack F, De Ryck T, Van De Wiele T. Westernized diets lower arsenic gastrointestinal bioaccessibility but increase microbial arsenic speciation changes in the colon. CHEMOSPHERE 2015; 119:757-762. [PMID: 25192650 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2014.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2014] [Revised: 07/13/2014] [Accepted: 08/01/2014] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Arsenic (As) is an important contaminant present in food and water. Several studies have indicated that the occurrence of As based skin lesions is significantly different when root and gourd rich diets are consumed compared to meat rich diets. Additionally, urinary As speciation from orally exposed individuals appears to depend on the composition of the diet. These observations imply that diet composition can affect both the bioavailable As fraction as the As speciation in the body. In this study, we used the in vitro gastrointestinal method (IVG) to evaluate how an Asian type diet (fiber rich) and a Western type diet (fat and protein rich), differ in their capability to release inorganic As (iAs(V)) and dimethyl arsinate (DMA(V)) from a rice matrix following gastrointestinal digestion. Moreover, we used a validated dynamic gut simulator to investigate whether diet background affects As metabolism by gut microbiota in a colon environment. An Asian diet background resulted in a larger As bioaccessibility (81.2%) than a Western diet background (63.4%). On the other hand, incubation of As contaminated rice with human colon microbiota in the presence of a Western type diet resulted in a larger amount of hazardous As species - monomethyl arsonite and monomethylmonothio arsonate - to be formed after 48 h. The permeability of these As species (60.5% and 50.5% resp.) across a Caco-2 cell line was significantly higher compared to iAs(V) and DMA(V) (46.5% and 28% resp.). We conclude that dietary background is a crucial parameter to incorporate when predicting bioavailability with bioaccessibility measurements and when assessing health risks from As following oral exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pradeep Alava
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry and Applied Ecochemistry, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Gijs Du Laing
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry and Applied Ecochemistry, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Filip Tack
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry and Applied Ecochemistry, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Tine De Ryck
- Laboratory of experimental cancer research, Department of Radiation Oncology and Experimental Cancer Research, Faculty of medicine and health sciences, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Tom Van De Wiele
- Laboratory of experimental cancer research, Department of Radiation Oncology and Experimental Cancer Research, Faculty of medicine and health sciences, Ghent, Belgium
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25
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Narukawa T, Suzuki T, Inagaki K, Hioki A. Extraction techniques for arsenic species in rice flour and their speciation by HPLC–ICP-MS. Talanta 2014; 130:213-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2014.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2014] [Revised: 06/30/2014] [Accepted: 07/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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26
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Chromatographic separation of arsenic species with pentafluorophenyl column and application to rice. J Chromatogr A 2014; 1354:109-16. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2014.05.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2014] [Revised: 05/28/2014] [Accepted: 05/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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27
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Tongesayi T, Fedick P, Lechner L, Brock C, Le Beau A, Bray C. Daily bioaccessible levels of selected essential but toxic heavy metals from the consumption of non-dietary food sources. Food Chem Toxicol 2013; 62:142-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2013.08.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2013] [Revised: 08/21/2013] [Accepted: 08/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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28
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Juskelis R, Li W, Nelson J, Cappozzo JC. Arsenic speciation in rice cereals for infants. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2013; 61:10670-10676. [PMID: 24079539 DOI: 10.1021/jf401873z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to conduct a survey of arsenic (As) content in rice cereals for infants. The analysis was based on the FDA Elemental Analysis Manual (EAM 4.11). An inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer (ICP-MS) was used to determine total As. Due to the different toxicities of the chemical forms of arsenic, the ICP-MS coupled to a high-performance liquid chromatograph (HPLC) was used to perform As speciation. The total and speciated arsenic was determined in 31 different infant rice cereals sold in U.S. supermarkets. The mass fraction of total inorganic As (iAs; sum of arsenite As(III) and arsenate As(V)) concentrations ranged between 55.5 ± 1.3 and 158.0 ± 6.0 μg/kg. The average total arsenic and iAs concentrations in infant rice cereal were 174.4 and 101.4 μg/kg, respectively. There was no substantial difference in iAs levels between organic and conventional rice cereals. The mixed-grain rice cereal contained the least total (105 μg/kg) and inorganic arsenic (63 μg/kg). The major detected organoarsenical species was dimethylarsinic acid (DMA). Monomethylarsonic acid (MMA) was not detected, or only trace levels were found. Spiked sample percent recoveries for iAs, DMA, and MMA ranged from a low of 97.3% for iAs to a high of 115.0% for DMA. Results for speciated and total As in the National Institute of Standards and Technology standard reference material rice flour (NIST SRM 1568) were in good agreement with certified values. In the NIST SRM 1568 sample (n = 5) repeatability (%RSD) was 2.8% for iAs, 1.7% for DMA and species sum, and 5.3% for the total arsenic by As total method. The average percent mass balance was 99.9 ± 6.3% for the NIST SRM 1568 sample. This study provides new and much needed information on arsenic levels in rice-based infant cereals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rima Juskelis
- Institute for Food Safety and Health, Illinois Institute of Technology , 6502 South Archer Road, Bedford Park, Illinois 60501, United States
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Nookabkaew S, Rangkadilok N, Mahidol C, Promsuk G, Satayavivad J. Determination of arsenic species in rice from Thailand and other Asian countries using simple extraction and HPLC-ICP-MS analysis. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2013; 61:6991-8. [PMID: 23859827 DOI: 10.1021/jf4014873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Human exposure to arsenic (As) via rice consumption is of increasing concern. In the present study, the extraction and HPLC-ICP-MS analysis for As speciation in rice were investigated. A simple extraction with water and digestion with α-amylase followed by the analysis using ion-paring mode HPLC separation was developed. The method showed good extraction efficiencies (generally >80%) and column efficiencies (>90%) for rice samples. The optimization of mobile phase showed well separated peaks of As species. The limits of quantification (LOQ) of As(III), As(V), MMA, and DMA that were calculated based on sample mass were 1.6, 2.0, 2.0, and 1.6 μg kg(-1), respectively. A total of 185 rice samples (various types of rice) collected from different four regions in Thailand and some other Asian countries were analyzed. The total As and inorganic As in rice samples were in the ranges of 22.51-375.39 and 13.89-232.62 μg kg(-1), respectively. The estimated weekly intake of inorganic As from rice by Thai people accounted for 13.91-29.22% of the provisional tolerable weekly intake (PTWI).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumontha Nookabkaew
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Chulabhorn Research Institute (CRI), Laksi, Bangkok 10210, Thailand
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Maher W, Foster S, Krikowa F, Donner E, Lombi E. Measurement of inorganic arsenic species in rice after nitric acid extraction by HPLC-ICPMS: verification using XANES. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2013; 47:5821-5827. [PMID: 23621828 DOI: 10.1021/es304299v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The measurement of As species in rice is normally accomplished by extraction followed by HPLC-ICPMS analysis. This method, however, has not been comprehensively validated by comparing these speciation results with XANES, which does not require sample extraction, due to the challenge of conducting XANES analysis at very low As concentrations. In this study As speciation data using nitric acid extraction/HPLC-ICPMS and XANES are compared to verify the efficacy of using 2% v/v nitric acid extraction and HPLC-ICPMS to measure inorganic As, DMA, and MA in reference rice materials and common rice varieties obtainable in Australia. Total As and As species (As(III), As(V), DMA, and MA) concentrations measured in 8 reference materials were in agreement with published values. XANES analysis was performed on 5 samples having total As concentrations ranging from 0.198 to 0.335 μg g(-1). XANES results gave similar proportions of total As(III), As(V), and DMA to HPLC-ICPMS. XANES was able to distinguish two forms of As(III): As(III) and As(III)GSH. Total As concentrations in rice samples varied from 0.006 to 0.45 μg g(-1) As (n = 47) with a mean ± std of 0.127 ± 0.112 μg g(-1) As with most As present as inorganic species (63 ± 26%). DMA was found in nearly all the rice samples with the majority of samples containing concentrations below 0.05 μg g(-1) As while MA concentrations were negligible (<0.003 μg g(-1) As). Six rice varieties produced in Australia, China, and Spain all had elevated DMA concentrations (0.170-0.399 μg g(-1) As) that were correlated with total As concentrations (r(2) = 0.7518). In conclusion, comparison of As speciation by HPLC-ICPMS and XANES showed that similar As species were detected indicating the appropriateness of using 2% v/v nitric acid for extraction of rice prior to speciation. Common rice varieties obtainable in Australia generally have low As concentrations with most As present as inorganic As.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Maher
- Ecochemistry Laboratory, Institute of Applied Ecology, University of Canberra, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia.
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Abstract
A large number of publications describe the determination of arsenic in “environmental” samples in the broadest sense, a substantial subset of which focus on plant-based foodstuffs. There is a considerable interest in the inorganic arsenic content of food, especially rice, as there is recent evidence that concentrations may be high enough to exceed acceptable risk thresholds. The methodology for the determination of arsenic in rice is critically evaluated and results (a) for a rice flour reference material (National Institute of Standards SRM 1568a, certified only for total arsenic) and (b) a recent proficiency test (run by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre Institute for Reference Materials and Measurement) are examined. Difficulties with this particular analysis may lie in the sample preparation stages, over which there is still disagreement with regard to species stability, though a simple, hot-water extraction may be sufficient. High performance liquid chromatography separations with plasma-source mass spectrometry detection are popular; however, chromatographic separations are often not adequately described, the enhancement effect of carbon-containing species is often overlooked, and the fate of chlorine-containing species, responsible for an isobaric overlap interference, often obscure. Compound-dependent responses, for which there is a plenty of evidence, are almost never acknowledged or discussed.
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Narukawa T, Hioki A, Chiba K. Speciation and monitoring test for inorganic arsenic in white rice flour. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2012; 60:1122-1127. [PMID: 22224477 DOI: 10.1021/jf204240p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
A monitoring test for arsenic species in white rice flour was developed and applied to flours made from 20 samples of polished rice collected from locations all over Japan. The arsenic species in white rice flour made from five samples each of four types of rice were analyzed by HPLC-ICP-MS after a heat-assisted aqueous extraction. The total arsenic and major and minor element concentrations in the white rice flours were measured by ICP-MS and ICP-OES after microwave-assisted digestion. 91 ± 1% of the arsenic in the flours was extractable. Concentrations of arsenite [As(III)], arsenate [As(V)], and dimethylarsinic acid (DMAA) were closely positively correlated with the total arsenic concentrations. The total arsenic concentration in flours made from rice collected around Japan was 0.15 ± 0.07 mg kg(-1) (highest, 0.32 mg kg(-1)), which is very low. It was thus confirmed that the white rice flour samples collected in this experiment were not suffered from noticeable As contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomohiro Narukawa
- Inorganic Analytical Chemistry Division, National Metrology Institute of Japan (NMIJ), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.
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A fully validated method for the determination of arsenic species in rice and infant cereal products. PURE APPL CHEM 2012. [DOI: 10.1351/pac-con-11-09-30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A full validation of inorganic arsenic (iAs), methylarsonic acid (MA), and dimethyl arsinic acid (DMA) in several types of rice and rice-based infant cereals is reported. The analytical method was developed and validated in two laboratories. The extraction of the As species was performed using nitric acid 0.2 % and hydrogen peroxide 1 %, and the coupled system liquid chromatography-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (LCICP-MS) was used for speciation measurements. Detection limit (DL), quantification limit, linearity, precision, trueness, accuracy, selectivity, as well as expanded uncertainty for iAs, MA, and DMA were established. The certified reference materials (CRMs) (NMIJ 7503a, NCS ZC73008, NIST SRM 1568a) were used to check the accuracy. The method was shown to be satisfactory in two proficiency tests (PTs). The broad applicability of the method is shown from the results of analysis of 29 samples including several types of rice, rice products, and infant cereal products. Total As ranged from 40.1 to 323.7 μg As kg–1. From the speciation results, iAs was predominant, and DMA was detected in some samples while MA was not detected in any sample.
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Huang JH, Fecher P, Ilgen G, Hu KN, Yang J. Speciation of arsenite and arsenate in rice grain – Verification of nitric acid based extraction method and mass sample survey. Food Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2011.07.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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OGURI T, YOSHINAGA J, TAO H, NAKAZATO T. Determination of Inorganic Arsenic in a Certified Reference Material of Total Diet Matrix. BUNSEKI KAGAKU 2011. [DOI: 10.2116/bunsekikagaku.60.653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tomoko OGURI
- Department of Environment Studies, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo
| | - Jun YOSHINAGA
- Department of Environment Studies, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo
| | - Hiroaki TAO
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST)
| | - Tetsuya NAKAZATO
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST)
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