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Zhou JR, Kinno S, Kaihara K, Sawai M, Ishida T, Takechi S, Fang J, Nohara T, Yokomizo K. Saponin Esculeoside A and Aglycon Esculeogenin A from Ripe Tomatoes Inhibit Dendritic Cell Function by Attenuation of Toll-like Receptor 4 Signaling. Nutrients 2024; 16:1699. [PMID: 38892635 PMCID: PMC11174994 DOI: 10.3390/nu16111699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Revised: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) can initiate immune response through the presenting antigens to naïve T lymphocytes. Esculeoside A (EsA), a spirosolane glycoside, is reported as a major component in the ripe fruit of tomato. Little is known about the effect of tomato saponin on mice bone marrow-derived DCs. This study revealed that EsA and its aglycon, esculeogenin A (Esg-A), attenuated the phenotypic and functional maturation of murine DCs stimulated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). We found that EsA/Esg-A down-regulated the expression of major histocompatibility complex type II molecules and costimulatory molecule CD86 after LPS stimulation. It was also determined that EsA-/Esg-A-treated DCs were poor stimulators of allogeneic T-cell proliferation and exhibited impaired interleukin-12 and TNF-α production. Additionally, EsA/Esg-A was able to inhibit TLR4-related and p-NFκB signaling pathways. This study shows new insights into the immunopharmacology of EsA/Esg-A, and represents a novel approach to controlling DCs for therapeutic application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Rong Zhou
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sojo University, Kumamoto 860-0082, Japan (S.T.); (J.F.); (T.N.); (K.Y.)
| | - Shigenori Kinno
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sojo University, Kumamoto 860-0082, Japan (S.T.); (J.F.); (T.N.); (K.Y.)
| | - Kenta Kaihara
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sojo University, Kumamoto 860-0082, Japan (S.T.); (J.F.); (T.N.); (K.Y.)
| | - Madoka Sawai
- School of Pharmacy at Fukuoka, International University of Health and Welfare, Fukuoka 831-8501, Japan; (M.S.); (T.I.)
| | - Takumi Ishida
- School of Pharmacy at Fukuoka, International University of Health and Welfare, Fukuoka 831-8501, Japan; (M.S.); (T.I.)
| | - Shinji Takechi
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sojo University, Kumamoto 860-0082, Japan (S.T.); (J.F.); (T.N.); (K.Y.)
| | - Jun Fang
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sojo University, Kumamoto 860-0082, Japan (S.T.); (J.F.); (T.N.); (K.Y.)
| | - Toshihiro Nohara
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sojo University, Kumamoto 860-0082, Japan (S.T.); (J.F.); (T.N.); (K.Y.)
| | - Kazumi Yokomizo
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sojo University, Kumamoto 860-0082, Japan (S.T.); (J.F.); (T.N.); (K.Y.)
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AlTamimi JZ, AlFaris NA, Alshammari GM, Alagal RI, Aljabryn DH, Yahya MA. Esculeoside A alleviates reproductive toxicity in streptozotocin-diabetic rats' s model by activating Nrf2 signaling. Saudi J Biol Sci 2023; 30:103780. [PMID: 37663394 PMCID: PMC10472313 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2023.103780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
This examination studied if Esculeoside A (ESA) alleviates reproductive toxicity in a type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) rat model and if activating Nrf2 underlies this protection. T1DM was established by a single injection of STZ. Aged-matched adult control and STZ-DM rats were administered either the vehicle (5% carboxymethyl cellulose) or ESA (100 mg/kg). An additional group [STZ-DM + ESA (100 mg) + brusatol (2 m/kg] was added. All treatments were conducted for 16 weeks. ESA failed to attenuate weight loss, hyperglycemia, and hypoinsulinemia but significantly attenuated the associated dyslipidemia in STZ-DM rats. In parallel, ESA also enhanced total sperm count, motility, survival, reduced head and tail sperm abnormalities, increased circulatory concentrations of follicular stimulating hormone (FSH), testosterone, and Luteinizing hormone (LH), and stimulated the testicular expression of several steroidogenic enzymes (StAR, CYP11A1, CYP17A1, 3β-HSD1) in STZ-DM rats. These observations were associated with a higher testicular increase in the transcription, protein levels, and nuclear activities of Nrf2 that coincided with a reduction in the total levels of MDA and keap1 and a significant increase in the total levels of some antioxidants such as HO-1, SOD, and GSH. In concomitance, ESA reduced the testicular mRNA and nuclear concentrations of NF-κB and depressed the levels of TNF-α and IL-6. Brusatol prevented all these protective effects of ESA. In conclusion, activation of Nrf2 triggers the protective potential of ESA against reproductive toxicity in STZ-DM rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jozaa Z. AlTamimi
- Department of Physical Sports Sciences, College of Education, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nora A. AlFaris
- Department of Physical Sports Sciences, College of Education, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ghedeir M. Alshammari
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Reham I. Alagal
- Department of Health Sciences, College of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Dalal H. Aljabryn
- Department of Physical Sports Sciences, College of Education, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Abdo Yahya
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
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Ripe Tomato Saponin Esculeoside A and Sapogenol Esculeogenin A Suppress CD4+ T Lymphocyte Activation by Modulation of Th2/Th1/Treg Differentiation. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14102021. [PMID: 35631161 PMCID: PMC9143097 DOI: 10.3390/nu14102021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 05/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
We report that esculeoside A (EsA), a glycoside and a major component in ripe tomato fruit, ameliorated experimental dermatitis in mice. However, the underlying immunologic molecular mechanisms are unknown. The present study examined its underlying immune nutrition mechanism using concanavalin A (ConA)-blast mouse splenocyte primary culture. We found that EsA and its sapogenol esculeogenin A (Esg-A) concentration-dependently suppressed T-lymphoproliferation using CFSE-labeled flow-cytometry and water-soluble tetrazolium (WST) assay. Using ELISA and q-PCR methods, EsA/Esg-A showed profound decreases in T helper 2 (Th2)-relevant interleukin-4 (IL-4) secretion and mRNA expression, and GATA3 expression. Moreover, EsA/Esg-A suppressed CD4+ T-lymphocyte activation by decreasing IL-2 secretion and mRNA expression and CD25+ cell proportion. Further, EsA/Esg-A alleviated Treg suppressive activity by reducing IL-10 secretion, Foxp3 mRNA expression, and cell numbers. We suggest the immune nutrition function by tomato component, and highlight that EsA/Esg-A are capable of reducing CD4+ T-lymphocyte activation via a reduction in Th2-lymphocyte activity by modulation of Th2/Th1/Treg subunit differentiation.
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Delgado-Vargas F, Vega-Álvarez M, Landeros Sánchez A, López-Angulo G, Salazar-Salas NY, Quintero-Soto MF, Pineda-Hidalgo KV, López-Valenzuela JA. Metabolic changes associated with chilling injury tolerance in tomato fruit with hot water pretreatment. J Food Biochem 2022; 46:e14056. [PMID: 34981528 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.14056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Revised: 11/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Hot water treatment (HWT) of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) fruit reduces the symptoms of chilling injury (CI). The aim of this study was to identify metabolites associated with HWT-induced CI tolerance in tomato fruit cv. Imperial. Mature green tomatoes with HWT (42°C/5 min) and control were stored under chilling conditions (5°C/20 days) and then ripened (21°C/7 days). Methanol extracts from pericarp were analyzed for total phenolics (TP), antioxidant activity (AoxA), and metabolic profiling by UPLC-DAD-MS and GC-MS. After cold storage and ripening, HWT fruit showed less CI, higher TP, and AoxA than control. It also showed an increased accumulation of phenolics, sugars, and some alkaloids that may be mediated by azelaic acid, glutamine, and tryptophan. The levels of N-feruloyl putrescine, esculeoside AII, and hydroxy-α-tomatine II were reduced. The better metabolic performance of HWT fruit under cold storage was associated with a higher accumulation of several metabolites (e.g., antioxidants and osmolytes) in ripening fruit. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: The identification of metabolites associated with the reduction of chilling injury (CI) symptoms in HWT tomato fruit extends the understanding of the mechanisms involved in CI tolerance. This information provides targets that could be used to develop strategies for preventing CI (e.g., genetic improvement of tomato, direct application of key metabolites). The application of such strategies will increase the economic value and decrease postharvest losses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Delgado-Vargas
- Posgrado en Ciencia y Tecnología de Alimentos, Facultad de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa, Culiacán, Sinaloa, México
| | - Milton Vega-Álvarez
- Posgrado en Ciencia y Tecnología de Alimentos, Facultad de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa, Culiacán, Sinaloa, México
| | - Alexis Landeros Sánchez
- Posgrado en Ciencia y Tecnología de Alimentos, Facultad de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa, Culiacán, Sinaloa, México
| | - Gabriela López-Angulo
- Posgrado en Ciencia y Tecnología de Alimentos, Facultad de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa, Culiacán, Sinaloa, México
| | - Nancy Y Salazar-Salas
- Posgrado en Ciencia y Tecnología de Alimentos, Facultad de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa, Culiacán, Sinaloa, México
| | - María F Quintero-Soto
- Programa Regional de Posgrado en Biotecnología, Facultad de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa, Culiacán, Sinaloa, México
| | - Karen V Pineda-Hidalgo
- Posgrado en Ciencia y Tecnología de Alimentos, Facultad de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa, Culiacán, Sinaloa, México.,Programa Regional de Posgrado en Biotecnología, Facultad de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa, Culiacán, Sinaloa, México
| | - José A López-Valenzuela
- Posgrado en Ciencia y Tecnología de Alimentos, Facultad de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa, Culiacán, Sinaloa, México.,Programa Regional de Posgrado en Biotecnología, Facultad de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa, Culiacán, Sinaloa, México
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Vats S, Bansal R, Rana N, Kumawat S, Bhatt V, Jadhav P, Kale V, Sathe A, Sonah H, Jugdaohsingh R, Sharma TR, Deshmukh R. Unexplored nutritive potential of tomato to combat global malnutrition. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2020; 62:1003-1034. [PMID: 33086895 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2020.1832954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Tomato, a widely consumed vegetable crop, offers a real potential to combat human nutritional deficiencies. Tomatoes are rich in micronutrients and other bioactive compounds (including vitamins, carotenoids, and minerals) that are known to be essential or beneficial for human health. This review highlights the current state of the art in the molecular understanding of the nutritional aspects, conventional and molecular breeding efforts, and biofortification studies undertaken to improve the nutritional content and quality of tomato. Transcriptomics and metabolomics studies, which offer a deeper understanding of the molecular regulation of the tomato's nutrients, are discussed. The potential uses of the wastes from the tomato processing industry (i.e., the peels and seed extracts) that are particularly rich in oils and proteins are also discussed. Recent advancements with CRISPR/Cas mediated gene-editing technology provide enormous opportunities to enhance the nutritional content of agricultural produces, including tomatoes. In this regard, genome editing efforts with respect to biofortification in the tomato plant are also discussed. The recent technological advancements and knowledge gaps described herein aim to help explore the unexplored nutritional potential of the tomato.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanskriti Vats
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), Mohali, Punjab, India
| | - Ruchi Bansal
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), Mohali, Punjab, India.,Department of Biotechnology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Nitika Rana
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), Mohali, Punjab, India.,Department of Biotechnology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Surbhi Kumawat
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), Mohali, Punjab, India.,Department of Biotechnology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Vacha Bhatt
- Department of Botany, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, MS, India
| | - Pravin Jadhav
- Dr. Panjabrao Deshmukh Krishi Vidyapeeth, Akola, MS, India
| | - Vijay Kale
- Dr. Panjabrao Deshmukh Krishi Vidyapeeth, Akola, MS, India
| | - Atul Sathe
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), Mohali, Punjab, India
| | - Humira Sonah
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), Mohali, Punjab, India
| | - Ravin Jugdaohsingh
- Biomineral Research Group, Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Tilak Raj Sharma
- Division of Crop Science, Indian Council of Agricultural Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Rupesh Deshmukh
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), Mohali, Punjab, India
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Alseekh S, Ofner I, Liu Z, Osorio S, Vallarino J, Last RL, Zamir D, Tohge T, Fernie AR. Quantitative trait loci analysis of seed-specialized metabolites reveals seed-specific flavonols and differential regulation of glycoalkaloid content in tomato. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2020; 103:2007-2024. [PMID: 32538521 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.14879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Revised: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Given the potential health benefits (and adverse effects), of polyphenolic and steroidal glycoalkaloids in the diet there is a growing interest in fully elucidating the genetic control of their levels in foodstuffs. Here we carried out profiling of the specialized metabolites in the seeds of the Solanum pennellii introgression lines identifying 338 putative metabolite quantitative trait loci (mQTL) for flavonoids, steroidal glycoalkaloids and further specialized metabolites. Two putative mQTL for flavonols and one for steroidal glycoalkaloids were cross-validated by evaluation of the metabolite content of recombinants harboring smaller introgression in the corresponding QTL interval or by analysis of lines from an independently derived backcross inbred line population. The steroidal glycoalkaloid mQTL was localized to a chromosomal region spanning 14 genes, including a previously defined steroidal glycoalkaloid gene cluster. The flavonoid mQTL was further validated via the use of transient and stable overexpression of the Solyc12g098600 and Solyc12g096870 genes, which encode seed-specific uridine 5'-diphosphate-glycosyltransferases. The results are discussed in the context of our understanding of the accumulation of polyphenols and steroidal glycoalkaloids, and how this knowledge may be incorporated into breeding strategies aimed at improving nutritional aspects of plants as well as in fortifying them against abiotic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saleh Alseekh
- Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, Potsdam-Golm, 14476, Germany
- Center of Plant Systems Biology and Biotechnology, Plovdiv, 4000, Bulgaria
| | - Itai Ofner
- Faculty of Agriculture, The Robert H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
| | - Zhongyuan Liu
- Horticultural Sciences, Plant Innovation Center, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Sonia Osorio
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Instituto de Hortofruiticultura Subtropical y Mediterranea "La Major" - University of Malaga - Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas (IHSM-UMA-CSIC), Campus de Teatinos, Malaga, 29071, Spain
| | - Jose Vallarino
- Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, Potsdam-Golm, 14476, Germany
| | - Robert L Last
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
- Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Dani Zamir
- Faculty of Agriculture, The Robert H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
| | - Takayuki Tohge
- Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, Potsdam-Golm, 14476, Germany
| | - Alisdair R Fernie
- Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, Potsdam-Golm, 14476, Germany
- Center of Plant Systems Biology and Biotechnology, Plovdiv, 4000, Bulgaria
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Efficacy of Terpenoid in Attenuating Aortic Atherosclerosis in Apolipoprotein-E Deficient Mice: A Meta-Analysis of Animal Studies. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 2019:2931831. [PMID: 31392210 PMCID: PMC6662500 DOI: 10.1155/2019/2931831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Revised: 06/10/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
Background The apolipoprotein E knockout (ApoE -/-) mouse model is well established for the study of terpenoids in the prevention of atherosclerosis. Studies investigating the clinical benefit of terpenoids in humans are scarce. This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluated the effects of terpenoid administration on atherosclerotic lesion area in ApoE -/- mice. Methods A comprehensive literature search using PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library databases was performed to identify studies that assessed the effects of terpenoids on atherosclerosis in ApoE -/- mice. The primary outcome was atherosclerotic lesion area, and study quality was estimated using SYRCLE's risk of bias tool. Results The meta-analysis included 25 studies. Overall, terpenoids significantly reduced atherosclerotic lesion area when compared to vehicle control (P<0.00001; SMD: -0.55; 95% CI: -0.72, -0.39). In terpenoid type and dose subgroup analyses, sesquiterpenoid (P=0.002; SMD -0.93; 95% CI: -1.52, -0.34), diterpenoid (P=0.01; SMD: -0.30; 95% CI: -0.54, -0.06), triterpenoid (P<0.00001; SMD: -0.66; 95% CI: -0.94, -0.39), tetraterpenoid (P<0.0001; SMD: -1.81; 95% CI: -2.70, -0.91), low dose (P=0.0001; SMD: -0.51; 95% CI: -0.76, -0.25), medium dose (P<0.0001; SMD: -0.48; 95% CI: -0.72, -0.24), and high dose (P=0.002; SMD: -1.07; 95% CI: -1.74, -0.40) significantly decreased atherosclerotic lesion area when compared to vehicle control. PROSPERO register number is CRD42019121176. Conclusion Sesquiterpenoid, diterpenoid, triterpenoid, and tetraterpenoid have potential as antiatherosclerotic agents with a wide range of doses. This systematic review provides a reference for research programs aimed at the development of terpenoid-based clinical drugs.
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Moles TM, de Brito Francisco R, Mariotti L, Pompeiano A, Lupini A, Incrocci L, Carmassi G, Scartazza A, Pistelli L, Guglielminetti L, Pardossi A, Sunseri F, Hörtensteiner S, Santelia D. Salinity in Autumn-Winter Season and Fruit Quality of Tomato Landraces. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:1078. [PMID: 31611885 PMCID: PMC6769068 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.01078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Tomato landraces, originated by adaptive responses to local habitats, are considered a valuable resource for many traits of agronomic interest, including fruit nutritional quality. Primary and secondary metabolites are essential determinants of fruit organoleptic quality, and some of them, such as carotenoids and phenolics, have been associated with beneficial proprieties for human health. Landraces' fruit taste and flavour are often preferred by consumers compared to the commercial varieties' ones. In an autumn-winter greenhouse hydroponic experiment, the response of three Southern-Italy tomato landraces (Ciettaicale, Linosa and Corleone) and one commercial cultivar (UC-82B) to different concentrations of sodium chloride (0 mM, 60 mM or 120 mM NaCl) were evaluated. At harvest, no losses in marketable yield were noticed in any of the tested genotypes. However, under salt stress, fresh fruit yield as well as fruit calcium concentration were higher affected in the commercial cultivar than in the landraces. Furthermore, UC-82B showed a trend of decreasing lycopene and total antioxidant capacity with increasing salt concentration, whereas no changes in these parameters were observed in the landraces under 60 mM NaCl. Landraces under 120 mM NaCl accumulated more fructose and glucose in the fruits, while salt did not affect hexoses levels in UC-82B. Ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry analysis revealed differential accumulation of glycoalkaloids, phenolic acids, flavonoids and their derivatives in the fruits of all genotypes under stress. Overall, the investigated Italian landraces showed a different behaviour compared to the commercial variety UC-82B under moderate salinity stress, showing a tolerable compromise between yield and quality attributes. Our results point to the feasible use of tomato landraces as a target to select interesting genetic traits to improve fruit quality under stress conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tommaso Michele Moles
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
- Institute of Integrative Biology, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
- *Correspondence: Tommaso Michele Moles, ; Rita de Brito Francisco, ; Lorenzo Mariotti,
| | - Rita de Brito Francisco
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
- *Correspondence: Tommaso Michele Moles, ; Rita de Brito Francisco, ; Lorenzo Mariotti,
| | - Lorenzo Mariotti
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
- *Correspondence: Tommaso Michele Moles, ; Rita de Brito Francisco, ; Lorenzo Mariotti,
| | - Antonio Pompeiano
- International Clinical Research Centre, St. Anne’s University Hospital, Brno, Czechia
- Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Brno, Czechia
| | - Antonio Lupini
- Department of Agraria, University Mediterranea of Reggio Calabria, Reggio Calabria, Italy
| | - Luca Incrocci
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Giulia Carmassi
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Andrea Scartazza
- Institute of Research on Terrestrial Ecosystems, National Research Council, Pisa, Italy
| | - Laura Pistelli
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Alberto Pardossi
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Francesco Sunseri
- Department of Agraria, University Mediterranea of Reggio Calabria, Reggio Calabria, Italy
| | - Stefan Hörtensteiner
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Diana Santelia
- Institute of Integrative Biology, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
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Zhou JR, Kimura S, Nohara T, Yokomizo K. Competitive Inhibition of Mammalian Hyaluronidase by Tomato Saponin, Esculeoside A. Nat Prod Commun 2018. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x1801301112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Esculeoside A, a glycoside of spirosolane-type, is identified as a major component in ripe tomato fruits. Our previous study showed that esculeoside A inhibited hyaluronidase activity in vitro and ameliorated experimental dermatitis in vivo. The aim of this present study is to investigate the inhibition mode on mammalian hyaluronidase by esculeoside A. Measured by a modified Morgan-Elson method, the present kinetic analysis of the hydrolysis reaction using hyaluronic acid revealed that no significant difference was observed in velocity maximum Vmax, and Michaelis-Menten constant Km was shown as 0.74 mM in the absence of esculeoside A, was increased as 1.32 and 1.98 mM with 3 and 30 μM of esculeoside A, respectively. Thus suggested that the inhibition mode on hyaluronidase by esculeoside A was competitive. This competitive inhibition on hyaluronidase activity may become valuable in the amelioration of mice experimental dermatitis by esculeoside A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Rong Zhou
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sojo University, Kumamoto 860-0082, Japan
| | - Souta Kimura
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sojo University, Kumamoto 860-0082, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Nohara
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sojo University, Kumamoto 860-0082, Japan
| | - Kazumi Yokomizo
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sojo University, Kumamoto 860-0082, Japan
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Yoshikawa Y, Katayanagi Y, Kamiya M, Yamamoto Y, Fukutomi R, Imai S, Miyoshi N, Ohashi N. Tomato saponin supplementation ameliorates the development of experimental arthritis by regulating inflammatory responses. J Funct Foods 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2018.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
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11
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Zhou JR, Kanda Y, Tanaka A, Manabe H, Nohara T, Yokomizo K. Anti-hyaluronidase Activity in Vitro and Amelioration of Mouse Experimental Dermatitis by Tomato Saponin, Esculeoside A. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2016; 64:403-408. [PMID: 26716906 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.5b05320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The increasing incidence of atopic dermatitis during recent decades has prompted the development of safe and effective agents for prevention of atopic diseases. Esculeoside A, a glycoside of spirosolane type, is identified as a major component in ripe tomato fruits. The present study investigated the effects of esculeoside A and its aglycon esculeogenin A on hyaluronidase activity in vitro and antiallergy in experimental dermatitis mice. Esculeogenin A/esculeoside A (esculeogenin A equivalent) with an IC50 of about 2 μM/9 μM dose-dependently inhibited hyaluronidase activity measured by a modified Morgan-Elson method. Oral treatment with esculeoside A 10 mg/kg of experimental dermatitis mice for 4 weeks significantly decreased the skin clinical score to 2.5 without any detectable side effects compared with 6.75 of the control. The scratching frequency of esculeoside A 100 mg/kg application was decreased significantly as 107.5 times compared with 296.67 times of the control. Thus, the present study showed that esculeoside A/esculeogenin A significantly blocks hyaluronidase activity in vitro and that esculeoside A ameliorates mouse experimental dermatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Rong Zhou
- Department of Presymptomatic Medical Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sojo University , Kumamoto 860-0082, Japan
| | - Yurina Kanda
- Department of Presymptomatic Medical Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sojo University , Kumamoto 860-0082, Japan
| | - Anna Tanaka
- Department of Presymptomatic Medical Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sojo University , Kumamoto 860-0082, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Manabe
- Department of Presymptomatic Medical Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sojo University , Kumamoto 860-0082, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Nohara
- Department of Presymptomatic Medical Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sojo University , Kumamoto 860-0082, Japan
| | - Kazumi Yokomizo
- Department of Presymptomatic Medical Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sojo University , Kumamoto 860-0082, Japan
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12
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Tohge T, Fernie AR. Metabolomics-Inspired Insight into Developmental, Environmental and Genetic Aspects of Tomato Fruit Chemical Composition and Quality. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2015; 56:1681-96. [PMID: 26228272 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcv093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2015] [Accepted: 06/12/2015] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Tomato was one of the first plant species to be evaluated using metabolomics and remains one of the best characterized, with tomato fruit being both an important source of nutrition in the human diet and a valuable model system for the development of fleshy fruits. Additionally, given the broad habitat range of members of the tomato clade and the extensive use of exotic germplasm in tomato genetic research, it represents an excellent genetic model system for understanding both metabolism per se and the importance of various metabolites in conferring stress tolerance. This review summarizes technical approaches used to characterize the tomato metabolome to date and details insights into metabolic pathway structure and regulation that have been obtained via analysis of tissue samples taken under different developmental or environmental circumstance as well as following genetic perturbation. Particular attention is paid to compounds of importance for nutrition or the shelf-life of tomatoes. We propose furthermore how metabolomics information can be coupled to the burgeoning wealth of genome sequence data from the tomato clade to enhance further our understanding of (i) the shifts in metabolic regulation occurring during development and (ii) specialization of metabolism within the tomato clade as a consequence of either adaptive evolution or domestication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takayuki Tohge
- Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Alisdair R Fernie
- Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
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Schwahn K, de Souza LP, Fernie AR, Tohge T. Metabolomics-assisted refinement of the pathways of steroidal glycoalkaloid biosynthesis in the tomato clade. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2014; 56:864-75. [PMID: 25109688 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.12274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2014] [Accepted: 08/07/2014] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Steroidal glycoalkaloids (SGAs) are nitrogen-containing secondary metabolites of the Solanum species, which are known to have large chemical and bioactive diversity in nature. While recent effort and development on LC/MS techniques for SGA profiling have elucidated the main pathways of SGA metabolism in tomato, the problem of peak annotation still remains due to the vast diversity of chemical structure and similar on overlapping of chemical formula. Here we provide a case study of peak classification and annotation approach by integration of species and tissue specificities of SGA accumulation for provision of comprehensive pathways of SGA biosynthesis. In order to elucidate natural diversity of SGA biosynthesis, a total of 169 putative SGAs found in eight tomato accessions (Solanum lycopersicum, S. pimpinellifolium, S. cheesmaniae, S. chmielewskii, S. neorickii, S. peruvianum, S. habrochaites, S. pennellii) and four tissue types were used for correlation analysis. The results obtained in this study contribute annotation and classification of SGAs as well as detecting putative novel biosynthetic branch points. As such this represents a novel strategy for peak annotation for plant secondary metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Schwahn
- University of Potsdam, AG Bioinformatics, Institute for Biochemistry and Biology, Karl-Liebknecht-Str 24-25, 14479, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
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14
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Tohge T, Alseekh S, Fernie AR. On the regulation and function of secondary metabolism during fruit development and ripening. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2014; 65:4599-611. [PMID: 24446507 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/ert443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The maturation and development of tomato fruit has received much attention due both to the complexity and intricacy of the changes which occur during this process and to the importance of these fruits as a component of the human diet. Whilst great advances have been made in understanding molecular genetic aspects of fruit development, our knowledge concerning the metabolic shifts underpinning this process remains largely confined to primary metabolism. Conversely, the majority of the metabolites considered to have health benefits are secondary or specialized metabolites. Prior to assessing the role (if any) of these metabolites in tomato fruit development, considerable effort will be required in order to better describe the complement of secondary metabolites in the tomato and to elucidate the metabolic pathways involved in their synthesis and degradation. Advances in tomato secondary metabolism will be reviewed here focusing on the use of metabolomics strategies and, where applicable, the enabling of these strategies by their coupling to information resident in the tomato genome sequence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takayuki Tohge
- Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Muehlenberg 1. Potsdam 14476, Germany
| | - Saleh Alseekh
- Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Muehlenberg 1. Potsdam 14476, Germany
| | - Alisdair R Fernie
- Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Muehlenberg 1. Potsdam 14476, Germany
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