1
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Chen D, Bu X, Xu X, Wang B, Zhang M, Gan Y, Yuan H, Xia X. In-pipette-tip kapok fiber-supported liquid extraction/in-situ derivatization coupled with high-performance liquid chromatography for conveniently determining three furfurals. Food Chem 2023; 415:135788. [PMID: 36854240 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.135788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/27/2023]
Abstract
This study presents an in-pipette-tip kapok fiber-supported liquid extraction/in-situ derivatization (in-pipette-tip KF-SLE-ISD) method for simultaneous enrichment and derivatization of furfurals. Briefly, 3 mg of natural kapok fiber, which was loaded in an assembled pipette-tip, was used to support 12.5 μL of extractant (ethyl acetate/toluene, 75:25, v/v) containing 10 mM 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine. The in-pipette-tip KF-SLE-ISD procedure was conveniently conducted by aspirating/releasing 1 mL of sample solution 10 cycles, allowing simultaneous extraction and derivatization of furfurals. Then, 100 μL of acetonitrile was aspirated/released 5 cycles for elution, 10 μL of which was directly analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography. The limits of quantitation were in ranges of 0.10-0.45 μg/mL. The method showed satisfied linearity (R2 > 0.99), precision (RSD < 8.53%) and relative recovery (90.34-114.71%), which was successfully applied to determine furfurals in various samples (e.g., honeys, juices and glucose injections). The proposed method has the merits of effectiveness, simplicity, low cost, wide availability and ease of automation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; Key Laboratory of Targeting Therapy and Diagnosis for Critical Diseases of Henan Province, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Xinmiao Bu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Xinli Xu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Bin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Targeting Therapy and Diagnosis for Critical Diseases of Henan Province, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Manyu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Targeting Therapy and Diagnosis for Critical Diseases of Henan Province, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Yumei Gan
- Key Laboratory of Targeting Therapy and Diagnosis for Critical Diseases of Henan Province, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Hang Yuan
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
| | - Xu Xia
- Key Laboratory of Targeting Therapy and Diagnosis for Critical Diseases of Henan Province, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
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2
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Liu R, Mao L, Guan Z, Wang C, Xu J, Huang L, Wang P, Xin G, Hu R, Zhang C, Zhao Z, Lin Y, Hu X. Highly sensitive analysis of low-molecular-mass aldehydes in beverages using a hydroxylamine reagent by high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection. Anal Bioanal Chem 2022; 414:5009-5022. [PMID: 35641641 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-022-04132-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2022] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
In this study, a fluorescent reagent, 4-((aminooxy)methyl)-7-hydroxycoumarin (AOHC), was for the first time applied to label the low-molecular-mass aldehydes (LMMAs) through reductive oxyamination reaction to afford single N,O-substituted oxyamine derivatives at room temperatures with derivatization efficiencies as high as 96.8%. In the following high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection analysis, 12 LMMAs, including furfurals, aromatic aldehydes, and aliphatic aldehydes, were baseline-separated on an ODS column and detected with low limits of detection (LODs) (0.2-50 nM), and good precisions (intraday relative standard deviations [RSDs] were 2.40-4.68%, and interday RSDs were 4.65-8.91%). This approach was then adopted to analyze six alcoholic beverages and five dairy products, and nine LMMAs with concentrations in the 0.28-798.16 μM range were successfully detected with excellent accuracies (recoveries were 92.2-106.2%). Finally, the results were statistically analyzed and discussed. The proposed method has several advantages, including high sensitivity, room-temperature labeling, and the avoidance of further extraction and/or enrichment procedures, demonstrating its great utility for monitoring LMMAs in various complex matrices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Liu
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Sciences, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Long Mao
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Sciences, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Zhaobing Guan
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Sciences, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Chengsheng Wang
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Sciences, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Jing Xu
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Sciences, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Lujie Huang
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Sciences, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Peike Wang
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Sciences, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Guolin Xin
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Sciences, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Rui Hu
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Sciences, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Chuyu Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Sciences, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Zihan Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Sciences, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Yawei Lin
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Sciences, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China.
| | - Xiaosong Hu
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Sciences, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China.
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3
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Headspace Solid-Phase Microextraction/Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry for the Determination of 2-Nonenal and Its Application to Body Odor Analysis. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26195739. [PMID: 34641283 PMCID: PMC8510471 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26195739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The odors and emanations released from the human body can provide important information about the health status of individuals and the presence or absence of diseases. Since these components often emanate from the body surface in very small quantities, a simple sampling and sensitive analytical method is required. In this study, we developed a non-invasive analytical method for the measurement of the body odor component 2-nonenal by headspace solid-phase microextraction coupled with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry by selective ion monitoring. Using a StableFlex PDMS/DVB fiber, 2-nonenal was efficiently extracted and enriched by fiber exposition at 50 °C for 45 min and was separated within 10 min using a DB−1 capillary column. Body odor sample was easily collected by gauze wiping. The limit of detection of 2-nonenal collected in gauze was 22 pg (S/N = 3), and the linearity was obtained in the range of 1–50 ng with a correlation coefficient of 0.991. The method successfully analyzed 2-nonenal in skin emissions and secretions and was applied to the analysis of body odor changes in various lifestyles, including the use of cosmetics, food intake, cigarette smoking, and stress load.
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4
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Dennenlöhr J, Thörner S, Rettberg N. Analysis of Hop-Derived Thiols in Beer Using On-Fiber Derivatization in Combination with HS-SPME and GC-MS/MS. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:15036-15047. [PMID: 33274918 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c06305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The quantitation of the hop varietal thiols 4-mercapto-4-methyl-2-pentanone (4MMP), 3-mercapto-1-hexanol (3MH), and 3-mercaptohexylacetate (3MHA) from beer is challenging. This primarily relates to their low concentration (ng/L levels) and their reactivity. Published assays for thiol quantitation from beer include complex and/or time-consuming sample preparation procedures involving manual handling and use reagents that are harmful because they contain mercury. To facilitate thiol analysis from beer, the current article is concerned with the implementation of an automated headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) on-fiber derivatization (OFD) approach using 2,3,4,5,6-pentafluorobenzyl bromide followed by gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS). Optimization of HS-SPME and MRM conditions was based on a central composite design approach. The final OFD-HS-SPME-GC-MS/MS method yielded limits of quantitation below the sensory thresholds of 4MMP, 3MH, and 3MHA. Method validation and application on beers brewed with German, Australian, and US hops, as well as with added fruits displayed excellent method performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Dennenlöhr
- Research Institute for Beer and Beverage Analysis, Versuchs- und Lehranstalt für Brauerei in Berlin (VLB) e.V., Seestr. 13, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Sarah Thörner
- Research Institute for Beer and Beverage Analysis, Versuchs- und Lehranstalt für Brauerei in Berlin (VLB) e.V., Seestr. 13, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Nils Rettberg
- Research Institute for Beer and Beverage Analysis, Versuchs- und Lehranstalt für Brauerei in Berlin (VLB) e.V., Seestr. 13, 13353 Berlin, Germany
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5
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Dennenlöhr J, Thörner S, Maxminer J, Rettberg N. Analysis of Selected Staling Aldehydes in Wort and Beer by GC-EI-MS/MS Using HS-SPME with On-Fiber Derivatization. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF BREWING CHEMISTS 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/03610470.2020.1795478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Dennenlöhr
- Research Institute for Beer and Beverage Analysis, Versuchs– und Lehranstalt für Brauerei in Berlin (VLB) e.V., Berlin, Germany
| | - Sarah Thörner
- Research Institute for Beer and Beverage Analysis, Versuchs– und Lehranstalt für Brauerei in Berlin (VLB) e.V., Berlin, Germany
| | - Jörg Maxminer
- Research Institute for Beer and Beverage Analysis, Versuchs– und Lehranstalt für Brauerei in Berlin (VLB) e.V., Berlin, Germany
| | - Nils Rettberg
- Research Institute for Beer and Beverage Analysis, Versuchs– und Lehranstalt für Brauerei in Berlin (VLB) e.V., Berlin, Germany
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6
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Hernandes KC, Souza-Silva ÉA, Assumpção CF, Zini CA, Welke JE. Validation of an analytical method using HS-SPME-GC/MS-SIM to assess the exposure risk to carbonyl compounds and furan derivatives through beer consumption. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2019; 36:1808-1821. [PMID: 31596176 DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2019.1672897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Compounds with toxic potential may occur in beer, such as carbonyl compounds (acetaldehyde, acrolein, ethyl carbamate [EC] and formaldehyde) and furan derivatives [furfural and furfuryl alcohol (FA)]. The objective of this study was, for the first time, to validate a method based on headspace-solid phase microextraction using a PDMS-overcoated fibre and gas chromatography with mass spectrometric detection in selected ion monitoring mode (HS-SPME-GC/MS-SIM) to investigate target carbonyl compounds and furan derivatives in beers. Analytical curves showed proper linearity with r2 ranging from 0.9731 to 0.9960 for acetaldehyde and EC, respectively. The lowest LOD was found for acetaldehyde (0.03 µg L-1), while the lowest LOQ value (1.0 µg L-1) was found for acetaldehyde and EC, formaldehyde and furfural. Recovery (90% to 105%), intermediate precision and repeatability (lower than 13%), limits of detection and quantification (values below 2.5 μg L-1) showed that the method is suitable to simultaneously quantify these compounds. EC was detected in only two samples (1 lager and 1 ale). Furfural was found in 37% and 82% of ale and lager beers, respectively. Acetaldehyde, acrolein, formaldehyde and FA were detected in all samples. However, acrolein was the only compound found in the commercial samples at a concentration capable of causing health risk. Besides furfural and FA, four other furan-containing compounds (5-methyl-2-furan methanethiol, acetylfuran, 5-methylfurfural and γ-nonalactone) were also found in beers, however, at levels low enough not to impose potential health risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina C Hernandes
- Instituto de Ciência e Tecnologia de Alimentos (ICTA), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Érica A Souza-Silva
- Instituto de Química, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Departamento de Química, Instituto de Ciências Ambientais, Químicas e Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Diadema, Brazil
| | - Carolina F Assumpção
- Instituto de Ciência e Tecnologia de Alimentos (ICTA), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | | | - Juliane E Welke
- Instituto de Ciência e Tecnologia de Alimentos (ICTA), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
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7
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Development and optimization of a HS-SPME-GC-MS methodology to quantify volatile carbonyl compounds in Port wines. Food Chem 2019; 270:518-526. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.07.093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2018] [Revised: 07/12/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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8
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Petrozziello M, Torchio F, Piano F, Giacosa S, Ugliano M, Bosso A, Rolle L. Impact of Increasing Levels of Oxygen Consumption on the Evolution of Color, Phenolic, and Volatile Compounds of Nebbiolo Wines. Front Chem 2018; 6:137. [PMID: 29755971 PMCID: PMC5934423 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2018.00137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the end of the last century, many works have been carried out to verify the effect of controlled oxygen intake on the chemical and organoleptic characteristics of red wines. In spite of the large number of studies on this subject, oxygen remains a cutting-edge research topic in oenology. Oxygen consumption leads to complex and not univocal changes in wine composition, sometimes positive such as color stabilization, softening of mouthfeel, increase of aroma complexity. However, the variability of these effects, which depend both on the oxygenation conditions and the composition of the wine, require more efforts in this research field to effectively manage wine oxygen exposure. The present study is focused on the evolution of the chemical composition of four different Nebbiolo wines, each of them added with 4 different doses of oxygen (7, 14, 21, and 28 mg/L total intake) during the first month of storage. In this perspective, the evolution over time of wine color and polyphenols was studied. Acetaldehyde, glyceraldehyde and glyoxylic acid were quantified by HPLC. These compounds can play a role in wine aging creating condensed colored and stable products involving anthocyanins with or without tannins. Moreover, some volatile aldehydes correlated with oxidized olfactory notes, including methional and (E)-2-alkenals, have been quantified by GC-MS. Overall, during storage a decrease of color intensity, total and free anthocyanins and an increase in polymeric pigments (in particular the contribution to the red color of pigments not-bleachable by SO2 or dTAT%) and some minor aldehydes was observed. Nevertheless, the differences in color parameters between the samples with different doses of oxygen were modest. These evidences were in contrast with an evident and detectable increase of free acetaldehyde content at increasing doses of oxygen measured after 60 days of storage. The effect of oxygen on color and production of SO2 non-bleachable pigments during aging varies with wine composition, with Nebbiolo wines appearing not very reactive in this respect, probably due to their low content in anthocyanins and high content in tannins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maurizio Petrozziello
- Consiglio per la ricerca in agricoltura e l'analisi dell'economia agraria, Centro di Ricerca Viticoltura ed Enologia, Asti, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Torchio
- Istituto di Enologia e Ingegneria Agro-Alimentare, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Piacenza, Italy
| | - Federico Piano
- Consiglio per la ricerca in agricoltura e l'analisi dell'economia agraria, Centro di Ricerca Viticoltura ed Enologia, Asti, Italy
| | - Simone Giacosa
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Forestali e Alimentari, Università degli Studi di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Maurizio Ugliano
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Università di Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Antonella Bosso
- Consiglio per la ricerca in agricoltura e l'analisi dell'economia agraria, Centro di Ricerca Viticoltura ed Enologia, Asti, Italy
| | - Luca Rolle
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Forestali e Alimentari, Università degli Studi di Torino, Turin, Italy
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9
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Zhang A, Guan Z, Cai H, Huang Y, Lin Y, Hu X. Nitrone formation: A new strategy for the derivatization of aldehydes and its application on the determination of furfurals in foods by high performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection. Talanta 2017; 178:834-841. [PMID: 29136902 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2017.10.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2017] [Revised: 10/12/2017] [Accepted: 10/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
A nitrone formation method using a novel fluorescent reagent 4-hydroxylaminopropyl-7-methoxylcoumarin (HAMC) has been developed and applied for the determination of furfurals in foods using high performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection (HPLC-FLD). Furfurals samples were derivatized by HAMC in aqueous condition at room temperature in less than 30min and were subjected to direct HPLC-FLD analysis without extra purification or extraction. Compared with other conventional methods, nitrone formation method produced single chromatographic peak for each analyte, leading to simpler chromatograms and enhancing the overall sensitivity. Low detection limits at sub-nM level (0.08-0.1nM) and high repeatabilities (intra-day RSD ≤ 4.2% and inter-day RSD ≤ 6.7%) were achieved. The linear range of the calibration curve was 0.2-4000nM with good correlation coefficients (R ≥ 0.9989). This method was successfully applied for furfurals determination in food samples, including honey and coffee. The accuracy was satisfactory with recoveries ranging from 89.7% to 106.7% Above all, this pre-column derivatization method is simple, reliable and highly sensitive, providing a promising way for future studies of aldehydes from various sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ao Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Sciences, Wuhan University of Technology, 430070 Wuhan, China
| | - Zhaobing Guan
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Sciences, Wuhan University of Technology, 430070 Wuhan, China
| | - Hongwei Cai
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Sciences, Wuhan University of Technology, 430070 Wuhan, China
| | - Yiyong Huang
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Sciences, Wuhan University of Technology, 430070 Wuhan, China
| | - Yawei Lin
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Sciences, Wuhan University of Technology, 430070 Wuhan, China.
| | - Xiaosong Hu
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Sciences, Wuhan University of Technology, 430070 Wuhan, China.
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10
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Highly sensitive method for aldehydes detection: Application to furfurals analysis in raisin and bovine milk powder. Anal Chim Acta 2017; 987:47-55. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2017.08.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2017] [Revised: 08/13/2017] [Accepted: 08/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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11
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Poole JJ, Grandy JJ, Gómez-Ríos GA, Gionfriddo E, Pawliszyn J. Solid Phase Microextraction On-Fiber Derivatization Using a Stable, Portable, and Reusable Pentafluorophenyl Hydrazine Standard Gas Generating Vial. Anal Chem 2016; 88:6859-66. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.6b01449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Justen J. Poole
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Jonathan J. Grandy
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - German A. Gómez-Ríos
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Emanuela Gionfriddo
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Janusz Pawliszyn
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
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12
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Hecht ES, Oberg AL, Muddiman DC. Optimizing Mass Spectrometry Analyses: A Tailored Review on the Utility of Design of Experiments. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2016; 27:767-85. [PMID: 26951559 PMCID: PMC4841694 DOI: 10.1007/s13361-016-1344-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2015] [Revised: 01/14/2016] [Accepted: 01/16/2016] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Mass spectrometry (MS) has emerged as a tool that can analyze nearly all classes of molecules, with its scope rapidly expanding in the areas of post-translational modifications, MS instrumentation, and many others. Yet integration of novel analyte preparatory and purification methods with existing or novel mass spectrometers can introduce new challenges for MS sensitivity. The mechanisms that govern detection by MS are particularly complex and interdependent, including ionization efficiency, ion suppression, and transmission. Performance of both off-line and MS methods can be optimized separately or, when appropriate, simultaneously through statistical designs, broadly referred to as "design of experiments" (DOE). The following review provides a tutorial-like guide into the selection of DOE for MS experiments, the practices for modeling and optimization of response variables, and the available software tools that support DOE implementation in any laboratory. This review comes 3 years after the latest DOE review (Hibbert DB, 2012), which provided a comprehensive overview on the types of designs available and their statistical construction. Since that time, new classes of DOE, such as the definitive screening design, have emerged and new calls have been made for mass spectrometrists to adopt the practice. Rather than exhaustively cover all possible designs, we have highlighted the three most practical DOE classes available to mass spectrometrists. This review further differentiates itself by providing expert recommendations for experimental setup and defining DOE entirely in the context of three case-studies that highlight the utility of different designs to achieve different goals. A step-by-step tutorial is also provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth S Hecht
- W. M. Keck FTMS Laboratory for Human Health Research, Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - Ann L Oberg
- Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - David C Muddiman
- W. M. Keck FTMS Laboratory for Human Health Research, Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA.
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13
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Rico-Yuste A, González-Vallejo V, Benito-Peña E, de las Casas Engel T, Orellana G, Moreno-Bondi MC. Furfural Determination with Disposable Polymer Films and Smartphone-Based Colorimetry for Beer Freshness Assessment. Anal Chem 2016; 88:3959-66. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.6b00167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Rico-Yuste
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and ‡Department of
Organic Chemistry,
Faculty of Chemistry, Complutense University of Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria
s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Victoria González-Vallejo
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and ‡Department of
Organic Chemistry,
Faculty of Chemistry, Complutense University of Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria
s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Elena Benito-Peña
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and ‡Department of
Organic Chemistry,
Faculty of Chemistry, Complutense University of Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria
s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Tomás de las Casas Engel
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and ‡Department of
Organic Chemistry,
Faculty of Chemistry, Complutense University of Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria
s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Guillermo Orellana
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and ‡Department of
Organic Chemistry,
Faculty of Chemistry, Complutense University of Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria
s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - María Cruz Moreno-Bondi
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and ‡Department of
Organic Chemistry,
Faculty of Chemistry, Complutense University of Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria
s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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14
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Martins C, Brandão T, Almeida A, Rocha SM. Insights on beer volatile profile: Optimization of solid-phase microextraction procedure taking advantage of the comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography structured separation. J Sep Sci 2015; 38:2140-8. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201401388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2014] [Revised: 02/11/2015] [Accepted: 03/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cátia Martins
- Departamento de Química, QOPNA; Universidade de Aveiro; Aveiro Portugal
- Departamento de Biologia, CESAM; Universidade de Aveiro; Aveiro Portugal
| | | | - Adelaide Almeida
- Departamento de Biologia, CESAM; Universidade de Aveiro; Aveiro Portugal
| | - Sílvia M. Rocha
- Departamento de Química, QOPNA; Universidade de Aveiro; Aveiro Portugal
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Fan H, Fan W, Xu Y. Characterization of key odorants in Chinese chixiang aroma-type liquor by gas chromatography-olfactometry, quantitative measurements, aroma recombination, and omission studies. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2015; 63:3660-3668. [PMID: 25797496 DOI: 10.1021/jf506238f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Chixiang aroma-type liquor is extensively welcomed by consumers owing to its typical fatty aroma, particularly in southern China. To our knowledge, no comprehensive characterization of aroma and flavor from chixiang aroma-type liquor has been published. It is still a confused question which components are the most important in characterizing its unique aroma. A total of 56 odorants were identified in chixiang aroma-type liquor by aroma extract dilution analysis (AEDA), and in different quantitative measurements, 34 aroma compounds were further demonstrated as important odorants according to odor activity values (OAVs). Furthermore, this research suggested that the aroma of chixiang aroma-type finished liquor could be successfully reconstituted by mixing 34 aroma compounds in the concentrations measured. Omission experiments further confirmed (E)-2-nonenal as the key odorant and revealed the significance of (E)-2-octenal and 2-phenylethanol for the overall aroma of chixiang aroma-type liquor. 3-(Methylthio)-1-propanol (methionol), diethyl 1,7-heptanedioate (diethyl pimelate), diethyl 1,8-octanedioate (diethyl suberate), and diethyl 1,9-nonanedioate (diethyl azelate), identified as the characteristic aromas of chixiang aroma-type liquor in 1995, had no effects on aroma based on omission/addition experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Fan
- Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition , Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, and Laboratory of Brewing Microbiology and Applied Enzymology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Wenlai Fan
- Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition , Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, and Laboratory of Brewing Microbiology and Applied Enzymology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Yan Xu
- Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition , Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, and Laboratory of Brewing Microbiology and Applied Enzymology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
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Abdulra’uf LB, Tan GH. Multivariate study of parameters in the determination of pesticide residues in apple by headspace solid phase microextraction coupled to gas chromatography–mass spectrometry using experimental factorial design. Food Chem 2013; 141:4344-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2013.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2012] [Revised: 04/30/2013] [Accepted: 07/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Moreira N, Meireles S, Brandão T, de Pinho PG. Optimization of the HS-SPME–GC–IT/MS method using a central composite design for volatile carbonyl compounds determination in beers. Talanta 2013; 117:523-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2013.09.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2013] [Revised: 09/11/2013] [Accepted: 09/18/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Tessini C, Müller N, Mardones C, Meier D, Berg A, von Baer D. Chromatographic approaches for determination of low-molecular mass aldehydes in bio-oil. J Chromatogr A 2012; 1219:154-60. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2011.10.093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2011] [Revised: 10/23/2011] [Accepted: 10/31/2011] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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