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Kim MR, Kim DI, Park SY, Kang HJ, Park SD, Lee JH. The Protective Role of Magnoliae Flos in Preventing Ovotoxicity and Managing Ovarian Function: An In Vitro and In Vivo Study. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6456. [PMID: 38928161 PMCID: PMC11203778 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25126456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2024] [Revised: 05/31/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Magnoliae Flos (MF) is a medicinal herb widely employed in traditional medicine for relieving sinusitis, allergic rhinitis, headaches, and toothaches. Here, we investigated the potential preventive effects of MF extract (MFE) against 4-vinylcyclohexene diepoxide (VCD)-induced ovotoxicity in ovarian cells and a mouse model of premature ovarian insufficiency (POI). The cytoprotective effects of MFE were assessed using CHO-K1 or COV434 cells. In vivo, B6C3F1 female mice were intraperitoneally injected with VCD for two weeks to induce POI, while MFE was orally administered for four weeks, beginning one week before VCD administration. VCD led to a significant decline in the viabilities of CHO-K1 and COV434 cells and triggered excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and apoptosis specifically in CHO-K1 cells. However, pretreatment with MFE effectively prevented VCD-induced cell death and ROS generation, while also activating the Akt signaling pathway. In vivo, MFE increased relative ovary weights, follicle numbers, and serum estradiol and anti-Müllerian hormone levels versus controls under conditions of ovary failure. Collectively, our results demonstrate that MFE has a preventive effect on VCD-induced ovotoxicity through Akt activation. These results suggest that MFE may have the potential to prevent and manage conditions such as POI and diminished ovarian reserve.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi Ra Kim
- College of Korean Medicine, Dongguk University, Goyang 10326, Republic of Korea; (M.R.K.); (D.-I.K.); (S.Y.P.)
| | - Dong-Il Kim
- College of Korean Medicine, Dongguk University, Goyang 10326, Republic of Korea; (M.R.K.); (D.-I.K.); (S.Y.P.)
| | - Sung Yun Park
- College of Korean Medicine, Dongguk University, Goyang 10326, Republic of Korea; (M.R.K.); (D.-I.K.); (S.Y.P.)
| | - Hyo Jin Kang
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, Honam University, Gwangju 62399, Republic of Korea;
| | - Sun-Dong Park
- College of Korean Medicine, Dongguk University, Goyang 10326, Republic of Korea; (M.R.K.); (D.-I.K.); (S.Y.P.)
| | - Ju-Hee Lee
- College of Korean Medicine, Dongguk University, Goyang 10326, Republic of Korea; (M.R.K.); (D.-I.K.); (S.Y.P.)
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Zgórka G, Adamska-Szewczyk A, Baj T. Response Surface Methodology in Optimising the Extraction of Polyphenolic Antioxidants from Flower Buds of Magnolia × soulangeana Soul.-Bod. var. 'Lennei' and Their Detailed Qualitative and Quantitative Profiling. Molecules 2023; 28:6335. [PMID: 37687163 PMCID: PMC10488917 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28176335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
A response surface methodology (RSM) with a central composite design (CCD) was developed to predict and apply the best ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) conditions, including the extraction time, the composition of aqueous-ethanolic extractants, and the solvent-to-plant-material ratio, for obtaining the highest yields of different types of polyphenolic components from the dried flower buds of Magnolia × soulangeana Soul.-Bod. var. 'Lennei' (MSL). The novel approach in the RSM procedure resulted from the simultaneous optimisation of UAE conditions to obtain extracts with the highest antioxidant and antiradical potential (examined as dependent variables), using appropriate spectrophotometric assays, with Folin-Ciocâlteu and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl reagents, respectively. The use of 66.8% (V/V) ethanol as the extraction solvent during the 55.2 min extraction protocol and the ratio of extractant volume to herbal substance of 46.8 mL/g gave the highest total yield of bioactive antioxidant phenolics in the extract obtained. For this herbal preparation, a qualitative and quantitative analysis was performed using combined chromatographic (LC), spectroscopic (PDA), and tandem mass spectrometric (ESI-QToF-MS/MS) techniques. A detailed phytochemical profiling, conducted for the first time, documented substantial amounts of various polyphenolic antioxidants, especially phenylethanoids and flavonoids, in the MSL flower buds. Their average total content exceeded 30.3 and 36.5 mg/g dry weight, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grażyna Zgórka
- Department of Pharmacognosy with the Medicinal Plant Garden, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, 1 Chodźki Str., 20-093 Lublin, Poland;
| | | | - Tomasz Baj
- Department of Pharmacognosy with the Medicinal Plant Garden, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, 1 Chodźki Str., 20-093 Lublin, Poland;
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Xiao T, Cheng X, Huang J, Guo Z, Tao L, Shen X. Bioactive substances inhibiting COX-2 and cancer cells isolated from the fibrous roots of Alangium chinense (Lour.) Harms. RSC Adv 2023; 13:3346-3363. [PMID: 36756416 PMCID: PMC9891086 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra06931h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Alangium chinense has been used as a traditional folk medicine for centuries to treat rheumatism, skin diseases, and diabetes by the people of Southeast Asia. However, the bioactive constituents inhibiting COX-2 and cancer cells (HepG2, Caco-2, HeLa) remain unclear. In this study one new (14) along with twenty-four known compounds (1-13, 15-25) were isolated from the fibrous roots of Alangium chinense by chromatographic methods, and identified by NMR, and Gaussian and CD calculation. Compounds 1, 2, 13, 16, 17, 19, 20, 23, and 24 were isolated from this plant for the first time. Their inhibition effects on COX-2 enzyme and cancer cells were evaluated by MTT assay. Compounds 1-4, 13-14, and 16-18 can be used as good inhibitors against COX-2 enzyme, and compounds 1, 13, 14, and 17 were stronger than the positive control (celecoxib). In addition, molecular docking suggested that compounds 13, 17, and 18 belong to ellagic acids and have good inhibition against COX-2 enzyme. While compounds 1, 5, 13 and 21 showed cytotoxicity against HepG2 cells, compounds 2 and 21 showed cytotoxicity against Caco-2 cells, and compound 20 showed cytotoxicity against HeLa cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Xiao
- The State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants the Department of Pharmaceutic Preparation of Chinse Medicine, The High Educational Key Laboratory of Guizhou Province for Natural Medicinal Pharmacology and Druggability, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University Guiyang 550025 China .,The Key Laboratory of Optimal Utilization of Natural Medicine Resources, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, University Town Guian New District Guizhou China +86-851-88416149 +86-851-88416149
| | - Xingyan Cheng
- The State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants the Department of Pharmaceutic Preparation of Chinse Medicine, The High Educational Key Laboratory of Guizhou Province for Natural Medicinal Pharmacology and Druggability, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University Guiyang 550025 China .,The Key Laboratory of Optimal Utilization of Natural Medicine Resources, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, University Town Guian New District Guizhou China +86-851-88416149 +86-851-88416149
| | - Jiaoyan Huang
- The State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants the Department of Pharmaceutic Preparation of Chinse Medicine, The High Educational Key Laboratory of Guizhou Province for Natural Medicinal Pharmacology and Druggability, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University Guiyang 550025 China .,The Key Laboratory of Optimal Utilization of Natural Medicine Resources, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, University Town Guian New District Guizhou China +86-851-88416149 +86-851-88416149
| | - Zhenghong Guo
- School of Pharmacy, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, University Town Guian New District Guiyang 550025 China +86-851-88308060 +86-851-88308060
| | - Ling Tao
- The State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants the Department of Pharmaceutic Preparation of Chinse Medicine, The High Educational Key Laboratory of Guizhou Province for Natural Medicinal Pharmacology and Druggability, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University Guiyang 550025 China .,The Key Laboratory of Optimal Utilization of Natural Medicine Resources, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, University Town Guian New District Guizhou China +86-851-88416149 +86-851-88416149
| | - Xiangchun Shen
- The State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants the Department of Pharmaceutic Preparation of Chinse Medicine, The High Educational Key Laboratory of Guizhou Province for Natural Medicinal Pharmacology and Druggability, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University Guiyang 550025 China .,The Key Laboratory of Optimal Utilization of Natural Medicine Resources, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, University Town Guian New District Guizhou China +86-851-88416149 +86-851-88416149
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Uto T, Tung NH, Ohta T, Shoyama Y. (+)-Magnolin Enhances Melanogenesis in Melanoma Cells and Three-Dimensional Human Skin Equivalent; Involvement of PKA and p38 MAPK Signaling Pathways. PLANTA MEDICA 2022; 88:1199-1208. [PMID: 35211932 DOI: 10.1055/a-1740-7325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Magnoliae Flos is a traditional herbal medicine used to treat nasal congestion associated with headache, empyema, and allergic rhinitis. In our preliminary screening of crude drugs used in Japanese Kampo formulas for melanin synthesis, the methanol extract of Magnoliae Flos was found to exhibit strong melanin synthesis activity. However, there have been no studies evaluating the effects of Magnoliae Flos or its constituents on melanogenesis. The present study aimed to isolate the active compounds from Magnoliae Flos that activate melanin synthesis in melanoma cells and three-dimensional human skin equivalent, and to investigate the molecular mechanism underlying melanin induction. The methanol extract of Magnoliae Flos induced an increase of melanin content in both B16-F1 and HMV-II cells. A comparison of melanin induction by three fractions prepared from the extract showed that the ethyl acetate fraction markedly induced melanin synthesis. Bioassay-guided separation of the ethyl acetate fraction resulted in the isolation of seven lignans (1: - 7: ). Among them, (+)-magnolin (5: ) strongly induced melanin synthesis and intracellular tyrosinase activity. Furthermore, the ethyl acetate fraction and 5: clearly induced melanin content in a three-dimensional human skin equivalent. Molecular analysis revealed that 5: triggered the protein expression of tyrosinase, tyrosinase-related protein-1, and tyrosinase-related protein-2. Further analysis of transcriptional factors and signaling pathways demonstrated that 5: induces the protein expression of tyrosinase, tyrosinase-related protein-1, and tyrosinase-related protein-2 activated by the protein kinase A- and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase-dependent pathways, leading to cAMP-responsive element-binding protein phosphorylation and microphthalmia-associated transcription factor expression. These findings demonstrate the potential of 5: as a potent therapeutic agent for hypopigmentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuhiro Uto
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagasaki International University, Sasebo, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Nguyen Huu Tung
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagasaki International University, Sasebo, Nagasaki, Japan
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Phenikaa University, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Tomoe Ohta
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagasaki International University, Sasebo, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Yukihiro Shoyama
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagasaki International University, Sasebo, Nagasaki, Japan
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Borah AK, Sharma P, Singh A, Kalita KJ, Saha S, Chandra Borah J. Adipose and non-adipose perspectives of plant derived natural compounds for mitigation of obesity. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 280:114410. [PMID: 34273447 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Phyto-preparations and phyto-compounds, by their natural origin, easy availability, cost-effectiveness, and fruitful traditional uses based on accumulated experiences, have been extensively explored to mitigate the global burden of obesity. AIM OF THIS REVIEW The review aimed to analyse and critically summarize the prospect of future anti-obesity drug leads from the extant array of phytochemicals for mitigation of obesity, using adipose related targets (adipocyte formation, lipid metabolism, and thermogenesis) and non-adipose targets (hepatic lipid metabolism, appetite, satiety, and pancreatic lipase activity). Phytochemicals as inhibitors of adipocyte differentiation, modulators of lipid metabolism, and thermogenic activators of adipocytes are specifically discussed with their non-adipose anti-obesogenic targets. MATERIALS AND METHODS PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus, and SciFinder were accessed to collect data on traditional medicinal plants, compounds derived from plants, their reported anti-obesity mechanisms, and therapeutic targets. The taxonomically accepted name of each plant in this review has been vetted from "The Plant List" (www.theplantlist.org) or MPNS (http://mpns.kew.org). RESULTS Available knowledge of a large number of phytochemicals, across a range of adipose and non-adipose targets, has been critically analysed and delineated by graphical and tabular depictions, towards mitigation of obesity. Neuro-endocrinal modulation in non-adipose targets brought into sharp dual focus, both non-adipose and adipose targets as the future of anti-obesity research. Numerous phytochemicals (Berberine, Xanthohumol, Ursolic acid, Guggulsterone, Tannic acid, etc.) have been found to be effectively reducing weight through lowered adipocyte formation, increased lipolysis, decreased lipogenesis, and enhanced thermogenesis. They have been affirmed as potential anti-obesity drugs of future because of their effectiveness yet having no threat to adipose or systemic insulin sensitivity. CONCLUSION Due to high molecular diversity and a greater ratio of benefit to risk, plant derived compounds hold high therapeutic potential to tackle obesity and associated risks. This review has been able to generate fresh perspectives on the anti-diabetic/anti-hyperglycemic/anti-obesity effect of phytochemicals. It has also brought into the focus that many phytochemicals demonstrating in vitro anti-obesogenic effects are yet to undergo in vivo investigation which could lead to potential phyto-molecules for dedicated anti-obesity action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anuj Kumar Borah
- Dept. of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Tezpur University, Napaam, Tezpur, 784028, Assam, India
| | - Pranamika Sharma
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Life Sciences Division, Institute of Advanced Study in Science & Technology, Guwahati, 781035, Assam, India
| | - Archana Singh
- Dept. of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Tezpur University, Napaam, Tezpur, 784028, Assam, India
| | - Kangkan Jyoti Kalita
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Life Sciences Division, Institute of Advanced Study in Science & Technology, Guwahati, 781035, Assam, India
| | - Sougata Saha
- Dept. of Biotechnology, NIT Durgapur, West Bengal, 713209, India
| | - Jagat Chandra Borah
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Life Sciences Division, Institute of Advanced Study in Science & Technology, Guwahati, 781035, Assam, India.
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Devecchi A, Demasi S, Saba F, Rosato R, Gambino R, Ponzo V, De Francesco A, Massarenti P, Bo S, Scariot V. Compositional Characteristics and Antioxidant Activity of Edible Rose Flowers and Their Effect on Phenolic Urinary Excretion. POL J FOOD NUTR SCI 2021. [DOI: 10.31883/pjfns/142639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
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7
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Fakhri S, Tomas M, Capanoglu E, Hussain Y, Abbaszadeh F, Lu B, Hu X, Wu J, Zou L, Smeriglio A, Simal-Gandara J, Cao H, Xiao J, Khan H. Antioxidant and anticancer potentials of edible flowers: where do we stand? Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021; 62:8589-8645. [PMID: 34096420 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.1931022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Edible flowers are attracting special therapeutic attention and their administration is on the rise. Edible flowers play pivotal modulatory roles on oxidative stress and related interconnected apoptotic/inflammatory pathways toward the treatment of cancer. In this review, we highlighted the phytochemical content and therapeutic applications of edible flowers, as well as their modulatory potential on the oxidative stress pathways and apoptotic/inflammatory mediators, resulting in anticancer effects. Edible flowers are promising sources of phytochemicals (e.g., phenolic compounds, carotenoids, terpenoids) with several therapeutic effects. They possess anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic, anti-microbial, anti-depressant, anxiolytic, anti-obesity, cardioprotective, and neuroprotective effects. Edible flowers potentially modulate oxidative stress by targeting erythroid nuclear transcription factor-2/extracellular signal-regulated kinase/mitogen-activated protein kinase (Nrf2/ERK/MAPK), reactive oxygen species (ROS), nitric oxide (NO), malondialdehyde (MDA) and antioxidant response elements (AREs). As the interconnected pathways to oxidative stress, inflammatory mediators, including tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB), interleukins (ILs) as well as apoptotic pathways such as Bcl-2-associated X protein (Bax), Bcl-2, caspase and cytochrome C are critical targets of edible flowers in combating cancer. In this regard, edible flowers could play promising anticancer effects by targeting oxidative stress and downstream dysregulated pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajad Fakhri
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Merve Tomas
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Istanbul Sabahattin Zaim University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Esra Capanoglu
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Yaseen Hussain
- Control release drug delivery system, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Fatemeh Abbaszadeh
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medical Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Neurobiology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Baiyi Lu
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Key Laboratory for Agro-Products Nutritional Evaluation of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Postharvest Handling of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Health Food Manufacturing and Quality Control, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaolan Hu
- State Key Laboratory for Quality Research of Chinese Medicines, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macao, China
| | - Jianlin Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Quality Research of Chinese Medicines, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macao, China
| | - Liang Zou
- Key Laboratory of Coarse Cereal Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chengdu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Antonella Smeriglio
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Jesus Simal-Gandara
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Department of Analytical Chemistry and Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Vigo -Ourense Campus, Ourense, Spain
| | - Hui Cao
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Department of Analytical Chemistry and Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Vigo -Ourense Campus, Ourense, Spain
| | - Jianbo Xiao
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Department of Analytical Chemistry and Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Vigo -Ourense Campus, Ourense, Spain.,Institute of Food Safety & Nutrition, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haroon Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan, Pakistan
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Joo YH, Chung N, Lee YK. Anti-obesity effect of fresh and browned Magnolia denudata flowers in a high fat diet murine model. J Funct Foods 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2020.104227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
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Joo YH, Nam MH, Chung N, Lee YK. UPLC-QTOF-MS/MS screening and identification of bioactive compounds in fresh, aged, and browned Magnolia denudata flower extracts. Food Res Int 2020; 133:109192. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2020.109192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Revised: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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10
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Cao Y, Li H, Zhang Y, Wang J, Ren Y, Liu Y, Wang M, He C, Chen X, Zheng X, Feng W. Alkaloids and lignans with acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activity from the flower buds of Magnolia biondii Pamp. NEW J CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0nj01537g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Sixteen compounds, including two new alkaloids and three new lignans, were isolated and their AChE inhibitory activities were evaluated.
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Lu B, Li M, Yin R. Phytochemical Content, Health Benefits, and Toxicology of Common Edible Flowers: A Review (2000-2015). Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2017; 56 Suppl 1:S130-48. [PMID: 26462418 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2015.1078276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Edible flowers contain numerous phytochemicals which contribute to their health benefits, and consumption of edible flowers has increased significantly in recent years. While many researchers have been conducted, no literature review of the health benefits of common edible flowers and their phytochemicals has been compiled. This review aimed to present the findings of research conducted from 2000 to 2015 on the species, traditional application, phytochemicals, health benefits, and the toxicology of common edible flowers. It was found in 15 species of common edible flowers that four flavonols, three flavones, four flavanols, three anthocyanins, three phenolic acids and their derivatives were common phytochemicals and they contributed to the health benefits such as anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, anti-obesity, and neuroprotective effect. Toxicology studies have been conducted to evaluate the safety of common edible flowers and provide information on their dosages and usages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baiyi Lu
- a Zhejiang University, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Fuli Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang R & D Center for Food Technology and Equipment, Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Risk Assessment of Ministry of Agriculture , Hangzhou , China
| | - Maiquan Li
- a Zhejiang University, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Fuli Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang R & D Center for Food Technology and Equipment, Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Risk Assessment of Ministry of Agriculture , Hangzhou , China
| | - Ran Yin
- b Cornell University , Department of Food Science , Ithaca , New York USA
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Yimam M, Jiao P, Hong M, Brownell L, Lee YC, Hyun EJ, Kim HJ, Nam JB, Kim MR, Jia Q. UP601, a standardized botanical composition composed of Morus alba, Yerba mate and Magnolia officinalis for weight loss. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2017; 17:114. [PMID: 28209193 PMCID: PMC5314713 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-017-1627-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2016] [Accepted: 02/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Background The prevalence of obesity is surging in an alarming rate all over the world. Pharmaceutical drugs are considered potential adjunctive therapy to lifestyle modification. However, for most, besides being too expensive, their long term usages are hindered by their severe adverse effects. Here we describe the effect of UP601, a standardized blend of extracts from Morus alba, Yerba mate and Magnolia officinalis, in modulating a number of obesity-related phenotypic and biochemical markers in a high-fat high-fructose (HFF)-induced C57BL/6J mouse model of obesity. Method Adipogenesis activity of the composition was assessed in 3T3-L1 cells in vitro. Effects of UP601 on body weight and metabolic markers were evaluated. It was administered at oral doses of 300 mg/kg, 450 mg/kg and 600 mg/kg for 7 weeks. Orlistat (40 mg/kg/day) was used as a positive control. Body compositions of mice were assessed using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA). Serum biomarkers were measured for liver function and lipid profiling. Relative organ weights were determined. Histopathological analysis was performed for non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) scoring. Results UP601 at 250 μg/ml resulted in 1.8-fold increase in lipolysis. Statistically significant changes in body weight (decreased by 9.1, 19.6 and 25.6% compared to the HFF group at week-7) were observed for mice treated with UP601 at 300, 450 and 600 mg/kg, respectively. Reductions of 9.1, 16.9, and 18.6% in total cholesterol; 45.0, 55.0, 63.6% in triglyceride; 34.8, 37.1 and 41.6% in LDL; 3.2, 21.6 (P = 0.03) and 33.7% (P = 0.005) in serum glucose were observed for UP601 at 300, 450 and 600 mg/kg, respectively. Body fat distribution was found reduced by 31.6 and 17.2% for the 450 mg/kg UP601 and orlistat, respectively, from the DEXA scan analysis. Up to an 89.1% reduction in mesenteric fat deposit was observed for UP601 in relative organ weight. Statistically significant improvements in NASH scores were observed for mice treated with UP601. Conclusion UP601, a standardized botanical composition from Morus alba, Yerba mate and Magnolia officinalis could potentially be used for achieving healthy weight loss and maintenance.
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Yimam M, Jiao P, Hong M, Brownell L, Lee YC, Hyun EJ, Kim HJ, Kim TW, Nam JB, Kim MR, Jia Q. Appetite Suppression and Antiobesity Effect of a Botanical Composition Composed of Morus alba, Yerba mate, and Magnolia officinalis. J Obes 2016; 2016:4670818. [PMID: 27699065 PMCID: PMC5028828 DOI: 10.1155/2016/4670818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2016] [Revised: 07/27/2016] [Accepted: 08/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background. Obesity and its comorbidities continue to challenge the world at an alarming rate. Although the long term solution lies on lifestyle changes in the form of dieting and exercising, drug, medical food, or dietary supplement interventions are required for those who are already obese. Here we describe a standardized blend composed of extracts from three medicinal plants: Morus alba, Yerba mate, and Magnolia officinalis for appetite suppression and metabolic disorders management. Method. Extracts were standardized to yield a composition designated as UP601. Appetite suppression activity was tested in acute feed intake rat model. Efficacy was evaluated in C57BL/6J mouse models treated with oral doses of 1.3 g/kg/day for 7 weeks. Orlistat at 40 mg/kg/day was used as a positive control. Body compositions of mice were assessed using a dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA). ELISA was done for insulin, leptin, and ghrelin level quantitation. Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) scoring was conducted. Results. Marked acute hypophagia with 81.8, 75.3, 43.9, and 30.9% reductions in food intake at 2, 4, 6, and 24 hours were observed for UP601. Decreases in body weight gain (21.5% compared to the HFD at weeks 7 and 8.2% compared to baseline) and calorie intake (40.5% for the first week) were observed. 75.9% and 46.8% reductions in insulin and leptin, respectively, 4.2-fold increase in ghrelin level, and reductions of 18.6% in cholesterol and 59% in low-density lipoprotein were documented. A percentage body fat of 18.9%, 47.8%, 46.1%, and 30.4% was found for mice treated with normal control, HFD, Orlistat, and UP601, respectively. 59.3% less mesenteric fat pad and improved NASH scores were observed for UP601. Conclusion. UP601, a standardized botanical composition from Morus alba, Yerba mate, and Magnolia officinalis could be used as a natural alternative for appetite suppression, maintaining healthy body weight and metabolism management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mesfin Yimam
- Unigen Inc., 3005 1st Avenue Seattle, WA 98121, USA
- *Mesfin Yimam:
| | - Ping Jiao
- Unigen Inc., 3005 1st Avenue Seattle, WA 98121, USA
| | - Mei Hong
- Unigen Inc., 3005 1st Avenue Seattle, WA 98121, USA
| | | | - Young-Chul Lee
- Unigen Inc., No. 450-86, Maebong-Ro, Dongnam-Gu, Cheonan-Si, Chungnam 330-863, Republic of Korea
| | - Eu-Jin Hyun
- Unigen Inc., No. 450-86, Maebong-Ro, Dongnam-Gu, Cheonan-Si, Chungnam 330-863, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Jin Kim
- Unigen Inc., No. 450-86, Maebong-Ro, Dongnam-Gu, Cheonan-Si, Chungnam 330-863, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Woo Kim
- Unigen Inc., No. 450-86, Maebong-Ro, Dongnam-Gu, Cheonan-Si, Chungnam 330-863, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Bum Nam
- Unigen Inc., No. 450-86, Maebong-Ro, Dongnam-Gu, Cheonan-Si, Chungnam 330-863, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi-Ran Kim
- Unigen Inc., No. 450-86, Maebong-Ro, Dongnam-Gu, Cheonan-Si, Chungnam 330-863, Republic of Korea
| | - Qi Jia
- Unigen Inc., 3005 1st Avenue Seattle, WA 98121, USA
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IRAK1 mediates TLR4-induced ABCA1 downregulation and lipid accumulation in VSMCs. Cell Death Dis 2015; 6:e1949. [PMID: 26512959 PMCID: PMC5399175 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2015.212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2015] [Revised: 06/23/2015] [Accepted: 06/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The activation of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) signaling has an important role in promoting lipid accumulation and pro-inflammatory effects in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), which facilitate atherosclerosis development and progression. Previous studies have demonstrated that excess lipid accumulation in VSMCs is due to an inhibition of the expression of ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1), an important molecular mediator of lipid efflux from VSMCs. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms of this process are unclear. The purpose of this study was to disclose the underlying molecular mechanisms of TLR4 signaling in regulating ABCA1 expression. Primary cultured VSMCs were stimulated with 50 μg/ml oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL). We determined that enhancing TLR4 signaling using oxLDL significantly downregulated ABCA1 expression and induced lipid accumulation in VSMCs. However, TLR4 knockout significantly rescued oxLDL-induced ABCA1 downregulation and lipid accumulation. In addition, IL-1R-associated kinase 1 (IRAK1) was involved in the effects of TLR4 signaling on ABCA1 expression and lipid accumulation. Silencing IRAK1 expression using a specific siRNA reversed TLR4-induced ABCA1 downregulation and lipid accumulation in vitro. These results were further confirmed by our in vivo experiments. We determined that enhancing TLR4 signaling by administering a 12-week-long high-fat diet (HFD) to mice significantly increased IRAK1 expression, which downregulated ABCA1 expression and induced lipid accumulation. In addition, TLR4 knockout in vivo reversed the effects of the HFD on IRAK1 and ABCA1 expression, as well as on lipid accumulation. In conclusion, IRAK1 is involved in TLR4-mediated downregulation of ABCA1 expression and lipid accumulation in VSMCs.
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15
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Chung CY, Kuo WL, Hwang TL, Chung MI, Chen JJ. Biphenyl-Type Neolignan Derivatives from the Twigs of Magnolia denudata and Their Anti-Inflammatory Activity. Chem Biodivers 2015; 12:1263-70. [PMID: 26265578 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.201400297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Two new biphenyl-type neolignan derivatives, 2-[2-(hydroxymethyl)-1-benzofuran-5-yl]-4-(prop-2-en-1-yl)phenol (1) and 2'-ethoxy-5,5'-di(prop-2-en-1-yl)biphenyl-2-ol (2), were isolated from the twigs of Magnolia denudata, together with six known compounds (3-8). The structures of 1 and 2 were determined through extensive 1D- and 2D-NMR and mass-spectrometric analyses. Magnolol (6) and honokiol (7) exhibited potent inhibition (IC50 values=4.4±0.2 and 0.71±0.13 μg/ml, resp.) of O$\rm{{_{2}^{{^\cdot} -}}}$ generation by human nutrophils in response to N-formyl-L-methionyl-L-leucyl-L-phenylalanine/cytochalasin B (fMLP/CB). In addition, 2-[2-(hydroxymethyl)-1-benzofuran-5-yl]-4-(prop-2-en-1-yl)phenol (1), 2'-ethoxy-5,5'-di(prop-2-en-1-yl)biphenyl-2-ol (2), magnolol (6), and vanillic acid (8) inhibited fMLP/CB-induced elastase release with IC50 values=6.4±1.5, 2.4±0.4, 1.5±0.2, and 4.8±0.5 μg/ml, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching-Yi Chung
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Lung Kuo
- Chung-Jen Junior College of Nursing, Health Sciences and Management, Chiayi 600, Taiwan
| | - Tsong-Long Hwang
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Ing Chung
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Jih-Jung Chen
- Department of Pharmacy & Graduate Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology, Tajen University, Pingtung 907, Taiwan, (phone: +886-8-7624002 ext. 2827; fax: +886-8-7624002 ext. 5121).
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16
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Peng CY, Liu YQ, Deng YH, Wang YH, Zhou XJ. Lignans from the bark of Zanthoxylum simulans. JOURNAL OF ASIAN NATURAL PRODUCTS RESEARCH 2014; 17:232-238. [PMID: 25379867 DOI: 10.1080/10286020.2014.978303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Investigation on the EtOAc extract of the bark of Zanthoxylum simulans led to the isolation of four new lignans including zanthoxylumin A (1), zanthoxylumin B (2), ( - )-magnolin (3), and ( - )-pinoresinol-di-3,3-dimethylallyl ether (4). Their structures were established by comprehensive analysis of the spectral data, especially 1D and 2D NMR spectra.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cai-Yun Peng
- a College of Pharmacy , Hunan University of Chinese Medicine , Changsha 410208 , China
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17
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Suppressive Effects by Leaves of theDypsis lutescensPalm on Fat Accumulation in 3T3-L1 Cells and Fat Absorption in Mice. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2014; 76:189-92. [DOI: 10.1271/bbb.110574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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18
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Wong CP, Kaneda T, Morita H. Plant natural products as an anti-lipid droplets accumulation agent. J Nat Med 2014; 68:253-66. [PMID: 24550097 PMCID: PMC3948524 DOI: 10.1007/s11418-014-0822-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2014] [Accepted: 01/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Recently people often suffer from unhealthy energy metabolism balance as they tend to take more energy than required. Normally, excess energy taken in is converted into triglyceride and stored in adipocyte as lipid droplets. Recent studies have suggested that irregular accumulation of triglyceride in adipocyte might be a cause of many metabolic diseases. Thus, the awareness of the detrimental effects on health of excessive lipid droplets accumulation (LDA) has urged the development or finding of drugs to counter this effect, including those from botanical origins. This review summarized recent progress in this field from the viewpoint of crude drug studies with references to their anti-LDA activity. Possible mechanisms involved in their anti-LDA effect and isolations of the relevant bioactive compounds were also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chin Piow Wong
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hoshi University, Ebara 2-4-41 Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 142-8501 Japan
| | - Toshio Kaneda
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hoshi University, Ebara 2-4-41 Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 142-8501 Japan
| | - Hiroshi Morita
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hoshi University, Ebara 2-4-41 Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 142-8501 Japan
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Jin M, Kim SR, Yoon SJ, Jeong HH, Kim DK, Cho E, Yang M, Pyo MY. Suppressive effects of fructus of Magnolia denudata on IL-4 and IL-13 expression in T cells. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 2013; 49:805-14. [PMID: 23949779 DOI: 10.1007/s11626-013-9670-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2013] [Accepted: 07/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Magnolia species have been used for the treatment of allergic diseases in Asia as folk medicine; however, the cellular and molecular mechanisms of its anti-allergic effects have rarely been investigated. In this study, we demonstrated that a methanolic extract of the fructus of Magnolia denudata has suppressive effects on Th2 cytokine production such as IL-4 and IL-13, but not IFN-γ and IL-17, produced by both phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate/ionomycin (PI)- and CD3/CD28-stimulated EL-4 T cells. Moreover, the mRNA expression of Th2 cytokines was significantly inhibited, and luciferase activity in cells transiently transfected with IL-4 or IL-13 promoter reporter plasmids was suppressed by M. denudata, indicating that M. denudata may regulate these expression at the transcriptional level. Western blot analysis for transcription factors involved in the cytokine gene expression indicated that the activation of c-Jun was significantly downregulated in the nucleus of cells, while the activations of nuclear factor of activated T cells, nuclear factor kappa B and c-Fos, were not affected. Furthermore, the mRNA expression and nuclear translocation of GATA-binding protein 3, a key transcriptional factor for Th2 commitment and Th2 cytokine expression, but not T-bet and RORγt, were dramatically downregulated by M. denudata. Treatment with M. denudata suppressed the phosphorylation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase; however, the PI-induced phosphorylation of extracellular signal-related kinase and c-Jun N-terminal kinase was unaffected. Taken together, our study indicated that M. denudata inhibited IL-4 and IL-13 expression, possibly through regulation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphorylation and selective transcription factors, such as GATA-3 and c-Jun, in EL-4 T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirim Jin
- College of Korean Medicine, Daejeon University, Daejeon, 300-716, Republic of Korea
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