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Nie RZ, Luo HM, Chen JY, Sun LH, Wang ZB, Zhang ZP, Bao YR. Molecular insights into the interactions of theaflavin and epicatechin with different lipid bilayer membranes by molecular dynamics simulation. Chem Phys Lipids 2024; 262:105405. [PMID: 38795837 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2024.105405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2024] [Revised: 05/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/28/2024]
Abstract
At present, consumers increasingly favored the natural food preservatives with fewer side-effects on health. The green tea catechins and black tea theaflavins attracted considerable interest, and their antibacterial effects were extensively reported in the literature. Epicatechin (EC), a green tea catechin without a gallate moiety, showed no bactericidal activity, whereas the theaflavin (TF), also lacking a gallate moiety, exhibited potent bactericidal activity, and the antibacterial effects of green tea catechins and black tea theaflavins were closely correlated with their abilities to disrupt the bacterial cell membrane. In our present study, the mechanisms of membrane interaction modes and behaviors of TF and EC were explored by molecular dynamics simulations. It was demonstrated that TF exhibited markedly stronger affinity for the POPG bilayer compared to EC. Additionally, the hydrophobic interactions of tropolone/catechol rings with the acyl chain part could significantly contribute to the penetration of TF into the POPG bilayer. It was also found that the resorcinol/pyran rings were the key functional groups in TF for forming hydrogen bonds with the POPG bilayer. We believed that the findings from our current study could offer useful insights to better understand the stronger antibacterial effects of TF compared to EC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong-Zu Nie
- College of Food and Bioengineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou 450001, China; Henan Key Laboratory of Cold Chain Food Quality and Safety Control, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou 450001, China; Key Laboratory of Cold Chain Food Processing and Safety Control, Ministry of Education, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Huo-Min Luo
- College of Food and Bioengineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou 450001, China; Henan Key Laboratory of Cold Chain Food Quality and Safety Control, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou 450001, China; Key Laboratory of Cold Chain Food Processing and Safety Control, Ministry of Education, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Jing-Yu Chen
- College of Food and Bioengineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Li-Heng Sun
- College of Food and Bioengineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Zi-Bo Wang
- College of Food and Bioengineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Zhen-Ping Zhang
- College of Food and Bioengineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Ya-Ru Bao
- Science and Technology Division, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
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Zhang T, Fu M, Yu T, Jiang F, Lyu S, Yang Q, Du Z, Liu X, Liu J, Yu Y. Molecular Interactions Between Egg White Peptides and Giant Unilamellar Vesicle Membranes: Effect of Peptide Localization on Membrane Fluidity. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024. [PMID: 38592417 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c08291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
Bioactive peptides have been shown to affect cell membrane fluidity, which is an important indicator of the cell membrane structure and function. However, the underlying mechanism of egg white-derived bioactive peptide regulation of cell membrane fluidity has not been elucidated yet. The cell membrane fluidity was investigated by giant unilamellar vesicles in the present study. The results showed that peptides TCNW, ADWAK, ESIINF, VPIEGII, LVEEY, and WKLC connect to membranes through intermolecular interactions, such as hydrogen bonding and regulated membrane fluidity, in a concentration-dependent way. In addition, peptides prefer to localize in the hydrophobic core of the bilayers. This study provides a theoretical basis for analyzing the localization of egg white bioactive peptides in specific cell membrane regions and their influence on the cell membrane fluidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Zhang
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Functional Food, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, People's Republic of China
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, People's Republic of China
| | - Menghan Fu
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Functional Food, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, People's Republic of China
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, People's Republic of China
| | - Ting Yu
- Department of Nutrition, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Jiang
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Functional Food, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, People's Republic of China
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, People's Republic of China
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Siwen Lyu
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Functional Food, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, People's Republic of China
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Yang
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Functional Food, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, People's Republic of China
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiyang Du
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Functional Food, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, People's Republic of China
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuanting Liu
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Functional Food, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, People's Republic of China
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingbo Liu
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Functional Food, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, People's Republic of China
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, People's Republic of China
| | - Yiding Yu
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Functional Food, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, People's Republic of China
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, People's Republic of China
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Li F, Zeng K, Ming J. Lowering glycemic levels via gastrointestinal tract factors: the roles of dietary fiber, polyphenols, and their combination. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2023:1-37. [PMID: 37966135 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2023.2278169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2023]
Abstract
Dietary fiber (DF) and polyphenols (DP) are typical blood sugar-lowering components, and both play distinct yet interconnected roles in exerting their blood sugar-lowering effects. We comprehensively summarized the single and combined effects of DF and DP on blood glucose homeostasis through regulating the relevant factors in the upper gastrointestinal tract (UGT) and lower gastrointestinal tract (LGT). In the UGT, DF slowed down glucose metabolism by enhancing digesta viscosity and hindering enzyme-substrate interaction. DP primarily targeted enzymes and substrates. When combined, DP enhanced the adsorption capacity of DF for glucose. DF weakened DP's inhibitory effect on enzymes. Both DF and DP disrupted glucose intestinal uptake via physical or genomic modulation, but the co-consumption of DF and DP demonstrated a lower inhibitory effect on glucose uptake than DP alone. In the LGT, DF and DP showed synergistic or antagonistic effects on gut microbiota. Remarkably, whole foods exhibited potent prebiotic effects due to their compound-rich matrix, potentially enhancing glucose homeostasis and expanding dietary options for glucose regulation research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuhua Li
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
- Research Group Food Chem and Human Nutrition, Department of Food Technology, Safety and Health, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Speciality Food Co-Built by Sichuan and Chongqing, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Kaifang Zeng
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Speciality Food Co-Built by Sichuan and Chongqing, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Ming
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Speciality Food Co-Built by Sichuan and Chongqing, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
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Cui X, Xu L, Qi K, Lan H. Effects of Tea Polyphenols and Theaflavins on Three Oral Cariogenic Bacteria. Molecules 2023; 28:6034. [PMID: 37630286 PMCID: PMC10458778 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28166034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2023] [Revised: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
In order to investigate the antibacterial mechanism of tea polyphenols and theaflavins against oral cariogenic bacteria, the pH value of the culture medium, the number of bacteria adhering to the smooth glass tube wall, and the electrical conductivity value within 10 h were measured, respectively. The effects of four concentrations of tea polyphenols and theaflavins below the MIC value were studied on acid production, adhesion, and electrical conductivity of oral cariogenic bacteria. The live/dead staining method was used to observe the effects of four concentrations of tea polyphenols and theaflavins below the MIC value on the biofilm formation of oral cariogenic bacteria under a laser scanning confocal microscope. With the increase in concentrations of tea polyphenols and theaflavins, the acid production and adhesion of the cariogenic bacteria gradually decreased, and the conductivity gradually increased. However, the conductivity increase was not significant (p < 0.05). Compared with the control group, the 1/2MIC and 1/4MIC tea polyphenols and theaflavins treatments significantly reduced the biomass of the cariogenic biofilm (p < 0.05). The confocal laser scanning microscope showed that the integrated optical density of green fluorescence of the cariogenic biofilm gradually decreased with the increase in agent concentration after the action of tea polyphenols and theaflavins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Cui
- College of Pharmacy, Dali University, Dali 671000, China
- College of Fundamentals and Pharmacy, Yunnan Medical Health College, Anning 650300, China
| | - Lei Xu
- College of Pharmacy, Dali University, Dali 671000, China
| | - Kezhen Qi
- College of Pharmacy, Dali University, Dali 671000, China
| | - Hai Lan
- College of Pharmacy, Dali University, Dali 671000, China
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Budijanto S, Nurtiana W, Muniroh A, Kurniati Y, Nuraida L, Priosoeryanto BP, Annisa Dewi FN, Ardiansyah A, Yuliana ND, Safrida S, Shirakawa H. Dietary supplementation of black rice bran to colon carcinogen-induced mice: Examining the development of colorectal cancer by improving environmental colon conditions. Heliyon 2023; 9:e18528. [PMID: 37576300 PMCID: PMC10415820 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e18528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
This research aims to identify the effects of the administration of a black rice bran diet on colorectal cancer in dextran sodium sulfate and azoxymethane-induced BALB/c mice. The research was conducted on three groups consisting of eight Balb/c mice: two groups were fed with carcinogens, and the third group, referred to as the normal group, was supplied with Isotonic NaCl 0.9% intraperitoneally. One group fed with carcinogens was supplied a standard AIN 1993 M diet modified with black rice bran as a substitute of fibre source, while the other two mice groups were fed the standard diet (AIN-93M) containing cellulose fibre. At the 17th week, all mice were euthanized; their colonic sections were taken for histopathological evaluation, and cecum for short-chain fatty acids concentration, total lactic acid bacteria, pH and β-glucuronidase activity evaluations. The results show an increase in the total lactic acid bacteria and short-chain fatty acids in the mice group fed with rice bran. Consequently, pH value and β-glucuronidase activity had decreased. Histopathological evaluation of mucosal tissue exhibited inhibition of the tumor growth rate in the mice groups fed rice bran compared to the group supplied with the standard diet. Furthermore, the proliferating cell nuclear antigen expression had decreased significantly, while expression of caspase-8 and caspase-3 had increased notably, in the group fed with a rice bran diet. These results suggest that black rice bran can effectively inhibit colon carcinogenesis. The potential of black rice bran as a source of fibre has not been studied in detail regarding the inhibition mechanism of colorectal cancer cells; further investigation in this field could provide valuable information about new strategies to prevent colorectal cancer. This strand of research is very important to developing preventive methods against cancer and promoting the concept of healthy products, including functional foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Slamet Budijanto
- Department of Food Science and Technology, IPB University, Dramaga, Bogor, 16680, Indonesia
| | - Winda Nurtiana
- Department of Food Science and Technology, IPB University, Dramaga, Bogor, 16680, Indonesia
- Department of Food Technology, University of Sultan Ageng Tirtayasa, Raya Jakarta Km 4 Pakupatan, Serang, 42124, Indonesia
| | - Amirotul Muniroh
- Department of Food Science and Technology, IPB University, Dramaga, Bogor, 16680, Indonesia
- Department of Food Technology, University of PGRI Wiranegara, Ki Hajar Dewantara, Pasuruan, 67118, Indonesia
| | - Yeni Kurniati
- Department of Food Science and Technology, IPB University, Dramaga, Bogor, 16680, Indonesia
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Indonesian Tourism Academy, Duren Sawit, Jakarta, 13620, Indonesia
| | - Lilis Nuraida
- Southeast Asian Food and Agricultural Science and Technology (SEAFAST) Center, IPB University, Dramaga, Bogor, 16680, Indonesia
| | - Bambang Pontjo Priosoeryanto
- Department of Veterinary Clinics, Reproduction, and Pathology (CRP), IPB University, Dramaga, Bogor, 16680, Indonesia
| | | | - Ardiansyah Ardiansyah
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Bakrie University, Kawasan Epicentrum, Jakarta, 12920, Indonesia
| | - Nancy Dewi Yuliana
- Department of Food Science and Technology, IPB University, Dramaga, Bogor, 16680, Indonesia
| | - Safrida Safrida
- Department of Public Health, University of Teuku Umar, Meureubo, Meulaboh, 23681, Indonesia
| | - Hitoshi Shirakawa
- Laboratory of Nutrition, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-0845, Japan
- International Education and Research Center for Food Agricultural Immunology, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku Sendai, 980-0845, Japan
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Goswami P, Kalita C, Bhuyan AC. Anticariogenic Activity of Black Tea: An In Vivo Study. Cureus 2023; 15:e38460. [PMID: 37273306 PMCID: PMC10234787 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.38460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prevention of dental caries has always remained a challenge. Caries prevention through dietary intervention holds promise. Studies have revealed that several constituents present in tea have anticariogenic properties. Tea is a widely consumed beverage and hence could be utilized as a suitable caries preventive agent. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of black tea on caries progression in experimental animals. MATERIALS AND METHODS This study was carried out in 17-day-old albino rat pups. The animals were divided into three groups, with eight animals in each group. They were fed on a cariogenic diet (MIT 200) and inoculated with Streptococcus mutans. Group I was given MIT 200 with water, Group II was placed on MIT 200 with black tea, and Group III was placed on MIT 200 with fluoridated water for a period of 45 days. After 45 days, the animals were killed under ether anesthesia, and their teeth were examined for caries. RESULTS The carious lesions were scored for the first two molars in each quadrant. In each group, a total of 64 teeth were examined. The caries score between the upper and lower jaws was compared using ANOVA. CONCLUSION From this study, it may be inferred that drinking black tea reduced the development of dental caries in young rats fed on a cariogenic diet. The tea used for this study was prepared using fluoride-free water, so we can assume that besides fluoride, certain components are present in tea leaves that possess anticariogenic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pinky Goswami
- Department of Dentistry, Lakhimpur Medical College & Hospital, Lakhimpur, IND
| | - Chandana Kalita
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Regional Dental College, Guwahati, IND
| | - A C Bhuyan
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Regional Dental College, Guwahati, IND
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Jia WB, Zhao YQ, Liao SY, Li PW, Zou Y, Chen SX, Chen W, He CL, Du X, Zhu MZ, Xu W. Dynamic changes in the diversity and function of bacterial community during black tea processing. Food Res Int 2022; 161:111856. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2022.111856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Polyphenol Mechanisms against Gastric Cancer and Their Interactions with Gut Microbiota: A Review. Curr Oncol 2022; 29:5247-5261. [PMID: 35892986 PMCID: PMC9332243 DOI: 10.3390/curroncol29080417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The lack of new drugs and resistance to existing drugs are serious problems in gastric cancer(GC) treatment. The research found polyphenols possess anti-Helicobacter pylori(Hp) and antitumor activities and may be used in the research and development of drugs for cancer prevention and treatment. However, polyphenols are affected by their chemical structures and physical properties, which leads to relatively low bioavailability and bioactivity in vivo. The intestinal flora can improve the absorption, utilization, and biological activity of polyphenols, whereas polyphenol compounds can increase the richness of the intestinal flora, reduce the activity of carcinogenic bacteria, stabilize the proportion of core flora, and maintain homeostasis of the intestinal microenvironment. Our review summarizes the gastrointestinal flora-mediated mechanisms of polyphenol against GC.
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Santhiravel S, Bekhit AEDA, Mendis E, Jacobs JL, Dunshea FR, Rajapakse N, Ponnampalam EN. The Impact of Plant Phytochemicals on the Gut Microbiota of Humans for a Balanced Life. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158124. [PMID: 35897699 PMCID: PMC9332059 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The gastrointestinal tract of humans is a complex microbial ecosystem known as gut microbiota. The microbiota is involved in several critical physiological processes such as digestion, absorption, and related physiological functions and plays a crucial role in determining the host’s health. The habitual consumption of specific dietary components can impact beyond their nutritional benefits, altering gut microbiota diversity and function and could manipulate health. Phytochemicals are non-nutrient biologically active plant components that can modify the composition of gut microflora through selective stimulation of proliferation or inhibition of certain microbial communities in the intestine. Plants secrete these components, and they accumulate in the cell wall and cell sap compartments (body) for their development and survival. These compounds have low bioavailability and long time-retention in the intestine due to their poor absorption, resulting in beneficial impacts on gut microbiota population. Feeding diets containing phytochemicals to humans and animals may offer a path to improve the gut microbiome resulting in improved performance and/or health and wellbeing. This review discusses the effects of phytochemicals on the modulation of the gut microbiota environment and the resultant benefits to humans; however, the effect of phytochemicals on the gut microbiota of animals is also covered, in brief.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarusha Santhiravel
- Postgraduate Institute of Agriculture, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya 20400, Sri Lanka
- Department of Biochemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL A1C 5S7, Canada
| | - Alaa El-Din A Bekhit
- Department of Food Sciences, University of Otago, P.O. Box 56, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
| | - Eresha Mendis
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya 20400, Sri Lanka
| | - Joe L Jacobs
- Animal Production Sciences, Agriculture Victoria Research, Department of Jobs, Precincts and Regions, Ellinbank, VIC 3821, Australia
- Centre for Agricultural Innovation, School of Agriculture and Food, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Frank R Dunshea
- School of Agriculture and Food, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Niranjan Rajapakse
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya 20400, Sri Lanka
| | - Eric N Ponnampalam
- Animal Production Sciences, Agriculture Victoria Research, Department of Jobs, Precincts and Regions, Bundoora, VIC 3083, Australia
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Sato J, Tomita A, Sonoda T, Miyamoto T. Theaflavin and its derivatives exert antibacterial action against Bacillus coagulans through adsorption to cell surface phospholipids. J Appl Microbiol 2022; 133:1781-1790. [PMID: 35751484 DOI: 10.1111/jam.15690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To investigate the antibacterial effects of tea theaflavins and catechins against Bacillus coagulans and the underlying mechanism of antibacterial action. METHODS AND RESULTS Bactericidal activities of theaflavin and its analogs were evaluated and compared with that of epigallocatechin gallate. Theaflavin derivatives exhibited high bactericidal activity at 50 μmol L-1 , whereas epigallocatechin gallate did not, even at 500 μmol L-1 . Further, we investigated the adsorption of theaflavins to model phospholipid membranes and corresponding effects on membrane fluidity to reveal their effects on the B. coagulans cell surface. Cell membrane fluidity was decreased after treatment with theaflavin derivatives with one or more galloyl moieties. Quartz-crystal microbalance analysis showed strong affinity of the membrane phosphatidyl glycerol (PG) bilayers for theaflavin derivatives, correlating their bactericidal activity. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that theaflavins could effectively inhibit B. coagulans by decreasing cell membrane fluidity. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT B. coagulans is a spore-forming heat-resistant bacterium responsible for spoilage in low-acidic beverages. Natural antimicrobial components in tea-based beverages are central to reducing microbial contamination and product quality deterioration, although mechanisms underlying their antimicrobial action remain obscure. This study highlights the inhibitory action of theaflavins on B. coagulans and their potential application in food and beverage industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Sato
- Safety Science Research, R&D, Kao Corporation, Ichikai-machi,Haga-gun Tochigi, 321-3497, Japan.,Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Sciences, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Ayumi Tomita
- Safety Science Research, R&D, Kao Corporation, Ichikai-machi,Haga-gun Tochigi, 321-3497, Japan
| | - Takumi Sonoda
- Safety Science Research, R&D, Kao Corporation, Ichikai-machi,Haga-gun Tochigi, 321-3497, Japan
| | - Takahisa Miyamoto
- Division of Food Science & Biotechnology, Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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Wang X, Qi Y, Zheng H. Dietary Polyphenol, Gut Microbiota, and Health Benefits. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11061212. [PMID: 35740109 PMCID: PMC9220293 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11061212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 06/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Polyphenols, which are probably the most important secondary metabolites produced by plants, have attracted tremendous attention due to their health-promoting effects, including their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, anti-adipogenic, and neuro-protective activities, as well as health properties. However, due to their complicated structures and high molecular weights, a large proportion of dietary polyphenols remain unabsorbed along the gastrointestinal tract, while in the large intestine they are biotransformed into bioactive, low-molecular-weight phenolic metabolites through the residing gut microbiota. Dietary polyphenols can modulate the composition of intestinal microbes, and in turn, gut microbes catabolize polyphenols to release bioactive metabolites. To better investigate the health benefits of dietary polyphenols, this review provides a summary of their modulation through in vitro and in vivo evidence (animal models and humans), as well as their possible actions through intestinal barrier function and gut microbes. This review aims to provide a basis for better understanding the relationship between dietary polyphenols, gut microbiota, and host health.
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12
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Maiti S, Banerjee A, Kanwar M. Effects of theaflavin-gallate in-silico binding with different proteins of SARS-CoV-2 and host inflammation and vasoregulations referring an experimental rat-lung injury. PHYTOMEDICINE PLUS : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 2:100237. [PMID: 35403090 PMCID: PMC8820952 DOI: 10.1016/j.phyplu.2022.100237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Background SARS-CoV-2 claimed 5,209,104 lives, infected 260,997,910 individuals, globally. Infection is caused due to exposure or susceptibility; deaths occur due to age,comorbidity,higher-viral-load, immuno-suppression, inflammation, and multi-organ failure. Theaflavin-gallate, the major black tea component, showed previous evidence to inhibit HIV-1. Purpose As theaflavin-gallate prevents experimental rat-lung injury, the study of inhibitory effects of theaflavin-gallate was done, on SARS-CoV-2proteins and various host proteins related to some adverse effects in COVID-19 patients. Study Design Currently, some prospective phytochemical, black-tea (Camellia-sinensis) extract (BTE) was initially tested in vivo in strong oxidant-mutagen arsenic-induced model rat lung injury similar to that of COVID-19 manifestations like severe inflammation, oxidative stress, lung tissue degenerations, and apoptotic death. In silico, extensive bioinformatics and molecular docking experiments were performed on all catechin or theaflavin derivatives of C. sinensis, and finally theaflavin-3'-O-gallate (TFMG) were screened for blocking or inactivation of several proteins of SARS CoV-2 and host adversely-acting proteins or factors. Methods In vivo experiments in DNA stability (ladder, comet assay), free radicals attack (malondialdehyde; MDA, superoxide dismutase SOD, catalase gel-zymogram assay), extra cellular matrix damage (matrix metalloprotease; MMP2and9 zymogram assay) and inflammation (TNF-α, ELISA). In silico experiments- molecular docking by AutoDock-Patchdock analysis, Surface Topology Calculation by CASTp, Grid-value calculation, and Ramachandran Plot study. Results The BTE showed strong protection of lung DNA and cell-matrix by decreasing MMPs, TNF-α, and free radicals, the same factors affecting COVID-19 patients. In silico data suggest that TFMG significantly blocked the entry, exit, and amino acids at catalytic active-site of more than thirty proteins including viral (nsp1,nsp2,Mainpro,∼-9.0 kcal/mol) and host inflammatory, oxidants, apoptotic, vaso-destabilizer molecules (FAS, CD40R, BCL2, TLR2, ∼ -10 and ACE1or2 ∼ -9.0 and AT1or2∼ -7.5 kcal/mol and more). When the binding energy of TFMG ranged from -7 to -11.7 kcal/mol(average -9.0) the same for hydroxy‑Chloroquine ranged (-2.5 to -7 average -4.5) and dexamethasone (-3.0 to -6.0, average -4.0 kcal/mol). Conclusions TFMG has some novel physicochemical or structural properties like (ACE values of binding to all tested proteins, -300 to -625), (for TFMG H-bond acceptor or donor: 15/10, for TFDG 20/13). Their topological-polar-surface-area (264Ų and 351Ų) and travel depth/height; 17.0/9.6 Å and 15.4/11.3 Å, respectively) were more potent than other compounds. Conclusively, the efficacy of TFMG may be further verified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Smarajit Maiti
- Departmentof Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Cell and Molecular Therapeutics Laboratory Oriental Institute of Science and Technology, Midnapore, India
- Agricure Biotech Research Society, Epidemiology and Human Health Division, Midnapore 721101, India
| | - Amrita Banerjee
- Departmentof Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Cell and Molecular Therapeutics Laboratory Oriental Institute of Science and Technology, Midnapore, India
| | - Mehak Kanwar
- Departmentof Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Cell and Molecular Therapeutics Laboratory Oriental Institute of Science and Technology, Midnapore, India
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Nie RZ, Dang MZ, Ge ZZ, Huo YQ, Yu B, Tang SW. Interactions of chlorogenic acid and isochlorogenic acid A with model lipid bilayer membranes: Insights from molecular dynamics simulations. Chem Phys Lipids 2021; 240:105136. [PMID: 34529979 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2021.105136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Revised: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Because of the negative side-effects of synthetic preservatives, the naturally-occurring polyphenols aroused intense interest of researchers. It has been suggested that chlorogenic acid (CA) and isochlorogenic acid A (iso-CAA) were good candidates to replace the synthetic preservatives. Moreover, the bactericidal activity of iso-CAA was stronger than CA, and the anti-bacterial activities of iso-CAA and CA were highly membrane-dependent. However, the mechanisms were still unclear. Therefore, in the present study, we investigated the mechanisms of the interactions between the two polyphenols and lipid bilayers through molecular dynamics simulations. The results revealed that iso-CAA could be inserted much deeper into POPG lipid bilayer than CA. We also found that hydrophobic interactions and hydrogen bonds both contributed to the insertion of iso-CAA into the POPG lipid bilayer, and the quinic acid moiety was the key structure in iso-CAA to form hydrogen bonds with POPG lipid bilayer. We believed that these findings would provide more useful information to explain the stronger bactericidal activity of iso-CAA than CA at the atomic level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong-Zu Nie
- School of Food Science and Technology·School of Chemical Engineering, Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang 441053, China; Food Ingredients Engineering Technology Research Center of Hubei, Xiangyang 441053, China
| | - Mei-Zhu Dang
- School of Energy and Intelligence Engineering, Henan University of Animal Husbandry and Economy, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Zhen-Zhen Ge
- School of Food and Bioengineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Yin-Qiang Huo
- School of Food Science and Technology·School of Chemical Engineering, Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang 441053, China; Food Ingredients Engineering Technology Research Center of Hubei, Xiangyang 441053, China
| | - Bo Yu
- School of Food Science and Technology·School of Chemical Engineering, Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang 441053, China; Food Ingredients Engineering Technology Research Center of Hubei, Xiangyang 441053, China
| | - Shang-Wen Tang
- School of Food Science and Technology·School of Chemical Engineering, Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang 441053, China; Food Ingredients Engineering Technology Research Center of Hubei, Xiangyang 441053, China.
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Banerjee A, Kanwar M, Maiti S. Theaflavin-3'-O-gallate a Black-tea Constituent Blocked SARS CoV-2 RNA dependant RNA Polymerase Active-site with Better Docking Results than Remdesivir. Drug Res (Stuttg) 2021; 71:462-472. [PMID: 34517419 DOI: 10.1055/a-1467-5828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Replication of SARS-CoV-2 depends on viral RNA-dependent RNA-polymerase (RdRp). Remdesivir, the broad-spectrum RdRp inhibitor acts as nucleoside-analogues (NAs). Remdesivir has initially been repurposed as a promising drug against SARS-CoV-2 infection with some health hazards like liver damage, allergic reaction, low blood-pressure, and breathing-shortness, throat-swelling. In comparison, theaflavin-3'-O-gallate (TFMG), the abundant black tea component has gained importance in controlling viral infection. TFMG is a non-toxic, non-invasive, antioxidant, anticancer and antiviral molecule. RESULTS Here, we analyzed the inhibitory effect of theaflavin-3'-O-gallate on SARS CoV-2 RdRp in comparison with remdesivir by molecular-docking study. TFMG has been shown more potent in terms of lower Atomic-Contact-Energy (ACE) and higher occupancy of surface area; -393.97 Kcal/mol and 771.90 respectively, favoured with lower desolvation-energy; -9.2: Kcal/mol. TFMG forms more rigid electrostatic and H-bond than remdesivir. TFMG showed strong affinity to RNA primer and template and RNA passage-site of RdRp. CONCLUSIONS TFMG can block the catalytic residue, NTP entry site, cation binding site, nsp7-nsp12 junction with binding energy of -6. 72 Kcal/mol with Ki value of 11.79, and interface domain with binding energy of -7.72 and -6.16 Kcal/mol with Ki value of 2.21 and 30.71 µM. And most importantly, TFMG shows antioxidant/anti-inflammatory/antiviral effect on human studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amrita Banerjee
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Cell and Molecular Therapeutics Laboratory Oriental Institute of Science and Technology, Midnapore, India
| | - Mehak Kanwar
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Cell and Molecular Therapeutics Laboratory Oriental Institute of Science and Technology, Midnapore, India
| | - Smarajit Maiti
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Cell and Molecular Therapeutics Laboratory Oriental Institute of Science and Technology, Midnapore, India.,Founder and Secretary, Agricure Biotech Research Society, Epidemiology and Human Health Division, Midnapore, India
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Borda‐Yepes VH, Chejne F, Granados DA, Largo E, Rojano B, Raghavan GSV. Microwave‐assisted forced convection drying effect on bioactive compounds of the Canadian blueberry leaves (
Vaccinium corymbosum
). J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.15455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Farid Chejne
- Facultad de Minas Universidad Nacional de Colombia – Medellín Medellín Colombia
| | - David Alejandro Granados
- Facultad de Minas Universidad Nacional de Colombia – Medellín Medellín Colombia
- Facultad de Ingenierias Universidad Católica de Oriente Rionegro Colombia
| | - Esteban Largo
- Facultad de Minas Universidad Nacional de Colombia – Medellín Medellín Colombia
- Dirección de Regionalización sede Caicedonia Universidad del Valle Caicedonia Colombia
| | - Benjamin Rojano
- Facultad de Ciencias Universidad Nacional de Colombia – Medellín Medellín Colombia
| | - G. S. Vijaya Raghavan
- Department of Bioresource Engineering, Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences McGill University Ste‐Anne‐de‐Bellevue QC Canada
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Wang R, Dang M, Zhu W, Li C. Galloyl Group in B-type Proanthocyanidin Dimers Was Responsible for Its Differential Inhibitory Activity on 3T3-L1 Preadipocytes due to the Strong Lipid Raft-Perturbing Potency. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:5216-5225. [PMID: 33891410 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c00364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The effects of three B-type proanthocyanidin (PA) dimers covering procyanidin B2 (B-0g), procyanidin B2 3'-O-gallate (B-1g), and procyanidin B2 3,3'-di-O-gallate (B-2g) on 3T3-L1 preadipocyte differentiation and the underlying mechanisms were investigated. The results showed that digalloylated B-type PA dimers (B-2g) strongly inhibited 3T3-L1 preadipocyte differentiation through disrupting the integrity of the lipid raft structure and inhibiting the expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) and CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein alpha (C/EBPα) and then downregulating the expression of acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) and fatty acid synthase (FAS) factors, followed by B-1g, while B-0g had little effect. The different inhibitory effects were mainly due to the difference in the B-type PA dimer structure and the ability to interfere with lipid rafts. The greater the galloylation degree of B-type PA dimers, the stronger the ability to disrupt the lipid raft structure and oppose 3T3-L1 preadipocyte differentiation. In addition, galloylated B-type PA dimers had greater molecular hydrophobicity and topological polarity surface area and could penetrate into the lipid rafts to form multiple hydrogen bonds with the rafts by molecular dynamics simulation. These findings highlighted that the strong lipid raft-perturbing potency of galloylated B-type PA dimers was responsible for inhibition of 3T3-L1 preadipocyte differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruifeng Wang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Meizhu Dang
- School of Energy and Intelligence Engineering, Henan University of Animal Husbandry and Economy, Zhengzhou, Henan 450000, China
| | - Wei Zhu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Chunmei Li
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Food Science, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhanz 430070, China
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17
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Nie RZ, Dang MZ, Ge ZZ, Huo YQ, Yu B, Tang SW. Influence of the gallate moiety on the interactions between green tea polyphenols and lipid membranes elucidated by molecular dynamics simulations. Biophys Chem 2021; 274:106592. [PMID: 33887572 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpc.2021.106592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 04/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies suggested that naturally occurring EGCG primarily acted on the bacterial cell membrane then damaged the membrane and the gallate moiety in EGCG was very important to its anti-bacterial activity. However, the detailed mechanisms were still poorly understood. In this paper, EGCG and EGC were selected to study the great contribution of gallate moiety on the anti-bacterial activities of polyphenols. The results indicated that EGCG could penetrate deeper into the POPG lipid bilayer and possess more potent structure-perturbing potency on the POPG lipid bilayer than EGC. We also found that EGCG had the ability to form hydrogen bonds with the deeper inside oxygen atoms in the POPG lipid bilayer and the gallate moiety was the key functional group for EGCG forming hydrogen bonds with the POPG lipid bilayer. Moreover, results from the binding free energy analysis demonstrated that the gallate moiety made great contribution to the high affinity between EGCG and the POPG lipid bilayer. We believed that these findings could yield useful insights into the influence mechanisms of gallate moiety on the anti-bacterial activities of polyphenols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong-Zu Nie
- School of Food Science and Technology, School of Chemical Engineering, Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang 441053, China; Food Ingredients Engineering Technology Research Center of Hubei, Xiangyang 441053, China
| | - Mei-Zhu Dang
- School of Energy and Intelligence Engineering, Henan University of Animal Husbandry and Economy, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Zhen-Zhen Ge
- School of Food and Bioengineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Yin-Qiang Huo
- School of Food Science and Technology, School of Chemical Engineering, Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang 441053, China; Food Ingredients Engineering Technology Research Center of Hubei, Xiangyang 441053, China
| | - Bo Yu
- School of Food Science and Technology, School of Chemical Engineering, Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang 441053, China; Food Ingredients Engineering Technology Research Center of Hubei, Xiangyang 441053, China
| | - Shang-Wen Tang
- School of Food Science and Technology, School of Chemical Engineering, Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang 441053, China; Food Ingredients Engineering Technology Research Center of Hubei, Xiangyang 441053, China.
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18
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Deka H, Sarmah PP, Devi A, Tamuly P, Karak T. Changes in major catechins, caffeine, and antioxidant activity during CTC processing of black tea from North East India. RSC Adv 2021; 11:11457-11467. [PMID: 35423631 PMCID: PMC8695946 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra09529j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Tea (Camellia sinensis L.) leaves undergo complex chemical transformations during black tea processing. However, the dynamic chemical changes during tea processing have not been explored in popular cultivars of North East India. In this study, changes in catechins, caffeine, total polyphenol (TP) and formation of theaflavins were examined throughout the different stages of CTC (curl, tear and crush) black tea processing based on UPLC metabolomic analysis along with antioxidant activity for eight cultivars viz. S.3A/3, TV1, TV7, TV9, TV17, TV22, TV23 and TV25. The results demonstrated that the most prolific changes were observed after complete maceration of tea leaves. The total catechin, (-)-epigallocatechin gallate and (-)-epicatechin gallate levels decreased by 96, 97 and 89%, respectively as the processing progressed from fresh leaves to black tea. The TP level decreased by 26 to 37% throughout the processing path. The caffeine content increased by 18% during processing. The total theaflavin reached the highest level at 20 min of fermentation and then decreased by 13 to 36% at 40 min. Cultivar TV23 and S.3A/3 had a high content of total theaflavin with 17.9 and 16.9 mg g-1, respectively. The antioxidant activity was observed to be decreased by 31% for the black tea as compared to fresh leaves. It is also observed that the total phenolic content exerted a greater effect on antioxidant activity rather than catechins and theaflavins. This study provides an insightful observation of black tea processing which will immensely help in improving the quality of processed tea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Himangshu Deka
- Biochemistry Department, Tocklai Tea Research Institute Jorhat 785008 Assam India
| | - Podma Pollov Sarmah
- Biochemistry Department, Tocklai Tea Research Institute Jorhat 785008 Assam India
| | - Arundhuti Devi
- Resource Management and Environment Section, Institute of Advanced Study in Science and Technology Guwahati 781035 Assam India
| | - Pradip Tamuly
- Biochemistry Department, Tocklai Tea Research Institute Jorhat 785008 Assam India
| | - Tanmoy Karak
- Upper Assam Advisory Centre, Tea Research Association Dikom 786101 Assam India
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Mithul Aravind S, Wichienchot S, Tsao R, Ramakrishnan S, Chakkaravarthi S. Role of dietary polyphenols on gut microbiota, their metabolites and health benefits. Food Res Int 2021; 142:110189. [PMID: 33773665 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2021.110189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 52.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The beneficial health roles of dietary polyphenols in preventing oxidative stress related chronic diseases have been subjected to intense investigation over the last two decades. As our understanding of the role of gut microbiota advances our knowledge of the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory functions of polyphenols accumulates, there emerges a need to examine the prebiotic role of dietary polyphenols. This review focused onthe role of different types and sources of dietary polyphenols on the modulation of the gut microbiota, their metabolites and how they impact on host health benefits. Inter-dependence between the gut microbiota and polyphenol metabolites and the vital balance between the two in maintaining the host gut homeostasis were discussed with reference to different types and sources of dietary polyphenols. Similarly, the mechanisms behind the health benefits by various polyphenolic metabolites bio-transformed by gut microbiota were also explained. However, further research should focus on the importance of human trials and profound links of polyphenols-gut microbiota-nerve-brain as they provide the key to unlock the mechanisms behind the observed benefits of dietary polyphenols found in vitro and in vivo studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Mithul Aravind
- Department of Basic and Applied Sciences, National Institute of Food Technology and Entrepreneurship Management, Haryana, India
| | - Santad Wichienchot
- Center of Excellence in Functional Food and Gastronomy, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Prince of Songkla University, Korhong, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90110, Thailand
| | - Rong Tsao
- Guelph Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 93 Stone Road West, Guelph, Ontario N1G 5C9, Canada.
| | - S Ramakrishnan
- Department of Cardiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India
| | - S Chakkaravarthi
- Department of Basic and Applied Sciences, National Institute of Food Technology and Entrepreneurship Management, Haryana, India.
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20
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Zhao Y, Jiang Q. Roles of the Polyphenol-Gut Microbiota Interaction in Alleviating Colitis and Preventing Colitis-Associated Colorectal Cancer. Adv Nutr 2020; 12:546-565. [PMID: 32905583 PMCID: PMC8009754 DOI: 10.1093/advances/nmaa104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2020] [Revised: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence indicates that the gut microbiota can promote or inhibit colonic inflammation and carcinogenesis. Promotion of beneficial gut bacteria is considered a promising strategy to alleviate colonic diseases including colitis and colorectal cancer. Interestingly, dietary polyphenols, which have been shown to attenuate colitis and inhibit colorectal cancer in animal models and some human studies, appear to reach relatively high concentrations in the large intestine and to interact with the gut microbial community. This review summarizes the modulatory effects of polyphenols on the gut microbiota in humans and animals under healthy and diseased conditions including colitis and colitis-associated colorectal cancer (CAC). Existing human and animal studies indicate that polyphenols and polyphenol-rich whole foods are capable of elevating butyrate producers and probiotics that alleviate colitis and inhibit CAC, such as Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium. Studies in colitis and CAC models indicate that polyphenols decrease opportunistic pathogenic or proinflammatory microbes and counteract disease-induced dysbiosis. Consistently, polyphenols also change microbial functions, including increasing butyrate formation. Moreover, polyphenol metabolites produced by the gut microbiota appear to have anticancer and anti-inflammatory activities, protect gut barrier integrity, and mitigate inflammatory conditions in cells and animal models. Based on these results, we conclude that polyphenol-mediated alteration of microbial composition and functions, together with polyphenol metabolites produced by the gut microbiota, likely contribute to the protective effects of polyphenols on colitis and CAC. Future research is needed to validate the causal role of the polyphenol-gut microbiota interaction in polyphenols' anti-colitis and anti-CAC effects, and to further elucidate mechanisms underlying such interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiying Zhao
- Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
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21
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Friedman M, Tam CC, Cheng LW, Land KM. Anti-trichomonad activities of different compounds from foods, marine products, and medicinal plants: a review. BMC Complement Med Ther 2020; 20:271. [PMID: 32907567 PMCID: PMC7479404 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-020-03061-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Human trichomoniasis, caused by the pathogenic parasitic protozoan Trichomonas vaginalis, is the most common non-viral sexually transmitted disease that contributes to reproductive morbidity in affected women and possibly to prostate cancer in men. Tritrichomonas foetus strains cause the disease trichomoniasis in farm animals (cattle, bulls, pigs) and diarrhea in domestic animals (cats and dogs). Because some T. vaginalis strains have become resistant to the widely used drug metronidazole, there is a need to develop alternative treatments, based on safe natural products that have the potential to replace and/or enhance the activity of lower doses of metronidazole. To help meet this need, this overview collates and interprets worldwide reported studies on the efficacy of structurally different classes of food, marine, and medicinal plant extracts and some of their bioactive pure compounds against T. vaginalis and T. foetus in vitro and in infected mice and women. Active food extracts include potato peels and their glycoalkaloids α-chaconine and α-solanine, caffeic and chlorogenic acids, and quercetin; the tomato glycoalkaloid α-tomatine; theaflavin-rich black tea extracts and bioactive theaflavins; plant essential oils and their compounds (+)-α-bisabolol and eugenol; the grape skin compound resveratrol; the kidney bean lectin, marine extracts from algae, seaweeds, and fungi and compounds that are derived from fungi; medicinal extracts and about 30 isolated pure compounds. Also covered are the inactivation of drug-resistant T. vaginalis and T. foetus strains by sensitized light; anti-trichomonad effects in mice and women; beneficial effects of probiotics in women; and mechanisms that govern cell death. The summarized findings will hopefully stimulate additional research, including molecular-mechanism-guided inactivations and human clinical studies, that will help ameliorate adverse effects of pathogenic protozoa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mendel Friedman
- United States Department of Agriculture, Healthy Processed Foods Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, Albany, CA, 94710, USA.
| | - Christina C Tam
- United States Department of Agriculture, Foodborne Toxins Detection and Prevention Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, Albany, California, 94710, USA
| | - Luisa W Cheng
- United States Department of Agriculture, Foodborne Toxins Detection and Prevention Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, Albany, California, 94710, USA
| | - Kirkwood M Land
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of the Pacific, Stockton, CA, 95211, USA
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22
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Leri M, Vasarri M, Palazzi L, Barletta E, Nielsen E, Bucciantini M, Degl'Innocenti D. Maysin plays a protective role against α-Synuclein oligomers cytotoxicity by triggering autophagy activation. Food Chem Toxicol 2020; 144:111626. [PMID: 32738375 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2020.111626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a widespread neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the progressive loss of neurons. The accumulation of aggregated forms of the α-Synuclein (Syn) protein is the main cause of neurotoxicity in PD by disrupting cellular homeostasis until neuronal death. Scientific research is constantly looking for natural products as preventive agents against the progression of several neurodisorders due their safety and non-toxic nature. Neuroprotective phytochemicals include Maysin (Mys), the most abundant C-glycosilflavone in corn silk. In this work, the Mys protective role against damage by Syn amyloid aggregates - oligomers and fibrils - was investigated in SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells obtaining novel and interesting information concerning the Mys molecular mechanism of action. Mys showed effectiveness in preventing the typical toxic events induced by Syn amyloid aggregates, i.e. oxidative stress and imbalance of intracellular calcium homeostasis. Mys exhibited a cytoprotective role, especially against Syn oligomers injury, activating an autophagic degradative process, thus playing a key role on several features of amyloid neurotoxicity. Therefore, Mys could be proposed for the first time to the scientific community as an interesting novel natural compound that might allow to develop alternative strategies to prevent the damage of Syn oligomers involved in Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Leri
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, Viale Morgagni 50, 50134, Florence, Italy; Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, University of Florence, Viale Pieraccini, 6, 50139, Florence, Italy.
| | - Marzia Vasarri
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, Viale Morgagni 50, 50134, Florence, Italy.
| | - Luana Palazzi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, CRIBI Biotechnology Centre, University of Padua, via F. Marzolo 5, 35131, Padua, Italy.
| | - Emanuela Barletta
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, Viale Morgagni 50, 50134, Florence, Italy.
| | - Erik Nielsen
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, via Ferrata 9, 27100, Pavia, Italy.
| | - Monica Bucciantini
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, Viale Morgagni 50, 50134, Florence, Italy.
| | - Donatella Degl'Innocenti
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, Viale Morgagni 50, 50134, Florence, Italy.
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Friedman M, Xu A, Lee R, N. Nguyen D, A. Phan T, M. Hamada S, Panchel R, C. Tam C, H. Kim J, W. Cheng L, M. Land K. The Inhibitory Activity of Anthraquinones against Pathogenic Protozoa, Bacteria, and Fungi and the Relationship to Structure. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25133101. [PMID: 32646028 PMCID: PMC7411742 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25133101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Revised: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant-derived anthraquinones were evaluated in cell assays for their inhibitory activities against the parasitic protozoa Trichomonas vaginalis human strain G3 that causes the sexually transmitted disease trichomoniasis in women, Tritrichomonas foetus bovine strain D1 that causes sexually transmitted diseases in farm animals (bulls, cows, and pigs), Tritrichomonas foetus-like strain C1 that causes diarrhea in domestic animals (cats and dogs), and bacteria and fungi. The anthraquinones assessed for their inhibitory activity were anthraquinone, aloe-emodin (1,8-dihydroxy-3-hydroxymethylanthraquinone), anthrarufin (1,5-dihydroxyanthraquinone), chrysazin (1,8-dihydroxyanthraquinone), emodin (1,3,8-trihydroxy-6-methylanthraquinone), purpurin (1,2,4-trihydroxyanthraquinone), and rhein (1,8-dihydroxy-3-carboxyanthraquinone). Their activities were determined in terms of IC50 values, defined as the concentration that inhibits 50% of the cells under the test conditions and calculated from linear dose response plots for the parasitic protozoa, and zone of inhibition for bacteria and fungi, respectively. The results show that the different substituents on the anthraquinone ring seem to influence the relative potency. Analysis of the structure–activity relationships in protozoa indicates that the aloe-emodin and chrysazin with the highest biological activities merit further study for their potential to help treat the diseases in women and domestic and farm animals. Emodin also exhibited antifungal activity against Candida albicans. The suggested mechanism of action and the additional reported beneficial biological properties of anthraquinones suggest that they have the potential to ameliorate a broad spectrum of human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mendel Friedman
- Healthy Processed Foods Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Albany, CA 94710, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-510-559-5615
| | - Alexander Xu
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of the Pacific, Stockton, CA 95211, USA; (A.X.); (R.L.); (D.N.N.); (T.A.P.); (S.M.H.); (R.P.); (K.M.L.)
| | - Rani Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of the Pacific, Stockton, CA 95211, USA; (A.X.); (R.L.); (D.N.N.); (T.A.P.); (S.M.H.); (R.P.); (K.M.L.)
| | - Daniel N. Nguyen
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of the Pacific, Stockton, CA 95211, USA; (A.X.); (R.L.); (D.N.N.); (T.A.P.); (S.M.H.); (R.P.); (K.M.L.)
| | - Tina A. Phan
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of the Pacific, Stockton, CA 95211, USA; (A.X.); (R.L.); (D.N.N.); (T.A.P.); (S.M.H.); (R.P.); (K.M.L.)
| | - Sabrina M. Hamada
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of the Pacific, Stockton, CA 95211, USA; (A.X.); (R.L.); (D.N.N.); (T.A.P.); (S.M.H.); (R.P.); (K.M.L.)
| | - Rima Panchel
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of the Pacific, Stockton, CA 95211, USA; (A.X.); (R.L.); (D.N.N.); (T.A.P.); (S.M.H.); (R.P.); (K.M.L.)
| | - Christina C. Tam
- Foodborne Toxins Detection and Prevention Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Albany, CA 94710, USA; (C.C.T.); (J.H.K.); (L.W.C.)
| | - Jong H. Kim
- Foodborne Toxins Detection and Prevention Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Albany, CA 94710, USA; (C.C.T.); (J.H.K.); (L.W.C.)
| | - Luisa W. Cheng
- Foodborne Toxins Detection and Prevention Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Albany, CA 94710, USA; (C.C.T.); (J.H.K.); (L.W.C.)
| | - Kirkwood M. Land
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of the Pacific, Stockton, CA 95211, USA; (A.X.); (R.L.); (D.N.N.); (T.A.P.); (S.M.H.); (R.P.); (K.M.L.)
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Sato J, Nakayama M, Tomita A, Sonoda T, Miyamoto T. Difference in the antibacterial action of epigallocatechin gallate and theaflavin 3,3'-di-O-gallate on Bacillus coagulans. J Appl Microbiol 2020; 129:601-611. [PMID: 32281733 DOI: 10.1111/jam.14662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Revised: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To study the mechanism of the antibacterial action of tea polyphenols such as catechins and theaflavins against Bacillus coagulans, and the interaction of epigallocatechin gallate (EGCg) or theaflavin 3,3'-di-O-gallate (TFDG) with the surface of B. coagulans cells was investigated. METHODS AND RESULTS The antibacterial activities of EGCg and TFDG against B. coagulans cells were measured by counting of the viable cells after the mixing with each polyphenol. Bactericidal effect of TFDG was shown at the concentration of greater than or equal to 62·5 mg l-1 ; however, at the same concentration, EGCg did not. According to the results of two dimensional (2D)-electrophoresis analysis, TFDG seemed to interact with cytoplasmic membrane proteins. The activity of the glucose transporters of the cells decreased 40% following the treatment with TFDG of 62·5 mg l-1 ; however, this decrease was only slight in case of EGCg. This result was in accordance with the strength of their bactericidal activities. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that the direct interaction between membrane proteins and TFDG is an important factor in the antibacterial activity of polymerized catechins, affecting their functions and leading to cell death. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY Tea polyphenols can effectively use the prevention of product spoilage in the food and beverage industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Sato
- Safety Science Research, R&D, Kao Corporation, Ichikai, Tochigi, Japan.,Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Sciences, Kyushu University, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - M Nakayama
- Safety Science Research, R&D, Kao Corporation, Ichikai, Tochigi, Japan
| | - A Tomita
- Safety Science Research, R&D, Kao Corporation, Ichikai, Tochigi, Japan
| | - T Sonoda
- Safety Science Research, R&D, Kao Corporation, Ichikai, Tochigi, Japan
| | - T Miyamoto
- Division of Food Science & Biotechnology, Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, Japan
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25
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The Effects of Oxidation on the Antithrombotic Properties of Tea Lipids Against PAF, Thrombin, Collagen, and ADP. Foods 2020; 9:foods9040385. [PMID: 32224958 PMCID: PMC7230539 DOI: 10.3390/foods9040385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Revised: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Tea provides health benefits, while oxidation is part of tea processing. The effect of oxidation on the antithrombotic properties of tea lipid extracts was evaluated for the first time. Total lipids (TL) extracted from fresh tea leaves and commercial tea powder, before and after 30–60 min of oxidation, were further fractionated into neutral lipids (NL) and polar lipids (PL). The antithrombotic bioactivities of tea TL, PL, and NL were assessed in human platelets against the inflammatory mediator platelet-activating factor. PL were further assessed against thrombin, collagen, and adenosine diphosphate, while their fatty acid composition was evaluated by GC-MS. PL exhibited the strongest antithrombotic effects against all platelet agonists and were rich in omega-3 polyunsaturated (ω3 PUFA) and monounsaturated (MUFA) fatty acids. A decline was observed in the antithrombotic activities, against all platelet agonists tested, for PL after 60 min of oxidation, and on their MUFA content, while their overall ω3 PUFA content and ω6/ω3 ratio remained unaffected. A synergistic effect between tea phenolic compounds and PL protects them against oxidation, which seems to be the rational for retaining the antithrombotic biofunctionalities of PL at a considerable favorable cardioprotective level, even after 60 min of tea oxidation. More studies are required to elucidate the mechanisms of the favorable synergism in tea PL extracts.
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26
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The Interaction of Flavonols with Membrane Components: Potential Effect on Antioxidant Activity. J Membr Biol 2020; 253:57-71. [DOI: 10.1007/s00232-019-00105-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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27
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Guo T, Song D, Ho CT, Zhang X, Zhang C, Cao J, Wu Z. Omics Analyses of Gut Microbiota in a Circadian Rhythm Disorder Mouse Model Fed with Oolong Tea Polyphenols. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:8847-8854. [PMID: 31328515 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b03000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Microbiome has been revealed as a key element involved in maintaining the circadian rhythms. Oolong tea polyphenols (OTP) has been shown to have potential prebiotic activity. Therefore, this study focused on the regulation mechanisms of OTP on host circadian rhythms. After 8 weeks of OTP administration, a large expansion in the relative abundance of Bacteroidetes with a decrease in Firmicutes was observed, which reflected the positive modulatory effect of OTP on gut flora. In addition, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathways of ATP-binding cassette transporters, two-component system, and the biosynthesis of amino acids enriched the most differentially expressed genes after OTP treatment. Of the differentially expressed proteins identified, most were related to metabolism, genetic information processing, and environmental information processing. It underscores the ability of OTP to regulate circadian rhythm by enhancing beneficial intestinal microbiota and affecting metabolic pathways, contributing to the improvement of host microecology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tongtong Guo
- Department of Food Science and Engineering , Ningbo University , Ningbo 315211 , P.R. China
| | - Dan Song
- Department of Food Science and Engineering , Ningbo University , Ningbo 315211 , P.R. China
| | - Chi-Tang Ho
- Department of Food Science , Rutgers University , New Brunswick , New Jersey 08901 , United States
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of Food Science and Engineering , Ningbo University , Ningbo 315211 , P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Protein Deep Processing Technology of Zhejiang Province , Ningbo University , Ningbo 315211 , P.R. China
| | - Chundan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Protein Deep Processing Technology of Zhejiang Province , Ningbo University , Ningbo 315211 , P.R. China
| | - Jinxuan Cao
- Department of Food Science and Engineering , Ningbo University , Ningbo 315211 , P.R. China
| | - Zufang Wu
- Department of Food Science and Engineering , Ningbo University , Ningbo 315211 , P.R. China
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28
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Vu HT, Song FV, Tian KV, Su H, Chass GA. Systematic characterisation of the structure and radical scavenging potency of Pu'Er tea () polyphenol theaflavin. Org Biomol Chem 2019; 17:9942-9950. [DOI: 10.1039/c9ob02007a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Resolving the functional 3D structural poses of Pu'Er tea antioxidant theaflavin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huyen Trang Vu
- Materials Science and Engineering
- Nanyang Technological University
- Singapore
| | - Fu V. Song
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences
- Queen Mary University of London
- UK
| | - Kun V. Tian
- Department of Physics
- Tor Vergata University of Rome II
- Rome
- Italy
| | - Haibin Su
- Department of Chemistry
- Hong Kong University of Science and Technology
- China
| | - Gregory A. Chass
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences
- Queen Mary University of London
- UK
- Department of Chemistry
- The University of Hong Kong
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29
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Canon F, Neiers F, Guichard E. Saliva and Flavor Perception: Perspectives. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2018; 66:7873-7879. [PMID: 29962207 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b01998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
This paper reports the main trends and perspectives related to the current understanding of the relationships between saliva and flavor perception. Saliva is a key factor in flavor perception and controls the transport of flavor molecules to their receptors, their adsorption onto the mouth surfaces (i.e., oral mucosa), their metabolism by enzymatic modification, and the friction force in the oral cavity. The proteins in free saliva or in the mucosal pellicle contribute to flavor perception by interacting with or metabolizing flavor compounds. Most of these reactions were observed when using fresh whole saliva; however, they were absent or less frequently observed when using artificial saliva or depleted/frozen whole saliva. There is a need to better understand the role of protein aggregates in flavor perception. Within humans, there is great interindividual variation in salivary composition, which has been related to differences in flavor perception. However, the relative role of salivary proteins and the microbiota should be deeply investigated together with the impact of their composition on individual perception during life. Finally, future results must also consider cross-modal interactions at the brain level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francis Canon
- UMR Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation (CSGA), AgroSup Dijon, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA) , Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté , 21000 Dijon , France
| | - Fabrice Neiers
- UMR Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation (CSGA), AgroSup Dijon, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA) , Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté , 21000 Dijon , France
| | - Elisabeth Guichard
- UMR Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation (CSGA), AgroSup Dijon, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA) , Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté , 21000 Dijon , France
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30
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Zhang X, Zhang M, Ho CT, Guo X, Wu Z, Weng P, Yan M, Cao J. Metagenomics analysis of gut microbiota modulatory effect of green tea polyphenols by high fat diet-induced obesity mice model. J Funct Foods 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2018.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
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31
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Saha S, Verma RJ. Molecular interactions of active constituents of essential oils in zwitterionic lipid bilayers. Chem Phys Lipids 2018; 213:76-87. [PMID: 29596800 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2018.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2017] [Revised: 03/21/2018] [Accepted: 03/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Eugenol and its related compounds are major active constituents of essential oils and have been extensively used as food flavoring agents with significant lipid peroxidation inhibition activity, highlighting the importance of understanding detailed molecular mechanisms behind their interactions with lipid bilayer. For this, we studied antioxidant activity of essential oils rich extract of Cinnamomum tamala leaves and molecular dynamics simulations of eugenol, isoeugenol, methyleugenol, acetyleugenol and eugenol oxide in POPC and PLPC lipid bilayers. All the compounds penetrated into bilayer however, isoeugenol showed highest affinity for the pure POPC and PLPC bilayers with lowest free energy profiles, formed more H-bonds with bilayer oxygen atoms and more pronounced changes in area per lipid and thickness of the bilayer, thus more efficient for scavenging radicals coming from outside as well as centrally located lipid peroxyl radicals. These molecular interactions rationalize the difference in inhibition activities of lipid peroxidation by eugenol and its related compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarmistha Saha
- Department of Zoology, University School of Sciences, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad, 380 009, India.
| | - Ramtej J Verma
- Department of Zoology, University School of Sciences, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad, 380 009, India
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32
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Mechanisms of astringency: Structural alteration of the oral mucosal pellicle by dietary tannins and protective effect of bPRPs. Food Chem 2018; 253:79-87. [PMID: 29502847 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.01.141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2017] [Revised: 11/22/2017] [Accepted: 01/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The interaction of tannins with salivary proteins is involved in astringency. This paper focussed on saliva lining oral mucosae, the mucosal pellicle. Using a cell-based model, the impact of two dietary tannins (EgC and EgCG) on the mucosal pellicle structure and properties was investigated by microscopic techniques. The role of basic Proline-Rich-Proteins (bPRPs) in protecting the mucosal pellicle was also evaluated. At low (0.05 mM) tannin concentration, below the sensory detection threshold, the distribution of salivary mucins MUC5B on cells remained unaffected. At 0.5 and 1 mM, MUC5B-tannin aggregates were observed and their size increased with tannin concentration and with galloylation. In addition, 3 mM EgCG resulted in higher friction forces measured by AFM. In presence of bPRPs, the size distribution of aggregates was greatly modified and tended to resemble that of the "no tannin" condition, highlighting that bPRPs have a protective effect against the structural alteration induced by dietary tannins.
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Kim SP, Lee SJ, Nam SH, Friedman M. Mechanism of Antibacterial Activities of a Rice Hull Smoke Extract (RHSE) Against Multidrug-Resistant Salmonella Typhimurium In Vitro and in Mice. J Food Sci 2017; 83:440-445. [PMID: 29266224 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.14020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2017] [Revised: 11/13/2017] [Accepted: 11/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The present study tested antibacterial activity of a rice hull smoke extract (RHSE) against a multidrug-resistant strain of Salmonella Typhimurium and examined its mode of suppressive action in vitro and in mice. In vitro studies showed that the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) value of RHSE was 1.29% (v/v). The inactivation was confirmed by complete loss of cell viability in the range of 104 to 107 colony forming units of the resistant Salmonella Typhimurium strain. Agarose and sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoreses were used to evaluate the integrities of bacterial genomic DNA and total cellular protein profiles. The antibacterial action of RHSE results from a leakage of intracellular macromolecules following rupture of bacterial cells. Scanning electron microscopy of the cells shows that RHSE also induced deleterious morphological changes in the bacterial cell membrane of the pathogens. In vivo antibacterial activity of RHSE at a 1 × MIC concentration was examined in a bacterial gastroenteritis model using Balb/c mice orally infected with the Salmonella Typhimurium. The results show greatly decreased excretion of the bacteria into the feces and suppressed translocation of the bacteria to internal organs (cecum, mesenteric lymph node, spleen, and liver) compared with the infected mice not subjected to the RHSE treatment. Collectively, the present findings indicate that the mechanism of the antibacterial activities both in vitro and in the gastroenteritis environment of the animal model is the result of the direct disruption of cell structure, leading to cell death. RHSE has the potential to serve as a multifunctional food additive that might protect consumers against infections by antibiotic-resistant microorganisms. PRACTICAL APPLICATION The rice hull derived liquid smoke has the potential to complement widely used wood-derived smoke as an antimicrobial flavor and health-promoting formulation for application in foods and feeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Phil Kim
- STR Biotech Ltd., Chuncheon 24232, Republic of Korea.,Research Inst. of Basic Sciences, Ajou Univ., Suwon 164499, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Jong Lee
- STR Biotech Ltd., Chuncheon 24232, Republic of Korea
| | - Seok Hyun Nam
- Dept. of Biological Science, Ajou Univ., Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Mendel Friedman
- U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Western Regional Research Center, Albany, CA 94710, U.S.A
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34
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Molecular aspects of cancer chemopreventive and therapeutic efficacies of tea and tea polyphenols. Nutrition 2017; 43-44:8-15. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2017.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2017] [Revised: 05/29/2017] [Accepted: 06/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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35
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Noritake SM, Liu J, Kanetake S, Levin CE, Tam C, Cheng LW, Land KM, Friedman M. Phytochemical-rich foods inhibit the growth of pathogenic trichomonads. Altern Ther Health Med 2017; 17:461. [PMID: 28903731 PMCID: PMC5598040 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-017-1967-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Background Plants produce secondary metabolites that often possess widespread bioactivity, and are then known as phytochemicals. We previously determined that several phytochemical-rich food-derived preparations were active against pathogenic foodborne bacteria. Trichomonads produce disease (trichomoniasis) in humans and in certain animals. Trichomonads are increasingly becoming resistant to conventional modes of treatment. It is of interest to test bioactive, natural compounds for efficacy against these pathogens. Methods Using a cell assay, black tea, green tea, grape, pomegranate, and jujube extracts, as well as whole dried jujube were tested against three trichomonads: Trichomonas vaginalis strain G3 (found in humans), Tritrichomonas foetus strain D1 (found in cattle), and Tritrichomonas foetus-like organism strain C1 (found in cats). The most effective of the test substances was subsequently tested against two metronidazole-resistant Trichomonas vaginalis strains, and on normal mucosal flora. Results Black tea extract inhibited all the tested trichomonads, but was most effective against the T. vaginalis organisms. Inhibition by black tea was correlated with the total and individual theaflavin content of the two tea extracts determined by HPLC. Metronidazole-resistant Trichomonas vaginalis strains were also inhibited by the black tea extract. The response of the organisms to the remaining preparations was variable and unique. We observed no effect of the black tea extract on common normal flora bacteria. Conclusions The results suggest that the black tea, and to a lesser degree green tea, grape seed, and pomegranate extracts might present possible natural alternative therapeutic agents to treat Trichomonas vaginalis infections in humans and the related trichomonad infections in animals, without negatively affecting the normal flora.
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36
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Zhu W, Khalifa I, Peng J, Li C. Position and orientation of gallated proanthocyanidins in lipid bilayer membranes: influence of polymerization degree and linkage type. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2017; 36:2862-2875. [DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2017.1369163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Ibrahim Khalifa
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Jinming Peng
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Chunmei Li
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Food Science, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
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37
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Nowotarska SW, Nowotarski K, Grant IR, Elliott CT, Friedman M, Situ C. Mechanisms of Antimicrobial Action of Cinnamon and Oregano Oils, Cinnamaldehyde, Carvacrol, 2,5-Dihydroxybenzaldehyde, and 2-Hydroxy-5-Methoxybenzaldehyde against Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (Map). Foods 2017; 6:foods6090072. [PMID: 28837070 PMCID: PMC5615284 DOI: 10.3390/foods6090072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2017] [Revised: 08/08/2017] [Accepted: 08/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The antimicrobial modes of action of six naturally occurring compounds, cinnamon oil, cinnamaldehyde, oregano oil, carvacrol, 2,5-dihydroxybenzaldehyde, and 2-hydroxy-5-methoxybenzaldehyde, previously found to inhibit the growth of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (Map) reported to infect food animals and humans and to be present in milk, cheese, and meat, were investigated. The incubation of Map cultures in the presence of all six compounds caused phosphate ions to leak into the extracellular environment in a time- and concentration-dependent manner. Cinnamon oil and cinnamaldehyde decreased the intracellular adenosine triphosphate (ATP) concentration of Map cells, whereas oregano oil and carvacrol caused an initial decrease of intracellular ATP concentration that was restored gradually after incubation at 37 °C for 2 h. Neither 2,5-dihydroxybenzaldehyde nor 2-hydroxy-5-methoxybenzaldehyde had a significant effect on intracellular ATP concentration. None of the compounds tested were found to cause leakage of ATP to the extracellular environment. Monolayer studies involving a Langmuir trough apparatus revealed that all anti-Map compounds, especially the essential oil compounds, altered the molecular packing characteristics of phospholipid molecules of model membranes, causing fluidization. The results of the physicochemical model microbial membrane studies suggest that the destruction of the pathogenic bacteria might be associated with the disruption of the bacterial cell membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stella W Nowotarska
- Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, David Keir Building, Stranmillis Road, Belfast BT9 5AG, UK.
| | - Krzysztof Nowotarski
- Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, David Keir Building, Stranmillis Road, Belfast BT9 5AG, UK.
| | - Irene R Grant
- Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, David Keir Building, Stranmillis Road, Belfast BT9 5AG, UK.
| | - Christopher T Elliott
- Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, David Keir Building, Stranmillis Road, Belfast BT9 5AG, UK.
| | - Mendel Friedman
- Western Regional Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Albany, CA 94710, USA.
| | - Chen Situ
- Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, David Keir Building, Stranmillis Road, Belfast BT9 5AG, UK.
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Theaflavins from black tea affect growth, development, and motility in Dictyostelium discoideum. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 491:449-454. [PMID: 28711497 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.07.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2017] [Accepted: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Theaflavins, flavonoids found in black tea, exhibit a variety of health-promoting activities, but the mechanisms by which they act are not clear. Here, we assess the effects of black tea extract and isolated theaflavins on Dictyostelium discoideum, a model organism exhibiting an unusual life cycle relying on conserved pathways involved in human disease. Dictyostelium has been used to characterize the activities of numerous bioactive small molecules, including catechins, from which theaflavins are produced during the preparation of black tea. We show that theaflavins block growth, development, and motility in Dictyostelium, results that suggest catechins and theaflavins exert similar activities in this organism.
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Zhu W, Deng X, Peng J, Zou B, Li C. A-type ECG and EGCG dimers inhibit 3T3-L1 differentiation by binding to cholesterol in lipid rafts. J Nutr Biochem 2017; 48:62-73. [PMID: 28772148 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2017.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2016] [Revised: 04/26/2017] [Accepted: 06/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The present study aimed to explore the underlying mechanisms of epicatechin-3-gallate-(4β→8, 2β→O→7)-epicatechin-3-gallate (A-type ECG dimer) and epigallocatechin-3-gallate-(4β→8, 2β→O→7)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (A-type EGCG dimer) involved in their strong inhibitory effects on 3T3-L1 preadipocytes differentiation. In the synthetic "lipid raft-like" liposome, A-type ECG and EGCG dimers incorporated into the liposome with high affinity and decreased the fluidity of the liposome. In 3T3-L1 preadipocytes, A-type ECG and EGCG dimers possibly bonded to lipid rafts cholesterol and disrupted the integrity of lipid rafts, thus exerting their notable inhibitory effects on 3T3-L1 preadipocytes differentiation by suppressing mitotic clonal expansion process and mRNA levels of PPARγ, C/EBPα and SREBP1C. A highly positive correlation between the cholesterol binding capacity of the two dimers and their inhibitory effect on 3T3-L1 preadipocytes differentiation (R2=0.9328) was observed. Molecular dynamics simulation further verified that A-type ECG and EGCG dimers could bond to cholesterol via hydrogen bonding. The results of this study suggested that the disruption of A-type ECG and EGCG dimers on membrane lipid rafts by targeting cholesterol in the lipid rafts was involved in the underlying mechanisms of their strong inhibitory effects on 3T3-L1 preadipocytes differentiation. This broadens the understanding of the molecular mechanisms of polyphenols on modulating and controlling of metabolic dysregulation, particularly adipocyte differentiation, which is a significant risk factor associated with the development of cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China, 430070
| | - Xiangyi Deng
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China, 430070
| | - Jinming Peng
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China, 430070
| | - Bo Zou
- Sericultural & Agri-food Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China, 510610
| | - Chunmei Li
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China, 430070; Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Food Science (Huazhong Agricultural University), Ministry of Education.
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Roqanian S, Meratan AA, Ahmadian S, Shafizadeh M, Ghasemi A, Karami L. Polyphenols protect mitochondrial membrane against permeabilization induced by HEWL oligomers: Possible mechanism of action. Int J Biol Macromol 2017; 103:709-720. [PMID: 28545969 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.05.130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2017] [Revised: 05/16/2017] [Accepted: 05/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Increasing body of evidence suggests that polyphenols frequently interacting with amyloid aggregates and/or interfering with aggregate species to bind biomembranes may serve as a therapeutic approach for the treatment of amyloid-related diseases. Hence, in the present study, the possible effects of three naturally occurring polyphenols including Curcumin, Quercetin, and Resveratrol on mitochondrial membrane permeabilization induced by Hen Egg White Lysozyme (HEWL) oligomers were investigated. Our results indicated that pre-incubation of mitochondrial homogenate with polyphenols considerably inhibit membrane permeabilization in a concentration dependent manner. In parallel, HEWL oligomers, which were co-incubated with the polyphenols, showed less effectiveness on membrane permeabilization, suggesting that toxicity of oligomers was hindered. Using a range of techniques including fluorescence quenching, Nile red binding assay, zeta potential and size measurements, CD (far- and near-UV) spectroscopy, and molecular docking, we found that the polyphenols, structure-dependently, interact with and induce conformational changes in HEWL oligomers, thereby inhibit their toxicity. We proposed a mechanism by which selected polyphenols induce their protective effects through binding to mitochondria and interfering with HEWL oligomer-membrane interactions and/or by direct interaction with HEWL oligomers, induction of conformational changes, and generating far less toxic species. However, additional studies are needed to elucidate the detailed mechanisms involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaqayeq Roqanian
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, P.O. Box 13145-1384, 1417614411 Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Akbar Meratan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Institute for Advanced Studies in Basic Sciences (IASBS), Zanjan, Iran.
| | - Shahin Ahmadian
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, P.O. Box 13145-1384, 1417614411 Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mahshid Shafizadeh
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, P.O. Box 13145-1384, 1417614411 Tehran, Iran
| | - Atiyeh Ghasemi
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, P.O. Box 13145-1384, 1417614411 Tehran, Iran
| | - Leila Karami
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran
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Biochemical and Molecular Study of Carpobrotus edulis Bioactive Properties and Their Effects on Dugesia sicula (Turbellaria, Tricladida) Regeneration. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2017; 182:1131-1143. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-016-2387-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2016] [Accepted: 12/28/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Abstract
Colorectal cancer is one of the so-called westernized diseases and the second leading cause of cancer death worldwide. On the basis of global epidemiological and scientific studies, evidence suggests that the risk of colorectal cancer is increased by processed and unprocessed meat consumption but suppressed by fibre, and that food composition affects colonic health and cancer risk via its effects on colonic microbial metabolism. The gut microbiota can ferment complex dietary residues that are resistant to digestion by enteric enzymes. This process provides energy for the microbiota but culminates in the release of short-chain fatty acids including butyrate, which are utilized for the metabolic needs of the colon and the body. Butyrate has a remarkable array of colonic health-promoting and antineoplastic properties: it is the preferred energy source for colonocytes, it maintains mucosal integrity and it suppresses inflammation and carcinogenesis through effects on immunity, gene expression and epigenetic modulation. Protein residues and fat-stimulated bile acids are also metabolized by the microbiota to inflammatory and/or carcinogenic metabolites, which increase the risk of neoplastic progression. This Review will discuss the mechanisms behind these microbial metabolite effects, which could be modified by diet to achieve the objective of preventing colorectal cancer in Western societies.
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Zhu W, Xiong L, Peng J, Deng X, Gao J, Li CM. Molecular Insight into Affinities of Gallated and Nongallated Proanthocyanidins Dimers to Lipid Bilayers. Sci Rep 2016; 6:37680. [PMID: 27874097 PMCID: PMC5118708 DOI: 10.1038/srep37680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2016] [Accepted: 11/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Experimental studies have proved the beneficial effects of proanthocyanidins (Pas) relating to interaction with the cell membrane. But the detailed mechanisms and structure-function relationship was unclear. In present study, molecular dynamics (MD) simulations were used to study the interactions of four PA dimers with a lipid bilayer composed of 1:1 mixed 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl phosphatidylcholine (POPC) and 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl phosphatidylethanolamine (POPE). The results showed that the gallated PA dimers had much higher affinities to the bilayer with lower binding free energies compared with nongallated PA dimers. The gallated PA dimers penetrated deeper into the bilayer and formed more hydrogen bonds (H-bonds) with bilayer oxygen atoms, especially the deeper oxygen atoms of the lipids simultaneously, thus inducing stronger lateral expansion of the membrane and lipid tails disorder. The present results provided molecular insights into the interactions between PA dimers and bio-membranes and agreed with our experimental results well. These molecular interactions helped to elucidate the structure-function relationship of the PA dimers and provided a foundation for a better understanding of the underlying mechanisms of the bioactivities of PA oligomers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Le Xiong
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Agricultural Bioinformatics, College of Informatics, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Jinming Peng
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Xiangyi Deng
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Jun Gao
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Agricultural Bioinformatics, College of Informatics, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Chun-Mei Li
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.,Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Food Science, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
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Zhu W, Xiong L, Peng J, Deng X, Gao J, Li CM. Structure-Dependent Membrane-Perturbing Potency of Four Proanthocyanidin Dimers on 3T3-L1 Preadipocytes. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2016; 64:7022-7032. [PMID: 27588748 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.6b02671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Proanthocyanidins (PAs) have been widely recognized for their broad spectrum of beneficial health effects, which are highly structure-dependent. It was found that PA dimers epicatechin-3-gallate-(4β→8,2β→O→7)-epicatechin-3-gallate (A-type ECG dimer) and epigallocatechin-3-gallate-(4β→,2β→O→7)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (A-type EGCG dimer) inhibit the differentiation of 3T3-L1 cells significantly, whereas epicatechin-(4β→8,2β→O→7)-epicatechin (A-type EC dimer) and epicatechin-(4β→8)-epicatechin (B-type EC dimer) showed little effect in previous work. However, the underlying mechanisms are unclear. To test whether bilayer perturbation may underlie this diversity of actions, we examined the bilayer-modifying effects of the four dimers in both 3T3-L1 cell and 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine liposome models by using scanning electron microscopy, fluorescent spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, and molecular dynamics methods. Our results revealed that A-type ECG and EGCG dimers had a high affinity for the lipid bilayer and could form simultaneous hydrogen bonds (H-bond) with both the surface oxygen acceptors and the deeper inside lipid oxygen atoms. However, A-type and B-type EC dimers contacted only the surface oxygen atoms with limited and significantly fewer H-bonds. A-type ECG and EGCG dimers notably distorted the membrane morphology of 3T3-L1 cells. In the present study, we found there was a high positive correlation between the membrane-disturbing abilities of the four dimers and their 3T3-L1 cell differentiation inhibitory effects as previously reported. This indicated that the strong 3T3-L1 cell differentiation inhibitory effect of A-type ECG and EGCG dimers might be due to their strong bilayer-perturbing potency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University , Wuhan, China 430070
| | - Le Xiong
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Agricultural Bioinformatics, College of Informatics, Huazhong Agricultural University , Wuhan, China 430070
| | - Jinming Peng
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University , Wuhan, China 430070
| | - Xiangyi Deng
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University , Wuhan, China 430070
| | - Jun Gao
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Agricultural Bioinformatics, College of Informatics, Huazhong Agricultural University , Wuhan, China 430070
| | - Chun-Mei Li
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University , Wuhan, China 430070
- Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Food Science (Huazhong Agricultural University), Ministry of Education , Wuhan, China 430070
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Lombardo Bedran TB, Morin MP, Palomari Spolidorio D, Grenier D. Black Tea Extract and Its Theaflavin Derivatives Inhibit the Growth of Periodontopathogens and Modulate Interleukin-8 and β-Defensin Secretion in Oral Epithelial Cells. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0143158. [PMID: 26581041 PMCID: PMC4651492 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0143158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2015] [Accepted: 11/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the years, several studies have brought evidence suggesting that tea polyphenols, mostly from green tea, may have oral health benefits. Since few data are available concerning the beneficial properties of black tea and its theaflavin derivatives against periodontal disease, the objective of this study was to investigate their antibacterial activity as well as their ability to modulate interleukin-8 and human β-defensin (hBD) secretion in oral epithelial cells. Among the periodontopathogenic bacteria tested, Porphyromonas gingivalis was found to be highly susceptible to the black tea extract and theaflavins. Moreover, our data indicated that the black tea extract, theaflavin and theaflavin-3,3’-digallate can potentiate the antibacterial effect of metronidazole and tetracycline against P. gingivalis. Using lipopolysaccharide-stimulated oral epithelial cells, the black tea extract (100 μg/ml), as well as theaflavin and theaflavin-3,3’-digallate (50 μg/ml) reduced interleukin-8 (IL-8) secretion by 85%, 79%, and 86%, respectively, thus suggesting an anti-inflammatory property. The ability of the black tea extract and its theaflavin derivatives to induce the secretion of the antimicrobial peptides hBD-1, hBD-2 and hBD-4 by oral epithelial cells was then evaluated. Our results showed that the black tea extract as well as theaflavin-3,3’-digallate were able to increase the secretion of the three hBDs. In conclusion, the ability of a black tea extract and theaflavins to exert antibacterial activity against major periodontopathogens, to attenuate the secretion of IL-8, and to induce hBD secretion in oral epithelial cells suggest that these components may have a beneficial effect against periodontal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marie-Pierre Morin
- Oral Ecology Research Group, Faculty of Dentistry, Laval University, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - Denise Palomari Spolidorio
- Department of Oral Diagnosis and Surgery, Araraquara Dental School, State University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Daniel Grenier
- Oral Ecology Research Group, Faculty of Dentistry, Laval University, Quebec City, QC, Canada
- * E-mail:
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Friedman M. Antibiotic-resistant bacteria: prevalence in food and inactivation by food-compatible compounds and plant extracts. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2015; 63:3805-3822. [PMID: 25856120 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.5b00778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Foodborne antibiotic-resistant pathogenic bacteria such as Campylobacter jejuni, Bacillus cereus, Clostridium perfringens, Escherichia coli, Salmonella enterica, Staphylococcus aureus, Vibrio cholerae, and Vibrio parahemolyticus can adversely affect animal and human health, but a better understanding of the factors involved in their pathogenesis is needed. To help meet this need, this overview surveys and interprets much of our current knowledge of antibiotic (multidrug)-resistant bacteria in the food chain and the implications for microbial food safety and animal and human health. Topics covered include the origin and prevalence of resistant bacteria in the food chain (dairy, meat, poultry, seafood, and herbal products, produce, and eggs), their inactivation by different classes of compounds and plant extracts and by the use of chlorine and physicochemical methods (heat, UV light, pulsed electric fields, and high pressure), the synergistic antimicrobial effects of combinations of natural antimicrobials with medicinal antibiotics, and mechanisms of antimicrobial activities and resistant effects. Possible areas for future research are suggested. Plant-derived and other safe natural antimicrobial compounds have the potential to control the prevalence of both susceptible and resistant pathogens in various environments. The collated information and suggested research will hopefully contribute to a better understanding of approaches that could be used to minimize the presence of resistant pathogens in animal feed and human food, thus reducing adverse effects, improving microbial food safety, and helping to prevent or treat animal and human infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mendel Friedman
- Western Regional Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Albany, California 94710, United States
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Morin MP, Bedran TBL, Fournier-Larente J, Haas B, Azelmat J, Grenier D. Green tea extract and its major constituent epigallocatechin-3-gallate inhibit growth and halitosis-related properties of Solobacterium moorei. Altern Ther Health Med 2015; 15:48. [PMID: 25880992 PMCID: PMC4415245 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-015-0557-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2014] [Accepted: 09/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Background Solobacterium moorei is a volatile sulfide compound (VSC)-producing Gram-positive anaerobic bacterium that has been associated with halitosis. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of green tea extract and its major constituent epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) on growth and several halitosis-related properties of S. moorei. Methods A microplate dilution assay was used to determine the antibacterial activity of green tea extract and EGCG against S. moorei. Their effects on bacterial cell membrane integrity were investigated by transmission electron microscopy and a fluorescence-based permeability assay. Biofilm formation was quantified by crystal violet staining. Adhesion of FITC-labeled S. moorei to oral epithelial cells was monitored by fluorometry. The modulation of β-galactosidase gene expression in S. moorei was evaluated by quantitative RT-PCR. Results The green tea extract as well as EGCG inhibited the growth of S. moorei, with MIC values of 500 and 250 μg/ml, respectively. Transmission electron microscopy analysis and a permeabilization assay brought evidence that the bacterial cell membrane was the target of green tea polyphenols. Regarding the effects of green tea polyphenols on the S. moorei colonization properties, it was found that biofilm formation on EGCG-treated surfaces was significantly affected, and that green tea extract and EGCG can cause the eradication of pre-formed S. moorei biofilms. Moreover, both the green tea extract and EGCG were found to reduce the adherence of S. moorei to oral epithelial cells. The β-galactosidase activity of S. moorei, which plays a key role in VSC production, was dose-dependently inhibited by green tea polyphenols. In addition, EGCG at ½ MIC significantly decreased the β-galactosidase gene expression. Conclusion Our study brought evidence to support that green tea polyphenols possess a number of properties that may contribute to reduce S. moorei-related halitosis. Therefore, these natural compounds may be of interest to be used to supplement oral healthcare products.
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Tea Polyphenols in Parkinson’s Disease. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2015; 863:117-37. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-18365-7_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Theaflavins inhibit pathogenic properties of P. gingivalis and MMPs production in P. gingivalis-stimulated human gingival fibroblasts. Arch Oral Biol 2014; 60:12-22. [PMID: 25244614 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2014.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2014] [Revised: 07/30/2014] [Accepted: 08/30/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Theaflavins, the main polyphenols in black tea, possesses a wide range of beneficial pharmacological properties. Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis) is a major aetiological agent associated with periodontitis, a chronic inflammatory disease affecting tooth-supporting tissues. The aim of the present study is to investigate the effect of theaflavins on pathogenic properties of P. gingivalis and on periodontitis by inhibiting matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) production induced by this oral pathogen. METHODS Microplate dilution assays were performed to determine the effect of theaflavins against planktonic culture and biofilm of P. gingivalis. The effect of theaflavins on gingipain and collagenase activities of P. gingivalis was evaluated using synthetic chromogenic peptides and fluorogenic substrate. Human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs) were stimulated with P. gingivalis in the presence or absence of theaflavins, and then MMP-1, -2 secretion and their mRNA expression were assessed using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and real-time PCR analysis, respectively. RESULTS Theaflavins exhibited the antimicrobial effects against both planktonic culture and biofilm of P. gingivalis. Theaflavins also markedly inhibited the proteinase activities of P. gingivalis collagenase and gingipains in a dose-dependent manner. Lastly, theaflavins significantly inhibited the secretion and mRNA expression of MMP-1 and MMP-2 by HGFs stimulated with P. gingivalis. CONCLUSION Theaflavins can affect the virulent properties of P. gingivalis and attenuate the MMP-mediated inflammatory response induced by this pathogen, which suggests that theaflavins may be potentially valuable supplementary therapeutic agent for prevention and treatment of P. gingivalis-associated periodontal diseases.
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Phan HTT, Yoda T, Chahal B, Morita M, Takagi M, Vestergaard MC. Structure-dependent interactions of polyphenols with a biomimetic membrane system. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2014; 1838:2670-7. [PMID: 25016053 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2014.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2014] [Revised: 06/13/2014] [Accepted: 07/01/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Polyphenols are naturally-occurring compounds, reported to be biologically active, and through their interactions with cell membranes. Although association of the polyphenols with the bilayer has been reported, the detailed mechanism of interaction is not yet well elucidated. We report on spatio-temporal real-time membrane dynamics observed in the presence of polyphenols. Two distinct membrane dynamics, corresponding to the two classes of polyphenols used, were observed. Flavonoids (epi-gallocatechin-3-gallate, gallocatechin, theaflavin and theaflavin-3-gallate) caused lipid membrane aggregation and rigidification. As simple structural modification through opening of the aromatic C-ring into an olefin bond, present in trans-stilbenes (resveratrol and picead), completely changed the membrane properties, increasing fluidity and inducing fluctuation. There were differences in the membrane transformations within the same class of polyphenols. Structure-dependent classification of membrane dynamics may contribute to a better understanding of the physicochemical mechanism involved in the bioactivity of polyphenols. In general, an increase in the number of hydrophilic side chains (galloyl, hydroxyl, glucoside, gallate) increased the reactivity of the polyphenols. Most notable was the difference observed through a simple addition of the gallate group. Unraveling the importance of these polyphenols, at a functional group level further opens the key to tailored design of bioactive compounds as potential drug candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huong T T Phan
- School of Materials Science, Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 1-1 Asahidai, Nomi City, Ishikawa 923-1292, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Yoda
- School of Materials Science, Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 1-1 Asahidai, Nomi City, Ishikawa 923-1292, Japan
| | - Bindu Chahal
- School of Materials Science, Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 1-1 Asahidai, Nomi City, Ishikawa 923-1292, Japan; M. Tech. Chemical Synthesis and Process Technologies, Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India
| | - Masamune Morita
- School of Materials Science, Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 1-1 Asahidai, Nomi City, Ishikawa 923-1292, Japan
| | - Masahiro Takagi
- School of Materials Science, Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 1-1 Asahidai, Nomi City, Ishikawa 923-1292, Japan
| | - Mun'delanji C Vestergaard
- School of Materials Science, Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 1-1 Asahidai, Nomi City, Ishikawa 923-1292, Japan.
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