1
|
Pan D, Chung S, Nielsen E, Niederman MS. Aspiration Pneumonia. Semin Respir Crit Care Med 2024; 45:237-245. [PMID: 38211629 DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-1777772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
Aspiration pneumonia is a lower respiratory tract infection that results from inhalation of foreign material, often gastric and oropharyngeal contents. It is important to distinguish this from a similar entity, aspiration with chemical pneumonitis, as treatment approaches may differ. An evolving understanding of the human microbiome has shed light on the pathogenesis of aspiration pneumonia, suggesting that dysbiosis, repetitive injury, and inflammatory responses play a role in its development. Risk factors for aspiration events involve a complex interplay of anatomical and physiological dysfunctions in the nervous, gastrointestinal, and pulmonary systems. Current treatment strategies have shifted away from anaerobic organisms as leading pathogens. Prevention of aspiration pneumonia primarily involves addressing oropharyngeal dysphagia, a significant risk factor for aspiration pneumonia, particularly among elderly individuals and those with cognitive and neurodegenerative disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Di Pan
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | - Samuel Chung
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | - Erik Nielsen
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | - Michael S Niederman
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Pan D, Nielsen E, Chung S, Niederman MS. Management of pneumonia in the critically ill. Minerva Med 2023; 114:667-682. [PMID: 36700925 DOI: 10.23736/s0026-4806.22.08467-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Pneumonias continue to be major public health issues and are commonly encountered in the intensive care setting. The most common types of pneumonia leading to critical illness include severe community acquired pneumonia, hospital acquired pneumonia, and ventilator associated pneumonia. Early evaluation, diagnosis, and escalation to appropriate levels of care are imperative to improving survival. Treatment remains challenging with the need to balance antibiotic stewardship and minimizing patient harm. As evidenced in the most recent society guidelines, the identification of risk factors for severe disease and the causative pathogens are crucial in guiding the most appropriate therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Di Pan
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Erik Nielsen
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Samuel Chung
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Michael S Niederman
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA -
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Cheong JG, Ravishankar A, Sharma S, Parkhurst CN, Grassmann SA, Wingert CK, Laurent P, Ma S, Paddock L, Miranda IC, Karakaslar EO, Nehar-Belaid D, Thibodeau A, Bale MJ, Kartha VK, Yee JK, Mays MY, Jiang C, Daman AW, Martinez de Paz A, Ahimovic D, Ramos V, Lercher A, Nielsen E, Alvarez-Mulett S, Zheng L, Earl A, Yallowitz A, Robbins L, LaFond E, Weidman KL, Racine-Brzostek S, Yang HS, Price DR, Leyre L, Rendeiro AF, Ravichandran H, Kim J, Borczuk AC, Rice CM, Jones RB, Schenck EJ, Kaner RJ, Chadburn A, Zhao Z, Pascual V, Elemento O, Schwartz RE, Buenrostro JD, Niec RE, Barrat FJ, Lief L, Sun JC, Ucar D, Josefowicz SZ. Epigenetic memory of coronavirus infection in innate immune cells and their progenitors. Cell 2023; 186:3882-3902.e24. [PMID: 37597510 PMCID: PMC10638861 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2023.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/21/2023]
Abstract
Inflammation can trigger lasting phenotypes in immune and non-immune cells. Whether and how human infections and associated inflammation can form innate immune memory in hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPC) has remained unclear. We found that circulating HSPC, enriched from peripheral blood, captured the diversity of bone marrow HSPC, enabling investigation of their epigenomic reprogramming following coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Alterations in innate immune phenotypes and epigenetic programs of HSPC persisted for months to 1 year following severe COVID-19 and were associated with distinct transcription factor (TF) activities, altered regulation of inflammatory programs, and durable increases in myelopoiesis. HSPC epigenomic alterations were conveyed, through differentiation, to progeny innate immune cells. Early activity of IL-6 contributed to these persistent phenotypes in human COVID-19 and a mouse coronavirus infection model. Epigenetic reprogramming of HSPC may underlie altered immune function following infection and be broadly relevant, especially for millions of COVID-19 survivors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Gyu Cheong
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA; Immunology and Microbial Pathogenesis Program, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Arjun Ravishankar
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Siddhartha Sharma
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT 06032, USA
| | | | - Simon A Grassmann
- Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Claire K Wingert
- Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Paoline Laurent
- HSS Research Institute, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Sai Ma
- Gene Regulation Observatory, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Lucinda Paddock
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | | | - Emin Onur Karakaslar
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT 06032, USA; Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | - Asa Thibodeau
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT 06032, USA
| | - Michael J Bale
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA; Immunology and Microbial Pathogenesis Program, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Vinay K Kartha
- Gene Regulation Observatory, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Jim K Yee
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Minh Y Mays
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Chenyang Jiang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Andrew W Daman
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA; Immunology and Microbial Pathogenesis Program, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Alexia Martinez de Paz
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Dughan Ahimovic
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA; Immunology and Microbial Pathogenesis Program, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Victor Ramos
- The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | | | - Erik Nielsen
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA; Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | | | - Ling Zheng
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Andrew Earl
- Gene Regulation Observatory, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Alisha Yallowitz
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Lexi Robbins
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | | | - Karissa L Weidman
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Sabrina Racine-Brzostek
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - He S Yang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - David R Price
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Louise Leyre
- Immunology and Microbial Pathogenesis Program, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - André F Rendeiro
- Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA; Caryl and Israel Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA; CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Austrian Academy of Sciences, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Hiranmayi Ravichandran
- Caryl and Israel Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA; Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Junbum Kim
- Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Alain C Borczuk
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Northwell Health, Greenvale, NY 11548, USA
| | | | - R Brad Jones
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Edward J Schenck
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Robert J Kaner
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Amy Chadburn
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Zhen Zhao
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Virginia Pascual
- Department of Pediatrics, Gale and Ira Drukier Institute for Children's Health, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Olivier Elemento
- Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA; Caryl and Israel Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Robert E Schwartz
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Jason D Buenrostro
- Gene Regulation Observatory, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Rachel E Niec
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA; The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Franck J Barrat
- Immunology and Microbial Pathogenesis Program, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA; HSS Research Institute, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY 10021, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Lindsay Lief
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Joseph C Sun
- Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Duygu Ucar
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT 06032, USA; Institute for Systems Genomics, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, USA.
| | - Steven Z Josefowicz
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA; Immunology and Microbial Pathogenesis Program, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Proctor T, Seritan S, Rudinger K, Nielsen E, Blume-Kohout R, Young K. Scalable Randomized Benchmarking of Quantum Computers Using Mirror Circuits. Phys Rev Lett 2022; 129:150502. [PMID: 36269974 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.129.150502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The performance of quantum gates is often assessed using some form of randomized benchmarking. However, the existing methods become infeasible for more than approximately five qubits. Here we show how to use a simple and customizable class of circuits-randomized mirror circuits-to perform scalable, robust, and flexible randomized benchmarking of Clifford gates. We show that this technique approximately estimates the infidelity of an average many-qubit logic layer, and we use simulations of up to 225 qubits with physically realistic error rates in the range 0.1%-1% to demonstrate its scalability. We then use up to 16 physical qubits of a cloud quantum computing platform to demonstrate that our technique can reveal and quantify crosstalk errors in many-qubit circuits.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Timothy Proctor
- Quantum Performance Laboratory, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, USA
- Quantum Performance Laboratory, Sandia National Laboratories, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - Stefan Seritan
- Quantum Performance Laboratory, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, USA
- Quantum Performance Laboratory, Sandia National Laboratories, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - Kenneth Rudinger
- Quantum Performance Laboratory, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, USA
- Quantum Performance Laboratory, Sandia National Laboratories, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - Erik Nielsen
- Quantum Performance Laboratory, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, USA
- Quantum Performance Laboratory, Sandia National Laboratories, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - Robin Blume-Kohout
- Quantum Performance Laboratory, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, USA
- Quantum Performance Laboratory, Sandia National Laboratories, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - Kevin Young
- Quantum Performance Laboratory, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, USA
- Quantum Performance Laboratory, Sandia National Laboratories, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Nielsen E, Kallesøe K, Bjerre-Nielsen E, Gehrt T, Bonnert M, Frostholm L, Rask C. Internet-delivered psychological treatment of functional gastrointestinal disorders in youth: Study protocol for exploration of cognitive biases. Eur Psychiatry 2022. [PMCID: PMC9567526 DOI: 10.1192/j.eurpsy.2022.1063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction
Functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGID) are common in children and adolescents (CA), cause functional disability and high health care use. Internet based cognitive behavioral therapy (i-CBT) have shown promising effect in Sweden. The treatment is exposure based and target avoidance behavior. Cognitive biases regarding bodily symptoms are suggested to be part of development and maintenance of functional disorders in adults, and could therefore be an important treatment target. Little is known about cognitive biases in CA with FGID, and hence the potential importance, it is crucial to explore more in depth. This study is embedded in The Danish FGID Treatment Study which aims to test Swedish i-CBT treatment in a Danish context.
Objectives
1) Examine cognitive biases in CA with FGID, compared with healthy controls. 2) Asses these biases before and after treatment for FGID to investigate changes and impact on treatment effect.
Methods
We developed a novel experimental approach to examine possible cognitive biases in CA. It consists of a picture task and a FGID-specific version of the Health Norms Sorting Task. We will examine 60 CA with FGID, who are included in The Danish FGID Treatment Study before and after treatment. In addition we will perform the test on 100 healthy controls.
Results
The results are expected to improve our understanding of maintaining cognitive factors in CA with FGID, and how these may affect outcome and change during treatment, and how they differ from the general population.
Conclusions
This study can provide new targets for treatment approaches.
Disclosure
No significant relationships.
Collapse
|
6
|
Nielsen E, Falborg L, Luong T, Gormsen L. Optimization of the routine production of the ketone body tracer (R)-[11C]3-hydroxybutyric acid. Nucl Med Biol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/s0969-8051(22)00091-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
7
|
Jakobsen S, Nielsen E. Synthesis of [13N]-Oxytocin for human intranasal administration. Nucl Med Biol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/s0969-8051(22)00275-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
8
|
Mills AR, Guinn CR, Gullans MJ, Sigillito AJ, Feldman MM, Nielsen E, Petta JR. Two-qubit silicon quantum processor with operation fidelity exceeding 99. Sci Adv 2022; 8:eabn5130. [PMID: 35385308 PMCID: PMC8986105 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abn5130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Silicon spin qubits satisfy the necessary criteria for quantum information processing. However, a demonstration of high-fidelity state preparation and readout combined with high-fidelity single- and two-qubit gates, all of which must be present for quantum error correction, has been lacking. We use a two-qubit Si/SiGe quantum processor to demonstrate state preparation and readout with fidelity greater than 97%, combined with both single- and two-qubit control fidelities exceeding 99%. The operation of the quantum processor is quantitatively characterized using gate set tomography and randomized benchmarking. Our results highlight the potential of silicon spin qubits to become a dominant technology in the development of intermediate-scale quantum processors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adam R. Mills
- Department of Physics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Charles R. Guinn
- Department of Physics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Michael J. Gullans
- Department of Physics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
- Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | | | - Mayer M. Feldman
- Department of Physics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Erik Nielsen
- Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, NM 87185, USA
| | - Jason R. Petta
- Department of Physics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
- Corresponding author.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Nielsen E. Plant exocytosis: Weaving distinct pathways to the plant plasma membrane. Mol Plant 2022; 15:382-384. [PMID: 35144026 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2022.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Erik Nielsen
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Zhao X, Hu X, OuYang K, Yang J, Que Q, Long J, Zhang J, Zhang T, Wang X, Gao J, Hu X, Yang S, Zhang L, Li S, Gao W, Li B, Jiang W, Nielsen E, Chen X, Peng C. Chromosome-level assembly of the Neolamarckia cadamba genome provides insights into the evolution of cadambine biosynthesis. Plant J 2022; 109:891-908. [PMID: 34807496 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Neolamarckia cadamba (Roxb.), a close relative of Coffea canephora and Ophiorrhiza pumila, is an important traditional medicine in Southeast Asia. Three major glycosidic monoterpenoid indole alkaloids (MIAs), cadambine and its derivatives 3β-isodihydrocadambine and 3β-dihydrocadambine, accumulate in the bark and leaves, and exhibit antimalarial, antiproliferative, antioxidant, anticancer and anti-inflammatory activities. Here, we report a chromosome-scale N. cadamba genome, with 744.5 Mb assembled into 22 pseudochromosomes with contig N50 and scaffold N50 of 824.14 Kb and 29.20 Mb, respectively. Comparative genomic analysis of N. cadamba with Co. canephora revealed that N. cadamba underwent a relatively recent whole-genome duplication (WGD) event after diverging from Co. canephora, which contributed to the evolution of the MIA biosynthetic pathway. We determined the key intermediates of the cadambine biosynthetic pathway and further showed that NcSTR1 catalyzed the synthesis of strictosidine in N. cadamba. A new component, epoxystrictosidine (C27H34N2O10, m/z 547.2285), was identified in the cadambine biosynthetic pathway. Combining genome-wide association study (GWAS), population analysis, multi-omics analysis and metabolic gene cluster prediction, this study will shed light on the evolution of MIA biosynthetic pathway genes. This N. cadamba reference sequence will accelerate the understanding of the evolutionary history of specific metabolic pathways and facilitate the development of tools for enhancing bioactive productivity by metabolic engineering in microbes or by molecular breeding in plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Xiaodi Hu
- Novogene Bioinformatics Institute, Building 301, Zone A10 Jiuxianqiao North 13 Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Kunxi OuYang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Jing Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
- School of Chinese Medicinal Resource, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Qingmin Que
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Jianmei Long
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Jianxia Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Tong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Xue Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Jiayu Gao
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Xinquan Hu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Shuqi Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Lisu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Shufen Li
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, China
| | - Wujun Gao
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, China
| | - Benping Li
- Novogene Bioinformatics Institute, Building 301, Zone A10 Jiuxianqiao North 13 Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Wenkai Jiang
- Novogene Bioinformatics Institute, Building 301, Zone A10 Jiuxianqiao North 13 Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Erik Nielsen
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48109, USA
| | - Xiaoyang Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Changcao Peng
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Ghidoli M, Colombo F, Sangiorgio S, Landoni M, Giupponi L, Nielsen E, Pilu R. Food Containing Bioactive Flavonoids and Other Phenolic or Sulfur Phytochemicals With Antiviral Effect: Can We Design a Promising Diet Against COVID-19? Front Nutr 2021; 8:661331. [PMID: 34222300 PMCID: PMC8247467 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.661331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Since in late 2019, when the coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pathogen of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) started to spread all over the world, causing the awful global pandemic we are still experiencing, an impressive number of biologists, infectious disease scientists, virologists, pharmacologists, molecular biologists, immunologists, and other researchers working in laboratories of all the advanced countries focused their research on the setting up of biotechnological tools, namely vaccines and monoclonal antibodies, as well as of rational design of drugs for therapeutic approaches. While vaccines have been quickly obtained, no satisfactory anti-Covid-19 preventive, or therapeutic approach has so far been discovered and approved. However, among the possible ways to achieve the goal of COVID-19 prevention or mitigation, there is one route, i.e., the diet, which until now has had little consideration. In fact, in the edible parts of plants supplying our food, there are a fair number of secondary metabolites mainly belonging to the large class of the flavonoids, endowed with antiviral or other health beneficial activities such as immunostimulating or anti-inflammatory action that could play a role in contributing to some extent to prevent or alleviate the viral infection and/or counteract the development of SARS induced by the novel coronavirus. In this review, a number of bioactive phytochemicals, in particular flavonoids, proven to be capable of providing some degree of protection against COVID-19, are browsed, illustrating their beneficial properties and mechanisms of action as well as their distribution in cultivated plant species which supply food for the human diet. Furthermore, room is also given to information regarding the amount in food, the resistance to cooking processes and, as a very important feature, the degree of bioavailability of these compounds. Concluding, remarks and perspectives for future studies aimed at increasing and improving knowledge and the possibility of using this natural complementary therapy to counteract COVID-19 and other viral pathologies are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martina Ghidoli
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences - Production Landscape, Agroenergy, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Federico Colombo
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences - Production Landscape, Agroenergy, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Stefano Sangiorgio
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences - Production Landscape, Agroenergy, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Michela Landoni
- Department of Bioscience, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Luca Giupponi
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences - Production Landscape, Agroenergy, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
- Centre of Applied Studies for the Sustainable Management and Protection of Mountain Areas – CRC Ge.S.Di.Mont., Università degli Studi di Milano, Edolo, Italy
| | - Erik Nielsen
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology Università degli Studi di Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Roberto Pilu
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences - Production Landscape, Agroenergy, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
- Centre of Applied Studies for the Sustainable Management and Protection of Mountain Areas – CRC Ge.S.Di.Mont., Università degli Studi di Milano, Edolo, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Pearson E, Nielsen E, Kita S, Groves L, Nelson L, Moss J, Oliver C. Low speech rate but high gesture rate during conversational interaction in people with Cornelia de Lange syndrome. J Intellect Disabil Res 2021; 65:601-607. [PMID: 33694205 DOI: 10.1111/jir.12829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Revised: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cornelia de Lange syndrsome (CdLS) is a rare genetic syndrome with notable impaired expressive communication characterised by reduced spoken language. We examined gesture use to refine the description of expressive communication impairments in CdLS. METHODS During conversations, we compared gesture use in people with CdLS to peers with Down syndrome (DS) matched for receptive language and adaptive ability, and typically developing (TD) individuals of similar chronological age. RESULTS As anticipated the DS and CdLS groups used fewer words during conversation than TD peers (P < .001). However, the CdLS group used twice the number of gestures per 100 words compared with the DS and TD groups (P = .003). CONCLUSIONS Individuals with CdLS have a significantly higher gesture rate than expected given their level of intellectual disability and chronological age. This result indicates the cause of reduced use of spoken language does not extend to all forms of expressive communication.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E Pearson
- Cerebra Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- School of Psychology, College of Health and Life Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, UK
| | - E Nielsen
- Cerebra Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - S Kita
- Department of Psychology, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - L Groves
- Cerebra Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - L Nelson
- Cerebra Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- Royal Derby Hospital, Derby, UK
| | - J Moss
- Cerebra Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- School of Psychology, University of Surrey, Surrey, UK
| | - C Oliver
- Cerebra Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Kim D, Yang J, Gu F, Park S, Combs J, Adams A, Mayes HB, Jeon SJ, Bahk JD, Nielsen E. A temperature-sensitive FERONIA mutant allele that alters root hair growth. Plant Physiol 2021; 185:405-423. [PMID: 33721904 PMCID: PMC8133571 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiaa051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/14/2020] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
In plants, root hairs undergo a highly polarized form of cell expansion called tip-growth, in which cell wall deposition is restricted to the root hair apex. In order to identify essential cellular components that might have been missed in earlier genetic screens, we identified conditional temperature-sensitive (ts) root hair mutants by ethyl methanesulfonate mutagenesis in Arabidopsis thaliana. Here, we describe one of these mutants, feronia-temperature sensitive (fer-ts). Mutant fer-ts seedlings were unaffected at normal temperatures (20°C), but failed to form root hairs at elevated temperatures (30°C). Map based-cloning and whole-genome sequencing revealed that fer-ts resulted from a G41S substitution in the extracellular domain of FERONIA (FER). A functional fluorescent fusion of FER containing the fer-ts mutation localized to plasma membranes, but was subject to enhanced protein turnover at elevated temperatures. While tip-growth was rapidly inhibited by addition of rapid alkalinization factor 1 (RALF1) peptides in both wild-type and fer-ts mutants at normal temperatures, root elongation of fer-ts seedlings was resistant to added RALF1 peptide at elevated temperatures. Additionally, at elevated temperatures fer-ts seedlings displayed altered reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation upon auxin treatment and phenocopied constitutive fer mutant responses to a variety of plant hormone treatments. Molecular modeling and sequence comparison with other Catharanthus roseus receptor-like kinase 1L (CrRLK1L) receptor family members revealed that the mutated glycine in fer-ts is highly conserved, but is not located within the recently characterized RALF23 and LORELI-LIKE-GLYCOPROTEIN 2 binding domains, perhaps suggesting that fer-ts phenotypes may not be directly due to loss of binding to RALF1 peptides.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daewon Kim
- Division of Applied Life Sciences (BK21plus), Graduate School of Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-701, Republic of Korea
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Jiyuan Yang
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Fangwei Gu
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Sungjin Park
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Jonathon Combs
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Alexander Adams
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Heather B Mayes
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Su Jeong Jeon
- Division of Applied Life Sciences (BK21plus), Graduate School of Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Dong Bahk
- Division of Applied Life Sciences (BK21plus), Graduate School of Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Erik Nielsen
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Manolaki P, Mouridsen MB, Nielsen E, Olesen A, Jensen SM, Lauridsen TL, Baattrup-Pedersen A, Sorrell BK, Riis T. A comparison of nutrient uptake efficiency and growth rate between different macrophyte growth forms. J Environ Manage 2020; 274:111181. [PMID: 32810679 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.111181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Revised: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 08/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Aquatic macrophytes grow abundantly in many lowland streams and play a key role in ecosystem functioning, such as nutrient retention. In this study, we performed a microcosm experiment to quantify and compare the contribution of two freshwater macrophyte growth forms to nutrient cycling. We measured and compared inorganic nitrogen (NH4-N and NO3-N) and phosphorus (PO4-P) uptake kinetic parameters (Vmax and Cmin) in 12 submerged and seven amphibious plant species. We tested whether relative growth rate (RGR) was related to high Vmax and low Cmin, and quantified changes in nutrient uptake kinetic in a subset of six out of 19 plants species during the growth season. Uptake rates of NH4-N were higher in submerged compared to amphibious plants, whereas uptake rates of NO3-N were significantly higher in amphibious species; PO4-P uptake kinetics were not significantly different between the two growth forms. There were also significant seasonal differences in Vmax NH4-N rate among both submerged and amphibious species and in Vmax NO3-N among amphibious species. Highest uptake rates were observed in summer for both submerged and amphibious species. Overall, we found that nutrient uptake kinetics differed between the two growth forms within and between seasons. Consequently, the presence of both growth forms should extend the period of nutrient uptake across the year and enhance nutrient uptake within seasons. We conclude that higher functional diversity enhances annual nutrient uptake in streams and that stream restoration efforts should consider increasing the niche space available for both submerged and amphibious species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P Manolaki
- Aarhus Institute of Advanced Studies, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark; Department of Biology, Aarhus University, Ole Worms Allé 1, Aarhus, Denmark.
| | - M B Mouridsen
- Department of Biology, Aarhus University, Ole Worms Allé 1, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - E Nielsen
- Department of Biology, Aarhus University, Ole Worms Allé 1, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - A Olesen
- Department of Biology, Aarhus University, Ole Worms Allé 1, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - S M Jensen
- Department of Biology, Aarhus University, Ole Worms Allé 1, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - T L Lauridsen
- Department of Biology, Aarhus University, Ole Worms Allé 1, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - A Baattrup-Pedersen
- Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Vejlsøvej 25, P.O. Box 314, DK-8600, Silkeborg, Denmark
| | - B K Sorrell
- Department of Biology, Aarhus University, Ole Worms Allé 1, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - T Riis
- Department of Biology, Aarhus University, Ole Worms Allé 1, Aarhus, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Proctor T, Revelle M, Nielsen E, Rudinger K, Lobser D, Maunz P, Blume-Kohout R, Young K. Detecting and tracking drift in quantum information processors. Nat Commun 2020; 11:5396. [PMID: 33106482 PMCID: PMC7588494 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-19074-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
If quantum information processors are to fulfill their potential, the diverse errors that affect them must be understood and suppressed. But errors typically fluctuate over time, and the most widely used tools for characterizing them assume static error modes and rates. This mismatch can cause unheralded failures, misidentified error modes, and wasted experimental effort. Here, we demonstrate a spectral analysis technique for resolving time dependence in quantum processors. Our method is fast, simple, and statistically sound. It can be applied to time-series data from any quantum processor experiment. We use data from simulations and trapped-ion qubit experiments to show how our method can resolve time dependence when applied to popular characterization protocols, including randomized benchmarking, gate set tomography, and Ramsey spectroscopy. In the experiments, we detect instability and localize its source, implement drift control techniques to compensate for this instability, and then demonstrate that the instability has been suppressed. Time-dependent errors are one of the main obstacles to fully-fledged quantum information processing. Here, the authors develop a general methodology to monitor time-dependent errors, which could be used to make other characterisation protocols time-resolved, and demonstrate it on a trapped-ion qubit.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Timothy Proctor
- Quantum Performance Laboratory, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, NM, 87185, USA. .,Quantum Performance Laboratory, Sandia National Laboratories, Livermore, CA, 94550, USA.
| | | | - Erik Nielsen
- Quantum Performance Laboratory, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, NM, 87185, USA.,Quantum Performance Laboratory, Sandia National Laboratories, Livermore, CA, 94550, USA
| | - Kenneth Rudinger
- Quantum Performance Laboratory, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, NM, 87185, USA.,Quantum Performance Laboratory, Sandia National Laboratories, Livermore, CA, 94550, USA
| | - Daniel Lobser
- Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, NM, 87185, USA
| | - Peter Maunz
- Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, NM, 87185, USA
| | - Robin Blume-Kohout
- Quantum Performance Laboratory, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, NM, 87185, USA.,Quantum Performance Laboratory, Sandia National Laboratories, Livermore, CA, 94550, USA
| | - Kevin Young
- Quantum Performance Laboratory, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, NM, 87185, USA.,Quantum Performance Laboratory, Sandia National Laboratories, Livermore, CA, 94550, USA
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Leri M, Vasarri M, Palazzi L, Barletta E, Nielsen E, Bucciantini M, Degl'Innocenti D. Maysin plays a protective role against α-Synuclein oligomers cytotoxicity by triggering autophagy activation. Food Chem Toxicol 2020; 144:111626. [PMID: 32738375 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2020.111626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a widespread neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the progressive loss of neurons. The accumulation of aggregated forms of the α-Synuclein (Syn) protein is the main cause of neurotoxicity in PD by disrupting cellular homeostasis until neuronal death. Scientific research is constantly looking for natural products as preventive agents against the progression of several neurodisorders due their safety and non-toxic nature. Neuroprotective phytochemicals include Maysin (Mys), the most abundant C-glycosilflavone in corn silk. In this work, the Mys protective role against damage by Syn amyloid aggregates - oligomers and fibrils - was investigated in SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells obtaining novel and interesting information concerning the Mys molecular mechanism of action. Mys showed effectiveness in preventing the typical toxic events induced by Syn amyloid aggregates, i.e. oxidative stress and imbalance of intracellular calcium homeostasis. Mys exhibited a cytoprotective role, especially against Syn oligomers injury, activating an autophagic degradative process, thus playing a key role on several features of amyloid neurotoxicity. Therefore, Mys could be proposed for the first time to the scientific community as an interesting novel natural compound that might allow to develop alternative strategies to prevent the damage of Syn oligomers involved in Parkinson's disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Leri
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, Viale Morgagni 50, 50134, Florence, Italy; Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, University of Florence, Viale Pieraccini, 6, 50139, Florence, Italy.
| | - Marzia Vasarri
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, Viale Morgagni 50, 50134, Florence, Italy.
| | - Luana Palazzi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, CRIBI Biotechnology Centre, University of Padua, via F. Marzolo 5, 35131, Padua, Italy.
| | - Emanuela Barletta
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, Viale Morgagni 50, 50134, Florence, Italy.
| | - Erik Nielsen
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, via Ferrata 9, 27100, Pavia, Italy.
| | - Monica Bucciantini
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, Viale Morgagni 50, 50134, Florence, Italy.
| | - Donatella Degl'Innocenti
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, Viale Morgagni 50, 50134, Florence, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Yang J, Bak G, Burgin T, Barnes WJ, Mayes HB, Peña MJ, Urbanowicz BR, Nielsen E. Biochemical and Genetic Analysis Identify CSLD3 as a beta-1,4-Glucan Synthase That Functions during Plant Cell Wall Synthesis. Plant Cell 2020; 32:1749-1767. [PMID: 32169960 PMCID: PMC7203914 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.19.00637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Revised: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
In plants, changes in cell size and shape during development fundamentally depend on the ability to synthesize and modify cell wall polysaccharides. The main classes of cell wall polysaccharides produced by terrestrial plants are cellulose, hemicelluloses, and pectins. Members of the cellulose synthase (CESA) and cellulose synthase-like (CSL) families encode glycosyltransferases that synthesize the β-1,4-linked glycan backbones of cellulose and most hemicellulosic polysaccharides that comprise plant cell walls. Cellulose microfibrils are the major load-bearing component in plant cell walls and are assembled from individual β-1,4-glucan polymers synthesized by CESA proteins that are organized into multimeric complexes called CESA complexes, in the plant plasma membrane. During distinct modes of polarized cell wall deposition, such as in the tip growth that occurs during the formation of root hairs and pollen tubes or de novo formation of cell plates during plant cytokinesis, newly synthesized cell wall polysaccharides are deposited in a restricted region of the cell. These processes require the activity of members of the CESA-like D subfamily. However, while these CSLD polysaccharide synthases are essential, the nature of the polysaccharides they synthesize has remained elusive. Here, we use a combination of genetic rescue experiments with CSLD-CESA chimeric proteins, in vitro biochemical reconstitution, and supporting computational modeling and simulation, to demonstrate that Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) CSLD3 is a UDP-glucose-dependent β-1,4-glucan synthase that forms protein complexes displaying similar ultrastructural features to those formed by CESA6.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiyuan Yang
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109
| | - Gwangbae Bak
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109
| | - Tucker Burgin
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109
| | - William J Barnes
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602
| | - Heather B Mayes
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109
| | - Maria J Peña
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602
| | - Breeanna R Urbanowicz
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602
| | - Erik Nielsen
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Abstract
Small GTP-binding proteins represent a highly conserved signaling module in eukaryotes that regulates diverse cellular processes such as signal transduction, cytoskeletal organization and cell polarity, cell proliferation and differentiation, intracellular membrane trafficking and transport vesicle formation, and nucleocytoplasmic transport. These proteins function as molecular switches that cycle between active and inactive states, and this cycle is linked to GTP binding and hydrolysis. In this review, the roles of the plant complement of small GTP-binding proteins in these cellular processes are described, as well as accessory proteins that control their activity, and current understanding of the functions of individual members of these families in plants-with a focus on the model organism Arabidopsis-is presented. Some potential novel roles of these GTPases in plants, relative to their established roles in yeast and/or animal systems, are also discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Erik Nielsen
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA;
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Colombo F, Paolo D, Cominelli E, Sparvoli F, Nielsen E, Pilu R. MRP Transporters and Low Phytic Acid Mutants in Major Crops: Main Pleiotropic Effects and Future Perspectives. Front Plant Sci 2020; 11:1301. [PMID: 32973854 PMCID: PMC7481554 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.01301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Phytic acid (PA) represents the major storage form of seed phosphate (P). During seed maturation, it accumulates as phytate salts chelating various mineral cations, therefore reducing their bioavailability. During germination, phytase dephosphorylates PA releasing both P and cations which in turn can be used for the nutrition of the growing seedling. Animals do not possess phytase, thus monogastric animals assimilate only 10% of the phytate ingested with feed, whilst 90% is excreted and may contribute to cause P pollution of the environment. To overcome this double problem, nutritional and environmental, in the last four decades, many low phytic acid (lpa) mutants (most of which affect the PA-MRP transporters) have been isolated and characterized in all major crops, showing that the lpa trait can increase the nutritional quality of foods and feeds and improve P management in agriculture. Nevertheless, these mutations are frequently accompanied by negative pleiotropic effects leading to agronomic defects which may affect either seed viability and germination or plant development or in some cases even increase the resistance to cooking, thus limiting the interest of breeders. Therefore, although some significant results have been reached, the isolation of lpa mutants improved for their nutritional quality and with a good field performance remains a goal so far not fully achieved for many crops. Here, we will summarize the main pleiotropic effects that have been reported to date in lpa mutants affected in PA-MRP transporters in five productive agronomic species, as well as addressing some of the possible challenges to overcome these hurdles and improve the breeding efforts for lpa mutants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Federico Colombo
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences—Production Landscape, Agroenergy, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Dario Paolo
- Institute of Agricultural Biology and Biotechnology, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Milan, Italy
| | - Eleonora Cominelli
- Institute of Agricultural Biology and Biotechnology, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Milan, Italy
| | - Francesca Sparvoli
- Institute of Agricultural Biology and Biotechnology, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Milan, Italy
| | - Erik Nielsen
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Università degli Studi di Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Roberto Pilu
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences—Production Landscape, Agroenergy, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
- *Correspondence: Roberto Pilu,
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Nielsen E, Temporiti MEE, Cella R. Improvement of phytochemical production by plant cells and organ culture and by genetic engineering. Plant Cell Rep 2019; 38:1199-1215. [PMID: 31055622 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-019-02415-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Plants display an amazing ability to synthesize a vast array of secondary metabolites that are an inexhaustible source of phytochemicals, bioactive molecules some of which impact the human health. Phytochemicals present in medicinal herbs and spices have long been used as natural remedies against illness. Plant tissue culture represents an alternative to whole plants as a source of phytochemicals. This approach spares agricultural land that can be used for producing food and other raw materials, thus favoring standardized phytochemical production regardless of climatic adversities and political events. Over the past 20 years, different strategies have been developed to increase the synthesis and the extraction of phytochemicals from tissue culture often obtaining remarkable results. Moreover, the availability of genomics and metabolomics tools, along with improved recombinant methods related to the ability to overexpress, silence or disrupt one or more genes of the pathway of interest promise to open new exciting possibilities of metabolic engineering. This review provides a general framework of the cellular and molecular tools developed so far to enhance the yield of phytochemicals. Additionally, some emerging topics such as the culture of cambial meristemoid cells, the selection of plant cell following the expression of genes encoding human target proteins, and the bioextraction of phytochemicals from plant material have been addressed. Altogether, the herein described techniques and results are expected to improve metabolic engineering tools aiming at improving the production of phytochemicals of pharmaceutical and nutraceutical interest.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Erik Nielsen
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, Via Ferrata 9, 27100, Pavia, Italy.
| | | | - Rino Cella
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, Via Ferrata 9, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Sample M, Aslan CE, Policelli N, Sanford RL, Nielsen E, Nuñez MA. Increase in nonnative understorey vegetation cover after nonnative conifer removal and passive restoration. AUSTRAL ECOL 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/aec.12812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Martha Sample
- Landscape Conservation Initiative Northern Arizona University Flagstaff Arizona 86011 USA
| | - Clare E. Aslan
- Landscape Conservation Initiative Northern Arizona University Flagstaff Arizona 86011 USA
- School of Earth and Sustainability Northern Arizona University Flagstaff Arizona USA
| | - Nahuel Policelli
- Grupo de Ecología de Invasiones INIBIOMA CONICET Universidad Nacional del Comahue Bariloche Argentina
| | - Robert L. Sanford
- School of Earth and Sustainability Northern Arizona University Flagstaff Arizona USA
| | - Erik Nielsen
- School of Earth and Sustainability Northern Arizona University Flagstaff Arizona USA
| | - Martín A. Nuñez
- Grupo de Ecología de Invasiones INIBIOMA CONICET Universidad Nacional del Comahue Bariloche Argentina
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Proctor TJ, Carignan-Dugas A, Rudinger K, Nielsen E, Blume-Kohout R, Young K. Direct Randomized Benchmarking for Multiqubit Devices. Phys Rev Lett 2019; 123:030503. [PMID: 31386463 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.123.030503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Benchmarking methods that can be adapted to multiqubit systems are essential for assessing the overall or "holistic" performance of nascent quantum processors. The current industry standard is Clifford randomized benchmarking (RB), which measures a single error rate that quantifies overall performance. But, scaling Clifford RB to many qubits is surprisingly hard. It has only been performed on one, two, and three qubits as of this writing. This reflects a fundamental inefficiency in Clifford RB: the n-qubit Clifford gates at its core have to be compiled into large circuits over the one- and two-qubit gates native to a device. As n grows, the quality of these Clifford gates quickly degrades, making Clifford RB impractical at relatively low n. In this Letter, we propose a direct RB protocol that mostly avoids compiling. Instead, it uses random circuits over the native gates in a device, which are seeded by an initial layer of Clifford-like randomization. We demonstrate this protocol experimentally on two to five qubits using the publicly available ibmqx5. We believe this to be the greatest number of qubits holistically benchmarked, and this was achieved on a freely available device without any special tuning up. Our protocol retains the simplicity and convenient properties of Clifford RB: it estimates an error rate from an exponential decay. But, it can be extended to processors with more qubits-we present simulations on 10+ qubits-and it reports a more directly informative and flexible error rate than the one reported by Clifford RB. We show how to use this flexibility to measure separate error rates for distinct sets of gates, and we use this method to estimate the average error rate of a set of cnot gates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Timothy J Proctor
- Quantum Performance Laboratory, Sandia National Laboratories, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - Arnaud Carignan-Dugas
- Institute for Quantum Computing and the Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Kenneth Rudinger
- Quantum Performance Laboratory, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, USA
| | - Erik Nielsen
- Quantum Performance Laboratory, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, USA
| | - Robin Blume-Kohout
- Quantum Performance Laboratory, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, USA
| | - Kevin Young
- Quantum Performance Laboratory, Sandia National Laboratories, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Sen S, Nielsen T, Nielsen E, Pryds O, Cortes D. LED virtual windows are valuable in windowless consultation rooms. Dan Med J 2018; 65:A5499. [PMID: 30187858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Due to the design of Hvidovre Hospital, the outpatient clinic of the Department of Paediatrics has windowless consultation rooms. Work environment surveys revealed that nurses and doctors working in these windowless rooms considered the lack of natural light a considerable health problem. This study evaluated the effects of installing light-emitting diode (LED) virtual windows in these rooms. METHODS Four similar windowless consultations rooms located next to each other were used in the study. All had older T-5 fluorescent luminaires installed. In two of these rooms, Servodan LED virtual windows depicting various natural scenes were installed. The illuminance and correlated colour temperature (CCT) of each room's lighting was measured, and a work environment questionnaire was filled out by nurses and doctors working in each room. RESULTS A total of 113 questionnaires were collected and evaluated. LED virtual windows produced an improved perception of lighting conditions, both at the desk (p < 0.001) and in the rooms in general (p < 0.001) and improved the overall positive experience of the rooms (p = 0.02). A tendency towards concentration difficulties was reported less often in the rooms with LED virtual windows, (p = 0.11). Retinal illuminance (p = 0.02) as well as CCT at the desk (p < 0.005) and at the retina (p < 0.01) alike were increased in rooms with LED virtual windows. CONCLUSIONS LED virtual windows improved the lighting experience, the impression of the space, the retinal illuminance and the CCT at the desk and at the retina in the windowless rooms. FUNDING none. TRIAL REGISTRATION not relevant.
Collapse
|
24
|
Blume-Kohout R, Gamble JK, Nielsen E, Rudinger K, Mizrahi J, Fortier K, Maunz P. Publisher Correction: Demonstration of qubit operations below a rigorous fault tolerance threshold with gate set tomography. Nat Commun 2018; 9:16226. [PMID: 29938692 PMCID: PMC6026918 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms16226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
This corrects the article DOI: 10.1038/ncomms14485.
Collapse
|
25
|
Dale GH, Svendsen KB, Gjelstrup MC, Christensen T, Houen G, Nielsen E, Bek T, Petersen T. Incidence of neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder in the Central Denmark Region. Acta Neurol Scand 2018; 137:582-588. [PMID: 29359475 DOI: 10.1111/ane.12903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Neuromyelitis optica (NMO)/NMO spectrum disorder (NMOSD) may be misdiagnosed as multiple sclerosis. The aim of this study was to (i) to measure AQP4-IgG in patients who fulfilled the clinical and radiological criteria of NMOSD in the Central Denmark Region and (ii) to estimate the incidence of NMOSD in the region, according to both the 2006 Wingerchuk criteria and the 2015 International Panel for NMO Diagnosis criteria. MATERIALS AND METHODS Medical records of all patients diagnosed with a demyelinating disorder in the region from 1 January 2012 to 31 December 2013 were reviewed. Patients were classified as having (i) "NMO" if the 2006 criteria were met, (ii) "NMOSD with AQP4-IgG" or (iii) "NMOSD without/unknown AQP-IgG" if the new 2015 NMOSD criteria were met. Patients with core symptoms were invited to provide a blood sample for AQP4-IgG analysis with an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and a cell-based indirect immunofluorescence assay. RESULTS In 191 patients with core symptoms, one met the 2015 NMOSD with AQP4-IgG criteria. Two patients met the 2006 NMO and 2015 NMOSD without/unknown AQP4-IgG criteria. Among 108 patients providing a blood sample, all were seronegative. The estimated incidence of NMO (2006 criteria) and NMOSD (2015 criteria) was 0.08 and 0.12 per 100 000 person-years, respectively. CONCLUSION NMO/NMOSD is a rare disease in the Central Denmark Region, with a considerably lower incidence rate than previously estimated in a neighbouring region.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G. H. Dale
- Department of Neurology; Aarhus University Hospital; Aarhus Denmark
- Department of Biomedicine; Aarhus University; Aarhus Denmark
| | - K. B. Svendsen
- Department of Neurology; Aarhus University Hospital; Aarhus Denmark
| | - M. C. Gjelstrup
- Department of Biomedicine; Aarhus University; Aarhus Denmark
| | - T. Christensen
- Department of Biomedicine; Aarhus University; Aarhus Denmark
| | - G. Houen
- Department of Autoimmunology and Biomarkers; Statens Serum Institut; Copenhagen Denmark
| | - E. Nielsen
- Department of Neuroradiology; Aarhus University Hospital; Aarhus Denmark
| | - T. Bek
- Department of Ophthalmology; Aarhus University Hospital; Aarhus Denmark
| | - T. Petersen
- Department of Neurology; Aarhus University Hospital; Aarhus Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Boncompagni E, Orozco-Arroyo G, Cominelli E, Gangashetty PI, Grando S, Kwaku Zu TT, Daminati MG, Nielsen E, Sparvoli F. Antinutritional factors in pearl millet grains: Phytate and goitrogens content variability and molecular characterization of genes involved in their pathways. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0198394. [PMID: 29856884 PMCID: PMC5983567 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0198394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2018] [Accepted: 04/22/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Pearl millet [Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.] is an important "orphan" cereal and the most widely grown of all the millet species worldwide. It is also the sixth most important cereal in the world after wheat, rice, maize, barley, and sorghum, being largely grown and used in West Africa as well as in India and Pakistan. The present study was carried out in the frame of a program designed to increase benefits and reduce potential health problems deriving from the consumption of pearl millet. The specific goal was to provide a database of information on the variability existing in pearl millet germplasm as to the amounts of phytate, the most relevant antinutrient compound, and the goitrogenic compounds C-glycosylflavones (C-GFs) accumulated in the grain.Results we obtained clearly show that, as indicated by the range in values, a substantial variability subsists across the investigated pearl millet inbred lines as regards the grain level of phytic acid phosphate, while the amount of C-GFs shows a very high variation. Suitable potential parents to be used in breeding programs can be therefore chosen from the surveyed material in order to create new germplasm with increased nutritional quality and food safety. Moreover, we report novel molecular data showing which genes are more relevant for phytic acid biosynthesis in the seeds as well as a preliminary analysis of a pearl millet orthologous gene for C-GFs biosynthesis. These results open the way to dissect the genetic determinants controlling key seed nutritional phenotypes and to the characterization of their impact on grain nutritional value in pearl millet.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Prakash Irappa Gangashetty
- ICRISAT Sahelian Center, International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics, Niamey, Niger
| | - Stefania Grando
- ICRISAT Patancheru, International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | | | | | - Erik Nielsen
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Dale GH, Bacher Svendsen K, Gjelstrup MC, Christensen T, Houen G, Nielsen E, Bek T, Petersen T. Response to "Epidemiology of neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder''. Acta Neurol Scand 2018; 137:628-629. [PMID: 29732541 DOI: 10.1111/ane.12937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- G H Dale
- Department of Neurology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark.,Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - K Bacher Svendsen
- Department of Neurology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - M C Gjelstrup
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - T Christensen
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - G Houen
- Department of Autoimmunology and Biomarkers, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - E Nielsen
- Department of Neuroradiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - T Bek
- Department of Ophthalmology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - T Petersen
- Department of Neurology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Abstract
PURPOSE Traditional teaching for fixation of paediatric femur fractures recommends 80% nail diameter/medullary canal diameter ratio (ND/MCD) for successful maintenance of reduction. Prior studies have investigated this with stainless steel Enders nails. Our aim was to assess the impact of ND/MCD on maintenance of reduction and malunion rates in paediatric femur fractures treated with flexible intramedullary nails (FINs). METHODS Retrospective data was collected on all paediatric patients treated with FINs for diaphyseal femur fractures at a single tertiary care institution over a ten-year period. Patients with co-morbidities affecting bone quality were excluded. Patients were subdivided into groups based on ND/MCD. RESULTS A total of 66 patients met inclusion criteria. Mean ND/MCD was 76.3% (32.9% to 98.8%, SD 14.3). In all, 50% (n = 33/66) of patients had > 80% ND/MCD, and only 13.6% (n = 9/66) of patients had less than 60% ND/MCD. When controlling for fracture stability, ND/MCD had no correlation with mean shortening (p = 0.07) There was no correlation between ND/MCD and angulation in the sagittal (p = 0.96) or coronal plane (p = 0.20). Three patients fit malunion criteria. ND/MCD for these patients were 40%, 67% and 79%. CONCLUSION There was no correlation between ND/MCD and shortening or malangulation. The majority of patients in this series with less than 80% fill with FIN healed within acceptable parameters. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE III.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E. Nielsen
- Children’s Orthopaedic Center, Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - N. Bonsu
- Children’s Orthopaedic Center, Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - L. M. Andras
- Children’s Orthopaedic Center, Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - R. Y. Goldstein
- Children’s Orthopaedic Center, Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA,
Correspondence should be sent to R. Goldstein, Children’s Orthopaedic Center, Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, 4650 Sunset Blvd, MS#69, Los Angeles, CA 90027, United States. E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Abstract
PURPOSE Traditionally, flexible intramedullary nails (FINs) are not to be used to fix femur fractures in patients > 50 kg (110 lbs). However, studies have not examined the efficacy of this technique in overweight and obese patients who may be under this 'weight cutoff'. The purpose of this study was to assess how patient body mass index (BMI) impacts the treatment of paediatric femur fractures managed with FINs. METHODS Retrospective data was collected on all paediatric patients treated with FINs for diaphyseal femur fractures at a single tertiary care institution over a ten-year period. BMI was calculated and categorised according to the Centre for Disease Control BMI Calculator for Children and Teens. Patients with comorbidities affecting bone quality were excluded. RESULTS A total of 54 patients met inclusion criteria. In all, 14 patients were underweight, 20 were within a normal weight range, and 20 were overweight/obese. There was no correlation between BMI and mean shortening (underweight: 7.1 mm, normal weight: 5.2 mm, overweight/obese: 7.2 mm; p = 0.55). There was no correlation between BMI and mean anterior/posterior angulation (underweight: 3.1°, normal weight: 3.8°, overweight/obese: 3.3°; p = 0.93). There was no correlation between BMI and varus/valgus angulation (underweight: -0.86°, normal weight: -0.5°, overweight/obese: -1.25°; p = 0.89). Three cases fit malunion criteria. One of these patients fell into the 'underweight' category and two patients fell into the 'normal weight' category. CONCLUSION We found no association between BMI and malunion in FIN fixation of femoral diaphyseal fractures in children. All cases of malunion were seen in underweight or normal weight patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E. Nielsen
- Children’s Orthopaedic Center, Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - L. M. Andras
- Children’s Orthopaedic Center, Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - N. Bonsu
- Children’s Orthopaedic Center, Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - R. Y. Goldstein
- Children’s Orthopaedic Center, Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA.,Correspondence should be sent to Dr Rachel Y. Goldstein, Children’s Orthopaedic Center, Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, 4650 Sunset Blvd, MS#69, Los Angeles, California 90027, United States. E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Schiodt M, Ottesen C, Madsen S, Nielsen E, Sand L, Gjoedesen C. Risk of osteonecrosis of the jaws after tooth extraction of 270 teeth with alveolectomy and primary surgical closure in 111 patients on antiresorptive treatment. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijom.2017.02.399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
|
31
|
Blume-Kohout R, Gamble JK, Nielsen E, Rudinger K, Mizrahi J, Fortier K, Maunz P. Demonstration of qubit operations below a rigorous fault tolerance threshold with gate set tomography. Nat Commun 2017; 8:ncomms14485. [PMID: 28198466 PMCID: PMC5330857 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms14485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2016] [Accepted: 01/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Quantum information processors promise fast algorithms for problems inaccessible to classical computers. But since qubits are noisy and error-prone, they will depend on fault-tolerant quantum error correction (FTQEC) to compute reliably. Quantum error correction can protect against general noise if-and only if-the error in each physical qubit operation is smaller than a certain threshold. The threshold for general errors is quantified by their diamond norm. Until now, qubits have been assessed primarily by randomized benchmarking, which reports a different error rate that is not sensitive to all errors, and cannot be compared directly to diamond norm thresholds. Here we use gate set tomography to completely characterize operations on a trapped-Yb+-ion qubit and demonstrate with greater than 95% confidence that they satisfy a rigorous threshold for FTQEC (diamond norm ≤6.7 × 10-4).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robin Blume-Kohout
- Center for Computing Research, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, USA
| | - John King Gamble
- Center for Computing Research, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, USA
| | - Erik Nielsen
- Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, USA
| | - Kenneth Rudinger
- Center for Computing Research, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, USA
| | - Jonathan Mizrahi
- Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, USA
| | - Kevin Fortier
- Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, USA
| | - Peter Maunz
- Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, USA
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Feinberg J, Nielsen E, Korang S, Engell K, Rasmussen M, Zhang K, Didriksen M, Lund L, Lindahl N, Hallum S, Yang X, Liang N, Xiong W, Brunsgaard P, Garioud A, Safi S, Lindschou J, Kondrup J, Gluud C, Jakobsen J. OR29: Nutrition Support in Hospitalised Adults at Nutritional Risk. A Cochrane Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis and Trial Sequential Analysis. Clin Nutr 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/s0261-5614(16)30268-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
33
|
Gu F, Bringmann M, Combs JR, Yang J, Bergmann DC, Nielsen E. Arabidopsis CSLD5 Functions in Cell Plate Formation in a Cell Cycle-Dependent Manner. Plant Cell 2016; 28:1722-37. [PMID: 27354558 PMCID: PMC4981133 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.16.00203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2016] [Revised: 06/09/2016] [Accepted: 06/25/2016] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
In plants, the presence of a load-bearing cell wall presents unique challenges during cell division. Unlike other eukaryotes, which undergo contractile cytokinesis upon completion of mitosis, plants instead synthesize and assemble a new dividing cell wall to separate newly formed daughter cells. Here, we mine transcriptome data from individual cell types in the Arabidopsis thaliana stomatal lineage and identify CSLD5, a member of the Cellulose Synthase Like-D family, as a cell wall biosynthesis enzyme uniquely enriched in rapidly dividing cell populations. We further show that CSLD5 is a direct target of SPEECHLESS, the master transcriptional regulator of these divisions during stomatal development. Using a combination of genetic analysis and in vivo localization of fluorescently tagged fusion proteins, we show that CSLD5 preferentially accumulates in dividing plant cells where it participates in the construction of newly forming cell plates. We show that CSLD5 is an unstable protein that is rapidly degraded upon completion of cell division and that the protein turnover characteristics of CSLD5 are altered in ccs52a2 mutants, indicating that CSLD5 turnover may be regulated by a cell cycle-associated E3-ubiquitin ligase, the anaphase-promoting complex.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fangwei Gu
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1048
| | - Martin Bringmann
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305-5020
| | - Jonathon R Combs
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1048
| | - Jiyuan Yang
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1048
| | - Dominique C Bergmann
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305-5020 HHMI, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305-5020
| | - Erik Nielsen
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1048
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Lennborn U, Nielsen E, Sandler H, Bertilsson M, Johansson A, Ahlner J, Kugelberg FC, Rubertsson S. Intox - A Prospective Measurement of Blood Concentrations of Routine Drugs in Patients Treated in the Intensive Care Unit. Intensive Care Med Exp 2015. [PMCID: PMC4796595 DOI: 10.1186/2197-425x-3-s1-a496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
|
35
|
Escobar-Hoyos LF, Shah R, Roa-Peña L, Najafian N, Vanner E, Banach A, Nielsen E, Al-Khalil R, Akalin A, Talmage D, Shroyer K. Abstract 2036: Keratin 17 mediates p27KIP1-nuclear export, proliferative signaling and tumor growth. Cancer Res 2015. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2015-2036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
One of the most fundamental traits of cancer cells is the ability to sustain proliferation by circumventing cell cycle regulatory programs normally controlled by tumor suppressors. Keratin 17 (K17) is not expressed in most somatic tissues but is overexpressed and is a negative prognostic marker in cervical, breast, ovarian, and gastric carcinomas. The mechanisms by which K17 contributes to cancer-related signaling, however, remain unknown. Here, we report that nuclear-localized K17 interacts with tumor suppressor p27KIP1 and mediates its nuclear export, maintaining proliferation.
After validating K17 is a prognostic marker in cervical cancer, independent of tumor stage, we performed in vitro and in vivo experiments to investigate the role of K17 in proliferative signaling and tumor growth using loss- and gain- of function approaches in cervical cancer and other cancer-derived cell lines. We found that K17 expression maintains proliferation, while silencing K17 induces G1 arrest by nuclear accumulation and stabilization of tumor suppressors p27KIP1 and pRb. During G1, K17 localizes in the nucleus, mediated by a classical bipartite nuclear localization signal (NLS) (AA385-400) that was identified by in silico analysis. This NLS is specific among keratins and present only in primates but not in other species. To our knowledge, this is the first report that a keratin has a NLS and is capable of undergoing nuclear translocation.
During G1, p27KIP1is exported from the nucleus in a CRM1-dependent manner and is subsequently degraded, triggering G1/S transition. p27KIP1 lacks the classical leucine-rich nuclear export signal (NES) and requires an adaptor for CRM1-exportin binding. After confirming the binding of K17 and p27KIP1 within the nucleus, we performed in silico analyses and identified a leucine-rich NES required for CRM1-binding in K17 (AA194-199), which was further validated by a 3-fold nuclear retention of K17 and p27KIP1 after leptomycin B treatment. We introduced point mutations within the K17-NES (mNES) and the K17-NLS (mNLS). Nuclear p27KIP1 was lost in cells expressing wild-type K17. In contrast, nuclear p27KIP1 levels were 3-fold higher in cells expressing either mNLS or mNES. Furthermore, nuclear localization of K17 was abolished in mNLS cells.
Xenografts of cervical cancer cells showed that tumors derived from K17 expressing cells were 3-times larger than those derived from K17 knockdown cells, the latter showing increased nuclear p27KIP1 and decreased PCNA and Ki67 expression. Finally, we identified an inverse correlation between K17 and p27KIP1 expression in human cervical cancer specimens, intertumorally and intratumorally.
These data suggest a model in which nuclear-localized K17 acts as an oncoprotein promoting G1/S transition in cancer cells, by mediating exportin binding and nuclear translocation of tumor suppressor p27KIP1, contributing to sustained proliferation, tumor aggressiveness and poor-patient outcome.
Citation Format: Luisa F. Escobar-Hoyos, Ruchi Shah, Lucia Roa-Peña, Nilofar Najafian, Elizabeth Vanner, Anna Banach, Erik Nielsen, Ramsey Al-Khalil, Ali Akalin, David Talmage, Kenneth Shroyer. Keratin 17 mediates p27KIP1-nuclear export, proliferative signaling and tumor growth. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 106th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2015 Apr 18-22; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(15 Suppl):Abstract nr 2036. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2015-2036
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ruchi Shah
- 1Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Ali Akalin
- 2University of Massachusetts, Worcester, MA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Escobar-Hoyos LF, Shah R, Roa-Peña L, Vanner EA, Najafian N, Banach A, Nielsen E, Al-Khalil R, Akalin A, Talmage D, Shroyer KR. Keratin-17 Promotes p27KIP1 Nuclear Export and Degradation and Offers Potential Prognostic Utility. Cancer Res 2015; 75:3650-62. [PMID: 26109559 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-15-0293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2015] [Accepted: 05/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Keratins that are overexpressed selectively in human carcinomas may offer diagnostic and prognostic utility. In this study, we show that high expression of keratin-17 (K17) predicts poor outcome in patients with cervical cancer, at early or late stages of disease, surpassing in accuracy either tumor staging or loss of p27(KIP1) as a negative prognostic marker in this setting. We investigated the mechanistic basis for the biologic impact of K17 through loss- and gain-of-function experiments in human cervix, breast, and pancreatic cancer cells. Specifically, we determined that K17 functions as an oncoprotein by regulating the subcellular localization and degradation of p27(KIP1). We found that K17 was released from intermediate filaments and translocated into the nucleus via a nuclear localization signal (NLS), specific among keratins, where it bound p27(KIP1) during G1 phase of the cell cycle. p27(KIP1) lacks a nuclear export signal (NES) and requires an adaptor for CRM1 binding for nuclear export. In K17, we defined and validated a leucine-rich NES that mediated CRM1 binding for export. Cervical cancer cells expressing K17 mutations in its NLS or NES signals exhibited an increase in levels of nuclear p27(KIP1), whereas cells expressing wild-type K17 exhibited a depletion in total endogenous p27(KIP1). In clinical specimens of cervical cancer, we confirmed that the expressions of K17 and p27(KIP1) were inversely correlated, both across tumors and within individual tumors. Overall, our findings establish that K17 functions specially among keratins as an oncoprotein by controlling the ability of p27(KIP1) to influence cervical cancer pathogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luisa F Escobar-Hoyos
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Stony Brook Medicine, Stony Brook, New York. Department of Pathology, Stony Brook Medicine, Stony Brook, New York. Department of Biology, Research Group Genetic Toxicology and Cytogenetics, Department of Natural Sciences and Education, Universidad del Cauca, Popayán, Cauca, Colombia
| | - Ruchi Shah
- Department of Pathology, Stony Brook Medicine, Stony Brook, New York
| | - Lucia Roa-Peña
- Department of Pathology, Stony Brook Medicine, Stony Brook, New York. Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, National University of Colombia, Bogotá, Cundinamarca, Colombia
| | | | - Nilofar Najafian
- Department of Pathology, Stony Brook Medicine, Stony Brook, New York
| | - Anna Banach
- Molecular and Cellular Biology, Stony Brook Medicine, Stony Brook, New York
| | - Erik Nielsen
- Department of Pathology, Stony Brook Medicine, Stony Brook, New York
| | - Ramsey Al-Khalil
- Department of Pathology, Stony Brook Medicine, Stony Brook, New York
| | - Ali Akalin
- Department of Pathology, University of Massachusetts Memorial Medical Center, Worcester, Massachusetts
| | - David Talmage
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Stony Brook Medicine, Stony Brook, New York
| | - Kenneth R Shroyer
- Department of Pathology, Stony Brook Medicine, Stony Brook, New York.
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Lago C, Landoni M, Cassani E, Cantaluppi E, Doria E, Nielsen E, Giorgi A, Pilu R. Study and characterization of an ancient European flint white maize rich in anthocyanins: Millo Corvo from Galicia. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0126521. [PMID: 25961304 PMCID: PMC4427395 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0126521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2014] [Accepted: 04/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In the second half of the last century, the American dent hybrids began to be widely grown, leading to the disappearance or marginalization of the less productive traditional varieties. Nowadays the characterization of traditional landraces can help breeders to discover precious alleles that could be useful for modern genetic improvement and allow a correct conservation of these open pollinated varieties (opvs). In this work we characterized the ancient coloured cultivar "Millo Corvo" typical of the Spanish region of Galicia. We showed that this cultivar accumulates high amounts of anthocyanins (83.4 mg/100g flour), and by TLC (Thin Layer Chromatography) and HPLC (High Pressure Liquid Chromatography) analysis, we demonstrated that they mainly consisted of cyanidin. Mapping and sequencing data demonstrate that anthocyanin pigmentation is due to the presence of the red color1 gene(r1), a transcription factor driving the accumulation of this pigment in the aleurone layer. Further chemical analysis showed that the kernels are lacking in carotenoids, as confirmed by genetic study. Finally a DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) radical scavenging ability test showed that Millo Corvo, even though lacking carotenoids, has a high antioxidant ability, and could be considered as a functional food due to the presence of anthocyanins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Lago
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie e Ambientali—Produzione, Territorio, Agroenergia, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 2, 20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Michela Landoni
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 26, 20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Elena Cassani
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie e Ambientali—Produzione, Territorio, Agroenergia, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 2, 20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Enrico Cantaluppi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie e Ambientali—Produzione, Territorio, Agroenergia, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 2, 20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Enrico Doria
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie, Università degli Studi di Pavia, Via Ferrata 9, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Erik Nielsen
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie, Università degli Studi di Pavia, Via Ferrata 9, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Annamaria Giorgi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie e Ambientali—Produzione, Territorio, Agroenergia, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 2, 20133, Milano, Italy
- Centre for Applied Studies in the Sustainable Management and Protection of the Mountain Environment—Ge.S.Di.Mont., Università degli Studi di Milano, Brescia, Italy
| | - Roberto Pilu
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie e Ambientali—Produzione, Territorio, Agroenergia, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 2, 20133, Milano, Italy
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Kim D, Ward DR, Simmons CB, Gamble JK, Blume-Kohout R, Nielsen E, Savage DE, Lagally MG, Friesen M, Coppersmith SN, Eriksson MA. Microwave-driven coherent operation of a semiconductor quantum dot charge qubit. Nat Nanotechnol 2015; 10:243-247. [PMID: 25686478 DOI: 10.1038/nnano.2014.336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2014] [Accepted: 12/18/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
An intuitive realization of a qubit is an electron charge at two well-defined positions of a double quantum dot. This qubit is simple and has the potential for high-speed operation because of its strong coupling to electric fields. However, charge noise also couples strongly to this qubit, resulting in rapid dephasing at all but one special operating point called the 'sweet spot'. In previous studies d.c. voltage pulses have been used to manipulate semiconductor charge qubits but did not achieve high-fidelity control, because d.c. gating requires excursions away from the sweet spot. Here, by using resonant a.c. microwave driving we achieve fast (greater than gigahertz) and universal single qubit rotations of a semiconductor charge qubit. The Z-axis rotations of the qubit are well protected at the sweet spot, and we demonstrate the same protection for rotations about arbitrary axes in the X-Y plane of the qubit Bloch sphere. We characterize the qubit operation using two tomographic approaches: standard process tomography and gate set tomography. Both methods consistently yield process fidelities greater than 86% with respect to a universal set of unitary single-qubit operations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dohun Kim
- Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - D R Ward
- Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - C B Simmons
- Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - John King Gamble
- Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, USA
| | | | - Erik Nielsen
- Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, USA
| | - D E Savage
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - M G Lagally
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - Mark Friesen
- Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - S N Coppersmith
- Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - M A Eriksson
- Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Antignani V, Klocko AL, Bak G, Chandrasekaran SD, Dunivin T, Nielsen E. Recruitment of PLANT U-BOX13 and the PI4Kβ1/β2 phosphatidylinositol-4 kinases by the small GTPase RabA4B plays important roles during salicylic acid-mediated plant defense signaling in Arabidopsis. Plant Cell 2015; 27:243-61. [PMID: 25634989 PMCID: PMC4330583 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.114.134262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2014] [Revised: 12/28/2014] [Accepted: 01/09/2015] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Protection against microbial pathogens involves the activation of cellular immune responses in eukaryotes, and this cellular immunity likely involves changes in subcellular membrane trafficking. In eukaryotes, members of the Rab GTPase family of small monomeric regulatory GTPases play prominent roles in the regulation of membrane trafficking. We previously showed that RabA4B is recruited to vesicles that emerge from trans-Golgi network (TGN) compartments and regulates polarized membrane trafficking in plant cells. As part of this regulation, RabA4B recruits the closely related phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase (PI4K) PI4Kβ1 and PI4Kβ2 lipid kinases. Here, we identify a second Arabidopsis thaliana RabA4B-interacting protein, PLANT U-BOX13 (PUB13), which has recently been identified to play important roles in salicylic acid (SA)-mediated defense signaling. We show that PUB13 interacts with RabA4B through N-terminal domains and with phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate (PI-4P) through a C-terminal armadillo domain. Furthermore, we demonstrate that a functional fluorescent PUB13 fusion protein (YFP-PUB13) localizes to TGN and Golgi compartments and that PUB13, PI4Kβ1, and PI4Kβ2 are negative regulators of SA-mediated induction of pathogenesis-related gene expression. Taken together, these results highlight a role for RabA4B and PI-4P in SA-dependent defense responses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzo Antignani
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109
| | - Amy L Klocko
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109
| | - Gwangbae Bak
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109
| | - Suma D Chandrasekaran
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109
| | - Taylor Dunivin
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109
| | - Erik Nielsen
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Abstract
Roots hairs are cylindrical extensions of root epidermal cells that are important for acquisition of nutrients, microbe interactions, and plant anchorage. The molecular mechanisms involved in the specification, differentiation, and physiology of root hairs in Arabidopsis are reviewed here. Root hair specification in Arabidopsis is determined by position-dependent signaling and molecular feedback loops causing differential accumulation of a WD-bHLH-Myb transcriptional complex. The initiation of root hairs is dependent on the RHD6 bHLH gene family and auxin to define the site of outgrowth. Root hair elongation relies on polarized cell expansion at the growing tip, which involves multiple integrated processes including cell secretion, endomembrane trafficking, cytoskeletal organization, and cell wall modifications. The study of root hair biology in Arabidopsis has provided a model cell type for insights into many aspects of plant development and cell biology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Claire Grierson
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK BS8 1UG
| | - Erik Nielsen
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA 48109
| | - Tijs Ketelaarc
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Wageningen University, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - John Schiefelbein
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA 48109
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Paranjpe DA, Medina D, Nielsen E, Cooper RD, Paranjpe SA, Sinervo B. Does Thermal Ecology Influence Dynamics of Side-Blotched Lizards and Their Micro-Parasites? Integr Comp Biol 2014; 54:108-17. [DOI: 10.1093/icb/icu069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
|
42
|
|
43
|
Abstract
PURPOSE Introducing a simple image grading system to support the interpretation of in vivo confocal microscopy (IVCM) images in filamentous fungal keratitis. SETTING Clinical and confocal studies took place at the Department of Ophthalmology, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark. Histopathological analysis was performed at the Eye Pathology Institute, Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Denmark. METHODS A recent series of consecutive patients with filamentous fungal keratitis is presented to demonstrate the results from in-house IVCM. Based upon our experience with IVCM and previously published images, we composed a grading system for interpreting IVCM images of filamentous fungal keratitis. RESULTS A recent case series of filamentous fungal keratitis from 2011 to 2012 was examined. There were 3 male and 3 female patients. Mean age was 44.5 years (range 12-69), 6 out of 17 (35%) cultures were positive and a total of 6/7 (86%) IVCM scans were positive. Three different categories of IVCM results for the grading of diagnostic certainty were formed. CONCLUSION IVCM is a valuable tool for diagnosing filamentous fungal keratitis. In order to improve the reliability of IVCM, we suggest implementing a simple and clinically applicable grading system for aiding the interpretation of IVCM images of filamentous fungal keratitis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E Nielsen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Skejby, Denmark
| | - S Heegaard
- Eye Pathology Institute, Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Skejby, Denmark ; Department of Ophthalmology, Glostrup Hospital, Glostrup, Aarhus University Hospital, Skejby, Denmark
| | - J U Prause
- Eye Pathology Institute, Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Skejby, Denmark
| | - A Ivarsen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Skejby, Denmark
| | - K L Mortensen
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Aarhus University Hospital, Skejby, Denmark
| | - J Hjortdal
- Department of Ophthalmology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Skejby, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Nguyen KT, Lilly MP, Nielsen E, Bishop N, Rahman R, Young R, Wendt J, Dominguez J, Pluym T, Stevens J, Lu TM, Muller R, Carroll MS. Charge sensed Pauli blockade in a metal-oxide-semiconductor lateral double quantum dot. Nano Lett 2013; 13:5785-5790. [PMID: 24199677 DOI: 10.1021/nl4020759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
We report Pauli blockade in a multielectron silicon metal-oxide-semiconductor double quantum dot with an integrated charge sensor. The current is rectified up to a blockade energy of 0.18 ± 0.03 meV. The blockade energy is analogous to singlet-triplet splitting in a two electron double quantum dot. Built-in imbalances of tunnel rates in the MOS DQD obfuscate some edges of the bias triangles. A method to extract the bias triangles is described, and a numeric rate-equation simulation is used to understand the effect of tunneling imbalances and finite temperature on charge stability (honeycomb) diagram, in particular the identification of missing and shifting edges. A bound on relaxation time of the triplet-like state is also obtained from this measurement.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Khoi T Nguyen
- Sandia National Laboratories , Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, United States
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Gu F, Nielsen E. Targeting and regulation of cell wall synthesis during tip growth in plants. J Integr Plant Biol 2013; 55:835-46. [PMID: 23758901 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.12077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2013] [Accepted: 05/20/2013] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Root hairs and pollen tubes are formed through tip growth, a process requiring synthesis of new cell wall material and the precise targeting and integration of these components to a selected apical plasma membrane domain in the growing tips of these cells. Presence of a tip-focused calcium gradient, control of actin cytoskeleton dynamics, and formation and targeting of secretory vesicles are essential to tip growth. Similar to cells undergoing diffuse growth, cellulose, hemicelluloses, and pectins are also deposited in the growing apices of tip-growing cells. However, differences in the manner in which these cell wall components are targeted and inserted in the expanding portion of tip-growing cells is reflected by the identification of elements of the plant cell wall synthesis machinery which have been shown to play unique roles in tip-growing cells. In this review, we summarize our current understanding of the tip growth process, with a particular focus on the subcellular targeting of newly synthesized cell wall components, and their roles in this form of plant cell expansion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fangwei Gu
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Petry N, Egli I, Campion B, Nielsen E, Hurrell R. Genetic reduction of phytate in common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) seeds increases iron absorption in young women. J Nutr 2013; 143:1219-24. [PMID: 23784069 DOI: 10.3945/jn.113.175067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Iron bioavailability from common beans is negatively influenced by phytic acid (PA) and polyphenols (PPs). Newly developed low-PA (lpa) beans with 90% less PA and variable PPs might improve iron bioavailability. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of lpa beans on iron bioavailability in women (n = 20). We compared iron absorption from 4 different beans using a paired, double meal, crossover design. Iron absorption was measured as erythrocyte incorporation of stable iron isotopes (Fe(57), Fe(58)) from 2 lpa bean lines, one high in PPs (means ± SDs; PA = 124 ± 10 mg/100 g; PPs = 462 ± 25 mg/100 g) and one low in PPs (PA = 70 ± 10 mg/100 g; PPs = 54 ± 2 mg/100 g). The other 2 beans used were their parents with a normal PA concentration, one high in PPs (PA = 1030 ± 30 mg/100 g; PPs = 676 ± 19 mg/100 g) and one low in PPs (PA = 1360 ± 10 mg/100 g; PPs = 58 ± 1 mg/100 g). Fractional iron absorption from the lpa bean high in PPs was 6.1% (95% CI: 2.6, 14.7), which was 60 and 130% higher compared with the parent high in PPs (P < 0.001) and low in PPs (P < 0.001), respectively. The total amount of iron absorbed per test meal from the lpa bean high in PPs (372 μg; 95% CI: 160, 890) was 60 and 163% higher compared with the parent high in PPs (P < 0.001) and low in PPs (P < 0.001), respectively. Fractional iron absorption from the lpa line low in PPs (4%; 95% CI: 1.8, 8.7) was 50% higher and the total amount of iron absorbed per test meal (261 μg; 95% CI: 120, 570) was 85% higher than iron from the parent low in PPs (P < 0.001). There was no difference between the lpa beans high or low in PPs or between the parents high or low in PPs. A 90% reduction in PA leads to an increase in bioavailable iron from beans, independent of the PP concentration. The lpa mutation could be a key tool for improving iron bioavailability from beans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicolai Petry
- Laboratory of Human Nutrition, Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, ETH, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
|
48
|
Marella HH, Nielsen E, Schachtman DP, Taylor CG. The amino acid permeases AAP3 and AAP6 are involved in root-knot nematode parasitism of Arabidopsis. Mol Plant Microbe Interact 2013; 26:44-54. [PMID: 23194341 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi-05-12-0123-fi] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita, is an obligate parasite which depends entirely on the host plant for its nutrition. Root-knot nematodes induce the formation of a highly specialized feeding site consisting of several giant cells surrounded by a network of vascular tissues. Nutrients, including amino acids and sugars, are transferred apoplastically from the vascular tissues to the feeding site. Using Arabidopsis thaliana lacking the vascular-expressed amino acid permeases (AAP) AAP3 or AAP6, we demonstrate that disruption of amino acid transport can affect nematode parasitism. Nematode infestation levels are significantly reduced on the aap3 and aap6 mutants. AAP3 and AAP6 act distinctly in the transport of amino acids to the feeding site, as demonstrated by differences in their carrying capacity profiles. Furthermore, analyses of promoter: β-glucuronidase lines show different expression patterns for AAP3 and AAP6 in infected roots. In the aap3-3 mutant, part of the decrease in infestation is connected to a defect in early infection, where juveniles enter but then leave the root. Both aap3-3 and aap6-1 produce fewer females and produce more adult male nematodes. Additionally, detrimental effects are observed in the nematodes harvested from aap3-3 and aap6-1 mutants, including decreased egg hatching and infectivity and lower levels of lipid reserves. The transport of amino acids by AAP3 and AAP6 is important for nematode infection and success of the progeny.
Collapse
|
49
|
|
50
|
|