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Lee AM, Laurent P, Nathan CF, Barrat FJ. Neutrophil-plasmacytoid dendritic cell interaction leads to production of type I IFN in response to Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Eur J Immunol 2024; 54:e2350666. [PMID: 38161237 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202350666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) can cause a latent infection that sometimes progresses to clinically active tuberculosis (TB). Type I interferons (IFN-I) have been implicated in initiating the progression from latency to active TB, in part because IFN-I stimulated genes are the earliest genes to be upregulated in patients as they advance to active TB. Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) are major producers of IFN-I during viral infections and in response to autoimmune-induced neutrophil extracellular traps. pDCs have also been suggested to be the major producers of IFN-I during Mtb infection of mice and nonhuman primates, but direct evidence has been lacking. Here, we found that Mtb did not stimulate isolated human pDCs to produce IFN-I, but human neutrophils infected with Mtb-activated co-cultured pDCs to do so. Mtb-infected neutrophils produced neutrophil extracellular traps, whose exposed DNA is a well-known mechanism to activate pDCs to secrete IFN-I. We conclude that pDCs contribute to the IFN-I response during Mtb infection by interacting with infected neutrophils which may then promote Mtb pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela M Lee
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
- Immunology & Microbial Pathogenesis Program, Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, New York, New York, USA
| | - Paôline Laurent
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
- Hospital for Special Surgery, HSS Research Institute, New York, New York, USA
| | - Carl F Nathan
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
- Immunology & Microbial Pathogenesis Program, Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, New York, New York, USA
| | - Franck J Barrat
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
- Immunology & Microbial Pathogenesis Program, Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, New York, New York, USA
- Hospital for Special Surgery, HSS Research Institute, New York, New York, USA
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2
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Çakan E, Ah Kioon MD, Garcia-Carmona Y, Glauzy S, Oliver D, Yamakawa N, Vega Loza A, Du Y, Schickel JN, Boeckers JM, Yang C, Baldo A, Ivashkiv LB, Young RM, Staudt LM, Moody KL, Nündel K, Marshak-Rothstein A, van der Made CI, Hoischen A, Hayward A, Rossato M, Radstake TR, Cunningham-Rundles C, Ryu C, Herzog EL, Barrat FJ, Meffre E. TLR9 ligand sequestration by chemokine CXCL4 negatively affects central B cell tolerance. J Exp Med 2023; 220:e20230944. [PMID: 37773045 PMCID: PMC10541333 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20230944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Central B cell tolerance is believed to be regulated by B cell receptor signaling induced by the recognition of self-antigens in immature B cells. Using humanized mice with defective MyD88, TLR7, or TLR9 expression, we demonstrate that TLR9/MYD88 are required for central B cell tolerance and the removal of developing autoreactive clones. We also show that CXCL4, a chemokine involved in systemic sclerosis (SSc), abrogates TLR9 function in B cells by sequestering TLR9 ligands away from the endosomal compartments where this receptor resides. The in vivo production of CXCL4 thereby impedes both TLR9 responses in B cells and the establishment of central B cell tolerance. We conclude that TLR9 plays an essential early tolerogenic function required for the establishment of central B cell tolerance and that correcting defective TLR9 function in B cells from SSc patients may represent a novel therapeutic strategy to restore B cell tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elif Çakan
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Marie Dominique Ah Kioon
- HSS Research Institute and David Z. Rosensweig Genomics Research Center, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yolanda Garcia-Carmona
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Salomé Glauzy
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - David Oliver
- HSS Research Institute and David Z. Rosensweig Genomics Research Center, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, USA
| | - Natsuko Yamakawa
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Andrea Vega Loza
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Yong Du
- HSS Research Institute and David Z. Rosensweig Genomics Research Center, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Joshua M. Boeckers
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Chao Yang
- HSS Research Institute and David Z. Rosensweig Genomics Research Center, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, USA
| | - Alessia Baldo
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Lionel B. Ivashkiv
- HSS Research Institute and David Z. Rosensweig Genomics Research Center, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ryan M. Young
- Lymphoid Malignancies Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Louis M. Staudt
- Lymphoid Malignancies Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Krishna L. Moody
- Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts School of Medicine, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Kerstin Nündel
- Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts School of Medicine, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Ann Marshak-Rothstein
- Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts School of Medicine, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Caspar I. van der Made
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Alexander Hoischen
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Anthony Hayward
- Warren Alper School of Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Marzia Rossato
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Timothy R.D.J. Radstake
- Laboratory of Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Charlotte Cunningham-Rundles
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Medicine and Pediatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Changwan Ryu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Erica L. Herzog
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Franck J. Barrat
- HSS Research Institute and David Z. Rosensweig Genomics Research Center, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Eric Meffre
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Section of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Clinical Immunology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
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3
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Yang C, Yuan R, Brauner C, Du Y, Ah Kioon MD, Barrat FJ, Ivashkiv LB. Dichotomous roles of RIPK3 in regulating the IFN response and NLRP3 inflammasome in human monocytes. J Leukoc Biol 2023; 114:615-629. [PMID: 37648661 PMCID: PMC10723620 DOI: 10.1093/jleuko/qiad095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2023] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Regulation of the profile and magnitude of toll-like receptor (TLR) responses is important for effective host defense against infections while minimizing inflammatory toxicity. The chemokine CXCL4 regulates the TLR8 response to amplify inflammatory gene and inflammasome activation while attenuating the interferon (IFN) response in primary monocytes. In this study, we describe an unexpected role for the kinase RIPK3 in suppressing the CXCL4 + TLR8-induced IFN response and providing signal 2 to activate the NLRP3 inflammasome and interleukin (IL)-1 production in primary human monocytes. RIPK3 also amplifies induction of inflammatory genes such as TNF, IL6, and IL1B while suppressing IL12B. Mechanistically, RIPK3 inhibits STAT1 activation and activates PI3K-Akt-dependent and XBP1- and NRF2-mediated stress responses to regulate downstream genes in a dichotomous manner. These findings identify new functions for RIPK3 in modulating TLR responses and provide potential mechanisms by which RIPK3 plays roles in inflammatory diseases and suggest targeting RIPK3 and XBP1- and NRF2-mediated stress responses as therapeutic strategies to suppress inflammation while preserving the IFN response for host defense.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Yang
- HSS Research Institute and David Z. Rosensweig Genomics Research Center, Hospital for Special Surgery, 535 E 70th St, New York, NY 10021, United States
| | - Ruoxi Yuan
- HSS Research Institute and David Z. Rosensweig Genomics Research Center, Hospital for Special Surgery, 535 E 70th St, New York, NY 10021, United States
| | - Caroline Brauner
- HSS Research Institute and David Z. Rosensweig Genomics Research Center, Hospital for Special Surgery, 535 E 70th St, New York, NY 10021, United States
| | - Yong Du
- HSS Research Institute and David Z. Rosensweig Genomics Research Center, Hospital for Special Surgery, 535 E 70th St, New York, NY 10021, United States
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1300 York Avenue, Box 62, New York, NY 10065, United States
| | - Marie Dominique Ah Kioon
- HSS Research Institute and David Z. Rosensweig Genomics Research Center, Hospital for Special Surgery, 535 E 70th St, New York, NY 10021, United States
| | - Franck J. Barrat
- HSS Research Institute and David Z. Rosensweig Genomics Research Center, Hospital for Special Surgery, 535 E 70th St, New York, NY 10021, United States
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1300 York Avenue, Box 62, New York, NY 10065, United States
- Immunology and Microbial Pathogenesis Program, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1300 York Avenue, Box 65, New York, NY 10065, United States
| | - Lionel B. Ivashkiv
- HSS Research Institute and David Z. Rosensweig Genomics Research Center, Hospital for Special Surgery, 535 E 70th St, New York, NY 10021, United States
- Immunology and Microbial Pathogenesis Program, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1300 York Avenue, Box 65, New York, NY 10065, United States
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, 530 East 70th Street, M-522, New York, NY 10021, United States
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4
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Youness A, Cenac C, Faz-López B, Grunenwald S, Barrat FJ, Chaumeil J, Mejía JE, Guéry JC. TLR8 escapes X chromosome inactivation in human monocytes and CD4 + T cells. Biol Sex Differ 2023; 14:60. [PMID: 37723501 PMCID: PMC10506212 DOI: 10.1186/s13293-023-00544-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human endosomal Toll-like receptors TLR7 and TLR8 recognize self and non-self RNA ligands, and are important mediators of innate immunity and autoimmune pathogenesis. TLR7 and TLR8 are, respectively, encoded by adjacent X-linked genes. We previously established that TLR7 evades X chromosome inactivation (XCI) in female immune cells. Whether TLR8 also evades XCI, however, has not yet been explored. METHOD In the current study, we used RNA fluorescence in situ hybridization (RNA FISH) to directly visualize, on a single-cell basis, primary transcripts of TLR7 and TLR8 relative to X chromosome territories in CD14+ monocytes and CD4+ T lymphocytes from women, Klinefelter syndrome (KS) men, and euploid men. To assign X chromosome territories in cells lacking robust expression of a XIST compartment, we designed probes specific for X-linked genes that do not escape XCI and therefore robustly label the active X chromosome. We also assessed whether XCI escape of TLR8 was associated with sexual dimorphism in TLR8 protein expression by western blot and flow cytometry. RESULTS Using RNA FISH, we show that TLR8, like TLR7, evades XCI in immune cells, and that cells harboring simultaneously TLR7 and TLR8 transcript foci are more frequent in women and KS men than in euploid men, resulting in a sevenfold difference in frequency. This transcriptional bias was again observable when comparing the single X of XY males with the active X of cells from females or KS males. Interestingly, TLR8 protein expression was significantly higher in female mononuclear blood cells, including all monocyte subsets, than in male cells. CONCLUSIONS TLR8, mirroring TLR7, escapes XCI in human monocytes and CD4+ T cells. Co-dependent transcription from the active X chromosome and escape from XCI could both contribute to higher TLR8 protein abundance in female cells, which may have implications for the response to viruses and bacteria, and the risk of developing inflammatory and autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Youness
- Institut Toulousain des Maladies Infectieuses et Inflammatoires (INFINITY), UMR 1291 INSERM, CNRS, Hôpital Purpan, Université de Toulouse, 31024 Toulouse, France
| | - Claire Cenac
- Institut Toulousain des Maladies Infectieuses et Inflammatoires (INFINITY), UMR 1291 INSERM, CNRS, Hôpital Purpan, Université de Toulouse, 31024 Toulouse, France
| | - Berenice Faz-López
- Institut Toulousain des Maladies Infectieuses et Inflammatoires (INFINITY), UMR 1291 INSERM, CNRS, Hôpital Purpan, Université de Toulouse, 31024 Toulouse, France
| | - Solange Grunenwald
- Service d’Endocrinologie, Maladies Métaboliques et Nutrition, Hôpital Larrey, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Toulouse, 31059 Toulouse, France
| | - Franck J. Barrat
- Hospital for Special Surgery, HSS Research Institute and David Z. Rosensweig Genomics Research Center, New York, NY 10021 USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY 10021 USA
| | - Julie Chaumeil
- INSERM, CNRS, Université Paris Cité, Institut Cochin, 75014 Paris, France
| | - José Enrique Mejía
- Institut Toulousain des Maladies Infectieuses et Inflammatoires (INFINITY), UMR 1291 INSERM, CNRS, Hôpital Purpan, Université de Toulouse, 31024 Toulouse, France
| | - Jean-Charles Guéry
- Institut Toulousain des Maladies Infectieuses et Inflammatoires (INFINITY), UMR 1291 INSERM, CNRS, Hôpital Purpan, Université de Toulouse, 31024 Toulouse, France
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5
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Cheong JG, Ravishankar A, Sharma S, Parkhurst CN, Grassmann SA, Wingert CK, Laurent P, Ma S, Paddock L, Miranda IC, Karakaslar EO, Nehar-Belaid D, Thibodeau A, Bale MJ, Kartha VK, Yee JK, Mays MY, Jiang C, Daman AW, Martinez de Paz A, Ahimovic D, Ramos V, Lercher A, Nielsen E, Alvarez-Mulett S, Zheng L, Earl A, Yallowitz A, Robbins L, LaFond E, Weidman KL, Racine-Brzostek S, Yang HS, Price DR, Leyre L, Rendeiro AF, Ravichandran H, Kim J, Borczuk AC, Rice CM, Jones RB, Schenck EJ, Kaner RJ, Chadburn A, Zhao Z, Pascual V, Elemento O, Schwartz RE, Buenrostro JD, Niec RE, Barrat FJ, Lief L, Sun JC, Ucar D, Josefowicz SZ. Epigenetic memory of coronavirus infection in innate immune cells and their progenitors. Cell 2023; 186:3882-3902.e24. [PMID: 37597510 PMCID: PMC10638861 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2023.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/21/2023]
Abstract
Inflammation can trigger lasting phenotypes in immune and non-immune cells. Whether and how human infections and associated inflammation can form innate immune memory in hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPC) has remained unclear. We found that circulating HSPC, enriched from peripheral blood, captured the diversity of bone marrow HSPC, enabling investigation of their epigenomic reprogramming following coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Alterations in innate immune phenotypes and epigenetic programs of HSPC persisted for months to 1 year following severe COVID-19 and were associated with distinct transcription factor (TF) activities, altered regulation of inflammatory programs, and durable increases in myelopoiesis. HSPC epigenomic alterations were conveyed, through differentiation, to progeny innate immune cells. Early activity of IL-6 contributed to these persistent phenotypes in human COVID-19 and a mouse coronavirus infection model. Epigenetic reprogramming of HSPC may underlie altered immune function following infection and be broadly relevant, especially for millions of COVID-19 survivors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Gyu Cheong
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA; Immunology and Microbial Pathogenesis Program, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Arjun Ravishankar
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Siddhartha Sharma
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT 06032, USA
| | | | - Simon A Grassmann
- Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Claire K Wingert
- Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Paoline Laurent
- HSS Research Institute, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Sai Ma
- Gene Regulation Observatory, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Lucinda Paddock
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | | | - Emin Onur Karakaslar
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT 06032, USA; Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | - Asa Thibodeau
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT 06032, USA
| | - Michael J Bale
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA; Immunology and Microbial Pathogenesis Program, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Vinay K Kartha
- Gene Regulation Observatory, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Jim K Yee
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Minh Y Mays
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Chenyang Jiang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Andrew W Daman
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA; Immunology and Microbial Pathogenesis Program, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Alexia Martinez de Paz
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Dughan Ahimovic
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA; Immunology and Microbial Pathogenesis Program, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Victor Ramos
- The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | | | - Erik Nielsen
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA; Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | | | - Ling Zheng
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Andrew Earl
- Gene Regulation Observatory, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Alisha Yallowitz
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Lexi Robbins
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | | | - Karissa L Weidman
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Sabrina Racine-Brzostek
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - He S Yang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - David R Price
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Louise Leyre
- Immunology and Microbial Pathogenesis Program, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - André F Rendeiro
- Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA; Caryl and Israel Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA; CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Austrian Academy of Sciences, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Hiranmayi Ravichandran
- Caryl and Israel Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA; Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Junbum Kim
- Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Alain C Borczuk
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Northwell Health, Greenvale, NY 11548, USA
| | | | - R Brad Jones
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Edward J Schenck
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Robert J Kaner
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Amy Chadburn
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Zhen Zhao
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Virginia Pascual
- Department of Pediatrics, Gale and Ira Drukier Institute for Children's Health, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Olivier Elemento
- Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA; Caryl and Israel Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Robert E Schwartz
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Jason D Buenrostro
- Gene Regulation Observatory, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Rachel E Niec
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA; The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Franck J Barrat
- Immunology and Microbial Pathogenesis Program, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA; HSS Research Institute, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY 10021, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Lindsay Lief
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Joseph C Sun
- Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Duygu Ucar
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT 06032, USA; Institute for Systems Genomics, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, USA.
| | - Steven Z Josefowicz
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA; Immunology and Microbial Pathogenesis Program, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA.
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6
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Chaudhary V, Ah Kioon MD, Hwang SM, Mishra B, Lakin K, Kirou KA, Zhang-Sun J, Wiseman RL, Spiera RF, Crow MK, Gordon JK, Cubillos-Ruiz JR, Barrat FJ. Chronic activation of pDCs in autoimmunity is linked to dysregulated ER stress and metabolic responses. J Exp Med 2022; 219:e20221085. [PMID: 36053251 PMCID: PMC9441715 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20221085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) chronically produce type I interferon (IFN-I) in autoimmune diseases, including systemic sclerosis (SSc) and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). We report that the IRE1α-XBP1 branch of the unfolded protein response (UPR) inhibits IFN-α production by TLR7- or TLR9-activated pDCs. In SSc patients, UPR gene expression was reduced in pDCs, which inversely correlated with IFN-I-stimulated gene expression. CXCL4, a chemokine highly secreted in SSc patients, downregulated IRE1α-XBP1-controlled genes and promoted IFN-α production by pDCs. Mechanistically, IRE1α-XBP1 activation rewired glycolysis to serine biosynthesis by inducing phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase (PHGDH) expression. This process reduced pyruvate access to the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle and blunted mitochondrial ATP generation, which are essential for pDC IFN-I responses. Notably, PHGDH expression was reduced in pDCs from patients with SSc and SLE, and pharmacological blockade of TCA cycle reactions inhibited IFN-I responses in pDCs from these patients. Hence, modulating the IRE1α-XBP1-PHGDH axis may represent a hitherto unexplored strategy for alleviating chronic pDC activation in autoimmune disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vidyanath Chaudhary
- HSS Research Institute and David Z. Rosensweig Genomics Research Center, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY
| | - Marie Dominique Ah Kioon
- HSS Research Institute and David Z. Rosensweig Genomics Research Center, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY
| | - Sung-Min Hwang
- Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Bikash Mishra
- HSS Research Institute and David Z. Rosensweig Genomics Research Center, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY
- Immunology and Microbial Pathogenesis Program, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Kimberly Lakin
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology and Scleroderma and Vasculitis Center, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY
| | - Kyriakos A. Kirou
- Mary Kirkland Center for Lupus Research, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY
| | - Jeffrey Zhang-Sun
- Mary Kirkland Center for Lupus Research, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY
| | - R. Luke Wiseman
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA
| | - Robert F. Spiera
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology and Scleroderma and Vasculitis Center, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY
| | - Mary K. Crow
- HSS Research Institute and David Z. Rosensweig Genomics Research Center, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY
- Mary Kirkland Center for Lupus Research, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Jessica K. Gordon
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology and Scleroderma and Vasculitis Center, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY
| | - Juan R. Cubillos-Ruiz
- Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY
- Immunology and Microbial Pathogenesis Program, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Franck J. Barrat
- HSS Research Institute and David Z. Rosensweig Genomics Research Center, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY
- Immunology and Microbial Pathogenesis Program, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY
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7
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Laurent P, Yang C, Rendeiro AF, Nilsson-Payant BE, Carrau L, Chandar V, Bram Y, tenOever BR, Elemento O, Ivashkiv LB, Schwartz RE, Barrat FJ. Sensing of SARS-CoV-2 by pDCs and their subsequent production of IFN-I contribute to macrophage-induced cytokine storm during COVID-19. Sci Immunol 2022; 7:eadd4906. [PMID: 36083891 PMCID: PMC9853436 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.add4906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Lung-infiltrating macrophages create a marked inflammatory milieu in a subset of patients with COVID-19 by producing a cytokine storm, which correlates with increased lethality. However, these macrophages are largely not infected by SARS-CoV-2, so the mechanism underlying their activation in the lung is unclear. Type I interferons (IFN-I) contribute to protecting the host against SARS-CoV-2 but may also have some deleterious effect, and the source of IFN-I in the lungs of infected patients is not well defined. Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs), a key cell type involved in antiviral responses, can produce IFN-I in response to SARS-CoV-2. We observed the infiltration of pDCs in the lungs of SARS-CoV-2-infected patients, which correlated with strong IFN-I signaling in lung macrophages. In patients with severe COVID-19, lung macrophages expressed a robust inflammatory signature, which correlated with persistent IFN-I signaling at the single-cell level. Hence, we observed the uncoupling in the kinetics of the infiltration of pDCs in the lungs and the associated IFN-I signature, with the cytokine storm in macrophages. We observed that pDCs were the dominant IFN-α-producing cells in response to the virus in the blood, whereas macrophages produced IFN-α only when in physical contact with infected epithelial cells. We also showed that IFN-α produced by pDCs, after the sensing of SARS-CoV-2 by TLR7, mediated changes in macrophages at both transcriptional and epigenetic levels, which favored their hyperactivation by environmental stimuli. Together, these data indicate that the priming of macrophages can result from the response by pDCs to SARS-CoV-2, leading to macrophage activation in patients with severe COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paôline Laurent
- HSS Research Institute and David Z. Rosensweig Genomics Research Center, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Chao Yang
- HSS Research Institute and David Z. Rosensweig Genomics Research Center, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - André F. Rendeiro
- Institute for Computational Biomedicine and Caryl and Israel Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Benjamin E. Nilsson-Payant
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1468 Madison Ave., New York, NY 10029, USA
- Department of Microbiology, New York University, 430 E 29th Street, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Lucia Carrau
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1468 Madison Ave., New York, NY 10029, USA
- Department of Microbiology, New York University, 430 E 29th Street, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Vasuretha Chandar
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Yaron Bram
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Benjamin R. tenOever
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1468 Madison Ave., New York, NY 10029, USA
- Department of Microbiology, New York University, 430 E 29th Street, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Olivier Elemento
- Institute for Computational Biomedicine and Caryl and Israel Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA
- WorldQuant Initiative for Quantitative Prediction and Department of Physiology, Biophysics and Systems Biology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Lionel B. Ivashkiv
- HSS Research Institute and David Z. Rosensweig Genomics Research Center, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY 10021, USA
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Robert E. Schwartz
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY 10021, USA
- Department of Physiology, Biophysics and Systems Biology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Franck J. Barrat
- HSS Research Institute and David Z. Rosensweig Genomics Research Center, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY 10021, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY 10065, USA
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8
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Chae CS, Sandoval TA, Hwang SM, Park ES, Giovanelli P, Awasthi D, Salvagno C, Emmanuelli A, Tan C, Chaudhary V, Casado J, Kossenkov AV, Song M, Barrat FJ, Holcomb K, Romero-Sandoval EA, Zamarin D, Pépin D, D’Andrea AD, Färkkilä A, Cubillos-Ruiz JR. Tumor-Derived Lysophosphatidic Acid Blunts Protective Type I Interferon Responses in Ovarian Cancer. Cancer Discov 2022; 12:1904-1921. [PMID: 35552618 PMCID: PMC9357054 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-21-1181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2021] [Revised: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) is a bioactive lipid enriched in the tumor microenvironment of immunosuppressive malignancies such as ovarian cancer. Although LPA enhances the tumorigenic attributes of cancer cells, the immunomodulatory activity of this phospholipid messenger remains largely unexplored. Here, we report that LPA operates as a negative regulator of type I interferon (IFN) responses in ovarian cancer. Ablation of the LPA-generating enzyme autotaxin (ATX) in ovarian cancer cells reprogrammed the tumor immune microenvironment, extended host survival, and improved the effects of therapies that elicit protective responses driven by type I IFN. Mechanistically, LPA sensing by dendritic cells triggered PGE2 biosynthesis that suppressed type I IFN signaling via autocrine EP4 engagement. Moreover, we identified an LPA-controlled, immune-derived gene signature associated with poor responses to combined PARP inhibition and PD-1 blockade in patients with ovarian cancer. Controlling LPA production or sensing in tumors may therefore be useful to improve cancer immunotherapies that rely on robust induction of type I IFN. SIGNIFICANCE This study uncovers that ATX-LPA is a central immunosuppressive pathway in the ovarian tumor microenvironment. Ablating this axis sensitizes ovarian cancer hosts to various immunotherapies by unleashing protective type I IFN responses. Understanding the immunoregulatory programs induced by LPA could lead to new biomarkers predicting resistance to immunotherapy in patients with cancer. See related commentary by Conejo-Garcia and Curiel, p. 1841. This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 1825.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Suk Chae
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Weill Cornell Medicine. New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Tito A. Sandoval
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Weill Cornell Medicine. New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Sung-Min Hwang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Weill Cornell Medicine. New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Eun Sil Park
- Department of Ophthalmology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Paolo Giovanelli
- Immunology and Microbial Pathogenesis Program, Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, New York, NY 10065. USA.,Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Deepika Awasthi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Weill Cornell Medicine. New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Camilla Salvagno
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Weill Cornell Medicine. New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Alexander Emmanuelli
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Weill Cornell Medicine. New York, NY 10065, USA.,Immunology and Microbial Pathogenesis Program, Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, New York, NY 10065. USA
| | - Chen Tan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Weill Cornell Medicine. New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Vidyanath Chaudhary
- HSS Research Institute and David Z. Rosensweig Genomics Research Center, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Julia Casado
- Research Program in Systems Oncology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Andrew V. Kossenkov
- Center for Systems and Computational Biology, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Minkyung Song
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, and Department of Biopharmaceutical Convergence, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
| | - Franck J. Barrat
- Immunology and Microbial Pathogenesis Program, Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, New York, NY 10065. USA.,HSS Research Institute and David Z. Rosensweig Genomics Research Center, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Kevin Holcomb
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Weill Cornell Medicine. New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - E. Alfonso Romero-Sandoval
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pain Mechanisms Laboratory, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA
| | - Dmitriy Zamarin
- Department of Medicine, Gynecologic Medical Oncology Service, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - David Pépin
- Pediatric Surgical Research Laboratories, Massachusetts General Hospital; Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Alan D. D’Andrea
- Susan F. Smith Center for Women’s Cancers, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Anniina Färkkilä
- Research Program in Systems Oncology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Juan R. Cubillos-Ruiz
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Weill Cornell Medicine. New York, NY 10065, USA.,Immunology and Microbial Pathogenesis Program, Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, New York, NY 10065. USA.,Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA,Correspondence: Juan R. Cubillos-Ruiz, Ph.D., Associate Professor of Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, , Phone: 212-743-1323
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9
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Du Y, Ah Kioon MD, Laurent P, Chaudhary V, Pierides M, Yang C, Oliver D, Ivashkiv LB, Barrat FJ. Chemokines form nanoparticles with DNA and can superinduce TLR-driven immune inflammation. J Exp Med 2022; 219:213252. [PMID: 35640018 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20212142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemokines control the migratory patterns and positioning of immune cells to organize immune responses to pathogens. However, many chemokines have been associated with systemic autoimmune diseases that have chronic IFN signatures. We report that a series of chemokines, including CXCL4, CXCL10, CXCL12, and CCL5, can superinduce type I IFN (IFN-I) by TLR9-activated plasmacytoid DCs (pDCs), independently of their respective known chemokine receptors. Mechanistically, we show that chemokines such as CXCL4 mediate transcriptional and epigenetic changes in pDCs, mostly targeted to the IFN-I pathways. We describe that chemokines physically interact with DNA to form nanoparticles that promote clathrin-mediated cellular uptake and delivery of DNA in the early endosomes of pDCs. Using two separate mouse models of skin inflammation, we observed the presence of CXCL4 associated with DNA in vivo. These data reveal a noncanonical role for chemokines to serve as nucleic acid delivery vectors to modulate TLR signaling, with implications for the chronic presence of IFN-I by pDCs in autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Du
- HSS Research Institute, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY
| | | | - Paoline Laurent
- HSS Research Institute, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY
| | - Vidyanath Chaudhary
- HSS Research Institute, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY
| | - Michael Pierides
- HSS Research Institute, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY
| | - Chao Yang
- HSS Research Institute, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY
| | - David Oliver
- HSS Research Institute, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY.,David Z. Rosensweig Genomics Research Center, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY
| | - Lionel B Ivashkiv
- HSS Research Institute, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY.,David Z. Rosensweig Genomics Research Center, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY.,Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY
| | - Franck J Barrat
- HSS Research Institute, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY.,David Z. Rosensweig Genomics Research Center, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY
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10
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Yang C, Bachu M, Brauner C, Yuan R, Du Y, Ah Kioon MD, Chesi G, Barrat FJ, Ivashkiv LB. Costimulation of TLR8 responses by CXCL4 in Human Monocytes Mediated by TBK1-IRF5 Signaling and Epigenomic Remodeling. The Journal of Immunology 2022. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.208.supp.111.01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
CXCL4 regulates responses of immune cells to endosomal TLRs and has been implicated in the pathogenesis of inflammatory and fibrotic diseases. However, mechanisms by which CXCL4 modulates TLR responses, and its functions in monocytes/macrophages, are still unclear. Here we report that CXCL4 changes the profile of the TLR8 response in human monocytes by selectively and dramatically amplifying inflammatory gene transcription and IL-1b production while partially attenuating the IFN response. Mechanistically, costimulation by CXCL4 and TLR8 synergistically activated TBK1/IKKe and repurposed these kinases towards an inflammatory response via coupling with IRF5, and by activating the NLRP3 inflammasome without the need for a second signal. CXCL4 strongly induced chromatin remodeling in a cooperative and synergistic manner with TLR8 signaling, inducing de novo enhancers associated with inflammatory genes. These findings identify signaling and epigenomic mechanisms that underly synergistic activation of inflammatory genes by CXCL4 and TLR8, provide a new paradigm for modulation of TLR responses that is relevant for cytokine storm, and suggest targeting the TBK1/IKKe-IRF5 axis may be beneficial in inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Yang
- 1Research, Hosp. for Special Surgery
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11
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Ah Kioon MD, Pierides M, Pannellini T, Lin G, Nathan CF, Barrat FJ. Noncytotoxic Inhibition of the Immunoproteasome Regulates Human Immune Cells In Vitro and Suppresses Cutaneous Inflammation in the Mouse. J Immunol 2021; 206:1631-1641. [PMID: 33674446 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2000951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Inhibitors of the immunoproteasome (i-20S) have shown promise in mouse models of autoimmune diseases and allograft rejection. In this study, we used a novel inhibitor of the immunoproteasome, PKS3053, that is reversible, noncovalent, tight-binding, and highly selective for the β5i subunit of the i-20S to evaluate the role that i-20S plays in regulating immune responses in vitro and in vivo. In contrast to irreversible, less-selective inhibitors, PKS3053 did not kill any of the primary human cell types tested, including plasmacytoid dendritic cells, conventional dendritic cells, macrophages, and T cells, all of which expressed genes encoding both the constitutive proteasome (c-20S) and i-20S. PKS3053 reduced TLR-dependent activation of plasmacytoid dendritic cells, decreasing their maturation and IFN-α response and reducing their ability to activate allogenic T cells. In addition, PKS3053 reduced T cell proliferation directly and inhibited TLR-mediated activation of conventional dendritic cells and macrophages. In a mouse model of skin injury that shares some features of cutaneous lupus erythematosus, blocking i-20S decreased inflammation, cellular infiltration, and tissue damage. We conclude that the immunoproteasome is involved in the activation of innate and adaptive immune cells, that their activation can be suppressed with an i-20S inhibitor without killing them, and that selective inhibition of β5i holds promise as a potential therapy for inflammatory skin diseases such as psoriasis, cutaneous lupus erythematosus, and systemic sclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Dominique Ah Kioon
- Autoimmunity and Inflammation Program, Research Institute, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY 10021; and
| | - Michael Pierides
- Autoimmunity and Inflammation Program, Research Institute, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY 10021; and
| | - Tania Pannellini
- Autoimmunity and Inflammation Program, Research Institute, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY 10021; and
| | - Gang Lin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medical College, Cornell University, New York, NY 10021
| | - Carl F Nathan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medical College, Cornell University, New York, NY 10021
| | - Franck J Barrat
- Autoimmunity and Inflammation Program, Research Institute, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY 10021; and .,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medical College, Cornell University, New York, NY 10021
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12
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Zhan W, Singh PK, Ban Y, Qing X, Ah Kioon MD, Fan H, Zhao Q, Wang R, Sukenick G, Salmon J, Warren JD, Ma X, Barrat FJ, Nathan CF, Lin G. Structure-Activity Relationships of Noncovalent Immunoproteasome β5i-Selective Dipeptides. J Med Chem 2020; 63:13103-13123. [PMID: 33095579 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c01520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The immunoproteasome (i-20S) has emerged as a therapeutic target for autoimmune and inflammatory disorders and hematological malignancies. Inhibition of the chymotryptic β5i subunit of i-20S inhibits T cell activation, B cell proliferation, and dendritic cell differentiation in vitro and suppresses immune responses in animal models of autoimmune disorders and allograft rejection. However, cytotoxicity to immune cells has accompanied the use of covalently reactive β5i inhibitors, whose activity against the constitutive proteasome (c-20S) is cumulative with the time of exposure. Herein, we report a structure-activity relationship study of a class of noncovalent proteasome inhibitors with picomolar potencies and 1000-fold selectivity for i-20S over c-20S. Furthermore, these inhibitors are specific for β5i over the other five active subunits of i-20S and c-20S, providing useful tools to study the functions of β5i in immune responses. The potency of these compounds in inhibiting human T cell activation suggests that they may have therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhu Zhan
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1300 York Ave, New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - Pradeep K Singh
- Department of Biochemistry, Milstein Chemistry Core Facility, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1300 York Ave, New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - Yi Ban
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1300 York Ave, New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - Xiaoping Qing
- Autoimmunity and Inflammation Program, HSS Research Institute, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - Marie Dominique Ah Kioon
- Autoimmunity and Inflammation Program, HSS Research Institute, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - Hao Fan
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1300 York Ave, New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - Quanju Zhao
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1300 York Ave, New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - Rong Wang
- NMR Analytical Core Facility, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 417 East 68th Street, Room 1735, New York, New York 10065-6007, United States
| | - George Sukenick
- NMR Analytical Core Facility, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 417 East 68th Street, Room 1735, New York, New York 10065-6007, United States
| | - Jane Salmon
- Autoimmunity and Inflammation Program, HSS Research Institute, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - J David Warren
- Department of Biochemistry, Milstein Chemistry Core Facility, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1300 York Ave, New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - Xiaojing Ma
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1300 York Ave, New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - Franck J Barrat
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1300 York Ave, New York, New York 10065, United States.,Autoimmunity and Inflammation Program, HSS Research Institute, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - Carl F Nathan
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1300 York Ave, New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - Gang Lin
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1300 York Ave, New York, New York 10065, United States
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13
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Barrat FJ, Crow MK, Ivashkiv LB. Interferon target-gene expression and epigenomic signatures in health and disease. Nat Immunol 2019; 20:1574-1583. [PMID: 31745335 PMCID: PMC7024546 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-019-0466-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 263] [Impact Index Per Article: 52.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2019] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Multiple type I interferons and interferon-γ (IFN-γ) are expressed under physiological conditions and are increased by stress and infections, and in autoinflammatory and autoimmune diseases. Interferons activate the Jak-STAT signaling pathway and induce overlapping patterns of expression, called 'interferon signatures', of canonical interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs) encoding molecules important for antiviral responses, antigen presentation, autoimmunity and inflammation. It has now become clear that interferons also induce an 'interferon epigenomic signature' by activating latent enhancers and 'bookmarking' chromatin, thus reprogramming cell responses to environmental cues. The interferon epigenomic signature affects ISGs and other gene sets, including canonical targets of the transcription factor NF-κB that encode inflammatory molecules, and is involved in the priming of immune cells, tolerance and the training of innate immune memory. Here we review the mechanisms through which interferon signatures and interferon epigenomic signatures are generated, as well as the expression and functional consequences of these signatures in homeostasis and autoimmune diseases, including systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis and systemic sclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franck J Barrat
- Research Institute and David Z. Rosensweig Genomics Research Center, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Immunology and Microbial Pathogenesis Program, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Mary K Crow
- Research Institute and David Z. Rosensweig Genomics Research Center, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, USA
- Immunology and Microbial Pathogenesis Program, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Lionel B Ivashkiv
- Research Institute and David Z. Rosensweig Genomics Research Center, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, USA.
- Immunology and Microbial Pathogenesis Program, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
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14
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Barrat FJ, Su L. A pathogenic role of plasmacytoid dendritic cells in autoimmunity and chronic viral infection. J Exp Med 2019; 216:1974-1985. [PMID: 31420375 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20181359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Revised: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Following the discovery of plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) and of their extraordinary ability to produce type I IFNs (IFN-I) in response to TLR7 and TLR9 stimulation, it is assumed that their main function is to participate in the antiviral response. There is increasing evidence suggesting that pDCs and/or IFN-I can also have a detrimental role in a number of inflammatory and autoimmune diseases, in the context of chronic viral infections and in cancers. Whether these cells should be targeted in patients and how much of their biology is connected to IFN-I production remains unclear and is discussed here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franck J Barrat
- Autoimmunity and Inflammation Program, HSS Research Institute, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY .,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY
| | - Lishan Su
- The Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC
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15
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chaudhary V, Barrat FJ. Regulation of plasmacytoid dendritic cells function via ER stress pathway. The Journal of Immunology 2019. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.202.supp.180.18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Systemic sclerosis is a life-threatening autoimmune disorder which causes fibrosis and chronic inflammation. One of the hallmarks of systemic sclerosis is production of high levels of type I interferon, which plays a significant role in the activation of B cells for antibody production. Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) are the key immune cells producing high levels of interferon in autoimmune diseases such as systemic sclerosis. There is evidence suggesting that the microscopic structure of pDCs shows abundant levels of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) in their cytoplasmic compartment. Besides this, studies in patients with autoimmune diseases show that ER stress is induced in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells(PBMCs). We have observed that induction of ER stress in pDCs isolated from the PBMCs of healthy individuals markedly reduces the production of cytokines in TLR9-induced pDCs. This indicates that ER stress might be involved in the regulation of pDCs function. Hence, it is intriguing to further study the underlying mechanisms of how activation of ER stress in pDCs may be involved in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- vidyanath chaudhary
- 1Hospital for Special Surgery Autoimmunity and Inflammation Research Program
- 2Weill Cornell Medical College
| | - Franck J. Barrat
- 1Hospital for Special Surgery Autoimmunity and Inflammation Research Program
- 2Weill Cornell Medical College
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16
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Abstract
TLRs have been well characterized in the context of immunity, although TLR8 is understudied due to its controversial function in mice. In this issue of JEM, the new work by Zhang et al. (https://doi.org/10.1084/jem.20180800) demonstrates that TLR8 activated by miR-21 controls neuropathic pain using a non-MyD88-dependent pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franck J Barrat
- Autoimmunity and Inflammation Program, HSS Research Institute, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY .,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY
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Ah Kioon MD, Tripodo C, Fernandez D, Kirou KA, Spiera RF, Crow MK, Gordon JK, Barrat FJ. Plasmacytoid dendritic cells promote systemic sclerosis with a key role for TLR8. Sci Transl Med 2018; 10:10/423/eaam8458. [PMID: 29321259 PMCID: PMC9865429 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aam8458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2017] [Revised: 07/17/2017] [Accepted: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a multisystem life-threatening fibrosing disorder that lacks effective treatment. The link between the inflammation observed in organs such as the skin and profibrotic mechanisms is not well understood. The plasmacytoid dendritic cell (pDC) is a key cell type mediating Toll-like receptor (TLR)-induced inflammation in autoimmune disease patients, including lupus and skin diseases with interface dermatitis. However, the role of pDCs in fibrosis is less clear. We show that pDCs infiltrate the skin of SSc patients and are chronically activated, leading to secretion of interferon-α (IFN-α) and CXCL4, which are both hallmarks of the disease. We demonstrate that the secretion of CXCL4 is under the control of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase δ and is due to the aberrant presence of TLR8 on pDCs of SSc patients, which is not seen in healthy donors or in lupus pDCs, and that CXCL4 primarily acts by potentiating TLR8- but also TLR9-induced IFN production by pDCs. Depleting pDCs prevented disease in a mouse model of scleroderma and could revert fibrosis in mice with established disease. In contrast, the disease was exacerbated in mice transgenic for TLR8 with recruitment of pDCs to the fibrotic skin, whereas TLR7 only partially contributed to the inflammatory response, indicating that TLR8 is the key RNA-sensing TLR involved in the establishment of fibrosis. We conclude that the pDC is an essential cell type involved in the pathogenesis of SSc and its removal using depleting antibodies or attenuating pDC function could be a novel approach to treat SSc patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Dominique Ah Kioon
- Autoimmunity and Inflammation Program, HSS Research Institute, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Claudio Tripodo
- Tumor Immunology Unit, Department of Health Science, Human Pathology Section, University of Palermo School of Medicine, Palermo, Italy
| | - David Fernandez
- Mary Kirkland Center for Lupus Research, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Kyriakos A. Kirou
- Mary Kirkland Center for Lupus Research, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Robert F. Spiera
- Scleroderma and Vasculitis Center, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Mary K. Crow
- Autoimmunity and Inflammation Program, HSS Research Institute, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY 10021, USA.,Mary Kirkland Center for Lupus Research, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Jessica K. Gordon
- Scleroderma and Vasculitis Center, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Franck J. Barrat
- Autoimmunity and Inflammation Program, HSS Research Institute, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY 10021, USA.,Corresponding author.
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Pelrine ER, Ah-Kioon MD, Zhang M, Barrat FJ, Spiera RF, Gordon JK. Musculoskeletal Involvement in SSc Is Associated with Worse Scores on Short Form-36 and Scleroderma Health Assessment Questionnaire and Lower Tumor Necrosis Factor-α Gene Expression in Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells. HSS J 2016; 12:255-260. [PMID: 27703420 PMCID: PMC5026664 DOI: 10.1007/s11420-016-9515-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2016] [Accepted: 06/30/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is characterized by a wide variety of symptoms and disease manifestations including joint pain, gastrointestinal dysfunction, interstitial lung disease, and cardiomyopathy. QUESTIONS/PURPOSES Using the Scleroderma Health Assessment Questionnaire (SHAQ) and Short Form-36 (SF-36) we explored how patient-reported physical health, mental health, and functional status related to these clinical characteristics and to cytokine levels utilizing the Hospital for Special Surgery Scleroderma Registry. METHODS In a cross-sectional study of 185 patients meeting the 2013 ACR/EULAR criteria for SSc, we compared disease features and patient-reported outcomes (PROs). Interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-1β (IL1β), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα) levels were assessed by luminex and ELISA assays in a subset of 32 patients. The Pearson correlation coefficient, Spearman correlation coefficient, two-sample t test or Wilcoxon rank sum test, ANOVA or Kuskal-Wallis test, and Pearson chi-squared or Fisher's exact test were performed as applicable to detect the association between disease manifestations, PROs, and blood biomarkers. RESULTS The modified Rodnan skin score (MRSS) was positively correlated with SHAQ scores. Patients who had musculoskeletal involvement scored worse on both the SHAQ and SF-36. Lower levels of TNFα expression in PBMCs were also correlated with musculoskeletal involvement. No other significant correlations were found between clinical factors, PROs, and cytokine data. CONCLUSION Musculoskeletal outcomes are a major determinant of quality of life and function in patients with SSc. These results emphasize the importance of musculoskeletal outcomes in clinical studies of SSc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliza R. Pelrine
- Department of Medicine, Hospital for Special Surgery, 535 East 70th Streret, New York, NY 10021 USA
| | | | - Meng Zhang
- Department of Biostatistics, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY USA
| | - Franck J. Barrat
- Department of Research, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY USA
| | - Robert F. Spiera
- Department of Medicine, Hospital for Special Surgery, 535 East 70th Streret, New York, NY 10021 USA
| | - Jessica K. Gordon
- Department of Medicine, Hospital for Special Surgery, 535 East 70th Streret, New York, NY 10021 USA
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Affiliation(s)
- Franck J. Barrat
- Autoimmunity and Inflammation Program, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY 10021;
| | - Keith B. Elkon
- Division of Rheumatology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98109
| | - Katherine A. Fitzgerald
- Program in Innate Immunity, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605
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Wang J, Lau KY, Jung J, Ravindran P, Barrat FJ. Bruton's tyrosine kinase regulates TLR9 but not TLR7 signaling in human plasmacytoid dendritic cells. Eur J Immunol 2014; 44:1130-6. [PMID: 24375473 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201344030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2013] [Revised: 12/03/2013] [Accepted: 12/20/2013] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (PDCs) represent a key cell type for both innate and adaptive immunity. PDCs express both TLR7 and TLR9 and the recognition of nucleic acids by these two receptors triggers the production of a large amount of type-I IFN and the induction of PDC maturation into APCs. This unique feature of PDCs is at the basis of clinical development of both TLR7 and TLR9 agonists for infectious diseases, allergy, cancer, and asthma. However, TLR7 and TLR9 recognition of self-nucleic acids is linked to many autoimmune diseases including lupus, and a better understanding of the signaling pathways of these two receptors in PDCs is thus important. We have identified Bruton's tyrosine kinase (Btk) as an important player for TLR9 but not TLR7 signaling in human PDCs. Blocking Btk using a specific inhibitor leads to the reduction of all TLR9-induced responses in PDCs, including cytokine production and expression of costimulatory molecules, while this has no impact on the TLR7 response. This identifies Btk as a key molecule in TLR9 signaling in PDCs and is the first demonstration that the TLR7 and TLR9 pathways can be dissociated in human PDCs.
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Guiducci C, Gong M, Cepika AM, Xu Z, Tripodo C, Bennett L, Crain C, Quartier P, Cush JJ, Pascual V, Coffman RL, Barrat FJ. RNA recognition by human TLR8 can lead to autoimmune inflammation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 210:2903-19. [PMID: 24277153 PMCID: PMC3865472 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20131044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
High expression level of human TLR8 in mice results in spontaneous, multiorgan inflammation attributable in part to increased DC activation. Studies on the role of the RNA receptor TLR8 in inflammation have been limited by its different function in human versus rodents. We have generated multiple lines of transgenic mice expressing different levels of human TLR8. The high copy number chimeras were unable to pass germline; developed severe inflammation targeting the pancreas, salivary glands, and joints; and the severity of the specific phenotypes closely correlated with the huTLR8 expression levels. Mice with relatively low expression levels survived and bred successfully but had increased susceptibility to collagen-induced arthritis, and the levels of huTLR8 correlated with proinflammatory cytokines in the joints of the animals. At the cellular level, huTLR8 signaling exerted a DC-intrinsic effect leading to up-regulation of co-stimulatory molecules and subsequent T cell activation. A pathogenic role for TLR8 in human diseases was suggested by its increased expression in patients with systemic arthritis and the correlation of TLR8 expression with the elevation of IL-1β levels and disease status. We found that the consequence of self-recognition via TLR8 results in a constellation of diseases, strikingly distinct from those related to TLR7 signaling, and points to specific inflammatory diseases that may benefit from inhibition of TLR8 in humans.
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Kader M, Smith AP, Guiducci C, Wonderlich ER, Normolle D, Watkins SC, Barrat FJ, Barratt-Boyes SM. Blocking TLR7- and TLR9-mediated IFN-α production by plasmacytoid dendritic cells does not diminish immune activation in early SIV infection. PLoS Pathog 2013; 9:e1003530. [PMID: 23935491 PMCID: PMC3723633 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1003530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2013] [Accepted: 06/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Persistent production of type I interferon (IFN) by activated plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDC) is a leading model to explain chronic immune activation in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection but direct evidence for this is lacking. We used a dual antagonist of Toll-like receptor (TLR) 7 and TLR9 to selectively inhibit responses of pDC but not other mononuclear phagocytes to viral RNA prior to and for 8 weeks following pathogenic simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) infection of rhesus macaques. We show that pDC are major but not exclusive producers of IFN-α that rapidly become unresponsive to virus stimulation following SIV infection, whereas myeloid DC gain the capacity to produce IFN-α, albeit at low levels. pDC mediate a marked but transient IFN-α response in lymph nodes during the acute phase that is blocked by administration of TLR7 and TLR9 antagonist without impacting pDC recruitment. TLR7 and TLR9 blockade did not impact virus load or the acute IFN-α response in plasma and had minimal effect on expression of IFN-stimulated genes in both blood and lymph node. TLR7 and TLR9 blockade did not prevent activation of memory CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in blood or lymph node but led to significant increases in proliferation of both subsets in blood following SIV infection. Our findings reveal that virus-mediated activation of pDC through TLR7 and TLR9 contributes to substantial but transient IFN-α production following pathogenic SIV infection. However, the data indicate that pDC activation and IFN-α production are unlikely to be major factors in driving immune activation in early infection. Based on these findings therapeutic strategies aimed at blocking pDC function and IFN-α production may not reduce HIV-associated immunopathology. A persistent type I interferon (IFN) response is thought to be important in driving immune activation and progression to AIDS in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected individuals. Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDC) produce copious amounts of type I IFN upon virus exposure through engagement of Toll-like receptor (TLR) 7 and TLR9 and thus may be central players in the etiology of immune activation. We used a dual antagonist of TLR7 and TLR9 to selectively block the response of pDC but not other mononuclear phagocytes prior to and for 8 weeks following simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) infection of rhesus macaques. We show that pDC are major, but not exclusive, producers of IFN-α that mediate a marked but transient IFN-α response in lymph nodes in the acute phase of infection. TLR7 and TLR9 antagonist prevented this IFN-α production without suppressing pDC recruitment. Nevertheless, TLR7 and TLR9 blockade did not impact expression of IFN-stimulated genes or decrease the activation of T cells, the hallmarks of immune activation. The findings indicate that TLR7 and TLR9-driven activation of pDC is unlikely to be a major contributor to immune activation in the early stages of immunodeficiency virus infections and suggest that therapeutic strategies aimed at targeting pDC and IFN-α production may not reduce HIV-associated immunopathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhamuda Kader
- Center for Vaccine Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Amanda P. Smith
- Center for Vaccine Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Cristiana Guiducci
- Dynavax Technologies Corporation, Berkeley, California, United States of America
| | - Elizabeth R. Wonderlich
- Center for Vaccine Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Daniel Normolle
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Simon C. Watkins
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Franck J. Barrat
- Dynavax Technologies Corporation, Berkeley, California, United States of America
| | - Simon M. Barratt-Boyes
- Center for Vaccine Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Garcia-Romo GS, Caielli S, Vega B, Connolly J, Allantaz F, Xu Z, Punaro M, Baisch J, Guiducci C, Coffman RL, Barrat FJ, Banchereau J, Pascual V. Netting neutrophils are major inducers of type I IFN production in pediatric systemic lupus erythematosus. Sci Transl Med 2011; 3:73ra20. [PMID: 21389264 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.3001201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 907] [Impact Index Per Article: 69.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a systemic autoimmune disease characterized by a breakdown of tolerance to nuclear antigens and the development of immune complexes. Genomic approaches have shown that human SLE leukocytes homogeneously express type I interferon (IFN)-induced and neutrophil-related transcripts. Increased production and/or bioavailability of IFN-α and associated alterations in dendritic cell (DC) homeostasis have been linked to lupus pathogenesis. Although neutrophils have long been shown to be associated with lupus, their potential role in disease pathogenesis remains elusive. Here, we show that mature SLE neutrophils are primed in vivo by type I IFN and die upon exposure to SLE-derived anti-ribonucleoprotein antibodies, releasing neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). SLE NETs contain DNA as well as large amounts of LL37 and HMGB1, neutrophil proteins that facilitate the uptake and recognition of mammalian DNA by plasmacytoid DCs (pDCs). Indeed, SLE NETs activate pDCs to produce high levels of IFN-α in a DNA- and TLR9 (Toll-like receptor 9)-dependent manner. Our results reveal an unsuspected role for neutrophils in SLE pathogenesis and identify a novel link between nucleic acid-recognizing antibodies and type I IFN production in this disease.
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24
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Alvarez D, Briassouli P, Clancy RM, Zavadil J, Reed JH, Abellar RG, Halushka M, Fox-Talbot K, Barrat FJ, Buyon JP. A novel role of endothelin-1 in linking Toll-like receptor 7-mediated inflammation to fibrosis in congenital heart block. J Biol Chem 2011; 286:30444-30454. [PMID: 21730058 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.263657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Autoimmune associated congenital heart block (CHB) may result from pathogenic cross-talk between inflammatory and profibrosing pathways. Incubation of macrophages with immune complexes (IC) composed of Ro60, a target of the pathologic maternal autoantibodies necessary for CHB, hY3 ssRNA, and affinity-purified anti-Ro60 antibody induces the Toll-like receptor 7 (TLR7)-dependent generation of supernatants that provoke a fibrosing phenotype in human fetal cardiac fibroblasts. We show herein that these cells are a major source of TGFβ and that endothelin-1 (ET-1) is one of the key components responsible for the profibrosing effects generated by stimulated macrophages. Supernatants from macrophages incubated with IC induced the fibroblast secretion of TGFβ, which was inhibited by treating the macrophages with an antagonist of TLR7. Under the same conditions, the induced fibroblast secretion of TGFβ was decreased by inhibitors of the ET-1 receptors ETa or ETb or by an anti-ET-1 antibody but not by an isotype control. Exogenous ET-1 induced a profibrosing phenotype, whereas fibroblasts transfected with either ETa or ETb siRNA were unresponsive to the profibrosing effects of the IC-generated macrophage supernatants. Immunohistochemistry of the hearts from two fetuses dying with CHB revealed the presence of ET-1-producing mononuclear cells in the septal region in areas of calcification and fibrosis. In conclusion, these data support a novel role of ET-1 in linking TLR7 inflammatory signaling to subsequent fibrosis and provide new insight in considering therapeutics for CHB.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Alvarez
- New York University Medical Center, New York, New York 10016
| | | | - Robert M Clancy
- New York University Medical Center, New York, New York 10016
| | - Jiri Zavadil
- New York University Medical Center, New York, New York 10016
| | - Joanne H Reed
- New York University Medical Center, New York, New York 10016
| | | | - Marc Halushka
- Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland 21205
| | | | | | - Jill P Buyon
- New York University Medical Center, New York, New York 10016.
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25
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Guiducci C, Tripodo C, Gong M, Sangaletti S, Colombo MP, Coffman RL, Barrat FJ. Autoimmune skin inflammation is dependent on plasmacytoid dendritic cell activation by nucleic acids via TLR7 and TLR9. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 207:2931-42. [PMID: 21115693 PMCID: PMC3005224 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20101048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Lupus-prone mice develop a chronic inflammatory response to cutaneous injury that depends on the production of type I interferon, TLR7, and TLR9. Recognition of endogenous DNA and RNA by cells expressing TLR7 and TLR9 is an important contributor to the pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus and has been suggested to contribute to cutaneous lupus and to a group of related inflammatory skin diseases termed interface dermatitis. We have developed a mouse model of TLR7- and TLR9-dependent skin inflammation using tape stripping. In normal mice, this resulted in a rapid but transient inflammatory cell infiltration accompanied by induction of type I IFN production by plasmacytoid dendritic cells (PDCs) and release of extracellular traps and proinflammatory cytokines by neutrophils. These responses were strongly reduced in MyD88-deficient mice and in mice treated with a bifunctional inhibitor of TLR7 and TLR9. In contrast, in lupus-prone (NZBxNZW)F1 mice, tape stripping induced the development of chronic lesions characterized by a persistent type I IFN gene signature and many clinical and histological features of cutaneous lupus. Depletion of PDCs before injury prevented the development of skin lesions, whereas treatment with a bifunctional TLR7/9 inhibitor before tape stripping or after the initial lesion was established led to a significant reduction of the disease. These data suggest that inhibitors of TLR7 and TLR9 signaling have potential therapeutic application for the treatment of interface dermatitis.
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Clancy RM, Alvarez D, Komissarova E, Barrat FJ, Swartz J, Buyon JP. Ro60-associated single-stranded RNA links inflammation with fetal cardiac fibrosis via ligation of TLRs: a novel pathway to autoimmune-associated heart block. J Immunol 2010; 184:2148-55. [PMID: 20089705 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.0902248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Activation of TLR by ssRNA after FcgammaR-mediated phagocytosis of immune complexes (IC) may be relevant in autoimmune-associated congenital heart block (CHB) where the obligate factor is a maternal anti-SSA/Ro Ab and the fetal factors, protein/RNA on an apoptotic cardiocyte and infiltrating macrophages. This study addressed the hypothesis that Ro60-associated ssRNAs link macrophage activation to fibrosis via TLR engagement. Both macrophage transfection with noncoding ssRNA that bind Ro60 and an IC generated by incubation of Ro60-ssRNA with an IgG fraction from a CHB mother or affinity purified anti-Ro60 significantly increased TNF-alpha secretion, an effect not observed using control RNAs or normal IgG. Dependence on TLR was supported by the significant inhibition of TNF-alpha release by IRS661 and chloroquine. The requirement for FcgammaRIIIa-mediated delivery was provided by inhibition with an anti-CD16a Ab. Fibrosis markers were noticeably increased in fetal cardiac fibroblasts after incubation with supernatants generated from macrophages transfected with ssRNA or incubated with the IC. Supernatants generated from macrophages with ssRNA in the presence of IRS661 or chloroquine did not cause fibrosis. In a CHB heart, but not a healthy heart, TLR7 immunostaining was localized to a region near the atrioventricular groove at a site enriched in mononuclear cells and fibrosis. These data support a novel injury model in CHB, whereby endogenous ligand, Ro60-associated ssRNA, forges a nexus between TLR ligation and fibrosis instigated by binding of anti-Ro Abs to the target protein likely accessible via apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert M Clancy
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA.
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27
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Guiducci C, Gong M, Xu Z, Gill M, Punaro M, Meeker T, Chan J, Wright T, Bolland S, Soumelis V, Coffman R, Pascual V, Barrat FJ. TLR recognition of self nucleic acids hampers glucocorticoids anti-inflammatory activity in lupus. Cytokine 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2009.07.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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28
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Ganguly D, Chamilos G, Lande R, Gregorio J, Meller S, Facchinetti V, Homey B, Barrat FJ, Zal T, Gilliet M. Self-RNA-antimicrobial peptide complexes activate human dendritic cells through TLR7 and TLR8. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 206:1983-94. [PMID: 19703986 PMCID: PMC2737167 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20090480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 536] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Dendritic cell (DC) responses to extracellular self-DNA and self-RNA are prevented by the endosomal seclusion of nucleic acid–recognizing Toll-like receptors (TLRs). In psoriasis, however, plasmacytoid DCs (pDCs) sense self-DNA that is transported to endosomal TLR9 upon forming a complex with the antimicrobial peptide LL37. Whether LL37 also interacts with extracellular self-RNA and how this may contribute to DC activation in psoriasis is not known. Here, we report that LL37 can bind self-RNA released by dying cells, protect it from extracellular degradation, and transport it into endosomal compartments of DCs. In pDC, self-RNA–LL37 complexes activate TLR7 and, like self-DNA–LL37 complexes, trigger the secretion of IFN-α without inducing maturation or the production of IL-6 and TNF-α. In contrast to self-DNA–LL37 complexes, self-RNA–LL37 complexes also trigger the activation of classical myeloid DCs (mDCs). This occurs through TLR8 and leads to the production of TNF-α and IL-6, and the differentiation of mDCs into mature DCs. We also found that self-RNA–LL37 complexes are present in psoriatic skin lesions and are associated with mature mDCs in vivo. Our results demonstrate that the cationic antimicrobial peptide LL37 converts self-RNA into a trigger of TLR7 and TLR8 in human DCs, and provide new insights into the mechanism that drives the auto-inflammatory responses in psoriasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dipyaman Ganguly
- Department of Immunology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, TX 77030, USA
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Abstract
SUMMARY The innate immune system is a critical element of protection from invading pathogens. The specific receptors that recognize various components of the pathogens trigger signals that result in the production of proinflammatory cytokines as well as the activation of antigen-presenting cells, which activate the adaptive immune system. The discovery of the Toll-like receptors (TLRs) as important components of pathogen recognition has brought new understanding of the key signaling molecules involves in innate immune activation. Interestingly, it appears that most TLRs can recognize self-ligands as well and that mechanisms are required to discriminate between self and non-self ligands. One of these mechanisms is the expression of all the nucleic acid-specific TLR in endosomal compartments and not on the cell surface. Inappropriate activation of TLRs by self-components can result in sterile inflammation or autoimmunity. For example, TLR7 and TLR9 activation by endogenous RNA and DNA, transported to the endosomes in the form of immune complexes or non-covalently associated with cationic peptides, could be an important mechanism involved in promoting diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus and psoriasis. In this review, we discuss the rationale for self-recognition by TLR7 and TLR9 as an important part of the development of lupus and other autoimmune diseases. We describe novel inhibitors of these receptors and provide evidence to support their use as novel therapeutic agents for autoimmunity.
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Abstract
SUMMARY Interleukin-10 (IL-10) is a cytokine with broad anti-inflammatory properties by its suppression of both macrophage and dendritic cell function, including antigen-presenting cell function and the production of proinflammatory cytokines. This can result subsequently in the feedback regulation of both T-helper 1 (Th1)-type and Th2-type responses. This review discusses the potential use of IL-10 or agents that induce IL-10 as potential anti-inflammatory therapies in inflammatory diseases. Although IL-10-deficient mice develop colitis in the presence of normal gut flora and clear certain intracellular pathogens more efficiently, this is often accompanied by immunopathology, which can be lethal to the host. This reinforces the anti-inflammatory properties of IL-10, although it should be noted that as discussed below, IL-10 can also promote B-cell and other immune responses under particular settings. A penalty of its role to limit the immune and inflammatory responses to pathogens and prevent damage to the host is that high or dysregulated levels of IL-10 may result in chronic infection. Thus, antagonists of IL-10 show great potential as adjuvants in preventative or therapeutic vaccines against chronic infection or cancer. This article reviews basic published studies on IL-10, which may lead to potential uses of IL-10 or its antagonists in human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne O'Garra
- Division of Immunoregulation, MRC National Institute for Medical Research, Mill Hill, London, UK.
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Guiducci C, Coffman RL, Barrat FJ. Signalling pathways leading to IFN-alpha production in human plasmacytoid dendritic cell and the possible use of agonists or antagonists of TLR7 and TLR9 in clinical indications. J Intern Med 2009; 265:43-57. [PMID: 19093959 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2796.2008.02050.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (PDC) are highly specialized immune cells capable of producing large amounts of type I and III IFN in response to viral infection. This response is mediated through TLR7 and TLR9 signalling pathways. In addition, PDC can differentiate into fully mature dendritic cells able to efficiently crosspresent viral antigens, thus playing an important role in adaptive immunity. This dual property of PDC is being used in clinical settings where synthetic TLR7 and TLR9 ligands are currently evaluated in clinical trials for the treatment of viral infections, allergies and cancers. Interestingly, there is evidence suggesting that chronic activation of PDC by endogenous RNA and DNA containing immune complexes maybe an important mechanism of driving autoimmunity and significant efforts to develop bi-functional antagonists of TLR7 and TLR9 are currently underway.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Guiducci
- Dynavax Technologies Corporation, Berkeley, CA 94710, USA.
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Guiducci C, Ghirelli C, Marloie-Provost MA, Matray T, Coffman RL, Liu YJ, Barrat FJ, Soumelis V. PI3K is critical for the nuclear translocation of IRF-7 and type I IFN production by human plasmacytoid predendritic cells in response to TLR activation. J Biophys Biochem Cytol 2008. [DOI: 10.1083/jcb1803oia10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Guiducci C, Ghirelli C, Marloie-Provost MA, Matray T, Coffman RL, Liu YJ, Barrat FJ, Soumelis V. PI3K is critical for the nuclear translocation of IRF-7 and type I IFN production by human plasmacytoid predendritic cells in response to TLR activation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008; 205:315-22. [PMID: 18227218 PMCID: PMC2271003 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20070763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 185] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Plasmacytoid predendritic cells (pDCs) are the main producers of type I interferon (IFN) in response to Toll-like receptor (TLR) stimulation. Phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase (PI3K) has been shown to be activated by TLR triggering in multiple cell types; however, its role in pDC function is not known. We show that PI3K is activated by TLR stimulation in primary human pDCs and demonstrate, using specific inhibitors, that PI3K is required for type I IFN production by pDCs, both at the transcriptional and protein levels. Importantly, PI3K was not involved in other proinflammatory responses of pDCs, including tumor necrosis factor α and interleukin 6 production and DC differentiation. pDCs preferentially expressed the PI3K δ subunit, which was specifically involved in the control of type I IFN production. Although uptake and endosomal trafficking of TLR ligands were not affected in the presence of PI3K inhibitors, there was a dramatic defect in the nuclear translocation of IFN regulatory factor (IRF) 7, whereas nuclear factor κB activation was preserved. Thus, PI3K selectively controls type I IFN production by regulating IRF-7 nuclear translocation in human pDCs and could serve as a novel target to inhibit pathogenic type I IFN in autoimmune diseases.
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Ku CL, von Bernuth H, Picard C, Zhang SY, Chang HH, Yang K, Chrabieh M, Issekutz AC, Cunningham CK, Gallin J, Holland SM, Roifman C, Ehl S, Smart J, Tang M, Barrat FJ, Levy O, McDonald D, Day-Good NK, Miller R, Takada H, Hara T, Al-Hajjar S, Al-Ghonaium A, Speert D, Sanlaville D, Li X, Geissmann F, Vivier E, Maródi L, Garty BZ, Chapel H, Rodriguez-Gallego C, Bossuyt X, Abel L, Puel A, Casanova JL. Selective predisposition to bacterial infections in IRAK-4-deficient children: IRAK-4-dependent TLRs are otherwise redundant in protective immunity. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 204:2407-22. [PMID: 17893200 PMCID: PMC2118442 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20070628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 288] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Human interleukin (IL) 1 receptor–associated kinase 4 (IRAK-4) deficiency is a recently discovered primary immunodeficiency that impairs Toll/IL-1R immunity, except for the Toll-like receptor (TLR) 3– and TLR4–interferon (IFN)-a/b pathways. The clinical and immunological phenotype remains largely unknown. We diagnosed up to 28 patients with IRAK-4 deficiency, tested blood TLR responses for individual leukocyte subsets, and TLR responses for multiple cytokines. The patients' peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) did not induce the 11 non-IFN cytokines tested upon activation with TLR agonists other than the nonspecific TLR3 agonist poly(I:C). The patients' individual cell subsets from both myeloid (granulocytes, monocytes, monocyte-derived dendritic cells [MDDCs], myeloid DCs [MDCs], and plasmacytoid DCs) and lymphoid (B, T, and NK cells) lineages did not respond to the TLR agonists that stimulated control cells, with the exception of residual responses to poly(I:C) and lipopolysaccharide in MDCs and MDDCs. Most patients (22 out of 28; 79%) suffered from invasive pneumococcal disease, which was often recurrent (13 out of 22; 59%). Other infections were rare, with the exception of severe staphylococcal disease (9 out of 28; 32%). Almost half of the patients died (12 out of 28; 43%). No death and no invasive infection occurred in patients older than 8 and 14 yr, respectively. The IRAK-4–dependent TLRs and IL-1Rs are therefore vital for childhood immunity to pyogenic bacteria, particularly Streptococcus pneumoniae. Conversely, IRAK-4–dependent human TLRs appear to play a redundant role in protective immunity to most infections, at most limited to childhood immunity to some pyogenic bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Lung Ku
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, U550, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, 75015 Paris, France
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Apetoh L, Ghiringhelli F, Tesniere A, Obeid M, Ortiz C, Criollo A, Mignot G, Maiuri MC, Ullrich E, Saulnier P, Yang H, Amigorena S, Ryffel B, Barrat FJ, Saftig P, Levi F, Lidereau R, Nogues C, Mira JP, Chompret A, Joulin V, Clavel-Chapelon F, Bourhis J, André F, Delaloge S, Tursz T, Kroemer G, Zitvogel L. Toll-like receptor 4-dependent contribution of the immune system to anticancer chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Nat Med 2007; 13:1050-9. [PMID: 17704786 DOI: 10.1038/nm1622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2287] [Impact Index Per Article: 134.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2006] [Accepted: 06/27/2007] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Conventional cancer treatments rely on radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Such treatments supposedly mediate their effects via the direct elimination of tumor cells. Here we show that the success of some protocols for anticancer therapy depends on innate and adaptive antitumor immune responses. We describe in both mice and humans a previously unrecognized pathway for the activation of tumor antigen-specific T-cell immunity that involves secretion of the high-mobility-group box 1 (HMGB1) alarmin protein by dying tumor cells and the action of HMGB1 on Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) expressed by dendritic cells (DCs). During chemotherapy or radiotherapy, DCs require signaling through TLR4 and its adaptor MyD88 for efficient processing and cross-presentation of antigen from dying tumor cells. Patients with breast cancer who carry a TLR4 loss-of-function allele relapse more quickly after radiotherapy and chemotherapy than those carrying the normal TLR4 allele. These results delineate a clinically relevant immunoadjuvant pathway triggered by tumor cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lionel Apetoh
- Institut Gustave Roussy (IGR), 39 rue Camille Desmoulins, F-94805 Villejuif, France
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Denny MF, Thacker S, Mehta H, Somers EC, Dodick T, Barrat FJ, McCune WJ, Kaplan MJ. Interferon-alpha promotes abnormal vasculogenesis in lupus: a potential pathway for premature atherosclerosis. Blood 2007; 110:2907-15. [PMID: 17638846 PMCID: PMC2018671 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2007-05-089086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 201] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Individuals with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) have a striking increase in premature atherosclerosis of unclear etiology. Accelerated endothelial cell apoptosis occurs in SLE and correlates with endothelial dysfunction. Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) and myelomonocytic circulating angiogenic cells (CACs) are crucial in blood vessel repair after vascular damage, and decreased levels or abnormal function of EPCs/CACs are established atherosclerosis risk factors. We investigated if vascular repair is impaired in SLE. We report that SLE patients display abnormal phenotype and function of EPCs/CACs. These abnormalities are characterized by significant decreases in the number of circulating EPCs (310 +/- 50 EPCs/mL of blood in SLE versus 639 +/- 102 in controls) and significant impairments in the capacity of EPCs/CACs to differentiate into mature ECs and synthesize adequate levels of the proangiogenic molecules vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and hepatic growth factor (HGF). These abnormalities are triggered by interferon-alpha (IFN-alpha), which induces EPC and CAC apoptosis and skews myeloid cells toward nonangiogenic phenotypes. Lupus EPCs/CACs have increased IFN-alpha expression and their supernatants promote higher induction of IFN-inducible genes. Importantly, neutralization of IFN pathways restores a normal EPC/CAC phenotype in lupus. SLE is characterized by an imbalance between endothelial cell damage and repair triggered by type I IFNs, which might promote accelerated atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael F Denny
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
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Abstract
The identification of the antigen recognition receptors for innate immunity, most notably the Toll-like receptors, has sparked great interest in therapeutic manipulation of the innate immune system. Toll-like receptor agonists are being developed for the treatment of cancer, allergies and viral infections, and as adjuvants for potent new vaccines to prevent or treat cancer and infectious diseases. As recognition grows of the role of inappropriate Toll-like receptor stimulation in inflammation and autoimmunity, significant efforts have begun to develop antagonists to Toll-like receptors as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holger Kanzler
- Dynavax Technologies, 2929 Seventh Street, Suite 100, Berkeley, California 94710, USA
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Guiducci C, Ott G, Chan JH, Damon E, Calacsan C, Matray T, Lee KD, Coffman RL, Barrat FJ. Properties regulating the nature of the plasmacytoid dendritic cell response to Toll-like receptor 9 activation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006; 203:1999-2008. [PMID: 16864658 PMCID: PMC2118381 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20060401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 291] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Human plasmacytoid dendritic cells (PDCs) can produce interferon (IFN)-α and/or mature and participate in the adaptive immune response. Three classes of CpG oligonucleotide ligands for Toll-like receptor (TLR)9 can be distinguished by different sequence motifs and different abilities to stimulate IFN-α production and maturation of PDCs. We show that the nature of the PDC response is determined by the higher order structure and endosomal location of the CpG oligonucleotide. Activation of TLR9 by the multimeric CpG-A occurs in transferrin receptor (TfR)-positive endosomes and leads exclusively to IFN-α production, whereas monomeric CpG-B oligonucleotides localize to lysosome-associated membrane protein (LAMP)-1–positive endosomes and promote maturation of PDCs. However, CpG-B, when complexed into microparticles, localizes in TfR-positive endosomes and induces IFN-α from PDCs, whereas monomeric forms of CpG-A localize to LAMP-1–positive endosomes accompanied by the loss of IFN-α production and a gain in PDC maturation activity. CpG-C sequences, which induce both IFN-α and maturation of PDCs, are distributed in both type of endosomes. Encapsulation of CpG-C in liposomes stable above pH 5.75 completely abrogated the IFN-α response while increasing PDC maturation. This establishes that the primary determinant of TLR9 signaling is not valency but endosomal location and demonstrates a strict compartmentalization of the biological response to TLR9 activation in PDCs.
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Barrat FJ, Meeker T, Gregorio J, Chan JH, Uematsu S, Akira S, Chang B, Duramad O, Coffman RL. Nucleic acids of mammalian origin can act as endogenous ligands for Toll-like receptors and may promote systemic lupus erythematosus. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006; 202:1131-9. [PMID: 16230478 PMCID: PMC2213213 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20050914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 690] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Raised serum levels of interferon (IFN)-alpha have been observed in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients, and these levels are correlated with both disease activity and severity. The origin of this IFN-alpha is still unclear, but increasing evidence suggests the critical involvement of activated plasmacytoid predendritic cells (PDCs). In SLE patients, DNA and RNA viruses, as well as immune complexes (ICs), that consist of autoantibodies specific to self-DNA and RNA protein particles can stimulate production of IFN-alpha. We have developed three series of oligonucleotide (ODN)-based inhibitors of Toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling. These ODNs include inhibitors of TLR9, inhibitors of TLR7 but not TLR9, and sequences that inhibit both TLR7 and TLR9. Specificity of these inhibitors is confirmed by inhibition of IFN-alpha production by PDCs in response to DNA or RNA viruses. We show that mammalian DNA and RNA, in the form of ICs, are potent self-antigens for TLR9 and TLR7, respectively, and induce IFN-alpha production by PDCs. This work suggests that TLRs may have a critical role in the promotion of lupus through the induction of IFN-alpha by PDCs. These inhibitors of TLR signaling thus represent novel therapeutic agents with potential for the treatment of lupus.
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Xystrakis E, Kusumakar S, Boswell S, Peek E, Urry Z, Richards DF, Adikibi T, Pridgeon C, Dallman M, Loke TK, Robinson DS, Barrat FJ, O'Garra A, Lavender P, Lee TH, Corrigan C, Hawrylowicz CM. Reversing the defective induction of IL-10-secreting regulatory T cells in glucocorticoid-resistant asthma patients. J Clin Invest 2005; 116:146-55. [PMID: 16341266 PMCID: PMC1307558 DOI: 10.1172/jci21759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 446] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2004] [Accepted: 10/11/2005] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously reported that human CD4+ Tregs secrete high levels of IL-10 when stimulated in the presence of dexamethasone and calcitriol (vitamin D3). We now show that following stimulation by allergen, IL-10-secreting Tregs inhibit cytokine secretion by allergen-specific Th2 cells in an IL-10-dependent manner. A proportion of patients with severe asthma fail to demonstrate clinical improvement upon glucocorticoid therapy, and their asthma is characterized as glucocorticoid resistant (SR, abbreviation derived from "steroid resistant"). Dexamethasone does not enhance secretion of IL-10 by their CD4+ T cells. Addition of vitamin D3 with dexamethasone to cultures of SR CD4+ T cells enhanced IL-10 synthesis to levels observed in cells from glucocorticoid-sensitive patients cultured with dexamethasone alone. Furthermore, pretreatment with IL-10 fully restored IL-10 synthesis in these cells in response to dexamethasone. Vitamin D3 significantly overcame the inhibition of glucocorticoid-receptor expression by dexamethasone while IL-10 upregulated glucocorticoid-receptor expression by CD4+ T cells, suggesting potential mechanisms whereby these treatments may overcome poor glucocorticoid responsiveness. We show here that administration of vitamin D3 to healthy individuals and SR asthmatic patients enhanced subsequent responsiveness to dexamethasone for induction of IL-10. This strongly suggests that vitamin D3 could potentially increase the therapeutic response to glucocorticoids in SR patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Xystrakis
- Medical Research Council and Asthma-UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma at King's College London, Strand, London, United Kingdom
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Yang K, Puel A, Zhang S, Eidenschenk C, Ku CL, Casrouge A, Picard C, von Bernuth H, Senechal B, Plancoulaine S, Al-Hajjar S, Al-Ghonaium A, Maródi L, Davidson D, Speert D, Roifman C, Garty BZ, Ozinsky A, Barrat FJ, Coffman RL, Miller RL, Li X, Lebon P, Rodriguez-Gallego C, Chapel H, Geissmann F, Jouanguy E, Casanova JL. Human TLR-7-, -8-, and -9-mediated induction of IFN-alpha/beta and -lambda Is IRAK-4 dependent and redundant for protective immunity to viruses. Immunity 2005; 23:465-78. [PMID: 16286015 PMCID: PMC7111074 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2005.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 198] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2005] [Revised: 09/16/2005] [Accepted: 09/22/2005] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Five TLRs are thought to play an important role in antiviral immunity, sensing viral products and inducing IFN-alpha/beta and -lambda. Surprisingly, patients with a defect of IRAK-4, a critical kinase downstream from TLRs, are resistant to common viruses. We show here that IFN-alpha/beta and -lambda induction via TLR-7, TLR-8, and TLR-9 was abolished in IRAK-4-deficient blood cells. In contrast, IFN-alpha/beta and -lambda were induced normally by TLR-3 and TLR-4 agonists. Moreover, IFN-beta and -lambda were normally induced by TLR-3 agonists and viruses in IRAK-4-deficient fibroblasts. We further show that IFN-alpha/beta and -lambda production in response to 9 of 11 viruses tested was normal or weakly affected in IRAK-4-deficient blood cells. Thus, IRAK-4-deficient patients may control viral infections by TLR-3- and TLR-4-dependent and/or TLR-independent production of IFNs. The TLR-7-, TLR-8-, and TLR-9-dependent induction of IFN-alpha/beta and -lambda is strictly IRAK-4 dependent and paradoxically redundant for protective immunity to most viruses in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Yang
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, University of Paris René Descartes INSERM U550, Necker Medical School, 75015 Paris, France
- French-Chinese Laboratory of Genetics and Life Sciences, Rui Jin Hospital, Medical School of Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200025 Shanghai, China
| | - Anne Puel
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, University of Paris René Descartes INSERM U550, Necker Medical School, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Shenying Zhang
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, University of Paris René Descartes INSERM U550, Necker Medical School, 75015 Paris, France
- French-Chinese Laboratory of Genetics and Life Sciences, Rui Jin Hospital, Medical School of Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200025 Shanghai, China
| | - Céline Eidenschenk
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, University of Paris René Descartes INSERM U550, Necker Medical School, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Cheng-Lung Ku
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, University of Paris René Descartes INSERM U550, Necker Medical School, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Armanda Casrouge
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, University of Paris René Descartes INSERM U550, Necker Medical School, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Capucine Picard
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, University of Paris René Descartes INSERM U550, Necker Medical School, 75015 Paris, France
- Pediatric Immunology-Hematology, Necker Enfants Malades Hospital, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Horst von Bernuth
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, University of Paris René Descartes INSERM U550, Necker Medical School, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Brigitte Senechal
- Laboratory of Mononuclear Cell Biology, INSERM Avenir, IFR Necker, Necker Hospital, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Sabine Plancoulaine
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, University of Paris René Descartes INSERM U550, Necker Medical School, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Sami Al-Hajjar
- Department of Pediatrics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh 11211, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulaziz Al-Ghonaium
- Department of Pediatrics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh 11211, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - László Maródi
- Department of Infectiology and Pediatric Immunology, Medical and Health Science Center, University of Debrecen, H-4012 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Donald Davidson
- Division of Infectious and Immunological Diseases, British Columbia Research Institute for Child and Family Health, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 4H4, Canada
| | - David Speert
- Division of Infectious and Immunological Diseases, British Columbia Research Institute for Child and Family Health, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 4H4, Canada
| | - Chaim Roifman
- Divison of Immunology/Allergy, Department of Paediatrics, Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1X8, Canada
| | - Ben-Zion Garty
- Department of Pediatrics, Schneider Children's Medical Center of Israel, 49202 Petah Tiqva, Israel
| | - Adrian Ozinsky
- Institute for Systems Biology, Seattle, Washington 98103
| | | | | | | | - Xiaoxia Li
- Department of Immunology, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio 44195
| | - Pierre Lebon
- Department of Virology, Saint Vincent de Paul Hospital, University of Paris René Descartes, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Carlos Rodriguez-Gallego
- Department of Immunology, Gran Canaria Dr Negrin Hospital, 35020 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Helen Chapel
- Department of Immunology, Oxford Radcliffe Hospital, John Radcliffe Campus, Headington, Oxford OX3 9DU, United Kingdom
| | - Frédéric Geissmann
- Laboratory of Mononuclear Cell Biology, INSERM Avenir, IFR Necker, Necker Hospital, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Emmanuelle Jouanguy
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, University of Paris René Descartes INSERM U550, Necker Medical School, 75015 Paris, France
- French-Chinese Laboratory of Genetics and Life Sciences, Rui Jin Hospital, Medical School of Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200025 Shanghai, China
| | - Jean-Laurent Casanova
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, University of Paris René Descartes INSERM U550, Necker Medical School, 75015 Paris, France
- French-Chinese Laboratory of Genetics and Life Sciences, Rui Jin Hospital, Medical School of Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200025 Shanghai, China
- Pediatric Immunology-Hematology, Necker Enfants Malades Hospital, 75015 Paris, France
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Duramad O, Fearon KL, Chang B, Chan JH, Gregorio J, Coffman RL, Barrat FJ. Inhibitors of TLR-9 act on multiple cell subsets in mouse and man in vitro and prevent death in vivo from systemic inflammation. J Immunol 2005; 174:5193-200. [PMID: 15843514 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.174.9.5193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
In parallel with the discovery of the immunostimulatory activities of CpG-containing oligodeoxynucleotides, several groups have reported specific DNA sequences that could inhibit activation by CpG-containing oligodeoxynucleotides in mouse models. We show that these inhibitory sequences, termed IRS, inhibit TLR-9-mediated activation in human as well as mouse cells. This inhibitory activity includes proliferation and IL-6 production by B cells, and IFN-alpha and IL-12 production by plasmacytoid dendritic cells. Our studies of multiple cell types in both mice and humans show the optimal IRS to contain a GGGG motif within the sequence, and the activity to require a phosphorothioate backbone. Although the GGGG motif readily itself leads to formation of a tetrameric oligodeoxynucleotide structure, inhibitory activity resides exclusively in the single-stranded form. When coinjected with a CpG oligodeoxynucleotide in vivo, IRS were shown to inhibit inflammation through a reduction in serum cytokine responses. IRS do not need to be injected at the same site to inhibit, demonstrating that rapid, systemic inhibition of TLR-9 can be readily achieved. IRS can also inhibit a complex pathological response to ISS, as shown by protection from death after massive systemic inflammation induced by a CpG-containing oligodeoxynucleotides.
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Vieira PL, Christensen JR, Minaee S, O'Neill EJ, Barrat FJ, Boonstra A, Barthlott T, Stockinger B, Wraith DC, O'Garra A. IL-10-Secreting Regulatory T Cells Do Not Express Foxp3 but Have Comparable Regulatory Function to Naturally Occurring CD4+CD25+ Regulatory T Cells. J Immunol 2004; 172:5986-93. [PMID: 15128781 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.172.10.5986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 498] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Regulatory T cells (T(Reg)) control immune responses to self and nonself Ags. The relationship between Ag-driven IL-10-secreting T(Reg) (IL-10-T(Reg)) and naturally occurring CD4(+)CD25(+) T(Reg) is as yet unclear. We show that mouse IL-10-T(Reg) obtained using either in vitro or in vivo regimens of antigenic stimulation did not express the CD4(+)CD25(+) T(Reg)-associated transcription factor Foxp3. However, despite the absence of Foxp3 expression, homogeneous populations of IL-10-T(Reg) inhibited the in vitro proliferation of CD4(+)CD25(-) T cells with a similar efficiency to that of CD4(+)CD25(+) T(Reg). This inhibition of T cell proliferation by IL-10-T(Reg) was achieved through an IL-10-independent mechanism as seen for CD4(+)CD25(+) T(Reg) and was overcome by exogenous IL-2. Both IL-10-T(Reg) and CD4(+)CD25(+) T(Reg) were similar in that they produced little to no IL-2. These data show that Foxp3 expression is not a prerequisite for IL-10-T(Reg) activity in vitro or in vivo, and suggest that IL-10-T(Reg) and naturally occurring CD4(+)CD25(+) T(Reg) may have distinct origins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro L Vieira
- Division of Immunoregulation, The National Institute for Medical Research, London, United Kingdom.
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44
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Duramad O, Fearon KL, Chan JH, Kanzler H, Marshall JD, Coffman RL, Barrat FJ. IL-10 regulates plasmacytoid dendritic cell response to CpG-containing immunostimulatory sequences. Blood 2003; 102:4487-92. [PMID: 12946990 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2003-07-2465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunostimulatory sequences (ISS) are short oligonucleotides containing unmethylated cytosine-phosphate-guanine (CpG) dinucleotides that stimulate innate immune responses through Toll-like receptor-9 on B cells and plasmacytoid dendritic cell (PDC) precursors. The anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin (IL)-10 is predicted to be a potent inhibitor of many of the activities described for ISS, and this may impact the use of ISS in disease states characterized by elevated IL-10. As the activities of ISS on PDCs are central to many clinical applications of ISS, we have studied the effects of IL-10 on PDC stimulation by 3 distinct classes of ISS. IL-10 inhibited cytokine production and survival of ISS-activated PDCs; however, IL-12 induction was much more sensitive to inhibition than interferon (IFN)-alpha induction. Within the PDC population are cells that respond to ISS by producing either IL-12 or IFN-alpha but not both cytokines. IL-12-producing PDCs require costimulation through CD40 and appear more mature than IFN-alpha-producing PDCs. The 3 distinct classes of ISS differed with respect to induction of PDC maturation and T-cell priming capacity. IL-10 regulated PDC activation but did not inhibit the subsequent T-cell-priming ability of PDCs already activated by ISS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar Duramad
- Dynavax Technologies, 717 Potter St, Ste 100, Berkeley, CA 94710, USA
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45
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O'Garra A, Barrat FJ. In vitro generation of IL-10-producing regulatory CD4+ T cells is induced by immunosuppressive drugs and inhibited by Th1- and Th2-inducing cytokines. Immunol Lett 2003; 85:135-9. [PMID: 12527219 DOI: 10.1016/s0165-2478(02)00239-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Anne O'Garra
- Division of Immunoregulation, The National Institute for Medical Research (NIMR), The Ridgeway, Mill Hill, NW7 1AA, London, UK
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Barrat FJ, Cua DJ, Boonstra A, Richards DF, Crain C, Savelkoul HF, de Waal-Malefyt R, Coffman RL, Hawrylowicz CM, O'Garra A. In vitro generation of interleukin 10-producing regulatory CD4(+) T cells is induced by immunosuppressive drugs and inhibited by T helper type 1 (Th1)- and Th2-inducing cytokines. J Exp Med 2002; 195:603-16. [PMID: 11877483 PMCID: PMC2193760 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20011629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 845] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
We show that a combination of the immunosuppressive drugs, vitamin D3 and Dexamethasone, induced human and mouse naive CD4(+) T cells to differentiate in vitro into regulatory T cells. In contrast to the previously described in vitro derived CD4(+) T cells, these cells produced only interleukin (IL)-10, but no IL-5 and interferon (IFN)-gamma, and furthermore retained strong proliferative capacity. The development of these IL-10-producing cells was enhanced by neutralization of the T helper type 1 (Th1)- and Th2-inducing cytokines IL-4, IL-12, and IFN-gamma. These immunosuppressive drugs also induced the development of IL-10-producing T cells in the absence of antigen-presenting cells, with IL-10 acting as a positive autocrine factor for these T cells. Furthermore, nuclear factor (NF)-kappaB and activator protein (AP)-1 activities were inhibited in the IL-10-producing cells described here as well as key transcription factors involved in Th1 and Th2 subset differentiation. The regulatory function of these in vitro generated IL-10-producing T cells was demonstrated by their ability to prevent central nervous system inflammation, when targeted to the site of inflammation, and this function was shown to be IL-10 dependent. Generating homogeneous populations of IL-10-producing T cells in vitro will thus facilitate the use of regulatory T cells in immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franck J Barrat
- DNAX Research Institute, Department of Immunology, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA.
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Boonstra A, Barrat FJ, Crain C, Heath VL, Savelkoul HF, O'Garra A. 1alpha,25-Dihydroxyvitamin d3 has a direct effect on naive CD4(+) T cells to enhance the development of Th2 cells. J Immunol 2001; 167:4974-80. [PMID: 11673504 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.167.9.4974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 820] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
1alpha,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 (vitD3) is an immunoregulatory hormone with beneficial effects on Th1 mediated autoimmune diseases. Although the inhibitory effects of vitD3 on macrophages and dendritic cells are well documented, any direct effects of vitD3 on Th cell development are not clearly defined. Using CD4(+)Mel14(+) T cells derived from mice on a BALB/c and a C57BL/6 genetic background we examined the effect of vitD3 on Th cell development. We demonstrated that vitD3 affects Th cell polarization by inhibiting Th1 (IFN-gamma production) and augmenting Th2 cell development (IL-4, IL-5, and IL-10 production). These effects were observed in cultures driven with splenic APC and Ag, as well as with anti-CD3 and anti-CD28 alone, indicating that CD4(+) cells can also be direct targets for vitD3. The enhanced Th2 development by vitD3 was found in both BALB/c and C57BL/6 mice. An increased expression of the Th2-specific transcription factors GATA-3 and c-maf correlated with the increased production of Th2 cytokines after vitD3 treatment. The vitD3-induced effects were largely mediated via IL-4, because neutralization of IL-4 almost completely abrogated the augmented Th2 cell development after vitD3 treatment. These findings suggest that vitD3 acts directly on Th cells and can, in the absence of APC, enhance the development of a Th2 phenotype and augment the expression of the transcription factors c-maf and GATA-3. Our findings suggest that the beneficial effects of vitD3 in autoimmune diseases and transplantation operate through prevention of strong Th1 responses via the action on the APC, while simultaneously directly acting on the T cell to enhance Th2 cell development.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Boonstra
- Department of Immunology, DNAX Research Institute, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA.
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48
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Neighbors M, Xu X, Barrat FJ, Ruuls SR, Churakova T, Debets R, Bazan JF, Kastelein RA, Abrams JS, O'Garra A. A critical role for interleukin 18 in primary and memory effector responses to Listeria monocytogenes that extends beyond its effects on Interferon gamma production. J Exp Med 2001; 194:343-54. [PMID: 11489953 PMCID: PMC2193467 DOI: 10.1084/jem.194.3.343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The stimulation of interferon (IFN)-gamma by interleukin (IL)-12 has been shown to provide protection from intracellular pathogens such as Listeria monocytogenes. Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) is also a major player in the resolution of Listeria infections and is suggested to have more global effects than can be explained by the induction of IFN-gamma alone. Since IL-18 synergizes with IL-12 to induce IFN-gamma production by natural killer and T helper (Th)1 cells, we determined its role in responses to Listeria. IL-18 appeared to be even more potent than either IL-12 or IFN-gamma for protection against this pathogen and IL-18 enhanced bacterial clearance in the complete absence of IFN-gamma. Indeed IL-18 was comparable to TNF in its ability to resolve the infection and showed a lowered protective capacity in the absence of TNF. Moreover, IL-18 induced macrophages to secrete both TNF and nitric oxide after a Listeria infection. IL-18 was also essential for optimal IFN-gamma production by antigen-specific T cells. Therefore, IL-18 operates via its effects on both the innate immune response, including macrophages, as well as on Th1 cells, to protect against Listeria.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Neighbors
- Department of Immunology, DNAX Research Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Incorporated, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA.
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49
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Chensue SW, Lukacs NW, Yang TY, Shang X, Frait KA, Kunkel SL, Kung T, Wiekowski MT, Hedrick JA, Cook DN, Zingoni A, Narula SK, Zlotnik A, Barrat FJ, O'Garra A, Napolitano M, Lira SA. Aberrant in vivo T helper type 2 cell response and impaired eosinophil recruitment in CC chemokine receptor 8 knockout mice. J Exp Med 2001; 193:573-84. [PMID: 11238588 PMCID: PMC2193397 DOI: 10.1084/jem.193.5.573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 188] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemokine receptors transduce signals important for the function and trafficking of leukocytes. Recently, it has been shown that CC chemokine receptor (CCR)8 is selectively expressed by Th2 subsets, but its functional relevance is unclear. To address the biological role of CCR8, we generated CCR8 deficient (-/-) mice. Here we report defective T helper type 2 (Th2) immune responses in vivo in CCR8(-/)- mice in models of Schistosoma mansoni soluble egg antigen (SEA)-induced granuloma formation as well as ovalbumin (OVA)- and cockroach antigen (CRA)-induced allergic airway inflammation. In these mice, the response to SEA, OVA, and CRA showed impaired Th2 cytokine production that was associated with aberrant type 2 inflammation displaying a 50 to 80% reduction in eosinophils. In contrast, a prototypical Th1 immune response, elicited by Mycobacteria bovis purified protein derivative (PPD) was unaffected by CCR8 deficiency. Mechanistic analyses indicated that Th2 cells developed normally and that the reduction in eosinophil recruitment was likely due to systemic reduction in interleukin 5. These results indicate an important role for CCR8 in Th2 functional responses in vivo.
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MESH Headings
- Administration, Inhalation
- Animals
- Antigens/administration & dosage
- Antigens/immunology
- Cockroaches/immunology
- Cytokines/genetics
- Cytokines/metabolism
- Dose-Response Relationship, Immunologic
- Eosinophils/cytology
- Eosinophils/immunology
- Granuloma/immunology
- Granuloma/pathology
- Hypersensitivity/genetics
- Hypersensitivity/immunology
- Hypersensitivity/pathology
- Immunity, Cellular/genetics
- Immunity, Cellular/immunology
- Injections, Subcutaneous
- Interleukin-5/blood
- Lung/metabolism
- Lung/pathology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Ovalbumin/administration & dosage
- Ovalbumin/immunology
- Ovum/immunology
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Receptors, CCR8
- Receptors, Chemokine/deficiency
- Receptors, Chemokine/genetics
- Schistosoma mansoni/immunology
- Th1 Cells/immunology
- Th2 Cells/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen W. Chensue
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48105
| | - Nicholas W. Lukacs
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48105
| | - Tong-Yuan Yang
- Department of Immunology, Schering-Plough Research Institute, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033
| | - Xiaozhou Shang
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48105
| | - Kirsten A. Frait
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48105
| | - Steven L. Kunkel
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48105
| | - Ted Kung
- Department of Immunology, Schering-Plough Research Institute, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033
| | - Maria T. Wiekowski
- Department of Immunology, Schering-Plough Research Institute, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033
| | | | - Donald N. Cook
- Department of Immunology, Schering-Plough Research Institute, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033
| | - Alessandra Zingoni
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Pathology, University of Rome, 00167 Rome, Italy
| | - Satwant K. Narula
- Department of Immunology, Schering-Plough Research Institute, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033
| | - Albert Zlotnik
- DNAX Research Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Palo Alto, California 94304
| | - Franck J. Barrat
- DNAX Research Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Palo Alto, California 94304
| | - Anne O'Garra
- DNAX Research Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Palo Alto, California 94304
| | | | - Sergio A. Lira
- Department of Immunology, Schering-Plough Research Institute, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033
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50
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Dufourcq-Lagelouse R, Pastural E, Barrat FJ, Le Deist F, Fischer A, de Saint Basile G. [Genetic defects in control of T cell activation evolving in a syndrome of lymphohistiocytic activation]. Arch Pediatr 2000; 6 Suppl 2:417s-419s. [PMID: 10370555 DOI: 10.1016/s0929-693x(99)80487-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R Dufourcq-Lagelouse
- Unité de recherches sur le développement normal et pathologique du système immunitaire, Inserm U429, Paris, France
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