1
|
Guo Q, Dong ZX, Luo X, Zheng LJ, Fan LH, Zheng HD. Engineering Escherichia coli for D-allulose biosynthesis from glycerol. J Biotechnol 2024; 394:103-111. [PMID: 39181208 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2024.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2024] [Revised: 08/07/2024] [Accepted: 08/20/2024] [Indexed: 08/27/2024]
Abstract
D-allulose, a naturally occurring monosaccharide, is present in small quantities in nature. It is considered a valuable low-calorie sweetener due to its low absorption in the digestive tract and zero energy for growth. Most of the recent efforts to produce D-allulose have focused on in vitro enzyme catalysis. However, microbial fermentation is emerging as a promising alternative that offers the advantage of combining enzyme manufacturing and product synthesis within a single bioreactor. Here, a novel approach was proposed for the efficient biosynthesis of D-allulose from glycerol using metabolically engineered Escherichia coli. FbaA, Fbp, AlsE, and A6PP were used to construct the D-allulose synthesis pathway. Subsequently, PfkA, PfkB, and Pgi were disrupted to block the entry of the intermediate fructose-6-phosphate (F6P) into the Embden-Meyerhof-Parnas (EMP) and pentose phosphate (PP) pathways. Additionally, GalE and FryA were inactivated to reduce D-allulose consumption by the cells. Finally, a fed-batch fermentation process was implemented to optimize the performance of the cell factory. As a result, the titer of D-allulose reached 7.02 g/L with a maximum yield of 0.287 g/g.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Guo
- College of Chemical Engineering, Fujian Engineering Research Center of Advanced Manufacturing Technology for Fine Chemicals, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Zhen-Xing Dong
- College of Chemical Engineering, Fujian Engineering Research Center of Advanced Manufacturing Technology for Fine Chemicals, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Xuan Luo
- College of Chemical Engineering, Fujian Engineering Research Center of Advanced Manufacturing Technology for Fine Chemicals, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Ling-Jie Zheng
- College of Chemical Engineering, Fujian Engineering Research Center of Advanced Manufacturing Technology for Fine Chemicals, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China; Qingyuan Innovation Laboratory, Quanzhou 362801, China
| | - Li-Hai Fan
- College of Chemical Engineering, Fujian Engineering Research Center of Advanced Manufacturing Technology for Fine Chemicals, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China; Qingyuan Innovation Laboratory, Quanzhou 362801, China.
| | - Hui-Dong Zheng
- College of Chemical Engineering, Fujian Engineering Research Center of Advanced Manufacturing Technology for Fine Chemicals, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China; Qingyuan Innovation Laboratory, Quanzhou 362801, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Xie X, Li C, Ban X, Yang H, Li Z. D-allulose 3-epimerase for low-calorie D-allulose synthesis: microbial production, characterization, and applications. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2024:1-20. [PMID: 38973014 DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2024.2368517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2024]
Abstract
D-allulose, an epimer of D-fructose at C-3 position, is a low-calorie rare sugar with favorable physiochemical properties and special physiological functions, which displays promising perspectives in the food and pharmaceutical industries. Currently, D-allulose is extremely sparse in nature and is predominantly biosynthesized through the isomerization of D-fructose by D-allulose 3-epimerase (DAEase). In recent years, D-allulose 3-epimerase as the key biocatalyst for D-allulose production has received increasing interest. The current review begins by providing a summary of D-allulose regarding its characteristics and applications, as well as different synthesis pathways dominated by biotransformation. Then, the research advances of D-allulose 3-epimerase are systematically reviewed, focusing on heterologous expression and biochemical characterization, crystal structure and molecular modification, and application in D-allulose production. Concerning the constraint of low yield of DAEase for industrial application, this review addresses the various attempts made to promote the production of DAEase in different expression systems. Also, various strategies have been adopted to improve its thermotolerance and catalytic activity, which is mainly based on the structure-function relationship of DAEase. The application of DAEase in D-allulose biosynthesis from D-fructose or low-cost feedstocks through single- or multi-enzymatic cascade reaction has been discussed. Finally, the prospects for related research of D-allulose 3-epimerase are also proposed, facilitating the industrialization of DAEase and more efficient and economical bioproduction of D-allulose.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofang Xie
- Department of Food Science and Technology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- National University of Singapore (Suzhou) Research Institute, Suzhou, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Caiming Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, P. R. China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, P. R. China
| | - Xiaofeng Ban
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, P. R. China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, P. R. China
| | - Hongshun Yang
- Department of Food Science and Technology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- National University of Singapore (Suzhou) Research Institute, Suzhou, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Zhaofeng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, P. R. China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Wang J, Lu C, Shen X, He T, Lu D, Wang X, Zhang Y, Lin Z, Yang X. Enhancing the stability of a novel D-allulose 3-epimerase from Ruminococcus sp. CAG55 by interface interaction engineering and terminally attached a self-assembling peptide. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 269:131986. [PMID: 38697423 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.131986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Revised: 04/06/2024] [Accepted: 04/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
D-allulose, a highly desirable sugar substitute, is primarily produced using the D-allulose 3-epimerase (DAE). However, the availability of usable DAE enzymes is limited. In this study, we discovered and engineered a novel DAE Rum55, derived from a human gut bacterium Ruminococcus sp. CAG55. The activity of Rum55 was strictly dependent on the presence of Co2+, and it exhibited an equilibrium conversion rate of 30.6 % and a half-life of 4.5 h at 50 °C. To enhance its performance, we engineered the interface interaction of Rum55 to stabilize its tetramer structure, and the best variant E268R was then attached with a self-assembling peptide to form active enzyme aggregates as carrier-free immobilization. The half-life of the best variant E268R-EKL16 at 50 °C was dramatically increased 30-fold to 135.3 h, and it maintained 90 % of its activity after 13 consecutive reaction cycles. Additionally, we identified that metal ions played a key role in stabilizing the tetramer structure of Rum55, and the dependence on metal ions for E268R-EKL16 was significantly reduced. This study provides a useful route for improving the thermostability of DAEs, opening up new possibilities for the industrial production of D-allulose.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; COFCO Nutrition & Health Research Institute, Beijing 102209, China
| | - Chenlin Lu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xuemei Shen
- COFCO Nutrition & Health Research Institute, Beijing 102209, China
| | - Taibo He
- COFCO Nutrition & Health Research Institute, Beijing 102209, China
| | - Diannan Lu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xiaoyan Wang
- COFCO Nutrition & Health Research Institute, Beijing 102209, China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- COFCO Nutrition & Health Research Institute, Beijing 102209, China.
| | - Zhanglin Lin
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; School of Biomedicine, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Xiaofeng Yang
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Wang Z, Wang H, Feng T, Li N, Sun Q, Liu J. Simultaneous Enhancement of the Thermostability and Catalytic Activity of D-Allulose 3-Epimerase from Clostridium bolteae ATTC BAA-613 Based on the "Back to Consensus Mutations" Hypothesis. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024. [PMID: 38603782 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.4c01146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
D-Allulose is a high value rare sugar with multiple physiological functions and commercial potential that can be enzymatically synthesized from D-fructose by D-allulose 3-epimerase (DAEase). Poor catalytic activity and thermostability of DAEase prevent the industrial production of D-allulose. In this work, rational design was applied to a previously identified DAEase from Clostridium bolteae ATCC BAA-613 based on the "back to consensus mutations" hypothesis, and the catalytic activity of the Cb-I265 V variant was enhanced 2.5-fold. Furthermore, the Cb-I265 V/E268D double-site variant displayed 2.0-fold higher specific catalytic activity and 1.4-fold higher thermostability than the wild-type enzyme. Molecular docking and kinetic simulation results indicated increased hydrogen bonds between the active pocket and substrate, possibly contributing to the improved thermal stability and catalytic activity of the double-site mutant. The findings outlined a feasible approach for the rational design of multiple preset functions of target enzymes simultaneously.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqi Wang
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, 100 Daxue Road, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, China
| | - Huiyi Wang
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, 100 Daxue Road, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, China
| | - Tingting Feng
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, 100 Daxue Road, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, China
| | - Ning Li
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, 100 Daxue Road, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, China
| | - Qinju Sun
- Guangxi Vocational University of Agriculture, 176 Daxue Road, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, China
| | - Jidong Liu
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, 100 Daxue Road, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, China
- Academy of Sugarcane and Sugar Industry, Guangxi University, 100 Daxue Road, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Zhang W, Ren H, Chen J, Ni D, Xu W, Mu W. Enhancement of the d-Allulose 3-Epimerase Expression in Bacillus subtilis through Both Transcriptional and Translational Regulations. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:8052-8059. [PMID: 38563420 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.4c01122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
d-Allulose, a functional bulk sweetener, has recently attracted increasing attention because of its low-caloric-ness properties and diverse health effects. d-Allulose is industrially produced by the enzymatic epimerization of d-fructose, which is catalyzed by ketose 3-epimerase (KEase). In this study, the food-grade expression of KEase was studied using Bacillus subtills as the host. Clostridium sp. d-allulose 3-epimerase (Clsp-DAEase) was screened from nine d-allulose-producing KEases, showing better potential for expression in B. subtills WB600. Promoter-based transcriptional regulation and N-terminal coding sequence (NCS)-based translational regulation were studied to enhance the DAEase expression level. In addition, the synergistic effect of promoter and NCS on the Clsp-DAEase expression was studied. Finally, the strain with the combination of a PHapII promoter and gln A-Up NCS was selected as the best Clsp-DAEase-producing strain. It efficiently produced Clsp-DAEase with a total activity of 333.2 and 1860.6 U/mL by shake-flask and fed-batch cultivations, respectively.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenli Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Hu Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - JiaJun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Dawei Ni
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Wanmeng Mu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Li C, Gao X, Li H, Wang T, Lu F, Qin H. Growth-Coupled Evolutionary Pressure Improving Epimerases for D-Allulose Biosynthesis Using a Biosensor-Assisted In Vivo Selection Platform. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2306478. [PMID: 38308132 PMCID: PMC11005681 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202306478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2024]
Abstract
Fast screening strategies that enable high-throughput evaluation and identification of desired variants from diversified enzyme libraries are crucial to tailoring biocatalysts for the synthesis of D-allulose, which is currently limited by the poor catalytic performance of ketose 3-epimerases (KEases). Here, the study designs a minimally equipment-dependent, high-throughput, and growth-coupled in vivo screening platform founded on a redesigned D-allulose-dependent biosensor system. The genetic elements modulating regulator PsiR expression levels undergo systematic optimization to improve the growth-responsive dynamic range of the biosensor, which presents ≈30-fold facilitated growth optical density with a high signal-to-noise ratio (1.52 to 0.05) toward D-allulose concentrations from 0 to 100 mm. Structural analysis and evolutionary conservation analysis of Agrobacterium sp. SUL3 D-allulose 3-epimerase (ADAE) reveal a highly conserved catalytic active site and variable hydrophobic pocket, which together regulate substrate recognition. Structure-guided rational design and directed evolution are implemented using the growth-coupled in vivo screening platform to reprogram ADAE, in which a mutant M42 (P38N/V102A/Y201L/S207N/I251R) is identified with a 6.28-fold enhancement of catalytic activity and significantly improved thermostability with a 2.5-fold increase of the half-life at 60 °C. The research demonstrates that biosensor-assisted growth-coupled evolutionary pressure combined with structure-guided rational design provides a universal route for engineering KEases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chao Li
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology of the Ministry of EducationTianjin Key Laboratory of Industrial MicrobiologyNational Engineering Laboratory for Industrial EnzymesCollege of BiotechnologyTianjin University of Science and TechnologyTianjin300457P. R. China
| | - Xin Gao
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology of the Ministry of EducationTianjin Key Laboratory of Industrial MicrobiologyNational Engineering Laboratory for Industrial EnzymesCollege of BiotechnologyTianjin University of Science and TechnologyTianjin300457P. R. China
| | - Huimin Li
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology of the Ministry of EducationTianjin Key Laboratory of Industrial MicrobiologyNational Engineering Laboratory for Industrial EnzymesCollege of BiotechnologyTianjin University of Science and TechnologyTianjin300457P. R. China
| | - Tong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology of the Ministry of EducationTianjin Key Laboratory of Industrial MicrobiologyNational Engineering Laboratory for Industrial EnzymesCollege of BiotechnologyTianjin University of Science and TechnologyTianjin300457P. R. China
| | - Fuping Lu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology of the Ministry of EducationTianjin Key Laboratory of Industrial MicrobiologyNational Engineering Laboratory for Industrial EnzymesCollege of BiotechnologyTianjin University of Science and TechnologyTianjin300457P. R. China
| | - Hui‐Min Qin
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology of the Ministry of EducationTianjin Key Laboratory of Industrial MicrobiologyNational Engineering Laboratory for Industrial EnzymesCollege of BiotechnologyTianjin University of Science and TechnologyTianjin300457P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Guan L, Zhu L, Wang K, Gao Y, Li J, Yan S, Zhang X, Ji N, Fan J, Zhou Y, Yao X, Li B. Biochemical characterization, structure-guided mutagenesis, and application of a recombinant D-allulose 3-epimerase from Christensenellaceae bacterium for the biocatalytic production of D-allulose. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2024; 12:1365814. [PMID: 38476966 PMCID: PMC10927987 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2024.1365814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
D-Allulose has become a promising alternative sweetener due to its unique properties of low caloric content, moderate sweetness, and physiological effects. D-Allulose 3-epimerase (DAEase) is a promising enzyme for D-Allulose production. However, the low catalytic efficiency limited its large-scale industrial applications. To obtain a more effective biocatalyst, a putative DAEase from Christensenellaceae bacterium (CbDAE) was identified and characterized. The recombinant CbDAE exhibited optimum activity at pH 7.5°C and 55°C, retaining more than 60% relative activity from 40°C to 70°C, and the catalytic activity could be significantly increased by Co2+ supplementation. These enzymatic properties of purified CbDAE were compared with other DAEases. CbDAE was also found to possess desirable thermal stability at 55°C with a half-life of 12.4 h. CbDAE performed the highest relative activity towards D-allulose and strong affinity for D-fructose but relatively low catalytic efficiency towards D-fructose. Based on the structure-guided design, the best double-mutation variant G36N/W112E was obtained which reached up to 4.21-fold enhancement of catalytic activity compared with wild-type (WT) CbDAE. The catalytic production of G36N/W112E with 500 g/L D-fructose was at a medium to a higher level among the DAEases in 3.5 h, reducing 40% catalytic reaction time compared to the WT CbDAE. In addition, the G36N/W112E variant was also applied in honey and apple juice for D-allulose conversion. Our research offers an extra biocatalyst for D-allulose production, and the comprehensive report of this enzyme makes it potentially interesting for industrial applications and will aid the development of industrial biocatalysts for D-allulose.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lijun Guan
- Heilongjiang Academy of Sciences, Institute of Food Processing, Harbin, China
- Key Laboratory of Food Processing of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin, China
| | - Ling Zhu
- Heilongjiang Academy of Sciences, Institute of Food Processing, Harbin, China
- Key Laboratory of Food Processing of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin, China
| | - Kunlun Wang
- Heilongjiang Academy of Sciences, Institute of Food Processing, Harbin, China
- Key Laboratory of Food Processing of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin, China
| | - Yang Gao
- Heilongjiang Academy of Sciences, Institute of Food Processing, Harbin, China
- Key Laboratory of Food Processing of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin, China
| | - Jialei Li
- Heilongjiang Academy of Sciences, Institute of Food Processing, Harbin, China
- Key Laboratory of Food Processing of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin, China
| | - Song Yan
- Heilongjiang Academy of Sciences, Institute of Food Processing, Harbin, China
- Key Laboratory of Food Processing of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin, China
| | - Xindi Zhang
- Heilongjiang Academy of Sciences, Institute of Food Processing, Harbin, China
- Key Laboratory of Food Processing of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin, China
| | - Nina Ji
- Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Soybean Institute, Harbin, China
| | - Jing Fan
- Heilongjiang Academy of Sciences, Institute of Food Processing, Harbin, China
- Key Laboratory of Food Processing of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin, China
| | - Ye Zhou
- Heilongjiang Academy of Sciences, Institute of Food Processing, Harbin, China
- Key Laboratory of Food Processing of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin, China
| | - Xinmiao Yao
- Heilongjiang Academy of Sciences, Institute of Food Processing, Harbin, China
- Key Laboratory of Food Processing of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin, China
| | - Bo Li
- Heilongjiang Academy of Sciences, Institute of Food Processing, Harbin, China
- Key Laboratory of Food Processing of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Qi H, Wang T, Li H, Li C, Guan L, Liu W, Wang J, Lu F, Mao S, Qin HM. Sequence- and Structure-Based Mining of Thermostable D-Allulose 3-Epimerase and Computer-Guided Protein Engineering To Improve Enzyme Activity. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:18431-18442. [PMID: 37970673 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c07204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2023]
Abstract
D-Allulose, a functional sweetener, can be synthesized from fructose using D-allulose 3-epimerase (DAEase). Nevertheless, a majority of the reported DAEases have inadequate stability under harsh industrial reaction conditions, which greatly limits their practical applications. In this study, big data mining combined with a computer-guided free energy calculation strategy was employed to discover a novel DAEase with excellent thermostability. Consensus sequence analysis of flexible regions and comparison of binding energies after substrate docking were performed using phylogeny-guided big data analyses. TtDAE from Thermogutta terrifontis was the most thermostable among 358 candidate enzymes, with a half-life of 32 h at 70 °C. Subsequently, structure-guided virtual screening and a customized strategy based on a combinatorial active-site saturation test/iterative saturation mutagenesis were utilized to engineer TtDAE. Finally, the catalytic activity of the M4 variant (P105A/L14C/T63G/I65A) was increased by 5.12-fold. Steered molecular dynamics simulations indicated that M4 had an enlarged substrate-binding pocket, which enhanced the fit between the enzyme and the substrate. The approach presented here, combining DAEases mining with further rational modification, provides guidance for obtaining promising catalysts for industrial-scale production.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongbin Qi
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology of the Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, National Engineering Laboratory for Industrial Enzymes, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Tong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology of the Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, National Engineering Laboratory for Industrial Enzymes, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Huimin Li
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology of the Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, National Engineering Laboratory for Industrial Enzymes, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Chao Li
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology of the Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, National Engineering Laboratory for Industrial Enzymes, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Lijun Guan
- Institute of Food Processing, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150086, China
| | - Weidong Liu
- Industrial Enzymes National Engineering Laboratory, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, China
| | - Jianwen Wang
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Fuping Lu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology of the Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, National Engineering Laboratory for Industrial Enzymes, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Shuhong Mao
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology of the Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, National Engineering Laboratory for Industrial Enzymes, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Hui-Min Qin
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology of the Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, National Engineering Laboratory for Industrial Enzymes, Tianjin 300457, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Tan JH, Chen A, Bi J, Lim YH, Wong FT, Ow DSW. The Engineering, Expression, and Immobilization of Epimerases for D-allulose Production. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12703. [PMID: 37628886 PMCID: PMC10454905 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241612703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The rare sugar D-allulose is a potential replacement for sucrose with a wide range of health benefits. Conventional production involves the employment of the Izumoring strategy, which utilises D-allulose 3-epimerase (DAEase) or D-psicose 3-epimerase (DPEase) to convert D-fructose into D-allulose. Additionally, the process can also utilise D-tagatose 3-epimerase (DTEase). However, the process is not efficient due to the poor thermotolerance of the enzymes and low conversion rates between the sugars. This review describes three newly identified DAEases that possess desirable properties for the industrial-scale manufacturing of D-allulose. Other methods used to enhance process efficiency include the engineering of DAEases for improved thermotolerance or acid resistance, the utilization of Bacillus subtilis for the biosynthesis of D-allulose, and the immobilization of DAEases to enhance its activity, half-life, and stability. All these research advancements improve the yield of D-allulose, hence closing the gap between the small-scale production and industrial-scale manufacturing of D-allulose.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jin Hao Tan
- Microbial Cell Bioprocessing, Bioprocessing Technology Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore 138668, Singapore;
| | - Anqi Chen
- Chemical Biotechnology and Biocatalysis, Institute of Sustainability for Chemicals, Energy and Environment, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore 138665, Singapore; (A.C.); (F.T.W.)
| | - Jiawu Bi
- Molecular Engineering Lab, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore 138673, Singapore;
- Department of Food Science and Technology, National University of Singapore, 2 Science Drive 2, Singapore 117542, Singapore
| | - Yee Hwee Lim
- Chemical Biotechnology and Biocatalysis, Institute of Sustainability for Chemicals, Energy and Environment, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore 138665, Singapore; (A.C.); (F.T.W.)
- Synthetic Biology Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 10 Medical Drive, Singapore 117597, Singapore
| | - Fong Tian Wong
- Chemical Biotechnology and Biocatalysis, Institute of Sustainability for Chemicals, Energy and Environment, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore 138665, Singapore; (A.C.); (F.T.W.)
- Molecular Engineering Lab, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore 138673, Singapore;
| | - Dave Siak-Wei Ow
- Microbial Cell Bioprocessing, Bioprocessing Technology Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore 138668, Singapore;
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Wulansari S, Heng S, Ketbot P, Baramee S, Waeonukul R, Pason P, Ratanakhanokchai K, Uke A, Kosugi A, Tachaapaikoon C. A Novel D-Psicose 3-Epimerase from Halophilic, Anaerobic Iocasia fonsfrigidae and Its Application in Coconut Water. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:6394. [PMID: 37047367 PMCID: PMC10094494 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 03/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
D-Psicose is a rare, low-calorie sugar that is found in limited quantities in national products. Recently, D-psicose has gained considerable attention due to its potential applications in the food, nutraceutical, and pharmaceutical industries. In this study, a novel D-psicose 3-epimerase (a group of ketose 3-epimerase) from an extremely halophilic, anaerobic bacterium, Iocasia fonsfrigidae strain SP3-1 (IfDPEase), was cloned, expressed in Escherichia coli, and characterized. Unlike other ketose 3-epimerase members, IfDPEase shows reversible epimerization only for D-fructose and D-psicose at the C-3 position but not for D-tagatose, most likely because the Gly218 and Cys6 at the substrate-binding subsites of IfDPEase, which are involved in interactions at the O-1 and O-6 positions of D-fructose, respectively, differ from those of other 3-epimerases. Under optimum conditions (5 µM IfDPEase, 1 mM Mn2+, 50 °C, and pH 7.5), 36.1% of D-psicose was obtained from 10 mg/mL D-fructose. The IfDPEase is highly active against D-fructose under NaCl concentrations of up to 500 mM, possibly due to the excessive negative charges of acidic amino acid residues (aspartic and glutamic acids), which are localized on the surface of the halophilic enzyme. These negative charges may protect the enzyme from Na+ ions from the environment and result in the lowest pI value compared to those of other 3-epimerase members. Moreover, without adjusting any ingredients, IfDPEase could improve coconut water quality by converting D-fructose into D-psicose with a yield of 26.8%. Therefore, IfDPEase is an attractive alternative to enhancing the quality of fructose-containing foods.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shinta Wulansari
- Division of Biochemical Technology, School of Bioresources and Technology, King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok 10150, Thailand
| | - Sobroney Heng
- Division of Biochemical Technology, School of Bioresources and Technology, King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok 10150, Thailand
| | - Prattana Ketbot
- Excellent Center of Enzyme Technology and Microbial Utilization, Pilot Plant Development and Training Institute, King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok 10150, Thailand
| | - Sirilak Baramee
- Excellent Center of Enzyme Technology and Microbial Utilization, Pilot Plant Development and Training Institute, King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok 10150, Thailand
| | - Rattiya Waeonukul
- Division of Biochemical Technology, School of Bioresources and Technology, King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok 10150, Thailand
- Excellent Center of Enzyme Technology and Microbial Utilization, Pilot Plant Development and Training Institute, King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok 10150, Thailand
| | - Patthra Pason
- Division of Biochemical Technology, School of Bioresources and Technology, King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok 10150, Thailand
- Excellent Center of Enzyme Technology and Microbial Utilization, Pilot Plant Development and Training Institute, King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok 10150, Thailand
| | - Khanok Ratanakhanokchai
- Division of Biochemical Technology, School of Bioresources and Technology, King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok 10150, Thailand
- Excellent Center of Enzyme Technology and Microbial Utilization, Pilot Plant Development and Training Institute, King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok 10150, Thailand
| | - Ayaka Uke
- Biological Resources and Post-Harvest Division, International Research Center for Agricultural Sciences (JIRCAS), 1-1 Ohwashi, Tsukuba 305-8686, Japan
| | - Akihiko Kosugi
- Biological Resources and Post-Harvest Division, International Research Center for Agricultural Sciences (JIRCAS), 1-1 Ohwashi, Tsukuba 305-8686, Japan
| | - Chakrit Tachaapaikoon
- Division of Biochemical Technology, School of Bioresources and Technology, King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok 10150, Thailand
- Excellent Center of Enzyme Technology and Microbial Utilization, Pilot Plant Development and Training Institute, King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok 10150, Thailand
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Jia Q, Zhang H, Zhao A, Qu L, Xiong W, Alam MA, Miao J, Wang W, Li F, Xu J, Lv Y. Produce D-allulose from non-food biomass by integrating corn stalk hydrolysis with whole-cell catalysis. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1156953. [PMID: 36911188 PMCID: PMC9998921 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1156953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
D-allulose is a high-value rare sugar with many health benefits. D-allulose market demand increased dramatically after approved as generally recognized as safe (GRAS). The current studies are predominantly focusing on producing D-allulose from either D-glucose or D-fructose, which may compete foods against human. The corn stalk (CS) is one of the main agricultural waste biomass in the worldwide. Bioconversion is one of the promising approach to CS valorization, which is of significance for both food safety and reducing carbon emission. In this study, we tried to explore a non-food based route by integrating CS hydrolysis with D-allulose production. Firstly we developed an efficient Escherichia coli whole-cell catalyst to produce D-allulose from D-glucose. Next we hydrolyzed CS and achieved D-allulose production from the CS hydrolysate. Finally we immobilized the whole-cell catalyst by designing a microfluidic device. Process optimization improved D-allulose titer by 8.61 times, reaching 8.78 g/L from CS hydrolysate. With this method, 1 kg CS was finally converted to 48.87 g D-allulose. This study validated the feasibility of valorizing corn stalk by converting it to D-allulose.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qing Jia
- School of Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Anqi Zhao
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Lingbo Qu
- School of Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Wenlong Xiong
- School of Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Md Asraful Alam
- School of Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jixing Miao
- School of Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Weigao Wang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Shriram Center, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Feihu Li
- School of Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China
| | - Jingliang Xu
- School of Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yongkun Lv
- School of Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Li L, Zhang Q, Wang T, Qi H, Wei M, Lu F, Guan L, Mao S, Qin HM. Engineering of Acid-Resistant d-Allulose 3-Epimerase for Functional Juice Production. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:16298-16306. [PMID: 36515366 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c07153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
d-Allulose, a rare sugar and functional sweetener, can be biosynthesized by d-allulose 3-isomerase (DAE). However, most of the reported DAEs exhibit poor resistance under acidic conditions, which severely limited their application. Here, surface charge engineering and random mutagenesis were used to construct a mutant library of CcDAE from Clostridium cellulolyticum H10, combined with high-throughput screening to identify mutants with high activity and resistance under acidic conditions. The mutant M3 (I114R/K123E/H209R) exhibited high activity (3.36-fold of wild-type) and acid resistance (10.6-fold of wild-type) at pH 4.5. The structure-function relationship was further analyzed by molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, which indicated that M3 had a higher number of hydrogen bonds and negative surface charges than the wild type. A multienzyme cascade system including M3 was used to convert high-calorie sugars in acidic juices, and functional juices containing 7.8-15.4 g/L d-allulose were obtained. Our study broadens the manufacture of functional foods containing d-allulose.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Li
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology of the Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, P. R. China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, P. R. China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Industrial Enzymes, Tianjin 300457, P. R. China
| | - Qianqian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology of the Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, P. R. China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, P. R. China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Industrial Enzymes, Tianjin 300457, P. R. China
| | - Tong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology of the Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, P. R. China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, P. R. China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Industrial Enzymes, Tianjin 300457, P. R. China
| | - Hongbin Qi
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology of the Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, P. R. China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, P. R. China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Industrial Enzymes, Tianjin 300457, P. R. China
| | - Meijing Wei
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology of the Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, P. R. China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, P. R. China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Industrial Enzymes, Tianjin 300457, P. R. China
| | - Fuping Lu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology of the Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, P. R. China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, P. R. China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Industrial Enzymes, Tianjin 300457, P. R. China
| | - Lijun Guan
- Institute of Food Processing, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150086, P. R. China
| | - Shuhong Mao
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology of the Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, P. R. China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, P. R. China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Industrial Enzymes, Tianjin 300457, P. R. China
| | - Hui-Min Qin
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology of the Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, P. R. China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, P. R. China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Industrial Enzymes, Tianjin 300457, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Optimization of Ultrahigh-Throughput Screening Assay for Protein Engineering of d-Allulose 3-Epimerase. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12111547. [DOI: 10.3390/biom12111547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
d-Allulose is the corresponding epimer of d-fructose at the C-3 position, which exhibits a similar taste and sweetness to sucrose. As a low-calorie sweetener, d-allulose has broad application prospects in the fields of medicine, food, and so on. Currently, the production method of d-allulose is mainly the enzymatic conversion of d-fructose by d-allulose 3-epimerase (DAEase). However, the limited specific activity and thermal stability of DAEase restrict its industrial application. Herein, an ultrahigh-throughput screening assay based on the transcription factor PsiR was extensively optimized from the aspects of culture medium components, screening plasmid, and expression host, which enhanced the correction between the fluorescent readout and the enzyme activity. Then, the error-prone PCR (epPCR) library of Clostridium cellulolyticum H10 DAEase (CcDAEase) was screened through the above optimized method, and the variant I228V with improved specific activity and thermal stability was obtained. Moreover, after combining two beneficial substitutions, D281G and C289R, which were previously obtained by this optimized assay, the specific activity of the triple-mutation variant I228V/D281G/C289R reached up to 1.42-fold of the wild type (WT), while its half-life (T1/2) at 60 °C was prolonged by 62.97-fold. The results confirmed the feasibility of the optimized screening assay as a powerful tool for the directed evolution of DAEase.
Collapse
|
14
|
The Characterization of a Novel D-allulose 3-Epimerase from Blautia produca and Its Application in D-allulose Production. Foods 2022; 11:3225. [PMCID: PMC9601914 DOI: 10.3390/foods11203225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
D-allulose is a natural rare sugar with important physiological properties that is used in food, health care items, and even the pharmaceutical industry. In the current study, a novel D-allulose 3-epimerase gene (Bp-DAE) from the probiotic strain Blautia produca was discovered for the production and characterization of an enzyme known as Bp-DAE that can epimerize D-fructose into D-allulose. Bp-DAE was strictly dependent on metals (Mn2+ and Co2+), and the addition of 1 mM of Mn2+ could enhance the half-life of Bp-DAE at 55 °C from 60 to 180 min. It exhibited optimal activity in a pH of 8 and 55 °C, and the Km values of Bp-DAE for the different substrates D-fructose and D-allulose were 235.7 and 150.7 mM, respectively. Bp-DAE was used for the transformation from 500 g/L D-fructose to 150 g/L D-allulose and exhibited a 30% of conversion yield during biotransformation. Furthermore, it was possible to employ the food-grade microbial species Bacillus subtilis for the production of D-allulose using a technique of whole-cell catalysis to circumvent the laborious process of enzyme purification and to obtain a more stable biocatalyst. This method also yields a 30% conversion yield.
Collapse
|
15
|
Liu Z, Wang Y, Liu S, Guo X, Zhao T, Wu J, Chen S. Boosting the Heterologous Expression of d-Allulose 3-Epimerase in Bacillus subtilis through Protein Engineering and Catabolite-Responsive Element Box Engineering. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:12128-12134. [PMID: 36099523 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c04800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
As a natural sweetener with low calories and various physiological activities, d-allulose has drawn worldwide attention. Currently, d-allulose 3-epimerase (DAEase) is mainly used to catalyze the epimerization of d-fructose to d-allulose. Therefore, it is quite necessary to enhance the food-grade expression of DAEase to meet the surging market demand for d-allulose. In this study, initially, the promising variant H207L/D281G/C289R of Clostridium cellulolyticum H10 DAEase (CcDAEase) was generated by protein engineering, the specific activity and the T1/2 of which were 2.24-fold and 13.45-fold those of the CcDAEase wild type at 60 °C, respectively. After that, PamyE was determined as the optimal promoter for the recombinant expression of CcDAEase in Bacillus subtilis, and catabolite-responsive element (CRE) box engineering was further performed to eliminate the carbon catabolite repression (CCR) effect. Lastly, high-density fermentation was carried out and the final activity peaked at 4971.5 U mL-1, which is the highest expression level and could effectively promote the industrial production of DAEase. This research provides a theoretical basis and technical support for the molecular modification of DAEase and its efficient fermentation preparation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhanzhi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu Province, China
- School of Biotechnology and Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu Province, China
- International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yifan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu Province, China
- School of Biotechnology and Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu Province, China
- International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Shuhan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu Province, China
- School of Biotechnology and Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu Province, China
- International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xuehong Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu Province, China
- School of Biotechnology and Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu Province, China
- International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Tianlong Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu Province, China
- School of Biotechnology and Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu Province, China
- International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jing Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu Province, China
- School of Biotechnology and Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu Province, China
- International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Sheng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu Province, China
- School of Biotechnology and Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu Province, China
- International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu Province, China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Gao X, Wei C, Qi H, Li C, Lu F, Qin HM. Directional immobilization of D-allulose 3-epimerase using SpyTag/SpyCatcher strategy as a robust biocatalyst for synthesizing D-allulose. Food Chem 2022; 401:134199. [PMID: 36115227 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.134199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
D-Allulose, as low-calorie rare sugar, possessed several notable biological activities and was biosynthesized by D-allulose 3-epimerase (DAEase). Here, CcDAE from Clostridium cellulolyticum was successfully immobilization via covalent attachment (RI-CcDAE), and Resin-SpyCatcher/SpyTag-CcDAE modular (DI-CcDAE). Both immobilized CcDAEs exhibited higher thermal and pH stabilities than the free form, and they maintained 80.0 % of relative activity after 7 consecutive cycles and 25 days of storage. Predominantly, DI-CcDAE represented superior catalytic efficiency with a 2.4-fold increase of kcat/Km, compared with RI-CcDAE (0.75 s-1 mM-1 vs 0.31 s-1 mM-1). The RI-CcDAE and DI-CcDAE were then applied in mixed fruit Jiaosu to convert D-fructose into D-allulose, which exhibited the productivity of D-allulose 1.08 g/Lh-1 and 1.57 g/Lh-1, respectively. This research provided a promising directional immobilization strategy for DAEase, and robust biocatalyst for production of functional foodstuff containing D-allulose.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Gao
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology of the Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, National Engineering Laboratory for Industrial Enzymes, Tianjin 300457, PR China
| | - Cancan Wei
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology of the Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, National Engineering Laboratory for Industrial Enzymes, Tianjin 300457, PR China
| | - Hongbin Qi
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology of the Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, National Engineering Laboratory for Industrial Enzymes, Tianjin 300457, PR China
| | - Chao Li
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology of the Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, National Engineering Laboratory for Industrial Enzymes, Tianjin 300457, PR China
| | - Fuping Lu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology of the Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, National Engineering Laboratory for Industrial Enzymes, Tianjin 300457, PR China
| | - Hui-Min Qin
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology of the Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, National Engineering Laboratory for Industrial Enzymes, Tianjin 300457, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Xie X, Tian Y, Ban X, Li C, Yang H, Li Z. Crystal structure of a novel homodimeric D-allulose 3-epimerase from a Clostridia bacterium. Acta Crystallogr D Struct Biol 2022; 78:1180-1191. [DOI: 10.1107/s2059798322007707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
D-Allulose, a low-calorie rare sugar with various physiological functions, is mainly produced through the isomerization of D-fructose by ketose 3-epimerases (KEases), which exhibit various substrate specificities. A novel KEase from a Clostridia bacterium (CDAE) was identified to be a D-allulose 3-epimerase and was further characterized as thermostable and metal-dependent. In order to explore its structure–function relationship, the crystal structure of CDAE was determined using X-ray diffraction at 2.10 Å resolution, revealing a homodimeric D-allulose 3-epimerase structure with extensive interactions formed at the dimeric interface that contribute to structure stability. Structural analysis identified the structural features of CDAE, which displays a common (β/α)8-TIM barrel and an ordered Mn2+-binding architecture at the active center, which may explain the positive effects of Mn2+ on the activity and stability of CDAE. Furthermore, comparison of CDAE and other KEase structures revealed several structural differences, highlighting the remarkable differences in enzyme–substrate binding at the O4, O5 and O6 sites of the bound substrate, which are mainly induced by distinct hydrophobic pockets in the active center. The shape and hydrophobicity of this pocket appear to produce the differences in specificity and affinity for substrates among KEase family enzymes. Exploration of the crystal structure of CDAE provides a better understanding of its structure–function relationship, which might provide a basis for molecular modification of CDAE and further provides a reference for other KEases.
Collapse
|
18
|
Wen X, Ning Y, Lin H, Ren Y, Li C, Liu Y, Zhang C, Lin J, Lin J. d-Allulose (d-psicose) biotransformation from d-glucose, separation by simulated moving bed chromatography (SMBC) and purification by crystallization. Process Biochem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2022.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
19
|
Improved thermostability of D-allulose 3-epimerase from Clostridium bolteae ATCC BAA-613 by proline residue substitution. Protein Expr Purif 2022; 199:106145. [PMID: 35863720 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2022.106145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
d-allulose, a rare sugar that is scarce in nature, exerts several beneficial effects and has commercial potential. d-allulose 3-epimerase (DAEase) plays a vital role in catalyzing the isomerization from d-fructose to d-allulose. However, the industrial application of DAEase for d-allulose production is hindered by its poor long-term thermostability. In the present research, we introduced a proline residue (i) to restrict its spatial conformation and (ii) to reduce the entropy of the unfolded state of DAEase. The t1/2 value of the double-site Clostridium bolteae DAEase mutant Cb-51P/89P was prolonged to 58 min at 55 °C, a 2.32-fold increase compared with wild-type DAEase. The manipulation did not cause obvious changes in the enzymatic properties, including optimum pH, optimal temperature, optimum metal ion, and enzymatic activity. As the accumulation of multiple small effects through proline substitution could dramatically improve the thermostability of the mutant protein, our method to improve the thermostability while roughly retaining the original enzymatic properties is promising.
Collapse
|
20
|
Immobilization of D-allulose 3-epimerase into magnetic metal-organic framework nanoparticles for efficient biocatalysis. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 38:144. [PMID: 35748959 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-022-03330-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
D-allulose is a rare low-calorie sugar that has many fundamental biological functions. D-allulose 3-epimerase from Agrobacterium tumefaciens (AT-DAEase) catalyzes the conversion of D-fructose to D-allulose. The enzyme has attracted considerable attention because of its mild catalytic properties. However, the bioconversion efficiency and reusability of AT-DAEase limit its industrial application. Magnetic metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have uniform pore sizes and large surface areas and can facilitate mass transport and enhance the capacity for enzyme immobilization. Here, we successfully encapsulated cobalt-type AT-DAEase into the cobalt-based magnetic MOF ZIF-67@Fe3O4 using a self-assembly strategy. We confirmed the immobilization of enzyme AT-DAEase and characterized the enzymatic properties of the MOF-immobilized AT-DAEase@ZIF-67@Fe3O4. The AT-DAEase@ZIF-67@Fe3O4 nanoparticles had higher catalytic activity (65.1 U mg-1) and bioconversion ratio (38.1%) than the free AT-DAEase. The optimal conditions for maximum enzyme activity of the AT-DAEase@ZIF-67@Fe3O4 nanoparticles were 55 °C and pH 8.0, which were significantly higher than those of the free AT-DAEase (50 °C and pH 7.5). The AT-DAEase@ZIF-67@Fe3O4 nanoparticles displayed significantly improved thermal stability and excellent recycling performance, with 80% retention of enzyme activity at a temperature range of 45-70 °C and > 45% of its initial activity after eight cycles of enzyme use. The AT-DAEase@ZIF-67@Fe3O4 nanoparticles have great potential for large-scale industrial preparation of D-allulose by immobilizing cobalt-type AT-DAEase into magnetic MOF ZIF-67@Fe3O4.
Collapse
|
21
|
Guo Q, Liu CY, Zheng LJ, Zheng SH, Zhang YX, Zhao SY, Zheng HD, Fan LH, Lin XC. Metabolically Engineered Escherichia coli for Conversion of D-Fructose to D-Allulose via Phosphorylation-Dephosphorylation. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:947469. [PMID: 35814008 PMCID: PMC9257026 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.947469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
D-Allulose is an ultra-low calorie sweetener with broad market prospects. As an alternative to Izumoring, phosphorylation-dephosphorylation is a promising method for D-allulose synthesis due to its high conversion of substrate, which has been preliminarily attempted in enzymatic systems. However, in vitro phosphorylation-dephosphorylation requires polyphosphate as a phosphate donor and cannot completely deplete the substrate, which may limit its application in industry. Here, we designed and constructed a metabolic pathway in Escherichia coli for producing D-allulose from D-fructose via in vivo phosphorylation-dephosphorylation. PtsG-F and Mak were used to replace the fructose phosphotransferase systems (PTS) for uptake and phosphorylation of D-fructose to fructose-6-phosphate, which was then converted to D-allulose by AlsE and A6PP. The D-allulose titer reached 0.35 g/L and the yield was 0.16 g/g. Further block of the carbon flux into the Embden-Meyerhof-Parnas (EMP) pathway and introduction of an ATP regeneration system obviously improved fermentation performance, increasing the titer and yield of D-allulose to 1.23 g/L and 0.68 g/g, respectively. The E. coli cell factory cultured in M9 medium with glycerol as a carbon source achieved a D-allulose titer of ≈1.59 g/L and a yield of ≈0.72 g/g on D-fructose.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Guo
- Fujian Engineering Research Center of Advanced Manufacturing Technology for Fine Chemicals, College of Chemical Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Chen-Yang Liu
- Fujian Engineering Research Center of Advanced Manufacturing Technology for Fine Chemicals, College of Chemical Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Ling-Jie Zheng
- Fujian Engineering Research Center of Advanced Manufacturing Technology for Fine Chemicals, College of Chemical Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Shang-He Zheng
- Fujian Engineering Research Center of Advanced Manufacturing Technology for Fine Chemicals, College of Chemical Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Ya-Xing Zhang
- Fujian Engineering Research Center of Advanced Manufacturing Technology for Fine Chemicals, College of Chemical Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Su-Ying Zhao
- Fujian Engineering Research Center of Advanced Manufacturing Technology for Fine Chemicals, College of Chemical Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, China
- Qingyuan Innovation Laboratory, Quanzhou, China
| | - Hui-Dong Zheng
- Fujian Engineering Research Center of Advanced Manufacturing Technology for Fine Chemicals, College of Chemical Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, China
- Qingyuan Innovation Laboratory, Quanzhou, China
| | - Li-Hai Fan
- Fujian Engineering Research Center of Advanced Manufacturing Technology for Fine Chemicals, College of Chemical Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, China
- Qingyuan Innovation Laboratory, Quanzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Li-Hai Fan, ; Xiao-Cheng Lin,
| | - Xiao-Cheng Lin
- Fujian Engineering Research Center of Advanced Manufacturing Technology for Fine Chemicals, College of Chemical Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Li-Hai Fan, ; Xiao-Cheng Lin,
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Laksmi FA, Nirwantono R, Nuryana I, Agustriana E. Expression and characterization of thermostable D-allulose 3-epimerase from Arthrobacter psychrolactophilus (Ap DAEase) with potential catalytic activity for bioconversion of D-allulose from d-fructose. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 214:426-438. [PMID: 35750099 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.06.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 06/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
A novel D-allulose 3-epimerase (DAEase) from Arthrobacter psychrolactophilus (Ap DAEase) was first characterized in this study. The enzyme catalyzes the epimerization of d-fructose into a functional rare sugar, D-allulose. Ap DAEase was the first record of DAEase identified as a homotrimer with the molecular weight of its subunit at approximately 34 kDa. It had an optimum activity at pH 8.5 and 70 °C in the presence of 1 mM Mg2+. Ap DAEase was found to be an excellent thermostable enzyme. The half-life value at 70 °C was 128.4 min. The kcat and catalytic efficiency of the enzyme toward d-fructose were 2920.00 s-1 and 3.953 mM-1 s-1, respectively. To the best of our knowledge, Ap DAEase possesses the highest kcat among the previously reported DAEases. The conversion ratio of 500 and 100 mg L-1d-fructose to D-allulose was approximately 27 % in 15 and 90 min, respectively. These research findings suggest that Ap DAEase is a promising candidate for the industrial production of D-allulose.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fina Amreta Laksmi
- Research Center for Applied Microbiology, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Jl. Raya Bogor, Km. 46, Cibinong, Bogor Regency 16911, Indonesia.
| | - Rudi Nirwantono
- Research Center for Applied Microbiology, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Jl. Raya Bogor, Km. 46, Cibinong, Bogor Regency 16911, Indonesia; School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Chemistry Bld, 68 Cooper Rd, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Isa Nuryana
- Research Center for Applied Microbiology, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Jl. Raya Bogor, Km. 46, Cibinong, Bogor Regency 16911, Indonesia
| | - Eva Agustriana
- Research Center for Applied Microbiology, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Jl. Raya Bogor, Km. 46, Cibinong, Bogor Regency 16911, Indonesia.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Parıldı E, Kola O, Özcan BD, Akkaya MR, Dikkaya E. Recombinant D‐tagatose 3‐epimerase production and converting fructose into allulose. J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.15508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Erva Parıldı
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Engineering Adana Alparslan Türkeş Science and Technology University Sarıçam Turkey
| | - Osman Kola
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Engineering Adana Alparslan Türkeş Science and Technology University Sarıçam Turkey
| | - Bahri Devrim Özcan
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture Çukurova University Sarıçam Turkey
| | - Murat Reis Akkaya
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Engineering Adana Alparslan Türkeş Science and Technology University Sarıçam Turkey
| | - Elif Dikkaya
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture Çukurova University Sarıçam Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Jeong SH, Kwon M, Kim SW. Advanced Whole-cell Conversion for D-allulose Production Using an Engineered Corynebacterium glutamicum. BIOTECHNOL BIOPROC E 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12257-022-0057-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
|
25
|
Hu M, Wei Y, Zhang R, Shao M, Yang T, Xu M, Zhang X, Rao Z. Efficient D-allulose synthesis under acidic conditions by auto-inducing expression of the tandem D-allulose 3-epimerase genes in Bacillus subtilis. Microb Cell Fact 2022; 21:63. [PMID: 35440084 PMCID: PMC9019997 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-022-01789-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND D-allulose, a hexulose monosaccharide with low calorie content and high sweetness, is commonly used as a functional sugar in food and nutrition. However, enzyme preparation of D-allulose from D-frutose was severely hindered by the non-enzymatic browning under alkaline and high-temperature, and the unnecessary by-products further increased the difficulties in separation and extraction for industrial applications. Here, to address the above issue during the production process, a tandem D-allulose 3-epimerase (DPEases) isomerase synergistic expression strategy and an auto-inducible promoter engineering were levered in Bacillus subtilis 168 (Bs168) for efficient synthesis of D-allulose under the acidic conditions without browning. RESULTS First, based on the dicistron expression system, two DPEases with complementary functional characteristics from Dorea sp. CAG:317 (DSdpe) and Clostridium cellulolyticum H10 (RCdpe) were expressed in tandem under the promoter HpaII in one cell. A better potential strain Bs168/pMA5-DSdpe-RCdpe increases enzyme activity to 18.9 U/mL at acidic conditions (pH 6.5), much higher than 17.2 and 16.7 U/mL of Bs168/pMA5-DSdpe and Bs168/pMA5-RCdpe, respectively. Subsequently, six recombinant strains based on four constitutive promoters were constructed in variable expression cassettes for improving the expression level of protein. Among those engineered strains, Bs168/pMA5-PspoVG-DSdpe-PsrfA-RCdpe exhibited the highest enzyme activity with 480.1 U/mL on fed-batch fermentation process in a 5 L fermenter at pH 6.5, about 2.1-times higher than the 228.5 U/mL of flask fermentation. Finally, the maximum yield of D-allulose reached as high as 163.5 g/L at the fructose concentration (50% w/v) by whole-cell biocatalyst. CONCLUSION In this work, the engineered recombinant strain Bs168/pMA5-PspoVG-DSdpe-PsrfA-RCdpe was demonstrated as an effective microbial cell factory for the high-efficient synthesis of D-allulose without browning under acidic conditions. Based on the perspectives from this research, this strategy presented here also made it possible to meet the requirements of the industrial hyper-production of other rare sugars under more acidic conditions in theory.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mengkai Hu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology of the Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yuxia Wei
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology of the Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Rongzhen Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology of the Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Minglong Shao
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology of the Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Taowei Yang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology of the Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Meijuan Xu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology of the Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology of the Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Zhiming Rao
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology of the Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Yang J, Fan D, Zhao F, Lin Y, Zheng S, Han S. Characterization of D-Allulose-3-Epimerase From Ruminiclostridium papyrosolvens and Immobilization Within Metal-Organic Frameworks. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:869536. [PMID: 35497354 PMCID: PMC9047997 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.869536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
D-allulose is one sort of C-3 epimer of D-fructose with the low calorie (0.4 kcal/g) and high sweetness (70% of the relative sweetness of sucrose), which can be biosynthesized by D-allulose-3-epimerase (DAE). In this work, we report the characterization of a novel DAE from Ruminiclostridium papyrosolvens (RpDAE) by genome mining approach. The activity of RpDAE reached maximum at pH 7.5 and 60°C, supplemented with 1 mM Co2+. Using D-fructose (500 g/L) as the substrate for epimerization reaction, RpDAE produced D-allulose (149.5 g/L). In addition, RpDAE was immobilized within the microporous zeolite imidazolate framework, ZIF67, by in situ encapsulation at room temperature. The synthesized bio-composites were characterized by powder X-ray diffraction and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. RpDAE-ZIF67 maintained 56% of residual activity after five reaction cycles. This study provides helpful guidance for further engineering applications and industrial production of D-allulose.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiaming Yang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Fermentation and Enzyme Engineering, School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dexun Fan
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Fermentation and Enzyme Engineering, School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fengguang Zhao
- School of Light Industry and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ying Lin
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Fermentation and Enzyme Engineering, School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Suiping Zheng
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Fermentation and Enzyme Engineering, School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shuangyan Han
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Fermentation and Enzyme Engineering, School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Shuangyan Han,
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Feng Y, Pu Z, Zhu L, Wu M, Yang L, Yu H, Lin J. Enhancing the thermostability of D-allulose 3-epimerase from Clostridium cellulolyticum H10 via a dual-enzyme screening system. Enzyme Microb Technol 2022; 159:110054. [DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2022.110054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2022] [Revised: 04/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
|
28
|
Wen X, Lin H, Ren Y, Li C, Zhang C, Lin J, Lin J. Allitol bioproduction by recombinant Escherichia coli with NADH regeneration system co-expressing ribitol dehydrogenase (RDH) and formate dehydrogenase (FDH) in individual or in fusion. ELECTRON J BIOTECHN 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejbt.2021.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
|
29
|
Morimoto K, Suzuki T, Ikeda H, Nozaki C, Goto S. One-pot multi-step transformation of D-allose from D-fructose using a co-immobilized biocatalytic system. J GEN APPL MICROBIOL 2022; 68:1-9. [DOI: 10.2323/jgam.2021.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Morimoto
- International Institute of Rare Sugar Research and Education, Kagawa University
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Zhang W, Chen D, Chen J, Xu W, Chen Q, Wu H, Guang C, Mu W. D-allulose, a versatile rare sugar: recent biotechnological advances and challenges. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021; 63:5661-5679. [PMID: 34965808 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.2023091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
D-Allulose is the C-3 epimer of D-fructose, and widely regarded as a promising substitute for sucrose. It's an excellent low-calorie sweetener, with 70% sweetness of sucrose, 0.4 kcal/g dietary energy, and special physiological functions. It has been approved as GRAS by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration, and is allowed to be excluded from total and added sugar counts on the food labels. Therefore, D-allulose gradually attracts more public attention. Owing to scarcity in nature, the bioproduction of D-allulose by using ketose 3-epimerase (KEase) has become the research hotspot. Herein, we give a summary of the physicochemical properties, physiological function, applications, and the chemical and biochemical synthesis methods of D-allulose. In addition, the recent progress in the D-allulose bioproduction using KEases, and the possible solutions for existing challenges in the D-allulose industrial production are comprehensively discussed, focusing on the molecular modification, immobilization, food-grade expression, utilizing low-cost biomass as feedstock, overcoming thermodynamic limitation, as well as the downstream separation and purification. Finally, Prospects for further development are also proposed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenli Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ding Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jiajun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wei Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qiuming Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hao Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Cuie Guang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wanmeng Mu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
- Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Seo MJ, Kwon ER, Kim SJ, Choi MS, Kim YS, Park CS. d-Allulose Production from d-fructose by Putative Dolichol Phosphate Mannose Synthase from Bacillus sp. with Potential d-allulose 3-epimrase Activity. BIOTECHNOL BIOPROC E 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s12257-021-0007-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
|
32
|
Handling Several Sugars at a Time: a Case Study of Xyloglucan Utilization by Ruminiclostridium cellulolyticum. mBio 2021; 12:e0220621. [PMID: 34749527 PMCID: PMC8576529 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.02206-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Xyloglucan utilization by Ruminiclostridium cellulolyticum was formerly shown to imply the uptake of large xylogluco-oligosaccharides, followed by cytosolic depolymerization into glucose, galactose, xylose, and cellobiose. This raises the question of how the anaerobic bacterium manages the simultaneous presence of multiple sugars. Using genetic and biochemical approaches targeting the corresponding metabolic pathways, we observed that, surprisingly, all sugars are catabolized, collectively, but glucose consumption is prioritized. Most selected enzymes display unusual features, especially the GTP-dependent hexokinase of glycolysis, which appeared reversible and crucial for xyloglucan utilization. In contrast, mutant strains lacking either galactokinase, cellobiose-phosphorylase, or xylulokinase still catabolize xyloglucan but display variably altered growth. Furthermore, the xylogluco-oligosaccharide depolymerization process appeared connected to the downstream pathways through an intricate network of competitive and noncompetitive inhibitions. Altogether, our data indicate that xyloglucan utilization by R. cellulolyticum relies on an energy-saving central carbon metabolism deviating from current bacterial models, which efficiently prevents carbon overflow. IMPORTANCE The study of the decomposition of recalcitrant plant biomass is of great interest as the limiting step of terrestrial carbon cycle and to produce plant-derived valuable chemicals and energy. While extracellular cellulose degradation and catabolism have been studied in detail, few publications describe the complete metabolism of hemicelluloses and, to date, the published models are limited to the extracellular degradation and sequential entry of simple sugars. Here, we describe how the model anaerobic bacterium Ruminiclostridium cellulolyticum deals with the synchronous intracellular release of glucose, galactose, xylose, and cellobiose upon cytosolic depolymerization of imported xyloglucan oligosaccharides. The described novel metabolic strategy involves the simultaneous activity of different metabolic pathways coupled to a network of inhibitions controlling the carbon flux and is distinct from the ubiquitously observed sequential uptake and metabolism of carbohydrates known as the diauxic shift. Our results highlight the diversity of cellular responses related to a complex environment.
Collapse
|
33
|
Chen D, Chen J, Liu X, Guang C, Zhang W, Mu W. Biochemical identification of a hyperthermostable l-ribulose 3-epimerase from Labedella endophytica and its application for d-allulose bioconversion. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 189:214-222. [PMID: 34428486 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.08.131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Currently, low sugar and low energy have become an important trend in the food industries. Therefore, the bioconversion of the functional low-calorie rare sugars attracts more and more attention. l-Ribulose 3-epimerase (LREase) belongs to the ketose 3-epimerase (KEase) family, which could not only efficiently catalyze the reversible C-3 epimerization between l-ribulose and l-xylulose but also between d-fructose and d-allulose. In this paper, a hyperthermostable LREase from Labedella endophytica was identified and characterized. It exhibited maximum catalytic activity at pH 6.0 and 80 °C with 1 mM Ni2+. In the presence of Co2+, the t1/2 values at 60, 65, and 70 °C were 37.7, 9.0, and 4.6 h, respectively, and Tm value was 80.9 °C. From 500 g/L d-fructose, it could produce 154.2 g/L d-allulose with a conversion rate of 30.8% in 10 h. In view of its strong thermostability and high catalytic efficiency, L. endophytica LREase might be a good potential alternative for d-allulose industrial production.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ding Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Jiajun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Xiaoyong Liu
- Shandong Haizhibao Ocean Technology Co., Ltd, Weihai, Shandong 264333, China
| | - Cuie Guang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Wenli Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; Shandong Haizhibao Ocean Technology Co., Ltd, Weihai, Shandong 264333, China.
| | - Wanmeng Mu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Hu M, Li M, Jiang B, Zhang T. Bioproduction of D-allulose: Properties, applications, purification, and future perspectives. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2021; 20:6012-6026. [PMID: 34668314 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
D-allulose is the C-3 epimer of D-fructose, which rarely exists in nature, and can be biosynthesized from D-fructose by the catalysis of D-psicose 3-epimerase. D-allulose is safe for human consumption and was recently approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration for food applications. It is not only able be used in food and dietary supplements as a low-calorie sweetener, but also modulates a variety of physiological functions. D-allulose has gained increasing attention owing to its excellent properties. This article presents a review of recent progress on the properties, applications, and bioproduction progress of D-allulose.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mengying Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China
| | - Mengli Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China
| | - Bo Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China.,International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China.,International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Enhanced Thermostability of D-Psicose 3-Epimerase from Clostridium bolteae through Rational Design and Engineering of New Disulfide Bridges. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221810007. [PMID: 34576170 PMCID: PMC8464696 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221810007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
D-psicose 3-epimerase (DPEase) catalyzes the isomerization of D-fructose to D-psicose (aka D-allulose, a low-calorie sweetener), but its industrial application has been restricted by the poor thermostability of the naturally available enzymes. Computational rational design of disulfide bridges was used to select potential sites in the protein structure of DPEase from Clostridium bolteae to engineer new disulfide bridges. Three mutants were engineered successfully with new disulfide bridges in different locations, increasing their optimum catalytic temperature from 55 to 65 °C, greatly improving their thermal stability and extending their half-lives (t1/2) at 55 °C from 0.37 h to 4−4.5 h, thereby greatly enhancing their potential for industrial application. Molecular dynamics simulation and spatial configuration analysis revealed that introduction of a disulfide bridge modified the protein hydrogen–bond network, rigidified both the local and overall structures of the mutants and decreased the entropy of unfolded protein, thereby enhancing the thermostability of DPEase.
Collapse
|
36
|
Xia Y, Cheng Q, Mu W, Hu X, Sun Z, Qiu Y, Liu X, Wang Z. Research Advances of d-allulose: An Overview of Physiological Functions, Enzymatic Biotransformation Technologies, and Production Processes. Foods 2021; 10:2186. [PMID: 34574296 PMCID: PMC8467252 DOI: 10.3390/foods10092186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
d-allulose has a significant application value as a sugar substitute, not only as a food ingredient and dietary supplement, but also with various physiological functions, such as improving insulin resistance, anti-obesity, and regulating glucolipid metabolism. Over the decades, the physiological functions of d-allulose and the corresponding mechanisms have been studied deeply, and this product has been applied to various foods to enhance food quality and prolong shelf life. In recent years, biotransformation technologies for the production of d-allulose using enzymatic approaches have gained more attention. However, there are few comprehensive reviews on this topic. This review focuses on the recent research advances of d-allulose, including (1) the physiological functions of d-allulose; (2) the major enzyme families used for the biotransformation of d-allulose and their microbial origins; (3) phylogenetic and structural characterization of d-allulose 3-epimerases, and the directed evolution methods for the enzymes; (4) heterologous expression of d-allulose ketose 3-epimerases and biotransformation techniques for d-allulose; and (5) production processes for biotransformation of d-allulose based on the characterized enzymes. Furthermore, the future trends on biosynthesis and applications of d-allulose in food and health industries are discussed and evaluated in this review.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (W.M.); (Z.W.)
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (Q.C.); (Z.S.); (Y.Q.); (X.L.)
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Qianqian Cheng
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (Q.C.); (Z.S.); (Y.Q.); (X.L.)
| | - Wanmeng Mu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (W.M.); (Z.W.)
| | - Xiuyu Hu
- China Biotech Fermentation Industry Association, Beijing 100833, China;
| | - Zhen Sun
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (Q.C.); (Z.S.); (Y.Q.); (X.L.)
| | - Yangyu Qiu
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (Q.C.); (Z.S.); (Y.Q.); (X.L.)
| | - Ximing Liu
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (Q.C.); (Z.S.); (Y.Q.); (X.L.)
| | - Zhouping Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (W.M.); (Z.W.)
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (Q.C.); (Z.S.); (Y.Q.); (X.L.)
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Jia DX, Sun CY, Jin YT, Liu ZQ, Zheng YG, Li M, Wang HY, Chen DS. Properties of d-allulose 3-epimerase mined from Novibacillus thermophilus and its application to synthesis of d-allulose. Enzyme Microb Technol 2021; 148:109816. [PMID: 34116747 DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2021.109816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Xu Jia
- The National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Biomanufacturing of Chiral Chemicals, Zhejiang University of Technology, 18 Chaowang Road, Hangzhou, 310014, PR China; Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, 18 Chaowang Road, Hangzhou, 310014, PR China
| | - Chen-Yi Sun
- The National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Biomanufacturing of Chiral Chemicals, Zhejiang University of Technology, 18 Chaowang Road, Hangzhou, 310014, PR China; Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, 18 Chaowang Road, Hangzhou, 310014, PR China
| | - Yi-Ting Jin
- The National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Biomanufacturing of Chiral Chemicals, Zhejiang University of Technology, 18 Chaowang Road, Hangzhou, 310014, PR China; Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, 18 Chaowang Road, Hangzhou, 310014, PR China
| | - Zhi-Qiang Liu
- The National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Biomanufacturing of Chiral Chemicals, Zhejiang University of Technology, 18 Chaowang Road, Hangzhou, 310014, PR China; Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, 18 Chaowang Road, Hangzhou, 310014, PR China.
| | - Yu-Guo Zheng
- The National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Biomanufacturing of Chiral Chemicals, Zhejiang University of Technology, 18 Chaowang Road, Hangzhou, 310014, PR China; Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, 18 Chaowang Road, Hangzhou, 310014, PR China
| | - Mian Li
- Zhejiang Huakang Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Kaihua, 324032, PR China
| | - Hong-Yan Wang
- Zhejiang Huakang Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Kaihua, 324032, PR China
| | - De-Shui Chen
- Zhejiang Huakang Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Kaihua, 324032, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Yoshida H, Yoshihara A, Kato S, Mochizuki S, Akimitsu K, Izumori K, Kamitori S. Crystal structure of a novel homodimeric l-ribulose 3-epimerase from Methylomonus sp. FEBS Open Bio 2021; 11:1621-1637. [PMID: 33838083 PMCID: PMC8167858 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.13159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
d-Allulose has potential as a low-calorie sweetener which can suppress fat accumulation. Several enzymes capable of d-allulose production have been isolated, including d-tagatose 3-epimerases. Here, we report the isolation of a novel protein from Methylomonas sp. expected to be a putative enzyme based on sequence similarity to ketose 3-epimerase. The synthesized gene encoding the deduced ketose 3-epimerase was expressed as a recombinant enzyme in Escherichia coli, and it exhibited the highest enzymatic activity toward l-ribulose, followed by d-ribulose and d-allulose. The X-ray structure analysis of l-ribulose 3-epimerase from Methylomonas sp. (MetLRE) revealed a homodimeric enzyme, the first reported structure of dimeric l-ribulose 3-epimerase. The monomeric structure of MetLRE is similar to that of homotetrameric l-ribulose 3-epimerases, but the short C-terminal α-helix of MetLRE is unique and different from those of known l-ribulose 3 epimerases. The length of the C-terminal α-helix was thought to be involved in tetramerization and increasing stability; however, the addition of residues to MetLRE at the C terminus did not lead to tetramer formation. MetLRE is the first dimeric l-ribulose 3-epimerase identified to exhibit high relative activity toward d-allulose.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hiromi Yoshida
- Life Science Research Center and Faculty of MedicineKagawa UniversityKitaJapan,International Institute of Rare Sugar Research and EducationKagawa UniversityKitaJapan
| | - Akihide Yoshihara
- International Institute of Rare Sugar Research and EducationKagawa UniversityKitaJapan,Faculty of AgricultureKagawa UniversityKitaJapan
| | - Shiro Kato
- International Institute of Rare Sugar Research and EducationKagawa UniversityKitaJapan,Faculty of AgricultureKagawa UniversityKitaJapan
| | - Susumu Mochizuki
- International Institute of Rare Sugar Research and EducationKagawa UniversityKitaJapan,Faculty of AgricultureKagawa UniversityKitaJapan
| | - Kazuya Akimitsu
- International Institute of Rare Sugar Research and EducationKagawa UniversityKitaJapan,Faculty of AgricultureKagawa UniversityKitaJapan
| | - Ken Izumori
- International Institute of Rare Sugar Research and EducationKagawa UniversityKitaJapan,Faculty of AgricultureKagawa UniversityKitaJapan
| | - Shigehiro Kamitori
- Life Science Research Center and Faculty of MedicineKagawa UniversityKitaJapan,International Institute of Rare Sugar Research and EducationKagawa UniversityKitaJapan
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Li C, Li L, Feng Z, Guan L, Lu F, Qin HM. Two-step biosynthesis of d-allulose via a multienzyme cascade for the bioconversion of fruit juices. Food Chem 2021; 357:129746. [PMID: 33894574 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.129746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
d-Allulose, a low-calorie rare sugar with potential as sucrose substitute for diabetics, can be produced using d-allulose 3-epimerase (DAE). Here, we characterized a putative thermostable DAE from Pirellula sp. SH-Sr6A (PsDAE), with a half-life of 6 h at 60 °C. Bioconversion of 500 g/L d-fructose using immobilized PsDAE on epoxy support yielded 152.7 g/L d-allulose, which maintained 80% of the initial activity after 11 reuse cycles. A multienzyme cascade system was developed to convert sucrose to d-allulose comprising sucrose invertase, d-glucose isomerase and PsDAE. Fruit juices were treated using this system to convert the high-calorie sugars, such as sucrose, d-glucose, and d-fructose, into d-allulose. The content of d-allulose among total monosaccharides in the treated fruit juice remained between 16 and 19% during 15 reaction cycles. This study provides an efficient strategy for the development of functional fruit juices containing d-allulose for diabetics and other special consumer categories.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chao Li
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology of the Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, National Engineering Laboratory for Industrial Enzymes, Tianjin 300457, PR China
| | - Lei Li
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology of the Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, National Engineering Laboratory for Industrial Enzymes, Tianjin 300457, PR China
| | - Zhiyuan Feng
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology of the Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, National Engineering Laboratory for Industrial Enzymes, Tianjin 300457, PR China
| | - Lijun Guan
- Institute of Food Processing, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Fuping Lu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology of the Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, National Engineering Laboratory for Industrial Enzymes, Tianjin 300457, PR China.
| | - Hui-Min Qin
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology of the Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, National Engineering Laboratory for Industrial Enzymes, Tianjin 300457, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Chen J, Chen D, Ke M, Ye S, Wang X, Zhang W, Mu W. Characterization of a Recombinant D-Allulose 3-epimerase from Thermoclostridium caenicola with Potential Application in D-Allulose Production. Mol Biotechnol 2021; 63:534-543. [PMID: 33782841 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-021-00320-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, with the increasing public health awareness, low-calorie rare sugars have received more attention on a global scale. D-Allulose, the C-3 epimer of D-fructose, is a representative rare sugar. It displays high sweetness and excellent physiological functions, but only provides a caloric value of 0.4 kcal/g. D-Allulose 3-epimerase (DAEase) is indispensable in D-allulose production. In this study, a putative DAEase from Thermoclostridium caenicola was identified and characterized. The novel T. caenicola DAEase displayed maximum activity at pH 7.5 and 65 °C in the presence of 1 mM Co2+. The half-life (t1/2) at 50 °C was 13.6 h, and the melting temperature (Tm) was 62.4 °C. It was strictly metal-dependent, and the addition of Co2+ remarkably enhanced its thermostability, with a 5.4-fold increase in t1/2 value at 55 °C and 4.8 °C increase in Tm. Furthermore, DAEase displayed high relative activity (89.0%) at a weakly acidic pH 6.5 and produced 139.8 g/L D-allulose from 500 g/L D-fructose, achieving a conversion ratio of 28.0%. These findings suggest that T. caenicola DAEase is a promising biocatalyst for the production of D-allulose.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiajun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Ding Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengyu Ke
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Shengyuan Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinyu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenli Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
| | - Wanmeng Mu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.,International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Mijailovic N, Nesler A, Perazzolli M, Aït Barka E, Aziz A. Rare Sugars: Recent Advances and Their Potential Role in Sustainable Crop Protection. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26061720. [PMID: 33808719 PMCID: PMC8003523 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26061720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Rare sugars are monosaccharides with a limited availability in the nature and almost unknown biological functions. The use of industrial enzymatic and microbial processes greatly reduced their production costs, making research on these molecules more accessible. Since then, the number of studies on their medical/clinical applications grew and rare sugars emerged as potential candidates to replace conventional sugars in human nutrition thanks to their beneficial health effects. More recently, the potential use of rare sugars in agriculture was also highlighted. However, overviews and critical evaluations on this topic are missing. This review aims to provide the current knowledge about the effects of rare sugars on the organisms of the farming ecosystem, with an emphasis on their mode of action and practical use as an innovative tool for sustainable agriculture. Some rare sugars can impact the plant growth and immune responses by affecting metabolic homeostasis and the hormonal signaling pathways. These properties could be used for the development of new herbicides, plant growth regulators and resistance inducers. Other rare sugars also showed antinutritional properties on some phytopathogens and biocidal activity against some plant pests, highlighting their promising potential for the development of new sustainable pesticides. Their low risk for human health also makes them safe and ecofriendly alternatives to agrochemicals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nikola Mijailovic
- Induced Resistance and Plant Bioprotection, USC RIBP 1488, University of Reims, UFR Sciences, CEDEX 02, 51687 Reims, France; (N.M.); (E.A.B.)
- Bi-PA nv, Londerzee l1840, Belgium;
| | | | - Michele Perazzolli
- Department of Sustainable Agro-Ecosystems and Bioresources, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, 38010 San Michele all’Adige, Italy;
- Center Agriculture Food Environment (C3A), University of Trento, 38098 San Michele all’Adige, Italy
| | - Essaid Aït Barka
- Induced Resistance and Plant Bioprotection, USC RIBP 1488, University of Reims, UFR Sciences, CEDEX 02, 51687 Reims, France; (N.M.); (E.A.B.)
| | - Aziz Aziz
- Induced Resistance and Plant Bioprotection, USC RIBP 1488, University of Reims, UFR Sciences, CEDEX 02, 51687 Reims, France; (N.M.); (E.A.B.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-326-918-525
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Patel SN, Kaushal G, Singh SP. D-Allulose 3-epimerase of Bacillus sp. origin manifests profuse heat-stability and noteworthy potential of D-fructose epimerization. Microb Cell Fact 2021; 20:60. [PMID: 33663507 PMCID: PMC7934257 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-021-01550-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND D-Allulose is an ultra-low calorie sugar of multifarious health benefits, including anti-diabetic and anti-obesity potential. D-Allulose 3-epimerase family enzymes catalyze biosynthesis of D-allulose via epimerization of D-fructose. RESULTS A novel D-allulose 3-epimerase (DaeB) was cloned from a plant probiotic strain, Bacillus sp. KCTC 13219, and expressed in Bacillus subtilis cells. The purified protein exhibited substantial epimerization activity in a broad pH spectrum, 6.0-11.0. DaeB was able to catalyze D-fructose to D-allulose bioconversion at the temperature range of 35 °C to 70 °C, exhibiting at least 50 % activity. It displaced excessive heat stability, with the half-life of 25 days at 50 °C, and high turnover number (kcat 367 s- 1). The coupling of DaeB treatment and yeast fermentation of 700 g L- 1 D-fructose solution yielded approximately 200 g L- 1 D-allulose, and 214 g L- 1 ethanol. CONCLUSIONS The novel D-allulose 3-epimerase of Bacillus sp. origin discerned a high magnitude of heat stability along with exorbitant epimerization ability. This biocatalyst has enormous potential for the large-scale production of D-allulose.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Satya Narayan Patel
- Center of Innovative and Applied Bioprocessing, S.A.S. Nagar, Sector-81 (Knowledge City), 140306, Mohali, India
| | - Girija Kaushal
- Center of Innovative and Applied Bioprocessing, S.A.S. Nagar, Sector-81 (Knowledge City), 140306, Mohali, India
| | - Sudhir P Singh
- Center of Innovative and Applied Bioprocessing, S.A.S. Nagar, Sector-81 (Knowledge City), 140306, Mohali, India.
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Wang J, Sun J, Qi H, Wang L, Wang J, Li C. High production of d-psicose from d-fructose by immobilized whole recombinant Bacillus subtilis cells expressing d-psicose 3-epimerase from Agrobacterium tumefaciens. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2021; 69:364-375. [PMID: 33533517 DOI: 10.1002/bab.2115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
d-Psicose 3-epimerase (DPEase) can catalyze the isomerization of d-fructose to be rare sugar d-psicose, which has wide application prospects in the food and medical fields. In this study, the DPEase gene from Agrobacterium tumefaciens was constructed into plasmid pMA5, and was successfully expressed in the host Bacillus subtilis WB600 (B. subtilis). After optimization of the fermentation conditions, whole recombinant B. subtilis WB600/pMA5-At-DEPase(O) cells produced d-psicose from d-fructose with a conversion rate of 29.01 ± 0.19%, which could be used for the efficient synthesis of d-psicose. To further improve the whole recombinant B. subtilis application, B. subtilis cells were immobilized onto a gel bead biocatalyst by Ca-alginate. After optimization of the biotransformation conditions, the conversion rate of the immobilized biocatalyst reached 20.74 ± 0.39%, which was lower than the free cells. However, the results showed that the immobilized biocatalyst had higher thermal/pH stability and storability, and the gel beads could be recycled for at least six batches. The results showed that the amount of d-psicose generated reached 32.83 ± 2.56 g/L with the immobilized biocatalyst after six times biotransformation, whereas the free cells produced only approximately 10.44 ± 0.07 g/L. The results showed that immobilized recombinant B. subtilis cells are promising to use for the efficient synthesis of d-psicose.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jianwei Wang
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Biological Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiandong Sun
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Biological Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongqing Qi
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Biological Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Liang Wang
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Biological Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Jihui Wang
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Biological Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Cheng Li
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Biological Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Wang Y, Ravikumar Y, Zhang G, Yun J, Zhang Y, Parvez A, Qi X, Sun W. Biocatalytic Synthesis of D-Allulose Using Novel D-Tagatose 3-Epimerase From Christensenella minuta. Front Chem 2020; 8:622325. [PMID: 33363120 PMCID: PMC7758420 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2020.622325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
D-allulose, which is one of the important rare sugars, has gained significant attention in the food and pharmaceutical industries as a potential alternative to sucrose and fructose. Enzymes belonging to the D-tagatose 3-epimerase (DTEase) family can reversibly catalyze the epimerization of D-fructose at the C3 position and convert it into D-allulose by a good number of naturally occurring microorganisms. However, microbial synthesis of D-allulose is still at its immature stage in the industrial arena, mostly due to the preference of slightly acidic conditions for Izumoring reactions. Discovery of novel DTEase that works at acidic conditions is highly preferred for industrial applications. In this study, a novel DTEase, DTE-CM, capable of catalyzing D-fructose into D-allulose was applications. In this study, a novel DTEase, DTE-CM, capable of catalyzing D-fructose into D-allulose was DTE-CM on D-fructose was found to be remarkably influenced and modulated by the type of metal ions (co-factors). The DTE-CM on D-fructose was found to be remarkably influenced and modulated by the type of metal ions (co-factors). The 50°C from 0.5 to 3.5 h at a concentration of 0.1 mM. The enzyme exhibited its maximum catalytic activity on D-fructose at pH 6.0 and 50°C from 0.5 to 3.5 h at a concentration of 0.1 mM. The enzyme exhibited its maximum catalytic activity on -fructose at pH 6.0 and 50°C with a K cat /K m value of 45 mM-1min-1. The 500 g/L D-fructose, which corresponded to 30% conversion rate. With these interesting catalytic properties, this enzyme could be a promising candidate for industrial biocatalytic applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Wang
- School of Life Science, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Yuvaraj Ravikumar
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Guoyan Zhang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Junhua Yun
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Yufei Zhang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Amreesh Parvez
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Xianghui Qi
- School of Life Science, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Wenjing Sun
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Identification of a Novel Cobamide Remodeling Enzyme in the Beneficial Human Gut Bacterium Akkermansia muciniphila. mBio 2020; 11:mBio.02507-20. [PMID: 33293380 PMCID: PMC7733943 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.02507-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cobamides, comprising the vitamin B12 family of cobalt-containing cofactors, are required for metabolism in all domains of life, including most bacteria. Cobamides have structural variability in the lower ligand, and selectivity for particular cobamides has been observed in most organisms studied to date. The beneficial human gut bacterium Akkermansia muciniphila provides metabolites to other members of the gut microbiota by breaking down host mucin, but most of its other metabolic functions have not been investigated. A. muciniphila strain MucT is known to use cobamides, the vitamin B12 family of cofactors with structural diversity in the lower ligand. However, A. muciniphila MucT is unable to synthesize cobamides de novo, and the specific forms that can be used by A. muciniphila have not been examined. We found that the levels of growth of A. muciniphila MucT were nearly identical with each of seven cobamides tested, in contrast to nearly all bacteria that had been studied previously. Unexpectedly, this promiscuity is due to cobamide remodeling—the removal and replacement of the lower ligand—despite the absence of the canonical remodeling enzyme CbiZ in A. muciniphila. We identified a novel enzyme, CbiR, that is capable of initiating the remodeling process by hydrolyzing the phosphoribosyl bond in the nucleotide loop of cobamides. CbiR does not share similarity with other cobamide remodeling enzymes or B12-binding domains and is instead a member of the apurinic/apyrimidinic (AP) endonuclease 2 enzyme superfamily. We speculate that CbiR enables bacteria to repurpose cobamides that they cannot otherwise use in order to grow under cobamide-requiring conditions; this function was confirmed by heterologous expression of cbiR in Escherichia coli. Homologs of CbiR are found in over 200 microbial taxa across 22 phyla, suggesting that many bacteria may use CbiR to gain access to the diverse cobamides present in their environment.
Collapse
|
46
|
Dedania SR, Patel VK, Soni SS, Patel DH. Immobilization of Agrobacterium tumefaciens d-psicose 3-epimerase onto titanium dioxide for bioconversion of rare sugar. Enzyme Microb Technol 2020; 140:109605. [DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2020.109605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
|
47
|
Wei H, Zhang R, Wang L, Li D, Hang F, Liu J. Expression of d-psicose-3-epimerase from Clostridium bolteae and Dorea sp. and whole-cell production of d-psicose in Bacillus subtilis. ANN MICROBIOL 2020. [DOI: 10.1186/s13213-020-01548-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Purpose
d-psicose-3-epimerase (DPEase) catalyses the isomerisation of d-fructose to d-psicose, a rare sugar in nature with unique nutritional and biological functions. An effective industrial-scale method is needed for d-psicose production. Herein, the expression of a neutral and a slightly acidic pH DPEase in Bacillus subtilis was evaluated.
Methods
Two DPEase genes from Clostridium bolteae and Dorea sp. were separately expressed in B. subtilis via plasmid pSTOP1622, and an extra P43 promoter was employed to the expression cassette. The fermentation conditions of the engineered B. subtilis strains were also optimised, to facilitate both cell growth and enzyme production.
Result
The introduction of P43 promoter to the two DPEase genes increased enzyme production by about 20%. Optimisation of fermentation conditions increased DPEase production to 21.90 U/g at 55 °C and 24.01 U/g at 70 °C in B. subtilis expressing C. bolteae or Dorea sp. DPEase, equating to a 94.67% and 369.94% increase, respectively, relative to controls.
Conclusion
Enhanced DPEase production was achieved in B. subtilis expressing C. bolteae or Dorea sp. DPEase genes.
Collapse
|
48
|
Patel SN, Kaushal G, Singh SP. A Novel d-Allulose 3-Epimerase Gene from the Metagenome of a Thermal Aquatic Habitat and d-Allulose Production by Bacillus subtilis Whole-Cell Catalysis. Appl Environ Microbiol 2020; 86:e02605-19. [PMID: 31862716 PMCID: PMC7028978 DOI: 10.1128/aem.02605-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel d-allulose 3-epimerase gene (daeM) has been identified from the metagenomic resource of a hot-water reservoir. The enzyme epimerizes d-fructose into d-allulose, a functional sugar of rare abundance in nature. The metagenomic DNA fragment was cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli The purified recombinant protein (DaeM) was found to be metal dependent (Co2+ or Mn2+). It displayed the maximal levels of catalytic activity in a pH range of 6 to 11 and a temperature range of 75°C to 80°C. The enzyme exhibited remarkably high thermal stability at 60°C and 70°C, with half-life values of 9,900 and 3,240 min, respectively. To the best of our knowledge, this is the highest thermal stability demonstrated by a d-allulose 3-epimerase that has been characterized to date. The enzymatic treatment of 700 mg·ml-1 d-fructose yielded about 217 mg·ml-1 d-allulose, under optimal condition. The catalytic product was purified, and its nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra were found to be indistinguishable from those of standard d-allulose. For biomolecule production, the whole-cell catalysis procedure avoids the tedious process of extraction and purification of enzyme and also offers better biocatalyst stability. Further, it is desirable to employ safe-grade microorganisms for the biosynthesis of a product. The daeM gene was expressed intracellularly in Bacillus subtilis A whole-cell catalysis reaction performed with a reaction volume of 1 liter at 60°C yielded approximately 196 g·liter-1 d-allulose from 700 g·liter-1 d-fructose. Further, the whole recombinant cells were able to biosynthesize d-allulose in apple juice, mixed fruit juice, and honey.IMPORTANCE d-Allulose is a noncaloric sugar substitute with antidiabetes and antiobesity potential. With several characteristics of physiological significance, d-allulose has wide-ranging applications in the food and pharmacology industries. The development of a thermostable biocatalyst is an objective of mainstream research aimed at achieving industrial acceptability of the enzyme. Aquatic habitats of extreme temperatures are considered a potential metagenomic resource of heat-tolerant biocatalysts of industrial importance. The present study explored the thermal-spring metagenome of the Tattapani geothermal region, Chhattisgarh, India, discovering a novel d-allulose 3-epimerase gene, daeM, encoding an enzyme of high-level heat stability. The daeM gene was expressed in the microbial cells of a nonpathogenic and safe-grade species, B. subtilis, which was found to be capable of performing d-fructose to d-allulose interconversion via a whole-cell catalysis reaction. The results indicate that DaeM is a potential biocatalyst for commercial production of the rare sugar d-allulose. The study established that extreme environmental niches represent a genomic resource of functional sugar-related biocatalysts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Satya Narayan Patel
- Center of Innovative and Applied Bioprocessing, Punjab, India
- Department of Microbial Biotechnology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Girija Kaushal
- Center of Innovative and Applied Bioprocessing, Punjab, India
- Department of Microbial Biotechnology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Sudhir P Singh
- Center of Innovative and Applied Bioprocessing, Punjab, India
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Jiang S, Xiao W, Zhu X, Yang P, Zheng Z, Lu S, Jiang S, Zhang G, Liu J. Review on D-Allulose: In vivo Metabolism, Catalytic Mechanism, Engineering Strain Construction, Bio-Production Technology. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:26. [PMID: 32117915 PMCID: PMC7008614 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Rare sugar D-allulose as a substitute sweetener is produced through the isomerization of D-fructose by D-tagatose 3-epimerases (DTEases) or D-allulose 3-epimerases (DAEases). D-Allulose is a kind of low energy monosaccharide sugar naturally existing in some fruits in very small quantities. D-Allulose not only possesses high value as a food ingredient and dietary supplement, but also exhibits a variety of physiological functions serving as improving insulin resistance, antioxidant enhancement, and hypoglycemic controls, and so forth. Thus, D-allulose has an important development value as an alternative to high-energy sugars. This review provided a systematic analysis of D-allulose characters, application, enzymatic characteristics and molecular modification, engineered strain construction, and processing technologies. The existing problems and its proposed solutions for D-allulose production are also discussed. More importantly, a green and recycling process technology for D-allulose production is proposed for low waste formation, low energy consumption, and high sugar yield.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Suwei Jiang
- Department of Biological, Food and Environment Engineering, Hefei University, Hefei, China
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Intensive Processing of Agricultural Products, College of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China
| | - Wei Xiao
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Intensive Processing of Agricultural Products, College of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China
| | - Xingxing Zhu
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Intensive Processing of Agricultural Products, College of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China
| | - Peizhou Yang
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Intensive Processing of Agricultural Products, College of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China
| | - Zhi Zheng
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Intensive Processing of Agricultural Products, College of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China
| | - Shuhua Lu
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Intensive Processing of Agricultural Products, College of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China
| | - Shaotong Jiang
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Intensive Processing of Agricultural Products, College of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China
| | - Guochang Zhang
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
| | - Jingjing Liu
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Armetta J, Berthome R, Cros A, Pophillat C, Colombo BM, Pandi A, Grigoras I. Biosensor-based enzyme engineering approach applied to psicose biosynthesis. Synth Biol (Oxf) 2019; 4:ysz028. [PMID: 32995548 PMCID: PMC7445875 DOI: 10.1093/synbio/ysz028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Revised: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Bioproduction of chemical compounds is of great interest for modern industries, as it reduces their production costs and ecological impact. With the use of synthetic biology, metabolic engineering and enzyme engineering tools, the yield of production can be improved to reach mass production and cost-effectiveness expectations. In this study, we explore the bioproduction of D-psicose, also known as D-allulose, a rare non-toxic sugar and a sweetener present in nature in low amounts. D-psicose has interesting properties and seemingly the ability to fight against obesity and type 2 diabetes. We developed a biosensor-based enzyme screening approach as a tool for enzyme selection that we benchmarked with the Clostridium cellulolyticum D-psicose 3-epimerase for the production of D-psicose from D-fructose. For this purpose, we constructed and characterized seven psicose responsive biosensors based on previously uncharacterized transcription factors and either their predicted promoters or an engineered promoter. In order to standardize our system, we created the Universal Biosensor Chassis, a construct with a highly modular architecture that allows rapid engineering of any transcription factor-based biosensor. Among the seven biosensors, we chose the one displaying the most linear behavior and the highest increase in fluorescence fold change. Next, we generated a library of D-psicose 3-epimerase mutants by error-prone PCR and screened it using the biosensor to select gain of function enzyme mutants, thus demonstrating the framework's efficiency.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy Armetta
- iSSB, UMR8030 Génomique Métabolique, Genoscope, Institut François Jacob, CEA, CNRS, Univ Evry, Université Paris-Saclay, Genopole Campus 1, Bât. 6, 5 rue Henri Desbruères, 91030 Evry, France
| | - Rose Berthome
- iSSB, UMR8030 Génomique Métabolique, Genoscope, Institut François Jacob, CEA, CNRS, Univ Evry, Université Paris-Saclay, Genopole Campus 1, Bât. 6, 5 rue Henri Desbruères, 91030 Evry, France
| | - Antonin Cros
- iSSB, UMR8030 Génomique Métabolique, Genoscope, Institut François Jacob, CEA, CNRS, Univ Evry, Université Paris-Saclay, Genopole Campus 1, Bât. 6, 5 rue Henri Desbruères, 91030 Evry, France
| | - Celine Pophillat
- iSSB, UMR8030 Génomique Métabolique, Genoscope, Institut François Jacob, CEA, CNRS, Univ Evry, Université Paris-Saclay, Genopole Campus 1, Bât. 6, 5 rue Henri Desbruères, 91030 Evry, France
| | - Bruno Maria Colombo
- iSSB, UMR8030 Génomique Métabolique, Genoscope, Institut François Jacob, CEA, CNRS, Univ Evry, Université Paris-Saclay, Genopole Campus 1, Bât. 6, 5 rue Henri Desbruères, 91030 Evry, France
| | - Amir Pandi
- Micalis Institute, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Ioana Grigoras
- iSSB, UMR8030 Génomique Métabolique, Genoscope, Institut François Jacob, CEA, CNRS, Univ Evry, Université Paris-Saclay, Genopole Campus 1, Bât. 6, 5 rue Henri Desbruères, 91030 Evry, France
| |
Collapse
|