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Wu Q, Munschy C, Bodin N, Vetter W. Persistent and Bioaccumulative Halogenated Natural Products in Various Tropical Reef Fish Species from the Seychelles, Western Indian Ocean. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:15643-15652. [PMID: 38967173 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.4c03503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
Gas chromatography with electron capture negative ion mass spectrometry (GC/ECNI-MS) was used to quantify and compare halogenated natural products (HNPs) and selected anthropogenic persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in individual samples of 17 fish species from the Seychelles (Western Indian Ocean). The sum-HNP amounts (9.5-1100 ng/g lipid mass (lm)) were between 1 and 2 orders of magnitude higher than those of the sum of seven abundant polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) congeners (0.2-15 ng/g lm) and dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane-related compounds (DDTs) (<1.1-43 ng/g lm). Within the group of HNPs, the two tetrabrominated phenoxyanisoles (aka methoxylated diphenyl ethers, MeO-BDEs), 2'-MeO-BDE 68 ≫ 6-MeO-BDE 47, were predominant in most cases. Pearson correlation analysis showed that MeO-BDE levels were positively correlated with less abundant HNPs (2,2'-diMeO-BB 80, 2',6-diMeO-BDE 68, and Br6-DBP) (p < 0.01). Accordingly, HNPs, rather than PCBs and DDTs, were the predominant polyhalogenated contaminants in the current species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Wu
- State Key Lab of Marine Food Processing & Safety Control, National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, School of Food Science and Technology, Academy of Food Interdisciplinary Science, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, PR China
- University of Hohenheim, Institute of Food Chemistry (170b), Garbenstraße 28, Stuttgart 70599, Germany
| | - Catherine Munschy
- Ifremer, CCEM Contamination Chimique des Ecosystèmes Marins, Rue de l'Île d'Yeu, BP 21105 Cedex 3, Nantes 44311, France
| | - Nathalie Bodin
- SFA (Seychelles Fishing Authority), Fishing Port, P.O. Box 449, Victoria, Mahé, Seychelles
- IRD (French Research Institute for Sustainable Development), Fishing Port, P.O. Box 449, Victoria, Mahé, Seychelles
- SOS (Sustainable Ocean Seychelles), BeauBelle, P.O. Box 999, Mahé, Seychelles
| | - Walter Vetter
- University of Hohenheim, Institute of Food Chemistry (170b), Garbenstraße 28, Stuttgart 70599, Germany
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2
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Lee S, Yoon SJ, Oh JH, Ryu JS, Park Y, Hwang ES. MPoMA protects against lung epithelial cell injury via p65 degradation. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 175:116674. [PMID: 38703509 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Revised: 04/20/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Numerous cases of lung injury caused by viral infection were reported during the coronavirus disease-19 pandemic. While there have been significant efforts to develop drugs that block viral infection and spread, the development of drugs to reduce or reverse lung injury has been a lower priority. This study aimed to identify compounds from a library of compounds that prevent viral infection that could reduce and prevent lung epithelial cell damage. We investigated the cytotoxicity of the compounds, their activity in inhibiting viral spike protein binding to cells, and their activity in reducing IL-8 production in lung epithelial cells damaged by amodiaquine (AQ). We identified N-(4-(4-methoxyphenoxy)-3-methylphenyl)-N-methylacetamide (MPoMA) as a non-cytotoxic inhibitor against viral infection and AQ-induced cell damage. MPoMA inhibited the expression of IL-8, IL-6, IL-1β, and fibronectin induced by AQ and protected against AQ-induced morphological changes. However, MPoMA did not affect basal IL-8 expression in lung epithelial cells in the absence of AQ. Further mechanistic analysis confirmed that MPoMA selectively promoted the proteasomal degradation of inflammatory mediator p65, thereby reducing intracellular p65 expression and p65-mediated inflammatory responses. MPoMA exerted potent anti-inflammatory and protective functions in epithelial cells against LPS-induced acute lung injury in vivo. These findings suggest that MPoMA may have beneficial effects in suppressing viral infection and preventing lung epithelial cell damage through the degradation of p65 and inhibition of the production of inflammatory cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soheun Lee
- College of Pharmacy and Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Suh Jin Yoon
- College of Pharmacy and Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hyun Oh
- College of Pharmacy and Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Sang Ryu
- College of Pharmacy and Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Yunjeong Park
- College of Pharmacy and Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea.
| | - Eun Sook Hwang
- College of Pharmacy and Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea.
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3
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Yueqi A, Qiufeng R, Li W, Xuezhen Z, Shanbai X. Comparison of volatile aroma compounds in commercial surimi and their products from freshwater fish and marine fish and aroma fingerprints establishment based on metabolomics analysis methods. Food Chem 2024; 433:137308. [PMID: 37683479 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.137308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the differences in odors of freshwater and marine fish surimi and their products is important for the quality control of surimi products. Aroma compounds in silver carp surimi and three kinds of marine fish surimi and their products were identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry/olfactometry, and aroma fingerprints of them were established based on metabolomics analysis methods. Silver carp surimi and surimi products showed the highest "fresh fish" and "grassy, earthy" notes, while the marine fish surimi and their products presented a strong "sea breeze-like" odor. Five Br-containing compounds (sea breeze-like) were identified in the marine fish samples. The aroma fingerprints showed that the odor compositions of freshwater and marine surimi/surimi products were divided into two categories, and the marine fish surimi and their products also showed differences in odors. Furthermore, four commercial surimi and their products could be distinguished according to 33 and 28 differential aroma components, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- An Yueqi
- Engineering Research Center of Green Development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, Hubei Province 430070, PR China; College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei Province 430070, PR China
| | - Ruan Qiufeng
- College of Food Science and Technology/National R&D Branch Center for Conventional Freshwater Fish Processing (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei Province 430070, PR China
| | - Wenrong Li
- College of Food Science and Technology/National R&D Branch Center for Conventional Freshwater Fish Processing (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei Province 430070, PR China
| | - Zhang Xuezhen
- Engineering Research Center of Green Development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, Hubei Province 430070, PR China; College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei Province 430070, PR China
| | - Xiong Shanbai
- College of Food Science and Technology/National R&D Branch Center for Conventional Freshwater Fish Processing (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei Province 430070, PR China; Engineering Research Center of Green Development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, Hubei Province 430070, PR China.
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Zhang Y, Li Y, Li S, Huang H, Chen Y, Wang X. A Review of Hydroxylated and Methoxylated Brominated Diphenyl Ethers in Marine Environments. TOXICS 2022; 10:toxics10120751. [PMID: 36548584 PMCID: PMC9781326 DOI: 10.3390/toxics10120751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Hydroxylated polybrominated diphenyl ethers (OH-PBDEs) and methoxylated polybrominated diphenyl ethers (MeO-PBDEs) are present in the marine environment worldwide. Both OH-PBDEs and MeO-PBDEs are known natural products, whereas OH-PBDEs may also be metabolites of PBDEs. There is growing concern regarding OH-PBDEs as these compounds seem to be biological active than PBDEs. In the present study, we reviewed the available data on the contamination of OH/MeO-PBDEs in the marine environment worldwide, including seawater, marine sediment, marine plants, invertebrates, fish, seabirds and mammals. Bioaccumulation and biomagnification of OH/MeO-PBDEs in the marine food web were summarized as well. This study also proposes the future research of OH/MeO-PBDEs, including the production and the synthesis pathway of OH/MeO-PBDEs, the toxicokinetics of OH/MeO-PBDEs and the toxicology and human exposure risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhang
- Eco-Environmental Monitoring and Research Center, Pearl River Valley and South China Sea Ecology and Environment Administration, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Guangzhou 510611, China
| | - Yi Li
- Eco-Environmental Monitoring and Research Center, Pearl River Valley and South China Sea Ecology and Environment Administration, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Guangzhou 510611, China
| | - Sijia Li
- Eco-Environmental Monitoring and Research Center, Pearl River Valley and South China Sea Ecology and Environment Administration, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Guangzhou 510611, China
| | - He Huang
- Eco-Environmental Monitoring and Research Center, Pearl River Valley and South China Sea Ecology and Environment Administration, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Guangzhou 510611, China
| | - Yezi Chen
- Eco-Environmental Monitoring and Research Center, Pearl River Valley and South China Sea Ecology and Environment Administration, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Guangzhou 510611, China
| | - Xutao Wang
- Eco-Environmental Monitoring and Research Center, Pearl River Valley and South China Sea Ecology and Environment Administration, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Guangzhou 510611, China
- School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai 519000, China
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5
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Singh KS, Singh A. Chemical diversities, biological activities and chemical synthesis of marine diphenyl ether and their derivatives. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.133302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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6
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Belova L, Fujii Y, Cleys P, Śmiełowska M, Haraguchi K, Covaci A. Identification of novel halogenated naturally occurring compounds in marine biota by high-resolution mass spectrometry and combined screening approaches. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 289:117933. [PMID: 34426206 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.117933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Marine animals, plants or bacteria are a source of bioactive naturally-occurring halogenated compounds (NHCs) such as bromophenols (BPs), bromoanisoles (BAs) and hydroxylated or methoxylated analogues of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (HO-PBDEs, MeO-PBDEs) and bromobiphenyls (HO-BBs, MeO-BBs). This study applied a comprehensive screening approach using liquid chromatography high-resolution mass spectrometry and combining target, suspect and non-target screening with the aim to identify new hydroxylated NHCs which might be missed by commonly applied gas chromatographic methods. 24 alga samples, 4 sea sponge samples and 7 samples of other invertebrates were screened. Target screening was based on 19 available reference standards of BPs, (di)OH-BDEs and diOH-BBs and yielded seven unequivocally identified compounds. 6-OH-BDE47 was the most frequently detected compound with a detection frequency of 31%. Suspect screening yielded two additional compounds identified in alga samples as well as 17 and 8 compounds identified in sea sponge samples of Lamellodysidea sp. and Callyspongia sp., respectively. The suspect screening results presented here confirmed the findings of previous studies conducted on sea sponge samples of Lamellodysidea sp. and Callyspongia sp. Additionally, in Lamellodysidea sp. and Callyspongia sp. 13 and 4 newly identified NHCs are reported including heptabrominated diOH-BDE, monochlorinated pentabrominated diOH-BDE, hexabrominated OH-MeO-BDE and others. Non-target screening allowed the identification of 31 and 20 polyhalogenated compounds in Lamellodysidea sp. and Callyspongia sp. samples, respectively. Based on the obtained fragmentation spectra, polybrominated dihydroxylated diphenoxybenzenes (diOH-PBDPBs), such as hepta-, octa- and nonabrominated diOH-BDPBs, could be identified in both species. To our knowledge, this study is the first report on the environmental presence of OH-PBDPBs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lidia Belova
- Toxicological Centre, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Yukiko Fujii
- Toxicological Centre, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610, Wilrijk, Belgium; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Daiichi University of Pharmacy, Tamagawamachi 22-1, Minamiku, 815-8511, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Paulien Cleys
- Toxicological Centre, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Monika Śmiełowska
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, 80-233, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Koichi Haraguchi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Daiichi University of Pharmacy, Tamagawamachi 22-1, Minamiku, 815-8511, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Adrian Covaci
- Toxicological Centre, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610, Wilrijk, Belgium.
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Wu Q, Eisenhardt N, Holbert SS, Pawlik JR, Kucklick JR, Vetter W. Naturally occurring organobromine compounds (OBCs) including polybrominated dibenzo-p-dioxins in the marine sponge Hyrtios proteus from The Bahamas. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2021; 172:112872. [PMID: 34454388 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2021.112872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Halogenated natural products (HNPs) were identified from organic extracts of the marine sponge Hyrtios proteus from The Bahamas using gas chromatography with electron capture negative ion mass spectrometry and non-targeted gas chromatography with electron ionization mass spectrometry. The HNPs found have similar properties to anthropogenic persistent organic pollutants (POPs). Two ortho-methoxy brominated diphenyl ethers (MeO-BDEs) 2'-MeO-BDE 68 and 6-MeO-BDE 47 were the most abundant compounds. Fourteen other MeO-BDEs were detected along with several polybrominated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PBDDs) (1,3,7-triBDD, 1,3,6,8-tetraBDD and 1,3,7,9-tetraBDD) and MeO-PBDDs. Further analysis of a higher trophic level octopus (Octopus maya) from the same FAO fishing area showed that the major HNPs detected in Hyrtios proteus were also predominant. Moreover, HNPs were more than 30-fold higher in abundance than the major POPs in the octopus, i.e., polychlorinated biphenyls. Hence, Caribbean marine organisms, including those potentially used for food, harbor relatively high concentrations of HNPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Wu
- University of Hohenheim, Institute of Food Chemistry, Garbenstrasse 28, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Natalie Eisenhardt
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Chemical Sciences Division, 331 Fort Johnson Road, Charleston, SC 29412, United States
| | - Stephanie Shaw Holbert
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Chemical Sciences Division, 331 Fort Johnson Road, Charleston, SC 29412, United States; College of Charleston, Department of Biology, Grice Marine Laboratory, Charleston, SC 29412, United States
| | - Joseph R Pawlik
- University of North Carolina Wilmington, Center of Marine Science, 500 Marvin K Moss Lane, Wilmington, NC 28409, United States
| | - John R Kucklick
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Chemical Sciences Division, 331 Fort Johnson Road, Charleston, SC 29412, United States
| | - Walter Vetter
- University of Hohenheim, Institute of Food Chemistry, Garbenstrasse 28, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany.
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8
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Sanganyado E, Chingono KE, Gwenzi W, Chaukura N, Liu W. Organic pollutants in deep sea: Occurrence, fate, and ecological implications. WATER RESEARCH 2021; 205:117658. [PMID: 34563929 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2021.117658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 09/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The deep sea - an oceanic layer below 200 m depths - has important global biogeochemical and nutrient cycling functions. It also receives organic pollutants from anthropogenic sources, which threatens the ecological function of the deep sea. In this Review, critically examined data on the distribution of organic pollutants in the deep sea to outline the role of biogeochemical and geophysical factors on the global distribution and regional chemodynamics of organic pollutants in the deep sea. We found that the contribution of deep water formation to the influx of perfluorinated compounds reached a maximum, following peak emission, faster in young deep waters (< 10 years) compared to older deep waters (> 100 years). For example, perfluorinated compounds had low concentrations (< 10 pg L-1) and vertical variations in the South Pacific Ocean where the ocean currents are old (< 1000 years). Steep geomorphologies of submarine canyons, ridges, and valleys facilitated the transport of sediments and associated organic pollutants by oceanic currents from the continental shelf to remote deep seas. In addition, we found that, even though an estimated 1.2-4.2 million metric tons of plastic debris enter the ocean through riverine discharge annually, the role of microplastics as vectors of organic pollutants (e.g., plastic monomers, additives, and attached organic pollutants) in the deep sea is often overlooked. Finally, we recommend assessing the biological effects of organic pollutants in deep sea biota, large-scale monitoring of organic pollutants, reconstructing historical emissions using sediment cores, and assessing the impact of deep-sea mining on the ecosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edmond Sanganyado
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Institute of Marine Science, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong 515063, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou 511458, China.
| | | | - Willis Gwenzi
- Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Engineering, Biosystems and Environmental Engineering Research Group, University of Zimbabwe, Harare, Zimbabwe
| | - Nhamo Chaukura
- Department of Physical and Earth Sciences, Sol Plaatje University, Kimberley, South Africa
| | - Wenhua Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Institute of Marine Science, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong 515063, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou 511458, China
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9
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Cui J, Yu Z, Mi M, He L, Sha Z, Yao P, Fang J, Sun W. Occurrence of Halogenated Organic Pollutants in Hadal Trenches of the Western Pacific Ocean. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2020; 54:15821-15828. [PMID: 33211967 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c04995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The hadal trenches are the most remote and inaccessible habitats on earth and were once believed to be pristine. A recent study has reported the detection of high levels of persistent organic pollutants (POPs), including polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), in endemic amphipods from two hadal trenches (Mariana and Kermadec) in the Western Pacific, implicating that the trenches are indeed polluted. However, a fundamental question remains unanswered, if and to what extent such the physical environment of the trenches is polluted by POPs. In this study, we sampled Mariana, Mussau, and New Britain trenches and analyzed samples of amphipods, sediment, and suspended particulate matter (SPM). Our results show that the amphipods contained elevated levels of PCBs and PBDEs, comparable to those reported in the earlier study. We also detected significantly high concentrations (up to 1343 ng g-1 lw) of chlorinated pesticides, such as dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethanes and chlordanes. Furthermore, four brominated natural products (BNPs), which structurally resembled methoxylated brominated diphenyl ethers or polybrominated biphenyls, were identified in the endemic amphipods. However, neither POPs nor BNPs were detected in sediments or SPM. Taken together, we propose that the POPs detected in endemic amphipods likely resulted from bioaccumulation by feeding on polluted large detritus (e.g., carrion) falling to the trench bottoms from the surface ocean.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juntao Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhiqiang Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Mei Mi
- Key Laboratory of Mineralogy and Metallogeny, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Lisheng He
- Institute of Deep-sea Science and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Sanya 572000, China
| | - Zhongli Sha
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Geology and Environment, Center of Deep Sea Research, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Peng Yao
- Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Jiasong Fang
- Laboratory for Marine Mineral Resources, Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266071, China
- Hadal Science and Technology Research Center, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
- College of Natural and Computational Sciences, Hawaii Pacific University, Honolulu, Hawaii 96813, United States
| | - Weidong Sun
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Geology and Environment, Center of Deep Sea Research, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
- Laboratory for Marine Mineral Resources, Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266071, China
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Bidleman TF, Andersson A, Haglund P, Tysklind M. Will Climate Change Influence Production and Environmental Pathways of Halogenated Natural Products? ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2020; 54:6468-6485. [PMID: 32364720 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.9b07709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Thousands of halogenated natural products (HNPs) pervade the terrestrial and marine environment. HNPs are generated by biotic and abiotic processes and range in complexity from low molecular mass natural halocarbons (nHCs, mostly halomethanes and haloethanes) to compounds of higher molecular mass which often contain oxygen and/or nitrogen atoms in addition to halogens (hHNPs). nHCs have a key role in regulating tropospheric and stratospheric ozone, while some hHNPs bioaccumulate and have toxic properties similar those of anthropogenic-persistent organic pollutants (POPs). Both chemical classes have common sources: biosynthesis by marine bacteria, phytoplankton, macroalgae, and some invertebrate animals, and both may be similarly impacted by alteration of production and transport pathways in a changing climate. The nHCs scientific community is advanced in investigating sources, atmospheric and oceanic transport, and forecasting climate change impacts through modeling. By contrast, these activities are nascent or nonexistent for hHNPs. The goals of this paper are to (1) review production, sources, distribution, and transport pathways of nHCs and hHNPs through water and air, pointing out areas of commonality, (2) by analogy to nHCs, argue that climate change may alter these factors for hHNPs, and (3) suggest steps to improve linkage between nHCs and hHNPs science to better understand and predict climate change impacts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terry F Bidleman
- Department of Chemistry, Umeå University (UmU), SE-901 87 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Agneta Andersson
- Department of Ecology & Environmental Science, UmU, SE-901 87 Umeå, Sweden
- Umeå Marine Sciences Centre, UmU, SE-905 71 Hörnefors, Sweden
| | - Peter Haglund
- Department of Chemistry, Umeå University (UmU), SE-901 87 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Mats Tysklind
- Department of Chemistry, Umeå University (UmU), SE-901 87 Umeå, Sweden
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11
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Zhang M, Guo W, Wei J, Shi J, Zhang J, Ge H, Tao H, Liu X, Hu Q, Cai Z. Determination of newly synthesized dihydroxylated polybrominated diphenyl ethers in sea fish by gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 240:124878. [PMID: 31563719 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.124878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Revised: 09/14/2019] [Accepted: 09/14/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Dihydroxylated polybrominated diphenyl ethers (diOH-PBDEs) can be natural products of marine organisms or the metabolites of PBDEs. The optimal determination method and concentration of diOH-PBDEs in seafood are unknown due to a lack of commercially available standards. In the present study, diOH-PBDEs were synthesized, and an efficient measurement method for OH-PBDEs and diOH-PBDEs in sea fish muscle samples, including extraction, clean-up and gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS) analysis, was established. Pressurized liquid extraction (PLE) followed by partitioning with a KOH solution and florisil cartridge clean-up proved to be a reliable and robust method for detecting all OH-PBDEs/diOH-PBDEs. GC-MS/MS with an electron ionization (EI) source analysis was a sensitive analytical instrument for OH-PBDEs/diOH-PBDEs. The recovery using this method ranged from 19% to 101%, 28%-88% and 42%-90% for 10 ng, 20 ng and 40 ng spiking levels, respectively. The equipment detection limits (EDLs) were in the range of 0.31-2.78 pg/μL, and the limits of detection (LOD) for the method were in the range of 5.07-38.74 pg/g wet weight. Concentrations of diOH-PBDEs in the marine fish muscle samples were in the range of 32.43-1528.63 pg/g wet weight. Similar compositions of OH-PBDEs/diOH-PBDEs were found within the same family of marine fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengtao Zhang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Integrated Surface Water-Groundwater Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China; China State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis, Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Wei Guo
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Integrated Surface Water-Groundwater Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Juntong Wei
- China State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis, Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jianghong Shi
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Integrated Surface Water-Groundwater Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
| | - Jiawei Zhang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Integrated Surface Water-Groundwater Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Hui Ge
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Integrated Surface Water-Groundwater Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Huanyu Tao
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Integrated Surface Water-Groundwater Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Xiaowei Liu
- Hefei University of Technology (Xuancheng Campus) Xuancheng, China
| | - Qing Hu
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Integrated Surface Water-Groundwater Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Zongwei Cai
- China State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis, Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China.
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12
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Utkina NK, Likhatskaya GN, Balabanova LA, Bakunina IY. Sponge-derived polybrominated diphenyl ethers and dibenzo-p-dioxins, irreversible inhibitors of the bacterial α-d-galactosidase. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE. PROCESSES & IMPACTS 2019; 21:1754-1763. [PMID: 31532404 DOI: 10.1039/c9em00301k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
An integrated in vitro and in silico approach was applied to evaluate the potency of hydroxylated polybrominated diphenyl ethers (OH-PBDEs) and spongiadioxins (OH-PBDDs) isolated from Dysidea sponges on the activity of the recombinant α-d-galactosidase of the GH36 family. It was revealed for the first time that all compounds rapidly and apparently irreversibly inhibited the bacterial α-d-galactosidase. The structure-activity relationship study in the series of OH-PBDEs showed that the presence of an additional hydroxyl group in 5 significantly enhanced the potency (IC50 4.26 μM); the increase of bromination in compounds from 1 to 3 increased their potency (IC50 41.8, 36.0, and 16.0 μM, respectively); the presence of a methoxy group decreased the potency (4, IC50 60.5 μM). Spongiadioxins 6, 7, and 8 (IC50 16.6, 33.1, and 28.6 μM, respectively) exhibited inhibitory action comparable to that of monohydroxylated diphenyl ethers 1-3. Docking analysis revealed that all compounds bind in a pocket close to the catalytic amino acid residues. Molecular docking detected significant compound-enzyme interactions in the binding sites of α-d-galactosidase. Superimposition of the enzyme-substrate and the enzyme-inhibitor complexes showed that their binding sites overlap.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia K Utkina
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok 690022, Russian Federation.
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13
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Fujii Y, Kato Y, Kozai M, Matsuishi T, Harada KH, Koizumi A, Kimura O, Endo T, Haraguchi K. Different profiles of naturally produced and anthropogenic organohalogens in the livers of cetaceans from the Sea of Japan and the North Pacific Ocean. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2018; 136:230-242. [PMID: 30509803 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2018.08.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2017] [Revised: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 08/23/2018] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Levels and profiles of naturally produced halogenated bipyrroles (Br4Cl2-DBP and Cl7-MBP), methoxylated tetrabromodiphenyl ethers (6-MeO-BDE47), anthropogenic perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) and legacy persistent organic pollutants (POPs) were investigated in the livers of 14 cetaceans from the Sea of Japan and the North Pacific Ocean. The concentrations of Br4Cl2-DBP (4 to 4900 ng/g-wet), Cl7-MBP (16 to 3960 ng/g-wet) and 6-MeO-BDE47 (7 to 190 ng/g-wet) were higher in the order of killer whales > toothed whales > baleen whales. Profiles of PFASs were dominated by perfluoroundecanoic and perfluorotridecanoic acids (10 to 540 ng/g-wet), sum of which accounted for 70% of total measured PFASs. Regional difference was observed for Cl7-MBP and PFASs, which were higher in the Sea of Japan, whereas Br4Cl2-DBP was in the North Pacific Ocean. Specific accumulation pattern of these natural contaminants in cetaceans around northern Japan could help compare the exposure profile of PFASs and POPs among other geographic regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukiko Fujii
- Daiichi University of Pharmacy, 22-1 Tamagawa-cho, Minami-ku, Fukuoka 815-8511, Japan
| | - Yoshihisa Kato
- Kagawa School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, 1314-1, Sanuki, Kagawa 769-2193, Japan
| | - Mai Kozai
- Kagawa School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, 1314-1, Sanuki, Kagawa 769-2193, Japan
| | - Takashi Matsuishi
- Faculty of Fisheries Sciences, Hokkaido University, 3-1-1, Minato-cho, Hakodate, Hokkaido 041-8611, Japan
| | - Kouji H Harada
- Department of Health and Environmental Sciences, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Yoshida Konoe, Sakyo, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Akio Koizumi
- Department of Health and Environmental Sciences, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Yoshida Konoe, Sakyo, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Osamu Kimura
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, 1757 Kanazawa, Ishikari-Tobetsu, Hokkaido 061-0293, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Endo
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, 1757 Kanazawa, Ishikari-Tobetsu, Hokkaido 061-0293, Japan
| | - Koichi Haraguchi
- Daiichi University of Pharmacy, 22-1 Tamagawa-cho, Minami-ku, Fukuoka 815-8511, Japan.
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14
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Kim UJ, Oh JE. Mass-flow-based removal and transformation potentials for TBBPA, HBCDs and PBDEs during wastewater treatment processes. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2018; 355:82-88. [PMID: 29775881 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2018.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2017] [Revised: 03/02/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
At a sewage treatment plant, 27 polybrominated diphenyl ethers, 17 methoxylated brominated diphenyl ethers, nine hydroxylated brominated diphenyl ethers, three hexabromocyclododecane diastereomers, and tetrabromobisphenol A were monitored at five major treatment stages (the influent, primary settlement stage, biological reaction stage, secondary settlement stage, and the UV irradiation disinfection stage). Hexabromocyclododecanes were the dominant chemicals, contributing 40% of the total concentrations of the chemicals in the dissolved phase of the sewage. Brominated flame retardant mass flow in the wastewater was lower after than before the biological reaction stage, and more than 70% of the inflowing mass load was removed from the mainstream wastewater by becoming associated with the sludge. More than half of mass loads of parent brominated flame retardants in the wastewater were removed after the treatments, but up to 10% of the initial mass loads remained in the final effluent and was expected to be released into the aquatic environment. The hydroxylated and methoxylated brominated diphenyl ether concentrations decreased by <25%, much less than the polybrominated diphenyl ethers. It is possible that hydroxylated and methoxylated polybrominated diphenyl ethers formed through the transformation of polybrominated diphenyl ethers during the biological reactions of treatment processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Un-Jung Kim
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Pusan National University, 2, Busandaehak-ro 63beon-gil, Geumjeong-gu, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Eun Oh
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Pusan National University, 2, Busandaehak-ro 63beon-gil, Geumjeong-gu, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea.
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15
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Dufour P, Pirard C, Charlier C. Determination of phenolic organohalogens in human serum from a Belgian population and assessment of parameters affecting the human contamination. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2017; 599-600:1856-1866. [PMID: 28545212 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.05.157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2017] [Revised: 05/03/2017] [Accepted: 05/17/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Many in vitro or in vivo studies highlighted the potential deleterious effects of phenolic organohalogenated compounds (POHs) on the health, particularly on the thyroid system homeostasis, however few large scale human epidemiological studies have been carried out, especially in Europe. Further studies monitoring the human contamination by POHs, the sources of exposure and the influence of these compounds on thyroid health are still needed. Therefore we determined the concentrations of 16 POHs (pentachlorophenol (PCP), tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA), 4 bromophenols (BPs), 3 hydroxy-polybromodiphenylethers (OH-PBDEs) and 7 hydroxy-polychlorobiphenyls (OH-PCBs)) in serum from 274 people aged from 18 to 76years old living in Liege (Belgium) and the surrounding area. A questionnaire about their alimentary habits, life style and home environment was also administered to the volunteers. The predominant compound measured in the population was PCP (median concentration of 593.0pgmL-1). 4-OH-CB 107, 4-OH-CB 146 and 4-OH-CB 187 were detected in all samples and contributed for 75% of the sum of OH-PCBs (ΣOH-PCBs). The median measured in our population for ΣOH-PCBs was 143.7pgmL-1. TBBPA and 2,4,6-tribromophenol were detected in 31% and 63.8% of the samples respectively while the detection frequency observed for the other BPs and the OH-PBDEs was close to zero. We computed multivariate regression models in order to assess the influence of demographic and lifestyle parameters on the PCP and ΣOH-PCBs contamination levels. Significant correlation was found between the PCP concentration and sex, smoker status, sea fish consumption and level of education, although the model seemed to be a poor (R2=0.14) predictor of the PCP concentration. The model computed for ΣOH-PCBs was more explanatory (R2=0.61) and involved age, BMI and sea fish consumption. Finally, we assessed the parameters affecting the ΣOH-PCBs/ΣPCBs ratio. The model proposed involved age, BMI, smoker status and parent PCB level, and explained 41% of the variability of the ΣOH-PCBs/ΣPCBs ratio.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrice Dufour
- Laboratory of Clinical, Forensic and Environmental Toxicology, University of Liege (ULg) CHU (B35), 4000, Liege, Belgium; Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Medicines (C.I.R.M.), University of Liege (ULg) CHU (B35), 4000, Liege, Belgium.
| | - Catherine Pirard
- Laboratory of Clinical, Forensic and Environmental Toxicology, University of Liege (ULg) CHU (B35), 4000, Liege, Belgium; Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Medicines (C.I.R.M.), University of Liege (ULg) CHU (B35), 4000, Liege, Belgium
| | - Corinne Charlier
- Laboratory of Clinical, Forensic and Environmental Toxicology, University of Liege (ULg) CHU (B35), 4000, Liege, Belgium; Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Medicines (C.I.R.M.), University of Liege (ULg) CHU (B35), 4000, Liege, Belgium
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16
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Uptake and biotransformation of 2,2',4,4'-tetrabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-47) in four marine microalgae species. Sci Rep 2017; 7:44263. [PMID: 28287149 PMCID: PMC5347160 DOI: 10.1038/srep44263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2016] [Accepted: 02/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydroxylated- and methoxylated- polybrominated diphenyl ethers (OH-PBDEs and MeO-PBDEs) are more toxic than PBDEs and occur widely in the marine environment, and yet their origins remain controversial. In this study, four species of microalgae (Isochrysis galbana, Prorocentrum minimum, Skeletonema grethae and Thalassiosira pseudonana) were exposed to BDE-47, which is synthetic and is the predominant congener of PBDEs in the environment. By chemical analysis after incubation of 2 to 6 days, the efficiency of uptake of BDE-47 and, more importantly, the potential of undergoing biotransformation to form OH-PBDEs and MeO-PBDEs by the microalgae were investigated. Growth rates of these axenic microalgae were not affected upon exposure to environmentally relevant concentrations (0.2–20 μg BDE-47 L−1), and accumulation ranged from 0.772 ± 0.092 μg BDE-47 g−1 lipid to 215 ± 54 μg BDE-47 g−1 lipid within 2 days. Debromination of BDE-47 and formation of BDE-28 occurred in all microalgae species (0.01 to 0.87%), but biotransformation to OH-PBDEs was only found in I. galbana upon exposure to extremely high concentration. The results of this study showed that biotransformation of microalgae species is unlikely an explanation for the OH-PBDEs and MeO-PBDEs found in the marine environment.
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17
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Zhao H, Jiang J, Wang Y, Lehmler HJ, Buettner GR, Quan X, Chen J. Monohydroxylated Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers (OH-PBDEs) and Dihydroxylated Polybrominated Biphenyls (Di-OH-PBBs): Novel Photoproducts of 2,6-Dibromophenol. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2015; 49:14120-14128. [PMID: 26545041 PMCID: PMC4717839 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.5b03637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Hydroxylated polybromodiphenyl ethers (OH-PBDEs) are emerging aquatic pollutants, but their origins in the environment are not fully understood. There is evidence that OH-PBDEs are formed from bromophenols, but the underlying transformation processes remain unknown. Here, we investigate if the photoformation of OH-PBDEs from 2,6-dibromophenol in aqueous solution involves 2,6-bromophenoxyl radicals. After the UV irradiation of an aqueous 2,6-dibromophenol solution, HPLC-LTQ-Orbitrap MS and GC-MS analysis revealed the formation of a OH-PBDE and a dihydroxylated polybrominated biphenyl (di-OH-PBB). Both dimeric photoproducts were tentatively identified as 4'-OH-BDE73 and 4,4'-di-OH-PBB80. In addition, three debromination products (4-OH-BDE34, 4'-OH-BDE27, and 4,4'-di-OH-PBBs) were observed. Electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy revealed the presence of a 2,6-dibromophenoxyl radical with a six-line spectrum (a(H) (2 meta) = 3.45 G, a(H) (1 para) = 1.04 G, g = 2.0046) during irradiation of a 2,6-dibromophenol solution in water. The 2,6-dibromophenoxyl radical had a relatively long half-life (122 ± 5 μs) according to laser flash photolysis experiments. The para-para C-C and O-para-C couplings of these 2,6-dibromophenoxyl radicals are consistent with the observed formation of both dimeric OH-PBDE and di-OH-PBB photoproducts. These findings show that bromophenoxyl radical-mediated phototransformation of bromophenols is a source of OH-PBDEs and di-OH-PBBs in aqueous environments that requires further attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongxia Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology Linggong Road 2; Dalian 116024, China
| | - Jingqiu Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology Linggong Road 2; Dalian 116024, China
| | - Yanli Wang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology Linggong Road 2; Dalian 116024, China
| | - Hans-Joachim Lehmler
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, College of Public Health, The University of Iowa, IA 52242, USA
| | - Garry R. Buettner
- Free Radical and Radiation Biology Program & ESR Facility, Carver College of Medicine, The University of Iowa, IA 52242, USA
| | - Xie Quan
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology Linggong Road 2; Dalian 116024, China
| | - Jingwen Chen
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology Linggong Road 2; Dalian 116024, China
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18
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Lin K, Zhou S, Chen X, Ding J, Kong X, Gan J. Formation of hydroxylated polybrominated diphenyl ethers from laccase-catalyzed oxidation of bromophenols. CHEMOSPHERE 2015; 138:806-813. [PMID: 26295539 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2015.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2015] [Revised: 08/02/2015] [Accepted: 08/06/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Hydroxylated polybrominated diphenyl ethers (OH-PBDEs) have been frequently found in the marine biosphere as emerging organic contaminants. Studies to date have suggested that OH-PBDEs in marine biota are natural products. However, the mechanisms leading to the biogenesis of OH-PBDEs are still far from clear. In this study, using a laccase isolated from Trametes versicolor as the model enzyme, we explored the formation of OH-PBDEs from the laccase-catalyzed oxidation of simple bromophenols (e.g., 2,4-DBP and 2,4,6-TBP). Experiments under ambient conditions clearly showed that OH-PBDEs were produced from 2,4-DBP and 2,4,6-TBP in presence of laccase. Polybrominated compounds 2'-OH-BDE68, 2,2'-diOH-BB80, and 1,3,8-TrBDD were identified as the products from 2,4-DBP, and 2'-OH-BDE121 and 4'-OH-BDE121 from 2,4,6-TBP. The production of OH-PBDEs was likely a result of the coupling of bromophenoxy radicals, generated from the laccase-catalyzed oxidation of 2,4-DBP or 2,4,6-TBP. The transformation of bromophenols by laccase was pH-dependant, and was also influenced by enzymatic activity. In view of the abundance of 2,4-DBP and 2,4,6-TBP and the phylogenetic distribution of laccases in the environment, laccase-catalyzed conversion of bromophenols may be potentially an important route for the natural biosynthesis of OH-PBDEs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunde Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystem, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China; College of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China.
| | - Shiyang Zhou
- College of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China
| | - Xi Chen
- College of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China
| | - Jiafeng Ding
- College of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China
| | - Xiaoyan Kong
- College of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China
| | - Jay Gan
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
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19
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Kim UJ, Jo H, Lee IS, Joo GJ, Oh JE. Investigation of bioaccumulation and biotransformation of polybrominated diphenyl ethers, hydroxylated and methoxylated derivatives in varying trophic level freshwater fishes. CHEMOSPHERE 2015; 137:108-114. [PMID: 26092317 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2015.05.104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2015] [Revised: 05/29/2015] [Accepted: 05/31/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The concentrations and distributions of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and their hydroxylated and methoxylated derivatives (OH- and MeO-BDEs) were determined in seven representative fish species from a river in the Republic of Korea. The PBDEs and their derivatives were found to be accumulated in the internal organs of the fish to different extents. PBDEs were preferentially accumulated in the internal organs rather than muscle tissue, and especially, showed increasing accumulation tendencies with increasing bromination level in liver. The OH-BDEs and MeO-BDEs were preferentially accumulated in the liver and gastrointestinal tract, respectively. MeO-BDE concentrations were found to increase according to relative trophic level, suggesting that the PBDE derivatives can be biomagnified to a greater extent than the parent PBDEs in freshwater food webs. In a comparison with the dissolved analyte concentrations in the water that were measured by using semi-permeable membrane devices, the greater uptake of non-ortho substituted MeO-BDEs by fish was observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Un-Jung Kim
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Pusan National University, San 30, Jangjeon-dong, Geumjeong-gu, Busan 609-735, Republic of Korea; Center for Environment, Health and Welfare Research, Korea Institute Science and Technology (KIST), 39-1, Hawolgok-dong, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 136-791, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunbin Jo
- Department of Biological Sciences, Pusan National University, San 30, Jangjeon-dong, Geumjeong-gu, Busan 609-735, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Seok Lee
- National Fisheries Research & Development Institute (NFRDI), 216, Gijanghaeanro, Gijang-Eup, Gijang-Gun, Busan 619-705, Republic of Korea
| | - Gea-Jae Joo
- Department of Biological Sciences, Pusan National University, San 30, Jangjeon-dong, Geumjeong-gu, Busan 609-735, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Eun Oh
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Pusan National University, San 30, Jangjeon-dong, Geumjeong-gu, Busan 609-735, Republic of Korea.
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20
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Agarwal V, Li J, Rahman I, Borgen M, Aluwihare LI, Biggs JS, Paul VJ, Moore BS. Complexity of naturally produced polybrominated diphenyl ethers revealed via mass spectrometry. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2015; 49:1339-46. [PMID: 25559102 PMCID: PMC4358748 DOI: 10.1021/es505440j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are persistent and bioaccumulative anthropogenic and natural chemicals that are broadly distributed in the marine environment. PBDEs are potentially toxic due to inhibition of various mammalian signaling pathways and enzymatic reactions. PBDE isoforms vary in toxicity in accordance with structural differences, primarily in the number and pattern of hydroxyl moieties afforded upon a conserved core structure. Over four decades of isolation and discovery-based efforts have established an impressive repertoire of natural PBDEs. Based on our recent reports describing the bacterial biosyntheses of PBDEs, we predicted the presence of additional classes of PBDEs to those previously identified from marine sources. Using mass spectrometry and NMR spectroscopy, we now establish the existence of new structural classes of PBDEs in marine sponges. Our findings expand the chemical space explored by naturally produced PBDEs, which may inform future environmental toxicology studies. Furthermore, we provide evidence for iodinated PBDEs and direct attention toward the contribution of promiscuous halogenating enzymes in further expanding the diversity of these polyhalogenated marine natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinayak Agarwal
- Scripps Center for Oceans and Human Health, University of California at San Diego, San Diego, California 92037, United States
| | - Jie Li
- Center for Marine Biotechnology and Biomedicine, University of California at San Diego, San Diego, California 92037, United States
| | - Imran Rahman
- Scripps Center for Oceans and Human Health, University of California at San Diego, San Diego, California 92037, United States
| | - Miles Borgen
- Scripps Center for Oceans and Human Health, University of California at San Diego, San Diego, California 92037, United States
| | - Lihini I. Aluwihare
- Scripps Center for Oceans and Human Health, University of California at San Diego, San Diego, California 92037, United States
- Geoscience Research Division, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California at San Diego, San Diego, California 92037, United States
| | - Jason S. Biggs
- University of Guam Marine Laboratory, UoG Station, Mangilao, Guam 96923, United States
| | - Valerie J. Paul
- Center for Marine Biotechnology and Biomedicine, University of California at San Diego, San Diego, California 92037, United States
- Smithsonian Marine Station at Fort Pierce, Fort Pierce, Florida 34949, United States
| | - Bradley S. Moore
- Scripps Center for Oceans and Human Health, University of California at San Diego, San Diego, California 92037, United States
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California at San Diego, San Diego, California 92037, United States
- Corresponding Author: Phone: 858-822-6650; fax: 858-534-1318;
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Kim UJ, Yen NTH, Oh JE. Hydroxylated, methoxylated, and parent polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in the inland environment, Korea, and potential OH- and MeO-BDE source. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2014; 48:7245-7253. [PMID: 24911666 DOI: 10.1021/es5006972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The concentrations, congener profiles, and phase-specific distribution profiles of 27 polybrominated diphenyl ethers and 10 hydroxylated and 18 methoxylated brominated diphenyl ethers (OH- and MeO-BDEs; later called structural analogues of PBDEs) were determined in surface soil, water, air, and vegetation from the southeastern city of Busan, Korea for 2010-2011. The total PBDE concentrations were 0.18-7.7 ng/g in soil, 6.3-87 pg/L [corrected] in water, 5.3-16 pg/m(3) in air, and 0.06-0.22 ng/g in vegetation. The OH- and MeO-BDE concentrations were lower than the parent PBDE concentrations in soil samples but OH-BDEs were much greater in the water samples and MeO-BDEs were much greater in the air samples. The relative concentrations of the PBDEs and their structural analogues varied depending on the type and homologue of the degradation product, the substituent position, and the characteristics of the environmental medium. In particular, the OH-BDEs were not found in air samples and the OH-penta BDEs were not detected in any of the matrices. The dominance of the ortho-substituted structural analogues found in water and vegetation suggested that they may have natural sources, but different substituent patterns were found in the air and soil samples, suggesting that the structural analogues had different formation mechanisms in these media.
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Affiliation(s)
- Un-Jung Kim
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Pusan National University , Busandaehak-ro 63beon-gil, Geumjeong-gu, Busan 609-735, Republic of Korea
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Fujii Y, Nishimura E, Kato Y, Harada KH, Koizumi A, Haraguchi K. Dietary exposure to phenolic and methoxylated organohalogen contaminants in relation to their concentrations in breast milk and serum in Japan. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2014; 63:19-25. [PMID: 24263137 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2013.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2013] [Revised: 09/27/2013] [Accepted: 10/22/2013] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated human exposure to neutral, phenolic, and methoxylated organohalogen contaminants (OHCs) in a duplicate diet study to evaluate their concentrations in breast milk and serum of Okinawan people from Japan during 2004-2009. Dietary intakes of phenolic OHCs were predominantly 2,4,6-tribromophenol (TriBP), followed by tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA), and 6-hydroxy-2,2',4,4'-tetrabromodiphenyl ether (6-OH-BDE47). After exposure, TriBP and TBBPA were transferred to breast milk, whereas 6-OH-BDE47 was selectively retained in serum. Despite a lower dietary exposure to pentachlorophenol and 4-hydroxy-CB187, both were retained in serum. For the methoxylated OHCs, 2,4,6-tribromoanisole (TriBA) and 6-methoxy-BDE47 were the predominant dietary contaminants, of which TriBA was present in both breast milk and serum, whereas 6-methoxy-BDE47 was selectively transferred to breast milk. These findings suggest that dietary exposure to phenolic and methoxylated OHCs may result in differential partitioning between breast milk and serum with different pharmacokinetic or exposure routes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukiko Fujii
- Department of Health and Environmental Sciences, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Yoshida, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Eri Nishimura
- Daiichi College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tamagawa-cho, Minami-ku, Fukuoka 815-8511, Japan
| | - Yoshihisa Kato
- Kagawa School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, Sanuki, Kagawa, 769-2193, Japan
| | - Kouji H Harada
- Department of Health and Environmental Sciences, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Yoshida, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Akio Koizumi
- Department of Health and Environmental Sciences, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Yoshida, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Koichi Haraguchi
- Daiichi College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tamagawa-cho, Minami-ku, Fukuoka 815-8511, Japan.
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Kato Y, Okada S, Atobe K, Endo T, Haraguchi K. Selective determination of mono- and dihydroxylated analogs of polybrominated diphenyl ethers in marine sponges by liquid-chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. Anal Bioanal Chem 2012; 404:197-206. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-012-6132-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2012] [Revised: 05/17/2012] [Accepted: 05/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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