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An Integrated Approach Based on NMR and HPLC–UV-ESI–MS/MS to Characterize Apple Juices and Their Nanofiltration (NF) Bioactive Extracts. FOOD BIOPROCESS TECH 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11947-021-02718-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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2
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Augustijn D, de Groot HJM, Alia A. HR-MAS NMR Applications in Plant Metabolomics. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26040931. [PMID: 33578691 PMCID: PMC7916392 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26040931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolomics is used to reduce the complexity of plants and to understand the underlying pathways of the plant phenotype. The metabolic profile of plants can be obtained by mass spectrometry or liquid-state NMR. The extraction of metabolites from the sample is necessary for both techniques to obtain the metabolic profile. This extraction step can be eliminated by making use of high-resolution magic angle spinning (HR-MAS) NMR. In this review, an HR-MAS NMR-based workflow is described in more detail, including used pulse sequences in metabolomics. The pre-processing steps of one-dimensional HR-MAS NMR spectra are presented, including spectral alignment, baseline correction, bucketing, normalisation and scaling procedures. We also highlight some of the models which can be used to perform multivariate analysis on the HR-MAS NMR spectra. Finally, applications of HR-MAS NMR in plant metabolomics are described and show that HR-MAS NMR is a powerful tool for plant metabolomics studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dieuwertje Augustijn
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9502, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands;
- Correspondence: (D.A.); (A.A.)
| | - Huub J. M. de Groot
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9502, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands;
| | - A. Alia
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9502, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands;
- Institute of Medical Physics and Biophysics, University of Leipzig, Härtelstr. 16–17, D-04107 Leipzig, Germany
- Correspondence: (D.A.); (A.A.)
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3
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NMR Characterization of Ten Apple Cultivars from the Piedmont Region. Foods 2021; 10:foods10020289. [PMID: 33535442 PMCID: PMC7912530 DOI: 10.3390/foods10020289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The metabolite profile of ten traditional apple cultivars grown in the Piedmont region (Italy) was studied by means of nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, identifying an overall number of 36 compounds. A more complete assignment of the proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) resonances from hydroalcoholic and organic apple extracts with respect to literature data was reported, identifying fructose tautomeric forms, galacturonic acid, γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), p-coumaroyl moiety, phosphatidylcholine, and digalactosyldiacylglycerol. The chemical profile of each apple cultivar was defined by thorough quantitative NMR analysis of four sugars (fructose, glucose, sucrose, and xylose), nine organic acids (acetic, citric, formic, citramalic, lactic, malic, quinic, and galacturonic acids), six amino acids (alanine, asparagine, aspartate, GABA, isoleucine, and valine), rhamnitol, p-coumaroyl derivative, phloretin/phloridzin and choline, as well as β-sitosterol, fatty acid chains, phosphatidylcholine, and digalactosyldiacylglycerol. Finally, the application of PCA analysis allowed us to highlight possible differences/similarities. The Magnana cultivar showed the highest content of sugars, GABA, valine, isoleucine, and alanine. The Runsé cultivar was characterized by high amounts of organic acids, whereas the Gamba Fina cultivar showed a high content of chlorogenic acid. A significant amount of quinic acid was detected in the Carla cultivar. The knowledge of apple chemical profiles can be useful for industries interested in specific compounds for obtaining ingredients of food supplements and functional foods and for promoting apple valorization and preservation.
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4
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Wu M, Cai H, Cui X, Wei Z, Ke H. Fast inspection of fruits using nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. J CHIN CHEM SOC-TAIP 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/jccs.201900458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mengjian Wu
- Department of Electronic Science Xiamen University Xiamen Fujian People's Republic of China
| | - Honghao Cai
- Department of Physics, School of Science Jimei University Xiamen Fujian People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaohong Cui
- Department of Electronic Science Xiamen University Xiamen Fujian People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiliang Wei
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore Maryland USA
| | - Hanping Ke
- College of Information and Mechanical & Electrical Engineering Ningde Normal University Ningde Fujian People's Republic of China
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5
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Müller J, Vermathen M, Leitsch D, Vermathen P, Müller N. Metabolomic Profiling of Wildtype and Transgenic Giardia lamblia Strains by 1H HR-MAS NMR Spectroscopy. Metabolites 2020; 10:metabo10020053. [PMID: 32019059 PMCID: PMC7073884 DOI: 10.3390/metabo10020053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Revised: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Giardia lamblia, a causative agent of persistent diarrhea in humans, domestic animals, and cattle, is usually treated with nitro compounds. Consequently, enzymes involved in anaerobic nitro reduction have been investigated in detail as potential targets. Their role within the normal metabolic context is, however, not understood. Using 1H high-resolution magic angle spinning (HR-MAS) NMR spectroscopy, we analyzed the metabolomes of G. lamblia trophozoites overexpressing three nitroreductases (NR1–NR3) and thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), most likely a scavenger of reactive oxygen species, as suggested by the results published in this study. We compared the patterns to convenient controls and to the situation in the nitro drug resistant strain C4 where NR1 is downregulated. We identified 27 metabolites in G. lamblia trophozoites. Excluding metabolites of high variability among different wildtype populations, only trophozoites overexpressing NR1 presented a distinct pattern of nine metabolites, in particular arginine catabolites, differing from the respective controls. This pattern matched a differential pattern between wildtype and strain C4. This suggests that NR1 interferes with arginine and thus energy metabolism. The exact metabolic function of NR1 (and the other nitroreductases) remains to be elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joachim Müller
- Institute of Parasitology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Länggass-Strasse 122, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland;
- Correspondence:
| | - Martina Vermathen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland;
| | - David Leitsch
- Institute of Specific Prophylaxis and Tropical Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Kinderspitalgasse 15, A-1090 Vienna, Austria;
| | - Peter Vermathen
- Departments of BioMedical Research and Radiology, University and Inselspital Bern, sitem-insel AG Freiburgstr. 3, CH-3010 Bern, Switzerland;
| | - Norbert Müller
- Institute of Parasitology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Länggass-Strasse 122, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland;
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6
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Ryu S, Muramatsu T, Furihata K, Wei F, Koda M, Miyakawa T, Tanokura M. NMR-based metabolic profiling and comparison of Japanese persimmon cultivars. Sci Rep 2019; 9:15011. [PMID: 31628382 PMCID: PMC6802078 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-51489-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Persimmons are a traditional, autumnal, and healthy fruit commonly consumed in Japan and East Asia based on the saying, "a persimmon a day keeps the doctor away." The differences in metabolites among five major Japanese persimmon cultivars were investigated using a nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)-based metabolomics approach. By using a broadband water suppression enhanced through T1 effects (WET) method for the sensitive detection of minor metabolites, better discrimination among cultivars and more informative details regarding their metabolic differences have been achieved compared to those achieved in conventional 1H NMR sequences. Among the nonastringent cultivars analyzed, the Taishu cultivar has the highest abundance of amino acids. The Matsumotowase-Fuyu cultivar contains ethyl-β-glycosides as characteristic components, which may relate to fruit softening. Citric acid concentration is higher in Maekawa Jiro than in other nonastringent cultivars. Among the two astringent cultivars analyzed, ethanol was significantly higher in Hiratanenashi than in Yotsumizo, which indicates different reactivity during deastringency treatments. The present study proposes an efficient and relatively quantitative metabolomics approach based on broadband WET NMR spectra.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoraku Ryu
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan
| | - Tomonari Muramatsu
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan
| | - Kazuo Furihata
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan
| | - Feifei Wei
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan
| | - Masanori Koda
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan
| | - Takuya Miyakawa
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan
| | - Masaru Tanokura
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan.
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7
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Iaccarino N, Varming C, Agerlin Petersen M, Viereck N, Schütz B, Toldam-Andersen TB, Randazzo A, Balling Engelsen S. Ancient Danish Apple Cultivars-A Comprehensive Metabolite and Sensory Profiling of Apple Juices. Metabolites 2019; 9:metabo9070139. [PMID: 31373318 PMCID: PMC6680383 DOI: 10.3390/metabo9070139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Revised: 07/06/2019] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent decades, intensive selective breeding programs have allowed the development of disease-resistant and flavorsome apple cultivars while leading to a gradual decline of a large number of ancient varieties in many countries. However, the re-evaluation of such cultivars could lead to the production new apple-based products with health beneficial properties and/or unique flavor qualities. Herein, we report the comprehensive characterization of juices obtained from 86 old, mostly Danish, apple cultivars, by employing traditional analysis (ion chromatography, °Brix, headspace gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC-MS), and panel test evaluation) as well as an innovative nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)-based screening method developed by Bruker for fruit juices, known as Spin Generated Fingerprint (SGF) Profiling™. Principal component analysis showed large differences in aroma components and sensory characteristics, including odd peculiar odors and flavors such as apricot and peach, and very different levels of phenolic compounds, acids and sugars among the analyzed juices. Moreover, we observed a tendency for late-season juices to be characterized by higher °Brix values, sugar content and they were perceived to be sweeter and more flavor intense than early-season juices. Our findings are useful for the production of specialty vintage-cultivar apple juices or mixed juices to obtain final products that are characterized both by healthy properties and peculiar sensory attributes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nunzia Iaccarino
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | | | - Mikael Agerlin Petersen
- Department of Food Science, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 26, 1958 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Nanna Viereck
- Department of Food Science, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 26, 1958 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Birk Schütz
- Bruker BioSpin, Silberstreifen 4, 76287 Rheinstetten, Germany
| | - Torben Bo Toldam-Andersen
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Hoejbakkegaard Alle 13, 2630 Taastrup, Denmark
| | - Antonio Randazzo
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Søren Balling Engelsen
- Department of Food Science, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 26, 1958 Frederiksberg C, Denmark.
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8
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Jensen HM, Bertram HC. The magic angle view to food: magic-angle spinning (MAS) NMR spectroscopy in food science. Metabolomics 2019; 15:44. [PMID: 30868337 DOI: 10.1007/s11306-019-1504-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy has been used in food science and nutritional studies for decades and is one of the major analytical platforms in metabolomics. Many foods are solid or at least semi-solid, which denotes that the molecular motions are restricted as opposed to in pure liquids. While the majority of NMR spectroscopy is performed on liquid samples and a solid material gives rise to constraints in terms of many chemical analyses, the magic angle thrillingly enables the application of NMR spectroscopy also on semi-solid and solid materials. This paper attempts to review how magic-angle spinning (MAS) NMR is used from 'farm-to-fork' in food science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henrik Max Jensen
- DuPont Nutrition Biosciences ApS, Edwin Rahrsvej 38, 8220, Brabrand, Denmark
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9
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Hatzakis E. Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) Spectroscopy in Food Science: A Comprehensive Review. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2018; 18:189-220. [PMID: 33337022 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Revised: 09/28/2018] [Accepted: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy is a robust method, which can rapidly analyze mixtures at the molecular level without requiring separation and/or purification steps, making it ideal for applications in food science. Despite its increasing popularity among food scientists, NMR is still an underutilized methodology in this area, mainly due to its high cost, relatively low sensitivity, and the lack of NMR expertise by many food scientists. The aim of this review is to help bridge the knowledge gap that may exist when attempting to apply NMR methodologies to the field of food science. We begin by covering the basic principles required to apply NMR to the study of foods and nutrients. A description of the discipline of chemometrics is provided, as the combination of NMR with multivariate statistical analysis is a powerful approach for addressing modern challenges in food science. Furthermore, a comprehensive overview of recent and key applications in the areas of compositional analysis, food authentication, quality control, and human nutrition is provided. In addition to standard NMR techniques, more sophisticated NMR applications are also presented, although limitations, gaps, and potentials are discussed. We hope this review will help scientists gain some of the knowledge required to apply the powerful methodology of NMR to the rich and diverse field of food science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Hatzakis
- Dept. of Food Science and Technology, The Ohio State Univ., Parker Building, 2015 Fyffe Rd., Columbus, OH, U.S.A.,Foods for Health Discovery Theme, The Ohio State Univ., Parker Building, 2015 Fyffe Rd., Columbus, OH, U.S.A
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10
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1H HR-MAS NMR spectroscopy to study the metabolome of the protozoan parasite Giardia lamblia. Talanta 2018; 188:429-441. [PMID: 30029398 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2018.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2018] [Revised: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 06/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Knowledge of the metabolic profile and exchange processes in the protozoan parasite Giardia lamblia is of importance for a better understanding of the biochemical processes and for the development of drugs to control diseases caused by G. lamblia. In the current paper, 1H High Resolution Magic Angle Spinning (HR-MAS) NMR spectroscopy was directly applied to G. lamblia trophozoite suspensions to analyze the detectable small metabolites with a minimum of intervention. Thirty-one components were identified with main contributions from amino acids such as alanine and ornithine. The reproducibility, variability, and stability of the metabolites were investigated. Citrulline was found to be formed as an intermediate and citrulline levels depended on the stage of cell growth. Glucose-1-phosphate was found to be formed in relatively high amounts after cell harvesting if enzymes were not inactivated. In addition, the metabolic footprint of Giardia trophozoites, i.e. changes in the culture medium induced by G. lamblia, was investigated by liquid state NMR spectroscopy of culture media before and after inoculation. A quantitative comparison of the NMR spectra revealed component changes in the culture media during growth. The results suggested that not glucose but rather arginine serves as main energy supply. Biochemical functions of intracellular components and their metabolic exchange with the culture medium are discussed. The results provide an important basis for the design of HR-MAS NMR based metabolomic studies of G. lamblia in particular and any protozoan parasite samples in general.
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11
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Metabolic profiling of apples from different production systems before and after controlled atmosphere (CA) storage studied by 1H high resolution-magic angle spinning (HR-MAS) NMR. Food Chem 2017; 233:391-400. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2017.04.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2016] [Revised: 12/15/2016] [Accepted: 04/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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12
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Sobolev AP, Circi S, Capitani D, Ingallina C, Mannina L. Molecular fingerprinting of food authenticity. Curr Opin Food Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cofs.2017.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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13
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Francini A, Romeo S, Cifelli M, Gori D, Domenici V, Sebastiani L. 1H NMR and PCA-based analysis revealed variety dependent changes in phenolic contents of apple fruit after drying. Food Chem 2016; 221:1206-1213. [PMID: 27979079 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2016.11.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2016] [Revised: 11/03/2016] [Accepted: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Dry and fresh apples have been studied monitoring their polyphenolic profiles through 1H NMR, antioxidant capacity and total polyphenol content. Six ancient and underutilized apple varieties (Mantovana, Mora, Nesta, Cipolla, Ruggina, Sassola) and a commercial one (Golden Delicious) were dried with an air-drying system at 45°C for 19h. Although some of their polyphenol constituents were lost during drying, the antioxidant capacity of some apple varieties remained higher compared to Golden Delicious. This result is very important for ancient and underutilized varieties that are not consumed on large scale as fresh product since they have low attractiveness, due to their ugly appearance. Combining quantitative NMR spectroscopy with principal component analysis we have identified and quantified several polyphenols (such as catechin, epicathechin, and chlorogenic acid) that are important to establish the nutraceutical value of the different investigated apple varieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Francini
- Biolabs-Institute of Life Sciences, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Piazza Martiri della Libertà 33, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - Stefania Romeo
- Biolabs-Institute of Life Sciences, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Piazza Martiri della Libertà 33, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - Mario Cifelli
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, via Moruzzi, 13, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Daniele Gori
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, via Moruzzi, 13, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Valentina Domenici
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, via Moruzzi, 13, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Luca Sebastiani
- Biolabs-Institute of Life Sciences, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Piazza Martiri della Libertà 33, I-56127 Pisa, Italy.
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14
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Augustijn D, Roy U, van Schadewijk R, de Groot HJM, Alia A. Metabolic Profiling of Intact Arabidopsis thaliana Leaves during Circadian Cycle Using 1H High Resolution Magic Angle Spinning NMR. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0163258. [PMID: 27662620 PMCID: PMC5035067 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0163258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2016] [Accepted: 09/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Arabidopsis thaliana is the most widely used model organism for research in plant biology. While significant advances in understanding plant growth and development have been made by focusing on the molecular genetics of Arabidopsis, extracting and understanding the functional framework of metabolism is challenging, both from a technical perspective due to losses and modification during extraction of metabolites from the leaves, and from the biological perspective, due to random variation obscuring how well the function is performed. The purpose of this work is to establish the in vivo metabolic profile directly from the Arabidopsis thaliana leaves without metabolite extraction, to reduce the complexity of the results by multivariate analysis, and to unravel the mitigation of cellular complexity by predominant functional periodicity. To achieve this, we use the circadian cycle that strongly influences metabolic and physiological processes and exerts control over the photosynthetic machinery. High resolution-magic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance (HR-MAS NMR) was applied to obtain the metabolic profile directly from intact Arabidopsis leaves. Combining one- and two-dimensional 1H HR-MAS NMR allowed the identification of several metabolites including sugars and amino acids in intact leaves. Multivariate analysis on HR-MAS NMR spectra of leaves throughout the circadian cycle revealed modules of primary metabolites with significant and consistent variations of their molecular components at different time points of the circadian cycle. Since robust photosynthetic performance in plants relies on the functional periodicity of the circadian rhythm, our results show that HR-MAS NMR promises to be an important non-invasive method that can be used for metabolomics of the Arabidopsis thaliana mutants with altered physiology and photosynthetic efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- D. Augustijn
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, POB 9502, 2300, RA, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - U. Roy
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, POB 9502, 2300, RA, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - R. van Schadewijk
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, POB 9502, 2300, RA, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - H. J. M. de Groot
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, POB 9502, 2300, RA, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - A. Alia
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, POB 9502, 2300, RA, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Institute of Medical Physics and Biophysics, University of Leipzig, Härtelstr. 16–18, D-04107, Leipzig, Germany
- * E-mail:
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15
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Untargeted NMR Spectroscopic Analysis of the Metabolic Variety of New Apple Cultivars. Metabolites 2016; 6:metabo6030029. [PMID: 27657148 PMCID: PMC5041128 DOI: 10.3390/metabo6030029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2016] [Revised: 09/09/2016] [Accepted: 09/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolome analyses by NMR spectroscopy can be used in quality control by generating unique fingerprints of different species. Hundreds of components and their variation between different samples can be analyzed in a few minutes/hours with high accuracy and low cost of sample preparation. Here, apple peel and pulp extracts of a variety of apple cultivars were studied to assess their suitability to discriminate between the different varieties. The cultivars comprised mainly newly bred varieties or ones that were brought onto the market in recent years. Multivariate analyses of peel and pulp extracts were able to unambiguously identify all cultivars, with peel extracts showing a higher discriminative power. The latter was increased if the highly concentrated sugar metabolites were omitted from the analysis. Whereas sugar concentrations lay within a narrow range, polyphenols, discussed as potential health promoting substances, and acids varied remarkably between the cultivars.
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16
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Sundekilde UK, Rasmussen MK, Young JF, Bertram HC. High resolution magic angle spinning NMR spectroscopy reveals that pectoralis muscle dystrophy in chicken is associated with reduced muscle content of anserine and carnosine. Food Chem 2016; 217:151-154. [PMID: 27664620 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2016.08.104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2016] [Revised: 08/02/2016] [Accepted: 08/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Increased incidences of pectoralis muscle dystrophy are observed in commercial chicken products, but the muscle physiological causes for the condition remain to be identified. In the present study a high-resolution magic angle spinning (HR-MAS) proton ((1)H) NMR spectroscopic examination of intact pectoralis muscle samples (n=77) were conducted to explore metabolite perturbations associated with the muscle dystrophy condition for the very first time. Both in chicken with an age of 21 and 31days, respectively, pectoralis muscle dystrophy was associated with a significantly lower content of anserine (p=0.034), carnosine (p=0.019) and creatine (p=0.049). These findings must be considered intriguing as they corroborate that characteristic muscle di-peptides composed of β-alanine and histidine derivatives such as anserine are extremely important in homeostasis of contractile muscles as a results of their role as buffering, anti-oxidative, and anti-glycation capacities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrik K Sundekilde
- Department of Food Science, Kirstinebjergvej 10, 5792 Årslev and Blichers allé 20, 8830 Tjele, Aarhus University, Denmark
| | - Martin K Rasmussen
- Department of Food Science, Kirstinebjergvej 10, 5792 Årslev and Blichers allé 20, 8830 Tjele, Aarhus University, Denmark
| | - Jette F Young
- Department of Food Science, Kirstinebjergvej 10, 5792 Årslev and Blichers allé 20, 8830 Tjele, Aarhus University, Denmark
| | - Hanne Christine Bertram
- Department of Food Science, Kirstinebjergvej 10, 5792 Årslev and Blichers allé 20, 8830 Tjele, Aarhus University, Denmark.
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17
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Cai H, Cheng R, Jin Y, Ding S, Chen Z. Evaluation of Oolong Teas Using1H and13C Solid-state NMR, Sensory Analysis, and Multivariate Statistics. J CHIN CHEM SOC-TAIP 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/jccs.201600183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Honghao Cai
- Department of Electronic Science, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Plasma and Magnetic Resonance, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces; Xiamen University; Xiamen China
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology; National Sun Yat-sen University; Kaohsiung Taiwan
| | - Renhao Cheng
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology; National Sun Yat-sen University; Kaohsiung Taiwan
| | - Yali Jin
- Department of Electronic Science, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Plasma and Magnetic Resonance, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces; Xiamen University; Xiamen China
| | - Shangwu Ding
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology; National Sun Yat-sen University; Kaohsiung Taiwan
| | - Zhong Chen
- Department of Electronic Science, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Plasma and Magnetic Resonance, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces; Xiamen University; Xiamen China
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18
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Cukrov D, Zermiani M, Brizzolara S, Cestaro A, Licausi F, Luchinat C, Santucci C, Tenori L, Van Veen H, Zuccolo A, Ruperti B, Tonutti P. Extreme Hypoxic Conditions Induce Selective Molecular Responses and Metabolic Reset in Detached Apple Fruit. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:146. [PMID: 26909091 PMCID: PMC4754620 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.00146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2015] [Accepted: 01/28/2016] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The ripening physiology of detached fruit is altered by low oxygen conditions with profound effects on quality parameters. To study hypoxia-related processes and regulatory mechanisms, apple (Malus domestica, cv Granny Smith) fruit, harvested at commercial ripening, were kept at 1°C under normoxic (control) and hypoxic (0.4 and 0.8 kPa oxygen) conditions for up to 60 days. NMR analyses of cortex tissue identified eight metabolites showing significantly different accumulations between samples, with ethanol and alanine displaying the most pronounced difference between hypoxic and normoxic treatments. A rapid up-regulation of alcohol dehydrogenase and pyruvate-related metabolism (lactate dehydrogenase, pyruvate decarboxylase, alanine aminotransferase) gene expression was detected under both hypoxic conditions with a more pronounced effect induced by the lowest (0.4 kPa) oxygen concentration. Both hypoxic conditions negatively affected ACC synthase and ACC oxidase transcript accumulation. Analysis of RNA-seq data of samples collected after 24 days of hypoxic treatment identified more than 1000 genes differentially expressed when comparing 0.4 vs. 0.8 kPa oxygen concentration samples. Genes involved in cell-wall, minor and major CHO, amino acid and secondary metabolisms, fermentation and glycolysis as well as genes involved in transport, defense responses, and oxidation-reduction appeared to be selectively affected by treatments. The lowest oxygen concentration induced a higher expression of transcription factors belonging to AUX/IAA, WRKY, HB, Zinc-finger families, while MADS box family genes were more expressed when apples were kept under 0.8 kPa oxygen. Out of the eight group VII ERF members present in apple genome, two genes showed a rapid up-regulation under hypoxia, and western blot analysis showed that apple MdRAP2.12 proteins were differentially accumulated in normoxic and hypoxic samples, with the highest level reached under 0.4 kPa oxygen. These data suggest that ripe apple tissues finely and specifically modulate sensing and regulatory mechanisms in response to different hypoxic stress conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dubravka Cukrov
- Istituto di Scienze della Vita, Scuola Superiore Sant'AnnaPisa, Italy
| | - Monica Zermiani
- Dipartimento di Agronomia Animali Alimenti Risorse Naturali e Ambiente, University of PadovaPadova, Italy
| | | | - Alessandro Cestaro
- Centro Ricerca e Innovazione, Fondazione Edmund Mach di San Michele all'AdigeTrento, Italy
| | - Francesco Licausi
- Istituto di Scienze della Vita, Scuola Superiore Sant'AnnaPisa, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Hans Van Veen
- Istituto di Scienze della Vita, Scuola Superiore Sant'AnnaPisa, Italy
| | - Andrea Zuccolo
- Istituto di Scienze della Vita, Scuola Superiore Sant'AnnaPisa, Italy
| | - Benedetto Ruperti
- Dipartimento di Agronomia Animali Alimenti Risorse Naturali e Ambiente, University of PadovaPadova, Italy
| | - Pietro Tonutti
- Istituto di Scienze della Vita, Scuola Superiore Sant'AnnaPisa, Italy
- *Correspondence: Pietro Tonutti
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19
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Santos A, Fonseca F, Lião L, Alcantara G, Barison A. High-resolution magic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance in foodstuff analysis. Trends Analyt Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2015.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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20
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Preston CM. Environmental NMR--the early years. MAGNETIC RESONANCE IN CHEMISTRY : MRC 2015; 53:635-647. [PMID: 25627248 DOI: 10.1002/mrc.4180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2014] [Accepted: 10/10/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Caroline M Preston
- Pacific Forestry Centre, Natural Resources Canada, 506 W. Burnside Rd., Victoria, BC, V8Z 1M5, Canada
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21
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André M, Piotto M, Caldarelli S, Dumez JN. Ultrafast high-resolution magic-angle-spinning NMR spectroscopy. Analyst 2015; 140:3942-6. [PMID: 25946235 DOI: 10.1039/c5an00653h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We demonstrate the acquisition of ultrafast 2D NMR spectra of semi-solid samples, with a high-resolution magic-angle-spinning setup. Using a recent double-quantum NMR pulse sequence in optimised synchronisation conditions, high-quality 2D spectra can be recorded for a sample under magic-angle spinning. An illustration is given with a semi-solid sample of banana pulp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion André
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, CNRS UPR 2301, Avenue de la Terrasse, 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France.
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22
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Tomita S, Nemoto T, Matsuo Y, Shoji T, Tanaka F, Nakagawa H, Ono H, Kikuchi J, Ohnishi-Kameyama M, Sekiyama Y. A NMR-based, non-targeted multistep metabolic profiling revealed l-rhamnitol as a metabolite that characterised apples from different geographic origins. Food Chem 2015; 174:163-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2014.11.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2014] [Revised: 10/27/2014] [Accepted: 11/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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23
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Sobolev AP, Mannina L, Proietti N, Carradori S, Daglia M, Giusti AM, Antiochia R, Capitani D. Untargeted NMR-based methodology in the study of fruit metabolites. Molecules 2015; 20:4088-108. [PMID: 25749679 PMCID: PMC6272596 DOI: 10.3390/molecules20034088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2014] [Revised: 02/17/2015] [Accepted: 02/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In this review, fundamental aspects of the untargeted NMR-based methodology applied to fruit characterization are described. The strategy to perform the structure elucidation of fruit metabolites is discussed with some examples of spectral assignments by 2D experiments. Primary ubiquitous metabolites as well as secondary species-specific metabolites, identified in different fruits using an untargeted 1H-NMR approach, are summarized in a comprehensive way. Crucial aspects regarding the quantitative elaboration of spectral data are also discussed. The usefulness of the NMR-based metabolic profiling was highlighted using some results regarding quality, adulteration, varieties and geographical origin of fruits and fruit-derived products such as juices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anatoly Petrovich Sobolev
- Magnetic Resonance Laboratory "Annalaura Segre", Institute of Chemical Methodologies, National Research Council (CNR), I-00015 Monterotondo (RM), Italy.
| | - Luisa Mannina
- Magnetic Resonance Laboratory "Annalaura Segre", Institute of Chemical Methodologies, National Research Council (CNR), I-00015 Monterotondo (RM), Italy.
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, I-00185 Rome, Italy.
| | - Noemi Proietti
- Magnetic Resonance Laboratory "Annalaura Segre", Institute of Chemical Methodologies, National Research Council (CNR), I-00015 Monterotondo (RM), Italy.
| | - Simone Carradori
- Department of Pharmacy, "G. D'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti Scalo (CH), Italy.
| | - Maria Daglia
- Department of Drug Sciences, Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Technology Section, Pavia University, Via Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
| | - Anna Maria Giusti
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, I-00185 Rome, Italy.
| | - Riccarda Antiochia
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, I-00185 Rome, Italy.
| | - Donatella Capitani
- Magnetic Resonance Laboratory "Annalaura Segre", Institute of Chemical Methodologies, National Research Council (CNR), I-00015 Monterotondo (RM), Italy.
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24
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Santucci C, Brizzolara S, Tenori L. Comparison of frozen and fresh apple pulp for NMR-based metabolomic analysis. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-015-0107-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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25
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Pacifico D, Casciani L, Ritota M, Mandolino G, Onofri C, Moschella A, Parisi B, Cafiero C, Valentini M. NMR-based metabolomics for organic farming traceability of early potatoes. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2013; 61:11201-11211. [PMID: 24191752 DOI: 10.1021/jf402961m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
(1)H HRMAS-NMR spectroscopy was successfully used to determine the metabolic profiles of 78 tubers obtained from three early genotypes grown under organic and conventional management. The variation in total hydrogen, carbon, and nitrogen contents was also assessed. A PLS-DA multivariate statistical analysis provided good discrimination among the varieties and cropping systems (100% unknown samples placed in a cross-validation blind test), suggesting that this method is a powerful and rapid tool for tracing organic potatoes. As a result of the farming system, the nitrogen content decreased by 11-14% in organic tubers, whereas GABA and lysine accumulated in the organic tubers of all clones. Clear variations in primary metabolites are discussed to provide a better understanding of the metabolic pathway modifications resulting from agronomical practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Pacifico
- Consiglio per la Ricerca e la sperimentazione in Agricoltura - Agricultural Research Council - Research Centre for Industrial crops (CRA-CIN) Via di Corticella 133, 40128 Bologna, Italy
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26
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Marzorati M, Bigler P, Plattner M, Vermathen M. Feasibility of 1H-High Resolution-Magic Angle Spinning NMR Spectroscopy in the Analysis of Viscous Cosmetic and Pharmaceutical Formulations. Anal Chem 2013; 85:3822-7. [DOI: 10.1021/ac400559z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mattia Marzorati
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3,
CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Peter Bigler
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3,
CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Michel Plattner
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3,
CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Martina Vermathen
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3,
CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland
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