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Optimized Conditions for Preparing a Heterogeneous Biocatalyst via Cross-Linked Enzyme Aggregates (CLEAs) of β-Glucosidase from Aspergillus niger. Catalysts 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/catal13010062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
This study mainly aims to find the optimal conditions for immobilizing a non-commercial β-glucosidase from Aspergillus niger via cross-linked enzyme aggregates (CLEAs) by investigating the effect of cross-linking agent (glutaraldehyde) concentration and soy protein isolate/enzyme ratio (or spacer/enzyme ratio) on the catalytic performance of β-glucosidase through the central composite rotatable design (CCRD). The influence of certain parameters such as pH and temperature on the hydrolytic activity of the resulting heterogeneous biocatalyst was assessed and compared with those of a soluble enzyme. The catalytic performance of both the soluble and immobilized enzyme was assessed by hydrolyzing ρ-nitrophenyl-β-D-glucopyranoside (ρ-NPG) at pH 4.5 and 50 °C. It was found that there was a maximum recovered activity of around 33% (corresponding to hydrolytic activity of 0.48 U/mL) in a spacer/enzyme ratio of 4.69 (mg/mg) using 25.5 mM glutaraldehyde. The optimal temperature and pH conditions for the soluble enzyme were 60 °C and 4.5, respectively, while those for CLEAs of β-glucosidase were between 50 and 65 °C and pH 3.5 and 4.0. These results reveal that the immobilized enzyme is more stable in a wider pH and temperature range than its soluble form. Furthermore, an improvement was observed in thermal stability after immobilization. After 150 days at 4 °C, the heterogeneous biocatalyst retained 80% of its original activity, while the soluble enzyme retained only 10%. The heterogeneous biocatalyst preparation was also characterized by TG/DTG and FT-IR analyses that confirmed the introduction of carbon chains via cross-linking. Therefore, the immobilized biocatalyst prepared in this study has improved enzyme stabilization, and it is an interesting approach to preparing heterogeneous biocatalysts for industrial applications.
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2
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Pota G, Sapienza Salerno A, Costantini A, Silvestri B, Passaro J, Califano V. Co-immobilization of Cellulase and β-Glucosidase into Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles for the Hydrolysis of Cellulose Extracted from Eriobotrya japonica Leaves. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2022; 38:5481-5493. [PMID: 35476419 PMCID: PMC9097537 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.2c00053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2022] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Fungal cellulases generally contain a reduced amount of β-glucosidase (BG), which does not allow for efficient cellulose hydrolysis. To address this issue, we implemented an easy co-immobilization procedure of β-glucosidase and cellulase by adsorption on wrinkled mesoporous silica nanoparticles with radial and hierarchical open pore structures, exhibiting smaller (WSN) and larger (WSN-p) inter-wrinkle distances. The immobilization was carried out separately on different vectors (WSN for BG and WSN-p for cellulase), simultaneously on the same vector (WSN-p), and sequentially on the same vector (WSN-p) in order to optimize the synergy between cellulase and BG. The obtained results pointed out that the best biocatalyst is that prepared through simultaneous immobilization of BG and cellulase on the same vector (WSN-p). In this case, the adsorption resulted in 20% yield of immobilization, corresponding to an enzyme loading of 100 mg/g of support. 82% yield of reaction and 72 μmol/min·g activity were obtained, evaluated for the hydrolysis of cellulose extracted from Eriobotrya japonica leaves. All reactions were carried out at a standard temperature of 50 °C. The biocatalyst retained 83% of the initial yield of reaction after 9 cycles of reuse. Moreover, it had better stability than the free enzyme mixture in a wide range of temperatures, preserving 72% of the initial yield of reaction up to 90 °C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulio Pota
- Department
of Chemical, Materials and Production Engineering, University of Naples Federico II, Piazzale Tecchio 80, 80125 Fuorigrotta, Naples, Italy
| | - Antonio Sapienza Salerno
- Department
of Chemical, Materials and Production Engineering, University of Naples Federico II, Piazzale Tecchio 80, 80125 Fuorigrotta, Naples, Italy
| | - Aniello Costantini
- Department
of Chemical, Materials and Production Engineering, University of Naples Federico II, Piazzale Tecchio 80, 80125 Fuorigrotta, Naples, Italy
| | - Brigida Silvestri
- Department
of Chemical, Materials and Production Engineering, University of Naples Federico II, Piazzale Tecchio 80, 80125 Fuorigrotta, Naples, Italy
| | - Jessica Passaro
- Department
of Chemical, Materials and Production Engineering, University of Naples Federico II, Piazzale Tecchio 80, 80125 Fuorigrotta, Naples, Italy
| | - Valeria Califano
- Institute
of Science and Technology for Sustainable Energy and Mobility (STEMS), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Viale Marconi 4, 80125 Naples, Italy
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Chitosan Activated with Genipin: A Nontoxic Natural Carrier for Tannase Immobilization and Its Application in Enhancing Biological Activities of Tea Extract. Mar Drugs 2021; 19:md19030166. [PMID: 33808933 PMCID: PMC8003703 DOI: 10.3390/md19030166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
In this work, a non-toxic chitosan-based carrier was constructed via genipin activation and applied for the immobilization of tannase. The immobilization carriers and immobilized tannase were characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and thermogravimetric analysis. Activation conditions (genipin concentration, activation temperature, activation pH and activation time) and immobilizations conditions (enzyme amount, immobilization time, immobilization temperature, immobilization pH, and shaking speed) were optimized. The activity and activity recovery rate of the immobilized tannase prepared using optimal activation and immobilization conditions reached 29.2 U/g and 53.6%, respectively. The immobilized tannase exhibited better environmental adaptability and stability. The immobilized tannase retained 20.1% of the initial activity after 12 cycles and retained 81.12% of residual activity after 30 days storage. The catechins composition analysis of tea extract indicated that the concentration of non-ester-type catechins, EGC and EC, were increased by 1758% and 807% after enzymatic treatment. Biological activity studies of tea extract revealed that tea extract treated with the immobilized tannase possessed higher antioxidant activity, higher inhibitory effect on α-amylase, and lower inhibitory effect on α-glucosidase. Our results demonstrate that chitosan activated with genipin could be an effective non-toxic carrier for tannase immobilization and enhancing biological activities of tea extract.
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Immobilization of Thermostable β-Glucosidase and α-l-Rhamnosidase from Dictyoglomus thermophilum DSM3960 and Their Cooperated Biotransformation of Total Flavonoids Extract from Epimedium into Icaritin. Catal Letters 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10562-020-03522-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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5
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Facile Construction of Synergistic β-Glucosidase and Cellulase Sequential Co-immobilization System for Enhanced Biomass Conversion. CHINESE JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10118-020-2437-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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6
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Ottone C, Romero O, Aburto C, Illanes A, Wilson L. Biocatalysis in the winemaking industry: Challenges and opportunities for immobilized enzymes. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2020; 19:595-621. [PMID: 33325181 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Revised: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Enzymes are powerful catalysts already being used in a large number of industrial processes. Impressive advantages in enzyme catalysts improvement have occurred in recent years aiming to improve their performance under harsh operation conditions far away from those of their cellular habitat. Production levels of the winemaking industry have experienced a remarkable increase, and technological innovations have been introduced for increasing the efficiency at different process steps or for improving wine quality, which is a key issue in this industry. Enzymes, such as pectinases and proteases, have been traditionally used, and others, such as glycosidases, have been more recently introduced in the modern wine industry, and many dedicated studies refer to the improvement of enzyme performance under winemaking conditions. Within this framework, a thorough review on the role of enzymes in winemaking is presented, with special emphasis on the use of immobilized enzymes as a significant strategy for catalyst improvement within an industry in which enzymes play important roles that are to be reinforced paralleling innovation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carminna Ottone
- Escuela de Ingeniería Bioquímica, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Oscar Romero
- Escuela de Ingeniería Bioquímica, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Carla Aburto
- Escuela de Ingeniería Bioquímica, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Andrés Illanes
- Escuela de Ingeniería Bioquímica, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Lorena Wilson
- Escuela de Ingeniería Bioquímica, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
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7
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Sannino F, Costantini A, Ruffo F, Aronne A, Venezia V, Califano V. Covalent Immobilization of β-Glucosidase into Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles from Anhydrous Acetone Enhances Its Catalytic Performance. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 10:E108. [PMID: 31948120 PMCID: PMC7022324 DOI: 10.3390/nano10010108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Revised: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
An immobilization protocol of a model enzyme into silica nanoparticles was applied. This protocol exploited the use of the bifunctional molecule triethoxysilylpropylisocyanate (TEPI) for covalent binding through a linker of suitable length. The enzyme β-glucosidase (BG) was anchored onto wrinkled silica nanoparticles (WSNs). BG represents a bottleneck in the conversion of lignocellulosic biomass into biofuels through cellulose hydrolysis and fermentation. The key aspect of the procedure was the use of an organic solvent (anhydrous acetone) in which the enzyme was not soluble. This aimed to restrict its conformational changes and thus preserve its native structure. This approach led to a biocatalyst with improved thermal stability, characterized by high immobilization efficiency and yield. It was found that the apparent KM value was about half of that of the free enzyme. The Vmax was about the same than that of the free enzyme. The biocatalyst showed a high operational stability, losing only 30% of its activity after seven reuses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filomena Sannino
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Via Università 100, 80055 Portici (Na), Italy;
| | - Aniello Costantini
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Materials and Industrial Production, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, P.le Tecchio 80, 80125 Napoli, Italy; (A.A.); (V.V.)
| | - Francesco Ruffo
- Department of Chemical Science, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Complesso Universitario di Monte S. Angelo via Cintia, 80126 Napoli, Italy;
| | - Antonio Aronne
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Materials and Industrial Production, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, P.le Tecchio 80, 80125 Napoli, Italy; (A.A.); (V.V.)
| | - Virginia Venezia
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Materials and Industrial Production, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, P.le Tecchio 80, 80125 Napoli, Italy; (A.A.); (V.V.)
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8
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de Andrades D, Graebin NG, Ayub MAZ, Fernandez-Lafuente R, Rodrigues RC. Preparation of immobilized/stabilized biocatalysts of β-glucosidases from different sources: Importance of the support active groups and the immobilization protocol. Biotechnol Prog 2019; 35:e2890. [PMID: 31374157 DOI: 10.1002/btpr.2890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Revised: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
β-Glucosidases from two different commercial preparations, Pectinex Ultra SP-L and Celluclast® 1.5L, were immobilized on divinylsulfone (DVS) supports at pH 5.0, 7.0, 9.0, and 10. In addition, the biocatalysts were also immobilized in agarose beads activated by glyoxyl, and epoxide as reagent groups. The best immobilization results were observed using higher pH values on DVS-agarose, and for Celluclast® 1.5L, good results were also obtained using the glyoxil-agarose immobilization. The biocatalyst obtained using Pectinex Ultra SP-L showed the highest thermal stability, at 65°C, and an operational stability of 67% of activity after 10 reuses cycles when immobilized on DVS-agarose immobilized at pH 10 and blocked with ethylenediamine. The β-glucosidase from Celluclast® 1.5L produced best results when immobilized on DVS-agarose immobilized at pH 9 and blocked with glycine, reaching 7.76-fold higher thermal stability compared to its free form and maintaining 76% of its activity after 10 successive cycles. The new biocatalysts obtained by these protocols showed reduction of glucose inhibition of enzymes, demonstrating the influence of immobilization protocols, pH, and blocking agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diandra de Andrades
- Biotechnology, Bioprocess, and Biocatalysis Group, Food Science and Technology Institute, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Natália G Graebin
- Biotechnology, Bioprocess, and Biocatalysis Group, Food Science and Technology Institute, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Marco A Z Ayub
- Biotechnology, Bioprocess, and Biocatalysis Group, Food Science and Technology Institute, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | | | - Rafael C Rodrigues
- Biotechnology, Bioprocess, and Biocatalysis Group, Food Science and Technology Institute, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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9
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Califano V, Costantini A, Silvestri B, Venezia V, Cimino S, Sannino F. The effect of pore morphology on the catalytic performance of β-glucosidase immobilized into mesoporous silica. PURE APPL CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1515/pac-2018-1202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
β-Glucosidase (BG) was immobilized by adsorption on wrinkled silica nanoparticles (WSNs) and on tannic acid-templated mesoporous silica nanoparticles (TA-MSNPs). The effect induced by a different morphology of the pores of the sorbent on the catalytic performance of β-glucosidase was investigated. A complete textural and morphological characterization of the two samples was performed by Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) method, Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The results demonstrated that the catalytic performance of the immobilized enzyme depends on the pores size of sorbent but a key factor is the pores morphology. In fact, the BG immobilized on WSNs and TA-MSNPs (BG/WSNs and BG/TA-MSNPs) shows in both cases good catalytic performances in cellobiose hydrolysis, but the catalyst with the best performance is BG/WSNs, in which the support exhibits a central-radial pore structure and a hierarchical trimodal micro-mesoporous pore size. This peculiar morphology allows the enzyme to settle in a place where the interactions with the walls are maximized, increasing its conformational rigidity. Furthermore, the enzyme is prevalently collocated in the interior of pore so that the pores are not completely capped.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Aniello Costantini
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Materials and Industrial Production , Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II , P.le Tecchio 80 , 80125 Naples , Italy
| | - Brigida Silvestri
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Materials and Industrial Production , Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II , P.le Tecchio 80 , 80125 Naples , Italy
| | - Virginia Venezia
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Materials and Industrial Production , Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II , P.le Tecchio 80 , 80125 Naples , Italy
| | - Stefano Cimino
- Istituto Ricerche Combustione CNR , P.le Tecchio 80, 80125 , Naples , Italy
| | - Filomena Sannino
- Department of Agricultural Sciences , Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II , Via Università 100 , 80055 Portici (Na) , Italy
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10
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de Andrades D, Graebin NG, Kadowaki MK, Ayub MA, Fernandez-Lafuente R, Rodrigues RC. Immobilization and stabilization of different β-glucosidases using the glutaraldehyde chemistry: Optimal protocol depends on the enzyme. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 129:672-678. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.02.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Revised: 02/04/2019] [Accepted: 02/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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11
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OHARA A, SANTOS JGD, ANGELOTTI JAF, BARBOSA PDPM, DIAS FFG, BAGAGLI MP, SATO HH, CASTRO RJSD. A multicomponent system based on a blend of agroindustrial wastes for the simultaneous production of industrially applicable enzymes by solid-state fermentation. FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2018. [DOI: 10.1590/1678-457x.17017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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12
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He B, Zhu X, Zhao C, Ma Y, Yang W. Sequential co-immobilization of β-glucosidase and yeast cells on single polymer support for bioethanol production. Sci China Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s11426-018-9319-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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13
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Zhu X, He B, Zhao C, Fan R, Zhang L, Wang G, Ma Y, Yang W. Net-Immobilization of β-glucosidase on Nonwoven Fabrics to Lower the Cost of "Cellulosic Ethanol" and Increase Cellulose Conversions. Sci Rep 2016; 6:23437. [PMID: 27009788 PMCID: PMC4806303 DOI: 10.1038/srep23437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2015] [Accepted: 03/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The main limitation preventing the use of enzymatic cellulosic ethanol in industrial production is its higher cost which is mainly due to the elevated price of β-glucosidase (BG). Herein, we report on a simple strategy for the in-situ encapsulation of BG for repeated cellulosic ethanol production. In this strategy, BG was net-immobilized into a poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) net-cloth layer on a PP nonwoven fabric by way of the visible light-induced surface controlled/living graft cross-linking polymerization. The visible light and mild reaction conditions could ensure the activity retention of BG during immobilization, while the non-swelling uniform net-mesh formed by living cross-linking polymerization could prevent the leakage of BG effectively (at the immobilization rate of more than 98.6% and the leakage rate of only 0.4%). When the BG-loaded fabric was used in combination with free cellulase (CEL), the results of the catalytic reaction demonstrated that these BG-loaded fabrics could not only give a 40% increase in cellulose conversions but also be reused for more than fifteen batches without losing the activity. These BG-loaded fabrics with characteristics including easy separation, excellent operation stability, a low cost of the polymeric matrix and a simple fabrication process are particularly interesting for a future bio-fuel production strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
- Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Bin He
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
- Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Changwen Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
- Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Rong Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
- Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Lihua Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
- Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Guan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
- Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Yuhong Ma
- Key Laboratory of Carbon Fiber and Functional Polymers, Ministry of Education, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Wantai Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
- Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
- Key Laboratory of Carbon Fiber and Functional Polymers, Ministry of Education, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
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Balcão VM, Vila MMDC. Structural and functional stabilization of protein entities: state-of-the-art. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2015; 93:25-41. [PMID: 25312675 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2014.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2013] [Revised: 08/03/2014] [Accepted: 10/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Within the context of biomedicine and pharmaceutical sciences, the issue of (therapeutic) protein stabilization assumes particular relevance. Stabilization of protein and protein-like molecules translates into preservation of both structure and functionality during storage and/or targeting, and such stabilization is mostly attained through establishment of a thermodynamic equilibrium with the (micro)environment. The basic thermodynamic principles that govern protein structural transitions and the interactions of the protein molecule with its (micro)environment are, therefore, tackled in a systematic fashion. Highlights are given to the major classes of (bio)therapeutic molecules, viz. enzymes, recombinant proteins, (macro)peptides, (monoclonal) antibodies and bacteriophages. Modification of the microenvironment of the biomolecule via multipoint covalent attachment onto a solid surface followed by hydrophilic polymer co-immobilization, or physical containment within nanocarriers, are some of the (latest) strategies discussed aiming at full structural and functional stabilization of said biomolecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor M Balcão
- LaBNUS - Biomaterials and Nanotechnology Laboratory, i(bs)(2) - intelligent biosensing and biomolecule stabilization research group, University of Sorocaba, Sorocaba, SP, Brazil; CEB - Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.
| | - Marta M D C Vila
- LaBNUS - Biomaterials and Nanotechnology Laboratory, i(bs)(2) - intelligent biosensing and biomolecule stabilization research group, University of Sorocaba, Sorocaba, SP, Brazil
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15
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Javed MR, Buthe A, Rashid MH, Wang P. Cost-efficient entrapment of β-glucosidase in nanoscale latex and silicone polymeric thin films for use as stable biocatalysts. Food Chem 2015. [PMID: 26213079 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2015.06.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
β-Glucosidase is an ubiquitous enzyme which has enormous biotechnological applications. Its deficiency in natural enzyme preparations is often overcome by exogenous supplementation, which further increases the enzyme utilization cost. Enzyme immobilization offers a potential solution through enzyme recycling and easy recovery. In the present work Aspergillus niger β-glucosidase is immobilized within nanoscale polymeric materials (polyurethane, latex and silicone), through entrapment, and subsequently coated onto a fibrous support. Highest apparent activity (90 U g(-1) polymer) was observed with latex, while highest entrapment efficiency (93%) was observed for the silicone matrix. Immobilization resulted in the thermo-stabilization of the β-glucosidase with an increase in optimum temperature and activation energy for cellobiose hydrolysis. Supplementation to cellulases also resulted in an increased cellulose hydrolysis, while retaining more than 70% functional stability. Hence, the current study describes novel preparations of immobilized β-glucosidase as highly stable and active catalysts for industrial food- and bio-processing applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Rizwan Javed
- Nanobiotechnology Lab, Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems Engineering, Biotechnology Institute, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA; Department of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Government College University Faisalabad (GCUF), Allama Iqbal Road, 38000 Faisalabad, Pakistan.
| | - Andreas Buthe
- c-LEcta GmbH, Perlickstraße 5, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Muhammad Hamid Rashid
- Industrial Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), Jhang Road, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Ping Wang
- Nanobiotechnology Lab, Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems Engineering, Biotechnology Institute, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA
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16
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Ye YH, Li C, Yang J, Ma L, Xiao Y, Hu J, Rajput NA, Gao CF, Zhang YY, Wang MH. Construction of an immobilised acetylcholinesterase column and its application in screening insecticidal constituents from Magnolia officinalis. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2015; 71:607-615. [PMID: 25228142 DOI: 10.1002/ps.3908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2013] [Revised: 07/01/2014] [Accepted: 09/09/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Application of a matrix-immobilised target enzyme for screening inhibitors is widely used in drug development, but there are few studies in insecticide discovery. In this paper, an economical and effective immobilised acetylcholinesterase (AChE) column was prepared using the sol-gel embedment method, which was further combined with high-performance liquid chromatography for screening the AChE inhibitors and insecticidal compounds from complex natural products. RESULTS AChE inhibitory constituents magnolol and honokiol were isolated from the ethanol extract of Magnolia officinalis, with IC50 values of 0.069 and 0.057 mM respectively. In an in vivo bioassay, magnolol and honokiol showed insecticidal activity against Nilaparvata lugens, with LC50 values of 0.324 and 0.137 mM, which are comparable with that of commonly used insecticide chlorpyrifos (0.233 mM). Moreover, molecular docking was carried out against a homology model of N. lugens AChE. The complexes showed that magnolol and honokiol placed themselves nicely into the active site of the enzyme and exhibited an interaction energy that was in accordance with our activity profile data. CONCLUSION These results demonstrate that magnolol and honokiol have great applied potential to be developed as natural insecticides, and an immobilised AChE column is very useful as a rapid screening tool for target enzymes towards potent inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Hao Ye
- College of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pesticide Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China; Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, Nanjing, China
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Teugjas H, Väljamäe P. Selecting β-glucosidases to support cellulases in cellulose saccharification. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2013; 6:105. [PMID: 23883540 PMCID: PMC3726394 DOI: 10.1186/1754-6834-6-105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2013] [Accepted: 07/11/2013] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Enzyme end-product inhibition is a major challenge in the hydrolysis of lignocellulose at a high dry matter consistency. β-glucosidases (BGs) hydrolyze cellobiose into two molecules of glucose, thereby relieving the product inhibition of cellobiohydrolases (CBHs). However, BG inhibition by glucose will eventually lead to the accumulation of cellobiose and the inhibition of CBHs. Therefore, the kinetic properties of candidate BGs must meet the requirements determined by both the kinetic properties of CBHs and the set-up of the hydrolysis process. RESULTS The kinetics of cellobiose hydrolysis and glucose inhibition of thermostable BGs from Acremonium thermophilum (AtBG3) and Thermoascus aurantiacus (TaBG3) was studied and compared to Aspergillus sp. BG purified from Novozyme®188 (N188BG). The most efficient cellobiose hydrolysis was achieved with TaBG3, followed by AtBG3 and N188BG, whereas the enzyme most sensitive to glucose inhibition was AtBG3, followed by TaBG3 and N188BG. The use of higher temperatures had an advantage in both increasing the catalytic efficiency and relieving the product inhibition of the enzymes. Our data, together with data from a literature survey, revealed a trade-off between the strength of glucose inhibition and the affinity for cellobiose; therefore, glucose-tolerant BGs tend to have low specificity constants for cellobiose hydrolysis. However, although a high specificity constant is always an advantage, in separate hydrolysis and fermentation, the priority may be given to a higher tolerance to glucose inhibition. CONCLUSIONS The specificity constant for cellobiose hydrolysis and the inhibition constant for glucose are the most important kinetic parameters in selecting BGs to support cellulases in cellulose hydrolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hele Teugjas
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu, Riia 23b – 202, 51010, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Priit Väljamäe
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu, Riia 23b – 202, 51010, Tartu, Estonia
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