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Mou L, Lu Y, Zhang J, Bilal M, Li J, Li G. Sodium alginate coating of Ginkgo biloba leaves extract containing phenylpropanoids as an ecofriendly preserving agent to maintain the quality of peach fruit. J Food Sci 2023; 88:3649-3665. [PMID: 37477272 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.16708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
Plant constituents are of great interest in the food processing industry as potential natural preservative agents for controlling foodborne pathogens. In this study, the 95% EtOH/H2 O extract of Ginkgo biloba leaves was separated using polarity extraction solvents with petroleum ether (PE), ethyl acetate (EA), n-butanol (nB), and water (W) by the principle of similarity and compatibility. Through TLC and NMR analysis of these extracts, it can be concluded that the main component of PE extract were organic acids, for EA extract were flavonoids, for nB extract were phenylpropanoids, and water extract were oligosaccharides. Twelve monomer compounds were separated from the extracts to verify the composition of each extraction stage. Results of morphological and molecular identification revealed that Monilinia fructicola and Rhizopus stolonifer were the main fungi causing peach rot. After evaluating the antifungal activity and peach quality of the four extract/sodium alginate coatings, it was found that the n-butanol extract/sodium alginate coating containing phenylpropanoids had the lowest decay index and the best preservation effect, providing a sustainable alternative to reduce the harm to the environment of synthetic preservatives. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: The abuse of synthetic preservatives poses a threat to the ecological environment and physical health. Therefore, this study developed sodium alginate coating of Ginkgo biloba leaves extract containing phenylpropanoids, which has good effects on the preservation of peaches. The agent is a promising environmentally friendly alternative for synthetic preservatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linyun Mou
- College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, P. R. China
- School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Ya Lu
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, P. R. China
| | - Jin Zhang
- College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, P. R. China
| | - Muhammad Bilal
- College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, P. R. China
| | - Jianlong Li
- School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Ganpeng Li
- Key Laboratory of Chemistry in Ethnic Medicinal Resources, State Ethnic Affairs Commission and Ministry of Education, Yunnan Minzu University, Kunming, P. R. China
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Guo J, Wu Y, Wang T, Xin Y, Wang G, Zhou Q, Xu LA. GbFLSa overexpression negatively regulates proanthocyanin biosynthesis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1093656. [PMID: 36875575 PMCID: PMC9975577 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1093656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Flavonoids are important secondary metabolites with extensive pharmacological functions. Ginkgo biloba L. (ginkgo) has attracted extensive attention because of its high flavonoid medicinal value. However, little is understood about ginkgo flavonol biosynthesis. Herein, we cloned the full-length gingko GbFLSa gene (1314 bp), which encodes a 363 amino acid protein that has a typical 2-oxoglutarate (2OG)-Fe(II) oxygenase region. Recombinant GbFLSa protein with a molecular mass of 41 kDa was expressed in Escherichia coli BL21(DE3). The protein was localized to the cytoplasm. Moreover, proanthocyanins, including catechin, epicatechin, epigallocatechin and gallocatechin, were significantly less abundant in transgenic poplar than in nontransgenic (CK) plants. In addition, dihydroflavonol 4-reductase, anthocyanidin synthase and leucoanthocyanidin reductase expression levels were significantly lower than those of their CK counterparts. GbFLSa thus encodes a functional protein that might negatively regulate proanthocyanin biosynthesis. This study helps elucidate the role of GbFLSa in plant metabolism and the potential molecular mechanism of flavonoid biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Guo
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yaqiong Wu
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China
- Department of Forest and Conservation Sciences, Faculty of Forestry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Tongli Wang
- Department of Forest and Conservation Sciences, Faculty of Forestry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Yue Xin
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Guibin Wang
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qi Zhou
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
- Forest Breeding Institute, Zhejiang Academy of Forestry, Hangzhou, China
| | - Li-An Xu
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
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Le V, Sukhikh A, Larichev T, Ivanova S, Prosekov A, Dmitrieva A. Isolation of the Main Biologically Active Substances and Phytochemical Analysis of Ginkgo biloba Callus Culture Extracts. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28041560. [PMID: 36838548 PMCID: PMC9966355 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28041560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The work reveals the results of studying the content of biologically active substances in samples of extracts of Ginkgo biloba callus cultures. Callus cultures grown in vitro on liquid nutrient media were the objects of the study. Considering various factors affecting the yield of the target components during extraction, the volume fraction of the organic modifier in the extracting mixture, the temperature factor, and the exposure time were identified as the main ones. The maximum yield of extractive substances (target biologically active substances with a degree of extraction of at least 50%) from the samples of callus culture extracts was detected at a ratio of extragent of 70% ethanol, a temperature of 50 °C, and exposure time of 6 h. Flavonoids, such as luteolin, quercetin, isoramentin, kaempferol, and amentoflavone, were isolated in the extract samples. As a result of column chromatography, fractions of individual biologically active substances (bilobalide, ginkgolide A, B, and C) were determined. The proposed schemes are focused on preserving the nativity while ensuring maximum purification from associated (ballast) components. Sorbents (Sephadex LH-20, poly-amide, silica gel) were used in successive stages of chromatography with rechromatography. The degree of purity of individually isolated substances was at least 95%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Violeta Le
- Natural Nutraceutical Biotesting Laboratory, Kemerovo State University, Kemerovo 650043, Russia
| | - Andrey Sukhikh
- Laboratory of Physico-Chemical Studies of Pharmacologically Active and Natural Compounds, Kemerovo State University, Kemerovo 650043, Russia
| | - Timothy Larichev
- Department of Fundamental and Applied Chemistry, Kemerovo State University, Kemerovo 650043, Russia
| | - Svetlana Ivanova
- Natural Nutraceutical Biotesting Laboratory, Kemerovo State University, Kemerovo 650043, Russia
- Department of General Mathematics and Informatics, Kemerovo State University, Kemerovo 650043, Russia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +7-384-239-6832
| | - Alexander Prosekov
- Laboratory of Biocatalysis, Kemerovo State University, Kemerovo 650043, Russia
| | - Anastasia Dmitrieva
- Natural Nutraceutical Biotesting Laboratory, Kemerovo State University, Kemerovo 650043, Russia
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Lei Z, Chen X, Cao F, Guo Q, Wang J. Efficient saccharification of Lycium barbarum leaf biomass by using enzyme cocktails produced by a novel fungus Aspergillus costaricensis LS18. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2022; 321:115969. [PMID: 36104882 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.115969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 07/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The utilization of agro-industrial residues is an interesting issue contributing to sustainable development and environmental protection. Lycium barbarum leaves (LBL) are agro-industrial residues of the L. barabrum berry cultivation and seriously underutilized, leading to resource waste and environmental pollution. In this study, we prepared cost-effective enzyme cocktails with high xylanase activity from a novel soil-derived fungal strain Aspergillus costaricensis LS18. The xylanase activity of these on-site produced enzyme cocktails was 3.49 ± 0.55 U/mL. Through the hydrolysis using the enzyme cocktails with 6% substrate loading at 45 °C for 12 h, 86.57 ± 1.81% of total reducing sugars (RS) from LBL was released. The concentration of RS in the hydrolysates reached 8.17 ± 0.33 mg/mL. In this study, LBL were added values by two mutually independent bioprocess ways. On the one hand, LBL were used as the only nutrients in the medium for the on-site production of enzyme cocktails by fermentation. On the other hand, through hydrolysis using this enzyme cocktail, LBL biomass was efficiently hydrolyzed and fermentable monosugars were gained. This study could benefit to the exploitation of LBL resources and provide the references for utilization of other agro-industrial residues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zilun Lei
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - Xianqiang Chen
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - Fuliang Cao
- Co-innovation Center for the Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - Qirong Guo
- Co-innovation Center for the Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - Jiahong Wang
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China; Co-innovation Center for the Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China; Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Procession of Forest Resources, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China.
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Zhao F, Huang S, Ge L, Wang Y, Liu Y, Chen C, Liu X, Han Q. Reducing toxic constituents of ginkgolic acid content and improving bioactive flavonoid content from Ginkgo biloba leaves by high-temperature pretreatment processing. Food Sci Nutr 2022; 11:838-852. [PMID: 36789039 PMCID: PMC9922130 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.3118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
High-temperature pretreatment was developed in this article to remove the main toxic constituents of ginkgolic acids (GAs) from Ginkgo biloba leaves (GBLs) and improve the bioactive flavonoid content by water extraction. To optimize the effects of high-temperature pretreatment process parameters on removing toxic GAs to a limited level and improving the content of bioactive flavonoids, a Box-Behnken design (BBD) combined with response surface methodology (RSM) was also conducted. The results showed that the content of GAs could be reduced to 4.11 ppm and the highest content of flavonoids could reach 3.51% under the optimized conditions of high-temperature pretreatment process of 177°C with water extraction at 96°C at a liquid-to-solid ratio of 56:1. The content of toxic GAs substantially decreased by 83.50% while the content of bioactive flavonoids increased by 44.30% compared with the conventional water extraction method. Moreover, the new process was more efficient, environmentally friendly, and could get avoid a subsequent multi-step process of removing toxic GAs. The crude extracts were then purified by macroporous resin to obtain the 60% ethanol fraction. After purification, the flavonoid content increased to 43.50% while the GAs were not detected. The main compounds of 60% ethanol fraction were identified by UPLC-QTOF-MS/MS. Antioxidant activities including reducing powder, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging, and OH· scavenging assays all showed that the 60% ethanol fraction was better than the butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) standard.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fen Zhao
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food AdditivesBeijing Technology and Business University (BTBU)BeijingChina
| | - Shan Huang
- Beijing Harmony Health Medical Diagnostics Co., Ltd.BeijingChina
| | - Liufeng Ge
- Inner Mongolia Xibei Restaurant Group Co., Ltd.BeijingChina
| | - Yongzhen Wang
- Beijing Science Sun Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.BeijingChina
| | - Yuwei Liu
- Zhongbai Xingye Food Technology (Beijing) Co., Ltd.BeijingChina
| | - Cunshe Chen
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food AdditivesBeijing Technology and Business University (BTBU)BeijingChina
| | - Xinqi Liu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food AdditivesBeijing Technology and Business University (BTBU)BeijingChina
| | - Qianwen Han
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food AdditivesBeijing Technology and Business University (BTBU)BeijingChina
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Li Z, Li Q. Ultrasonic-Assisted Efficient Extraction of Coumarins from Peucedanum decursivum (Miq.) Maxim Using Deep Eutectic Solvents Combined with an Enzyme Pretreatment. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27175715. [PMID: 36080482 PMCID: PMC9458171 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27175715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In this study, the ultrasonic-assisted extraction of total coumarins from Peucedanum decursivum (Miq.) Maxim (P. decursivum) via the combination of deep eutectic solvents (DESs) with cellulase pretreatment was carried out. Among the 15 kinds of DESs with choline chloride as hydrogen bond acceptors, the DES system of choline chloride/1,4-butanediol with a molar ratio of 1:4 showed the best extraction effect. First, single-factor experiments were performed using the following factors: liquid–solid ratio, pH, enzyme dosage and ultrasonic temperature. The Box–Behnken design (BBD) and response surface methodology (RSM) were employed to optimize the extraction conditions and obtain the following optimal parameter values for the extraction of coumarins from P. decursivum: liquid–solid ratio 14:1 mL/g, pH 5.0, enzyme dosage 0.2%, ultrasonic temperature 60 °C and ultrasonic time 50 min. Under these conditions, the extraction yield of total coumarins from P. decursivum could reach 2.65%, which was close to the predicted extraction yield of 2.68%. Furthermore, the contents of six coumarins, namely, umbelliferone, nodakenin, xanthotoxin, bergapten, imperatorin and decursin were determined to be 0.707 mg·g−1, 0.085 mg·g−1, 1.651 mg·g−1, 2.806 mg·g−1, 0.570 mg·g−1 and 0.449 mg·g−1, respectively, using HPLC-MS after the optimization. In addition, the cell fragmentation of P. decursivum powder obtained using ultrasonic-assisted DES extraction with enzyme pretreatment was found to be the most comprehensive using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), which indicated the highest extraction efficiency for P. decursivum. Finally, the in vitro antioxidant activity of the extracts was evaluated via radical scavenging with 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), which showed that ultrasonic-assisted DES extraction with enzyme pretreatment exhibited significant antioxidant activity with DPPH radical scavenging of up to 97.90%. This work developed a new and efficient extraction method for coumarins.
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Sivakumar PM, Prabhakar PK, Cetinel S, R N, Prabhawathi V. Molecular Insights on the Therapeutic Effect of Selected Flavonoids on Diabetic Neuropathy. Mini Rev Med Chem 2022; 22:1828-1846. [PMID: 35264089 DOI: 10.2174/1389557522666220309140855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
One of the common clinical complications of diabetes is diabetic neuropathy affecting the nervous system. Painful diabetic neuropathy is widespread and highly prevalent. At least 50% of diabetes patients develop diabetic neuropathy eventually. The four main types of diabetic neuropathy are peripheral neuropathy, autonomic neuropathy, proximal neuropathy (diabetic polyradiculopathy), and mononeuropathy (Focal neuropathy). Glucose control remains the common therapy for diabetic neuropathy due to limited knowledge on early biomarkers that are expressed during nerve damage, thereby limiting the cure through pharmacotherapy. Glucose control dramatically reduces the onset of neuropathy in type 1 diabetes but proves less effective in type 2 diabetes. Therefore, the focus is on various herbal remedies for prevention and treatment. There is numerous research on the use of anticonvulsants and antidepressants for the management of pain in diabetic neuropathy. Extensive research is being done on natural products including the isolation of pure compounds like flavonoids from plants and their effect on diabetic neuropathy. This review focuses on the use of an important of flavonoids such as flavanols (e.g., quercetin, rutin, kaempferol, and isorhamnetin), flavanones (e.g., hesperidin, naringenin and c,lass eriodictyol), and flavones (e.g., apigenin, luteolin, tangeretin, chrysin, and diosmin) for the prevention and treatment of diabetic neuropathy. The mechanisms of action of flavonoids against diabetic neuropathy by their antioxidant, anti-inflammation, anti-glycation properties, etc. are also covered in this review article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ponnurengam Malliappan Sivakumar
- Center for Molecular Biology, Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, 03 Quang Trung, Da Nang, Vietnam.
- Nanotechnology Research and Application Center (SUNUM), Sabanci University, Istanbul 34956, Turkey
| | | | - Sibel Cetinel
- Nanotechnology Research and Application Center (SUNUM), Sabanci University, Istanbul 34956, Turkey.
- Center of Excellence for Functional Surfaces and Interfaces for Nano Diagnostics (EFSUN), Sabanci University, Istanbul 34956, Turkey
| | - Neelakandan R
- Department of Textile Technology, Anna University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Veluchamy Prabhawathi
- Multidisciplinary Research Unit, Coimbatore Medical College, Coimbatore - 641014, Tamil Nadu, India
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Tong Y, Lv Y, Yu S, Lyu Y, Zhang L, Zhou J. Improving (2S)-naringenin production by exploring native precursor pathways and screening higher-active chalcone synthases from plants rich in flavonoids. Enzyme Microb Technol 2022; 156:109991. [DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2022.109991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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Preparation and aroma analysis of flavonoid-rich ginkgo seeds fermented using rice wine starter. FOOD BIOSCI 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2021.101459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Shen H, Zhang J, Guo C, Gao X, Chen J, Chang C, Han X, Wang L. Characterization and optimization of hydrothermal extraction of quercetin from
Quercus
leaves using response surface methodology. CAN J CHEM ENG 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/cjce.24196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Haoling Shen
- School of Chemical Engineering Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou China
| | - Jiaojiao Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou China
| | - Chensi Guo
- School of Chemical Engineering Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou China
| | - Xiangyu Gao
- School of Chemical Engineering Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou China
| | - Junying Chen
- School of Chemical Engineering Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou China
- Henan Center for Outstanding Overseas Scientists Zhengzhou China
| | - Chun Chang
- School of Chemical Engineering Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou China
- Henan Center for Outstanding Overseas Scientists Zhengzhou China
| | - Xiuli Han
- School of Chemical Engineering Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou China
- Henan Center for Outstanding Overseas Scientists Zhengzhou China
| | - Lijun Wang
- Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Design North Carolina A & T State University Greensboro North Carolina USA
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Wang J, Lei Z, Zhang Y, Lu W, Li S, Luo W, Song P. Saccharogenic refining of Ginkgo biloba leaf residues using a cost-effective enzyme cocktail prepared by the fungal strain A32 isolated from ancient ginkgo biloba tree. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2020; 317:123980. [PMID: 32795881 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.123980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Revised: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
To reduce environmental pollution and waste of biomass from Ginkgo biloba leaf residues (GBLRs), we developed a cost-effective enzyme system to hydrolyze GBLRs into available reducing sugars (RS). Biomass characteristics of GBLRs were investigated, which indicated that the acid hydrolyzed fraction was 49.43% of the dry weight of GBLRs. The fraction could be effectively converted into RS by an enzyme cocktail with high polygalacturonase activity without traditionally intricate pretreatment. The strain A32 isolated from the ancient ginkgo soil was used for the production of the enzyme cocktail, and a response surface methodology was used to optimize the enzymatic production. The enzyme cocktail released 87.2% of RS from GBLRs at 35 ℃ for 72 h with 1% (m/v) of loading, and the RS concentration arrived 8.95 ± 0.39 mg/ml with 9% of GBLRs loading. The cost-effective system of self-prepared enzyme cocktail is promising for facilitating GBLRs' bio-based industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahong Wang
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; Co-innovation Center for the Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China.
| | - Zilun Lei
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Yuxin Zhang
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Wenwen Lu
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Su Li
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Wen Luo
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Peipei Song
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
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Mu Y, Su W, Yu XT, Mu YC, Jiang L, Wang HL. Untargeted metabolomics based on GC-TOF-MS reveals the optimal pre-fermentation time for black glutinous rice wine. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD PROPERTIES 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/10942912.2019.1705481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Mu
- School of Liquor and Food Engineering, Guizhou University, Guizhou, China
| | - Wei Su
- School of Liquor and Food Engineering, Guizhou University, Guizhou, China
| | - Xiao-Ting Yu
- College of Life Sciences, Guizhou University, Guizhou, China
| | - Ying-Chun Mu
- School of Liquor and Food Engineering, Guizhou University, Guizhou, China
| | - Li Jiang
- School of Liquor and Food Engineering, Guizhou University, Guizhou, China
| | - Hong-Lin Wang
- School of Liquor and Food Engineering, Guizhou University, Guizhou, China
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Improvement of the Quality of Ginkgo biloba Leaves Fermented by Eurotium cristatum as High Value-Added Feed. Processes (Basel) 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/pr7090627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Ginkgo biloba leaves are well known for their high content of nutrients and bioactive substances. However, unpleasant smell and a small number of ginkgolic acids greatly reduce the utilization of the leaves. In this work, solid-state fermentation of G. biloba leaves using Eurotium cristatum was studied by investigation of the nutrient changes and its feasibility as a functional feed. E. cristatum could grow on pure G. biloba leaves and the addition of excipients could significantly improve the growth of E. cristatum. The optimal medium was with 10% (w/w) of whole G. biloba seeds and the optimized water content, pH, inoculum size and fermentation time were 45% (w/w), 4.5, 4.76 × 107 CFU/100 g wet medium, and eight days, respectively. Under the optimal conditions, the spore number increased by about 40 times. The content of flavonoids was greatly increased by 118.6%, and the protein and polyprenyl acetates (PPAs) were increased by 64.9% and 10.6%, respectively. The ginkgolic acids, lignin, and cellulose were decreased by 52.4%, 38.5%, and 20.1% than before, respectively. Furthermore, the fermented G. biloba leaves showed higher antioxidant activity and held more aroma substances. Thus, G. biloba leaves fermented by E. cristatum have potential as s high value-added feed. This is the first investigation of E. cristatum fermentation on ginkgo leaves, which will facilitate the use of ginkgo leaves in the feed industry.
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Wang J, Chen X, Chio C, Yang C, Su E, Jin Y, Cao F, Qin W. Delignification overmatches hemicellulose removal for improving hydrolysis of wheat straw using the enzyme cocktail from Aspergillus niger. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2019; 274:459-467. [PMID: 30553086 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2018.12.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Revised: 12/07/2018] [Accepted: 12/09/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Based on a general understanding that hemicellulose removal is more efficient than delignification for biomass deconstruction, an Aspergillus niger strain producing high xylanase activity was screened out from seventeen strains by clear halo experiments. Low-cost enzyme cocktail with high xylanase activity was produced from wheat straw medium fermented by the Gyx086 strain. The enzyme cocktail with high xylanase activity could more effectively hydrolyze wheat straw than other biomasses. However, only 30% of total carbohydrates could be hydrolyzed to reducing sugar in untreated wheat straw. Further enzymatic hydrolysis and pretreated trials were carried out, the results indicated that hemicellulose removal was less effective than delignification for de-recalcitrance of wheat straw and the crystallinity is little interference with the hydrolysis process. Delignified wheat straw was near-completely hydrolyzed by the enzyme cocktail in 60 h. This study advanced the knowledge in promoting wheat straw as feedstock for bio-based industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahong Wang
- Department of Food Science and Technology, College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; Department of Biology, Lakehead University, Ontario P7B 5E1, Canada; Co-innovation Center for the Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Xuntong Chen
- Department of Biology, Lakehead University, Ontario P7B 5E1, Canada
| | - Chonlong Chio
- Department of Biology, Lakehead University, Ontario P7B 5E1, Canada
| | - Chun Yang
- Department of Biology, Lakehead University, Ontario P7B 5E1, Canada; Institute of Agricultural Products Processing, Shanxi Academy of Agricultural Science, Tianyuan 030031, China
| | - Erzheng Su
- Department of Food Science and Technology, College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Yongcan Jin
- Department of Food Science and Technology, College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Fuliang Cao
- Co-innovation Center for the Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Wensheng Qin
- Department of Biology, Lakehead University, Ontario P7B 5E1, Canada.
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Huang Z, Zhang L, Wang Y, Gao H, Li X, Huang X, Huang T. Effects of rutin and its derivatives on citrinin production by Monascus aurantiacus Li AS3.4384 in liquid fermentation using different types of media. Food Chem 2019; 284:205-212. [PMID: 30744847 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.01.109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Revised: 12/09/2018] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The mycotoxin citrinin is often produced during fermentation of Monascus products. We studied the effects of flavonoids on citrinin production by Monascus aurantiacus Li AS3.4384 (MALA) by adding rutin, α-glucosylrutin, or troxerutin to the fermentation medium, in a first-of-its-kind study. Appropriate amounts of rutin, α-glucosylrutin, or troxerutin did not affect normal mycelial growth. Addition of 5.0 g/l of rutin only weakly reduced (29.2%) citrinin production, relative to inhibition by 5 g/l α-glucosylrutin or troxerutin (by 54.7% and 40.6%, respectively). In starch inorganic liquid culture media, addition of 20.0 g/l of troxerutin, followed by fermentation for 12 days, reduced citrinin yield by 75.26%. Addition of 15.0 g/l of troxerutin to low-starch peptone liquid fermentation media reduced citrinin yield by 87.9% after 14 days of fermentation, and addition of 30.0 g/l troxerutin to yeast extract sucrose liquid media for 12 days reduced citrinin yield by 53.7%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhibing Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, No. 235, Nanjing East Road, Nanchang 330047, China; Sino-German Joint Research Institute, Nanchang University, No. 235 Nanjing East Road, Nanchang 330047, China.
| | - Lijuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, No. 235, Nanjing East Road, Nanchang 330047, China; Sino-German Joint Research Institute, Nanchang University, No. 235 Nanjing East Road, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Yanling Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, No. 235, Nanjing East Road, Nanchang 330047, China; Sino-German Joint Research Institute, Nanchang University, No. 235 Nanjing East Road, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Heng Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, No. 235, Nanjing East Road, Nanchang 330047, China; Sino-German Joint Research Institute, Nanchang University, No. 235 Nanjing East Road, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Xiujiang Li
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang University, No. 17 Yongwai Main Street, Nanjing West Road, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Xinyu Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, No. 235, Nanjing East Road, Nanchang 330047, China; Sino-German Joint Research Institute, Nanchang University, No. 235 Nanjing East Road, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Ting Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, No. 235, Nanjing East Road, Nanchang 330047, China; Sino-German Joint Research Institute, Nanchang University, No. 235 Nanjing East Road, Nanchang 330047, China
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16
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Wang J, Chio C, Chen X, Su E, Cao F, Jin Y, Qin W. Efficient saccharification of agave biomass using Aspergillus niger produced low-cost enzyme cocktail with hyperactive pectinase activity. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2019; 272:26-33. [PMID: 30308404 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2018.09.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2018] [Revised: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 09/13/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
To develop a cost-effective, time-saving and efficient saccharification system for converting biomass into mono-/oligo-saccharides for production of bioethanol or other biochemicals, a relatively low recalcitrant and widely available biomass Agave americana was selected as feedstock. During the investigation of efficient enzyme cocktail, pectinase, which usually is neglect for biomass saccharification, was confirmed that it dramatically improves the saccharification of agave biomass. A production-friendly fungal strain of Aspergillus niger Gyx086 was employed for low-cost enzyme cocktails production using wheat straw as substance. The enzyme cocktail which was with hyperactive pectinase activity of 6.29 ± 0.42 U/ml could efficiently saccharify un-pretreated agave biomasses. As a result, under a mild condition at 35 °C in less than 72 h, most of the polysaccharides were completely converted into reducing sugar. The low-cost, process-simplified, and efficient biotechnology should stimulate the development of agave as feedstock for green energy and bio-based products production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahong Wang
- Department of Food Science and Technology, College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; Department of Biology, Lakehead University, Ontario P7B 5E1, Canada; Co-innovation Center for the Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Chonlong Chio
- Department of Biology, Lakehead University, Ontario P7B 5E1, Canada
| | - Xuntong Chen
- Department of Biology, Lakehead University, Ontario P7B 5E1, Canada
| | - Erzheng Su
- Department of Food Science and Technology, College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Fuliang Cao
- Co-innovation Center for the Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Yongcan Jin
- Department of Food Science and Technology, College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Wensheng Qin
- Department of Biology, Lakehead University, Ontario P7B 5E1, Canada.
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Wang J, Cao F, Zhu Z, Zhang X, Sheng Q, Qin W. Improvement of Quality and Digestibility of Moringa Oleifera Leaves Feed via Solid-State Fermentation by Aspergillus Niger. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL REACTOR ENGINEERING 2018. [DOI: 10.1515/ijcre-2018-0094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The Moringa oleifera leaf is an important source worldwide with a high nutritional value and functions in food and feed that may also treat a myriad of ailments but the leaf has low organoleptic properties and digestibility. To overcome this shortcoming, a novel Aspergillus niger was isolated from the Moringa leaf material. The fungal strain grows well on moist Moringa leaves and requires no additives. After performing a single factor test for temperature, moisture, inoculation size, and fermentation, the optimized condition was determined by using a response surface method, followed by a small-scale production test. The pleasant, sweet smelling aroma in the fermented leaves was then generated, supplementing than its native repulsive smell. The protein content and digestibility of the leaves increased by 23.4 % and 54.4 %, respectively; the direct-fed microbes reached up to 1.99 × 109 CFU per gram of fermented freeze-dried Moringa leaves. Digestive lignocellulolytic enzymes were substantially produced with 2.97 ± 0.24 U.g−1 of filter paper activity and 564.9 ± 37.4 U.g−1 of xylanase activity. Moreover, some functional components, such as flavonoids and γ-Aminobutyric acid content, were also significantly increased compared to that of the unfermented leaves. In conclusion, the feed quality and digestibility of Moringa oleifera leaves were greatly improved via solid-state fermentation by Aspergillus niger. Fermented Moringa oleifera can be used as a potentially high- quality feed alternative for the animal industry.
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18
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Wang J, Cao F, Su E, Zhao L, Qin W. Improvement of Animal Feed Additives of Ginkgo Leaves through Solid-state Fermentation using Aspergillus niger. Int J Biol Sci 2018; 14:736-747. [PMID: 29910684 PMCID: PMC6001676 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.24523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2017] [Accepted: 03/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
To improve the quality of Ginkgo biloba leaves as biological feed additives, twelve Aspergillus niger strains were evaluated for their growth in the moisture ginkgo leaf meal media through solid-state fermentation. The results relating to flavor, flavonoids, enzymes, crude protein, and reducing sugars showed A. niger Gyx086 strain was capable of efficiently fermenting ginkgo leaves. The optimal cultural conditions were three loops of spores inoculation to every 75 g medium containing 60 % water, grew at 28˚C for 48 h. The Gyx086 grew well in the medium. The fermented leaves generated a strong sweet-smelling odor, could be identified by electronic nose equipment using a cluster analysis, other than the original offensive smell from non-fermented ginkgo leaves. Each gram dried culture with Gyx086 showed 2.83 × 109 CFU of A. niger; 3.19 ± 0.37 FPU of acid-resistant filter paper activity. Its total contents of flavonoids, reducing sugars, and crude proteins were 19.95 ± 0.23 mg, 24.28 ± 2.35 mg, and 162.81 ± 3.46 mg in each gram of leaves, 26.03 %, 62.73 %, and 14.58 % higher than the controls, respectively. The essential amino acids and total amino acids contents were 96.41 % and 16.49 % higher than the controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahong Wang
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China.,Co-innovation Center for the Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China.,Department of Biology, Lakehead University, Ontario, P7B 5E1, Canada
| | - Fuliang Cao
- Co-innovation Center for the Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - Erzheng Su
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China.,Co-innovation Center for the Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - Linguo Zhao
- Co-innovation Center for the Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - Wensheng Qin
- Department of Biology, Lakehead University, Ontario, P7B 5E1, Canada
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19
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Su E, Yang M, Cao J, Lu C, Wang J, Cao F. Deep eutectic solvents as green media for efficient extraction of terpene trilactones from Ginkgo biloba leaves. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/10826076.2017.1309661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Erzheng Su
- Enzyme and Fermentation Technology Laboratory, College of Light Industry Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Meng Yang
- Enzyme and Fermentation Technology Laboratory, College of Light Industry Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jun Cao
- Enzyme and Fermentation Technology Laboratory, College of Light Industry Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chao Lu
- Enzyme and Fermentation Technology Laboratory, College of Light Industry Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiahong Wang
- Enzyme and Fermentation Technology Laboratory, College of Light Industry Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Fuliang Cao
- Co-innovation Center for the Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
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20
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Tao X, Fang Y, Huang MJ, Xiao Y, Liu Y, Ma XR, Zhao H. High flavonoid accompanied with high starch accumulation triggered by nutrient starvation in bioenergy crop duckweed (Landoltia punctata). BMC Genomics 2017; 18:166. [PMID: 28201992 PMCID: PMC5310006 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-017-3559-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2016] [Accepted: 02/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background As the fastest growing plant, duckweed can thrive on anthropogenic wastewater. The purple-backed duckweed, Landoltia punctata, is rich in starch and flavonoids. However, the molecular biological basis of high flavonoid and low lignin content remains largely unknown, as does the best method to combine nutrients removed from sewage and the utilization value improvement of duckweed biomass. Results A combined omics study was performed to investigate the biosynthesis of flavonoid and the metabolic flux changes in L. punctata grown in different culture medium. Phenylalanine metabolism related transcripts were identified and carefully analyzed. Expression quantification results showed that most of the flavonoid biosynthetic transcripts were relatively highly expressed, while most lignin-related transcripts were poorly expressed or failed to be detected by iTRAQ based proteomic analyses. This explains why duckweed has a much lower lignin percentage and higher flavonoid content than most other plants. Growing in distilled water, expression of most flavonoid-related transcripts were increased, while most were decreased in uniconazole treated L. punctata (1/6 × Hoagland + 800 mg•L-1 uniconazole). When L. punctata was cultivated in full nutrient medium (1/6 × Hoagland), more than half of these transcripts were increased, however others were suppressed. Metabolome results showed that a total of 20 flavonoid compounds were separated by HPLC in L. punctata grown in uniconazole and full nutrient medium. The quantities of all 20 compounds were decreased by uniconazole, while 11 were increased and 6 decreased when grown in full nutrient medium. Nutrient starvation resulted in an obvious purple accumulation on the underside of each frond. Conclusions The high flavonoid and low lignin content of L. punctata appears to be predominantly caused by the flavonoid-directed metabolic flux. Nutrient starvation is the best option to obtain high starch and flavonoid accumulation simultaneously in a short time for biofuels fermentation and natural products isolation. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12864-017-3559-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Tao
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China.,Key Laboratory of Environmental and Applied Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yang Fang
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.,Key Laboratory of Environmental and Applied Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Meng-Jun Huang
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.,Key Laboratory of Environmental and Applied Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, China.,College of Life Science & Forestry, Chongqing University of Art & Science, Yongchuan, Chongqing, 402160, China
| | - Yao Xiao
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China.,Key Laboratory of Environmental and Applied Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.,Key Laboratory of Environmental and Applied Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Xin-Rong Ma
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China. .,Key Laboratory of Environmental and Applied Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, China.
| | - Hai Zhao
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China. .,Key Laboratory of Environmental and Applied Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, China.
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21
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Natural products against Alzheimer's disease: Pharmaco-therapeutics and biotechnological interventions. Biotechnol Adv 2016; 35:178-216. [PMID: 28043897 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2016.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2015] [Revised: 12/19/2016] [Accepted: 12/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a severe, chronic and progressive neurodegenerative disease associated with memory and cognition impairment ultimately leading to death. It is the commonest reason of dementia in elderly populations mostly affecting beyond the age of 65. The pathogenesis is indicated by accumulation of the amyloid-beta (Aβ) plaques and neurofibrillary tangles (NFT) in brain tissues and hyperphosphorylation of tau protein in neurons. The main cause is considered to be the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) due to oxidative stress. The current treatment provides only symptomatic relief by offering temporary palliative therapy which declines the rate of cognitive impairment associated with AD. Inhibition of the enzyme acetylcholinesterase (AChE) is considered as one of the major therapeutic strategies offering only symptomatic relief and moderate disease-modifying effect. Other non-cholinergic therapeutic approaches include antioxidant and vitamin therapy, stem cell therapy, hormonal therapy, use of antihypertensive or lipid-lowering medications and selective phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibitors, inhibition of β-secretase and γ-secretase and Aβ aggregation, inhibition of tau hyperphosphorylation and intracellular NFT, use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), transition metal chelators, insulin resistance drugs, etanercept, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) etc. Medicinal plants have been reported for possible anti-AD activity in a number of preclinical and clinical trials. Ethnobotany, being popular in China and in the Far East and possibly less emphasized in Europe, plays a substantial role in the discovery of anti-AD agents from botanicals. Chinese Material Medica (CMM) involving Chinese medicinal plants has been used traditionally in China in the treatment of AD. Ayurveda has already provided numerous lead compounds in drug discovery and many of these are also undergoing clinical investigations. A number of medicinal plants either in their crude forms or as isolated compounds have exhibited to reduce the pathological features associated with AD. In this present review, an attempt has been made to elucidate the molecular mode of action of various plant extracts, phytochemicals and traditional herbal formulations investigated against AD as reported in various preclinical and clinical tests. Herbal synergism often found in polyherbal formulations were found effective to combat disease heterogeneity as found in complex pathogenesis of AD. Finally a note has been added to describe biotechnological improvement, genetic and genomic resources and mathematical and statistical techniques for empirical model building associated with anti-AD plant secondary metabolites and their source botanicals.
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García-Varela R, Fajardo Ramírez OR, Serna-Saldivar SO, Altamirano J, Cardineau GA. Cancer cell specific cytotoxic effect of Rhoeo discolor extracts and solvent fractions. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2016; 190:46-58. [PMID: 27235722 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2016.05.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2016] [Revised: 05/20/2016] [Accepted: 05/21/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Traditional or folk medicine has led to the discovery of important bioactive substances used in several health-related areas. Phytochemicals in Rhoeo discolor (R. discolor) extracts have proven to have important cancer cell specific cytotoxic activity. In the present research, we determined the cytotoxic effect of extracts of R. discolor, a plant commonly used in Mexico for both medicinal and ornamental purposes. AIM OF THE STUDY We evaluated the cytotoxic effects against three representative human cancer cell lines: HT-29 colon cancer, Hep-G2 liver cancer and PC-3 prostate cancer cell lines, as well as a control fibroblast cell line NIH 3T3. MATERIALS AND METHODS Ten different crude extracts were tested along with fractions derived from the five most bioactive crude extracts. Analytical data, HPLC-MS-TOF, revealed a high content of phenolic compounds such as anthocyanins, ferulic, vanillic, chlorogenic and p-coumaric acid in the extracts. Phenolic compounds have previously been reported as health beneficial with antioxidant and potential cancer specific cytotoxic effects. RESULTS Studies revealed that low concentrations of these crude bioactive extracts (10µg/ml) and their fractions (50µg/ml) were effective as cancer specific cytotoxic agents, since they caused a significant proliferation inhibition on cancer cell lines (up to 94.2% in HT-29, 92.9% in Hep-G2 and 61.8% in PC-3 of apoptosis induction) with little harm to the control cell line (no higher than 28.3% apoptosis induction), and, importantly, the most effective extracts were mainly water, methanol and ethanol based. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that a diet containing these compounds may function as a medical aid or chemoprotective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebeca García-Varela
- Centro de Biotecnología FEMSA, Tecnológico de Monterrey, Campus Monterrey, Av. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501 Sur, C.P. 64849 Monterrey, NL, México; Centro de Agrobiotecnología, Tecnológico de Monterrey, Campus Monterrey, Av. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501 Sur, C.P. 64849 Monterrey, NL, México
| | - Oscar Raúl Fajardo Ramírez
- Centro de Innovación y Transferida en Salud, Tecnológico de Monterrey, Campus Monterrey, Av. Morones Prieto No. 3000 Pte., Col. Los Doctores, C.P. 64710 Monterrey, NL, México
| | - Sergio O Serna-Saldivar
- Centro de Biotecnología FEMSA, Tecnológico de Monterrey, Campus Monterrey, Av. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501 Sur, C.P. 64849 Monterrey, NL, México; Instituto de Cardiología y Medicina Vascular, Escuela de Medicina, Tecnológico de Monterrey, Campus Monterrey, Batallón San Patricio 112 Col. Valle de San Agustín CP 66278, San Pedro Garza García, Nuevo León, México
| | - Julio Altamirano
- Instituto de Cardiología y Medicina Vascular, Escuela de Medicina, Tecnológico de Monterrey, Campus Monterrey, Batallón San Patricio 112 Col. Valle de San Agustín CP 66278, San Pedro Garza García, Nuevo León, México
| | - Guy A Cardineau
- Centro de Biotecnología FEMSA, Tecnológico de Monterrey, Campus Monterrey, Av. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501 Sur, C.P. 64849 Monterrey, NL, México; Centro de Agrobiotecnología, Tecnológico de Monterrey, Campus Monterrey, Av. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501 Sur, C.P. 64849 Monterrey, NL, México.
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García-Varela R, García-García RM, Barba-Dávila BA, Fajardo-Ramírez OR, Serna-Saldívar SO, Cardineau GA. Antimicrobial Activity of Rhoeo discolor Phenolic Rich Extracts Determined by Flow Cytometry. Molecules 2015; 20:18685-703. [PMID: 26473824 PMCID: PMC6331916 DOI: 10.3390/molecules201018685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2015] [Revised: 09/07/2015] [Accepted: 09/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Traditional medicine has led to the discovery of important active substances used in several health-related areas. Phytochemicals in Rhoeo discolor extracts have proven to have important antimicrobial activity. In the present study, our group determined the antimicrobial effects of extracts of Rhoeo discolor, a plant commonly used in Mexico for both medicinal and ornamental purposes. We evaluated the in vitro activity of phenolic rich extracts against specifically chosen microorganisms of human health importance by measuring their susceptibility via agar-disc diffusion assay and flow cytometry: Gram-positive Listeria innocua and Streptococcus mutans, Gram-negative Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and lastly a fungal pathogen Candida albicans. Ten different extracts were tested in eight different doses on all the microorganisms. Analytical data revealed a high content of phenolic compounds. Both agar-disc diffusion assay and flow cytometry results demonstrated that Pseudomonas aeruginosa was the least affected by extract exposure. However, low doses of these extracts (predominantly polar), in a range from 1 to 4 μg/mL, did produce a statistically significant bacteriostatic and bactericidal effect on the rest of the microorganisms. These results suggest the addition of certain natural extracts from Rhoeo discolor could act as antibacterial and antimycotic drugs or additives for foods and cosmetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebeca García-Varela
- Centro de Biotecnología FEMSA, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Campus Monterrey, Ave Eugenio Garza Sada 2501, Monterrey 64849, N.L., Mexico.
- Centro de Agrobiotecnología, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Campus Monterrey, Ave Eugenio Garza Sada 2501, Monterrey 64849, N.L., Mexico.
| | - Rebeca M García-García
- Centro de Biotecnología FEMSA, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Campus Monterrey, Ave Eugenio Garza Sada 2501, Monterrey 64849, N.L., Mexico.
| | - Bertha A Barba-Dávila
- Centro de Biotecnología FEMSA, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Campus Monterrey, Ave Eugenio Garza Sada 2501, Monterrey 64849, N.L., Mexico.
| | - Oscar R Fajardo-Ramírez
- Centro de Innovación y Transferida en Salud, Escuela de Medicina, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Campus Monterrey, Ave Morones Prieto No. 3000 Pte., Col. Los Doctores, C.P. Monterrey 64710, N.L., Mexico.
| | - Sergio O Serna-Saldívar
- Centro de Biotecnología FEMSA, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Campus Monterrey, Ave Eugenio Garza Sada 2501, Monterrey 64849, N.L., Mexico.
| | - Guy A Cardineau
- Centro de Biotecnología FEMSA, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Campus Monterrey, Ave Eugenio Garza Sada 2501, Monterrey 64849, N.L., Mexico.
- Centro de Agrobiotecnología, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Campus Monterrey, Ave Eugenio Garza Sada 2501, Monterrey 64849, N.L., Mexico.
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Advancement in the chemical analysis and quality control of flavonoid in Ginkgo biloba. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2015; 113:212-25. [PMID: 25812435 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2015.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2014] [Revised: 03/04/2015] [Accepted: 03/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Flavonoids are the main active constituents in Ginkgo biloba L., which have been suggested to have broad-spectrum free-radical scavenging activities. This review summarizes the recent advances in the chemical analysis of the flavonoids in G. biloba and its finished products (from 2009 to 2014), including chemical composition, sample preparation, separation, detection and different quality criteria. More than 70 kinds of flavonoids have been identified in this plant. In this review, various analytical approaches as well as their chromatographic conditions have been described, and their advantages/disadvantages are also compared. Quantitative analyses of Ginkgo flavonoids applied by most pharmacopeias start with an acidic hydrolysis followed by determination of the resulting aglycones using HPLC. But increasing direct assay of individual flavonol glycosides found that many adulterated products were still qualified by the present tests. To obtain an authentic and applicable analytical approach for quality evaluation of Ginkgo and its finished products, related suggestions and opinions in the recent publications are mainly discussed in this review. This discussion on chemical analyses of Ginkgo flavonoids will also be found as a significant guide for widely varied natural flavonoids.
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Transport of ginkgolides with different lipophilicities based on an hCMEC/D3 cell monolayer as a blood–brain barrier cell model. Life Sci 2014; 114:93-101. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2014.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2014] [Revised: 08/07/2014] [Accepted: 08/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Qiu W, Zhang W, Chen H. Flavonoid-rich plants used as sole substrate to induce the solid-state fermentation of laccase. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2014; 172:3583-92. [PMID: 24557954 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-014-0774-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2013] [Accepted: 02/03/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
High cost becomes the major obstacle for the industrial application of laccase. Many approaches have been applied to enhance the yield and decrease the cost of laccase. Since flavonoids are the natural inducers for laccase production, in this article, flavonoid-rich plants were taken as the sole substrate for the solid-state fermentation of Funalia trogii (Cui 3676). It indicated that flavonoid-rich plants can effectively promote the production of F. trogii laccase without the addition of inducers. The laccase activity was 42.5 IU g(-1) substrate when kudzu vine root was used as the substrate, which was enhanced by 4.46 times than that when bran was used as the substrate. Meanwhile, the solid-state fermentation of laccase could enrich flavonoids, benefiting their extraction. The content of flavonoids extracted from fermented kudzu vine root and Ginkgo biloba leaves was enhanced by 56.41 and 24.11 %, respectively, compared to the unfermented substrate, and the relative reductive ability and scavenging ability of hydroxyl radicals of flavonoids in the fermented residues were essentially unchanged. Thus, flavonoid-rich plants will become a kind of potential substrate for laccase fermentation which is beneficial in enhancing the yield and reducing the cost of laccase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weihua Qiu
- National Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
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