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Santacroce L, Bottalico L, Charitos IA, Castellaneta F, Gaxhja E, Topi S, Palmirotta R, Jirillo E. Exploitation of Natural By-Products for the Promotion of Healthy Outcomes in Humans: Special Focus on Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Mechanisms and Modulation of the Gut Microbiota. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:796. [PMID: 39061865 PMCID: PMC11273986 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13070796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2024] [Revised: 06/27/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Daily, a lot of food is wasted, and vegetables, fruit, and cereals as well as marine products represent the major sources of unwanted by-products. The sustainability, waste recovery, and revalorization of food by-products have been proposed as the main goals of the so-called circular economy. In fact, food wastes are enriched in by-products endowed with beneficial effects on human health. Grape, olives, vegetables, and rice contain different compounds, such as polyphenols, dietary fibers, polysaccharides, vitamins, and proteins, which exert antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities, inhibiting pro-oxidant genes and the Nuclear Factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-kβ) pathway, as demonstrated by in vitro and in vivo experiments. Dietary fibers act upon the gut microbiota, expanding beneficial bacteria, which contribute to healthy outcomes. Furthermore, marine foods, even including microalgae, arthropods, and wastes of fish, are rich in carotenoids, polyphenols, polyunsaturated fatty acids, proteins, and chitooligosaccharides, which afford antioxidant and anti-inflammatory protection. The present review will cover the major by-products derived from food wastes, describing the mechanisms of action involved in the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities, as well as the modulation of the gut microbiota. The effects of some by-products have also been explored in clinical trials, while others, such as marine by-products, need more investigation for their full exploitation as bioactive compounds in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Santacroce
- Section of Microbiology and Virology, Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70124 Bari, Italy; (R.P.); (E.J.)
| | - Lucrezia Bottalico
- Department of Clinical Disciplines, University ‘Alexander Xhuvani’ of Elbasan, 3001 Elbasan, Albania (E.G.); (S.T.)
| | - Ioannis Alexandros Charitos
- Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, Pneumology and Respiratory Rehabilitation Unit, Institute of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy;
| | - Francesca Castellaneta
- School of Clinical Biochemistry and Pathology, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Elona Gaxhja
- Department of Clinical Disciplines, University ‘Alexander Xhuvani’ of Elbasan, 3001 Elbasan, Albania (E.G.); (S.T.)
| | - Skender Topi
- Department of Clinical Disciplines, University ‘Alexander Xhuvani’ of Elbasan, 3001 Elbasan, Albania (E.G.); (S.T.)
| | - Raffaele Palmirotta
- Section of Microbiology and Virology, Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70124 Bari, Italy; (R.P.); (E.J.)
| | - Emilio Jirillo
- Section of Microbiology and Virology, Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70124 Bari, Italy; (R.P.); (E.J.)
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Agrawal R, Jurel P, Deshmukh R, Harwansh RK, Garg A, Kumar A, Singh S, Guru A, Kumar A, Kumarasamy V. Emerging Trends in the Treatment of Skin Disorders by Herbal Drugs: Traditional and Nanotechnological Approach. Pharmaceutics 2024; 16:869. [PMID: 39065566 PMCID: PMC11279890 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16070869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2024] [Revised: 06/21/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Since the earliest days, people have been employing herbal treatments extensively around the world. The development of phytochemical and phytopharmacological sciences has made it possible to understand the chemical composition and biological properties of a number of medicinal plant products. Due to certain challenges like large molecular weight and low bioavailability, some components of herbal extracts are not utilized for therapeutic purposes. It has been suggested that herbal medicine and nanotechnology can be combined to enhance the benefits of plant extracts by lowering dosage requirements and adverse effects and increasing therapeutic activity. Using nanotechnology, the active ingredient can be delivered in an adequate concentration and transported to the targeted site of action. Conventional therapy does not fulfill these requirements. This review focuses on different skin diseases and nanotechnology-based herbal medicines that have been utilized to treat them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rutvi Agrawal
- Rajiv Academy for Pharmacy, Mathura 281001, Uttar Pradesh, India; (R.A.); (A.G.)
| | - Priyanka Jurel
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, GLA University, Mathura 281406, Uttar Pradesh, India; (P.J.); (R.D.); (R.K.H.)
| | - Rohitas Deshmukh
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, GLA University, Mathura 281406, Uttar Pradesh, India; (P.J.); (R.D.); (R.K.H.)
| | - Ranjit Kumar Harwansh
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, GLA University, Mathura 281406, Uttar Pradesh, India; (P.J.); (R.D.); (R.K.H.)
| | - Akash Garg
- Rajiv Academy for Pharmacy, Mathura 281001, Uttar Pradesh, India; (R.A.); (A.G.)
| | - Ashwini Kumar
- Research and Development Cell, Department of Mechanical Engineering, School of Engineering and Technology, Manav Rachna International Institute of Research and Studies, Faridabad 121003, Haryana, India;
| | - Sudarshan Singh
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand;
- Office of Research Administration, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Ajay Guru
- Department of Cariology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai 600077, Tamil Nadu, India;
| | - Arun Kumar
- School of Pharmacy, Sharda University, Greater Noida 201306, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Vinoth Kumarasamy
- Department of Parasitology and Medical Entomology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
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3
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Mota J, Faria-Silva C, Resendes A, Santos MI, Carvalheiro MC, Lima A, Simões S. Silymarin inhibits dermal gelatinolytic activity and reduces cutaneous inflammation. Nat Prod Res 2024:1-12. [PMID: 38684022 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2024.2347452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
Milk thistle (Silybum marianum) is well-known for its antioxidant activity due to the presence of silymarin. Albeit some studies show a potential for skin inflammation, its activity against dermal MMP-9 and MMP-2 remains to be studied. Silymarin isolated from an S. marianum herbal extract was tested for gelatinase inhibition in the presence of isolated MMP-9 and in dermal adenocarcinome HaCaT cells. Silymarin was then further tested in vivo, using a cutaneous inflammation mice model mediated by reactive oxygen species. Silymarin was able to significantly inhibit gelatinolytic activity in vitro without impairing cell growth and viability. Furthermore, inhibition was more pronounced in cells than with the isolated gelatinase, suggesting an additional effect upon metabolic pathways. In vivo, silymarin was able to reduce ear edema up to 74% and attenuated histological lesions. Results highlight silymarin potential for application in skin inflammatory disorders via gelatinase inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana Mota
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Lusófona University, Lisbon, Portugal
- LEAF-Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food Research Center, Associate Laboratory TERRA, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Tapada da Ajuda, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Catarina Faria-Silva
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Ana Resendes
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Lusófona University, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Maria Isabel Santos
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Lusófona University, Lisbon, Portugal
- LEAF-Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food Research Center, Associate Laboratory TERRA, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Tapada da Ajuda, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Manuela Colla Carvalheiro
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Ana Lima
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Lusófona University, Lisbon, Portugal
- LEAF-Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food Research Center, Associate Laboratory TERRA, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Tapada da Ajuda, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Sandra Simões
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
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Touitou E, Natsheh H. The Evolution of Emerging Nanovesicle Technologies for Enhanced Delivery of Molecules into and across the Skin. Pharmaceutics 2024; 16:267. [PMID: 38399321 PMCID: PMC10892037 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16020267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
This review focuses on nanovesicular carriers for enhanced delivery of molecules into and across the skin, from their design to recent emerging technologies. During the last four decades, several approaches have been used aiming to design new nanovesicles, some of them by altering the properties of the classic phospholipid vesicle, the liposome. Phospholipid nanovesicular systems, including the phospholipid soft vesicles as well as the non-phospholipid vesicular carries, are reviewed. The altered nanovesicles have served in the manufacture of various cosmetic products and have been investigated and used for the treatment of a wide variety of skin conditions. The evolution and recent advances of these nanovesicular technologies are highlighted in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elka Touitou
- The Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Ein Kerem, P.O. Box 12065, Jerusalem 9112102, Israel;
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5
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Flieger J, Raszewska-Famielec M, Radzikowska-Büchner E, Flieger W. Skin Protection by Carotenoid Pigments. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1431. [PMID: 38338710 PMCID: PMC10855854 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25031431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Sunlight, despite its benefits, can pose a threat to the skin, which is a natural protective barrier. Phototoxicity caused by overexposure, especially to ultraviolet radiation (UVR), results in burns, accelerates photoaging, and causes skin cancer formation. Natural substances of plant origin, i.e., polyphenols, flavonoids, and photosynthetic pigments, can protect the skin against the effects of radiation, acting not only as photoprotectors like natural filters but as antioxidant and anti-inflammatory remedies, alleviating the effects of photodamage to the skin. Plant-based formulations are gaining popularity as an attractive alternative to synthetic filters. Over the past 20 years, a large number of studies have been published to assess the photoprotective effects of natural plant products, primarily through their antioxidant, antimutagenic, and anti-immunosuppressive activities. This review selects the most important data on skin photodamage and photoprotective efficacy of selected plant carotenoid representatives from in vivo studies on animal models and humans, as well as in vitro experiments performed on fibroblast and keratinocyte cell lines. Recent research on carotenoids associated with lipid nanoparticles, nanoemulsions, liposomes, and micelles is reviewed. The focus was on collecting those nanomaterials that serve to improve the bioavailability and stability of carotenoids as natural antioxidants with photoprotective activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jolanta Flieger
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 4A, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Magdalena Raszewska-Famielec
- Faculty of Physical Education and Health, University of Physicl Education, Akademicka 2, 21-500 Biała Podlaska, Poland;
| | - Elżbieta Radzikowska-Büchner
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Maxillary Surgery, National Medical Institute of the Ministry of the Interior and Administration, Wołoska 137 Street, 02-507 Warszawa, Poland;
| | - Wojciech Flieger
- Chair and Department of Anatomy, Medical University of Lublin, K. Jaczewskiego 4, 20-090 Lublin, Poland;
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6
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Coelho MC, Rodrigues AS, Teixeira JA, Pintado ME. Integral valorisation of tomato by-products towards bioactive compounds recovery: Human health benefits. Food Chem 2023; 410:135319. [PMID: 36634564 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.135319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 12/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The tomato processing industry is one of the world's most important markets. This industry aims to optimise production, minimise energy costs and waste streams while ensuring high-quality products. This sector produces substantial amounts of by-products frequently disposed of as waste rather than reintroducing them with a new intent into the supply chain. However, these by-products are rich in bioactive compounds (BC), including carotenoids, fibre, which exhibit antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and chemopreventive properties, and cardiovascular protection. Reusing these compounds is favourable to reducing the environmental impact and enables the development of added-value products with various possible uses such as food and feed additives, nutraceuticals, cosmeceuticals, etc. This review summarises relevant issues towards the recovery and valorisation of BC from industrial tomato by-products within a circular economy context.
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Affiliation(s)
- M C Coelho
- Universidade Católica Portuguesa, CBQF - Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina - Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal
| | - A S Rodrigues
- Centre for Toxicogenomics and Human Health, Genetics, Oncology and Human Toxicology, NOVA Medical School/Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - J A Teixeira
- CEB - Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; LABBELS - Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - M E Pintado
- Universidade Católica Portuguesa, CBQF - Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina - Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal.
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7
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Crupi P, Faienza MF, Naeem MY, Corbo F, Clodoveo ML, Muraglia M. Overview of the Potential Beneficial Effects of Carotenoids on Consumer Health and Well-Being. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12051069. [PMID: 37237935 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12051069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Well-known experimental research demonstrates that oxidative stress is the leading cause of the onset and progression of major human health disorders such as cardiovascular, neurological, metabolic, and cancer diseases. A high concentration of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nitrogen species leads to damage of proteins, lipids, and DNA associated with susceptibility to chronic human degenerative disorders. Biological and pharmaceutical investigations have recently focused on exploring both oxidative stress and its defense mechanisms to manage health disorders. Therefore, in recent years there has been considerable interest in bioactive food plant compounds as naturally occurring antioxidant sources able to prevent, reverse, and/or reduce susceptibility to chronic disease. To contribute to this research aim, herein, we reviewed the beneficial effects of carotenoids on human health. Carotenoids are bioactive compounds widely existing in natural fruits and vegetables. Increasing research has confirmed that carotenoids have various biological activities, such as antioxidant, anti-tumor, anti-diabetic, anti-aging, and anti-inflammatory activities. This paper presents an overview of the latest research progress on the biochemistry and preventative and therapeutic benefits of carotenoids, particularly lycopene, in promoting human health. This review could be a starting point for improving the research and investigation of carotenoids as possible ingredients of functional health foods and nutraceuticals in the fields of healthy products, cosmetics, medicine, and the chemical industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pasquale Crupi
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Maria Felicia Faienza
- Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area, University of Bari, "Aldo Moro", 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Muhammad Yasir Naeem
- Department of Plant Production and Technologies, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technologies, Nigde Omer Halisdemir University, Nigde 51240, Turkey
| | - Filomena Corbo
- Department of Pharmacy-Drug Sciences, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Maria Lisa Clodoveo
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Marilena Muraglia
- Department of Pharmacy-Drug Sciences, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", 70125 Bari, Italy
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8
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Shinde P, Page A, Bhattacharya S. Ethosomes and their monotonous effects on Skin cancer disruption. FRONTIERS IN NANOTECHNOLOGY 2023. [DOI: 10.3389/fnano.2023.1087413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Skin cancer is one of the most prominent diseases, affecting all continents worldwide, and has shown a significant rise in mortality and prevalence. Conventional therapy, including chemotherapy and surgery, has a few drawbacks. The ethosomal systems would be thoroughly reviewed in this compilation, and they would be classified based on constituents: classical ethosomes, binary ethosomes, and transethosomes. Ethosomes systems are model lipid vesicular carriers with a substantial portion of ethanol. The impacts of ethosomal system components, preparation techniques, and their major roles in selecting the final characteristics of these nanocarriers are comprehensively reviewed in this chapter. The special techniques for ethosomes, including the cold approach, hot approach, injection method, mechanical dispersion method, and conventional method, are explained in this chapter. Various evaluation parameters of ethosomes were also explained. Furthermore, ethosomal gels, patches, and creams can be emphasised as innovative pharmaceutical drug formulations. Some hybrid ethosomal vesicles possessing combinatorial cancer therapy using nanomedicine could overcome the current drug resistance of specific cancer cells. Through the use of repurpose therapy, phytoconstituents may be delivered more effectively. A wide range of in vivo models are employed to assess their effectiveness. Ethosomes have provided numerous potential skin cancer therapeutic approaches in the future.
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9
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Oyarzún P, Gallardo-Toledo E, Morales J, Arriagada F. Transfersomes as alternative topical nanodosage forms for the treatment of skin disorders. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2021; 16:2465-2489. [PMID: 34706575 DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2021-0335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Topical drug delivery is a promising approach to treat different skin disorders. However, it remains a challenge mainly due to the nature and rigidity of the nanosystems, which limit deep skin penetration, and the unsuccessful demonstration of clinical benefits; greater penetration by itself, does not ensure pharmacological success. In this context, transfersomes have appeared as promising nanosystems; deformability, their unique characteristic, allows them to pass through the epidermal microenvironment, improving the skin drug delivery. This review focuses on the comparison of transfersomes with other nanosystems (e.g., liposomes), discusses recent therapeutic applications for the topical treatment of different skin disorders and highlights the need for further studies to demonstrate significant clinical benefits of transfersomes compared with conventional therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Oyarzún
- Instituto de Farmacia, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, 5090000, Chile
| | - Eduardo Gallardo-Toledo
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, 8380494, Chile
| | - Javier Morales
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, 8380494, Chile
| | - Francisco Arriagada
- Instituto de Farmacia, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, 5090000, Chile
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10
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Romes NB, Abdul Wahab R, Abdul Hamid M. The role of bioactive phytoconstituents-loaded nanoemulsions for skin improvement: a review. BIOTECHNOL BIOTEC EQ 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/13102818.2021.1915869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Nissha Bharrathi Romes
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, UTM, Johor Bahru, Malaysia
- Enzyme Technology and Green Synthesis Group, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, UTM, Johor Bahru, Malaysia
- School of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, UTM, Johor Bahru, Malaysia
| | - Roswanira Abdul Wahab
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, UTM, Johor Bahru, Malaysia
- Enzyme Technology and Green Synthesis Group, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, UTM, Johor Bahru, Malaysia
| | - Mariani Abdul Hamid
- School of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, UTM, Johor Bahru, Malaysia
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Costa C, Liu Z, Simões SI, Correia A, Rahikkala A, Seitsonen J, Ruokolainen J, Aguiar-Ricardo A, Santos HA, Corvo ML. One-step microfluidics production of enzyme-loaded liposomes for the treatment of inflammatory diseases. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2021; 199:111556. [PMID: 33421927 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2020.111556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Revised: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The biopharmaceuticals market is constantly growing. Despite their advantages over the conventional drugs, biopharmaceuticals have short biological half-lifes, which can be increased using liposomes. However, the common bulk methods to produce biopharmaceuticals-loaded liposomes result in lost of encapsulation efficiency (E.E.), resulting in an expensive process. Herein, the encapsulation of a therapeutic enzyme in liposomes is proposed, using a glass-capillary microfluidic technique. Cu,Zn- Superoxide dismutase (SOD) is successfully encapsulated into liposomes (SOD@Liposomes). SOD@Liposomes with a mean size of 135 ± 41 nm, a polydispersity index of 0.13 ± 0.01, an E.E. of 59 ± 6 % and an enzyme activity of 82 ± 3 % are obtained. in vivo experiments show, through an ear edema model, that SOD@Liposomes administered by the intravenous route enable an edema inhibition of 65 % ± 8 %, over the 20 % ± 13 % of SOD in its free form. The histopathological analyses show a higher inflammatory cell accumulation on the ear treated with SOD in its free form, than treated with SOD@Liposomes. Overall, this work highlights the potential of microfluidics for the production of enzyme-loaded liposomes with high encapsulation efficiency, with the intrinsic advantages of the low time-consuming and easily upscaling microfluidic assembly method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clarinda Costa
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, FI-00014, Finland; LAQV, REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516, Caparica, Portugal; Instituto de Investigação do Medicamento (iMed.ULisboa), Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Professor Gama Pinto, 1649-003, Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - Zehua Liu
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, FI-00014, Finland.
| | - Sandra I Simões
- Nanostructured Systems for Overcoming Biological Barriers Group of iMed.ULisboa, Research Institute for Medicines, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - Alexandra Correia
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, FI-00014, Finland.
| | - Antti Rahikkala
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, FI-00014, Finland.
| | - Jani Seitsonen
- Nanomicroscopy Center, Aalto University, Aalto, 00076, Finland.
| | | | - Ana Aguiar-Ricardo
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516, Caparica, Portugal.
| | - Hélder A Santos
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, FI-00014, Finland; Helsinki Institute of Life Science (HiLIFE), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, FI-00014, Finland.
| | - M Luísa Corvo
- Instituto de Investigação do Medicamento (iMed.ULisboa), Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Professor Gama Pinto, 1649-003, Lisboa, Portugal.
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12
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Mota AH, Duarte N, Serra AT, Ferreira A, Bronze MR, Custódio L, Gaspar MM, Simões S, Rijo P, Ascensão L, Faísca P, Viana AS, Pinto R, Kumar P, Almeida AJ, Reis CP. Further Evidence of Possible Therapeutic Uses of Sambucus nigra L. Extracts by the Assessment of the In Vitro and In Vivo Anti-Inflammatory Properties of Its PLGA and PCL-Based Nanoformulations. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:E1181. [PMID: 33291738 PMCID: PMC7761993 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12121181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Revised: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Sambucus nigra L. is widely used in traditional medicine with different applications. However, confirmative studies are strongly required. This study aimed to assess the biological activities of the S. nigra flower's extract encapsulated into two different types of nanoparticles for optimizing its properties and producing further evidence of its potential therapeutic uses. Different nanoparticles (poly(lactide-co-glycolide, PLGA) and poly-Ɛ-caprolactone (PCL), both with oleic acid, were prepared by emulsification/solvent diffusion and solvent-displacement methods, respectively. Oleic acid was used as a capping agent. After the nanoparticles' preparation, they were characterized and the biological activities were studied in terms of collagenase, in vitro and in vivo anti-inflammatory, and in vitro cell viability. Rutin and naringenin were found to be the major phenolic compounds in the studied extract. The encapsulation efficiency was higher than 76% and revealed to have an impact on the release of the extract, mainly for the PLGA. Moreover, biochemical and histopathological analyses confirmed that the extract-loaded PLGA-based nanoparticles displayed the highest anti-inflammatory activity. In addition to supporting the previously reported evidence of potential therapeutic uses of S. nigra, these results could draw the pharmaceutical industry's interest to the novelty of the nanoproducts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Henriques Mota
- iMED, ULisboa, Research Institute for Medicines, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal; (A.H.M.); (N.D.); (M.R.B.); (M.M.G.); (S.S.); (P.R.); (R.P.); (A.J.A.)
| | - Noélia Duarte
- iMED, ULisboa, Research Institute for Medicines, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal; (A.H.M.); (N.D.); (M.R.B.); (M.M.G.); (S.S.); (P.R.); (R.P.); (A.J.A.)
| | - Ana Teresa Serra
- IBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Av. da República, Estação Agronómica, Apartado 12, 2780-901 Oeiras, Portugal; (A.T.S.); (A.F.)
| | - António Ferreira
- IBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Av. da República, Estação Agronómica, Apartado 12, 2780-901 Oeiras, Portugal; (A.T.S.); (A.F.)
| | - Maria Rosário Bronze
- iMED, ULisboa, Research Institute for Medicines, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal; (A.H.M.); (N.D.); (M.R.B.); (M.M.G.); (S.S.); (P.R.); (R.P.); (A.J.A.)
- IBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Av. da República, Estação Agronómica, Apartado 12, 2780-901 Oeiras, Portugal; (A.T.S.); (A.F.)
| | - Luísa Custódio
- Centre of Marine Sciences, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Algarve, Ed. 7, Campus of Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal;
| | - Maria Manuela Gaspar
- iMED, ULisboa, Research Institute for Medicines, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal; (A.H.M.); (N.D.); (M.R.B.); (M.M.G.); (S.S.); (P.R.); (R.P.); (A.J.A.)
| | - Sandra Simões
- iMED, ULisboa, Research Institute for Medicines, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal; (A.H.M.); (N.D.); (M.R.B.); (M.M.G.); (S.S.); (P.R.); (R.P.); (A.J.A.)
| | - Patrícia Rijo
- iMED, ULisboa, Research Institute for Medicines, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal; (A.H.M.); (N.D.); (M.R.B.); (M.M.G.); (S.S.); (P.R.); (R.P.); (A.J.A.)
| | - Lia Ascensão
- Centro de Estudos do Ambiente e do Mar (CESAM), Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal;
| | - Pedro Faísca
- Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária—Universidade Lusófona de Humanidades e Tecnologias/DNAtech Laboratório Veterinário, Campo Grande 376, 1749-024 Lisboa, Portugal;
| | - Ana Silveira Viana
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal;
| | - Rui Pinto
- iMED, ULisboa, Research Institute for Medicines, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal; (A.H.M.); (N.D.); (M.R.B.); (M.M.G.); (S.S.); (P.R.); (R.P.); (A.J.A.)
- Joaquim Chaves Saude. Dr. Joaquim Chaves, Laboratório de Análises Clínicas, 1495-068 Miraflores-Algés, Portugal
| | - Pradeep Kumar
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, School of Therapeutic Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, 7 York Road, Parktown 2193, South Africa;
| | - António José Almeida
- iMED, ULisboa, Research Institute for Medicines, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal; (A.H.M.); (N.D.); (M.R.B.); (M.M.G.); (S.S.); (P.R.); (R.P.); (A.J.A.)
| | - Catarina Pinto Reis
- iMED, ULisboa, Research Institute for Medicines, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal; (A.H.M.); (N.D.); (M.R.B.); (M.M.G.); (S.S.); (P.R.); (R.P.); (A.J.A.)
- IBEB, Biophysics and Biomedical Engineering, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
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Phospholipid Vesicles for Dermal/Transdermal and Nasal Administration of Active Molecules: The Effect of Surfactants and Alcohols on the Fluidity of Their Lipid Bilayers and Penetration Enhancement Properties. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25132959. [PMID: 32605117 PMCID: PMC7412180 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25132959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Revised: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
This is a comprehensive review on the use of phospholipid nanovesicles for dermal/transdermal and nasal drug administration. Phospholipid-based vesicular carriers have been widely investigated for enhanced drug delivery via dermal/transdermal routes. Classic phospholipid vesicles, liposomes, do not penetrate the deep layers of the skin, but remain confined to the upper stratum corneum. The literature describes several approaches with the aim of altering the properties of these vesicles to improve their penetration properties. Transfersomes and ethosomes are the most investigated penetration-enhancing phospholipid nanovesicles, obtained by the incorporation of surfactant edge activators and high concentrations of ethanol, respectively. These two types of vesicles differ in terms of their structure, characteristics, mechanism of action and mode of application on the skin. Edge activators contribute to the deformability and elasticity of transfersomes, enabling them to penetrate through pores much smaller than their own size. The ethanol high concentration in ethosomes generates a soft vesicle by fluidizing the phospholipid bilayers, allowing the vesicle to penetrate deeper into the skin. Glycerosomes and transethosomes, phospholipid vesicles containing glycerol or a mixture of ethanol and edge activators, respectively, are also covered. This review discusses the effects of edge activators, ethanol and glycerol on the phospholipid vesicle, emphasizing the differences between a soft and an elastic nanovesicle, and presents their different preparation methods. To date, these differences have not been comparatively discussed. The review presents a large number of active molecules incorporated in these carriers and investigated in vitro, in vivo or in clinical human tests.
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Caseiro M, Ascenso A, Costa A, Creagh-Flynn J, Johnson M, Simões S. Lycopene in human health. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2020.109323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Bano S, Ahmed F, Khan F, Chaudhary SC, Samim M. Targeted delivery of thermoresponsive polymeric nanoparticle-encapsulated lycopene: in vitro anticancer activity and chemopreventive effect on murine skin inflammation and tumorigenesis. RSC Adv 2020; 10:16637-16649. [PMID: 35498841 PMCID: PMC9053082 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra10686c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 04/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Naturally occurring lycopene has been reported for its chemopreventive and chemotherapeutic efficiency in various cancers, but its exceptional lipophilicity, poor aqueous solubility, instability, and consequently poor bioavailability limit its usage as a chemopreventive and chemotherapeutic agent. The present study aimed to synthesize co-polymeric nanoparticle-encapsulated formulations of commercial lycopene (NLY) and extracted lycopene (NLX) and evaluate their in vitro anticancer activity and inhibitory effect on 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA)-promoted skin inflammation and tumorigenesis in Swiss albino mice. To prepare the nanoparticle-encapsulated formulations of lycopene, thermosensitive PNIPAAM-PEG-based co-polymeric nanoparticles were synthesized and characterized by FTIR spectroscopy, NMR spectroscopy, DLS, and TEM. Nanolycopene, unlike free lycopene, could be readily dispersed in aqueous media. Nanolycopene demonstrated stronger antioxidant activity and comparable in vitro anticancer efficacy to free lycopene against the melanoma cell line B16. Furthermore, nanolycopene showed comparable reduction of TPA-induced skin edema, expression of COX-2, and oxidative stress response. Additionally, it showed significant inhibition of tumor promotion. It also altered Bax and Bcl2 expressions, which led to the induction of apoptosis. The results also supported that the extracted lycopene-encapsulated nanoparticles may be a good alternative to the expensive commercial lycopene for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sameena Bano
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemical and Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard (Deemed to be University) New Delhi India +91 9210707636 +91 11 26054685 ext. 5557
| | - Faheem Ahmed
- Department of Community Medicine, Hamdard Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Jamia Hamdard (Deemed to be University) New Delhi India
| | - Farha Khan
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Chemical and Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard (Deemed to be University) New Delhi India
| | | | - M Samim
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemical and Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard (Deemed to be University) New Delhi India +91 9210707636 +91 11 26054685 ext. 5557
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Esposito E, Nastruzzi C, Sguizzato M, Cortesi R. Nanomedicines to Treat Skin Pathologies with Natural Molecules. Curr Pharm Des 2020; 25:2323-2337. [PMID: 31584367 DOI: 10.2174/1381612825666190709210703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The skin and mucous membranes are subjected to many disorders and pathological conditions. Nature offers a wide range of molecules with antioxidant activity able to neutralize, at least in part, the formation of free radicals and therefore to counteract the phenomena of cellular aging. Since synthetic drugs for the treatment of skin diseases can induce resistance, it is particularly interesting to use compounds of plant origin, transporting them in pharmaceutical forms capable of controlling their release and absorption. This review provides an overview of new findings about the use of lipid-based nanosystems for the delivery of natural molecules useful on the topical treatment of skin disorders. Several natural molecules encapsulated in lipid nanosystems have been considered in the treatment of some skin pathologies or diseases. Particularly, the use of rosemary and eucalyptus essential oil, saffron derivatives, curcumin, eugenol, capsaicin, thymol and lycopene has been reported. The molecules have been alternatively encapsulated in viscous systems, such as the organogels, or in liquid systems, such as ethosomes, transferosomes, solid lipid nanoparticles and monoolein based dispersions thickened by inclusion in carbomer gels. The nanostructured forms have been in vitro and in vivo investigated for the treatment of skin disorders due to dehydration, inflammation, melanoma, wound healing, fungal infections or psoriasis. The data reported in the different studies have suggested that the cutaneous application of lipid nanosystems allows a deep interaction between lipid matrix and skin strata, promoting a prolonged release and efficacy of the loaded natural molecules. This review suggests that the application of natural molecules onto the skin by lipid-based nanosystems can provide numerous clinician benefits in dermatology and cosmetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabetta Esposito
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via Fossato di Mortara, 19, 44121-Ferrara, Italy
| | - Claudio Nastruzzi
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via Fossato di Mortara, 19, 44121-Ferrara, Italy
| | - Maddalena Sguizzato
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via Fossato di Mortara, 19, 44121-Ferrara, Italy
| | - Rita Cortesi
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via Fossato di Mortara, 19, 44121-Ferrara, Italy
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Natsheh H, Vettorato E, Touitou E. Ethosomes for Dermal Administration of Natural Active Molecules. Curr Pharm Des 2020; 25:2338-2348. [PMID: 31333087 DOI: 10.2174/1381612825666190716095826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Ethosomes are nanovesicular carriers for dermal administration. Phospholipids, ethanol at relatively high concentrations (up to 50%) and water are their main components. Ethosomes are what we call "soft vesicles" with fluid bilayers due to the presence of ethanol. The composition and structure of the vesicles augment their ability to entrap molecules with various physicochemical properties and deliver them to the deep strata of skin. Since their first design, ethosomal systems have been extensively investigated for a wide range of applications. This review focuses on work carried out in vitro, in vivo in animal models and in humans in clinical studies, with ethosomal formulations containing natural active molecules for the treatment of skin disorders. Skin bacterial and fungal infections, skin inflammation, acne vulgaris, arthritis, and skin cancer are examples of disorders managed successfully by ethosomal systems. Furthermore, Ethosomes loaded with a number of naturally occurring compounds for cosmetic applications are also reported. The efficient treatments together with a good safety profile and lack of toxicity or irritation paved the way towards the development of new dermal therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiba Natsheh
- The Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Elisa Vettorato
- The Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel.,Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Elka Touitou
- The Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
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Pivetta TP, Silva LB, Kawakami CM, Araújo MM, Del Lama MPF, Naal RMZ, Maria-Engler SS, Gaspar LR, Marcato PD. Topical formulation of quercetin encapsulated in natural lipid nanocarriers: Evaluation of biological properties and phototoxic effect. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2019.101148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Enrico C. Nanotechnology-Based Drug Delivery of Natural Compounds and Phytochemicals for the Treatment of Cancer and Other Diseases. STUDIES IN NATURAL PRODUCTS CHEMISTRY 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-444-64185-4.00003-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Hussain A, Pu H, Sun DW. Measurements of lycopene contents in fruit: A review of recent developments in conventional and novel techniques. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2018; 59:758-769. [DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2018.1518896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Abid Hussain
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, PR China
- Academy of Contemporary Food Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
- Engineering and Technological Research Centre of Guangdong Province on Intelligent Sensing and Process Control of Cold Chain Foods, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Centre, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hongbin Pu
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, PR China
- Academy of Contemporary Food Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
- Engineering and Technological Research Centre of Guangdong Province on Intelligent Sensing and Process Control of Cold Chain Foods, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Centre, Guangzhou, China
| | - Da-Wen Sun
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, PR China
- Academy of Contemporary Food Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
- Engineering and Technological Research Centre of Guangdong Province on Intelligent Sensing and Process Control of Cold Chain Foods, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Centre, Guangzhou, China
- Food Refrigeration and Computerized Food Technology (FRCFT), Agriculture and Food Science Centre, University College Dublin, National University of Ireland, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
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Nainwal N, Jawla S, Singh R, Saharan VA. Transdermal applications of ethosomes - a detailed review. J Liposome Res 2018; 29:103-113. [PMID: 30156120 DOI: 10.1080/08982104.2018.1517160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Skin, the largest organ of the body serves as a potential route of drug delivery for local and systemic effects. However, the outermost layer of skin, the stratum corneum (SC) acts as a tough barrier that prevents penetration of hydrophilic and high molecular weight drugs. Ethosomes are a novel phospholipid vesicular carrier containing high ethanol concentrations and offer improved skin permeability and efficient bioavailability due to their structure and composition. This article gives a review of ethosomes including their compositions, types, mechanism of drug delivery, stability, and safety behaviour. This article also provides a detailed overview of drug delivery applications of ethosomes in various diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nidhi Nainwal
- a Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Sardar Bhagwan Singh Post Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences and Research , Dehardun , India
| | - Sunil Jawla
- b School of Pharmacy, Adarsh Vijendra Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Shobhit University Gangoh , Saharanpur , India
| | - Ranjit Singh
- b School of Pharmacy, Adarsh Vijendra Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Shobhit University Gangoh , Saharanpur , India
| | - Vikas Anand Saharan
- a Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Sardar Bhagwan Singh Post Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences and Research , Dehardun , India
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Sohail M, Naveed A, Abdul R, Gulfishan, Muhammad Shoaib Khan H, Khan H. An approach to enhanced stability: Formulation and characterization of Solanum lycopersicum derived lycopene based topical emulgel. Saudi Pharm J 2018; 26:1170-1177. [PMID: 30532638 PMCID: PMC6263630 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2018.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2018] [Accepted: 07/19/2018] [Indexed: 10/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Focus of the study was to design a novel and cost effective extraction technique for the lycopene from Lycopersicum esculentum L. fruit and to develop and characterize a stable emulgel formulation containing lycopene as an active ingredient as well as to design an analytical method to determine lycopene concentration in emulgel. Emulgel formulation was prepared and evaluated for its stability at different storage conditions, 8 °C, 25 °C, 40 °C, 40 °C + 75% relative humidity (RH) and 50 °C, for 6 months. Results were statistically analyzed using two way ANOVA, Post-Hoc test and paired sample t-test at 5% significance level. Designed extraction technique presented comparable yield, 154.83 mg/Kg of tomato fruit, with all recoveries in the range of 145-156 mg/Kg of tomato. "P-values" calculated for different levels of stability parameters were <0.05, except at 50 °C and time points of 60th day and later. Analytical method designed was having linear range of lycopene 1-10 µg/mL with limit of detection 0.11 µg/mL and limit of quantification 0.34 µg/mL. All inter-day and intra-day recoveries were in the range of 94-105% while in all measurements RSD % was ≤5.36. It can be concluded that the extraction technique was cost effective with comparable results and analytical method was simple, robust, specific and sensitive enough to be used for lycopene concentration determination in emulgel formulation. Furthermore, designed formulation was stable even at high temperature of 40 °C and RH 75%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Sohail
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Alternative Medicine, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Pakistan.,School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, PR China
| | - Akhtar Naveed
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Alternative Medicine, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Rouf Abdul
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Alternative Medicine, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Gulfishan
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Alternative Medicine, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | | | - Hira Khan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Abbottabad University of Science and Technology, Abbottabad, Pakistan
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24
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Pivetta TP, Simões S, Araújo MM, Carvalho T, Arruda C, Marcato PD. Development of nanoparticles from natural lipids for topical delivery of thymol: Investigation of its anti-inflammatory properties. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2018; 164:281-290. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2018.01.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2017] [Revised: 01/04/2018] [Accepted: 01/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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25
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Ross K. Towards topical microRNA-directed therapy for epidermal disorders. J Control Release 2017; 269:136-147. [PMID: 29133119 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2017.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2017] [Revised: 11/08/2017] [Accepted: 11/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
There remains an unmet dermatological need for innovative topical agents that achieve better longterm outcomes with fewer side effects. Modulation of the expression and activity of microRNA (miRNAs) represents an emerging translational framework for the development of such innovative therapies because changes in the expression of one miRNA can have wide-ranging effects on diverse cellular processes associated with disease. In this short review, the roles of miRNA in epidermal development, psoriasis, cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma and re-epithelisation are highlighted. Consideration is given to the delivery of oligonucleotides that mimic or inhibit miRNA function using vehicles such as cell penetrating peptides, spherical nucleic acids, deformable liposomes and liquid crystalline nanodispersions. Formulation of miRNA-directed oligonucleotides with such skin-penetrating epidermal agents will drive the development of RNA-based cutaneous therapeutics for deployment as primary or adjuvant therapies for epidermal disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kehinde Ross
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool L3 3AF, United Kingdom.
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26
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Praça FSG, Medina WSG, Eloy JO, Petrilli R, Campos PM, Ascenso A, Bentley MVLB. Evaluation of critical parameters for in vitro skin permeation and penetration studies using animal skin models. Eur J Pharm Sci 2017; 111:121-132. [PMID: 28951120 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2017.09.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2017] [Revised: 08/30/2017] [Accepted: 09/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
In vitro skin permeation/penetration studies may be affected by many sources of variation. Herein, we aimed to investigate the major critical procedures of in vitro skin delivery studies. These experiments were performed with model drugs according to official guidelines. The influence of skin source on penetration studies was studied as well as the use of a cryopreservation agent on skin freezing evaluated by transepidermal water loss, electrical resistance, permeation/penetration profiles and histological changes of the skin. The best condition for tape stripping procedure was validated through the evaluation of the distribution of corneocytes, mass of stratum corneum (SC) removed and amount of protein removed using finger pressure, a 2kg weight and a roller. The interchangeability of the tape stripping procedures followed by the epidermis and dermis homogenate and the micrometric horizontal cryostat skin sectioning methods were also investigated, besides the effect of different formulations. Noteworthy, different skin sources were able to ensure reliable interchangeability for in vitro permeation studies. Furthermore, an increased penetration was obtained for stored frozen skin compared to fresh skin, even with the addition of a cryoprotectant agent. The best method for tape stripping was the finger pressure followed by the addition of a propylene glycol solvent leading to better SC removal. Finally, no significant difference was found in skin penetration studies performed by different methods suggesting their possible interchangeability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabíola Silva Garcia Praça
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Avenida do Café, s/n, 14040903 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
| | | | - Josimar O Eloy
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Avenida do Café, s/n, 14040903 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
| | - Raquel Petrilli
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Avenida do Café, s/n, 14040903 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
| | - Patrícia Mazureki Campos
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Avenida do Café, s/n, 14040903 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
| | - Andreia Ascenso
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculdade de Farmácia, University of Lisbon, Portugal.
| | - Maria Vitória L B Bentley
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Avenida do Café, s/n, 14040903 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
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Carvalho VF, de Lemos DP, Vieira CS, Migotto A, Lopes LB. Potential of Non-aqueous Microemulsions to Improve the Delivery of Lipophilic Drugs to the Skin. AAPS PharmSciTech 2017; 18:1739-1749. [PMID: 27757922 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-016-0643-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2016] [Accepted: 09/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, non-aqueous microemulsions were developed because of the challenges associated with finding pharmaceutically acceptable solvents for topical delivery of drugs sparingly soluble in water. The formulation irritation potential and ability to modulate the penetration of lipophilic compounds (progesterone, α-tocopherol, and lycopene) of interest for topical treatment/prevention of skin disorders were evaluated and compared to solutions and aqueous microemulsions of similar composition. The microemulsions (ME) were developed with BRIJ, vitamin E-TPGS, and ethanol as surfactant-co-surfactant blend and tributyrin, isopropyl myristate, and oleic acid as oil phase. As polar phase, propylene glycol (MEPG) or water (MEW) was used (26% w/w). The microemulsions were isotropic and based on viscosity and conductivity assessment, bicontinuous. Compared to drug solutions in lipophilic vehicles, MEPG improved drug delivery into viable skin layers by 2.5-38-fold; the magnitude of penetration enhancement mediated by MEPG into viable skin increased with drug lipophilicity, even though the absolute amount of drug delivered decreased. Delivery of progesterone and tocopherol, but not lycopene (the most lipophilic compound), increased up to 2.5-fold with MEW, and higher amounts of these two drugs were released from MEW (2-2.5-fold). Both microemulsions were considered safe for topical application, but MEPG-mediated decrease in the viability of reconstructed epidermis was more pronounced, suggesting its higher potential for irritation. We conclude that MEPG is a safe and suitable nanocarrier to deliver a variety of lipophilic drugs into viable skin layers, but the use of MEW might be more advantageous for drugs in the lower range of lipophilicity.
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Singh A, Neupane YR, Panda BP, Kohli K. Lipid Based nanoformulation of lycopene improves oral delivery: formulation optimization,ex vivoassessment and its efficacy against breast cancer. J Microencapsul 2017; 34:416-429. [DOI: 10.1080/02652048.2017.1340355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Archu Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Yub Raj Neupane
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Bibhu Prasad Panda
- Microbial and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Laboratory, Centre for Advanced Research in Pharmaceutical Science, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Kanchan Kohli
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
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Puglia C, Lauro MR, Tirendi GG, Fassari GE, Carbone C, Bonina F, Puglisi G. Modern drug delivery strategies applied to natural active compounds. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2016; 14:755-768. [DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2017.1234452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Carmelo Puglia
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | | | - Giorgia Giusy Tirendi
- Azienda Ospedaliera di Rilievo Nazionale e di Alta Specializzazione (ARNAS) Garibaldi, Catania, Italy
| | | | - Claudia Carbone
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Francesco Bonina
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Giovanni Puglisi
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
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30
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Menezes AC, Campos PM, Euletério C, Simões S, Praça FSG, Bentley MVLB, Ascenso A. Development and characterization of novel 1-(1-Naphthyl)piperazine-loaded lipid vesicles for prevention of UV-induced skin inflammation. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2016; 104:101-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2016.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2016] [Revised: 04/27/2016] [Accepted: 04/27/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Abdulbaqi IM, Darwis Y, Khan NAK, Assi RA, Khan AA. Ethosomal nanocarriers: the impact of constituents and formulation techniques on ethosomal properties, in vivo studies, and clinical trials. Int J Nanomedicine 2016; 11:2279-304. [PMID: 27307730 PMCID: PMC4887071 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s105016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 195] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Ethosomal systems are novel lipid vesicular carriers containing a relatively high percentage of ethanol. These nanocarriers are especially designed for the efficient delivery of therapeutic agents with different physicochemical properties into deep skin layers and across the skin. Ethosomes have undergone extensive research since they were invented in 1996; new compounds were added to their initial formula, which led to the production of new types of ethosomal systems. Different preparation techniques are used in the preparation of these novel carriers. For ease of application and stability, ethosomal dispersions are incorporated into gels, patches, and creams. Highly diverse in vivo models are used to evaluate their efficacy in dermal/transdermal delivery, in addition to clinical trials. This article provides a detailed review of the ethosomal systems and categorizes them on the basis of their constituents to classical ethosomes, binary ethosomes, and transethosomes. The differences among these systems are discussed from several perspectives, including the formulation, size, ζ-potential (zeta potential), entrapment efficiency, skin-permeation properties, and stability. This paper gives a detailed review on the effects of ethosomal system constituents, preparation methods, and their significant roles in determining the final properties of these nanocarriers. Furthermore, the novel pharmaceutical dosage forms of ethosomal gels, patches, and creams are highlighted. The article also provides detailed information regarding the in vivo studies and clinical trials conducted for the evaluation of these vesicular systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim M Abdulbaqi
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Yusrida Darwis
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia
| | | | - Reem Abou Assi
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Arshad A Khan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia
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Ganesan P, Choi DK. Current application of phytocompound-based nanocosmeceuticals for beauty and skin therapy. Int J Nanomedicine 2016; 11:1987-2007. [PMID: 27274231 PMCID: PMC4869672 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s104701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Phytocompounds have been used in cosmeceuticals for decades and have shown potential for beauty applications, including sunscreen, moisturizing and antiaging, and skin-based therapy. The major concerns in the usage of phyto-based cosmeceuticals are lower penetration and high compound instability of various cosmetic products for sustained and enhanced compound delivery to the beauty-based skin therapy. To overcome these disadvantages, nanosized delivery technologies are currently in use for sustained and enhanced delivery of phyto-derived bioactive compounds in cosmeceutical sectors and products. Nanosizing of phytocompounds enhances the aseptic feel in various cosmeceutical products with sustained delivery and enhanced skin protecting activities. Solid lipid nanoparticles, transfersomes, ethosomes, nanostructured lipid carriers, fullerenes, and carbon nanotubes are some of the emerging nanotechnologies currently in use for their enhanced delivery of phytocompounds in skin care. Aloe vera, curcumin, resveratrol, quercetin, vitamins C and E, genistein, and green tea catechins were successfully nanosized using various delivery technologies and incorporated in various gels, lotions, and creams for skin, lip, and hair care for their sustained effects. However, certain delivery agents such as carbon nanotubes need to be studied for their roles in toxicity. This review broadly focuses on the usage of phytocompounds in various cosmeceutical products, nanodelivery technologies used in the delivery of phytocompounds to various cosmeceuticals, and various nanosized phytocompounds used in the development of novel nanocosmeceuticals to enhance skin-based therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Palanivel Ganesan
- Department of Applied Life Science, Nanotechnology Research Center, Chungju, Republic of Korea; Department of Biotechnology, College of Biomedical and Health Science, Konkuk University, Chungju, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Kug Choi
- Department of Applied Life Science, Nanotechnology Research Center, Chungju, Republic of Korea; Department of Biotechnology, College of Biomedical and Health Science, Konkuk University, Chungju, Republic of Korea
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Lycopene Deficiency in Ageing and Cardiovascular Disease. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2016; 2016:3218605. [PMID: 26881023 PMCID: PMC4736775 DOI: 10.1155/2016/3218605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2015] [Revised: 11/11/2015] [Accepted: 11/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Lycopene is a hydrocarbon phytochemical belonging to the tetraterpene carotenoid family and is found in red fruit and vegetables. Eleven conjugated double bonds predetermine the antioxidant properties of lycopene and its ability to scavenge lipid peroxyl radicals, reactive oxygen species, and nitric oxide. Lycopene has a low bioavailability rate and appears in the blood circulation incorporated into chylomicrons and other apo-B containing lipoproteins. The recent body of evidence suggests that plasma concentration of lycopene is not only a function of intestinal absorption rate but also lycopene breakdown via enzymatic and oxidative pathways in blood and tissues. Oxidative stress and the accumulation of reactive oxygen species and nitric oxide may represent a major cause of lycopene depletion in ageing, cardiovascular disease, and type 2 diabetes mellitus. It has been shown recently that low carotenoid levels, and especially decreased serum lycopene levels, are strongly predictive of all-cause mortality and poor outcomes of cardiovascular disease. However, there is a poor statistical association between dietary and serum lycopene levels which occurs due to limited bioavailability of lycopene from dietary sources. Hence, it is very unlikely that nutritional intervention alone could be instrumental in the correction of lycopene and carotenoid deficiency. Therefore, new nutraceutical formulations of carotenoids with enhanced bioavailability are urgently needed.
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Enhanced antioxidation via encapsulation of isooctyl p-methoxycinnamate with sodium deoxycholate-mediated liposome endocytosis. Int J Pharm 2015; 496:392-400. [PMID: 26453790 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2015.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2015] [Revised: 09/14/2015] [Accepted: 10/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Isooctyl p-methoxycinnamate(OMC) is a commonly used chemical ultraviolet B sunscreen that suffers rapid degradation with current delivery systems following sun exposure. In this study, deoxycholate-mediated liposome (DOC-LS) endocytosis was employed to improve the antioxidation effects of OMC following topical administration, and the in vitro cell uptake was investigated to understand the enhanced cutaneous absorption of the drug via this nanocarrier. Following topical application, structural changes in the stratum corneum were identified. With the increase of DOC content, the drug deposition in skin decreased; from this, a DOC-LS formulation was selected that showed significantly more drug delivery in skin than did the other preparations (P<0.05). DOC-LS decreased skin resistance, suggesting its ability to induce skin barrier disruption. In vitro HaCaT keratinocyte cell uptake of coumarin-6 incorporated in the two types of phosphatidylcholine (PC) vesicles (i.e., LS or DOC-LS) yielded similar fluorescence intensities following incubation for different periods (P<0.05). However, CCC-ESF-1 embryonic fibroblast cell uptake of the fluorescence revealed time-dependence, and the emitted light from DOC-LS incubated cells was stronger than that from cells incubated with LS (P<0.05). These findings might be associated with the endocytic pathway of HaCaT, which mainly exhibited adsorption or physical adhesion of the fluorescent vesicles, whereas CCC-ESF-1 markedly internalized the PC vesicles via the lysosomes, as shown by intracellular fluorescence co-location studies. Following loading with the same amount of OMC, the DOC-LS vesicles exhibited superior skin tissue antioxidative capacity among the preparations tested, corroborating the in vivo skin drug deposition results. Thus, our results suggest that DOC-LS is a promising system for OMC dermal delivery without promoting skin irritation, which is quite advantageous for therapeutic purposes.
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Kim HK, Chun JH, Kim SJ. Method Development and Analysis of Carotenoid Compositions in Various Tomatoes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.5338/kjea.2015.34.3.23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
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Watkins R, Wu L, Zhang C, Davis RM, Xu B. Natural product-based nanomedicine: recent advances and issues. Int J Nanomedicine 2015; 10:6055-74. [PMID: 26451111 PMCID: PMC4592057 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s92162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural products have been used in medicine for many years. Many top-selling pharmaceuticals are natural compounds or their derivatives. These plant- or microorganism-derived compounds have shown potential as therapeutic agents against cancer, microbial infection, inflammation, and other disease conditions. However, their success in clinical trials has been less impressive, partly due to the compounds’ low bioavailability. The incorporation of nanoparticles into a delivery system for natural products would be a major advance in the efforts to increase their therapeutic effects. Recently, advances have been made showing that nanoparticles can significantly increase the bioavailability of natural products both in vitro and in vivo. Nanotechnology has demonstrated its capability to manipulate particles in order to target specific areas of the body and control the release of drugs. Although there are many benefits to applying nanotechnology for better delivery of natural products, it is not without issues. Drug targeting remains a challenge and potential nanoparticle toxicity needs to be further investigated, especially if these systems are to be used to treat chronic human diseases. This review aims to summarize recent progress in several key areas relevant to natural products in nanoparticle delivery systems for biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebekah Watkins
- Department of Biochemistry, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA ; Program in Nanoscience, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Ling Wu
- Department of Biochemistry, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Chenming Zhang
- Center for Drug Discovery, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA ; Department of Biological Systems Engineering, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA ; Institute for Critical Technology and Applied Science, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Richey M Davis
- Center for Drug Discovery, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA ; Institute for Critical Technology and Applied Science, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA ; Department of Chemical Engineering, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Bin Xu
- Department of Biochemistry, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA ; Center for Drug Discovery, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA
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Ascenso A, Raposo S, Batista C, Cardoso P, Mendes T, Praça FG, Bentley MVLB, Simões S. Development, characterization, and skin delivery studies of related ultradeformable vesicles: transfersomes, ethosomes, and transethosomes. Int J Nanomedicine 2015; 10:5837-51. [PMID: 26425085 PMCID: PMC4583114 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s86186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 173] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Ultradeformable vesicles (UDV) have recently become a promising tool for the development of improved and innovative dermal and transdermal therapies. The aim of this work was to study three related UDV: transfersomes, ethosomes, and transethosomes for the incorporation of actives of distinct polarities, namely, vitamin E and caffeine, and to evaluate the effect of the carrier on skin permeation and penetration. These actives were incorporated in UDV formulations further characterized for vesicles imaging by transmission electron microscopy; mean vesicle size and polydispersity index by photon correlation spectroscopy; zeta potential by laser-Doppler anemometry; deformability by pressure-driven transport; and incorporation efficiency (IE) after actives quantification by high-performance liquid chromatography. Topical delivery studies were performed in order to compare UDV formulations regarding the release, skin permeation, and penetration profiles. All UDV formulations showed size values within the expected range, except transethosomes prepared by “transfersomal method”, for which size was smaller than 100 nm in contrast to that obtained for vesicles prepared by “ethosomal method”. Zeta potential was negative and higher for formulations containing sodium cholate. The IE was much higher for vitamin E- than caffeine-loaded UDV as expected. For flux measurements, the following order was obtained: transethosomes (TE) > ethosomes (E) ≥ transfersomes (T). This result was consistent with the release and skin penetration profiles for Vitamin E-loaded UDV. However, the releasing results were totally the opposite for caffeine-loaded UDV, which might be explained by the solubility and thermodynamic activity of this active in each formulation instead of the UDV deformability attending to the higher non-incorporated fraction of caffeine. Anyway, a high skin penetration and permeation for all caffeine-loaded UDV were obtained. Transethosomes were more deformable than ethosomes and transfersomes due to the presence of both ethanol and surfactant in their composition. All these UDV were suitable for a deeper skin penetration, especially transethosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreia Ascenso
- Instituto de Investigação do Medicamento (iMed.ULisboa), Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Sara Raposo
- Instituto de Investigação do Medicamento (iMed.ULisboa), Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Cátia Batista
- Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Pedro Cardoso
- Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Tiago Mendes
- Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Fabíola Garcia Praça
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Monte Alegre, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Sandra Simões
- Instituto de Investigação do Medicamento (iMed.ULisboa), Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
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Santos CLV, Pourrut B, Ferreira de Oliveira JMP. The use of comet assay in plant toxicology: recent advances. Front Genet 2015; 6:216. [PMID: 26175750 PMCID: PMC4485349 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2015.00216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2014] [Accepted: 06/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The systematic study of genotoxicity in plants induced by contaminants and other stress agents has been hindered to date by the lack of reliable and robust biomarkers. The comet assay is a versatile and sensitive method for the evaluation of DNA damages and DNA repair capacity at single-cell level. Due to its simplicity and sensitivity, and the small number of cells required to obtain robust results, the use of plant comet assay has drastically increased in the last decade. For years its use was restricted to a few model species, e.g., Allium cepa, Nicotiana tabacum, Vicia faba, or Arabidopsis thaliana but this number largely increased in the last years. Plant comet assay has been used to study the genotoxic impact of radiation, chemicals including pesticides, phytocompounds, heavy metals, nanoparticles or contaminated complex matrices. Here we will review the most recent data on the use of this technique as a standard approach for studying the genotoxic effects of different stress conditions on plants. Also, we will discuss the integration of information provided by the comet assay with other DNA-damage indicators, and with cellular responses including oxidative stress, cell division or cell death. Finally, we will focus on putative relations between transcripts related with DNA damage pathways, DNA replication and repair, oxidative stress and cell cycle progression that have been identified in plant cells with comet assays demonstrating DNA damage.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bertrand Pourrut
- Laboratoire Génie Civil et géo-Environnement - Groupe ISA Lille, France
| | - José M P Ferreira de Oliveira
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Cytometry, Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, University of Aveiro Aveiro, Portugal
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Ho K, Ferruzzi M, Liceaga A, San Martín-González M. Microwave-assisted extraction of lycopene in tomato peels: Effect of extraction conditions on all-trans and cis-isomer yields. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2014.12.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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40
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Water soluble biocompatible vesicles based on polysaccharides and oligosaccharides inclusion complexes for carotenoid delivery. Carbohydr Polym 2015; 128:207-19. [PMID: 26005157 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2015.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2015] [Revised: 04/02/2015] [Accepted: 04/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Since carotenoids are highly hydrophobic, air- and light-sensitive hydrocarbon compounds, developing methods for increasing their bioavailability and stability towards irradiation and reactive oxygen species is an important goal. Application of inclusion complexes of "host-guest" type with polysaccharides and oligosaccharides such as arabinogalactan, cyclodextrins and glycyrrhizin minimizes the disadvantages of carotenoids when these compounds are used in food processing (colors and antioxidant capacity) as well as for production of therapeutic formulations. Cyclodextrin complexes which have been used demonstrated enhanced storage stability but suffered from poor solubility. Polysaccharide and oligosaccharide based inclusion complexes play an important role in pharmacology by providing increased solubility and stability of lipophilic drugs. In addition they are used as drug delivery systems to increase absorption rate and bioavailability of the drugs. In this review we summarize the existing data on preparation methods, analysis, and chemical reactivity of carotenoids in inclusion complexes with cyclodextrin, arabinogalactan and glycyrrhizin. It was demonstrated that incorporation of carotenoids into the "host" macromolecule results in significant changes in their physical and chemical properties. In particular, polysaccharide complexes show enhanced photostability of carotenoids in water solutions. A significant decrease in the reactivity towards metal ions and reactive oxygen species in solution was also detected.
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