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Lv L, Yang C, Zhang X, Chen T, Luo M, Yu G, Chen Q. Autophagy-related protein PlATG2 regulates the vegetative growth, sporangial cleavage, autophagosome formation, and pathogenicity of peronophythora litchii. Virulence 2024; 15:2322183. [PMID: 38438325 PMCID: PMC10913709 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2024.2322183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is an intracellular degradation process that is important for the development and pathogenicity of phytopathogenic fungi and for the defence response of plants. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying autophagy in the pathogenicity of the plant pathogenic oomycete Peronophythora litchii, the causal agent of litchi downy blight, have not been well characterized. In this study, the autophagy-related protein ATG2 homolog, PlATG2, was identified and characterized using a CRISPR/Cas9-mediated gene replacement strategy in P. litchii. A monodansylcadaverine (MDC) staining assay indicated that deletion of PlATG2 abolished autophagosome formation. Infection assays demonstrated that ΔPlatg2 mutants showed significantly impaired pathogenicity in litchi leaves and fruits. Further studies have revealed that PlATG2 participates in radial growth and asexual/sexual development of P. litchii. Moreover, zoospore release and cytoplasmic cleavage of sporangia were considerably lower in the ΔPlatg2 mutants than in the wild-type strain by FM4-64 staining. Taken together, our results revealed that PlATG2 plays a pivotal role in vegetative growth, sporangia and oospore production, zoospore release, sporangial cleavage, and plant infection of P. litchii. This study advances our understanding of the pathogenicity mechanisms of the phytopathogenic oomycete P. litchii and is conducive to the development of effective control strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Lv
- Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, College of Breeding and Multiplication (Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication), Sanya, China
- Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control of Tropical Plant Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Chengdong Yang
- Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, College of Breeding and Multiplication (Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication), Sanya, China
- Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control of Tropical Plant Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Xue Zhang
- Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, College of Breeding and Multiplication (Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication), Sanya, China
- Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control of Tropical Plant Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Taixu Chen
- Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, College of Breeding and Multiplication (Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication), Sanya, China
- Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control of Tropical Plant Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Manfei Luo
- Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, College of Breeding and Multiplication (Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication), Sanya, China
- Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control of Tropical Plant Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Ge Yu
- Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, College of Breeding and Multiplication (Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication), Sanya, China
- Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control of Tropical Plant Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Qinghe Chen
- Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, College of Breeding and Multiplication (Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication), Sanya, China
- Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control of Tropical Plant Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou, China
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Xing M, Sun T, Liu T, Jiang Z, Xi P. Effectiveness of Volatiles Emitted by Streptomyces abikoensis TJGA-19 for Managing Litchi Downy Blight Disease. Microorganisms 2024; 12:184. [PMID: 38258010 PMCID: PMC10818274 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12010184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/13/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Litchi is a fruit of significant commercial value; however, its quality and yield are hindered by downy blight disease caused by Peronophythora litchii. In this study, volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from Streptomyces abikoensis TJGA-19 were investigated for their antifungal effects and studied in vitro and in planta for the suppression of litchi downy blight disease in litchi leaves and fruits. The growth of P. litchii was inhibited by VOCs produced by TJGA-19 cultivated on autoclaved wheat seeds for durations of 10, 20, or 30 days. Volatiles from 20-day-old cultures were more active in inhibition effect against P. litchii than those from 10- or 30-day-old cultures. These volatiles inhibit the growth of mycelia, sporulation, and oospore production, without any significant effect on sporangia germination. Additionally, the VOCs were effective in suppressing disease severity in detached litchi leaf and fruit infection assays. With the increase in the weight of the wheat seed culture of S.abikoensis TJGA-19, the diameters of disease spots on leaves, as well as the incidence rate and disease indices on fruits, decreased significantly. Microscopic results from SEM and TEM investigations showed abnormal morphology of sporangia, mycelia, and sporangiophores, as well as organelle damage in P. litchii caused by VOCs of TJGA-19. Spectroscopic analysis revealed the identification of 22 VOCs produced by TJGA-19, among which the most dominant compound was 2-Methyliborneol. These findings indicated the significant role of TJGA-19 compounds in the control of litchi downy blight disease and in improving fruit quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyu Xing
- Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control of Tropical Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; (M.X.); (T.S.); (T.L.)
| | - Tao Sun
- Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control of Tropical Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; (M.X.); (T.S.); (T.L.)
| | - Tong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control of Tropical Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; (M.X.); (T.S.); (T.L.)
| | - Zide Jiang
- Department of Plant Pathology/Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China;
| | - Pinggen Xi
- Department of Plant Pathology/Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China;
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Maheshwari S, Kumar V, Bhadauria G, Mishra A. Immunomodulatory potential of phytochemicals and other bioactive compounds of fruits: A review. FOOD FRONTIERS 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/fft2.129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Shruti Maheshwari
- Department of Food Technology Harcourt Butler Technical University Kanpur Uttar Pradesh 208002 India
| | - Vivek Kumar
- Department of Food Technology Harcourt Butler Technical University Kanpur Uttar Pradesh 208002 India
| | - Geeta Bhadauria
- Kendriya Vidyalaya Kanpur Cantt Kanpur Uttar Pradesh 208004 India
| | - Abhinandan Mishra
- Department of Food Technology Harcourt Butler Technical University Kanpur Uttar Pradesh 208002 India
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Li C, Tang B, Cao S, Bao Y, Sun W, Zhao Y, Liu F. Biocontrol ability and action mechanism of dihydromaltophilin against Colletotrichum fructicola causing anthracnose of pear fruit. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2021; 77:1061-1069. [PMID: 33012119 DOI: 10.1002/ps.6122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Revised: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anthracnose caused by Colletotrichum fructicola is one of the most important diseases in pear fruit, resulting in huge economic losses. Public awareness of protecting the environment and food safety, together with pathogen resistance to many key fungicides have led to an urgent need to develop alternative strategies for controlling fruit diseases. Here, the antifungal activity of a natural product, dihydromaltophilin [heat-stable antifungal factor (HSAF)], against C. fructicola in vitro and in vivo was investigated to determine its efficacy for anthracnose management. RESULTS HSAF exhibited pronounced antifungal activity against in vitro mycelial growth of C. fructicola, with a half-inhibition concentration of 0.43 mg L-1 . Hyphae treated with HSAF showed defects such as hyperbranching, swelling and depolarized growth. Conidia germination in the pathogen was inhibited by HSAF in a dose-dependent manner. In the presence of 4 mg L-1 HSAF, conidia germination was significantly delayed, and germ tube growth was inhibited. HSAF at 8 mg L-1 completely blocked conidia germination in C. fructicola. In addition, HSAF disrupted coordination of cytokinesis with growth and nuclear division, induced reactive oxygen species production in conidia, and damaged the integrity of the conidia cell wall. Moreover, an in vivo test confirmed that 50 mg L-1 HSAF significantly reduced the development of anthracnose decay in pear fruit caused by C. fructicola. CONCLUSION HSAF was highly effective in reducing pear anthracnose caused by C. fructicola and has great potential to become a new type of fruit preservative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaohui Li
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Bao Tang
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Shulin Cao
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Yan Bao
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
- College of Plant Pathology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Weibo Sun
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Yancun Zhao
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Fengquan Liu
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
- College of Plant Pathology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
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The Basic Leucine Zipper Transcription Factor PlBZP32 Associated with the Oxidative Stress Response Is Critical for Pathogenicity of the Lychee Downy Blight Oomycete Peronophythora litchii. mSphere 2020; 5:5/3/e00261-20. [PMID: 32493721 PMCID: PMC7273347 DOI: 10.1128/msphere.00261-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we utilized the RNAi technique to investigate the functions of PlBZP32, which possesses a basic leucine zipper (bZIP)-PAS structure, and provided insights into the contributions of bZIP transcription factors to oxidative stress, the production of sporangia, the germination of cysts, and the pathogenicity of Peronophythora litchii. This study also revealed the role of PlBZP32 in regulating the enzymatic activities of extracellular peroxidases and laccases in the plant-pathogenic oomycete. Basic leucine zipper (bZIP) transcription factors are widespread in eukaryotes, including plants, animals, fungi, and oomycetes. However, the functions of bZIPs in oomycetes are rarely known. In this study, we identified a bZIP protein possessing a special bZIP-PAS structure in Peronophythora litchii, named PlBZP32. We found that PlBZP32 is upregulated in zoospores, in cysts, and during invasive hyphal growth. We studied the functions of PlBZP32 using the RNAi technique to suppress the expression of this gene. PlBZP32-silenced mutants were more sensitive to oxidative stress, showed a lower cyst germination rate, and produced more sporangia than the wild-type strain SHS3. The PlBZP32-silenced mutants were also less invasive on the host plant. Furthermore, we analyzed the activities of extracellular peroxidases and laccases and found that silencing PlBZP32 decreased the activities of P. litchii peroxidase and laccase. To our knowledge, this is the first report that the functions of a bZIP-PAS protein are associated with oxidative stress, asexual development, and pathogenicity in oomycetes. IMPORTANCE In this study, we utilized the RNAi technique to investigate the functions of PlBZP32, which possesses a basic leucine zipper (bZIP)-PAS structure, and provided insights into the contributions of bZIP transcription factors to oxidative stress, the production of sporangia, the germination of cysts, and the pathogenicity of Peronophythora litchii. This study also revealed the role of PlBZP32 in regulating the enzymatic activities of extracellular peroxidases and laccases in the plant-pathogenic oomycete.
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Hu Z, Tao Y, Tao X, Su Q, Cai J, Qin C, Ding W, Li C. Sesquiterpenes with Phytopathogenic Fungi Inhibitory Activities from Fungus Trichoderma virens from Litchi chinensis Sonn. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:10646-10652. [PMID: 31479255 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b04053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A new monosesquiterpene diacetylgliocladic acid (1), a new dimeric sesquiterpene divirensol H (9), and two exceptionally novel trimeric sesquiterpene trivirensols A and B (11 and 12), together with another eight known congeners, were purified from an endophytic fungus Trichoderma virens FY06, derived from Litchi chinensis Sonn. whose fruit is a delicious and popular food. All of them were identified by comprehensive spectroscopic analysis, combined with biosynthetic considerations. Trivirensols A and B are unprecedented trimers of which three subunits are connected by two ester bonds of the sesquiterpene class. Relative to the positive control triadimefon, all the tested metabolites showed strong inhibitory activities against at least one phytopathogenic fungus among Penicillium italicum, Fusarium oxysporum, Fusarium graminearum, Colletotrichum musae, and Colletotrictum gloeosporioides. Notably, as metabolites of the endophytic fungus from L. chinensis, they all presented strong antifungal activities against C. gloeosporioides which causes anthracnose in L. chinensis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhibo Hu
- College of Materials and Energy , South China Agricultural University , Guangzhou 510642 , China
| | - Yiwen Tao
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Fifth Affiliated Hospital , Guangzhou Medical University , Guangzhou 511436 , China
| | - Xingyu Tao
- College of Materials and Energy , South China Agricultural University , Guangzhou 510642 , China
| | - Qinhua Su
- College of Materials and Energy , South China Agricultural University , Guangzhou 510642 , China
| | - Jiachun Cai
- College of Materials and Energy , South China Agricultural University , Guangzhou 510642 , China
| | - Can Qin
- College of Materials and Energy , South China Agricultural University , Guangzhou 510642 , China
| | - Weijia Ding
- College of Materials and Energy , South China Agricultural University , Guangzhou 510642 , China
| | - Chunyuan Li
- College of Materials and Energy , South China Agricultural University , Guangzhou 510642 , China
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Regulation of Immune Function by Polyphenols. J Immunol Res 2018; 2018:1264074. [PMID: 29850614 PMCID: PMC5925142 DOI: 10.1155/2018/1264074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune dysfunction is caused by various factors, including changes in relevant immune regulators and environmental stress. Immune system imbalance leads to a variety of diseases in humans. Nutrition may play an essential role in immunity by interfering with proinflammatory cytokine synthesis, immune cell regulation, and gene expression. Polyphenols, one of many categories of natural substances, exhibit a range of biological activities. Polyphenols promote immunity to foreign pathogens via various pathways. Different immune cells express multiple types of polyphenol receptors that recognise and allow cellular uptake of polyphenols, which subsequently activate signalling pathways to initiate immune responses. Furthermore, the polyphenols curcumin and epigallocatechin gallate can induce epigenetic changes in cells. In summary, polyphenols can be used to regulate intestinal mucosal immune responses, allergic diseases, and antitumour immunity.
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8
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Jiang L, Situ J, Deng YZ, Wan L, Xu D, Chen Y, Xi P, Jiang Z. PlMAPK10, a Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase (MAPK) in Peronophythora litchii, Is Required for Mycelial Growth, Sporulation, Laccase Activity, and Plant Infection. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:426. [PMID: 29568294 PMCID: PMC5852060 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.00426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2017] [Accepted: 02/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways are ubiquitous and evolutionarily conserved signal transduction modules directing cellular respond to a diverse array of stimuli, in the eukaryotic organisms. In this study, PlMAPK10 was identified to encode a MAPK in Peronophythora litchii, the oomycete pathogen causing litchi downy blight disease. PlMAPK10, containing a specific and highly conserved dual phosphorylation lip sequence SEY (Serine-Glutamic-Tyrosine), represents a novel group of MAPKs as previously reported. Transcriptional profiling showed that PlMAPK10 expression was up-regulated in zoospore and cyst stages. To elucidate its function, the PlMAPK10 gene was silenced by stable transformation. PlMAPK10 silence did not impair oospore production, sporangium germination, zoospore encyst, or cyst germination but hindered hyphal growth, sporulation, pathogenicity, likely due to altering laccase activity. Over all, our results indicated that a MAPK encoded by PlMAPK10 gene in P. litchii is important for pathogenic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liqun Jiang
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of New Technology in Rice Breeding, Rice Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Junjian Situ
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yi Zhen Deng
- Integrative Microbiology Research Centre, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lang Wan
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dandan Xu
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yubin Chen
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Pinggen Xi
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zide Jiang
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
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Xing M, Zheng L, Deng Y, Xu D, Xi P, Li M, Kong G, Jiang Z. Antifungal Activity of Natural Volatile Organic Compounds against Litchi Downy Blight Pathogen Peronophythora litchii. Molecules 2018; 23:E358. [PMID: 29419754 PMCID: PMC6017977 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23020358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2018] [Revised: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 02/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Litchi (Litchi chinensis Sonn.) is a commercially important fruit but its production and quality are restricted by litchi downy blight, caused by the oomycete pathogen Peronophythora litchii Chen. Volatile substances produced by a biocontrol antinomycetes Streptomyces fimicarius BWL-H1 could inhibited P. litchii growth and development both in vitro and in detached litchi leaf and fruit infection assay. Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) analyses indicated that volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from BWL-H1 resulted in severe damage to the endomembrane system and cell wall of P. litchii cells in vitro and abnormal morphology of appressoria, as well as deformed new hyphae in infection process. VOCs could suppress mycelial growth, sporulation, while with no obvious effect on sporangia germination. Based on gas chromatography-mass spectrophotometric analyses, 32 VOCs were identified from S. fimicarius BWL-H1, the most abundant of which was phenylethyl alcohol. Eight VOCs, including phenylethyl alcohol, ethyl phenylacetate, methyl anthranilate, α-copaene, caryophyllene, humulene, methyl salicylate and 4-ethylphenol, that are commercially available, were purchased and their bioactivity was tested individually. Except for humulene, the other seven tested volatile compounds shown strong inhibitory activity against mycelial growth, sporulation, sporangia germination and germ-tube growth of P. litchii. Especially, 4-ethylphenol showed the highest inhibitory effect on sporulation at a very low concentration of 2 µL/L. Overall, our results provided a better understanding of the mode of action of volatiles from BWL-H1 on P. litchii, and showed that volatiles from BWL-H1 have the potential for control of postharvest litchi downy blight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyu Xing
- Department of Plant Pathology/Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
- Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China.
| | - Li Zheng
- Department of Plant Pathology/Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
- Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences Guangzhou Experimental Station, Guangzhou 510140, China.
| | - Yizhen Deng
- Department of Plant Pathology/Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
| | - Dandan Xu
- Department of Plant Pathology/Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
| | - Pinggen Xi
- Department of Plant Pathology/Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
| | - Minhui Li
- Department of Plant Pathology/Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
| | - Guanghui Kong
- Department of Plant Pathology/Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
| | - Zide Jiang
- Department of Plant Pathology/Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
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Xu L, Wu P, Xue J, Molnar I, Wei X. Antifungal and Cytotoxic β-Resorcylic Acid Lactones from a Paecilomyces Species. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2017; 80:2215-2223. [PMID: 28749671 PMCID: PMC5819736 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.7b00066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Eight new β-resorcylic acid lactones (RALs), including the hypothemycin-type compounds paecilomycins N-P (1-3) and the radicicol-type metabolites dechloropochonin I (4), monocillins VI (5) and VII (6), 4'-hydroxymonocillin IV (7), and 4'-methoxymonocillin IV (8), along with nine known RALs (9-17), were isolated from the cultures of Paecilomyces sp. SC0924. Compounds 1 and 2 feature a novel 6/11/5 ring system, and 3 is the first 5'-keto RAL. The structures of 1-8 were elucidated on the basis of extensive spectroscopic analysis, X-ray diffraction analysis, and theoretical calculations of ECD spectra. Compounds 3, 5, and 6 exhibit cytotoxicity against MCF-7, A549, and HeLa cells, and compounds 5 and 7 display antifungal activity against Peronophythora litchii.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangxiong Xu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, P. R. China
| | - Ping Wu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, P. R. China
| | - Jinghua Xue
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, P. R. China
| | - Istvan Molnar
- Natural Products Center, School of Natural Resources and the Environment, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85706, United States of America
| | - Xiaoyi Wei
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, P. R. China
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11
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Jiang L, Ye W, Situ J, Chen Y, Yang X, Kong G, Liu Y, Tinashe RJ, Xi P, Wang Y, Jiang Z. A Puf RNA-binding protein encoding gene PlM90 regulates the sexual and asexual life stages of the litchi downy blight pathogen Peronophythora litchii. Fungal Genet Biol 2016; 98:39-45. [PMID: 27939344 DOI: 10.1016/j.fgb.2016.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2016] [Revised: 12/02/2016] [Accepted: 12/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Sexual and asexual reproduction are two key processes in the pathogenic cycle of many filamentous pathogens. However in Peronophythora litchii, the causal pathogen for the litchi downy blight disease, critical regulator(s) of sexual or asexual differentiation has not been elucidated. In this study, we cloned a gene named PlM90 from P. litchii, which encodes a putative Puf RNA-binding protein. We found that PlM90 was highly expressed during asexual development, and much higher than that during sexual development, while relatively lower during cyst germination and plant infection. By polyethylene glycol (PEG)-mediated protoplast transformation, we generated three PlM90-silenced transformants and found a severely impaired ability in sexual spore production and a delay in stages of zoospore release and encystment. However, the pathogenicity of P. litchii was not affected by PlM90-silencing. Therefore we conclude that PlM90 specifically regulates the sexual and asexual differentiation of P. litchii.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liqun Jiang
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
| | - Wenwu Ye
- Department of Plant Pathology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
| | - Junjian Situ
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
| | - Yubin Chen
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
| | - Xinyu Yang
- Department of Plant Pathology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
| | - Guanghui Kong
- Department of Plant Pathology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
| | - Yaya Liu
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
| | - Runyanga J Tinashe
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
| | - Pinggen Xi
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
| | - Yuanchao Wang
- Department of Plant Pathology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
| | - Zide Jiang
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
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Gong L, Li T, Chen F, Duan X, Yuan Y, Zhang D, Jiang Y. An inclusion complex of eugenol into β-cyclodextrin: Preparation, and physicochemical and antifungal characterization. Food Chem 2016; 196:324-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2015.09.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2015] [Revised: 09/14/2015] [Accepted: 09/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Control of litchi downy blight by zeamines produced by Dickeya zeae. Sci Rep 2015; 5:15719. [PMID: 26499339 PMCID: PMC4620559 DOI: 10.1038/srep15719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2015] [Accepted: 10/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Zeamines (ZMS), a class of polyamine-polyketide-nonribosomal peptide produced by bacterial isolate Dickeya zeae, were shown recently to be potent antibiotics against some bacterial pathogens. In this study, the results indicated that ZMS showed antifungal activity against Peronophythora litchii and other fungal pathogens. The activity of ZMS against the oomycete pathogen P. litchi, which causes the devastating litchi downy blight, was further investigated under in vitro and in vivo conditions. ZMS displayed potent inhibitory activity against the mycelial growth and sporangia germination of P. litchii. At a concentration of 2 μg/mL, about 99% of the sporangia germination was inhibited. Scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy analyses showed that treatment with ZMS could cause substantial damages to the oomycete endomembrane system. Furthermore, treatment of litchi fruits with ZMS solution significantly (P < 0.05) reduced the fruits decay and peel browning caused by P. litchii infection during storage at 28 °C. Taken together, our results provide useful clues on the antifungal mechanisms of ZMS, and highlight the promising potentials of ZMS as a fungicide, which in particular, may be useful for prevention and control of litchi fruits decay and browning caused by P. litchii infection during storage and transportation.
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Shen W, Mao H, Huang Q, Dong J. Benzenediol lactones: a class of fungal metabolites with diverse structural features and biological activities. Eur J Med Chem 2015; 97:747-77. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2014.11.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2014] [Revised: 11/04/2014] [Accepted: 11/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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15
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Cheng J, Long Y, Khan MA, Wei C, Fu S, Fu J. Development and significance of RAPD-SCAR markers for the identification of Litchi chinensis Sonn. by improved RAPD amplification and molecular cloning. ELECTRON J BIOTECHN 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejbt.2014.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
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16
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Long Y, Cheng J, Mei Z, Zhao L, Wei C, Fu S, Khan MA, Fu J. Genetic analysis of litchi (Litchi chinensis Sonn.) in southern China by improved random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR). Mol Biol Rep 2014; 42:159-66. [PMID: 25249227 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-014-3755-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2014] [Accepted: 09/16/2014] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Litchi (Litchi chinensis Sonn., L. chinensis), a type of tree growing in most areas of southern China, produces an edible fruit that is also a source of traditional medicine. Genetic identification of litchi species or cultivars using molecular markers is very important. In this study, a total of six litchi samples from Fujian, Hainan, Guangdong, Guangxi and Sichuan province, as well as one wild Dimocarpus confinis (D. confinis) sample from Guangxi province were collected for genetic analysis. The cluster dendrograms were constructed for genetic analysis on the basis of DNA amplification results by RAPD and ISSR. The improved RAPD amplified DNA with consistent and clear banding patterns. A total of 176 bands were found, indicating a 72.7 % polymorphism in L. chinensis DNA samples. Significant genetic distances were found among the different species or cultivars, with an index of similarity coefficient ranging from 0.59 to 0.87. Similar to RAPD results, ISSR analysis of the L. chinensis DNA samples showed a range of 0.70-0.93 similarity coefficients. The genetic distance between Hainan sample and Sichuan samples was the farthest, which is consistent with their geographic distance. Furthermore, the index of similarity coefficient between D. confinis and L. chinensis was 0.35-0.41 by RAPD and 0.38-0.48 by ISSR, indicating that these two species have significant genetic difference. This study reveals the high level of genetic differences between different litchi species or cultivars, and confirms the significance of the improved RAPD method in genetic characterization of organisms. Taken together, the improved RAPD combined with ISSR analysis can be used frequently for the genetic diversity, germplasm resources preservation, molecular-assisted breeding, and genetic characterization of various organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Long
- The Research Center for Preclinical Medicine, Luzhou Medical College, 3-319 Zhongshan Road, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China
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17
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Jing L, Lei Z, Li L, Xie R, Xi W, Guan Y, Sumner LW, Zhou Z. Antifungal Activity of Citrus Essential Oils. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2014; 62:3011-3033. [PMID: 24628448 DOI: 10.1021/jf5006148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Citrus essential oils (CEOs) are a mixture of volatile compounds consisting mainly of monoterpene hydrocarbons and are widely used in the food and pharmaceutical industries because of their antifungal activities. To face the challenge of growing public awareness and concern about food and health safety, studies concerning natural biopreservatives have become the focus of multidisciplinary research efforts. In the past decades, a large amount of literature has been published on the antifungal activity of CEOs. This paper reviews the advances of research on CEOs and focuses on their in vitro and food antifungal activities, chemical compositions of CEOs, and the methods used in antifungal assessment. Furthermore, the antifungal bioactive components in CEOs and their potential mechanism of action are summarized. Finally, the applications of CEOs in the food industry are discussed in an attempt to provide new information for future utilization of CEOs in modern industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Jing
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University , Chongqing 400716, China
- Key Laboratory of Horticulture Science for Southern Mountainous Regions, Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400715, China
- Plant Biology Division, The Samuel Roberts Noble Foundation, 2510 Sam Noble Parkway, Ardmore, Oklahoma 73401, United States
| | - Zhentian Lei
- Plant Biology Division, The Samuel Roberts Noble Foundation, 2510 Sam Noble Parkway, Ardmore, Oklahoma 73401, United States
| | - Ligai Li
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University , Chongqing 400716, China
- Key Laboratory of Horticulture Science for Southern Mountainous Regions, Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Rangjin Xie
- Citrus Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Southwest University , Chongqing 400712, China
| | - Wanpeng Xi
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University , Chongqing 400716, China
- Key Laboratory of Horticulture Science for Southern Mountainous Regions, Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Yu Guan
- Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine affiliated TCM University , Shanghai 200071, China
| | - Lloyd W Sumner
- Plant Biology Division, The Samuel Roberts Noble Foundation, 2510 Sam Noble Parkway, Ardmore, Oklahoma 73401, United States
| | - Zhiqin Zhou
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University , Chongqing 400716, China
- Key Laboratory of Horticulture Science for Southern Mountainous Regions, Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400715, China
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