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Yang C, Qin J, Xie F, Zhou K, Xi W. Red light-transmittance bagging promotes carotenoid accumulation through xanthophylls esterification during the ripening of blood orange fruit. Food Chem 2023; 404:134578. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.134578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Abstract
Compounds that confer a bitter taste on fruits and vegetables (FAVs) play crucial roles in both plant defense and health promotion. This review details the current knowledge of the distribution, properties (toxicity, pharmacological effects and receptors) and environmental plant responses relating to the biosynthesis, catabolism and transcriptional regulation of 53 bitter plant metabolites in diverse species of FAVs. Some bitter compounds, such as flavonoids, are common in all plant species and make a minor contribution to bitter flavor, but many are synthesized only in specific taxa. They make major contributions to the bitter taste of the corresponding species and some also have significant pharmacological effects. Levels of bitter metabolites are genetically determined, but various environmental cues can affect their final concentration during preharvest development and postharvest storage processes. Molecular approaches are helping to unravel the mechanisms of biosynthesis and regulation of bitter compounds in diverse crop species. This review not only discusses the theoretical basis for utilizing breeding programs and other agricultural technologies to produce FAVs with improved safety, favorable taste and healthier profiles, but also suggests new directions for the utilization of bitter compounds in FAVs for the development of natural pesticides and health-promoting medicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengyu Liu
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Donald Grierson
- Plant & Crop Sciences Division, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Loughborough, UK
| | - Wanpeng Xi
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Horticulture Science for Southern Mountainous Regions, Chongqing, China
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Huang X, Hu L, Kong W, Yang C, Xi W. Red light-transmittance bagging promotes carotenoid accumulation of grapefruit during ripening. Commun Biol 2022; 5:303. [PMID: 35379890 PMCID: PMC8980019 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-03270-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Light, a crucial environmental signal, is involved in the regulation of secondary metabolites. To understand the mechanism by which light influences carotenoid metabolism, grapefruits were bagged with four types of light-transmitting bags that altered the transmission of solar light. We show that light-transmitting bagging induced changes in carotenoid metabolism during fruit ripening. Compared with natural light, red light (RL)-transmittance treatment significantly increases the total carotenoid content by 62%. Based on weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA), ‘blue’ and ‘turquoise’ modules are remarkably associated with carotenoid metabolism under different light treatment (p < 0.05). Transcriptome analysis identifies transcription factors (TFs) bHLH128, NAC2-like/21/72, MYB-like, AGL11/AGL61, ERF023/062, WRKY20, SBPlike-7/13 as being involved in the regulation of carotenoid metabolism in response to RL. Under RL treatment, these TFs regulate the accumulation of carotenoids by directly modulating the expression of carotenogenic genes, including GGPPS2, PDS, Z-ISO, ZDS2/7, CRTISO3, CYP97A, CHYB, ZEP2, CCD1-2. Based on these results, a network of the regulation of carotenoid metabolism by light in citrus fruits is preliminarily proposed. These results show that RL treatments have great potential to improve coloration and nutritional quality of citrus fruits. Grapefruits ripened in red light-transmitting bags have 62% more carotenoid content than those ripened in natural light, leading to better coloration and higher nutritional quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiulian Huang
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China
| | - Linping Hu
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China
| | - Wenbin Kong
- Chongqing Agricultural Technology Extension Station, Chongqing, 401121, China
| | - Can Yang
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China
| | - Wanpeng Xi
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China.
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Tian S, Yang Y, Wu T, Luo C, Li X, Zhao X, Xi W, Liu X, Zeng M. Functional Characterization of a Flavone Synthase That Participates in a Kumquat Flavone Metabolon. Front Plant Sci 2022; 13:826780. [PMID: 35310637 PMCID: PMC8924551 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.826780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Flavones predominantly accumulate as O- and C-glycosides in kumquat plants. Two catalytic mechanisms of flavone synthase II (FNSII) support the biosynthesis of glycosyl flavones, one involving flavanone 2-hydroxylase (which generates 2-hydroxyflavanones for C-glycosylation) and another involving the direct catalysis of flavanones to flavones for O-glycosylation. However, FNSII has not yet been characterized in kumquats. In this study, we identified two kumquat FNSII genes (FcFNSII-1 and FcFNSII-2), based on transcriptome and bioinformatics analysis. Data from in vivo and in vitro assays showed that FcFNSII-2 directly synthesized apigenin and acacetin from naringenin and isosakuranetin, respectively, whereas FcFNSII-1 showed no detectable catalytic activities with flavanones. In agreement, transient overexpression of FcFNSII-2 in kumquat peels significantly enhanced the transcription of structural genes of the flavonoid-biosynthesis pathway and the accumulation of several O-glycosyl flavones. Moreover, studying the subcellular localizations of FcFNSII-1 and FcFNSII-2 demonstrated that N-terminal membrane-spanning domains were necessary to ensure endoplasmic reticulum localization and anchoring. Protein-protein interaction analyses, using the split-ubiquitin yeast two-hybrid system and bimolecular fluorescence-complementation assays, revealed that FcFNSII-2 interacted with chalcone synthase 1, chalcone synthase 2, and chalcone isomerase-like proteins. The results provide strong evidence that FcFNSII-2 serves as a nucleation site for an O-glycosyl flavone metabolon that channels flavanones for O-glycosyl flavone biosynthesis in kumquat fruits. They have implications for guiding genetic engineering efforts aimed at enhancing the composition of bioactive flavonoids in kumquat fruits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shulin Tian
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Horticulture Science for Southern Mountainous Regions, Ministry of Education, Chongqing, China
| | - Yuyan Yang
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Horticulture Science for Southern Mountainous Regions, Ministry of Education, Chongqing, China
| | - Tao Wu
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Chuan Luo
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xin Li
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xijuan Zhao
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Horticulture Science for Southern Mountainous Regions, Ministry of Education, Chongqing, China
| | - Wanpeng Xi
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Horticulture Science for Southern Mountainous Regions, Ministry of Education, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaogang Liu
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Horticulture Science for Southern Mountainous Regions, Ministry of Education, Chongqing, China
- *Correspondence: Xiaogang Liu,
| | - Ming Zeng
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Horticulture Science for Southern Mountainous Regions, Ministry of Education, Chongqing, China
- Ming Zeng, ;
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Zhou W, Kong W, Yang C, Feng R, Xi W. Alcohol Acyltransferase Is Involved in the Biosynthesis of C6 Esters in Apricot ( Prunus armeniaca L.) Fruit. Front Plant Sci 2021; 12:763139. [PMID: 34868159 PMCID: PMC8636060 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.763139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Short-chain esters derived from fatty acid contribute to the characteristic flavor of apricot fruit, and the biosynthesis of these compounds in fruit is catalyzed by alcohol acyltransferase (AAT). In this work, we investigated the AAT gene family via genome-wide scanning, and three AAT loci were identified in different linkage groups (LGs), with PaAAT1 (PARG22907m01) in LG7, PaAAT2 (PARG15279m01) in LG4, and PaAAT3 (PARG22697m01) in LG6. Phylogenetic analysis showed that PaAAT1 belongs to clade 3, while PaAAT2 and PaAAT3 belong to clade 1 and clade 2, respectively. In contrast, the three AAT genes present different expression patterns. Only PaAAT1 exhibited distinct patterns of fruit-specific expression, and the expression of PaAAT1 sharply increased during fruit ripening, which is consistent with the abundance of C4-C6 esters such as (E)-2-hexenyl acetate and (Z)-3-hexenyl acetate. The transient overexpression of PaAAT1 in Katy (KT) apricot fruit resulted in a remarkable decrease in hexenol, (E)-2-hexenol, and (Z)-3-hexenol levels while significantly increasing the corresponding acetate production (p < 0.01). A substrate assay revealed that the PaAAT1 protein enzyme can produce hexenyl acetate, (E)-2-hexenyl acetate, and (Z)-3-hexenyl acetate when C6 alcohols are used as substrates for the reaction. Taken together, these results indicate that PaAAT1 plays a crucial role in the production of C6 esters in apricot fruit during ripening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanhai Zhou
- Key Lab of Aromatic Plant Resources Exploitation and Utilization in Sichuan Higher Education, Yibin University, Yibin, China
| | - Wenbin Kong
- China Chongqing Agricultural Technology Extension Station, Chongqing, China
| | - Can Yang
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ruizhang Feng
- Key Lab of Aromatic Plant Resources Exploitation and Utilization in Sichuan Higher Education, Yibin University, Yibin, China
| | - Wanpeng Xi
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
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Liu CY, Xi W, Zhou DX, Gong PH, Li J, Xu Y. [Pulmonary embolism secondary to osteosarcoma: a case report and literature review]. Zhonghua Xin Xue Guan Bing Za Zhi 2021; 49:920-922. [PMID: 34530601 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112148-20201014-00815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C Y Liu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, China
| | - W Xi
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, China
| | - D X Zhou
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, China
| | - P H Gong
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, China
| | - J Li
- Emergency Department, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Y Xu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, China
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Fan ZX, Xi W, Miao XY, Li LY, Miao GY. Circ_NCKAP1 promotes skin basal cell carcinoma progression by sponging the miR-148b-5p/HSP90 axis. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 2021; 25:5355-5364. [PMID: 34533810 DOI: 10.26355/eurrev_202109_26642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Skin basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is the most common malignant skin tumor. Recent studies demonstrated that circular RNAs (circRNAs) are implicated in tumorigenesis and may represent potential therapeutic targets. The aim of the present study was to explore the expression profiles of circRNAs and their role in skin BCC. MATERIALS AND METHODS Three pairs of skin BCC tissues and adjacent tissues were used to perform a circRNA microarray for screening of circRNA expression profiles. Circ_NCKAP1 was selected as a target circRNA by RT-qPCR verification and bioinformatics analysis. The effect of circ_NCKAP1 knockdown on cell proliferation and apoptosis was assessed using CCK8 and Annexin V-FITC/PI assays, and its regulation over the miR-148b-5p/HSP90 axis was assessed by dual-luciferase reporter assay. RESULTS Circ_NCKAP1 was found to be significantly upregulated in skin BCC tissues (p<0.05). In vitro loss-of-function assays demonstrated that circ_NCKAP1 knockdown markedly inhibited cell proliferation and promoted cell apoptosis (p<0.05). Moreover, Dual-Luciferase reporter assay identified that circ_NCKAP1 could bind to miR-148b-5p directly, and HSP90 was targeted by miR-148b-5p. CONCLUSIONS Circ_NCKAP1 can promote skin BCC progression by sponging the miR-148b-5p/HSP90 axis, and circ_NCKAP1 may be a potential target for skin BCC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z-X Fan
- Department of Dermatology, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University of Engineering, Handan, Heibei, China.
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Xi W, Song N, Yan Q, Liang H, Zhang W. The analysis of the effects of Liuwei Dihuang decoction on aging-related metabolites and metabolic pathways in naturally aging mice by ultra-performance liquid chromatography quadruple time-of-light mass spectrometry. J Physiol Pharmacol 2021; 72. [PMID: 34810292 DOI: 10.26402/jpp.2021.3.09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Liuwei Dihuang decoction (LWDH) has been used to treat age-related diseases in Asia for thousands of years. Its effect is significant, but the mechanism is not entirely understood. The development and maturity of metabonomics technology have created a new way to understand its effects. In this study, 20-month-old naturally aging mice were used as the research subjects. Mice were randomly divided into the young group, elderly group, vitamin E group, and LWDH group, with 10 mice in each group. The UPLC-Q-TOF-MS technique analyzed the changes in plasma metabolism of these mice. Principal component analysis (PCA) and orthogonal partial least-squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) were used to study metabolic markers and metabolic pathways. Compared with the elderly group, the organ index and weightbearing swimming time of the LWDH and vitamin E groups increased (P ≤ 0.01). The results show that LWDH can benignly regulate the expression level of 11 aging-associated metabolites in aged mice and alleviate the aging state of mice. These metabolites mainly affect the metabolism of glutathione, unsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis, pyrimidine, selenium, pentose phosphate, arginine, and proline.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Xi
- Jangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nachchang, China
| | - N Song
- Jangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nachchang, China
| | - Q Yan
- Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - H Liang
- Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China.
| | - W Zhang
- Jangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nachchang, China
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Xi W, Zhang L, Liu S, Zhao G. The Genes of CYP, ZEP, and CCD1/4 Play an Important Role in Controlling Carotenoid and Aroma Volatile Apocarotenoid Accumulation of Apricot Fruit. Front Plant Sci 2020; 11:607715. [PMID: 33391319 PMCID: PMC7775601 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.607715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Carotenoids are important coloration molecules and indispensable component of the human diet. And these compounds confer most of the apricot fruit yellow or orange color. In China, fruit of some apricot cultivar present light-yellow color but strong flowery flavor, however, the chemical mechanism remains unknown. Here, carotenoids and aroma volatile apocarotenoids (AVAs) in three skin types of apricot cultivars (orange, yellow, and light-yellow skinned) were determined by HPLC and GC-MS, respectively. And the transcript levels of carotenogenic genes were analyzed by qRT-PCR. The orange-skinned cultivars "Hongyu" and "Danxing" fruit presented the most abundant total carotenoid, β-carotene and specific α-carotene contents, and β-carotene (52-77%) increased to become the dominant carotenoid during fruit ripening. The transcript levels of lycopene β-cyclase (LCYb) and β-carotene hydroxylase (CHYb) sharply increased during ripening. The yellow-skinned cultivars "Sulian No. 2" and "Akeyaleke" fruit contained lower levels of total carotenoids and β-carotene but were rich in phytoene. The light-yellow coloration of "Baixing" and "Luntaixiaobaixing" fruit was attributed to low amounts of total carotenoids, lutein, and neoxanthin and an absence of β-cryptoxanthin, but high level of aroma volatile apocarotenoids (AVAs) such as β-ionone were detected in these cultivars fruit, accompanied by low transcript levels of carotene hydroxylase (CYP) and zeaxanthin epoxidase (ZEP) but high levels of carotenoid cleavage dioxygenase 1 (CCD1) and CCD4. Correlation analysis showed that the expression level of CCD1 negatively correlated with carotenoid accumulation but positively with AVAs production. These collected results suggest that both carotenoid biosynthesis and degradation are important for apricot coloration and aroma formation. CYP, ZEP, CCD1, and CCD4 may be the key regulation points for carotenoid and AVAs accumulation in apricot fruit, which provide important targets for quality-oriented molecular breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanpeng Xi
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Lina Zhang
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Shengyu Liu
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Guohua Zhao
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
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Zhang L, Zhang Q, Li W, Zhang S, Xi W. Identification of key genes and regulators associated with carotenoid metabolism in apricot (Prunus armeniaca) fruit using weighted gene coexpression network analysis. BMC Genomics 2019; 20:876. [PMID: 31747897 PMCID: PMC6865023 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-019-6261-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Carotenoids are a class of terpenoid pigments that contribute to the color and nutritional value of many fruits. Their biosynthetic pathways have been well established in a number of plant species; however, many details of the regulatory mechanism controlling carotenoid metabolism remain to be elucidated. Apricot is one of the most carotenoid-rich fruits, making it a valuable system for investigating carotenoid metabolism. The purpose of this study was to identify key genes and regulators associated with carotenoid metabolism in apricot fruit based on transcriptome sequencing. RESULTS During fruit ripening in the apricot cultivar 'Luntaixiaobaixing' (LT), the total carotenoid content of the fruit decreased significantly, as did the levels of the carotenoids β-carotene, lutein and violaxanthin (p < 0.01). RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) analysis of the fruit resulted in the identification of 44,754 unigenes and 6916 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) during ripening. Among these genes, 33,498 unigenes were annotated using public protein databases. Weighted gene coexpression network analysis (WGCNA) showed that two of the 13 identified modules ('blue' and 'turquoise') were highly correlated with carotenoid metabolism, and 33 structural genes from the carotenoid biosynthetic pathway were identified. Network visualization revealed 35 intramodular hub genes that putatively control carotenoid metabolism. The expression levels of these candidate genes were determined by quantitative real-time PCR analysis, which showed ripening-associated carotenoid accumulation. This analysis revealed that a range of genes (NCED1, CCD1/4, PIF3/4, HY5, ERF003/5/12, RAP2-12, AP2, AP2-like, BZR1, MADS14, NAC2/25, MYB1R1/44, GLK1/2 and WRKY6/31/69) potentially affect apricot carotenoid metabolism during ripening. Based on deciphering the molecular mechanism involved in ripening, a network model of carotenoid metabolism in apricot fruit was proposed. CONCLUSIONS Overall, our work provides new insights into the carotenoid metabolism of apricot and other species, which will facilitate future apricot functional studies and quality breeding through molecular design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Zhang
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiuyun Zhang
- Laboratory of Fruit Quality Biology, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou, 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenhui Li
- Agriculture National Fruit Tree Germplasm Repository, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Luntai, Xinjiang, 841600, People's Republic of China
| | - Shikui Zhang
- Agriculture National Fruit Tree Germplasm Repository, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Luntai, Xinjiang, 841600, People's Republic of China
| | - Wanpeng Xi
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, People's Republic of China.
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Yang C, Chen T, Shen B, Sun S, Song H, Chen D, Xi W. Citric acid treatment reduces decay and maintains the postharvest quality of peach ( Prunus persica L.) fruit. Food Sci Nutr 2019; 7:3635-3643. [PMID: 31763012 PMCID: PMC6848805 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.1219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Revised: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Peaches are easily perishable fruit, and their quality is quickly lost after harvest. In this study, "Hujingmilu" peach (Prunus persica L.) fruit was treated with citric acid (CA) and stored at 20°C for 15 days. Fruit decay and quality were evaluated during the storage period. Compared with the control, CA treatment did not inhibit climacteric ethylene release, but CA was significantly effective at maintaining firmness, inhibiting decay, and preventing a decrease in titration acid (TA). CA treatment inhibited the increase in total soluble solids (TSS), sucrose, and fructose in the first week after fruit harvest, but then their content was significantly higher in CA-treated fruits than that in the control group. The decrease in malic acid and citric acid was significantly prevented by CA treatment. During storage, the concentrations of C6 volatile compounds decreased rapidly whereas lactones sharply increased, and the concentrations of δ-decalactone, γ-decalactone, and γ-dodecalactone were found to be significantly high in CA fruits compared with the control after the eighth day of storage (p < .05). Similarly, higher contents of chlorogenic acid, neochlorogenic acid, catechin, and L-epicatechin were maintained in fruits treated with CA during the same storage period (p < .05). Our findings suggest that treatment with 10 g/L citric acid can reduce postharvest decay and effectively maintain the texture, flavor, and nutrition quality of peach fruit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Can Yang
- College of Horticulture and Landscape ArchitectureSouthwest UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Tao Chen
- College of Horticulture and Landscape ArchitectureSouthwest UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Borui Shen
- College of Horticulture and Landscape ArchitectureSouthwest UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Shuxia Sun
- Horticulture Research InstituteSichuan Academy of Agricultural SciencesChengduPR China
| | - Haiyan Song
- Horticulture Research InstituteSichuan Academy of Agricultural SciencesChengduPR China
| | - Dong Chen
- Horticulture Research InstituteSichuan Academy of Agricultural SciencesChengduPR China
| | - Wanpeng Xi
- College of Horticulture and Landscape ArchitectureSouthwest UniversityChongqingChina
- Key Laboratory of Horticulture Science for Southern Mountainous RegionsMinistry of EducationChongqingPR China
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Xi W, Feng J, Liu Y, Zhang S, Zhao G. The R2R3-MYB transcription factor PaMYB10 is involved in anthocyanin biosynthesis in apricots and determines red blushed skin. BMC Plant Biol 2019; 19:287. [PMID: 31262258 PMCID: PMC6604168 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-019-1898-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The majority of apricot (Prunus armeniaca L.) cultivars display orange or yellow background skin, whereas some cultivars are particularly preferred by consumers because of their red blushed skin on the background. RESULTS In this study, two blushed ('Jianali' and 'Hongyu') and two nonblushed ('Baixing' and 'Luntaixiaobaixing') cultivars were used to investigate the formation mechanism of blushed skin in apricots. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis showed that the blushed cultivars accumulated higher cyanidin-3-O-glucoside, cyanidin-3-O-rutinoside and peonidin-3-O-rutinoside levels during fruit ripening than the nonblushed cultivars. Based on coexpression network analysis (WGCNA), a putative anthocyanin-related R2R3-MYB, PaMYB10, and seven structural genes were identified from transcriptome data. The phylogenetic analysis indicated that PaMYB10 clustered in the anthocyanin-related MYB clade. Sequence alignments revealed that PaMYB10 contained a bHLH-interaction motif ([DE]Lx2[RK]x3Lx6Lx3R) and an ANDV motif. Subcellular localization analysis showed that PaMYB10 was a nuclear protein. Real-time qRT-PCR analysis demonstrated that the transcript levels of PaMYB10 and seven genes responsible for anthocyanin synthesis were significantly higher in blushed than in nonblushed apricots, which was consistent with the accumulation of anthocyanin. In addition, bagging significantly inhibited the transcript levels of PaMYB10 and the structural genes in 'Jianali' and blocked the red coloration and anthocyanin accumulation. Transient PaMYB10 overexpression in 'Luntaixiaobaixing' fruits resulted in the red blushed skin at the maturation stage. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, these data reveal that three anthocyanins are responsible for the blushed skin of apricots, identify PaMYB10 as a positive regulator of anthocyanin biosynthesis in apricots, and demonstrate that blush formation depends on light.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanpeng Xi
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China
| | - Jing Feng
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China
| | - Yu Liu
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China
| | - Shikui Zhang
- Agriculture National Fruit Tree Germplasm Repository, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Luntai, Xinjiang, 841600, China
| | - Guohua Zhao
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China.
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Liu S, Hu L, Jiang D, Xi W. Effect of Post-Harvest LED and UV Light Irradiation on the Accumulation of Flavonoids and Limonoids in the Segments of Newhall Navel Oranges ( Citrus sinensis Osbeck). Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24091755. [PMID: 31064149 PMCID: PMC6540038 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24091755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Revised: 05/01/2019] [Accepted: 05/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
To investigate the effect of post-harvest light irradiation on the accumulation of flavonoids and limonoids, harvested Newhall navel oranges were continuously exposed to light-emitting diode (LED) and ultraviolet (UV) light irradiation for 6 days, and the composition and content of flavonoids and limonoids in the segments were determined using UPLC-qTOF-MS at 0, 6, and 15 days after harvest. In total, six polymethoxylated flavonoids (PMFs), five flavone-O/C-glycosides, seven flavanone-O-glycosides, and three limonoids were identified in the segments. The accumulation of these components was altered by light irradiation. Red and blue light resulted in higher levels of PMFs during exposure periods. The accumulation of PMFs was also significantly induced after white light, UVB and UVC irradiation were removed. Red and UVC irradiation induced the accumulation of flavone and flavanone glycosides throughout the entire experimental period. Single light induced limonoid accumulation during exposure periods, but limonoid levels decreased significantly when irradiation was removed. Principal component analysis showed a clear correlation between PMFs and white light, between flavonoid glycosides and red light and UVC, and between limonoids and UVC. These results suggest that the accumulation of flavonoids and limonoids in citrus is regulated by light irradiation. White light, red light and UVC irradiation might be a good potential method for improving the nutrition and flavor quality of post-harvest citrus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengyu Liu
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China.
| | - Linping Hu
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China.
| | - Dong Jiang
- Citrus Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chongqing 400712, China.
| | - Wanpeng Xi
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China.
- Key Laboratory of Horticulture Science for Southern Mountainous Regions, Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400715, China.
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Jian W, Cao H, Yuan S, Liu Y, Lu J, Lu W, Li N, Wang J, Zou J, Tang N, Xu C, Cheng Y, Gao Y, Xi W, Bouzayen M, Li Z. SlMYB75, an MYB-type transcription factor, promotes anthocyanin accumulation and enhances volatile aroma production in tomato fruits. Hortic Res 2019; 6:22. [PMID: 30729012 PMCID: PMC6355774 DOI: 10.1038/s41438-018-0098-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2018] [Revised: 09/01/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Genetic manipulation of genes to upregulate specific branches of metabolic pathways is a method that is commonly used to improve fruit quality. However, the use of a single gene to impact several metabolic pathways is difficult. Here, we show that overexpression of the single gene SlMYB75 (SlMYB75-OE) is effective at improving multiple fruit quality traits. In these engineered fruits, the anthocyanin content reached 1.86 mg g-1 fresh weight at the red-ripe stage, and these SlMYB75-OE tomatoes displayed a series of physiological changes, including delayed ripening and increased ethylene production. In addition to anthocyanin, the total contents of phenolics, flavonoids and soluble solids in SlMYB75-OE fruits were enhanced by 2.6, 4, and 1.2 times, respectively, compared to those of wild-type (WT) fruits. Interestingly, a number of aroma volatiles, such as aldehyde, phenylpropanoid-derived and terpene volatiles, were significantly increased in SlMYB75-OE fruits, with some terpene volatiles showing more than 10 times higher levels than those in WT fruits. Consistent with the metabolic assessment, transcriptomic profiling indicated that the genes involved in the ethylene signaling, phenylpropanoid and isoprenoid pathways were greatly upregulated in SlMYB75-OE fruits. Yeast one-hybrid and transactivation assays revealed that SlMYB75 is able to directly bind to the MYBPLANT and MYBPZM cis-regulatory elements and to activate the promoters of the LOXC, AADC2 and TPS genes. The identification of SlMYB75 as a key regulator of fruit quality attributes through the transcriptional regulation of downstream genes involved in several metabolic pathways opens new avenues towards engineering fruits with a higher sensory and nutritional quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Jian
- Key Laboratory of Plant Hormones and Development Regulation of Chongqing, School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, 401331 Chongqing, China
| | - Haohao Cao
- Key Laboratory of Plant Hormones and Development Regulation of Chongqing, School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, 401331 Chongqing, China
| | - Shu Yuan
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, 611130 Chengdu, China
| | - Yudong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Hormones and Development Regulation of Chongqing, School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, 401331 Chongqing, China
| | - Juanfang Lu
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, 400716 Chongqing, China
| | - Wang Lu
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, 400716 Chongqing, China
| | - Ning Li
- Key Laboratory of Plant Hormones and Development Regulation of Chongqing, School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, 401331 Chongqing, China
| | - Jianhui Wang
- Horticulture Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 610066 Chengdu, China
| | - Jian Zou
- Key Laboratory of Plant Hormones and Development Regulation of Chongqing, School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, 401331 Chongqing, China
| | - Ning Tang
- Institute of Special Plants, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, 402160 Yongchuan, China
| | - Chan Xu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Hormones and Development Regulation of Chongqing, School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, 401331 Chongqing, China
| | - Yulin Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Plant Hormones and Development Regulation of Chongqing, School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, 401331 Chongqing, China
| | - Yanqiang Gao
- Key Laboratory of Plant Hormones and Development Regulation of Chongqing, School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, 401331 Chongqing, China
| | - Wanpeng Xi
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, 400716 Chongqing, China
| | - Mondher Bouzayen
- Key Laboratory of Plant Hormones and Development Regulation of Chongqing, School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, 401331 Chongqing, China
- INRA, Genomique et Biotechnologie des Fruits, Chemin de Borde Rouge, F-31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Zhengguo Li
- Key Laboratory of Plant Hormones and Development Regulation of Chongqing, School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, 401331 Chongqing, China
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Zhang W, Tan S, Xi W, Yang J, Liao Q, Lan J, Lv Y, Tang J. Comparison of volatile components in fresh and dried Zanthoxylum bungeanum Maxim. Food Sci Biotechnol 2019; 28:1083-1092. [PMID: 31275708 DOI: 10.1007/s10068-019-00562-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Revised: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Fresh and dried Zanthoxylum bungeanum Maxim volatiles of two main cultivars including Dahongpao and Meihuajiao, were determined through GC-MS and compared. In all the tested samples, linalool, d-limonene, eucalyptol, 3-nonanone, and β-myrcene were identified as the five predominant components. The percentages of these components in fresh Dahongpao were 23.89%, 21.04%, 7.46%, 5.63% and 5.87%, respectively. Similar percentages, 27.28%, 17.62%, 6.39%, 1.66% and 7.8%, were found in dried Dahongpao. In general, the contents of linalool and β-myrcene in dried Dahongpao and Meihuajiao were slightly higher than those in fresh samples, whereas the contents of d-limonene, eucalyptol, and 3-nonanone were lower. Partial least squares discriminant analysis results showed that the two cultivars could be clearly differentiated based on volatiles, whereas, the fresh and dried Zanthoxylum bungeanum Maxim samples could not. This demonstrated that the drying process had no significant effect on the volatiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenlin Zhang
- 1Chongqing Key Laboratory of Economic Plant Biotechnology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Special Plant Industry in Chongqing, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Special Plant Seedling, Institute of Special Plants, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Yongchuan, 402160 China
| | - Si Tan
- 2School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yangtze Normal University, Fuling, 408100 China
| | - Wanpeng Xi
- 3College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716 China
| | - Jianlei Yang
- Longnan Red Pepper Institute of Economic Forest Academy, Wudu, 746000 Gansu China
| | - Qinhong Liao
- 1Chongqing Key Laboratory of Economic Plant Biotechnology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Special Plant Industry in Chongqing, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Special Plant Seedling, Institute of Special Plants, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Yongchuan, 402160 China
| | - Jianbin Lan
- 1Chongqing Key Laboratory of Economic Plant Biotechnology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Special Plant Industry in Chongqing, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Special Plant Seedling, Institute of Special Plants, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Yongchuan, 402160 China
| | - Yukui Lv
- Chongqing Rongchang District Extension Station of Forestry Science and Technology, Rongchang, 402400 China
| | - Jianmin Tang
- 1Chongqing Key Laboratory of Economic Plant Biotechnology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Special Plant Industry in Chongqing, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Special Plant Seedling, Institute of Special Plants, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Yongchuan, 402160 China
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Zhang Q, Feng C, Li W, Qu Z, Zeng M, Xi W. Transcriptional regulatory networks controlling taste and aroma quality of apricot (Prunus armeniaca L.) fruit during ripening. BMC Genomics 2019; 20:45. [PMID: 30646841 PMCID: PMC6332858 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-019-5424-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Accepted: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Taste and aroma, which are important organoleptic qualities of apricot (Prunus armeniaca L.) fruit, undergo rapid and substantial changes during ripening. However, the associated molecular mechanisms remain unclear. The goal of this study was to identify candidate genes for flavor compound metabolism and to construct a regulatory transcriptional network. RESULTS We characterized the transcriptome of the 'Jianali' apricot cultivar, which exhibits substantial changes in flavor during ripening, at 50 (turning), 73 (commercial maturation) and 91 (full ripe) days post anthesis (DPA) using RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq). A weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) revealed that four of 19 modules correlated highly with flavor compound metabolism (P < 0.001). From them, we identified 1237 differentially expressed genes, with 16 intramodular hubs. A proposed pathway model for flavor compound biosynthesis is presented based on these genes. Two SUS1 genes, as well as SPS2 and INV1 were correlated with sugar biosynthesis, while NADP-ME4, two PK-like and mitochondrial energy metabolism exerted a noticeable effect on organic acid metabolism. CCD1 and FAD2 were identified as being involved in apocarotenoid aroma volatiles and lactone biosynthesis, respectively. Five sugar transporters (Sweet10, STP13, EDR6, STP5.1, STP5.2), one aluminum-activated malate transporter (ALMT9) and one ABCG transporter (ABCG11) were associated with the transport of sugars, organic acids and volatiles, respectively. Sixteen transcription factors were also highlighted that may also play regulatory roles in flavor quality development. CONCLUSIONS Apricot RNA-Seq data were obtained and used to generate an annotated set of predicted expressed genes, providing a platform for functional genomic research. Using network analysis and pathway mapping, putative molecular mechanisms for changes in apricot fruit taste and aroma during ripening were elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuyun Zhang
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716 People’s Republic of China
| | - Chao Feng
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650 People’s Republic of China
| | - Wenhui Li
- Agriculture National Fruit Tree Germplasm Repository, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Luntai, Xinjiang, 841600 People’s Republic of China
| | - Zehui Qu
- College of Computer and Information Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716 People’s Republic of China
| | - Ming Zeng
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716 People’s Republic of China
| | - Wanpeng Xi
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716 People’s Republic of China
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17
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Yu H, Feng G, Feng J, Zhou B, Xi W, Yan F, Wu B, Ying G, Zhang J, Chen H, Chen J. Abstract No. 526 A rabbit model of gastric cancer established by injecting VX2 tumor pieces through left gastric artery catheterization. J Vasc Interv Radiol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvir.2018.01.571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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18
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Neelakantan P, Khan K, Li KY, Shetty H, Xi W. Effectiveness of supplementary irrigant agitation with the Finisher GF Brush on the debridement of oval root canals instrumented with the Gentlefile or nickel titanium rotary instruments. Int Endod J 2018; 51:800-807. [PMID: 29363136 DOI: 10.1111/iej.12892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2017] [Accepted: 01/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
AIM To examine the efficacy of a novel supplementary irrigant agitating brush (Finisher GF Brush, MedicNRG, Kibbutz Afikim, Israel) on the debridement of root canals prepared with a novel stainless steel rotary instrumentation system (Gentlefile; MedicNRG), or nickel titanium rotary instruments in oval root canals. METHODOLOGY Mandibular premolars (n = 72) were selected and divided randomly into three experimental groups (n = 24) after microCT scanning: group 1, canal preparation to rotary NiTi size 20, .04 taper (R20); group 2, rotary NiTi to size 25, .04 taper (R25) and group 3, Gentlefile size 23, .04 taper (GF). Specimens were subdivided into two subgroups: subgroup A, syringe-and-needle irrigation (SNI); subgroup B, Finisher GF Brush (GB). Ten untreated canals served as controls. Specimens were processed for histological evaluation, and the remaining pulp tissue (RPT) was measured. Data were analysed using Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis tests (P = 0.05). RESULTS All experimental groups had significantly less RPT than the control (P < 0.05). Group 3B (GF-GB) had significantly less RPT than groups 1B (R20-GB) and 2B (R25-GF; P < 0.05). When irrigated with SNI, there was no significant difference in the RPT between the three groups (P > 0.05). When instrumented with R20, there was no significant difference between SNI and GF (P < 0.05) whilst GB had significantly less RPT than SNI for R25 (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Supplementary irrigant agitation with the Finisher GF Brush improved the debridement of canals prepared with Gentlefile and size 25, .04 taper rotary NiTi. Root canal debridement did not significantly differ between the instruments when syringe irrigation was used.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Neelakantan
- Discipline of Endodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR
| | - K Khan
- Discipline of Endodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR
| | - K Y Li
- Centralized Research Laboratories, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR
| | - H Shetty
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Nair Hospital Dental College, Mumbai, India
| | - W Xi
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Guanghua College of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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19
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Tang Y, Shi W, Sun X, Xi W. Endoscopic ultrasound in diagnosis of esophageal tuberculosis: 10-year experience at a tertiary care center. Dis Esophagus 2017; 30:1-6. [PMID: 28575247 DOI: 10.1093/dote/dox031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Definite diagnosis of esophageal tuberculosis (ET) requires isolation of tubercle bacilli, which is challenging in clinical practice. Difficulty in differentiating ET from other esophageal diseases may well result in a delay in diagnosis. The literature on utility of endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) in diagnosis of ET is insufficient. This study aims to evaluate the role of EUS morphology combined with EUS-guided tissue acquisition in the diagnosis of ET. Data of the 35 patients diagnosed with ET from January 2006 to October 2015 were retrospectively analyzed. After miniprobe and linear echoendoscopic visualization, either linear EUS-guided deep biopsy or EUS-guided fine needle aspiration was performed for tissue acquisition. Histocytopathological results showing caseous necrosis or acid fast bacilli (AFB) or epithelioid granuloma were considered diagnostic. Esophageal wall thickening or mass formation with disruption of the adventitia due to infiltration by adjacent mediastinal lymphadenopathy was typically observed under EUS. Tissue acquisition revealed epithelioid granuloma in 33 patients, caseous necrosis in 13, a positive AFB stain in 14, and nonspecific chronic inflammation in 2. Of the 35 patients, 33 (94.3%) with both characteristic EUS morphology and diagnostic histocytopathology were considered to have an EUS established diagnosis. The remaining two with only nonspecific chronic inflammation received empirical antitubercular chemotherapy based solely on EUS morphology. The two-year follow-up confirmed diagnosis of ET in all patients. While the final diagnosis of ET was based upon two-year follow-up of treatment response to antitubercular medication in addition to caseous necrosis/granuloma/positive-AFB stain revealed by EUS-guided tissue acquisition, an EUS-established diagnosis of ET and medical treatment with long-term follow-up is rational and practical compared with surgery or untreated follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Tang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Third People's Hospital of Chengdu, Chengdu, China
| | - W Shi
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Third People's Hospital of Chengdu, Chengdu, China
| | - X Sun
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Third People's Hospital of Chengdu, Chengdu, China
| | - W Xi
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Third People's Hospital of Chengdu, Chengdu, China
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Lu J, Li H, Quan J, An W, Zhao J, Xi W. Identification of characteristic aroma volatiles of Ningxia goji berries (Lycium barbarum L.) and their developmental changes. International Journal of Food Properties 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/10942912.2017.1295254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Juanfang Lu
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Haoxia Li
- National Goji Engineering and Technology Research Center, Yinchuan, P.R. China
| | - Junping Quan
- Chongqing Nanshan Botanical Garden, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Wei An
- National Goji Engineering and Technology Research Center, Yinchuan, P.R. China
| | - Jianhua Zhao
- National Goji Engineering and Technology Research Center, Yinchuan, P.R. China
| | - Wanpeng Xi
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, Chongqing, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Horticulture Science for Southern Mountainous Regions, Ministry of Education, Chongqing, P.R. China
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21
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Xi W, Lu J, Qun J, Jiao B. Characterization of phenolic profile and antioxidant capacity of different fruit part from lemon ( Citrus limon Burm.) cultivars. J Food Sci Technol 2017; 54:1108-1118. [PMID: 28416860 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-017-2544-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 01/31/2017] [Accepted: 02/08/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Phenolic composition and antioxidant capacity of different fruit part including peel, pulp, juice, whole fruit and seed from five lemon cultivars (Feiminailao, Cuningmeng Limeng, Pangdelusaningmeng, Beijingningmeng) were investigated. Caffeic acid (9.31-741.4 μg/g FW) and chlorogenic acid (2.7-527.5 μg/g FW) were the dominant phenolic acid in fruit tested, Pangdelusaningmeng (PD) and Limeng peels with the highest contents, respectively. Hesperidin was the predominant flavanone (10.27-3315 μg/g FW), Cuningmeng (CN) peels with the highest level. PD peels had rich rutin, CN seeds had rich eriocitrin. Nobiletin was the main polymethoxylated flavonoids identified, PD with the highest level. CN peels contained rich tangeretin. Overall, peels and whole fruit had significantly higher level of phenolics than other fruit parts, and seeds were good source of flavonoids. PD and CN not only contained higher level of phenolic, but also presented higher antioxidant capacity than other cultivars tested, and are of great value for human nutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanpeng Xi
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716 People's Republic of China
| | - Juanfang Lu
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716 People's Republic of China
| | - Junping Qun
- Chongqing Nanshan Botanical Garden, Chongqing, 400065 People's Republic of China
| | - Bining Jiao
- Citrus Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chongqing, 400712 People's Republic of China.,Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Citrus Products, Ministry of Agriculture, Chongqing, 400712 People's Republic of China
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22
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Liu X, Wu H, Luo Y, Xi W, Zhou Z. Comparative analysis of chloroplast genomes of the genusCitrusand its close relatives. Mitochondrial DNA A DNA Mapp Seq Anal 2016; 28:33-36. [DOI: 10.3109/19401736.2015.1106528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaogang Liu
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Horticulture Science for Southern Mountainous Regions, Ministry of Education, Chongqing, China
- Post-Doctoral Station of Horticulture, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hongkun Wu
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Horticulture Science for Southern Mountainous Regions, Ministry of Education, Chongqing, China
| | - Yan Luo
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Horticulture Science for Southern Mountainous Regions, Ministry of Education, Chongqing, China
| | - Wanpeng Xi
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Horticulture Science for Southern Mountainous Regions, Ministry of Education, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhiqin Zhou
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Horticulture Science for Southern Mountainous Regions, Ministry of Education, Chongqing, China
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Zheng H, Zhang Q, Quan J, Zheng Q, Xi W. Determination of sugars, organic acids, aroma components, and carotenoids in grapefruit pulps. Food Chem 2016; 205:112-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2016.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2015] [Revised: 02/01/2016] [Accepted: 03/02/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Zhang Q, Chen W, Zhao J, Xi W. Functional constituents and antioxidant activities of eight Chinese native goji genotypes. Food Chem 2016; 200:230-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2016.01.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2015] [Revised: 01/04/2016] [Accepted: 01/10/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Liu X, Luo Y, Wu H, Xi W, Yu J, Zhang Q, Zhou Z. Systematic analysis of O-methyltransferase gene family and identification of potential members involved in the formation of O-methylated flavonoids in Citrus. Gene 2016. [PMID: 26407870 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/30/2023]
Abstract
The O-methylation of various secondary metabolites is mainly catalyzed by S-adenosyl-l-methionine (SAM)-dependent O-methyltransferase (OMT) proteins that are encoded by the O-methyltransferase gene family. Citrus fruits are a rich source of O-methylated flavonoids that have a broad spectrum of biological activities, including anti-inflammatory, anticarcinogenic, and antiatherogenic properties. However, little is known about this gene family and its members that are involved in the O-methylation of flavonoids and their regulation in Citrus. In this study, 58 OMT genes were identified from the entire Citrus sinensis genome and compared with those from 3 other representative dicot plants. A comprehensive analysis was performed, including functional/substrate predictions, identification of chromosomal locations, phylogenetic relationships, gene structures, and conserved motifs. Distribution mapping revealed that the 58 OMT genes were unevenly distributed on the 9 citrus chromosomes. Phylogenetic analysis of 164 OMT proteins from C.sinensis, Arabidopsis thaliana, Populus trichocarpa, and Vitis vinifera showed that these proteins were categorized into group I (COMT subfamily) and group II (CCoAOMT subfamily), which were further divided into 10 and 2 subgroups, respectively. Finally, digital gene expression and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction analyses revealed that citrus OMT genes had distinct temporal and spatial expression patterns in different tissues and developmental stages. Interestingly, 18 and 11 of the 27 genes predicted to be involved in O-methylation of flavonoids had higher expression in the peel and pulp during fruit development, respectively. The citrus OMT gene family identified in this study might help in the selection of appropriate candidate genes and facilitate functional studies in Citrus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaogang Liu
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; Key Laboratory of Horticulture Science for Southern Mountainous Regions, Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400715, China; Post-doctoral Station of Horticulture, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
| | - Yan Luo
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; Key Laboratory of Horticulture Science for Southern Mountainous Regions, Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400715, China.
| | - Hongkun Wu
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; Key Laboratory of Horticulture Science for Southern Mountainous Regions, Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400715, China.
| | - Wanpeng Xi
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; Key Laboratory of Horticulture Science for Southern Mountainous Regions, Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400715, China.
| | - Jie Yu
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; Key Laboratory of Horticulture Science for Southern Mountainous Regions, Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400715, China.
| | - Qiuyun Zhang
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; Key Laboratory of Horticulture Science for Southern Mountainous Regions, Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400715, China.
| | - Zhiqin Zhou
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; Key Laboratory of Horticulture Science for Southern Mountainous Regions, Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400715, China.
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Song L, Kang H, Liu D, Dai Z, He J, Wang B, Zhao Y, Wang X, Xi W. Dimedone Derivative {2-[(4-Hydroxy-phenylamino)- methylene]-5,5-dimethyl-cyclohexane-1,3-dione} Plays an Important Role in Breast Cancer Treatment. TROP J PHARM RES 2015. [DOI: 10.4314/tjpr.v14i9.25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: To investigate the effect of 2-[(4-hydroxy-phenylamino)-methylene]-5,5-dimethyl-cyclohex (HPDH) on mammary carcinogenesis induced by 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene in female Sprague Dawley rats.Methods: Among three groups of rats (50 each) used in the study, the control group was fed standard diet alone, ibuprofen group received standard diet containing 1200 mg/kg ibuprofen while HPDH group was administered standard diet containing 1200 mg/kg HPDH. The treatment was for 10 days for all the groups. All the animals received 20 mg of DMBA intragastrically by gavage. Clinical parameters for the rats were recorded weekly. Micrometer caliper was used to measure the diameter of all the tumors at the end of the experiment and tumor volume calculated. Histological evaluation was performed using hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining. High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was used to determine the level of HPDH and ibuprofen in the serum of the animals.Results: The data revealed a significant decrease in the number of rats with mammary tumor, number of tumors/rat and tumor volume by 54, 72 and 75 %, respectively, in HPDH group compared to control group. The ibuprofen- treated rats also showed significant decrease in the number of rats with tumor, number of tumors/rat and tumor volume by 43, 55, and 59 %, respectively. Treatment of rats with HPDH increased the latency period of tumor induction significantly (p < 0.005). Median detection period (50 % of tumors) was 92, 83 and 56 days, respectively, in HPDH, ibuprofen and control groups, respectively, after DMBA induction.Conclusion: These results demonstrate that HPDH possesses strong chemopreventive activity against mammary carcinogenesis.Keywords: Carcinogenesis, Mammary tumor, Median detection period, Tumor, Latency period, Chemopreventive activity, Ibuprofen
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Xi W, Zhang G, Jiang D, Zhou Z. Phenolic compositions and antioxidant activities of grapefruit (Citrus paradisi Macfadyen) varieties cultivated in China. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2015; 66:858-66. [PMID: 26600065 DOI: 10.3109/09637486.2015.1095864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The phenolic compounds in different fruit parts including the flavedos, albedos, segment membranes, juice vesicles and seeds of nine grapefruit varieties cultivated in China were determined and their antioxidant capacities were evaluated using three methods. Naringin and neohesperedin were the dominant flavonoids in all grapefruit tested. Fenghongtangmuxun and Jiwei flavedo had the highest contents of naringin (5666.82 μg/g DW) and neohesperedin (1022 μg/g DW), respectively. Gallic acid was the major phenolic acid in all grapefruit tested, and Jiwei juice vesicles had the highest content of gallic acid (343.7 μg/g DW). Fenghongtangmuxun juice vesicles were rich in chlorogenic acid (110.23 μg/g DW), caffeic acid (53.86 μg/g DW) and ferulic acid (23.12 μg/g DW). Overall, the flavedo was rich in flavonoid, while juice vesicle had high amounts of phenolic acid. The Jiwei, Fenghongtangmuxun, Maxu, Huoyan and Hongmaxu grapefruit cultivars contained more phenolics and exhibited higher antioxidant capacities than Shatianyou and Liangpingyou pummelos, and were good sources of natural phytochemical antioxidants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanpeng Xi
- a College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University , Chongqing , China .,c Citrus Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Chongqing , China
| | - Guiwei Zhang
- a College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University , Chongqing , China
| | - Dong Jiang
- c Citrus Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Chongqing , China
| | - Zhiqin Zhou
- a College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University , Chongqing , China .,b Key Laboratory of Horticulture Science for Southern Mountainous Regions, Ministry of Education , Chongqing , China , and
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Affiliation(s)
- J Chen
- Department of Radiology, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital & Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University (NMU), 42, Baiziting, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - J Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital & Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University (NMU), Nanjing 210009, China
| | - J D Dowell
- Division of Interventional Radiology, Department of Radiology, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - W Xi
- Department of Radiology, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital & Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University (NMU), 42, Baiziting, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - X Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital & Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University (NMU), 42, Baiziting, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - S Chen
- Department of Radiology, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital & Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University (NMU), 42, Baiziting, Nanjing 210009, China.
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Zhao J, Li H, Xi W, An W, Niu L, Cao Y, Wang H, Wang Y, Yin Y. Changes in sugars and organic acids in wolfberry (Lycium barbarum L.) fruit during development and maturation. Food Chem 2014; 173:718-24. [PMID: 25466081 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2014.10.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2014] [Revised: 09/25/2014] [Accepted: 10/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Wolfberry (Lycium barbarum L.) fruits of three cultivars ('Damaye', 'Baihua' and 'Ningqi No.1') were harvested at five different ripening stages and evaluated for sugars and organic acids. Fructose, glucose and total sugar contents increased continually through development and reached their maxima at 34 days after full bloom (DAF). Fructose and glucose were the predominant sugars at maturity, while sucrose content had reduced by maturity. L.barbarum polysaccharides (LBP) content was in the range of 13.03-76.86 mg g(-1)FW during ripening, with a maximum at 20DAF. Citric, tartaric and quinic acids were the main organic acid components during development, and their levels followed similar trends: the highest contents were at 30, 14 and 20DAF, respectively. The significant correlations of fructose and total sugar contents with LBP content during fruit development indicated that they played a key role in LBP accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianhua Zhao
- National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, PR China; National Wolfberry Engineering Research Center, Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Yinchuan 750002, PR China
| | - Haoxia Li
- Desertification Control Research Institute, Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Yinchuan 750002, PR China
| | - Wanpeng Xi
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, PR China
| | - Wei An
- National Wolfberry Engineering Research Center, Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Yinchuan 750002, PR China
| | - Linlin Niu
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, PR China
| | - Youlong Cao
- National Wolfberry Engineering Research Center, Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Yinchuan 750002, PR China
| | - Huafang Wang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, PR China.
| | - Yajun Wang
- National Wolfberry Engineering Research Center, Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Yinchuan 750002, PR China
| | - Yue Yin
- National Wolfberry Engineering Research Center, Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Yinchuan 750002, PR China
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Abstract
Citrus essential oils (CEOs) are a mixture of volatile compounds consisting mainly of monoterpene hydrocarbons and are widely used in the food and pharmaceutical industries because of their antifungal activities. To face the challenge of growing public awareness and concern about food and health safety, studies concerning natural biopreservatives have become the focus of multidisciplinary research efforts. In the past decades, a large amount of literature has been published on the antifungal activity of CEOs. This paper reviews the advances of research on CEOs and focuses on their in vitro and food antifungal activities, chemical compositions of CEOs, and the methods used in antifungal assessment. Furthermore, the antifungal bioactive components in CEOs and their potential mechanism of action are summarized. Finally, the applications of CEOs in the food industry are discussed in an attempt to provide new information for future utilization of CEOs in modern industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Jing
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University , Chongqing 400716, China
- Key Laboratory of Horticulture Science for Southern Mountainous Regions, Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400715, China
- Plant Biology Division, The Samuel Roberts Noble Foundation, 2510 Sam Noble Parkway, Ardmore, Oklahoma 73401, United States
| | - Zhentian Lei
- Plant Biology Division, The Samuel Roberts Noble Foundation, 2510 Sam Noble Parkway, Ardmore, Oklahoma 73401, United States
| | - Ligai Li
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University , Chongqing 400716, China
- Key Laboratory of Horticulture Science for Southern Mountainous Regions, Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Rangjin Xie
- Citrus Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Southwest University , Chongqing 400712, China
| | - Wanpeng Xi
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University , Chongqing 400716, China
- Key Laboratory of Horticulture Science for Southern Mountainous Regions, Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Yu Guan
- Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine affiliated TCM University , Shanghai 200071, China
| | - Lloyd W Sumner
- Plant Biology Division, The Samuel Roberts Noble Foundation, 2510 Sam Noble Parkway, Ardmore, Oklahoma 73401, United States
| | - Zhiqin Zhou
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University , Chongqing 400716, China
- Key Laboratory of Horticulture Science for Southern Mountainous Regions, Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400715, China
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Tan S, Li M, Ding X, Fan S, Guo L, Gu M, Zhang Y, Feng L, Jiang D, Li Y, Xi W, Huang C, Zhou Z. Effects of Fortunella margarita fruit extract on metabolic disorders in high-fat diet-induced obese C57BL/6 mice. PLoS One 2014; 9:e93510. [PMID: 24705395 PMCID: PMC3976270 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0093510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2013] [Accepted: 03/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Obesity is a nutritional disorder associated with many health problems such as dyslipidemia, type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. In the present study, we investigated the anti-metabolic disorder effects of kumquat (Fortunella margarita Swingle) fruit extract (FME) on high-fat diet-induced C57BL/6 obese mice. METHODS The kumquat fruit was extracted with ethanol and the main flavonoids of this extract were analyzed by HPLC. For the preventive experiment, female C57BL/6 mice were fed with a normal diet (Chow), high-fat diet (HF), and high-fat diet with 1% (w/w) extract of kumquat (HF+FME) for 8 weeks. For the therapeutic experiment, female C57BL/6 mice were fed with high-fat diet for 3 months to induce obesity. Then the obese mice were divided into two groups randomly, and fed with HF or HF+FME for another 2 weeks. Body weight and daily food intake amounts were recorded. Fasting blood glucose, glucose tolerance test, insulin tolerance test, serum and liver lipid levels were assayed and the white adipose tissues were imaged. The gene expression in mice liver and brown adipose tissues were analyzed with a quantitative PCR assay. RESULTS In the preventive treatment, FME controlled the body weight gain and the size of white adipocytes, lowered the fasting blood glucose, serum total cholesterol (TC), serum low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c) levels as well as liver lipid contents in high-fat diet-fed C57BL/6 mice. In the therapeutic treatment, FME decreased the serum triglyceride (TG), serum TC, serum LDL-c, fasting blood glucose levels and liver lipid contents, improved glucose tolerance and insulin tolerance. Compared with the HF group, FME significantly increased the mRNA expression of PPARα and its target genes. CONCLUSION Our study suggests that FME may be a potential dietary supplement for preventing and ameliorating the obesity and obesity-related metabolic disturbances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si Tan
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Drug Discovery Lab, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Horticulture Science for Southern Mountainous Regions, Ministry of Education, Chongqing, China
| | - Mingxia Li
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Drug Discovery Lab, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Horticulture Science for Southern Mountainous Regions, Ministry of Education, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaobo Ding
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Drug Discovery Lab, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Horticulture Science for Southern Mountainous Regions, Ministry of Education, Chongqing, China
| | - Shengjie Fan
- Drug Discovery Lab, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lu Guo
- Drug Discovery Lab, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ming Gu
- Drug Discovery Lab, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Drug Discovery Lab, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Feng
- Drug Discovery Lab, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Dong Jiang
- Citrus Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chongqing, China
| | - Yiming Li
- Drug Discovery Lab, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wanpeng Xi
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Horticulture Science for Southern Mountainous Regions, Ministry of Education, Chongqing, China
| | - Cheng Huang
- Drug Discovery Lab, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- * E-mail: (ZZ); (CH)
| | - Zhiqin Zhou
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Horticulture Science for Southern Mountainous Regions, Ministry of Education, Chongqing, China
- * E-mail: (ZZ); (CH)
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Lu Y, Xi W, Ding X, Fan S, Zhang Y, Jiang D, Li Y, Huang C, Zhou Z. Citrange fruit extracts alleviate obesity-associated metabolic disorder in high-fat diet-induced obese C57BL/6 mouse. Int J Mol Sci 2013; 14:23736-50. [PMID: 24317433 PMCID: PMC3876074 DOI: 10.3390/ijms141223736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2013] [Revised: 11/13/2013] [Accepted: 11/18/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is becoming one of the global epidemics of the 21st century. In this study, the effects of citrange (Citrus sinensis × Poncirus trifoliata) fruit extracts in high-fat (HF) diet-induced obesity mice were studied. Female C57BL/6 mice were fed respectively a chow diet (control), an HF diet, HF diet supplemented with 1% w/w citrange peel extract (CPE) or 1% w/w citrange flesh and seed extract (CFSE) for 8 weeks. Our results showed that both CPE and CFSE regulated the glucose metabolic disorders of obese mice. In CPE and CFSE-treated groups, the body weight gain, blood glucose, serum total cholesterol (TC) and low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c) levels were significantly (p < 0.05) reduced relative to those in the HF group. To explore the mechanisms of action of CPE and CFSE on the metabolism of glucose and lipid, related genes’ expressions in liver were assayed. In liver tissue, the expression level of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) and its target genes were down-regulated by CPE and CFSE supplementation as revealed by qPCR tests. In addition, both CPE and CFSE decreased the expression level of liver X receptor (LXR) α and β, which are involved in lipid and glucose metabolism. Taken together, these results suggest that CPE and CFSE administration could ameliorate obesity and related metabolic disorders in HF diet-induced obesity mice probably through the inhibition of PPARγ and LXRs gene expressions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Lu
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China; E-Mails: (Y.L.); (W.X.); (X.D.)
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China; E-Mails: (S.F.); (Y.Z.); (Y.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Horticulture Science for Southern Mountainous Regions, Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Wanpeng Xi
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China; E-Mails: (Y.L.); (W.X.); (X.D.)
| | - Xiaobo Ding
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China; E-Mails: (Y.L.); (W.X.); (X.D.)
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China; E-Mails: (S.F.); (Y.Z.); (Y.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Horticulture Science for Southern Mountainous Regions, Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Shengjie Fan
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China; E-Mails: (S.F.); (Y.Z.); (Y.L.)
| | - Yu Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China; E-Mails: (S.F.); (Y.Z.); (Y.L.)
| | - Dong Jiang
- Citrus Research Institute, Chinese Academy Agricultural Science, Chongqing 400712, China; E-Mail:
| | - Yiming Li
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China; E-Mails: (S.F.); (Y.Z.); (Y.L.)
| | - Cheng Huang
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China; E-Mails: (S.F.); (Y.Z.); (Y.L.)
- Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mails: (Z.Z.); (C.H.); Tel.: +86-23-6825-0229 (Z.Z.); +86-21-5132-2182 (C.H.); Fax: +86-23-6825-1274 (Z.Z.); +86-21-5132-2193 (C.H.)
| | - Zhiqin Zhou
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China; E-Mails: (Y.L.); (W.X.); (X.D.)
- Key Laboratory of Horticulture Science for Southern Mountainous Regions, Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400715, China
- Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mails: (Z.Z.); (C.H.); Tel.: +86-23-6825-0229 (Z.Z.); +86-21-5132-2182 (C.H.); Fax: +86-23-6825-1274 (Z.Z.); +86-21-5132-2193 (C.H.)
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Wei C, Xi W, Nie X, Liu W, Wang Q, Yang B, Cao D. Aroma characterization of flaxseed oils using headspace solid-phase microextraction and gas chromatography-olfactometry. EUR J LIPID SCI TECH 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ejlt.201200397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Wanpeng Xi
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture; Southwest University; Chongqing; P. R. China
| | - Xinyan Nie
- School of Food Science and Technology; Jiangnan University; State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology; Wuxi, Jiangsu Province; P. R. China
| | - Wenyu Liu
- Xinjiang Shihezi Vocational Technical College; Shihezi; Xinjiang Autonimous Regin, P. R. China
| | - Qiang Wang
- School of Food Science and Technology; Jiangnan University; State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology; Wuxi, Jiangsu Province; P. R. China
| | - Beibei Yang
- School of Food Science and Technology; Jiangnan University; State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology; Wuxi, Jiangsu Province; P. R. China
| | - Dong Cao
- School of Food Science and Technology; Jiangnan University; State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology; Wuxi, Jiangsu Province; P. R. China
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Su M, Chen K, Ye Z, Zhang B, Guo J, Xu C, Sun C, Zhang J, Li X, Wu A, Xi W. Physical changes and physiological characteristics of red and green peel during nectarine (cv. Hu018) maturation. J Sci Food Agric 2012; 92:1448-54. [PMID: 22144032 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.4724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2011] [Revised: 07/02/2011] [Accepted: 08/02/2011] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to determine physical changes in nectarine and distinctive physiological characteristics related to red and green peel under stresses occurring during fruit maturation, information on which is currently not available. RESULTS Fruit firmness increased from 4 to 6 weeks after blooming (WAB) then decreased from 6 WAB until ripening. Anthocyanins in red and green peel during nectarine maturation were identified by high-performance liquid chromatography as cyanidin 3-glucoside together and, at a much lower level, cyanidin 3-rutinoside. Cyanidins in red and green peel decreased from 4 to 8 WAB then increased from 8 to 12 WAB. Anthocyanin contents were positively correlated with PAL, POD, A*, MDA and O2(·-) values and inversely correlated with L* and B* values. Red and green peel during maturation could be separated by hierarchical cluster analysis of the tested data. CONCLUSION This study has provided an overview of red and green peel characteristics during nectarine (cv. Hu018) maturation. Values of A*, anthocyanins, O2(·-), MDA, PAL, PPO and POD in red peel were higher than those in green peel, while values of L*, B* and chroma in red peel were lower than those in green peel throughout fruit maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingshen Su
- Laboratory of Fruit Quality Biology/The State Agriculture Ministry Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
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Feng C, Cong-Xin H, Hong J, Teng W, Yan-Hong T, Xi W. Changes of swelling-activated chloride channels in atrial myocardium of rabbits with heart failure. Heart 2011. [DOI: 10.1136/heartjnl-2011-300867.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Ke-Chun W, Xi W, Dong-Ying Z, Shu Q, Yu-Jing W, Guang-Lei C, Wen-Yi H, Ying Z. A study on risk factors of coronary artery disease in Chong Qing city. Heart 2011. [DOI: 10.1136/heartjnl-2011-300867.301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Xi W, Harwood L, Diamant MJ, Brown JB, Gallo K, Sontrop JM, MacNab JJ, Moist LM. Patient attitudes towards the arteriovenous fistula: a qualitative study on vascular access decision making. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2011; 26:3302-8. [DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfr055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Feng C, Cong-Xin H, Hong J, Yan-Hong T, Xi W, Teng W. e0058 Changes of transient receptor potential channels in atrial myocardium of rabbits with heart failure. Heart 2010. [DOI: 10.1136/hrt.2010.208967.58] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Gonzalez RJ, Brauner CJ, Wang YX, Richards JG, Patrick ML, Xi W, Matey V, Val AL. Impact of ontogenetic changes in branchial morphology on gill function in Arapaima gigas. Physiol Biochem Zool 2010; 83:322-32. [PMID: 20100089 DOI: 10.1086/648568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Soon after hatching, the osteoglossid fish Arapaima gigas undergoes a rapid transition from a water breather to an obligate air breather. This is followed by a gradual disappearance of gill lamellae, which leaves smooth filaments with a reduced branchial diffusion capacity due to loss of surface area, and a fourfold increase in diffusion distance. This study evaluated the effects these changes have on gill function by examining two size classes of fish that differ in gill morphology. In comparison to smaller fish (approximately 67.5 g), which still have lamellae, larger fish (approximately 724.2 g) without lamellae took up a slightly greater percentage of O2 across the gills (30.1% vs. 23.9%), which indicates that the morphological changes do not place limitations on O2 uptake in larger fish. Both size groups excreted similar percentages of CO2 across the gills (85%-90%). However, larger fish had higher blood PCO2 (26.51.9 vs. 16.51.5 mmHg) and HCO3(-) (40.2 +/- 2.9 vs. 33.6 +/- 4.5 mmol L(-1)) concentrations and lower blood pH (7.58 +/- 0.01 vs. 7.70 +/- 0.04) than did smaller fish, despite having lower mass-specific metabolisms, suggesting a possible diffusion limitation for CO2 excretion in larger fish. With regard to ion regulation, rates of diffusive Na+ loss were about 3.5 times higher in larger fish than they were in smaller fish, despite the lowered branchial diffusion capacity, and rates of Na+ uptake were higher by about the same amount despite 40% lower activity of branchial Na+/K+-ATPase. Kinetic analysis of Na uptake revealed an extremely low-affinity (K(m) = 587.9 +/- 169.5 micromol L(-1)), low-capacity (J(max) = 265.7 +/- 56.8 nmol g(-1) h(-1)) transport system. These data may reflect a general reduction in the role of the gills in ion balance. Renal Na+/K+-ATPase activity was 5-10 times higher than Na+/K+-ATPase activity in the gills, and urine: plasma ratios for Na+ and Cl(-) were very low (0.001-0.005) relative to that of other fish, which suggested an increased role for dietary salt intake and renal salt retention and which was representative of a more "terrestrial" mode of ion regulation. Such de-emphasis of branchial ion regulation confers greatly reduced sensitivity of diffusive ion loss to low water pH. Ammonia excretion also appeared to be impacted by gill changes. Rates of ammonia excretion in larger fish were one third less than that in smaller fish, despite larger fish having blood ammonia concentrations that were twice as high.
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Affiliation(s)
- R J Gonzalez
- Department of Biology, University of San Diego, 5998 Alcalá Park, San Diego, California 92110, USA.
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Xi W, Waldron JD, Lafon CW, Cairns DM, Birt AG, Tchakerian MD, Coulson RN, Klepzig KD. Modeling Long-Term Effects of Altered Fire Regimes following Southern Pine Beetle Outbreaks (North Carolina). ECOL RESTOR 2009. [DOI: 10.3368/er.27.1.24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Xi W, Wang L, Birt AG, Tchakerian MD, Coulson RN, Klepzig KD. An Integrated Approach to Mapping Forest Conditions in the Southern Appalachians (North Carolina). ECOL RESTOR 2008. [DOI: 10.3368/er.26.4.290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Cai B, Liu L, Xi W, Zhu YP, Lu GZ, Yang YX, Wan XP. Comparison of the molecular classification with FIGO stage and histological grade on endometrial cancer. EUR J GYNAECOL ONCOL 2007; 28:451-460. [PMID: 18179135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF INVESTIGATION To classify endometrial cancers based on gene expression profiling, and to compare the prognostic value of the classification systems based on gene expression, grade, and stage. METHODS cDNA microarray was carried out in 32 endometrioid endometrial cancers. Differentially expressed genes were identified among tumor tissues of different grades and stages. The classification and prognosis comparison analysis was performed between histological grades, FIGO stages and gene expression profiles. RESULTS Class comparison analysis between different grade and stage endometrial cancer revealed 33 genes that are differentially expressed in tumors of different grades, ten in those of different stages, and 104 in a combined classification of grades and stages (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION The cDNA microarray technique is a feasible way to generate gene expression profiles of endometrial cancer. Classification based on gene expression patterns may be more accurate than histological grade and FIGO stage classification in predicting the prognosis of tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Cai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated First People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
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Brauner CJ, Wang T, Wang Y, Richards JG, Gonzalez RJ, Bernier NJ, Xi W, Patrick M, Val AL. Limited extracellular but complete intracellular acid-base regulation during short-term environmental hypercapnia in the armoured catfish, Liposarcus pardalis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004; 207:3381-90. [PMID: 15326214 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.01144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Environmental hypercapnia induces a respiratory acidosis that is usually compensated within 24-96 h in freshwater fish. Water ionic composition has a large influence on both the rate and degree of pH recovery during hypercapnia. Waters of the Amazon are characteristically dilute in ions, which may have consequences for acid-base regulation during environmental hypercapnia in endemic fishes. The armoured catfish Liposarcus pardalis, from the Amazon, was exposed to a water P(CO(2)) of 7, 14 or 42 mmHg in soft water (in micromol l(-1): Na(+), 15, Cl(-), 16, K(+), 9, Ca(2+), 9, Mg(2+), 2). Blood pH fell within 2 h from a normocapnic value of 7.90+/-0.03 to 7.56+/-0.04, 7.34+/-0.05 and 6.99+/-0.02, respectively. Only minor extracellular pH (pH(e)) recovery was observed in the subsequent 24-96 h. Despite the pronounced extracellular acidosis, intracellular pH (pH(i)) of the heart, liver and white muscle was tightly regulated within 6 h (the earliest time at which these parameters were measured) via a rapid accumulation of intracellular HCO(3)(-). While most fish regulate pH(i) during exposure to environmental hypercapnia, the time course for this is usually similar to that for pH(e) regulation. The degree of extracellular acidosis tolerated by L. pardalis, and the ability to regulate pH(i) in the face of an extracellular acidosis, are the greatest reported to date in a teleost fish. The preferential regulation of pH(i) in the face of a largely uncompensated extracellular acidosis in L. pardalis is rare among vertebrates, and it is not known whether this is associated with the ability to air-breathe and tolerate aerial exposure, or living in water dilute in counter ions, or with other environmental or evolutionary selective pressures. The ubiquity of this strategy among Amazonian fishes and the mechanisms employed by L. pardalis are clearly worthy of further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- C J Brauner
- Department of Zoology, University of British Columbia, 6270 University Boulevard, Vancouver, B.C., Canada.
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Xi W, Sun L, Yao J, Hu J, Zheng D, Liu Y, Hui L, Wang B, Liu G. Relationship between hyperventilation and intracranial pressure in patients with severe head injury. Chin J Traumatol 2001; 4:190-2. [PMID: 11835730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
With high fatality rate and disability rate, the pathophysiologic changes of severe head injury are complicated. But the method of lowering intracranial pressure (ICP) through artificial hyperventilation is called in question recently. To understand the related changes of the partial pressure of carbon dioxide in artery (PaCO(2)) and the ICP at the acute period of severe head injury, a total of 64 patients with severe head injury were monitored and analyzed on the 3rd day after injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Xi
- Department of Neurosurgery, 155th Hospital of PLA, Kaifeng 475003, China
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Abstract
This study focuses on the separation of titanium dioxide from water by cross-flow microfiltration (CMF) within wastewater treatment by photocatalysis using slurry reactor systems. The systematic studies have shown that the separation performance of TiO2 particles is strongly affected by cross-flow velocity, transmembrane pressure, feed concentration, pH of the suspension and ionic strength. An extreme sensitivity to pH and electrolyte concentration indicates the importance of interfacial effects in solid-liquid separation of TiO2 particles. Under optimal conditions, permeate fluxes of up to 1250 l m-2 h-1, approaching those of pure water, could be obtained with a polypropylene membrane which is not sensitive to abrasion. The obtained results makes TiO2 separation by cross-flow microfiltration attractive in solar-catalytic detoxification.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Xi
- Institut für Thermische Verfahrenstechnik, Technische Universität Clausthal Leibnizstrasse 15, D-38678 Clausthal-Zellerfeld, Germany
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Xi W, Geissen SU, Vogelpohl A. Solar detoxification of wastewater in a novel aerated cascade photoreactor (ACP). Water Sci Technol 2001; 44:237-244. [PMID: 11695465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
A newly developed aerated cascade photoreactor (ACP), based on a non-concentrating suspension photoreactor, combines the advantages of a cascade with the increased mass-transfer and the use of oxygen from air as an oxidizing agent in a bubble column. Systematic studies of the limiting hydrodynamic conditions in the ACP and the solid/liquid-separation of the photocatalyst from the treated wastewater have shown that the ACP is technically and commercially attractive. The ACP outperforms the thin-film fixed-bed reactor (TFFBR) with respect to a 3-13 times higher degradation efficiency for the model compound dichloroacetic acid (DCA). The treatment of two biologically pretreated real wastewaters, one from a textile factory and one from car-washing, have been successfully carried out under artificial light and sunlight.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Xi
- Institut für Thermische Verfahrenstechnik Technische Universität Clausthal, Clausthal-Zellerfeld, Germany
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Geissen SU, Xi W, Weidemeyer A, Vogelpohl A, Bousselmi L, Ghrab A, Nnabi AE. Comparison of suspended and fixed photocatalytic reactor systems. Water Sci Technol 2001; 44:245-249. [PMID: 11695466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Photocatalysis is a promising technology for the purification of pretreated wastewaters in sun-rich countries if an economically applicable reactor system is available. Within this project the catalyst separation as an essential process step of suspended reactor systems was investigated. For the separation of suspended catalyst a sedimentation basin with and without lamella and a membrane filtration were investigated. The sedimentation was found to be very sensitive to the kind of the ion background of wastewater, the pH, the TiO2 influent concentration as well as the hydrodynamics in the clarifier. Under optimized conditions effluent concentrations of less than 5 mg SS/L and a clear water without turbidity could be reached with a specific flow rate of up to 0.7 m3/m2/h. The best performance for P25 was achieved with a TiO2 influent concentration of 5 g/L. Membrane filtration was the only method to guarantee a complete retention of the TiO2 as well as a rejection of microorganisms and high molecular compounds. With cross-flow velocities of 3 m/s and a transmembrane pressure of 100 kPa flux rates up to 1,200 L/m2/h were achieved. A flow-film-reactor (FFR) was operated with the model compound DCA under identical conditions with fixed and suspended TiO2. Whereas the fixed system has the advantage that no separation step is necessary and a simple construction can be used, suspended systems offer a three times higher reaction velocity for a catalyst concentration of 10 g/L, but are also characterized by higher investment costs.
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Affiliation(s)
- S U Geissen
- Institut für Thermische Verfahrenstechnik, Clausthal University of Technology, Clausthal-Zellerfeld, Germany
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Abstract
Interactions of low-frequency magnetic fields with biological systems have been a subject of intense scientific inquiry and public concern. Most research has been done at powerline frequencies of 50 Hz or 60 Hz. One of the key questions related to interactions of low-frequency magnetic fields with biological systems is which parameters of the exposure field are responsible for observed effects. Knowledge of the induced electric field and current in various experimental in vitro systems is important for this purpose. The 3D impedance method is used in this research to model spatial patterns of induced electric fields and current in two preparations of cells. A cell monolayer with a random distribution of cells and a confluent monolayer of cells with gap junctions are considered; because of the limitations of the computational method, biological cells are represented by cubes rather than more realistic shapes (e.g. spheres). The random model indicates that for higher cell densities the pattern of the induced current flow has a limited dependence on the size and shape of the container in which the cells are placed, it depends mostly on the actual cell placement. Gap junctions, not surprisingly, are shown to increase the current density, but only if their resistance is sufficiently low. The highest current density occurs in the gaps.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Stuchly
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Victoria, PO Box 3055, Victoria, BC, Canada V8W 3P6
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Abstract
Induced electric currents in models of man, rat and mouse from 60 Hz magnetic fields are computed using the impedance method. The models all have realistic shapes, and in the case of rodents, a homogeneous average tissue conductivity is assumed. The model of man is analyzed for two cases, a homogeneous average tissue conductivity and a heterogeneous model, both consisting of 1.3 cm cubical tissue cells whose conductivities are representative of the tissue within the cube. The results for various models and species, as well as different orientations of the magnetic field, are compared. The data presented are useful as the first step in dosimetry for 60 Hz magnetic fields, and for interspecies scaling of biological interactions related to the tissue induced electric currents.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Xi
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Victoria, B.C
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