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Chen Z, Ding H, Zhu H, Huang S, Yan C, Chen ZY. Additional mechanism for selective absorption of cholesterol and Phytosterols. Food Chem 2024; 458:140300. [PMID: 38964108 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.140300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2024] [Revised: 06/16/2024] [Accepted: 06/29/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
Phytosterols are structurally similar to cholesterol but they are much less absorbed (<2%) than cholesterol (>50%) in the intestine. We hypothesize that phytosterols are poor substrates of intestinal acyl-CoA: cholesterol acyltransferase 2 (ACAT2), and thus minimal phytosterol esters are formed and packed into chylomicrons, leading to their low absorption. Two isotope tracing models, including a radioactive hamster microsomal ACAT2 reaction model and a differentiated Caco-2 cell model, were established to examine the specificity of ACAT2 to various sterols, including cholesterol, sitosterol, stigmasterol, and campesterol. Both models consistently demonstrated that only cholesterol but not phytosterols could be efficiently esterified by ACAT2 in a time- and dose-dependent manner. Molecular docking further suggested that unfavorable interactions existed between ACAT2 and phytosterols. In conclusion, phytosterols are poor substrates of ACAT2 and thus minimally absorbed. This work provides a theoretical basis for the use of phytosterol-based supplements in treating dyslipidemia and preventing heart diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zixing Chen
- School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China..
| | - Huafang Ding
- School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China..
| | - Hanyue Zhu
- School of Food Science and Engineering / Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Intelligent Food Manufacturing, Foshan University, Foshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Shouhe Huang
- School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China..
| | - Chi Yan
- School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China..
| | - Zhen-Yu Chen
- School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China..
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2
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Shen M, Yuan L, Zhang J, Wang X, Zhang M, Li H, Jing Y, Zeng F, Xie J. Phytosterols: Physiological Functions and Potential Application. Foods 2024; 13:1754. [PMID: 38890982 PMCID: PMC11171835 DOI: 10.3390/foods13111754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2024] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Dietary intake of natural substances to regulate physiological functions is currently regarded as a potential way of promoting health. As one of the recommended dietary ingredients, phytosterols that are natural bioactive compounds distributed in plants have received increasing attention for their health effects. Phytosterols have attracted great attention from scientists because of many physiological functions, for example, cholesterol-lowering, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulatory effects. In addition, the physiological functions of phytosterols, the purification, structure analysis, synthesis, and food application of phytosterols have been widely studied. Nowadays, many bioactivities of phytosterols have been assessed in vivo and in vitro. However, the mechanisms of their pharmacological activities are not yet fully understood, and in-depth investigation of the relationship between structure and function is crucial. Therefore, a contemporaneous overview of the extraction, beneficial properties, and the mechanisms, as well as the current states of phytosterol application, in the food field of phytosterols is provided in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Jianhua Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China; (M.S.); (L.Y.); (J.Z.); (X.W.); (M.Z.); (H.L.); (Y.J.); (F.Z.)
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3
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Thuy NTT, Hien HTM, Ha NC, Thom LT, Hong DD, Thinh NV, Dan NT, Hoi ND, Loan VT, Quang HD, Hang DTT, Kiem PV, Tai BH, Hang NTM, Dat NT, Nhiem NX. Chemical constituents from the heterotrophic marine microalgae Aurantiochytrium sp. SC145 and their antimicrobial activities. Nat Prod Res 2024; 38:789-795. [PMID: 37086471 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2023.2201882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/24/2023]
Abstract
One new indol, N-methoxymethyltryptophol (1), one new phenolic, (2 R)-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl 2-hydroxy-3-phenylpropanoate (2) and fifteen known compounds (3-17) were isolated from the methanol extract of the fermentation of marine microalgae Aurantiochytrium sp. SC145. Their structures were elucidated by 1D-, 2D-NMR spectroscopic analysis, HR-ESI-MS, quantum chemical calculation methods and by comparing their NMR data with those reported in the literature. All compounds were evaluated for their antimicrobial activities against microorganisms. Compounds 2, 3 and 11 significantly exhibited antimicrobial activities on all tested Gram-(+), Gram-(-) bacteria and the yeast C. albicans with MIC values ranging from 32 to 256 µg/mL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nguyen Thi Thu Thuy
- Graduate University of Science and Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), Hanoi, Vietnam
- Joint Vietnam - Russia Tropical Science and Technology Research Center, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | | | | | - Le Thi Thom
- Institute of Biotechnology, VAST, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | | | - Nguyen Van Thinh
- Joint Vietnam - Russia Tropical Science and Technology Research Center, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Trong Dan
- Joint Vietnam - Russia Tropical Science and Technology Research Center, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Dang Hoi
- Joint Vietnam - Russia Tropical Science and Technology Research Center, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Vu Thi Loan
- Joint Vietnam - Russia Tropical Science and Technology Research Center, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Hoang Duc Quang
- Joint Vietnam - Russia Tropical Science and Technology Research Center, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | | | - Phan Van Kiem
- Institute of Marine Biochemistry, VAST, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Bui Huu Tai
- Institute of Marine Biochemistry, VAST, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | | | - Nguyen Tien Dat
- Center for Research and Technology Transfer, VAST, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Xuan Nhiem
- Graduate University of Science and Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), Hanoi, Vietnam
- Institute of Marine Biochemistry, VAST, Hanoi, Vietnam
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4
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Zeng X, Li H, Jiang W, Li Q, Xi Y, Wang X, Li J. Phytochemical compositions, health-promoting properties and food applications of crabapples: A review. Food Chem 2022; 386:132789. [PMID: 35344722 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.132789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Crabapples belong to the genus Malus (Rosaceae), which are small sized edible fruits with unique aroma and taste. According to previous studies, crabapples are rich in bioactive compounds and possess a series of health-promoting properties. Various crabapple-based food products and additives have also been developed by different research groups in recent years. In this paper, we aim to summarize the current knowledge about the phytochemical compositions, health-promoting properties and food applications of crabapples for the first time. It is shown that crabapples are good sources of polyphenols, terpenoids, vitamins, lipids, fibers, soluble sugars, microelements, organic acids and amino acids, which exhibit antioxidant, anticancer, lipid-lowering, anti-diabetic and anti-inflammatory activities in vitro and/or in vivo. Nowadays, the crabapple fruits have been successfully utilized to produce vinegar, jam, mixed beverage, fruit bar/gelatinized layers and lipophilic antioxidant. In a word, crabapples may have great potential in the development of new functional food and drinks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangquan Zeng
- School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, PR China.
| | - He Li
- School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, PR China.
| | - Weibo Jiang
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, PR China.
| | - Qianqian Li
- Beijing Research Center for Agricultural Standards and Testing, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Science, Beijing 100097, PR China.
| | - Yu Xi
- School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, PR China
| | - Xiaomei Wang
- Agricultural Information Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, PR China.
| | - Jian Li
- School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, PR China.
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5
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Xie T, Liu W, Chen Y, Zhou Y. An evaluation of graded levels of beta-sitosterol supplementation on growth performance, antioxidant status, and intestinal permeability-related parameters and morphology in broiler chickens at an early age. Poult Sci 2022; 101:102108. [PMID: 36099659 PMCID: PMC9472065 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2022.102108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 07/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was designed to examine the effects of different levels of beta-sitosterol (BS) supplementation on growth performance, serum biochemical indices, redox status, and intestinal permeability-related parameters and morphology of young broilers. Two hundred and forty male Arbor Acres broiler chicks were allocated into 5 groups of 6 replicates with 8 birds each, and fed a basal diet supplemented with 0, 25, 50, 75, and 100 mg/kg BS for 21-d, respectively. The BS quadratically decreased feed conversion ratio during 1 to 14 d and 1 to 21 d, with its effect being more prominent at 25 or 50 mg/kg (P < 0.05). The BS linearly and quadratically reduced 14-d plasma diamine oxidase activity and D-lactate level, and this effect was more pronounced when its supplemental level was 25 or 50 mg/kg (P < 0.05). The BS linearly increased duodenal villus height (VH) and quadratically increased jejunal VH and ratio of VH and crypt depth (CD) at 14 d, and these effects in 25 mg/kg group were more remarkable (P < 0.05). Similarly, BS linearly or quadratically increased VH and ratio of VH and CD, but decreased CD in the jejunum and ileum at 21 d, with these effects being more pronounced at 50 mg/kg (P < 0.05). The BS supplementation especially at 50 or 75 mg/kg linearly or quadratically reduced 14-d serum and 21-d hepatic malondialdehyde concentration, and increased serum glutathione peroxidase and catalase activities at 14 and 21 d (P < 0.05). Moreover, the BS administration linearly and/or quadratically increased glutathione peroxidase, catalase, and superoxide dismutase activities and glutathione level, and reduced malondialdehyde accumulation in the intestinal mucosa at 14 and/or 21 d, and these consequences were more significant in 50 to 100 mg/kg BS-supplemented groups (P < 0.05). The results demonstrated that BS administration could improve growth performance, intestinal barrier function, and antioxidant status of broilers at an early age, with these effects being more pronounced at a level of 50 mg/kg.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Xie
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenhan Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Yueping Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yanmin Zhou
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, People's Republic of China
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6
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Hoang TMH, Luu TT, Ngo THT, Nguyen TMH, Tran HG, Nguyen TTO, Chau VM, Hong DD. Hypolipidaemic Effects of (24R)-4α-methyl-5α-stigmasta-7,22-dien-3β-ol Derived from Aurantiochytrium mangrovei BT3 in the HEPG2 Cell Line. APPL BIOCHEM MICRO+ 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s0003683822030048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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7
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Zhang R, Han Y, McClements DJ, Xu D, Chen S. Production, Characterization, Delivery, and Cholesterol-Lowering Mechanism of Phytosterols: A Review. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:2483-2494. [PMID: 35170307 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c07390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Phytosterols are natural plant-based bioactive compounds that can lower blood cholesterol levels and help prevent cardiovascular diseases. Consequently, they are being utilized in functional foods, supplements, and pharmaceutical products designed to improve human health. This paper summarizes different approaches to isolate, purify, and characterize phytosterols. It also discusses the hypolipidemic mechanisms of phytosterols and their impact on cholesterol transportation. Phytosterols have a low water-solubility, poor chemical stability, and limited bioavailability, which limits their utilization and efficacy in functional foods. Strategies are therefore being developed to overcome these shortcomings. Colloidal delivery systems, such as emulsions, oleogels, liposomes, and nanoparticles, have been shown to be effective at improving the water-dispersibility, stability, and bioavailability of phytosterols. These delivery systems can be used to incorporate phytosterols into a broader range of cholesterol-lowering functional foods and beverages. We also discuses several issues that need to be addressed before these phytosterol delivery systems can find widespread commercial utilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruyi Zhang
- School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Yahong Han
- College of Engineering, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - David Julian McClements
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Duoxia Xu
- Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, Beijing Technology & Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Shuai Chen
- School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
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8
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Sirajunnisa AR, Surendhiran D, Kozani PS, Kozani PS, Hamidi M, Cabrera-Barjas G, Delattre C. An overview on the role of microalgal metabolites and pigments in apoptosis induction against copious diseases. ALGAL RES 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2021.102556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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9
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Green microsaponification-based method for gas chromatography determination of sterol and squalene in cyanobacterial biomass. Talanta 2021; 224:121793. [PMID: 33379022 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2020.121793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2020] [Revised: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Sterol analysis of complex matrices can be very laborious. To minimize the existing drawbacks, a new micro-method of sterols and squalene determination in cyanobacteria was developed and applied to monitor their production of Phormidium autumnale cultured heterotrophically. Sample extraction/saponification and GC analysis of the target compounds were optimized separately using Plackett-Burman design (PB) followed by a central composite rotational design (CCRD). The most influential variables were identified to maximize compound recovery. Chloroform presented the highest capability to extract all target compounds with a horizontal shaker table (HST) for homogenization in the saponification step. For the pretreatment, a small amount of chloroform was used for 90 min at 50 °C and 6 min for the saponification time. The sample introduction in the GC injector was studied by evaluating pressure and injector temperature. High response for sterols and squalene were obtained between 19 and 23 psi and at 310 °C of injection temperature. The new method was able to determine different sterol concentrations: 0.2-0.6 mg kg-1 of squalene, 5-18 mg kg-1 of stigmasterol, 6 mg kg-1 of cholesterol, and 3 mg kg-1 of β-sitosterol, showing high analytical performance and fulfilling all steps, thus proving to be a promising technique.
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10
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Laura AP, Múzquiz de la Garza AR, Elena PM, Gutiérrez-Uribe JA, Armando TC, Cruz-Suárez LE, Serna-Saldívar SO. Effects of Ecklonia arborea or Silvetia compressa algae intake on serum lipids and hepatic fat accumulation in Wistar rats fed hyperlipidic diets. ALGAL RES 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2020.101946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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11
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The Delta 5,
7‐Sterols
and Astaxanthin in the Marine Microheterotroph
Schizochytrium
sp.
S31. J AM OIL CHEM SOC 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/aocs.12364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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12
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Salazar JR, Loza-Mejía MA, Soto-Cabrera D. Chemistry, Biological Activities and In Silico Bioprospection of Sterols and Triterpenes from Mexican Columnar Cactaceae. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25071649. [PMID: 32260146 PMCID: PMC7180492 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25071649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Revised: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The Cactaceae family is an important source of triterpenes and sterols. The wide uses of those plants include food, gathering, medicinal, and live fences. Several studies have led to the isolation and characterization of many bioactive compounds. This review is focused on the chemistry and biological properties of sterols and triterpenes isolated mainly from some species with columnar and arborescent growth forms of Mexican Cactaceae. Regarding the biological properties of those compounds, apart from a few cases, their molecular mechanisms displayed are not still fully understand. To contribute to the above, computational chemistry tools have given a boost to traditional methods used in natural products research, allowing a more comprehensive exploration of chemistry and biological activities of isolated compounds and extracts. From this information an in silico bioprospection was carried out. The results suggest that sterols and triterpenoids present in Cactaceae have interesting substitution patterns that allow them to interact with some bio targets related to inflammation, metabolic diseases, and neurodegenerative processes. Thus, they should be considered as attractive leads for the development of drugs for the management of chronic degenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Rodrigo Salazar
- Correspondence: (J.R.S.); (M.A.L.-M.); Tel.: +52-55-5278-9500 (J.R.S. & M.A.L.-M.)
| | - Marco A. Loza-Mejía
- Correspondence: (J.R.S.); (M.A.L.-M.); Tel.: +52-55-5278-9500 (J.R.S. & M.A.L.-M.)
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14
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Chen J, Tang G, Zhou J, Liu W, Bi Y. The characterization of soybean germ oil and the antioxidative activity of its phytosterols. RSC Adv 2019; 9:40109-40117. [PMID: 35541380 PMCID: PMC9076239 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra08771k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to characterize the composition of soybean germ and its oil from Northeast (NE-SG) and Shandong Province (SD-SG) of China with a focus on the composition of fatty acids and phytosterols as well as physicochemical properties. The results show that the average contents of water, protein, crude fat, crude fiber and ash of NE-SG and SD-SG were 8.23 ± 0.11%, 40.47 ± 0.10%, 11.65 ± 0.14%, 6.20 ± 0.09% and 4.79 ± 0.14%, respectively. The major fatty acids of the two soybean germ oils were linoleic acid (NE-SGO, 55.45%; SD-SGO, 52.15%), alpha-linolenic acid (NE-SGO, 16.21%; SD-SGO, 18.50%), palmitic acid (NE-SGO, 12.59%; SD-SGO, 11.40%) and oleic acid (NE-SGO, 9.87%; SD-SGO, 10.96%). The soybean germs were rich in phytosterols (NE-SGO, 3168 mg/100 g oil; SD-SGO, 3010 mg/100 g oil) consisting of β-sitosterol, Δ7-stigmastenol, campesterol, stigmastanol, and citrostadienol. The antioxidant ability of soybean germ phytosterols was evaluated using DPPH˙ and OH˙ radical scavenging assays, β-carotene protection assay and a heating oil system. The results demonstrated that soybean germ phytosterols had better antioxidant ability in oil systems than in non-oil systems. The antioxidant ability of these phytosterols was temperature- and time-dependent since it was more effective at lower temperatures (60 °C) with longer times as compared to higher temperatures (120 °C and 180 °C) with shorter times. These results prove that soybean germ phytosterols could be used as antioxidants in preventing lipid oxidation in foods stored at a low temperature for a long time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingnan Chen
- College of Food Science and Technology, Henan University of Technology Zhengzhou 450001 China +86-371-67758022 +86-371-67758022
| | - Guiyun Tang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Henan University of Technology Zhengzhou 450001 China +86-371-67758022 +86-371-67758022
| | - Jinfen Zhou
- College of Food Science and Technology, Henan University of Technology Zhengzhou 450001 China +86-371-67758022 +86-371-67758022
| | - Wei Liu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Henan University of Technology Zhengzhou 450001 China +86-371-67758022 +86-371-67758022
| | - Yanlan Bi
- College of Food Science and Technology, Henan University of Technology Zhengzhou 450001 China +86-371-67758022 +86-371-67758022
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15
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Le Goff M, Le Ferrec E, Mayer C, Mimouni V, Lagadic-Gossmann D, Schoefs B, Ulmann L. Microalgal carotenoids and phytosterols regulate biochemical mechanisms involved in human health and disease prevention. Biochimie 2019; 167:106-118. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2019.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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16
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Guidetti Vendruscolo R, Bittencourt Fagundes M, Jacob-Lopes E, Wagner R. Analytical strategies for using gas chromatography to control and optimize microalgae bioprocessing. Curr Opin Food Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cofs.2019.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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17
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Li X, Wang H, Wang T, Zheng F, Wang H, Wang C. Dietary wood pulp-derived sterols modulation of cholesterol metabolism and gut microbiota in high-fat-diet-fed hamsters. Food Funct 2019; 10:775-785. [DOI: 10.1039/c8fo02271b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Wood pulp-derived sterols (WS) supplementation ameliorated HFD-associated metabolic disorder; WS supplementation increased the amounts of fecal sterols excretion and SCFAs content; WS supplementation modulated gut microbiota composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Li
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health
- Beijing Technology & Business University (BTBU)
- Beijing 100048
- China
- Beijing Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety
| | - Huali Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety
- Tianjin University of Science and Technology (TUST)
- Tianjin 300457
- China
| | - Tianxin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety
- Tianjin University of Science and Technology (TUST)
- Tianjin 300457
- China
| | - Fuping Zheng
- Beijing Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety
- Beijing Technology and Business University
- Beijing 100048
- China
| | - Hao Wang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health
- Beijing Technology & Business University (BTBU)
- Beijing 100048
- China
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety
| | - Chengtao Wang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health
- Beijing Technology & Business University (BTBU)
- Beijing 100048
- China
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Electrochemical sensing of cholesterol by molecularly imprinted polymer of silylated graphene oxide and chemically modified nanocellulose polymer. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2018; 92:942-956. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2018.07.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2017] [Revised: 07/12/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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19
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Ramos-Vega A, Rosales-Mendoza S, Bañuelos-Hernández B, Angulo C. Prospects on the Use of Schizochytrium sp. to Develop Oral Vaccines. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:2506. [PMID: 30410471 PMCID: PMC6209683 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.02506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2018] [Accepted: 10/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Although oral subunit vaccines are highly relevant in the fight against widespread diseases, their high cost, safety and proper immunogenicity are attributes that have yet to be addressed in many cases and thus these limitations should be considered in the development of new oral vaccines. Prominent examples of new platforms proposed to address these limitations are plant cells and microalgae. Schizochytrium sp. constitutes an attractive expression host for vaccine production because of its high biosynthetic capacity, fast growth in low cost culture media, and the availability of processes for industrial scale production. In addition, whole Schizochytrium sp. cells may serve as delivery vectors; especially for oral vaccines since Schizochytrium sp. is safe for oral consumption, produces immunomodulatory compounds, and may provide bioencapsulation to the antigen, thus increasing its bioavailability. Remarkably, Schizochytrium sp. was recently used for the production of a highly immunoprotective influenza vaccine. Moreover, an efficient method for transient expression of antigens based on viral vectors and Schizochytrium sp. as host has been recently developed. In this review, the potential of Schizochytrium sp. in vaccinology is placed in perspective, with emphasis on its use as an attractive oral vaccination vehicle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abel Ramos-Vega
- Grupo de Inmunología and Vacunología, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste, La Paz, Mexico
| | - Sergio Rosales-Mendoza
- Laboratorio de Biofarmacéuticos Recombinantes, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí, Mexico.,Sección de Biotecnología, Centro de Investigación en Ciencias de la Salud y Biomedicina, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí, Mexico
| | | | - Carlos Angulo
- Grupo de Inmunología and Vacunología, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste, La Paz, Mexico
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Cui B, Guo B, Wang H, Zhang D, Liu H, Bai L, Yan H, Han D. Graphene oxide-based composite monolith as new sorbent for the on-line solid phase extraction and high performance liquid chromatography determination of ß-sitosterol in food samples. Talanta 2018; 186:200-205. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2018.04.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2018] [Revised: 04/15/2018] [Accepted: 04/20/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Wong TY, Tan YQ, Lin SM, Leung LK. Apigenin and luteolin display differential hypocholesterolemic mechanisms in mice fed a high-fat diet. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 96:1000-1007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.11.131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2017] [Revised: 11/16/2017] [Accepted: 11/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
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Therapeutic Potentials of Microalgae in the Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22030480. [PMID: 28335462 PMCID: PMC6155420 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22030480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2016] [Revised: 03/07/2017] [Accepted: 03/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Current research is geared towards the discovery of new compounds with strong neuroprotective potential and few or no side effects compared to synthetic drugs. This review focuses on the potentials of extracts and biologically active compounds derived from microalgal biomass for the treatment and management of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Microalgal research has gained much attention recently due to its contribution to the production of renewable fuels and the ability of alga cells to produce several secondary metabolites such as carotenoids, polyphenols, sterols, polyunsaturated fatty acids and polysaccharides. These compounds exhibit several pharmacological activities and possess neuroprotective potential. The pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) involves complex mechanisms that are associated with oxidative stress, cholinergic dysfunction, neuronal damage, protein misfolding and aggregation. The antioxidant, anticholinesterase activities as well as the inhibitory effects of some bioactive compounds from microalgae extracts on β-amyloid aggregation and neuronal death are discussed extensively. Phytochemical compounds from microalgae are used as pharmaceuticals, nutraceuticals and food supplements, and may possess neuroprotective potentials that are relevant to the management and/or treatment of AD.
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Chen S, Bi Y, Sun S, Chen J. The Content and Composition of Total, Free, and Esterified Sterols of Lotus Plumule Oil by GC–MS/FID. J AM OIL CHEM SOC 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s11746-017-2952-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Navarro F, Forján E, Vázquez M, Montero Z, Bermejo E, Castaño MÁ, Toimil A, Chagüaceda E, García-Sevillano MÁ, Sánchez M, Domínguez MJ, Pásaro R, Garbayo I, Vílchez C, Vega JM. Microalgae as a safe food source for animals: nutritional characteristics of the acidophilic microalga Coccomyxa onubensis. Food Nutr Res 2016; 60:30472. [PMID: 27756449 PMCID: PMC5069342 DOI: 10.3402/fnr.v60.30472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2015] [Revised: 09/12/2016] [Accepted: 09/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Edible microalgae are marine or fresh water mesophilic species. Although the harvesting of microalgae offers an abundance of opportunities to the food and pharmaceutical industries, the possibility to use extremophilic microalgae as a food source for animals is not well-documented. OBJECTIVE We studied the effects of dietary supplementation of a powdered form of the acidophilic microalga Coccomyxa onubensis on growth and health parameters of laboratory rats. METHOD Four randomly organized groups of rats (n=6) were fed a standard diet (Diet 1, control) or with a diet in which 0.4% (Diet 2), 1.25% (Diet 3), or 6.25% (Diet 4) (w/w) of the standard diet weight was substituted with dried microalgae powder, respectively. The four groups of animals were provided ad libitum access to feed for 45 days. RESULTS C. onubensis biomass is rich in protein (44.60% of dry weight) and dietary fiber (15.73%), and has a moderate carbohydrate content (24.8%) and a low lipid content (5.4%) in which polyunsaturated fatty acids represent 65% of the total fatty acid. Nucleic acids are present at 4.8%. No significant difference was found in growth rates or feed efficiency ratios of the four groups of rats. Histological studies of liver and kidney tissue revealed healthy organs in control and C. onubensis-fed animals, while plasma hematological and biochemical parameters were within healthy ranges for all animals. Furthermore, animals fed a microalgae-enriched diet exhibited a statistically significant decrease in both blood cholesterol and triglyceride levels. The blood triglyceride content and very low density lipoprotein-cholesterol levels decreased by about 50% in rats fed Diet 4. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that C. onubensis may be useful as a food supplement for laboratory animals and may also serve as a nutraceutical in functional foods. In addition, microalgae powder-supplemented diets exerted a significant hypocholesterolemic and hypotriglyceridemic effect in animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Navarro
- Department of Environmental Biology and Public Health, Cell Biology, Faculty of Experimental Sciences, University of Huelva, Huelva, Spain
- Algal Biotechnology Group, CIDERTA and Faculty of Sciences, University of Huelva and Marine International Campus of Excellence (CEIMAR), Huelva, Spain
| | - Eduardo Forján
- Algal Biotechnology Group, CIDERTA and Faculty of Sciences, University of Huelva and Marine International Campus of Excellence (CEIMAR), Huelva, Spain
| | - María Vázquez
- Algal Biotechnology Group, CIDERTA and Faculty of Sciences, University of Huelva and Marine International Campus of Excellence (CEIMAR), Huelva, Spain
| | - Zaida Montero
- Department of Environmental Biology and Public Health, Cell Biology, Faculty of Experimental Sciences, University of Huelva, Huelva, Spain
- Algal Biotechnology Group, CIDERTA and Faculty of Sciences, University of Huelva and Marine International Campus of Excellence (CEIMAR), Huelva, Spain
| | - Elisabeth Bermejo
- Algal Biotechnology Group, CIDERTA and Faculty of Sciences, University of Huelva and Marine International Campus of Excellence (CEIMAR), Huelva, Spain
| | | | - Alberto Toimil
- Department of Environmental Biology and Public Health, Cell Biology, Faculty of Experimental Sciences, University of Huelva, Huelva, Spain
| | | | - Miguel Ángel García-Sevillano
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Science, Faculty of Experimental Sciences, University of Huelva, Huelva, Spain
| | | | - María José Domínguez
- Algal Biotechnology Group, CIDERTA and Faculty of Sciences, University of Huelva and Marine International Campus of Excellence (CEIMAR), Huelva, Spain
| | - Rosario Pásaro
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Seville, Seville, Spain
| | - Inés Garbayo
- Algal Biotechnology Group, CIDERTA and Faculty of Sciences, University of Huelva and Marine International Campus of Excellence (CEIMAR), Huelva, Spain
| | - Carlos Vílchez
- Algal Biotechnology Group, CIDERTA and Faculty of Sciences, University of Huelva and Marine International Campus of Excellence (CEIMAR), Huelva, Spain;
| | - José María Vega
- Department of Plant Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Seville, Seville, Spain
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Luo X, Su P, Zhang W. Advances in Microalgae-Derived Phytosterols for Functional Food and Pharmaceutical Applications. Mar Drugs 2015; 13:4231-54. [PMID: 26184233 PMCID: PMC4515614 DOI: 10.3390/md13074231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2015] [Revised: 06/29/2015] [Accepted: 06/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Microalgae contain a variety of bioactive lipids with potential applications in aquaculture feed, biofuel, food and pharmaceutical industries. While microalgae-derived polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) and their roles in promoting human health have been extensively studied, other lipid types from this resource, such as phytosterols, have been poorly explored. Phytosterols have been used as additives in many food products such as spread, dairy products and salad dressing. This review focuses on the recent advances in microalgae-derived phytosterols with functional bioactivities and their potential applications in functional food and pharmaceutical industries. It highlights the importance of microalgae-derived lipids other than PUFA for the development of an advanced microalgae industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Luo
- Flinders Centre for Marine Bioproducts Development, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA 5042, Australia.
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Medicine, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA 5042, Australia.
| | - Peng Su
- Flinders Centre for Marine Bioproducts Development, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA 5042, Australia.
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Medicine, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA 5042, Australia.
| | - Wei Zhang
- Flinders Centre for Marine Bioproducts Development, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA 5042, Australia.
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Medicine, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA 5042, Australia.
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Yao L, Gerde JA, Lee SL, Wang T, Harrata KA. Microalgae lipid characterization. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2015; 63:1773-1787. [PMID: 25608629 DOI: 10.1021/jf5050603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
To meet the growing interest of utilizing microalgae biomass in the production of biofuels and nutraceutical and pharmaceutical lipids, we need suitable analytical methods and a comprehensive database for their lipid components. The objective of the present work was to demonstrate methodology and provide data on fatty acid composition, lipid class content and composition, characteristics of the unsaponifiables, and type of chlorophylls of five microalgae. Microalgae lipids were fractionated into TAG, FFA, and polar lipids using TLC, and the composition of fatty acids in total lipids and in each lipid class, hydrocarbons, and sterols were determined by GC-MS. Glyco- and phospholipids were profiled by LC/ESI-MS. Chlorophylls and their related metabolites were qualified by LC/APCI-MS. The melting and crystallization profiles of microalgae total lipids and their esters were analyzed by DSC to evaluate their potential biofuel applications. Significant differences and complexities of lipid composition among the algae tested were observed. The compositional information is valuable for strain selection, downstream biomass fractionation, and utilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linxing Yao
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition and ‡Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University , Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
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