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Luo H, Zhang C, He L, Lin Z, Zhang JC, Qi Q, Chen JX, Yao W. 18β-glycyrrhetinic acid ameliorates MPTP-induced neurotoxicity in mice through activation of microglial anti-inflammatory phenotype. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2023; 240:1947-1961. [PMID: 37436491 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-023-06415-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE 18β-glycyrrhetinic acid (18β-GA) has been reported to have anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects. However, the therapeutic effect of 18β-GA in Parkinson's disease (PD) has not been defined. OBJECTIVE The current study aimed to evaluate the potential therapeutic effects of 18β-GA in treating PD by mitigating 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-induced neurotoxicity. RESULTS The study showed that 18β-GA has anti-inflammatory effects by upregulating TREM2 expression in BV2 cells, which correlates with the presence of NF-E2-related factor-2 (Nrf2). 18β-GA reduced inflammation in BV2 cells treated with 1-methyl-4- phenylpyridinium (MPP+) by enhancing TREM2 expression, which promotes an anti-inflammatory microglial phenotype. Repeated administration of 18β-GA in MPTP-treated mice led to therapeutic effects by enhancing TREM2 expression, resulting in the activation of anti-inflammatory microglia. Moreover, 18β-GA attenuated the decrease in brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels in both MPP+-induced BV2 cells and MPTP-intoxicated mice, indicating the involvement of BDNF in the beneficial effects of 18β-GA. CONCLUSIONS It is probable that activating microglial anti-inflammatory response through TREM2 expression might serve as a novel therapeutic strategy for PD. Additionally, 18β-GA seems to hold potential as a new therapeutic agent for PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanyue Luo
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Formula-Pattern Research Center, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Caishi Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, Guangdong, China
| | - Lujuan He
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Zefang Lin
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Ji-Chun Zhang
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Qi Qi
- MOE Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Biology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China.
| | - Jia-Xu Chen
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Formula-Pattern Research Center, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China.
| | - Wei Yao
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Formula-Pattern Research Center, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China.
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Wang Y, Meng S, Wang S, Wang Z, Dou X, Dou M, Li Y, Ma Y, He L, Shao Q, Zhang C. Monoammonium glycyrrhizinate improves antioxidant capacity of calf intestinal epithelial cells exposed to heat stress in vitro. J Anim Sci 2023; 101:skad142. [PMID: 37155664 PMCID: PMC10289279 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skad142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Dairy calves are highly susceptible to the negative effects of heat stress, which can cause organ hypoxia after blood redistribution, damage the intestinal barrier, and trigger intestinal oxidative stress. This study aimed to investigate the antioxidant effects of monoammonium glycyrrhizinate (MAG) on calf small intestinal epithelial cells under heat stress in vitro. Small intestinal epithelial cells were isolated from a 1-d-old healthy calf and purified by differential enzymatic detachment. The purified cells were divided into seven groups. The control group was cultured with DMEM/F-12 at 37 °C for 6 h, and the treatment groups were cultured with 0, 0.1, 0.25, 0.5, 1, or 5 μg/mL MAG at 42 °C for 6 h. Heat stress causes oxidative damage to cells. Adding MAG to the medium can significantly improve cell activity and reduce cellular oxidative stress. MAG significantly increased the total antioxidant capacity and superoxide dismutase activity caused by heat stress, and significantly decreased malondialdehyde and nitric oxide levels. The MAG treatment also reduced lactate dehydrogenase release, increased mitochondrial membrane potential, and decreased apoptosis under heat stress. MAG also upregulated the expression of the antioxidant-related genes, Nrf2 and GSTT1, in heat-stressed intestinal epithelial cells and significantly downregulated the expression of the heat shock response-related proteins, MAPK, HSP70, HSP90, and HSP27. From the above results, we conclude that 0.25 μg/mL MAG improves the capability of the antioxidant system in small intestinal epithelial cells to eliminate reactive oxygen species by activating antioxidant pathways, improving the oxidant/antioxidant balance, lowering excessive heat shock responses, and reducing intestinal oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuexin Wang
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Welfare and Health Breeding, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China
- Innovative Research Team of Livestock Intelligent Breeding and Equipment, Longmen Laboratory, Luoyang 471023, China
| | - Sudan Meng
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Welfare and Health Breeding, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China
- Innovative Research Team of Livestock Intelligent Breeding and Equipment, Longmen Laboratory, Luoyang 471023, China
| | - Shuai Wang
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Welfare and Health Breeding, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China
| | - Zhaojun Wang
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Welfare and Health Breeding, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China
| | - Xueru Dou
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Welfare and Health Breeding, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China
| | - Mengying Dou
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Welfare and Health Breeding, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China
| | - Yuanxiao Li
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Welfare and Health Breeding, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China
| | - Yanbo Ma
- Innovative Research Team of Livestock Intelligent Breeding and Equipment, Longmen Laboratory, Luoyang 471023, China
| | - Lei He
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Welfare and Health Breeding, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China
| | - Qi Shao
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Welfare and Health Breeding, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China
| | - Cai Zhang
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Welfare and Health Breeding, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China
- Henan Engineering Research Center of Livestock and Poultry Emerging Disease Detection and Control, Luoyang 471023, China
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3
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Zhang M, Zhang J, Wang C, Yan JK, Yi J, Ning J, Huo XK, Yu ZL, Zhang BJ, Sun CP, Ma XC. Biotransformation of 18β-Glycyrrhetinic Acid by Human Intestinal Fungus Aspergillus niger RG13B1 and the Potential Anti-Inflammatory Mechanism of Its Metabolites. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:15104-15115. [PMID: 36414003 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c05455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
18β-Glycyrrhetinic acid (GA) is a triterpenoid possessing an anti-inflammatory activity in vivo, while the low bioavailability limits its application due to its intestinal accumulation. In order to investigate the metabolism of GA in intestinal microbes, it was incubated with human intestinal fungus Aspergillus niger RG13B1, finally leading to the isolation and identification of three new metabolites (1-3) and three known metabolites (4-6) based on 1D and 2D NMR and high-resolution electrospray ionization mass spectroscopy spectra. Metabolite 6 could target myeloid differentiation protein 2 (MD2) to suppress the activation of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) signaling pathway via inhibiting the nuclear translocation of p65 to downregulate its target proteins and genes in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-mediated RAW264.7 cells. Molecular dynamics suggested that metabolite 6 interacted with MD2 through the hydrogen bond of amino acid residue Arg90. These findings demonstrated that metabolite 6 could serve as a potential candidate to develop the new inhibitors of MD2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Second Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Juan Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Second Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Chao Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Second Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Jian-Kun Yan
- School of Pharmacy, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050091, China
| | - Jing Yi
- College of Pharmacy, Second Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Jing Ning
- College of Pharmacy, Second Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Xiao-Kui Huo
- College of Pharmacy, Second Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Zhen-Long Yu
- College of Pharmacy, Second Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Bao-Jing Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Second Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Cheng-Peng Sun
- College of Pharmacy, Second Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Xiao-Chi Ma
- College of Pharmacy, Second Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
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Wu S, Cao Y, Lu H, Qi X, Sun J, Ye Y, Gong L. Aberrant peribiliary gland niche exacerbates fibrosis in primary sclerosing cholangitis and a potential therapeutic strategy. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 153:113512. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
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Hu Q, Liao W, Zhang Z, Shi S, Hou S, Ji N, Zhang X, Zhang Q, Liao Y, Li L, Zhu Z, Chen Y, Chen J, Yu F, Yang Q, Xiao H, Fu C, Du H, Wang Q, Cao H, Xiao H, Li R. The hepatoprotective effects of plant-based foods based on the "gut-liver axis": a prospective review. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 63:9136-9162. [PMID: 35466839 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2064423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
The importance of the "gut-liver axis" in the pathogenesis of liver diseases has been revealed recently; which promotes the process of developing preventive and therapeutic strategies. However, considering that there are still many challenges in the medical treatment of liver diseases, potential preventive dietary intervention may be a good alternative choice. Plant-based foods have received much attention due to their reported health-promoting effects in targeting multiple pathways involved in the pathogenesis of liver diseases as well as the relative safety for general use. Based on the PubMed and Web of Science databases, this review emphatically summarizes the plant-based foods and their chemical constituents with reported effects to impact the LPS/TLR4 signaling pathway of gut-liver axis of various liver diseases, reflecting their health benefits in preventing/alleviating liver diseases. Moreover, some plant-based foods with potential gut-liver effects are specifically analyzed from the reported studies and conclusions. This review intends to provide readers an overview of the current progress in the field of this research topic. We expect to see more hepatoprotective measures for alleviating the current prevalence of liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiongdan Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Wan Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Sanjun Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Shuguang Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Ningping Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Xinjie Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Qian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Yangyang Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Linghui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Zongping Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Yi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Jiao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Fangkun Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Qingsong Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Hongtao Xiao
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Sichuan Cancer Hospital & Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China
| | - Chaomei Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Hengjun Du
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Qi Wang
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Heping Cao
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Southern Regional Research Center, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Hang Xiao
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Rui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, PR China
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6
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Liu J, Yang D, Wang X, Asare PT, Zhang Q, Na L, Shao L. Gut Microbiota Targeted Approach in the Management of Chronic Liver Diseases. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:774335. [PMID: 35444959 PMCID: PMC9014089 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.774335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The liver is directly connected to the intestines through the portal vein, which enables the gut microbiota and gut-derived products to influence liver health. There is accumulating evidence of decreased gut flora diversity and alcohol sensitivity in patients with various chronic liver diseases, including non-alcoholic/alcoholic liver disease, chronic hepatitis virus infection, primary sclerosing cholangitis and liver cirrhosis. Increased intestinal mucosal permeability and decline in barrier function were also found in these patients. Followed by bacteria translocation and endotoxin uptake, these will lead to systemic inflammation. Specific microbiota and microbiota-derived metabolites are altered in various chronic liver diseases studies, but the complex interaction between the gut microbiota and liver is missing. This review article discussed the bidirectional relationship between the gut and the liver, and explained the mechanisms of how the gut microbiota ecosystem alteration affects the pathogenesis of chronic liver diseases. We presented gut-microbiota targeted interventions that could be the new promising method to manage chronic liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Liu
- Department of Research, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital; The College of Medical Technology, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Dakai Yang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Xiaojing Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Paul Tetteh Asare
- Human and Animal Health Unit, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Qingwen Zhang
- Department of Research, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital; The College of Medical Technology, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Lixin Na
- Department of Research, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital; The College of Medical Technology, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Shao
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Lei Shao,
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Novel 18β-glycyrrhetinic acid derivatives as a Two-in-One agent with potent antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory activity. Bioorg Chem 2022; 122:105714. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2022.105714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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8
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Jain R, Hussein MA, Pierce S, Martens C, Shahagadkar P, Munirathinam G. Oncopreventive and oncotherapeutic potential of licorice triterpenoid compound glycyrrhizin and its derivatives: Molecular insights. Pharmacol Res 2022; 178:106138. [PMID: 35192957 PMCID: PMC8857760 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2022.106138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Licorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra) is a well-known natural herb used to treat different ailments since ancient times. Glycyrrhizin (GL), which is the primary triterpenoid compound of licorice extract, has been known to have broad-spectrum pharmacological effects. GL is cleaved into glucuronide and the aglycone, glycyrrhetinic acid (GA), which exists in two stereoisomeric forms: 18α- and 18β-GA. It is well documented that GL and GA have great potential as anti-inflammatory, anticancer, antiviral, anti-diabetic, antioxidant, and hepatoprotective agents. Studies undertaken during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic suggest that GL is effective at inhibiting the viral replication of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. The anticancer effects of GL and GA involve modulating various signaling pathways, such as the phosphatase and tensin homolog/phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B pathway, the mitogen-activated protein kinase, and the mammalian target of rapamycin/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3, which are mainly involved in regulating cancer cell death, oxidative stress, and inflammation. The potential of GL and GA in preventing cancer development and suppressing the growth and invasion of different cancer types has been reviewed in this paper. This review also provides molecular insights on the mechanism of action for the oncopreventive and oncotherapeutic effects of GL and its derivative, GA, which could help develop more specific forms of these agents for clinical use.
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Systematic analysis of the mechanism of Xiaochaihu decoction in hepatitis B treatment via network pharmacology and molecular docking. Comput Biol Med 2021; 138:104894. [PMID: 34607274 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2021.104894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 09/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Hepatitis B (HB) is a globally prevalent infectious disease caused by the HB virus. Xiaochaihu decoction (XCHD) is a classic herbal formula with a long history of clinical application in treating HB. Although the anti-HB activity of XCHD has been reported, systematic research on the exact mechanism of action is lacking. Here, a network pharmacology-based approach was used to predict the active components, important targets, and potential mechanism of XCHD in HB treatment. Investigation included drug-likeness evaluation; absorption, distribution, metabolism, and elimination (ADME) screening; protein-protein interaction (PPI) network construction and cluster analysis; Gene Ontology (GO) analysis; and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) annotation. Molecular docking was adopted to investigate the interaction between important target proteins and active components. Eighty-seven active components of XCHD and 155 anti-HB targets were selected for further analysis. The GO enrichment and similarity analysis results indicated that XCHD might perform similar or the same GO functions. Glycyrrhizae Radix (GR), one of the seven XCHD herbs, likely exerts some unique GO functions such as the regulation of interleukin-12 production, positive regulation of interleukin-1 beta secretion, and regulation of the I-kappaB/NF-kappaB complex. The PPI network and KEGG pathway analysis results showed that XCHD affects HB mainly through modulating pathways related to viral infection, immunity, cancer, signal transduction, and metabolism. Additionally, molecular docking verified that the active compounds (quercetin, chrysin, and capsaicin) could bind with the key targets. This work systematically explored the anti-HB mechanism of XCHD and provides a novel perspective for future pharmacological research.
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Rehman MU, Farooq A, Ali R, Bashir S, Bashir N, Majeed S, Taifa S, Ahmad SB, Arafah A, Sameer AS, Khan R, Qamar W, Rasool S, Ahmad A. Preclinical Evidence for the Pharmacological Actions of Glycyrrhizic Acid: A Comprehensive Review. Curr Drug Metab 2021; 21:436-465. [PMID: 32562521 DOI: 10.2174/1389200221666200620204914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Revised: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Glycyrrhiza glabra L. (Family: Fabaceae) is one of the important traditional medicinal plant used extensively in folk medicine. It is known for its ethnopharmacological value in curing a wide variety of ailments. Glycyrrhizin, an active compound of G. glabra, possesses anti-inflammatory activity due to which it is mostly used in traditional herbal medicine for the treatment and management of chronic diseases. The present review is focused extensively on the pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, toxicology, and potential effects of Glycyrrhizic Acid (GA). A thorough literature survey was conducted to identify various studies that reported on the GA on PubMed, Science Direct and Google Scholar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muneeb U Rehman
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Adil Farooq
- RAKCOPS, RAK Medical and Health Sciences University, Ras AL Khaimah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Rayeesa Ali
- Division of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, SKUAST-Kashmir, Shuhama, JandK, India
| | - Sana Bashir
- Division of Veterinary Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, SKUAST-Kashmir, Shuhama, JandK, India
| | - Nazirah Bashir
- Division of Veterinary Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, SKUAST-Kashmir, Shuhama, JandK, India
| | - Samia Majeed
- Division of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, SKUAST-Kashmir, Shuhama, JandK, India
| | - Syed Taifa
- Division of Animal Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, SKUAST-Kashmir, Shuhama, JandK, India
| | - Sheikh Bilal Ahmad
- Division of Veterinary Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, SKUAST-Kashmir, Shuhama, JandK, India
| | - Azher Arafah
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Aga Syed Sameer
- Department of Basic Sciences, College of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences (KSAU-HS), King Abdullah International Medical Research Centre (KAIMRC), Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rehan Khan
- Department of Nano-therapeutics, Institute of Nanoscience and Technology (DST-INST), Mohali, Punjab, India
| | - Wajhul Qamar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology and Central Laboratory, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saiema Rasool
- Forest Biotech Lab, Department of Forest Mana pgement, Faculty of Forestry, University Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Anas Ahmad
- Department of Nano-therapeutics, Institute of Nanoscience and Technology (DST-INST), Mohali, Punjab, India
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Chen J, Li LF, Hu XR, Wei F, Ma S. Network Pharmacology-Based Strategy for Elucidating the Molecular Basis Forthe Pharmacologic Effects of Licorice ( Glycyrrhiza spp.). Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:590477. [PMID: 33995004 PMCID: PMC8114075 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.590477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Licorice (Glycyrrhiza spp.) is used widely in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) due to its numerous pharmacologic effects. However, the mechanisms of action of the chemical constituents of licorice and their structure–function relationships are not fully understood. To address these points, we analyzed the chemical compounds in licorice listed in the TCM Systems Pharmacology database and TCM Integrated database. Target proteins of the compounds were predicted using Integrative Pharmacology-based Research Platform of TCM v2.0. Information on the pharmacologic effects of licorice was obtained from the 2020 Chinese Pharmacopoeia, and disease-related genes that have been linked to these effects were identified from the Encyclopedia of TCM database. Pathway analyses using the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes database were carried out for target proteins, and pharmacologic networks were constructed based on drug target–disease-related gene and protein–protein interactions. A total of 451 compounds were analyzed, of which 211 were from the medicinal parts of the licorice plant. The 241 putative targets of 106 bioactive compounds in licorice comprised 52 flavonoids, 47 triterpenoids, and seven coumarins. Four distinct pharmacologic effects of licorice were defined: 61 major hubs were the putative targets of 23 compounds in heat-clearing and detoxifying effects; 68 were targets of six compounds in spleen-invigorating and qi-replenishing effects; 28 were targets of six compounds in phlegm-expulsion and cough-suppressant effects; 25 compounds were targets of six compounds in spasm-relieving and analgesic effects. The major bioactive compounds of licorice were identified by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography–quadrupole time-of-flight–tandem mass spectrometry. The anti-inflammatory properties of liquiritin apioside, liquiritigenin, glycyrrhizic acid and isoliquiritin apioside were demonstrated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and Western blot analysis. Liquiritin apioside, liquiritigenin, isoliquiritin, isoliquiritin apioside, kaempferol, and kumatakenin were the main active flavonoids, and 18α- and 18β-glycyrrhetinic acid were the main active triterpenoids of licorice. The former were associated with heat-clearing and detoxifying effects, whereas the latter were implicated in the other three pharmacologic effects. Thus, the compounds in licorice have distinct pharmacologic effects according to their chemical structure. These results provide a reference for investigating the potential of licorice in treatment of various diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Chen
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.,Institute for Control of Chinese Traditional Medicine and Ethnic Medicine (ICCTMEM), National Institutes for Food and Drug Control (NIFDC), Beijing, China
| | - Lin-Fu Li
- College of Pharmacy, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Ru Hu
- Institute for Control of Chinese Traditional Medicine and Ethnic Medicine (ICCTMEM), National Institutes for Food and Drug Control (NIFDC), Beijing, China
| | - Feng Wei
- Institute for Control of Chinese Traditional Medicine and Ethnic Medicine (ICCTMEM), National Institutes for Food and Drug Control (NIFDC), Beijing, China
| | - Shuangcheng Ma
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.,Institute for Control of Chinese Traditional Medicine and Ethnic Medicine (ICCTMEM), National Institutes for Food and Drug Control (NIFDC), Beijing, China
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12
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Vardhan S, Sahoo SK. Virtual screening by targeting proteolytic sites of furin and TMPRSS2 to propose potential compounds obstructing the entry of SARS-CoV-2 virus into human host cells. J Tradit Complement Med 2021; 12:6-15. [PMID: 33868970 PMCID: PMC8040387 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcme.2021.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and aim The year 2020 begins with the outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) that cause the disease COVID-19, and continue till today. As of March 23, 2021, the outbreak has infected 124,313,054 worldwide with a total death of 2,735,707. The use of traditional medicines as an adjuvant therapy with western drugs can lower the fatality rate due to the COVID-19. Therefore, in silico molecular docking study was performed to search potential phytochemicals and drugs that can block the entry of SARS-CoV-2 into host cells by inhibiting the proteolytic cleavage activity of furin and TMPRSS2. Experimental procedure The protein-protein docking of the host proteases furin and TMPRSS2 was carried out with the virus spike (S) protein to examine the conformational details and residues involved in the complex formation. Subsequently, a library of 163 ligands containing phytochemicals and drugs was virtually screened to propose potential hits that can inhibit the proteolytic cleavage activity of furin and TMPRSS2. Results and conclusion The phytochemicals like limonin, gedunin, eribulin, pedunculagin, limonin glycoside and betunilic acid bind at the active site of both furin and TMPRSS2. Limonin and gedunin found mainly in the citrus fruits and neem showed the highest binding energy at the active site of furin and TMPRSS2, respectively. The polyphenols found in green tea can also be useful in suppressing the furin activity. Among the drugs, the drug nafamostat may be more beneficial than the camostat in suppressing the activity of TMPRSS2. Protein-protein docking of the host proteases furin and TMPRSS2 with virus spike protein was performed. A library of 163 phytochemicals and drugs was virtually screened to propose potential hits against SARS-CoV-2. Limonin, gedunin, eribulin, pedunculagin, limonin glycoside and betunilic acid bind at the active site. Drug nafamostat may be more beneficial than the camostat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seshu Vardhan
- Department of Chemistry, Sardar Vallabhbhai National Institute of Technology (SVNIT), Surat, 395007, Gujarat, India
| | - Suban K Sahoo
- Department of Chemistry, Sardar Vallabhbhai National Institute of Technology (SVNIT), Surat, 395007, Gujarat, India
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13
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14
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Zhang L, Li X, Ying T, Wang T, Fu F. The Use of Herbal Medicines for the Prevention of Glucocorticoid-Induced Osteoporosis. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:744647. [PMID: 34867788 PMCID: PMC8633877 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.744647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Glucocorticoids are drugs that are widely used to suppress inflammation and the activation of the immune system. However, the prolonged use or at high doses of glucocorticoid can result in adverse side effects including osteoporosis, bone loss, and an increased risk of fracture. A number of compounds derived from natural plant sources have been reported to exert anti-inflammatory activity by interacting with the glucocorticoid receptor (GR), likely owing to their chemical similarity to glucocorticoids, or by regulating GR, without a concomitant risk of treatment-related side effects such as osteoporosis. Other herbal compounds can counteract the pathogenic processes underlying glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis (GIOP) by regulating homeostatic bone metabolic processes. Herein, we systematically searched the PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane library databases to identify articles discussing such compounds published as of May 01, 2021. Compounds reported to exert anti-inflammatory glucocorticoid-like activity without inducing GIOP include escin, ginsenosides, and glycyrrhizic acid, while compounds reported to alleviate GIOP by improving osteoblast function or modulating steroid hormone synthesis include tanshinol and icariin.
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15
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Luchnikova NA, Grishko VV, Ivshina IB. Biotransformation of Oleanane and Ursane Triterpenic Acids. Molecules 2020; 25:E5526. [PMID: 33255782 PMCID: PMC7728323 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25235526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Oleanane and ursane pentacyclic triterpenoids are secondary metabolites of plants found in various climatic zones and regions. This group of compounds is highly attractive due to their diverse biological properties and possible use as intermediates in the synthesis of new pharmacologically promising substances. By now, their antiviral, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antitumor, and other activities have been confirmed. In the last decade, methods of microbial synthesis of these compounds and their further biotransformation using microorganisms are gaining much popularity. The present review provides clear evidence that industrial microbiology can be a promising way to obtain valuable pharmacologically active compounds in environmentally friendly conditions without processing huge amounts of plant biomass and using hazardous and expensive chemicals. This review summarizes data on distribution, microbial synthesis, and biological activities of native oleanane and ursane triterpenoids. Much emphasis is put on the processes of microbial transformation of selected oleanane and ursane pentacyclic triterpenoids and on the bioactivity assessment of the obtained derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia A. Luchnikova
- Institute of Ecology and Genetics of Microorganisms, Perm Federal Research Center, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 614081 Perm, Russia;
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Perm State National Research University, 614990 Perm, Russia
| | - Victoria V. Grishko
- Institute of Technical Chemistry, Perm Federal Research Center, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 614013 Perm, Russia;
| | - Irina B. Ivshina
- Institute of Ecology and Genetics of Microorganisms, Perm Federal Research Center, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 614081 Perm, Russia;
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Perm State National Research University, 614990 Perm, Russia
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16
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Li H, Hu Y, Tang H, Li S, Ding H, Zhai S, Zhao R. The Potential of Glycyrrhizinate in the Management of COVID-19: A Systematic Review of the Efficacy and Safety of Glycyrrhizin Preparations in the Treatment of SARS and MERS. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2020; 48:1539-1552. [PMID: 33202150 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x20500767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The SARS-CoV-2 outbreak in 2019 highlighted the fact that no specific medications providing effective treatment have been identified and approved. We explored the possibilities for COVID-19 by systematically reviewing evidence on the efficacy and safety of glycyrrhizin preparations for SARS and MERS. Electronic databases were systematically searched from inception to February 2020 for eligible studies that evaluated the efficacy and safety of glycyrrhizin preparations for SARS and MERS. A quantitative analysis or descriptive analysis was applied. Five retrospective cohort studies were included, and NOS scores ranged from 5-7 points. The clinical symptoms of dry cough, chest distress and dyspnoea improved quickly, and elevated serum levels of aminotransferase decreased after compound glycyrrhizin treatment. The SARS-CoV antibody appeared earlier in the treated group than in the control group ([Formula: see text][Formula: see text]d). Compared to that with conventional medications, the average period from peak to 50% improvement of lesions, in terms of X-ray manifestations, was shorter with compound glycyrrhizin treatment ([Formula: see text]2.1[Formula: see text]d), and treatment reduced the dosage ([Formula: see text][Formula: see text]mg/d) and duration of the corticosteroids used, without other serious adverse reactions. Based on the available evidence regarding glycyrrhizin preparations for treating SARS and MERS, we infer that compound glycyrrhizin could be an optional therapeutic strategy for SARS-CoV-2 infections, especially those complicated with liver damage. Further research using well-designed randomized clinical trials (RCTs) is warranted to determine the dosage and duration of use of compound glycyrrhizin and to monitor its specific adverse effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huibo Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, P. R. China.,Institute for Drug Evaluation, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, P. R. China
| | - Yang Hu
- Department of Pharmacy, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, P. R. China.,Department of Pharmacy Administration and Clinical Pharmacy, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, P. R. China
| | - Huilin Tang
- Institute for Drug Evaluation, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, P. R. China
| | - Shanshan Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, P. R. China
| | - Hong Ding
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, Ministry of Education, Wuhan University, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430000, P. R. China
| | - Suodi Zhai
- Department of Pharmacy, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, P. R. China.,Institute for Drug Evaluation, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, P. R. China
| | - Rongsheng Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, P. R. China.,Institute for Drug Evaluation, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, P. R. China
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17
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Wang C, Chen L, Xu C, Shi J, Chen S, Tan M, Chen J, Zou L, Chen C, Liu Z, Liu X. A Comprehensive Review for Phytochemical, Pharmacological, and Biosynthesis Studies on Glycyrrhiza spp. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2020; 48:17-45. [PMID: 31931596 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x20500020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Licorice is extensively applied in food as well as herbal medicine across the world, possessing a substantial share in the global market. It has made great progress in chemical and pharmacological research in recent years. Currently, Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch., Glycyrrhiza inflata Bat., and Glycyrrhiza glabra L. were officially used as Gan-Cao according to the Chinese Pharmacopoeia. Accumulating evidence demonstrated three varieties of licorice have their own special compounds except for two quality markers set by Pharmacopoeia, providing great possibility for better understanding their characteristics, evaluating quality of each species and studying biosynthesis mechanisms of species-specific compounds. As a special "guide drug" in clinic, licorice plays an important role in Chinese herbal formulas. The interaction between licorice with other ingredients and their metabolism in vivo should also be taken into consideration. In addition, draft genome annotation, and success of the final step of glycyrrhizin biosynthesis have paved the way for biosynthesis of other active constituents in licorice, a promising beginning of solving source shortage. Accordingly, we comprehensively explored the nearly 400 chemical compounds found in the three varieties of licorice so far, systematically excavated various pharmacological activities, including metabolism via CYP450 system in vivo, and introduced the complete biosynthesis pathway of glycyrrhizin in licorice. The review will facilitate the further research toward this herbal medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengcheng Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Lihong Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Chaoqie Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Jingjing Shi
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Shuyu Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Mengxia Tan
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Jiali Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Lisi Zou
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Cuihua Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Zixiu Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Xunhong Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese, Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China.,National and Local Collaborative Engineering, Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
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18
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Xiang M, Zhou X, Luo TR, Wang PY, Liu LW, Li Z, Wu ZB, Yang S. Design, Synthesis, Antibacterial Evaluation, and Induced Apoptotic Behaviors of Epimeric and Chiral 18β-Glycyrrhetinic Acid Ester Derivatives with an Isopropanolamine Bridge against Phytopathogens. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:13212-13220. [PMID: 31702905 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b06147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Because only a handful of agrochemicals can manage bacterial infections, the discovery and development of innovative, inexpensive, and high-efficiency antibacterial agents targeting these infections are challenging. Herein, a series of novel epimeric and chiral 18β-glycyrrhetinic acid (GA) ester derivatives with various tertiary amine pendants were designed, synthesized, and screened for pharmacological activity. Results showed that some of the title compounds were conferred with significantly enhanced antibacterial activity toward phytopathogens Xanthomonas oryzae pv oryzae (A2, B1-B3, and C1, EC50 values within 3.81-4.82 μg/mL) and Xanthomonas axonopodis pv citri (B1, EC50 = 3.18 μg/mL; B2, EC50 = 2.76 μg/mL). These activities are superior to those of GA (EC50 > 400 μg/mL), thiodiazole copper, and bismerthiazol. Pharmacophore studies revealed that the synergistic combination of GA skeleton and tertiary amine scaffolds contributed to the biological actions. In vivo experiments displayed their promising applications in controlling bacterial infections. Antibacterial mechanism studies revealed that the title compounds could trigger apoptosis in the tested pathogens, evident by bacteria morphological changes observed in scanning electron microscopy images. This outcome should motivate the development of various apoptosis inducers against plant bacterial diseases by a novel mode of action compared to that of existing agricultural chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Xiang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education , Center for R&D of Fine Chemicals of Guizhou University , Guiyang 550025 , China
| | - Xiang Zhou
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education , Center for R&D of Fine Chemicals of Guizhou University , Guiyang 550025 , China
| | - Ting-Rong Luo
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education , Center for R&D of Fine Chemicals of Guizhou University , Guiyang 550025 , China
| | - Pei-Yi Wang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education , Center for R&D of Fine Chemicals of Guizhou University , Guiyang 550025 , China
| | - Li-Wei Liu
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education , Center for R&D of Fine Chemicals of Guizhou University , Guiyang 550025 , China
| | - Zhong Li
- College of Pharmacy , East China University of Science & Technology , Shanghai 200237 , China
| | - Zhi-Bing Wu
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education , Center for R&D of Fine Chemicals of Guizhou University , Guiyang 550025 , China
| | - Song Yang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education , Center for R&D of Fine Chemicals of Guizhou University , Guiyang 550025 , China
- College of Pharmacy , East China University of Science & Technology , Shanghai 200237 , China
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19
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Bagetta D, Maruca A, Lupia A, Mesiti F, Catalano R, Romeo I, Moraca F, Ambrosio FA, Costa G, Artese A, Ortuso F, Alcaro S, Rocca R. Mediterranean products as promising source of multi-target agents in the treatment of metabolic syndrome. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 186:111903. [PMID: 31787360 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.111903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2019] [Revised: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Alteration of nutritional habits play an essential role on the risk of developing Metabolic Syndrome (MetS). Several epidemiological studies have shown that assuming diets rich of foods included in the Mediterranean diet (MetDiet) pattern like, such as olive oil, nuts, fruit, fiber, vegetables, wine and grain cereals has protective effects on the different risk factors characterizing the MetS. The beneficial effects of the MetDiet in the MetS are mainly due to the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of the most abundant phytochemical components of such foods as polyphenols like resveratrol and oleuropein, allyl sulfides, ellagic acid, mono- and poly-unsaturated fatty acids (MUFA and PUFA), tocopherols and flavonoids like quercetin, which have shown positive results in the prevention of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), with related risk factors, like hypertension, hypercholesterolemia and obesity. In this review, we highlighted the multi-target activities of the bioactive components contained in some foods typical of the Mediterranean area like olive oil, onion, liquorice, rosemary, oregano, hazelnut, pistachio, "Melannurca" apple, red wine, hot pepper, Citrus sp. fruits, saffron and garlic, with particular focus on their impact on health outcomes in relation to MetS main key factors, such as insulin resistance (IR) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), endothelial dysfunctions, inflammatory response, oxidative stress and dyslipidaemic and hypercholesterolemic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donatella Bagetta
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Università "Magna Græcia", Campus Salvatore Venuta, Viale Europa, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy; Net4Science srl, Università "Magna Græcia", Campus Salvatore Venuta, Viale Europa, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Annalisa Maruca
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Università "Magna Græcia", Campus Salvatore Venuta, Viale Europa, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy; Net4Science srl, Università "Magna Græcia", Campus Salvatore Venuta, Viale Europa, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Antonio Lupia
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Università "Magna Græcia", Campus Salvatore Venuta, Viale Europa, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy; Net4Science srl, Università "Magna Græcia", Campus Salvatore Venuta, Viale Europa, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Francesco Mesiti
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Università "Magna Græcia", Campus Salvatore Venuta, Viale Europa, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy; Net4Science srl, Università "Magna Græcia", Campus Salvatore Venuta, Viale Europa, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Raffaella Catalano
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Università "Magna Græcia", Campus Salvatore Venuta, Viale Europa, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy; Net4Science srl, Università "Magna Græcia", Campus Salvatore Venuta, Viale Europa, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Isabella Romeo
- Net4Science srl, Università "Magna Græcia", Campus Salvatore Venuta, Viale Europa, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy; Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technologies, University of Calabria, via Pietro Bucci, 87036, Arcavacata di Rende, Italy
| | - Federica Moraca
- Net4Science srl, Università "Magna Græcia", Campus Salvatore Venuta, Viale Europa, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy; Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples "Federico II", via D. Montesano 49, 80131, Naples, Italy.
| | - Francesca Alessandra Ambrosio
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Università "Magna Græcia", Campus Salvatore Venuta, Viale Europa, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy.
| | - Giosuè Costa
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Università "Magna Græcia", Campus Salvatore Venuta, Viale Europa, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy; Net4Science srl, Università "Magna Græcia", Campus Salvatore Venuta, Viale Europa, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Anna Artese
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Università "Magna Græcia", Campus Salvatore Venuta, Viale Europa, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy; Net4Science srl, Università "Magna Græcia", Campus Salvatore Venuta, Viale Europa, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Francesco Ortuso
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Università "Magna Græcia", Campus Salvatore Venuta, Viale Europa, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy; Net4Science srl, Università "Magna Græcia", Campus Salvatore Venuta, Viale Europa, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Stefano Alcaro
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Università "Magna Græcia", Campus Salvatore Venuta, Viale Europa, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy; Net4Science srl, Università "Magna Græcia", Campus Salvatore Venuta, Viale Europa, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Roberta Rocca
- Net4Science srl, Università "Magna Græcia", Campus Salvatore Venuta, Viale Europa, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy; Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, "Magna Græcia" University, Campus Salvatore Venuta, Viale Europa, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy
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20
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Zhou JX, Wink M. Evidence for Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Isoliquiritigenin, 18β Glycyrrhetinic Acid, Ursolic Acid, and the Traditional Chinese Medicine Plants Glycyrrhiza glabra and Eriobotrya japonica, at the Molecular Level. MEDICINES 2019; 6:medicines6020055. [PMID: 31083310 PMCID: PMC6630209 DOI: 10.3390/medicines6020055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Revised: 05/05/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Background: We investigated the effect of root extracts from the traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) plants Glycyrrhiza glabra L., Paeonia lactiflora Pall., and the leaf extract of Eriobotrya japonica (Thunb.) Lindl., and their six major secondary metabolites, glycyrrhizic acid, 18β glycyrrhetinic acid, liquiritigenin, isoliquiritigenin, paeoniflorin, and ursolic acid, on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced NF-κB expression and NF-κB-regulated pro-inflammatory factors in murine macrophage RAW 264.7 cells. Methods: The cytotoxicity of the substances was determined using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) method. RAW 264.7 cells were treated with LPS (1 μg/mL) or LPS plus single substances; the gene expression levels of NF-κB subunits (RelA, RelB, c-Rel, NF-κB1, and NF-κB2), and of ICAM-1, TNF-α, iNOS, and COX-2 were measured employing real-time PCR; nitric oxide (NO) production by the cells was quantified with the Griess assay; nuclear translocation of NF-κB was visualized by immunofluorescence microscopy with NF-κB (p65) staining. Results: All the substances showed moderate cytotoxicity against RAW 264.7 cells except paeoniflorin with an IC50 above 1000 μM. Glycyrrhiza glabra extract and Eriobotrya japonica extract, as well as 18β glycyrrhetinic acid and isoliquiritigenin at low concentrations, inhibited NO production in a dose-dependent manner. LPS upregulated gene expressions of NF-κB subunits and of ICAM-1, TNF-α, iNOS, and COX-2 within 8 h, which could be decreased by 18β glycyrrhetinic acid, isoliquiritigenin and ursolic acid similarly to the anti-inflammatory drug dexamethasone. NF-κB translocation from cytoplasm to nucleus was observed after LPS stimulation for 2 h and was attenuated by extracts of Glycyrrhiza glabra and Eriobotrya japonica, as well as by 18β glycyrrhetinic acid, isoliquiritigenin, and ursolic acid. Conclusions: 18β glycyrrhetinic acid, isoliquiritigenin, and ursolic acid inhibited the gene expressions of ICAM-1, TNF-α, COX-2, and iNOS, partly through inhibiting NF-κB expression and attenuating NF-κB nuclear translocation. These substances showed anti-inflammatory activity. Further studies are needed to elucidate the exact mechanisms and to assess their usefulness in therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Xian Zhou
- Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 364, Heidelberg 69120, Germany.
| | - Michael Wink
- Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 364, Heidelberg 69120, Germany.
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21
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Natural products in licorice for the therapy of liver diseases: Progress and future opportunities. Pharmacol Res 2019; 144:210-226. [PMID: 31022523 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2019.04.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Revised: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 04/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Liver diseases related complications represent a significant source of morbidity and mortality worldwide, creating a substantial economic burden. Oxidative stress, excessive inflammation, and dysregulated energy metabolism significantly contributed to liver diseases. Therefore, discovery of novel therapeutic drugs for the treatment of liver diseases are urgently required. Licorice is one of the most commonly used herbal drugs in Traditional Chinese Medicine for the treatment of liver diseases and drug-induced liver injury (DILI). Various bioactive components have been isolated and identified from the licorice, including glycyrrhizin, glycyrrhetinic acid, liquiritigenin, Isoliquiritigenin, licochalcone A, and glycycoumarin. Emerging evidence suggested that these natural products relieved liver diseases and prevented DILI through multi-targeting therapeutic mechanisms, including anti-steatosis, anti-oxidative stress, anti-inflammation, immunoregulation, anti-fibrosis, anti-cancer, and drug-drug interactions. In the current review, we summarized the recent progress in the research of hepatoprotective and toxic effects of different licorice-derived bioactive ingredients and also highlighted the potency of these compounds as promising therapeutic options for the treatment of liver diseases and DILI. We also outlined the networks of underlying molecular signaling pathways. Further pharmacology and toxicology research will contribute to the development of natural products in licorice and their derivatives as medicines with alluring prospect in the clinical application.
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22
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Goorani S, Morovvati H, Seydi N, Almasi M, Amiri-Paryan A, Nazari F, Zangeneh MM, Zangeneh A. Hepatoprotective and cytotoxicity properties of aqueous extract of Glycyrrhiza glabra in Wistar rats fed with high-fat diet. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s00580-019-02939-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Glycyrrhetinic acid derivatives containing aminophosphonate ester species as multidrug resistance reversers that block the NF-κB pathway and cell proliferation. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2018; 28:3700-3707. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2018.10.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2018] [Revised: 10/01/2018] [Accepted: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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24
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Graebin CS. The Pharmacological Activities of Glycyrrhizinic Acid (“Glycyrrhizin”) and Glycyrrhetinic Acid. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [PMCID: PMC7123798 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-27027-2_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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25
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Kuang Y, Lin Y, Li K, Song W, Ji S, Qiao X, Zhang Q, Ye M. Screening of hepatoprotective compounds from licorice against carbon tetrachloride and acetaminophen induced HepG2 cells injury. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2017; 34:59-66. [PMID: 28899510 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2017.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2017] [Revised: 06/12/2017] [Accepted: 08/06/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Licorice and its constituents, especially licorice flavonoids have been reported to possess significant hepatoprotective activities. However, previous studies mainly focus on the extract and major compounds, and few reports are available on other licorice compounds. PURPOSE This work aims to evaluate the in vitro hepatoprotective activities of licorice compounds and screen active compounds, and to establish the structure-activity relationship. METHODS A compound library consisting of 180 compounds from three medicinal licorice species, Glycyrrhiza uralensis, G. glabra and G. inflata was established. HepG2 cells were incubated with the compounds, together with the treatment of 0.35% CCl4 for 6 h and 14 mM APAP for 24 h, respectively. RESULTS A total of 62 compounds at 10 µM showed protective effects against CCl4 to improve cell viability from 52.5% to >60%, and compounds 5 (licoflavone A), 104 (3,4-didehydroglabridin), 107 (isoliquiritigenin), 108 (3,4,3',4'-tetrahydroxychalcone), and 111 (licochalcone B) showed the most potent activities, improving cell viability to >80%. And 64 compounds showed protective effects against APAP to improve cell viability from 52.0% to >60%, and compounds 47 (derrone), 76 (xambioona), 77 ((2S)-abyssinone I), 107 (isoliquiritigenin), 118 (licoagrochalcone A), and 144 (2'-O-demethybidwillol B) showed the most potent activities, improving cell viability to >80%. Preliminary structure-activity analysis indicated that free phenolics compounds especially chalcones showed relatively stronger protective activities than other types of compounds. CONCLUSION Compounds 5, 76, 104, 107, 111, 118 and 144 possess potent activities against both CCl4 and APAP, and 5, 76 and 118 were reported for the first time. They could be the major active compounds of licorice for the treatment of liver injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Kuang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yan Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Kai Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Wei Song
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Shuai Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Xue Qiao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Qingying Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, China.
| | - Min Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, China.
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Xie G, Wang S, Zhang H, Zhao A, Liu J, Ma Y, Lan K, Ni Y, Liu C, Liu P, Chen T, Jia W. Poly-pharmacokinetic Study of a Multicomponent Herbal Medicine in Healthy Chinese Volunteers. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2017; 103:692-702. [PMID: 28675423 DOI: 10.1002/cpt.784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Revised: 05/22/2017] [Accepted: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The advent of mass spectrometry-based analytical technologies coupled with multivariate statistical methods offer tremendous new opportunities for understanding the pharmacokinetics (PKs) of multicomponent herbal medicines (HMs). We recently proposed a poly-PK strategy to characterize the concentration-time profile and the metabolic response profile of multicomponent HMs using an integrated phytochemical and metabolomics approach. Here, we provided the first example of the poly-PK strategy, in which we simultaneously characterized the PK as well as the metabolic response profiles of a Chinese HM, Huangqi decoction (HQD, consisting of Radix Astragali and Radix Glycyrrhizae), in healthy Chinese volunteers. Using the poly-PK approach, we identified 56 HQD-derived compounds and 292 biotransformed HQD metabolites in human plasma. Additionally, we acquired the concentration-time profiles of these plasma HQD metabolites and correlated them with a plasma metabolomics profile consisting of 166 human endogenous metabolites that were significantly altered in response to HQD intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoxiang Xie
- Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China.,University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA
| | - Shouli Wang
- Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Hua Zhang
- E-Institute of Shanghai Municipal Education Committee, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Liver and Kidney Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute of Liver Diseases, Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Aihua Zhao
- Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiajian Liu
- Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Yueming Ma
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ke Lan
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery System, Ministry of Education, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yan Ni
- University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA
| | - Changxiao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery Technology and Pharmacokinetics, Tianjin Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, Tianjin, China
| | - Ping Liu
- E-Institute of Shanghai Municipal Education Committee, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Liver and Kidney Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute of Liver Diseases, Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Tianlu Chen
- Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Jia
- Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China.,University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA
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Lv J, Xiao Q, Chen Y, Fan X, Liu X, Liu F, Luo G, Zhang B, Wang S. Effects of magnesium isoglycyrrhizinate on AST, ALT, and serum levels of Th1 cytokines in patients with allo-HSCT. Int Immunopharmacol 2017; 46:56-61. [PMID: 28259001 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2017.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2016] [Revised: 02/06/2017] [Accepted: 02/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the protective effects of magnesium isoglycyrrhizinate (MGL) on aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and serum levels of T helper 1 (Th1) cytokines in patients with allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT). The study included 42 patients prepared for allo-HSCT, who were divided equally into MGL and reduced glutathione groups. The ALT and AST levels were detected 1day before pretreatment and transplantation, and 7, 14, and 21days after transplantation. The total days and times of fever, treatment time of patients in the laminar flow room, white blood cell (WBC) count, platelet (PTL) implantation time, and success rate of transplantation were recorded. The serum levels of Th1/Th2 cytokines were detected. MGL had a significant protective effect on AST 1day before transplantation and 7, 14, and 21days after transplantation, while ALT had a statistical difference only 7days after transplantation. MGL could shorten the duration of fever during transplantation and advance the WBC and PTL implantation time. Significant differences in Th1-like cytokines (P<0.05) and higher levels of Th2-like cytokines but with no statistical significance (P>0.05) were found in the MGL group compared with the control group. MGL had significant protective effects on AST after transplantation. MGL could reduce the duration of fever during transplantation, help the reconstruction and recovery of WBCs and PTLs, and regulate Th1 cytokines, revealing its protective effects on hepatic transaminases and graft versus host disease in allo-HSCT patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinglong Lv
- Department of Hematology, Chongqing Three Gorges Center Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Qing Xiao
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yongping Chen
- Department of Hematology, Chongqing Three Gorges Center Hospital, Chongqing, China.
| | - Xuegong Fan
- Department of Infectious Disease, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xin Liu
- Department of Occupational Medicine, The Sixth People's Hospital of Chongqing, Chongqing, China
| | - Fen Liu
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Guoping Luo
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Bangshuo Zhang
- Department of Hematology, Chongqing Three Gorges Center Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Sheng Wang
- Department of Hematology, Chongqing Three Gorges Center Hospital, Chongqing, China
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Choi JH, Jin SW, Choi CY, Kim HG, Lee GH, Kim YA, Chung YC, Jeong HG. Capsaicin Inhibits Dimethylnitrosamine-Induced Hepatic Fibrosis by Inhibiting the TGF-β1/Smad Pathway via Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Gamma Activation. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2017; 65:317-326. [PMID: 27991776 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.6b04805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Capsaicin (CPS) exerts many pharmacological effects, but any possible influence on liver fibrosis remains unclear. Therefore, we evaluated the inhibitory effects of CPS on dimethylnitrosamine (DMN) and TGF-β1-induced liver fibrosis in rats and hepatic stellate cells (HSCs). CPS inhibited DMN-induced hepatotoxicity, NF-κB activation, and collagen accumulation. CPS also suppressed the DMN-induced increases in α-SMA, collagen type I, MMP-2, and TNF-α. In addition, CPS inhibited DMN-induced TGF-β1 expression (from 2.3 ± 0.1 to 1.0 ± 0.1) and Smad2/3 phosphorylation (from 1.5 ± 0.1 to 1.1 ± 0.1 and from 1.6 ± 0.1 to 1.1 ± 0.1, respectively) by activating Smad7 expression (from 0.1 ± 0.0 to 0.9 ± 0.1) via PPAR-γ induction (from 0.2 ± 0.0 to 0.8 ± 0.0) (p < 0.05). Furthermore, in HSCs, CPS inhibited the TGF-β1-induced increases in α-SMA and collagen type I expression, via PPAR-γ activation. These results indicate that CPS can ameliorate hepatic fibrosis by inhibiting the TGF-β1/Smad pathway via PPAR-γ activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Ho Choi
- College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University , Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Woo Jin
- College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University , Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Chul Yung Choi
- Jeollanamdo Institute of Natural Resources Research , Jeollanamdo, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung Gyun Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University , Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Gi Ho Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University , Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong An Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University , Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Chul Chung
- Department of Food Science, International University of Korea , Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Gwang Jeong
- College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University , Daejeon, Republic of Korea
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Zhou YZ, Zhao FF, Gao L, Du GH, Zhang X, Qin XM. Licorice extract attenuates brain aging of d-galactose induced rats through inhibition of oxidative stress and attenuation of neuronal apoptosis. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra07110h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
A potential protective mechanism of licorice for d-galactose induced aging in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Zhi Zhou
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine
- Shanxi University
- Taiyuan 030006
- China
| | - Fan-Fan Zhao
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine
- Shanxi University
- Taiyuan 030006
- China
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
| | - Li Gao
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine
- Shanxi University
- Taiyuan 030006
- China
| | - Guan-Hua Du
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine
- Shanxi University
- Taiyuan 030006
- China
- Institute of Materia Medica
| | - Xiang Zhang
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine
- Shanxi University
- Taiyuan 030006
- China
- Department of Chemistry
| | - Xue-Mei Qin
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine
- Shanxi University
- Taiyuan 030006
- China
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30
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Öztürk M, Altay V, Hakeem KR, Akçiçek E. Economic Importance. LIQUORICE 2017. [PMCID: PMC7120331 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-74240-3_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The beneficial effects of liquorice in treating chills, colds, and coughs have been fully discussed in Ayurveda, as well as in the texts of ancient Egyptians, Greeks, and Romans. The plant has been prescribed for dropsy during the period of famous Hippocrates. The reason being that it was quite helpful as thirst-quenching drugs (Biondi et al. in J Nat Prod 68:1099–1102, 2005; Mamedov and Egamberdieva in Herbals and human health-phytochemistry. Springer Nature Publishers, 41 pp, 2017). No doubt, the clinical use of liquorice in modern medicine started around 1930; Pedanios Dioscorides of Anazarba (Adana), first century AD-Father of Pharmacists, mentions that it is highly effective in the treatment of stomach and intestinal ulcers. In Ayurveda, people in ancient Hindu culture have used it for improving sexual vigor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Münir Öztürk
- Department of Botany and Center for Environmental Studies, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Volkan Altay
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Arts, Mustafa Kemal University, Hatay, Turkey
| | - Khalid Rehman Hakeem
- Department of Biological Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Eren Akçiçek
- Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
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Jung JC, Lee YH, Kim SH, Kim KJ, Kim KM, Oh S, Jung YS. Hepatoprotective effect of licorice, the root of Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fischer, in alcohol-induced fatty liver disease. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2016; 16:19. [PMID: 26801973 PMCID: PMC4722619 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-016-0997-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2015] [Accepted: 01/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Background Our previous study suggested that licorice has anti-inflammatory activity in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated microglial cells and anti-oxidative activity in tert-butyl hydroperoxide–induced oxidative liver damage. In this study, we evaluated the effect of licorice on chronic alcohol-induced fatty liver injury mediated by inflammation and oxidative stress. Methods Raw licorice was extracted, and quantitative and qualitative analysis of its components was performed by using LC–MS/MS. Mice were fed a liquid alcohol diet with or without licorice for 4 weeks. Results We have standardized 70 % fermented ethanol extracted licorice and confirmed by LC-MS/MS as glycyrrhizic acid (GA), 15.77 ± 0.34 μg/mg; liquiritin (LQ), 14.55 ± 0.42 μg/mg; and liquiritigenin (LG), 1.34 ± 0.02 μg/mg, respectively. Alcohol consumption increased serum alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase activities and the levels of triglycerides and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α. Lipid accumulation in the liver was also markedly induced, whereas the glutathione level was reduced. All these alcohol-induced changes were effectively inhibited by licorice treatment. In particular, the hepatic glutathione level was restored and alcohol-induced TNF-α production was significantly inhibited by licorice. Conclusion Taken together, our data suggests that protective effect of licorice against alcohol-induced liver injury may be attributed to its anti-inflammatory activity and enhancement of antioxidant defense. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12906-016-0997-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Graebin CS. The Pharmacological Activities of Glycyrrhizinic Acid (“Glycyrrhizin”) and Glycyrrhetinic Acid. REFERENCE SERIES IN PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-26478-3_15-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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Hosseinzadeh H, Nassiri-Asl M. Pharmacological Effects of Glycyrrhiza spp. and Its Bioactive Constituents: Update and Review. Phytother Res 2015; 29:1868-86. [PMID: 26462981 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.5487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2015] [Revised: 07/25/2015] [Accepted: 09/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The roots and rhizomes of various species of the perennial herb licorice (Glycyrrhiza) are used in traditional medicine for the treatment of several diseases. In experimental and clinical studies, licorice has been shown to have several pharmacological properties including antiinflammatory, antiviral, antimicrobial, antioxidative, antidiabetic, antiasthma, and anticancer activities as well as immunomodulatory, gastroprotective, hepatoprotective, neuroprotective, and cardioprotective effects. In recent years, several of the biochemical, molecular, and cellular mechanisms of licorice and its active components have also been demonstrated in experimental studies. In this review, we summarized the new phytochemical, pharmacological, and toxicological data from recent experimental and clinical studies of licorice and its bioactive constituents after our previous published review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Hosseinzadeh
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Marjan Nassiri-Asl
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box: 341197-5981, Qazvin, Iran
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The Neuroprotective Effects of Ratanasampil on Oxidative Stress-Mediated Neuronal Damage in Human Neuronal SH-SY5Y Cells. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2015; 2015:792342. [PMID: 26064424 PMCID: PMC4433697 DOI: 10.1155/2015/792342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2014] [Revised: 04/13/2015] [Accepted: 04/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
We previously found that Ratanasampil (RNSP), a traditional Tibetan medicine, improves the cognitive function of mild-to-moderate AD patients living at high altitude, as well as learning and memory in an AD mouse model (Tg2576); however, mechanism underlying the effects of RNSP is unknown. In the present study, we investigated the effects and molecular mechanisms of RNSP on oxidative stress-induced neuronal toxicity using human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells. Pretreatment with RNSP significantly ameliorated the hydrogen peroxide- (H2O2-) induced cytotoxicity of SH-SY5Y cells in a dose-dependent manner (up to 60 μg/mL). Furthermore, RNSP significantly reduced the H2O2-induced upregulation of 8-oxo-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-oxo-dG, the oxidative DNA damage marker) but significantly reversed the expression of repressor element-1 silencing transcription factor (REST) from H2O2 associated (100 μM) downregulation. Moreover, RNSP significantly attenuated the H2O2-induced phosphorylation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK 1/2) in SH-SY5Y cells. These observations strongly suggest that RNSP may protect the oxidative stress-induced neuronal damage that occurs through the properties of various antioxidants and inhibit the activation of MAPKs. We thus provide the principle molecular mechanisms of the effects of RNSP and indicate its role in the prevention and clinical management of AD.
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Lee JE, Lee JY, Kim J, Lee K, Choi SU, Ryu SY. Two minor chalcone acetylglycosides from the roots extract of Glycyrrhiza uralensis. Arch Pharm Res 2014; 38:1299-303. [DOI: 10.1007/s12272-014-0526-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2014] [Accepted: 11/27/2014] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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