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Rigueto CVT, Rosseto M, Alessandretti I, Krein DDC, Emer CD, Loss RA, Dettmer A, Pizzutti IR. Extraction and improvement of protein functionality using steam explosion pretreatment: advances, challenges, and perspectives. JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2024; 61:1215-1237. [PMID: 38910923 PMCID: PMC11190127 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-023-05817-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/25/2024]
Abstract
Protein has become an increasingly valuable food component with high global demand. Consequently, unconventional sources, such as industrial and agroindustrial wastes and by-products, emerge as interesting alternatives to meet this demand, considering the UN Sustainable Development Goals and the transition to a circular economy. In this context, this work presents a review of the use of Steam Explosion (SE), a green technique that can be employed as a pretreatment for various waste materials, including bones, hide/leather, feathers, and wool, aimming the extraction of protein compounds, such as low molecular weight biopeptides, gelatin, and keratin, as well as to enhance the protein functionality of grains and meals. The SE technique and the main factors affecting the process's efficiency were detailed. Promising experimental studies are discussed, along with the mechanisms responsible for protein extraction and functionality improvement, as well as the main reported and suggested applications. In general, steam explosion favored yields in subsequent extraction processes, ranging from 27 to 95%, in addition to enhancing solubility and functional protein properties. Nonetheless, it is crucial to maintain the continuity of research on this topic to drive advancements in ensuring the safety of the extracted compounds for use in consumable products and oral ingestion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cesar Vinicius Toniciolli Rigueto
- Program in Food Science and Technology (PPGCTA), Center of Rural Science, Postgraduate, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, Rio Grande Do Sul Brazil
| | - Marieli Rosseto
- Program in Food Science and Technology (PPGCTA), Center of Rural Science, Postgraduate, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, Rio Grande Do Sul Brazil
| | - Ingridy Alessandretti
- Postgraduate Program in Food Science and Technology (PPGCTA), Faculty of Agronomy and Veterinary Medicine (FAMV), University of Passo Fundo (UPF), Passo Fundo, Rio Grande Do Sul Brazil
| | - Daniela Dal Castel Krein
- Postgraduate Program in Food Science and Technology (PPGCTA), Faculty of Agronomy and Veterinary Medicine (FAMV), University of Passo Fundo (UPF), Passo Fundo, Rio Grande Do Sul Brazil
| | - Cassandro Davi Emer
- Postgraduate Program in Food Science and Technology (PPGCTA), Faculty of Agronomy and Veterinary Medicine (FAMV), University of Passo Fundo (UPF), Passo Fundo, Rio Grande Do Sul Brazil
| | - Raquel Aparecida Loss
- Postgraduate Program in Environment and Agricultural Production Systems, Mato Grosso State University (UNEMAT), Tangará da Serra, Mato Grosso Brazil
| | - Aline Dettmer
- Postgraduate Program in Food Science and Technology (PPGCTA), Faculty of Agronomy and Veterinary Medicine (FAMV), University of Passo Fundo (UPF), Passo Fundo, Rio Grande Do Sul Brazil
| | - Ionara Regina Pizzutti
- Program in Food Science and Technology (PPGCTA), Center of Rural Science, Postgraduate, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, Rio Grande Do Sul Brazil
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Vadillo J, Montes S, Grande HJ, Verstichel S, Almqvist J, Wrześniewska-Tosik K. Enhanced Biodegradability in Soil of Chicken Feather by Steam Explosion for Potential Application in Agricultural Biodegradable Plastics. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:3701. [PMID: 37765555 PMCID: PMC10537891 DOI: 10.3390/polym15183701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Feather waste is a major issue from an economic and environmental point of view. Even though there are already routes for the valorisation of feathers into fertilisers and feather meal, these are considered to have low added value. For more attractive applications, for example in agricultural biodegradable plastics, higher and faster degradability in soil is required. To face this challenge alternative approaches to accelerate biodegradation and disintegration processes are needed. In this context, steam explosion appears as an effective technology to modify the structure of feather and improve its soil degradability. In this work, chicken feathers were treated by steam explosion and the effect of treatment on their structure and physico-chemical and thermal properties were evaluated. Finally, the effect of the process conditions on the disintegration and biodegradation in soil of feathers was also investigated, finding an increased degradation in soil of steam explosion treated feathers. These results open up the possibilities of using feather waste as a component for environmentally friendly agricultural bioplastics that can be degraded in-situ in soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julen Vadillo
- CIDETEC, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Paseo Miramón, 196, 20014 Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Sarah Montes
- CIDETEC, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Paseo Miramón, 196, 20014 Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Hans-Jürgen Grande
- CIDETEC, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Paseo Miramón, 196, 20014 Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain
- Advanced Polymers and Materials: Physics, Chemistry and Technology Department, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Avda. Tolosa 72, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain
| | | | - Jonna Almqvist
- RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Department of Biorefinery and Energy, S-892 50 Örnsköldsvik, Sweden
| | - Krystyna Wrześniewska-Tosik
- Łukasiewicz Research Network, Łodz Institute of Technology, ul. Skłodowskiej-Curie 19/27, 90-570 Łódź, Poland
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3
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Škerget M, Čolnik M, Zemljič LF, Gradišnik L, Semren TŽ, Lovaković BT, Maver U. Efficient and Green Isolation of Keratin from Poultry Feathers by Subcritical Water. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:2658. [PMID: 37376304 DOI: 10.3390/polym15122658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The isolation of keratin from poultry feathers using subcritical water was studied in a batch reactor at temperatures (120-250 °C) and reaction times (5-75 min). The hydrolyzed product was characterized by FTIR and elemental analysis, while the molecular weight of the isolated product was determined by SDS-PAGE electrophoresis. To determine whether disulfide bond cleavage was followed by depolymerization of protein molecules to amino acids, the concentration of 27 amino acids in the hydrolysate was analyzed by GC/MS. The optimal operating parameters for obtaining a high molecular weight protein hydrolysate from poultry feathers were 180 °C and 60 min. The molecular weight of the protein hydrolysate obtained under optimal conditions ranged from 4.5 to 12 kDa, and the content of amino acids in the dried product was low (2.53% w/w). Elemental and FTIR analyses of unprocessed feathers and dried hydrolysate obtained under optimal conditions showed no significant differences in protein content and structure. Obtained hydrolysate is a colloidal solution with a tendency for particle agglomeration. Finally, a positive influence on skin fibroblast viability was observed for the hydrolysate obtained under optimal processing conditions for concentrations below 6.25 mg/mL, which makes the product interesting for various biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mojca Škerget
- Laboratory for Separation Processes and Product Design, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Maribor, Smetanova 17, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Maja Čolnik
- Laboratory for Separation Processes and Product Design, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Maribor, Smetanova 17, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Lidija Fras Zemljič
- Laboratory for Characterization and Processing of Polymers, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Maribor, Smetanova 17, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Lidija Gradišnik
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Maribor, Taborska 8, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Tanja Živković Semren
- Analytical Toxicology and Mineral Metabolism Unit, Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Ksaverska Cesta 2, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Blanka Tariba Lovaković
- Analytical Toxicology and Mineral Metabolism Unit, Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Ksaverska Cesta 2, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Uroš Maver
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Maribor, Taborska 8, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Maribor, Taborska 8, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia
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4
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Nachimuthu S, Kathirvel P. Degradation of tannery hide raw trimming hairs using keratinolytic bacteria isolated from tannery effluent-contaminated soil. Arch Microbiol 2023; 205:235. [PMID: 37179267 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-023-03571-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
The disposal of keratinous wastes produced by several leather industries is evolving into a global problem. Around 1 billion tonnes of keratin waste are released into the environment each year. In the breakdown of tannery waste, certain enzymes, such as keratinases produced from microorganisms, might be a better substitute for synthetic enzymes. Keratinase enzymes are able to hydrolyze gelatin, casein, bovine serum albumin and insoluble protein present in wool, feather. Therefore, in this study, bacterial strains from tannery effluent-contaminated soil and bovine tannery hide were isolated and assessed for their ability to produce the keratinolytic enzyme. Among the six isolates, the strain NS1P showed the highest keratinase activity (298 U/ml) and was identified as Comamonas testosterone through biochemical and molecular characterization. Several bioprocess parameters such as pH, temperature, inoculum size, carbon sources, and nitrogen sources were optimized in order to maximize crude enzyme production. The optimized media were used for inoculum preparation and subsequent biodegradation of hide hairs. The degradation efficacy of the keratinase enzyme produced by Comamonas testosterone was examined by degrading bovine tannery hide hairs, and it was found to be 73.6% after 30 days. The morphology of the deteriorated hair was examined using a field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM), which revealed significant degradation. Thus, our research work has led to the conclusion that Comamonas testosterone may be a promising keratinolytic strain for the biodegradation of tannery bovine hide hair waste and the industrial production of keratinases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saranya Nachimuthu
- Department of Microbial Biotechnology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Preethi Kathirvel
- Department of Microbial Biotechnology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India.
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5
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Feng H, Wang Z, Sajab MS, Abdul PM, Ding G. A novel chitinous nanoparticles prepared and characterized with black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens L.) using steam flash explosion treatment. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 230:123210. [PMID: 36639077 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.123210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
This is the first report of the use of steam flash explosion (SFE) to prepare chitinous nanoparticles from black soldier fly (BSF). SFE treatment was performed at a steam pressure of 0.45 to 1.60 MPa with a holding time of 60 s. As the pressure increased, the particle size of the chitinous particles decreased. Under SFE at 1.60 MPa, chitinous nanoparticles with sizes ranging from 59 to 162 nm were produced. SEM, AFM, Raman spectroscopy, FT-IR spectroscopy, 1H NMR, TGA, and DSC were used to characterize the BSF chitin materials. It was demonstrated that SFE treatment deacetylated chitin to obtain chitosan with 91.24 % deacetylation. In addition, the polymer backbone was maintained, and the degree of polymerization of chitosan nanoparticles was reduced. The activity of the cationic groups of chitosan nanoparticles was improved, thereby enhancing the temperature sensitivity of the polymeric material. It can be concluded that the SFE one-step processing method is a simple and efficient way to prepare homogeneous biomaterial nanoparticles. This study has implications for the development of chitosan nanomaterials for biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyue Feng
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioengineering of State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Biomedical Research Center, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou 730030, PR China; College of Life Science and Engineering, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou 730030, PR China
| | - Zifan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioengineering of State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Biomedical Research Center, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou 730030, PR China; Engineering Research Center of Key Technology and Industrialization of Cell-based Vaccine, Ministry of Education, Lanzhou 730030, PR China; Gausu Tech Innovation Center of Animal, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou 730030, PR China; China-Malaysia National Joint Laboratory, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou 730030, PR China
| | - Mohd Shaiful Sajab
- Research Center for Sustainable Process Technology (CESPRO), Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia; Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Peer Mohamed Abdul
- Research Center for Sustainable Process Technology (CESPRO), Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia; Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Gongtao Ding
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioengineering of State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Biomedical Research Center, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou 730030, PR China; Engineering Research Center of Key Technology and Industrialization of Cell-based Vaccine, Ministry of Education, Lanzhou 730030, PR China; Gausu Tech Innovation Center of Animal, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou 730030, PR China; China-Malaysia National Joint Laboratory, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou 730030, PR China.
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6
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Zhang H, Liu H, Qi L, Xv X, Li X, Guo Y, Jia W, Zhang C, Richel A. Application of steam explosion treatment on the collagen peptides extraction from cattle bone. INNOV FOOD SCI EMERG 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ifset.2023.103336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/11/2023]
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7
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Qin X, Yang C, Guo Y, Liu J, Bitter JH, Scott EL, Zhang C. Effect of ultrasound on keratin valorization from chicken feather waste: Process optimization and keratin characterization. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2023; 93:106297. [PMID: 36641870 PMCID: PMC9860336 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2023.106297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 01/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Chicken feather (CF) has been deemed as one of the main poultry byproducts with a large amount produced globally. However, the robust chemical nature of chicken feathers has been limiting in its wide-scale utilization and valorization. The study proposed a strategy of keratin regeneration from chicken feather combining ultrasound and Cysteine (Cys)-reduction for keratin regeneration. First, the ultrasonic effect on feather degradation and keratin properties was systematically explored based on Cys-reduction. Results showed that the feather dissolution was significantly improved by increasing both ultrasonic time and power, and the former had a greater impact on keratin yield. However, the treatment time over 4 h led to a decrease of keratin yield, producing more soluble peptides, > 9.7 % of which were < 0.5 kDa. Meanwhile, prolonging time decreased the thermal stability with weight loss at a lower temperature and amino acids content (e.g., Ser, Pro and Gly) of keratin. Conversely, no remarkable damage in chemical structure and thermal stability of regenerated keratin was observed by only increasing ultrasonic power, while the keratin solubility was notably promoted and reached 745.72 mg·g-1 in NaOH (0.1 M) solution (400 W, 4 h). The regenerated keratin under optimal conditions (130 W, 2.7 h, and 15 % of Cys) possessed better solubility while without obvious damage in chemical structure, thermal stability, and amino acids composition. The study illustrated that ultrasound physically improved CF degradation and keratin solubility without nature damage and provided an alternative for keratin regeneration involving no toxic reagent, probably holding promise in the utilization and valorization of feather waste.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojie Qin
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
- Biobased Chemistry and Technology, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen 6700AA, Netherlands
| | - Chuan Yang
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yujie Guo
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
- Xinjiang Taikun Group Co. Ltd, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Changji 831100, China
| | - Jiqian Liu
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Johannes H. Bitter
- Biobased Chemistry and Technology, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen 6700AA, Netherlands
| | - Elinor L. Scott
- Biobased Chemistry and Technology, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen 6700AA, Netherlands
| | - Chunhui Zhang
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
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8
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Diet nutrient digestibility and growth performance in weaned pigs fed barley differing in fermentable starch and fibre profile. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2022.115550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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9
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Sanchez-Zannatta J, Le Thanh B, Wang L, Beltranena E, Newkirk R, Zijlstra R. Ileal nutrient and energy digestibility of steam-exploded canola meal in cannulated grower pigs and total tract nutrient digestibility and growth performance of diets containing steam-exploded canola meal in weaned pigs. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2022.115518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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10
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Islam M, Huang Y, Islam S, Fan B, Tong L, Wang F. Influence of the Degree of Hydrolysis on Functional Properties and Antioxidant Activity of Enzymatic Soybean Protein Hydrolysates. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27186110. [PMID: 36144842 PMCID: PMC9504079 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27186110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 09/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Soybean protein hydrolysates were prepared using two proteolytic enzymes (Alcalase and Protamex) and the degree of hydrolysis (DH) and their functional and antioxidant properties were evaluated. The highest DH value was 20%, with a yield of 19.77% and protein content of 51.64%. The total amino acid content was more than 41% for all protein hydrolysates. The protein hydrolysates from Protamex at pH 2.0 had excellent solubility, emulsifying activity, and foaming capacity, at 83.83%, 95.03 m2/g, and 93.84%, respectively. The water-holding capacity was 4.52 g/g for Alcalase, and the oil-holding capacity was 4.91 g/g for Protamex. The antioxidant activity (62.07%), as measured by the samples' reaction with DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) and the reducing power (0.27) were the strongest for Protamex. An ABTS activity rate of 70.21% was recorded for Alcalase. These findings indicated a strong potential for the utilization of soybean protein hydrolysates to improve the functional properties and antioxidant activity of soybeans as well as their nutritional values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monirul Islam
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 2 Yuan Ming Yuan West Road, Beijing 100193, China
- Rural Development Academy (RDA), Bogura 5842, Bangladesh
| | - Yatao Huang
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
- Correspondence: (Y.H.); (F.W.); Tel.: +86-010-6281-0295 (Y.H.); +86-010-6281-5977 (F.W.)
| | - Serajul Islam
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Bei Fan
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 2 Yuan Ming Yuan West Road, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Litao Tong
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 2 Yuan Ming Yuan West Road, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Fengzhong Wang
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 2 Yuan Ming Yuan West Road, Beijing 100193, China
- Correspondence: (Y.H.); (F.W.); Tel.: +86-010-6281-0295 (Y.H.); +86-010-6281-5977 (F.W.)
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11
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Chukwunonso Ossai I, Shahul Hamid F, Hassan A. Valorisation of keratinous wastes: A sustainable approach towards a circular economy. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2022; 151:81-104. [PMID: 35933837 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2022.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The valorisation of keratinous wastes involves biorefining and recovering the bioresource materials from the keratinous wastes to produce value-added keratin-based bioproducts with a broad application, distribution, and marketability potential. Valorisation of keratinous wastes increases the value of the wastes and enables more sustainable waste management towards a circular bioeconomy. The abundance of keratinous wastes as feedstock from agro-industrial processing, wool processing, and grooming industry benefits biorefinery and extraction of keratins, which could be the optimal solution for developing an ecologically and economically sustainable keratin-based economy. The transition from the current traditional linear models that are deleterious to the environment, which end energy and resources recovery through disposal by incineration and landfilling, to a more sustainable and closed-loop recycling and recovery approach that minimises pollution, disposal challenges, loss of valuable bioresources and potential revenues are required. The paper provides an overview of keratinous wastes and the compositional keratin proteins with the descriptions of the various keratin extraction methods in biorefinery and functional material synthesis, including enzymatic and microbial hydrolysis, chemical hydrolysis (acid/alkaline hydrolysis, dissolution in ionic liquids, oxidative and sulphitolysis) and chemical-free hydrolysis (steam explosion and ultrasonic). The study describes various uses and applications of keratinases and keratin-based composites fabricated through various manufacturing processes such as lyophilisation, compression moulding, solvent casting, hydrogel fabrication, sponge formation, electrospinning, and 3D printing for value-added applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Innocent Chukwunonso Ossai
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Centre for Research in Waste Management, Faculty of Science University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Fauziah Shahul Hamid
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Centre for Research in Waste Management, Faculty of Science University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Auwalu Hassan
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Centre for Research in Waste Management, Faculty of Science University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Federal University Kashere, Gombe State, Nigeria
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12
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Sarma A. Biological importance and pharmaceutical significance of keratin: A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 219:395-413. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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13
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Qin X, Xu X, Guo Y, Shen Q, Liu J, Yang C, Scott E, Bitter H, Zhang C. A sustainable and efficient recycling strategy of feather waste into keratin peptides with antimicrobial activity. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2022; 144:421-430. [PMID: 35452950 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2022.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The study aimed to propose an efficient and eco-friendly strategy to improve the utilization of feather waste and converting it into high-valued antimicrobial products. Under the synergistic effect of instant catapult steam explosion (ICSE) (1.5 MPa-120 s), over 90% of chicken feather powder (CFP) was degraded into soluble peptides via keratinolysis within 3 h, about 90% of which were smaller than 3 kDa, indicating an overwhelming advantage than general proteolysis. Importantly, the keratinolysis hydrolysate of CFP was able to inhibit E. coli growth, among which the fraction < 3 kDa exhibited highest antimicrobial activity with a minimal inhibitory concentration of 30 mg/mL. Compared to other fractions, the fraction < 3 kDa contained higher content of hydrophobic amino acids (364.11 mg/g), in which about 79% of peptides had more than 60% hydrophobic ratio, potentially contributing to its antimicrobial activity. ICSE-keratinolysis process holds potential in reducing both protein resource waste and environmental pollution by valorizing feathers into antimicrobial product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojie Qin
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; Biobased Chemistry and Technology, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen 6700AA, Netherlands
| | - Xiong Xu
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yujie Guo
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Qingshan Shen
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jiqian Liu
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Chuan Yang
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Elinor Scott
- Biobased Chemistry and Technology, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen 6700AA, Netherlands
| | - Harry Bitter
- Biobased Chemistry and Technology, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen 6700AA, Netherlands
| | - Chunhui Zhang
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.
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14
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An advanced strategy for efficient recycling of bovine bone: Preparing high-valued bone powder via instant catapult steam-explosion. Food Chem 2021; 374:131614. [PMID: 34848091 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.131614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
As the major byproduct of meat processing, bovine bone are produced in large amounts annually. However, the inefficient utilization with low-added value resulted in serious resource waste. The study aims to prepare high-value bovine bone power (BBP) via instant catapult steam-explosion (ICSE) treatment, taking ball milling (BM) method as control. Results showed that ICSE treatment deconstructed bovine bone with more holes emerging, and effectively promoted mineral dissolution and protein degradation while reduced energy consumption. Compared with BM-BBP, ICSE-BBP possessed more protein and essential minerals, presenting in regular elliptical shapes with narrow distribution of particle size (0.1 ∼ 40 μm), and owned better solution stability and protein solubility. ICSE-BBP also exhibited higher mineral release and protein digestibility during GI digestion while revealed no obvious cytotoxicity, indicating the potential applicability in nutrition-fortified foods. Taken together, ICSE technology holds promise in reusing bovine bone, providing an efficient and eco-friendly process for BBP industrial production.
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Perța-Crișan S, Ursachi CȘ, Gavrilaș S, Oancea F, Munteanu FD. Closing the Loop with Keratin-Rich Fibrous Materials. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:1896. [PMID: 34200460 PMCID: PMC8201023 DOI: 10.3390/polym13111896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
One of the agro-industry's side streams that is widely met is the-keratin rich fibrous material that is becoming a waste product without valorization. Its management as a waste is costly, as the incineration of this type of waste constitutes high environmental concern. Considering these facts, the keratin-rich waste can be considered as a treasure for the producers interested in the valorization of such slowly-biodegradable by-products. As keratin is a protein that needs harsh conditions for its degradation, and that in most of the cases its constitutive amino acids are destroyed, we review new extraction methods that are eco-friendly and cost-effective. The chemical and enzymatic extractions of keratin are compared and the optimization of the extraction conditions at the lab scale is considered. In this study, there are also considered the potential applications of the extracted keratin as well as the reuse of the by-products obtained during the extraction processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Perța-Crișan
- Faculty of Food Engineering, Tourism and Environmental Protection, “Aurel Vlaicu” University of Arad, 2-4 E. Drăgoi Str., 310330 Arad, Romania; (S.P.-C.); (C.Ș.U.); (S.G.)
| | - Claudiu Ștefan Ursachi
- Faculty of Food Engineering, Tourism and Environmental Protection, “Aurel Vlaicu” University of Arad, 2-4 E. Drăgoi Str., 310330 Arad, Romania; (S.P.-C.); (C.Ș.U.); (S.G.)
| | - Simona Gavrilaș
- Faculty of Food Engineering, Tourism and Environmental Protection, “Aurel Vlaicu” University of Arad, 2-4 E. Drăgoi Str., 310330 Arad, Romania; (S.P.-C.); (C.Ș.U.); (S.G.)
| | - Florin Oancea
- Bioresource Department, National Institute for Research & Development in Chemistry and Petrochemistry-ICECHIM Bucharest, 202 Splaiul Independentei, 6th District, 060021 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Florentina-Daniela Munteanu
- Faculty of Food Engineering, Tourism and Environmental Protection, “Aurel Vlaicu” University of Arad, 2-4 E. Drăgoi Str., 310330 Arad, Romania; (S.P.-C.); (C.Ș.U.); (S.G.)
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Wang Y, Wang Y, Li L, Zhang Y, Ren X. Preparation of antibacterial biocompatible polycaprolactone/keratin nanofibrous mats by electrospinning. J Appl Polym Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/app.49862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Eco‐textiles of Ministry of Education, College of Textile Science and Engineering Jiangnan University Wuxi Jiangsu China
| | - Yingfeng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Eco‐textiles of Ministry of Education, College of Textile Science and Engineering Jiangnan University Wuxi Jiangsu China
| | - Lin Li
- Key Laboratory of Eco‐textiles of Ministry of Education, College of Textile Science and Engineering Jiangnan University Wuxi Jiangsu China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Eco‐textiles of Ministry of Education, College of Textile Science and Engineering Jiangnan University Wuxi Jiangsu China
| | - Xuehong Ren
- Key Laboratory of Eco‐textiles of Ministry of Education, College of Textile Science and Engineering Jiangnan University Wuxi Jiangsu China
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Feroz S, Muhammad N, Ranayake J, Dias G. Keratin - Based materials for biomedical applications. Bioact Mater 2020; 5:496-509. [PMID: 32322760 PMCID: PMC7171262 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2020.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Revised: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Keratin constitutes the major component of the feather, hair, hooves, horns, and wool represents a group of biological material having high cysteine content (7-13%) as compared to other structural proteins. Keratin -based biomaterials have been investigated extensively over the past few decades due to their intrinsic biological properties and excellent biocompatibility. Unlike other natural polymers such as starch, collagen, chitosan, the complex three-dimensional structure of keratin requires the use of harsh chemical conditions for their dissolution and extraction. The most commonly used methods for keratin extraction are oxidation, reduction, steam explosion, microbial method, microwave irradiation and use of ionic liquids. Keratin -based materials have been used extensively for various biomedical applications such as drug delivery, wound healing, tissue engineering. This review covers the structure, properties, history of keratin research, methods of extraction and some recent advancements related to the use of keratin derived biomaterials in the form of a 3-D scaffold, films, fibers, and hydrogels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandleen Feroz
- Department of Anatomy, School of Biomedical Sciences University of Otago, Otago, 9016, New Zealand
| | - Nawshad Muhammad
- Interdisciplinary Research Centre in Biomedical Materials (IRCBM), COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, Pakistan
| | - Jithendra Ranayake
- Department of Anatomy, School of Biomedical Sciences University of Otago, Otago, 9016, New Zealand
| | - George Dias
- Department of Anatomy, School of Biomedical Sciences University of Otago, Otago, 9016, New Zealand
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Pokrant E, Maddaleno A, Lobos R, Trincado L, Lapierre L, San Martín B, Cornejo J. Assessing the depletion of lincomycin in feathers from treated broiler chickens: a comparison with the concentration of its residues in edible tissues. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2019; 36:1647-1653. [PMID: 31535930 DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2019.1662952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Lincomycin is the first antimicrobial agent described for the lincosamide class and it is commonly used for the treatment of infectious enteric and respiratory diseases in poultry. Maximum residue limits (MRLs) in edible tissues have been established for this antimicrobial, however, no regulation has been proposed yet for by-products that are not intended for direct human consumption. Feathers are a by-product from poultry farming that might be used as an ingredient for diets fed to other farm animal species. The presence of antimicrobial residues in them is not monitored in spite of the fact that several studies have proved that they can persist in feathers. Currently though, no evidence has been presented regarding the behaviour of lincomycin in this matrix. Hence, this work intended to assess the depletion of lincomycin residues in feathers of birds treated with therapeutic doses and compare them with those detected in muscle and liver samples. Samples were collected for several days after ceasing treatment from a group of broiler chickens treated with a 25% lincomycin formulation. Methanol and Florisil® columns were used to extract and retain the analyte, and samples were analysed using a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer (API 5500, AB SCIEX™). On day 1 after ceasing treatment, average concentrations of lincomycin detected in feather samples reached up to 8582 μg kg-1 and by day 16, these had only declined by 63%, to an average of 3138 μg kg-1. Lincomycin residues were detected in feathers at every sampling point, even after they were not detectable in edible tissues. Depletion time was 98 days for feathers, considering the LOQ established for the methodology as cut-off value for the calculations. Data showed that lincomycin is highly persistent in feathers, which may result in this matrix becoming a re-entry route for its residues into the food chain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina Pokrant
- Preventive Medicine Department, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Aldo Maddaleno
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Ramón Lobos
- Preventive Medicine Department, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Lina Trincado
- Preventive Medicine Department, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Lisette Lapierre
- Preventive Medicine Department, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Betty San Martín
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Javiera Cornejo
- Preventive Medicine Department, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
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Zhang S, Zheng L, Zheng X, Ai B, Yang Y, Pan Y, Sheng Z. Effect of steam explosion treatments on the functional properties and structure of camellia (Camellia oleifera Abel.) seed cake protein. Food Hydrocoll 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2019.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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21
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Callegaro K, Brandelli A, Daroit DJ. Beyond plucking: Feathers bioprocessing into valuable protein hydrolysates. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2019; 95:399-415. [PMID: 31351626 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2019.06.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2019] [Revised: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 06/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The livestock production and subsequent processing of meat results in huge quantities of solid waste such as viscera, bones, skin and keratin-rich materials, including feathers, hair, wool, claws and hooves. In particular, the continuous growth of poultry industry generates massive amounts of feathers as major waste material. The conversion of such by-products into materials with increased value has been studied. Hydrothermal, chemical or biological approaches have been investigated to achive effective conversion of highly recalcitrant proteins that are abundant in animal waste, but increasing interest is devoted to the development of biotechnological methods. The processing of feathers and other by-products into protein hydrolysates may have industrial and commercial significance. Therefore, this review comprehensively addresses the postulated applications of hydrolysates obtained from keratinous biomasses. Examples on the utilization of feather hydrolysates as organic soil fertilizers, feed ingredients, cosmetic formulations and biofuel production are described in the literature. Microbial feather hydrolysis can generate bioactive peptides as well. The use of protein-rich waste from meat industry to produce hydrolysates with biological activities constitutes a point of utmost interest for development of functional ingredients with elevated value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly Callegaro
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ambiente e Tecnologias Sustentáveis, Universidade Federal da Fronteira Sul (UFFS), Campus Cerro Largo, Av. Jacob Reinaldo Haupenthal 1580, 97900-000 Cerro Largo, RS, Brazil
| | - Adriano Brandelli
- Laboratório de Bioquímica e Microbiologia Aplicada, Instituto de Ciência e Tecnologia de Alimentos (ICTA), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), 91501-970 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Daniel Joner Daroit
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ambiente e Tecnologias Sustentáveis, Universidade Federal da Fronteira Sul (UFFS), Campus Cerro Largo, Av. Jacob Reinaldo Haupenthal 1580, 97900-000 Cerro Largo, RS, Brazil.
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Nuutinen EM, Willberg-Keyriläinen P, Virtanen T, Mija A, Kuutti L, Lantto R, Jääskeläinen AS. Green process to regenerate keratin from feathers with an aqueous deep eutectic solvent. RSC Adv 2019; 9:19720-19728. [PMID: 35519403 PMCID: PMC9065387 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra03305j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study, waste feathers were processed into uniform keratin feedstock using an aqueous, inexpensive and non-toxic deep eutectic solvent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmi-Maria Nuutinen
- Solutions for Natural Resources and Environment
- VTT
- Technical Research Centre of Finland
- Espoo
- Finland
| | - Pia Willberg-Keyriläinen
- Solutions for Natural Resources and Environment
- VTT
- Technical Research Centre of Finland
- Espoo
- Finland
| | - Tommi Virtanen
- Solutions for Natural Resources and Environment
- VTT
- Technical Research Centre of Finland
- Espoo
- Finland
| | - Alice Mija
- Université Côte d'Azur
- Université Nice-Sophia Antipolis
- Institut de Chimie de Nice
- 06108 Nice Cedex 02
- France
| | - Lauri Kuutti
- Solutions for Natural Resources and Environment
- VTT
- Technical Research Centre of Finland
- Espoo
- Finland
| | - Raija Lantto
- Solutions for Natural Resources and Environment
- VTT
- Technical Research Centre of Finland
- Espoo
- Finland
| | - Anna-Stiina Jääskeläinen
- Solutions for Natural Resources and Environment
- VTT
- Technical Research Centre of Finland
- Espoo
- Finland
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23
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Vineis C, Varesano A, Varchi G, Aluigi A. Extraction and Characterization of Keratin from Different Biomasses. KERATIN AS A PROTEIN BIOPOLYMER 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-02901-2_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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24
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Al Faruque MA, Remadevi R, Wang X, Naebe M. Preparation and characterisation of mechanically milled particles from waste alpaca fibres. POWDER TECHNOL 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2018.10.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Adler SA, Slizyte R, Honkapää K, Løes AK. In vitro pepsin digestibility and amino acid composition in soluble and residual fractions of hydrolyzed chicken feathers. Poult Sci 2018; 97:3343-3357. [PMID: 29796647 PMCID: PMC6093747 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pey175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Accepted: 04/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Beta-keratin in poultry feathers is a structural protein that is resistant to degradation due to disulfide and hydrogen bonds. Feather meal can be a valuable feed compound if the digestibility can be increased. The objective of the present study was to analyze the effects of chemical, enzymatic, and pressure-thermic treatments for chicken feathers on solubility, in vitro protein digestibility (IVPD), and amino acid composition of solubilized and residual fractions. Two experiments were conducted. In experiment 1, models for solubility and IVPD were developed including the above factors applying a central composite face-centered design. Addition of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and sodium sulfite (Na2SO3), and autoclaving time affected solubility and IVPD of the feather hydrolysates, but not addition of keratinolytic enzyme. In experiment 2, 7 combinations of the hydrolysis factors NaOH, Na2SO3, and autoclaving time with a predicted IVPD of 900 g/kg of DM, calculated for the sum of solubilized and residual feather fractions, were included to measure effects on IVPD and amino acid composition in each fraction. The IVPD values were higher for solubilized than residual fractions when treated with NaOH and autoclaving, but no differences were found when treated with Na2SO3 and autoclaving. Losses of cystine were substantial for all treatments, but lower for Na2SO3 than for NaOH. Furthermore, use of lower Na2SO3 concentration and longer autoclaving time reduced losses of cystine. Compared with NaOH treatments, Na2SO3 gave lower losses of threonine, arginine, serine, and tyrosine. With reference to the ideal protein profile for Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.), the treatments with 60 or 90 min autoclaving and 0.36 or 0.21% Na2SO3 had the highest chemical scores. The scores were generally higher for amino acids in residual than solubilized fractions, but with 90 min autoclaving and 0.21% Na2SO3 differences were small. In conclusion, hydrolysis of chicken feathers with low concentrations of Na2SO3 combined with autoclaving results in feather meal with high nutritional value for Atlantic salmon; separation of solubilized and residual fractions is not necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- S A Adler
- NIBIO-Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research, P.O. Box 115, 1431 Ås, Norway
| | - R Slizyte
- SINTEF Ocean, 7465 Trondheim, Norway
| | - K Honkapää
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd, P.O. Box 1000, 02044 VTT, Finland
| | - A-K Løes
- Norwegian Centre for Organic Agriculture, 6630 Tingvoll, Norway
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Tian Z, Wang S, Hu X, Zhang Z, Liang L. Crystalline reduction, surface area enlargement and pore generation of chitin by instant catapult steam explosion. Carbohydr Polym 2018; 200:255-261. [PMID: 30177165 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2018.07.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2018] [Revised: 07/17/2018] [Accepted: 07/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
In this study, instant catapult steam explosion (ICSE) was employed for chitin treatment, and the effect of ICSE on the chitin structure was systematically investigated by using a series of analytical techniques including scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller analysis. Due to the powerful seepage force of the steam during ICSE, the crystallinity index of chitin decreased 10.2% in the (1 1 0) plane and 13.3% in the (0 2 0) plane. Significantly larger surface areas (up to 2.5 times greater, 12.69 m²/g at 1.6 MPa) with more and larger pores (up to a 3.5 times larger pore volume, 0.0333 cm³/g at 2.0 MPa) were achieved after ICSE, and numerous lacerated-like pore shapes were observed on the porous surface of chitin. Importantly, the molecular structure of chitin remained intact with no substantial damage to chitin's molecular weight, thermostability and acetylation (∼70%), which ensures the possibility and diversity of further chitin derivatization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqing Tian
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Postharvest Handling, Ministry of Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Engineering, Beijing 100121, China
| | - Shikui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Postharvest Handling, Ministry of Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Engineering, Beijing 100121, China.
| | - Xuefang Hu
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Postharvest Handling, Ministry of Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Engineering, Beijing 100121, China
| | - Zhimin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Postharvest Handling, Ministry of Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Engineering, Beijing 100121, China
| | - Liang Liang
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Postharvest Handling, Ministry of Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Engineering, Beijing 100121, China
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Shavandi A, Silva TH, Bekhit AA, Bekhit AEDA. Keratin: dissolution, extraction and biomedical application. Biomater Sci 2018; 5:1699-1735. [PMID: 28686242 DOI: 10.1039/c7bm00411g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 172] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Keratinous materials such as wool, feathers and hooves are tough unique biological co-products that usually have high sulfur and protein contents. A high cystine content (7-13%) differentiates keratins from other structural proteins, such as collagen and elastin. Dissolution and extraction of keratin is a difficult process compared to other natural polymers, such as chitosan, starch, collagen, and a large-scale use of keratin depends on employing a relatively fast, cost-effective and time efficient extraction method. Keratin has some inherent ability to facilitate cell adhesion, proliferation, and regeneration of the tissue, therefore keratin biomaterials can provide a biocompatible matrix for regrowth and regeneration of the defective tissue. Additionally, due to its amino acid constituents, keratin can be tailored and finely tuned to meet the exact requirement of degradation, drug release or incorporation of different hydrophobic or hydrophilic tails. This review discusses the various methods available for the dissolution and extraction of keratin with emphasis on their advantages and limitations. The impacts of various methods and chemicals used on the structure and the properties of keratin are discussed with the aim of highlighting options available toward commercial keratin production. This review also reports the properties of various keratin-based biomaterials and critically examines how these materials are influenced by the keratin extraction procedure, discussing the features that make them effective as biomedical applications, as well as some of the mechanisms of action and physiological roles of keratin. Particular attention is given to the practical application of keratin biomaterials, namely addressing the advantages and limitations on the use of keratin films, 3D composite scaffolds and keratin hydrogels for tissue engineering, wound healing, hemostatic and controlled drug release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amin Shavandi
- Center for Materials Science and Technology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.
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28
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Ni S, Zhao W, Zhang Y, Gasmalla MAA, Yang R. Efficient and eco-friendly extraction of corn germ oil using aqueous ethanol solution assisted by steam explosion. Journal of Food Science and Technology 2016; 53:2108-16. [PMID: 27413241 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-016-2189-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 12/29/2015] [Accepted: 01/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
An improved aqueous extraction method has been established for extraction of oil from corn germs. This method primarily included steam explosion pretreatment and aqueous ethanol extraction. Process variables such as steam pressure, resident time, particle size and ethanol concentration were investigated. The highest yield of 93.74 % was obtained when ground steam-exploded corn germ (1.3 MPa, 30 s, 30-35 μm particle size) was treated with 30 % (v/v) aqueous ethanol for 2 h, at 60 °C and pH 9.0. The residual oil content in water and sediment phase decreased dramatically to 4 % and 3 %, respectively. The enhancement mechanism of the process induced by steam explosion was analyzed by confocal laser scanning microscope (CLSM). The quality of extracted crude oil was also investigated. The results showed that the quality of extracted oil was superior to commercial oils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuangshuang Ni
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science & Technology and School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, No. 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, 214122 China
| | - Wei Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science & Technology and School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, No. 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, 214122 China
| | - Yiqi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science & Technology and School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, No. 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, 214122 China
| | - Mohammed A A Gasmalla
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science & Technology and School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, No. 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, 214122 China ; Department of Nutrition & Food Technology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Omdurman Islamic University, P.O. Box 382, 14415 Omdurman, Khartoum Sudan
| | - Ruijin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science & Technology and School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, No. 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, 214122 China
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30
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Protein hydrolysates from animal processing by-products as a source of bioactive molecules with interest in animal feeding: A review. Food Res Int 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2015.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Guo J, Bian YY, Zhu KX, Guo XN, Peng W, Zhou HM. Effect of Steam Flash Explosion Pretreatment on Phytate Degradation of Wheat Bran. FOOD BIOPROCESS TECH 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s11947-015-1517-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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32
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Methionine production—a critical review. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2014; 98:9893-914. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-014-6156-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2014] [Revised: 10/09/2014] [Accepted: 10/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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