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Hu K, Pang T, Yang C, Han P, Li L, Wang P, Zhang Z, Zhao W, Zhang S. Simultaneous extraction of hydroxylated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and catecholamines with magnetic boronic acid hypercrosslinked polymers. J Chromatogr A 2023; 1712:464491. [PMID: 37931428 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2023.464491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
Urinary hydroxylated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (OH-PAHs) and catecholamines (CAs) are important biomarkers of PAHs exposure. In this study, a novel magnetic boronic acid hypercrosslinked composite (Fe3O4@HCP-BA) is synthesized using a facile one-pot strategy and applied as a sorbent for the simultaneous extraction of OH-PAHs and CAs in urine samples. The synthesized Fe3O4@HCP-BA composites are characterized by rich pore structure, highly specific surface area, good magnetic response, and excellent selectivity and adsorption efficiency (range: 65.26-496.71 and 1227.3-1581.8 µmol g-1 for CAs and OH-PAHs, respectively). The mechanisms governing the adsorption of the OH-PAHs and CAs to the Fe3O4@HCP-BA composites were systematically studied via adsorption kinetics, isotherm models, XPS characterization, and molecular simulation. The resultant Fe3O4@HCP-BA composite-based MSPE/HPLC-FLD method exhibited good linearity (R2 > 0.9916), low limits of detection (0.2-0.3 pg mL-1 and 0.2-0.3 ng mL-1 for OH-PAHs and CAs, respectively), and good precision (intra-day and inter-day RSDs < 11.1%). The analysis of CAs and OH-PAHs in the urine samples from 14 smokers and 14 non-smokers revealed a positive correlation between the concentrations of CAs and OH-PAHs. Our findings not only establish the proposed method as a green, environmentally friendly, and simple strategy for preparing magnetic adsorbents, but also confirm it as a promising alternative method for accurate determination of OH-PAHs and CAs in biological samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Hu
- Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China.
| | - Tiantian Pang
- Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Cheng Yang
- Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Pengzhao Han
- Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Lixin Li
- Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Pan Wang
- Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Zhenqiang Zhang
- Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China.
| | - Wenjie Zhao
- School of Chemistry, Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
| | - Shusheng Zhang
- Center for modern analysis and gene sequencing, Zhengzhou University, No. 100 of Kexue Road, Zhengzhou 450001, China
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León-Morán L, Pastor-Belda M, Campillo N, Arroyo-Manzanares N, Torres C, Viñas P. Monitoring of hydroxylated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in human tissues: Targeted and untargeted approaches using liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry. J Sep Sci 2023; 46:e2300207. [PMID: 37403284 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202300207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023]
Abstract
Hydroxylated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons are metabolites of persistent organic pollutants which are formed during the bioactivation process of biological matrices and whose toxicity is being studied. The aim of this work was the development of a novel analytical method for the determination of these metabolites in human tissues, known to have bioaccumulated their parent compounds. Samples were treated by salting-out assisted liquid-liquid extraction and the extracts were analyzed by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry with a hybrid quadrupole-time-of-flight analyzer. The proposed method achieved limits of detection in the 0.15-9.0 ng/g range for the five target analytes (1-hydroxynaphthalene, 1-hydroxypyrene, 2-hydroxynaphthalene, 7-hydroxybenzo[a]pyrene, and 9-hydroxyphenanthrene). The quantification was achieved by matrix-matched calibration using 2,2´-biphenol as internal standard. For all compounds, relative standard deviation, calculated for six successive analyses, was below 12.1%, demonstrating good precision for the developed method. None of the target compounds was detected in the 34 studied samples. Moreover, an untargeted approach was applied to study the presence of other metabolites in the samples, as well as their conjugated forms and related compounds. For this objective, a homemade mass spectrometry database covering 81 compounds was created and none of them was detected in the samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lixy León-Morán
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare-Nostrum", University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Marta Pastor-Belda
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare-Nostrum", University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Natalia Campillo
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare-Nostrum", University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Natalia Arroyo-Manzanares
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare-Nostrum", University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Carmen Torres
- Department of Legal and Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Biomedical Research Institute (IMIB-Arrixaca), University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Pilar Viñas
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare-Nostrum", University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
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Cocci P, Mosconi G, Palermo FA. Effect of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons on homeobox gene expression during embryonic development of cuttlefish, Sepia officinalis. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 325:138315. [PMID: 36889469 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.138315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are persistent organic pollutants (POPs) commonly found in marine environments. Their bioaccumulation can cause harm to aquatic organisms, including invertebrates, particularly during the early stages of embryonic development. In this study, we evaluated, for the first time, the patterns of PAH accumulation in both capsule and embryo of common cuttlefish (Sepia officinalis). In addition, we explored the effects of PAHs by analysing the expression profiles of seven homeobox genes [i.e., gastrulation brain homeobox (GBX), paralogy group labial/Hox1 (HOX1), paralogy group Hox3 (HOX3), dorsal root ganglia homeobox (DRGX), visual system homeobox (VSX), aristaless-like homeobox (ARX) and LIM-homeodomain transcription factor (LHX3/4)]. We found that PAH levels in egg capsules were higher than those observed in chorion membranes (35.1 ± 13.3 ng/g vs 16.4 ± 5.9 ng/g). Furthermore, PAHs were also found in perivitellin fluid (11.5 ± 5.0 ng/ml). Naphthalene and acenaphthene were the congeners present at highest concentrations in each analysed egg component suggesting higher bioaccumulation rates. Embryos with high concentrations of PAHs also showed a significant increase in mRNA expression for each of the analysed homeobox genes. In particular, we observed a 15-fold increase in the ARX expression levels. Additionally, the statistically significant variation in homeobox gene expression patterns was accompanied by a concomitant increase in mRNA levels of both aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) and estrogen receptor (ER). These findings suggest that bioaccumulation of PAHs may modulate developmental processes of cuttlefish embryos by targeting homeobox gene-mediated transcriptional outcomes. Mechanisms underlying the upregulation of homeobox genes could be related to the ability of PAHs to directly activate AhR- or ER-related signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Cocci
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Via Gentile III Da Varano, I-62032, Camerino, MC, Italy
| | - Gilberto Mosconi
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Via Gentile III Da Varano, I-62032, Camerino, MC, Italy
| | - Francesco Alessandro Palermo
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Via Gentile III Da Varano, I-62032, Camerino, MC, Italy.
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Zhao L, Zhou M, Zhao Y, Yang J, Pu Q, Yang H, Wu Y, Lyu C, Li Y. Potential Toxicity Risk Assessment and Priority Control Strategy for PAHs Metabolism and Transformation Behaviors in the Environment. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:10972. [PMID: 36078713 PMCID: PMC9517862 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191710972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In this study, 16 PAHs were selected as the priority control pollutants to summarize their environmental metabolism and transformation processes, including photolysis, plant degradation, bacterial degradation, fungal degradation, microalgae degradation, and human metabolic transformation. Meanwhile, a total of 473 PAHs by-products generated during their transformation and degradation in different environmental media were considered. Then, a comprehensive system was established for evaluating the PAHs by-products' neurotoxicity, immunotoxicity, phytotoxicity, developmental toxicity, genotoxicity, carcinogenicity, and endocrine-disrupting effect through molecular docking, molecular dynamics simulation, 3D-QSAR model, TOPKAT method, and VEGA platform. Finally, the potential environmental risk (phytotoxicity) and human health risks (neurotoxicity, immunotoxicity, genotoxicity, carcinogenicity, developmental toxicity, and endocrine-disrupting toxicity) during PAHs metabolism and transformation were comprehensively evaluated. Among the 473 PAH's metabolized and transformed products, all PAHs by-products excluding ACY, CHR, and DahA had higher neurotoxicity, 152 PAHs by-products had higher immunotoxicity, and 222 PAHs by-products had higher phytotoxicity than their precursors during biological metabolism and environmental transformation. Based on the TOPKAT model, 152 PAH by-products possessed potential developmental toxicity, and 138 PAH by-products had higher genotoxicity than their precursors. VEGA predicted that 247 kinds of PAH derivatives had carcinogenic activity, and only the natural transformation products of ACY did not have carcinogenicity. In addition to ACY, 15 PAHs produced 123 endocrine-disrupting substances during metabolism and transformation. Finally, the potential environmental and human health risks of PAHs metabolism and transformation products were evaluated using metabolic and transformation pathway probability and degree of toxic risk as indicators. Accordingly, the priority control strategy for PAHs was constructed based on the risk entropy method by screening the priority control pathways. This paper assesses the potential human health and environmental risks of PAHs in different environmental media with the help of models and toxicological modules for the toxicity prediction of PAHs by-products, and thus designs a risk priority control evaluation system for PAHs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhao
- College of New Energy and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Mengying Zhou
- MOE Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Systems Optimization, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Systems Optimization, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Jiawen Yang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Systems Optimization, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Qikun Pu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Systems Optimization, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Hao Yang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Systems Optimization, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Yang Wu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Systems Optimization, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Cong Lyu
- College of New Energy and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Yu Li
- MOE Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Systems Optimization, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China
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Dimbarre Lao Guimarães I, Casanova Monteiro F, Vianna da Anunciação de Pinho J, de Almeida Rodrigues P, Gomes Ferrari R, Adam Conte-Junior C. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in aquatic animals: a systematic review on analytical advances and challenges. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART A, TOXIC/HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES & ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING 2022; 57:198-217. [PMID: 35262454 DOI: 10.1080/10934529.2022.2048614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2021] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), the main component of petroleum, are a concern due to their environmental persistence, long-range transport, and potential toxic effects on animal, human health, and the environment. PAHs are considered persistent compounds and can be bioaccumulated in sediments and aquatic biota. Determining PAHs in animals and environmental samples consists of three steps: extraction, clean-up or purification, and analytical determination. The matrix complexity and the diversity of environmental contaminants, such as PAHs resulted in the development of numerous analytical techniques and protocols for the extraction of these components and analysis in several samples. This systematic review article seeks to relate the extraction and preparation methods of complex samples from aquatic animals and the two main detection techniques of PAHs. For the elaboration of the research, 67 articles published between 2011 and 2021 were sought, which specifically contemplated the isolation of aquatic extracts and detection and quantification techniques of PAHs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Paloma de Almeida Rodrigues
- Department of Food Technology, Molecular and Analytical Laboratory Center, Faculty of Veterinary, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, Brazil
| | - Rafaela Gomes Ferrari
- Department of Biochemistry, Chemistry Institute, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Department of Zootechnics, Agrarian Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraiba, Paraiba, Brazil
| | - Carlos Adam Conte-Junior
- Department of Biochemistry, Chemistry Institute, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Department of Food Technology, Molecular and Analytical Laboratory Center, Faculty of Veterinary, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, Brazil
- National Institute of Health Quality Control, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Bunkoed O, Rueankaew T, Nurerk P, Kanatharana P. Polyaniline-coated cigarette filters as a solid-phase extraction sorbent for the extraction and enrichment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon in water samples. J Sep Sci 2016; 39:2332-9. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201600285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2016] [Revised: 03/31/2016] [Accepted: 04/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Opas Bunkoed
- Trace Analysis and Biosensor Research Center; Prince of Songkla University; Hat Yai Songkhla Thailand
- Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science; Prince of Songkla University; Hat Yai Songkhla Thailand
| | - Thanaschaphorn Rueankaew
- Trace Analysis and Biosensor Research Center; Prince of Songkla University; Hat Yai Songkhla Thailand
- Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science; Prince of Songkla University; Hat Yai Songkhla Thailand
| | - Piyaluk Nurerk
- Trace Analysis and Biosensor Research Center; Prince of Songkla University; Hat Yai Songkhla Thailand
- Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science; Prince of Songkla University; Hat Yai Songkhla Thailand
| | - Proespichaya Kanatharana
- Trace Analysis and Biosensor Research Center; Prince of Songkla University; Hat Yai Songkhla Thailand
- Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science; Prince of Songkla University; Hat Yai Songkhla Thailand
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Jiang D, Xin C, Li W, Chen J, Li F, Chu Z, Xiao P, Shao L. Quantitative analysis and health risk assessment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in edible vegetable oils marketed in Shandong of China. Food Chem Toxicol 2015; 83:61-7. [PMID: 26072099 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2015.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2015] [Revised: 06/01/2015] [Accepted: 06/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This work studies on the quantitative analysis and health risk assessment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in edible vegetable oils in Shandong, China. The concentrations of 15 PAHs in 242 samples were determined by high performance liquid chromatography coupled with fluorescence detection. The results indicated that the mean concentration of 15 PAHs in oil samples was 54.37 μg kg(-1). Low molecular weight PAH compounds were the predominant contamination. Especially, the carcinogenic benzo(a)pyrene (BaP) was detected at a mean concentration of 1.28 μg kg(-1), which was lower than the limit of European Union and China. A preliminary evaluation of human health risk assessment for PAHs was accomplished using BaP toxic equivalency factors and the incremental lifetime cancer risk (ILCR). The ILCR values for children, adolescents, adults, and seniors were all larger than 1 × 10(-6), indicating a high potential carcinogenic risk on the dietary exposed populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dafeng Jiang
- Shandong Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 250014 Jinan, People's Republic of China; Academy of Preventive Medicine, Shandong University, 250014 Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Chenglong Xin
- Shandong Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 250014 Jinan, People's Republic of China; Academy of Preventive Medicine, Shandong University, 250014 Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Li
- Shandong Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 250014 Jinan, People's Republic of China; Academy of Preventive Medicine, Shandong University, 250014 Jinan, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jindong Chen
- Shandong Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 250014 Jinan, People's Republic of China; Academy of Preventive Medicine, Shandong University, 250014 Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Fenghua Li
- Shandong Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 250014 Jinan, People's Republic of China; Academy of Preventive Medicine, Shandong University, 250014 Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Zunhua Chu
- Shandong Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 250014 Jinan, People's Republic of China; Academy of Preventive Medicine, Shandong University, 250014 Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Peirui Xiao
- Shandong Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 250014 Jinan, People's Republic of China; Academy of Preventive Medicine, Shandong University, 250014 Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Lijun Shao
- Shandong Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 250014 Jinan, People's Republic of China; Academy of Preventive Medicine, Shandong University, 250014 Jinan, People's Republic of China
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Torrinha A, Cruz R, Gomes F, Mendes E, Casal S, Morais S. Octopus lipid and vitamin E composition: interspecies, interorigin, and nutritional variability. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2014; 62:8508-8517. [PMID: 25087929 DOI: 10.1021/jf502502b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Octopus vulgaris, Octopus maya, and Eledone cirrhosa from distinct marine environments [Northeast Atlantic (NEA), Northwest Atlantic (NWA), Eastern Central Atlantic, Western Central Atlantic (WCA), Pacific Ocean, and Mediterranean Sea] were characterized regarding their lipid and vitamin E composition. These species are those commercially more relevant worldwide. Significant interspecies and interorigin differences were observed. Unsaturated fatty acids account for more than 65% of total fatty acids, mostly ω-3 PUFA due to docosahexaenoic (18.4-29.3%) and eicosapentanoic acid (11.4-23.9%) contributions. The highest ω-3 PUFA amounts and ω-3/ω-6 ratios were quantified in the heaviest specimens, O. vulgaris from NWA, with high market price, and simultaneously in the lowest graded samples, E. cirrhosa from NEA, of reduced dimensions. Although having the highest cholesterol contents, E. cirrhosa from NEA and O. maya from WCA have also higher protective fatty acid indexes. Chemometric discrimination allowed clustering the selected species and several origins based on lipid and vitamin E profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alvaro Torrinha
- REQUIMTE, Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Porto, Instituto Politécnico do Porto , Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 431, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
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