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Li F, Bian L, Ge J, Han F, Liu Z, Li X, Liu Y, Lin Z, Shi H, Liu C, Chang Q, Lu B, Zhang S, Hu J, Xu D, Shao C, Chen S. Chromosome-level genome assembly of the East Asian common octopus (Octopus sinensis) using PacBio sequencing and Hi-C technology. Mol Ecol Resour 2020. [PMID: 32603549 DOI: 10.1111/1755-0998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The Cephalopoda are a group of highly diverse marine species in the phylum Mollusca, which are distributed worldwide. They have evolved some vertebrate-like biological traits and exhibit complicated behavioural repertoires. Thus, they are interesting species for studying the mechanisms of evolutionary convergence, innovational functional structures and evolutionary adaptation to a highly active, predatory lifestyle in diverse marine environments. Despite the evolutionary placement and biological significance of cephalopods, genomic data on these organisms remain limited. Here, we assembled a chromosome-level genome of a female East Asian common octopus (Octopus sinensis) by combining Pacific Bioscience (PacBio) single-molecule real-time sequencing, Illumina paired-end sequencing and Hi-C technology. An O. sinensis genome of 2.72 Gb was assembled from a total of 245.01 Gb high-quality PacBio sequences. The assembled genome represents 80.2% completeness (BUSCO) with a contig N50 of 490.36 Kb and a scaffold N50 of 105.89 Mb, showing a considerable improvement compared with other sequenced cephalopod genomes. Hi-C scaffolding of the genome resulted in the construction of 30 pseudochromosomes in Cephalopoda, representing 96.41% of the assembled sequences. The genome contained 42.26% repeat sequences and 5,245 noncoding RNAs. A total of 31,676 protein-coding genes were predicted, of which 82.73% were functionally annotated. The comparative genomic analysis identified 17,020 orthologous gene families, including 819 unique gene families and 629 expanded gene families. This genomic information will be an important molecular resource for further investigation of biological function and evolutionary adaptations in octopuses, and facilitate research into their population genetics and comparative evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fenghui Li
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, China
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Collaborative Innovation for Aquatic Animal Genetics and Breeding, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Agriculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Bian
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, China
- Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao, China
| | - Jianlong Ge
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, China
- Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao, China
| | - Fengming Han
- Biomarker Technologies Corporation, Beijing, China
| | - Zhihong Liu
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, China
- Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao, China
| | - Xuming Li
- Biomarker Technologies Corporation, Beijing, China
| | - Yongsheng Liu
- Fisheries Research Institute of Yantai, Yantai, China
| | - Zhishu Lin
- Qingdao Municipal Ocean Technology Achievement Promotion Center, Qingdao, China
| | - Huilai Shi
- Marine Fisheries Research Institute of Zhejiang, Zhoushan, China
| | - Changlin Liu
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, China
- Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao, China
| | - Qing Chang
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, China
- Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao, China
| | - Bin Lu
- Marine Fisheries Research Institute of Zhejiang, Zhoushan, China
| | - Shengnong Zhang
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, China
- Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao, China
| | - Jiancheng Hu
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, China
- Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao, China
| | - Dafeng Xu
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, China
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Collaborative Innovation for Aquatic Animal Genetics and Breeding, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Agriculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Changwei Shao
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, China
- Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao, China
| | - Siqing Chen
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, China
- Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao, China
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Quinteiro J, Rodríguez-Castro J, Rey-Méndez M, González-Henríquez N. Phylogeography of the insular populations of common octopus, Octopus vulgaris Cuvier, 1797, in the Atlantic Macaronesia. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0230294. [PMID: 32191765 PMCID: PMC7082011 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0230294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Exploited, understudied populations of the common octopus, Octopus vulgaris Cuvier, 1797, occur in the northeastern Atlantic (NEA) throughout Macaronesia, comprising the Azores, Madeira and Canaries, and also the Cabo Verde archipelago. This octopus species, found from the intertidal to shallow continental-shelf waters, is largely sedentary, and the subject of intense, frequently unregulated fishing effort. We infer connectivity among insular populations of this octopus. Mitochondrial control region and COX1 sequence datasets reveal two highly divergent haplogroups (α and β) at similar frequencies, with opposing clinal distributions along the sampled latitudinal range. Haplogroups have different demographic and phylogeographic patterns, with origins related to the two last glacial maxima. FST values suggest a significant differentiation for most pairwise comparisons, including insular and continental samples, from the Galicia and Morocco coasts, with the exception of pairwise comparisons for samples from Madeira and the Canaries populations. Results indicate the existence of genetically differentiated octopus populations throughout the NEA. This emphasizes the importance of regulations by autonomous regional governments of the Azores, Madeira and the Canaries, for appropriate management of insular octopus stocks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Quinteiro
- Molecular Systematics Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University Santiago de Compostela, A Coruña, Galicia, Spain
- * E-mail:
| | - Jorge Rodríguez-Castro
- Molecular Systematics Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University Santiago de Compostela, A Coruña, Galicia, Spain
| | - Manuel Rey-Méndez
- Molecular Systematics Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University Santiago de Compostela, A Coruña, Galicia, Spain
| | - Nieves González-Henríquez
- BIOMOL Laboratory, Department of Biology, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
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de Luna Sales JB, Haimovici M, Ready JS, Souza RF, Ferreira Y, de Cassia Silva Pinon J, Costa LFC, Asp NE, Sampaio I, Schneider H. Surveying cephalopod diversity of the Amazon reef system using samples from red snapper stomachs and description of a new genus and species of octopus. Sci Rep 2019; 9:5956. [PMID: 30976082 PMCID: PMC6459862 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-42464-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2018] [Accepted: 03/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The cephalopod fauna of the southwestern Atlantic is especially poorly-known because sampling is mostly limited to commercial net-fishing operations that are relatively inefficient at obtaining cephalopods associated with complex benthic substrates. Cephalopods have been identified in the diets of many large marine species but, as few hard structures survive digestion in most cases, the identification of ingested specimens to species level is often impossible. Samples can be identified by molecular techniques like barcoding and for cephalopods, mitochondrial 16S and COI genes have proven to be useful diagnostic markers for this purpose. The Amazon River estuary and continental shelf are known to encompass a range of different substrates with recent mapping highlighting the existence of an extensive reef system, a type of habitat known to support cephalopod diversity. The present study identified samples of the cephalopod fauna of this region obtained from the stomachs of red snappers, Lutjanus purpureus, a large, commercially-important fish harvested by fisheries using traps and hook-and-line gear that are capable of sampling habitats inaccessible to nets. A total of 98 samples were identified using molecular tools, revealing the presence of three squid species and eight MOTUs within the Octopodidae, representing five major clades. These include four known genera, Macrotritopus, Octopus, Scaeurgus and Amphioctopus, and one basal group distinct from all known octopodid genera described here as Lepidoctopus joaquini Haimovici and Sales, new genus and species. Molecular analysis of large predatory fish stomach contents was found to be an incredibly effective extended sampling method for biodiversity surveys where direct sampling is very difficult.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Bráullio de Luna Sales
- Universidade Federal do Pará, Campus Universitário do Marajó-Breves, Faculdade de Ciências Naturais (FACIN), ZIP: 68800-000, Breves, PA, Brazil.
- Laboratório de Lepidopterologia e Ictiologia Integrada, Centro de Estudos Avançados da Biodiversidade, ICB-UFPA, ZIP: 66075-110, Belém, PA, Brazil.
| | - Manuel Haimovici
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Laboratório de Recursos Demersais e Cefalópodes, ZIP: 96201-900, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
| | - Jonathan Stuart Ready
- Laboratório de Lepidopterologia e Ictiologia Integrada, Centro de Estudos Avançados da Biodiversidade, ICB-UFPA, ZIP: 66075-110, Belém, PA, Brazil
| | | | - Yrlene Ferreira
- Laboratório de Filogenômica e Bioinformática, Instituto de Estudos Costeiros, Universidade Federal do Pará, Campus Universitário de Bragança, ZIP: 68600-000, Bragança, PA, Brazil
| | - Jessica de Cassia Silva Pinon
- Universidade Federal do Pará, Instituto de Educação Matemática e Cientifica, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Educação em Ciências Matemáticas, ZIP: 66075-110, Belém, PA, Brazil
| | - Luis Fernando Carvalho Costa
- Laboratório de Genética e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Maranhão (UFMA), Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Departamento de Biologia, Campus Bacanga, São Luis, MA, Brazil
| | - Nils Edvin Asp
- Laboratório de Geologia Costeira, UFPA-IECOS, Campus de Bragança, ZIP: 68600-000, Bragança, PA, Brazil
| | - Iracilda Sampaio
- Laboratório de Filogenômica e Bioinformática, Instituto de Estudos Costeiros, Universidade Federal do Pará, Campus Universitário de Bragança, ZIP: 68600-000, Bragança, PA, Brazil
| | - Horacio Schneider
- Laboratório de Filogenômica e Bioinformática, Instituto de Estudos Costeiros, Universidade Federal do Pará, Campus Universitário de Bragança, ZIP: 68600-000, Bragança, PA, Brazil
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Whitelaw BL, Cooke IR, Finn J, Zenger K, Strugnell JM. The evolution and origin of tetrodotoxin acquisition in the blue-ringed octopus (genus Hapalochlaena). Aquat Toxicol 2019; 206:114-122. [PMID: 30472480 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2018.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Revised: 10/22/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Tetrodotoxin is a potent non-proteinaceous neurotoxin, which is commonly found in the marine environment. Synthesised by bacteria, tetrodotoxin has been isolated from the tissues of several genera including pufferfish, salamanders and octopus. Believed to provide a defensive function, the independent evolution of tetrodotoxin sequestration is poorly understood in most species. Two mechanisms of tetrodotoxin resistance have been identified to date, tetrodotoxin binding proteins in the circulatory system and mutations to voltage gated sodium channels, the binding target of tetrodotoxin with the former potentially succeeding the latter in evolutionary time. This review focuses on the evolution of tetrodotoxin acquisition, in particular how it may have occurred within the blue-ringed octopus genus (Hapalochlaena) and the subsequent impact on venom evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brooke L Whitelaw
- Centre for Sustainable Tropical Fisheries and Aquaculture, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, 4811, Australia.
| | - Ira R Cooke
- College of Public Health, Medical and Vet Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, 4811, Australia; La Trobe Institute of Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, 3086, Vic. Australia
| | - Julian Finn
- Sciences, Museum Victoria, Carlton, Victoria 3053, Australia
| | - Kyall Zenger
- Centre for Sustainable Tropical Fisheries and Aquaculture, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, 4811, Australia
| | - J M Strugnell
- Centre for Sustainable Tropical Fisheries and Aquaculture, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, 4811, Australia; Department of Ecology, Environment and Evolution, La Trobe University, Melbourne, 3086, Vic. Australia
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Torrinha A, Cruz R, Gomes F, Mendes E, Casal S, Morais S. Octopus lipid and vitamin E composition: interspecies, interorigin, and nutritional variability. J Agric Food Chem 2014; 62:8508-8517. [PMID: 25087929 DOI: 10.1021/jf502502b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Octopus vulgaris, Octopus maya, and Eledone cirrhosa from distinct marine environments [Northeast Atlantic (NEA), Northwest Atlantic (NWA), Eastern Central Atlantic, Western Central Atlantic (WCA), Pacific Ocean, and Mediterranean Sea] were characterized regarding their lipid and vitamin E composition. These species are those commercially more relevant worldwide. Significant interspecies and interorigin differences were observed. Unsaturated fatty acids account for more than 65% of total fatty acids, mostly ω-3 PUFA due to docosahexaenoic (18.4-29.3%) and eicosapentanoic acid (11.4-23.9%) contributions. The highest ω-3 PUFA amounts and ω-3/ω-6 ratios were quantified in the heaviest specimens, O. vulgaris from NWA, with high market price, and simultaneously in the lowest graded samples, E. cirrhosa from NEA, of reduced dimensions. Although having the highest cholesterol contents, E. cirrhosa from NEA and O. maya from WCA have also higher protective fatty acid indexes. Chemometric discrimination allowed clustering the selected species and several origins based on lipid and vitamin E profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alvaro Torrinha
- REQUIMTE, Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Porto, Instituto Politécnico do Porto , Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 431, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
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Cheng R, Zheng X, Ma Y, Li Q. The complete mitochondrial genomes of two octopods Cistopus chinensis and Cistopus taiwanicus: revealing the phylogenetic position of the genus Cistopus within the order Octopoda. PLoS One 2013; 8:e84216. [PMID: 24358345 PMCID: PMC3866134 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0084216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2013] [Accepted: 11/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study, we determined the complete mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) sequences of two species of Cistopus, namely C. chinensis and C. taiwanicus, and conducted a comparative mt genome analysis across the class Cephalopoda. The mtDNA length of C. chinensis and C. taiwanicus are 15706 and 15793 nucleotides with an AT content of 76.21% and 76.5%, respectively. The sequence identity of mtDNA between C. chinensis and C. taiwanicus was 88%, suggesting a close relationship. Compared with C. taiwanicus and other octopods, C. chinensis encoded two additional tRNA genes, showing a novel gene arrangement. In addition, an unusual 23 poly (A) signal structure is found in the ATP8 coding region of C. chinensis. The entire genome and each protein coding gene of the two Cistopus species displayed notable levels of AT and GC skews. Based on sliding window analysis among Octopodiformes, ND1 and DN5 were considered to be more reliable molecular beacons. Phylogenetic analyses based on the 13 protein-coding genes revealed that C. chinensis and C. taiwanicus form a monophyletic group with high statistical support, consistent with previous studies based on morphological characteristics. Our results also indicated that the phylogenetic position of the genus Cistopus is closer to Octopus than to Amphioctopus and Callistoctopus. The complete mtDNA sequence of C. chinensis and C. taiwanicus represent the first whole mt genomes in the genus Cistopus. These novel mtDNA data will be important in refining the phylogenetic relationships within Octopodiformes and enriching the resource of markers for systematic, population genetic and evolutionary biological studies of Cephalopoda.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rubin Cheng
- Fisheries College, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaodong Zheng
- Fisheries College, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
- Institute of Evolution and Marine Biodiversity, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
- * E-mail:
| | - Yuanyuan Ma
- Fisheries College, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Qi Li
- Fisheries College, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
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Guzik MT, Norman MD, Crozier RH. Molecular phylogeny of the benthic shallow-water octopuses (Cephalopoda: Octopodinae). Mol Phylogenet Evol 2006; 37:235-48. [PMID: 16009571 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2005.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2004] [Revised: 05/09/2005] [Accepted: 05/13/2005] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Octopus has been regarded as a "catch all" genus, yet its monophyly is questionable and has been untested. We inferred a broad-scale phylogeny of the benthic shallow-water octopuses (subfamily Octopodinae) using amino acid sequences of two mitochondrial DNA genes: Cytochrome oxidase subunit III and Cytochrome b apoenzyme, and the nuclear DNA gene Elongation Factor-1alpha. Sequence data were obtained from 26 Octopus species and from four related genera. Maximum likelihood and Bayesian approaches were implemented to estimate the phylogeny, and non-parametric bootstrapping was used to verify confidence for Bayesian topologies. Phylogenetic relationships between closely related species were generally well resolved, and groups delineated, but the genes did not resolve deep divergences well. The phylogenies indicated strongly that Octopus is not monophyletic, but several monophyletic groups were identified within the genus. It is therefore clear that octopodid systematics requires major revision.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle T Guzik
- School of Tropical Biology, James Cook University, Townsville, Qld, Australia
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Abstract
The well-known ability of octopuses to escape enclosures is a behavior that can be fatal and, therefore, is an animal welfare issue. This study obtained survey data from 38 participants-primarily scientists and public aquarists who work with octopuses-on 25 described species of octopus. The study demonstrates that the likeliness to escape is species specific (p =.001). The study gives husbandry techniques to keep captive octopuses contained. This first interspecific study of octopus escape behavior allows readers to make informed species-specific husbandry choices.
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Affiliation(s)
- James B Wood
- Bermuda Biological Station for Research, St. George's, Bermuda.
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Piertney SB, Hudelot C, Hochberg FG, Collins MA. Phylogenetic relationships among cirrate octopods (Mollusca: Cephalopoda) resolved using mitochondrial 16S ribosomal DNA sequences. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2003; 27:348-53. [PMID: 12695097 DOI: 10.1016/s1055-7903(02)00420-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PHYLOGENETIC RELATIONSHIPS AMONG THE CIRRATE OCTOPODS (MOLLUSCA: Cephalopoda) were investigated using partial sequences of the 16S rRNA mitochondrial gene. The derived phylogeny supports the traditional separation of cirrate families based on web form. Genera with a single web (Opisthoteuthis, Grimpoteuthis, Luteuthis, and Cirroctopus) are clearly distinct from those with an intermediate or secondary web (Cirroteuthis, Cirrothauma, and Stauroteuthis). The cirrates with a single web are separated into three groups. The first group is represented by Opisthoteuthis species, the second by Grimpoteuthis and Luteuthis, and the third by members of the genus Cirroctopus. There is no support for the isolation of Luteuthis in a separate family (Luteuthidae). There is, however, evidence of two groupings within the genus Opisthoteuthis. The data suggest the following revisions in the systematic classification of the cirrates: (1) Cirrothauma, Cirroteuthis, and Stauroteuthis be united in the Cirroteuthidae; (2) Grimpoteuthis and Luteuthis be placed in the Grimpoteuthidae; (3) Opisthoteuthis in the Opisthoteuthidae, and; (4) Cirroctopus be considered sufficiently distinct from both Opisthoteuthidae and Grimpoteuthidae to warrant placement in a new family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stuart B Piertney
- NERC Molecular Genetics in Ecology Initiative, School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, AB24 2TZ, Aberdeen, UK.
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Abstract
Taxonomic accounts of octopodids frequently describe the spermatophore, the penis that releases the spermatophore from the internal organs, and the ligula and calamus that transfer it to a female. To explore relationships among these male features and body size, this study applies principal components analysis to data from 43 species of the family Octopodidae, or benthic octopuses. Covariation in penis and mantle length opposed by covariation in ligula and calamus lengths forms primary shape variation. Secondary shape variation is due to opposing variation between ligula and calamus lengths. Primary shape variation is greatest among shallow-water species. The calami and ligulae of diurnal and crepuscular shallow-water species are short compared to those of nocturnal shallow-water species. Because these structures contain heterogeneous collagen arrays and lack camouflaging chromatophore organs, they are white. Diurnal and crepuscular octopus species may minimize their lengths due to selection imposed by visual predators. Secondary shape variation is greater in deep-sea and high-latitude octopuses. Members of Voss's Eledoninae (except Eledone) and Graneledoninae and two species of Benthoctopus have exceptionally long calami and comparatively short ligulae; these lengths vary among members of the Bathypolypodinae. Variation in spermatophore length is independent of the structures considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janet R Voight
- Department of Zoology, The Field Museum, Chicago, Illinois 60605, USA.
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Sardella NH, Ré ME, Timi JT. Two new Aggregata species (Apicomplexa: Aggregatidae) infecting Octopus tehuelchus and Enteroctopus megalocyathus (Mollusca: Octopodidae) in Patagonia, Argentina. J Parasitol 2000; 86:1107-13. [PMID: 11128488 DOI: 10.1645/0022-3395(2000)086[1107:tnasaa]2.0.co;2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
During a long-term study carried out between 1981 and 1996 on the biological and fishery aspects of octopuses inhabiting the Gulfs of San Matías, San José, and Nuevo, Patagonia, Argentina, 2 new species of Aggregata (Apicomplexa: Aggregatidae) were found in the digestive tracts of Octopus tehuelchus d'Orbigny, 1834 (prevalence 72%) and Enteroctopus megalocyathus (Gould, 1852) (prevalence 77%). Both species can be distinguished from other congeners on the basis of their hosts, the diameters of sporocysts, and number and length of sporozoites. Despite overlap in the distributions of the two hosts species in the area covered in this study, both Aggregata new species exhibited high host specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- N H Sardella
- Laboratorio de Parasitología, Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Argentina
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Suzuki T, Fukuta H, Nagato H, Umekawa M. Arginine kinase from Nautilus pompilius, a living fossil. Site-directed mutagenesis studies on the role of amino acid residues in the Guanidino specificity region. J Biol Chem 2000; 275:23884-90. [PMID: 10811656 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m002926200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Arginine kinases were isolated from the cephalopods Nautilus pompilius, Octopus vulgaris, and Sepioteuthis lessoniana, and the cDNA-derived amino acid sequences have been determined. Although the origin and evolution of cephalopods have long been obscure, this work provides the first molecular evidence for the phylogenetic position of Cephalopoda in molluscan evolution. A crystal structure for Limulus arginine kinase showed that four amino acid residues (Ser(63), Gly(64), Val(65), and Tyr(68)) are hydrogen-bonded with the substrate arginine. We introduced three independent mutations, Ser(63) --> Gly, Ser(63) --> Thr, and Tyr(68) --> Ser, in Nautilus arginine kinase. One of the mutants had a considerably reduced substrate affinity, accompanied by a decreased V(max). In other mutants, the activity was lost almost completely. It is known that substantial conformational changes take place upon substrate binding in arginine kinase. We hypothesize that the hydrogen bond between Asp(62) and Arg(193) stabilizes the closed, substrate-bound state. Site-directed mutagenesis studies strongly support this hypothesis. The mutant (Asp(62) --> Gly or Arg(193) --> Gly), which destabilizes the maintenance of the closed state and/or perhaps disrupts the unique topology of the catalytic pocket, showed only a very weak activity (0.6-1.5% to the wild-type).
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Affiliation(s)
- T Suzuki
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Kochi University, Kochi 780-8520, Japan.
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Abstract
The biotoxicology of the Australian blue-ringed octopus is detailed with the view of introducing it as a remedy into the homoeopathic Materia Medica and stimulating the second step of proving this venom.
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Abstract
Hemocyanins, the respiratory molecules of cephalopod mollusks, are hollow cylinders with five internal arches. Three hemocyanins representative of three orders of cephalopods (Benthoctopus species, Octopoda; Vampyroteuthis infernalis, Vampyromorpha; Sepia officinalis, Sepioidea) were subjected to cryoelectron microscopy and three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction. The structure of Benthoctopus hemocyanin, solved at 26.4-A resolution, possesses arches comprising two identical functional units. The similarity between these functional units and the structure recently observed in X-ray crystallography for Octopus by Cuff et al. (J. Mol. Biol., 1998, 232, 522-529) allows the identification of their N- and C-terminal domains in the 3D reconstruction volume. Conversely, arches present in the 3D reconstruction volume of Sepia hemocyanin (21.8 A resolution) contain four functional units that are disposed differently. The strong resemblance between the reconstruction volumes of Vampyroteuthis (21.4-A resolution) and Benthoctopus hemocyanins suggests that Sepioidea diverged from a group containing Octopoda and Vampyromorpha.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Mouche
- Laboratoire des Protéines Complexes, Université François Rabelais, Campus Médecine, 2 bis Boulevard Tonnellé, Tours Cedex, F-37032, France
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