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Wang HW, Sun K, Guan YX, Qiu MH, Zhang L, Dai CC. Fungal endophyte Phomopsis liquidambari biodegrades soil resveratrol: a potential allelochemical in peanut monocropping systems. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2019; 99:5899-5909. [PMID: 31225657 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.9865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Revised: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Most allelochemicals are secondary products released from root excretions or plant residues that accumulate in continuous cropping systems and cause severe decline in peanut yield. Resveratrol is a plant-derived stilbene that is released from peanut residues and accumulates in the soil; however, its allelopathic effects on peanut production are overlooked. Effective management solutions need to be developed to relieve allelopathy caused by soil resveratrol. Here, the biodegradation of resveratrol by the fungal endophyte Phomopsis liquidambari was investigated in a mineral salt medium and a soil trial. Resveratrol and its metabolites (produced by degradation by P. liquidambari) were detected by high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS). RESULTS Resveratrol released from peanut residues reached a maximum concentration of 0.18 μg g-1 soil in litterbag experiments. Exogenous resveratrol inhibited peanut growth, nodule formation, and soil dehydrogenase activity, and reduced the soil microbial biomass carbon content and bacterial abundance, indicating an allelopathic role in peanut growth. More than 97% of the resveratrol was degraded within 72 and 168 h by P. liquidambari in pure culture and soil conditions, respectively. Resveratrol was first cleaved to 3,5-dihydroxybenzaldehyde and 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde, which were subsequently oxidized into 3,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid and 4-hydroxybenzoic acid, respectively. Fungal resveratrol cleavage oxygenase and the related gene expression were enhanced when P. liquidambari was induced by the resveratrol during the incubation. CONCLUSION Our results indicate that the practical application of the fungal endophyte P. liquidambari has strong potential for biodegrading soil resveratrol, which can cause allelopathy in peanut continuous cropping systems. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Wei Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Microbes and Functional Genomics, Jiangsu Engineering and Technology Research Center for Industrialization of Microbial Resources, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Kai Sun
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Microbes and Functional Genomics, Jiangsu Engineering and Technology Research Center for Industrialization of Microbial Resources, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yong-Xiang Guan
- Soil Quality Protection and Environmental Monitoring Station of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, China
| | - Mei-Hua Qiu
- Soil Quality Protection and Environmental Monitoring Station of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Soil Quality Protection and Environmental Monitoring Station of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, China
| | - Chuan-Chao Dai
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Microbes and Functional Genomics, Jiangsu Engineering and Technology Research Center for Industrialization of Microbial Resources, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
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Kappaun K, Piovesan AR, Carlini CR, Ligabue-Braun R. Ureases: Historical aspects, catalytic, and non-catalytic properties - A review. J Adv Res 2018; 13:3-17. [PMID: 30094078 PMCID: PMC6077230 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2018.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Revised: 05/22/2018] [Accepted: 05/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Urease (urea amidohydrolase, EC 3.5.1.5) is a nickel-containing enzyme produced by plants, fungi, and bacteria that catalyzes the hydrolysis of urea into ammonia and carbamate. Urease is of historical importance in Biochemistry as it was the first enzyme ever to be crystallized (1926). Finding nickel in urease's active site (1975) was the first indication of a biological role for this metal. In this review, historical and structural features, kinetics aspects, activation of the metallocenter and inhibitors of the urea hydrolyzing activity of ureases are discussed. The review also deals with the non-enzymatic biological properties, whose discovery 40 years ago started a new chapter in the study of ureases. Well recognized as virulence factors due to the production of ammonia and alkalinization in diseases by urease-positive microorganisms, ureases have pro-inflammatory, endocytosis-inducing and neurotoxic activities that do not require ureolysis. Particularly relevant in plants, ureases exert insecticidal and fungitoxic effects. Data on the jack bean urease and on jaburetox, a recombinant urease-derived peptide, have indicated that interactions with cell membrane lipids may be the basis of the non-enzymatic biological properties of ureases. Altogether, with this review we wanted to invite the readers to take a second look at ureases, very versatile proteins that happen also to catalyze the breakdown of urea into ammonia and carbamate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karine Kappaun
- Brain Institute (InsCer), Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Avenida Ipiranga 6690, Prédio 63, Porto Alegre, RS CEP 90610-000, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Medicine and Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Angela Regina Piovesan
- Brain Institute (InsCer), Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Avenida Ipiranga 6690, Prédio 63, Porto Alegre, RS CEP 90610-000, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology, Center of Biotechnology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Celia Regina Carlini
- Brain Institute (InsCer), Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Avenida Ipiranga 6690, Prédio 63, Porto Alegre, RS CEP 90610-000, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Medicine and Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Ligabue-Braun
- Graduate Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology, Center of Biotechnology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
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Wiebke-Strohm B, Ligabue-Braun R, Rechenmacher C, De Oliveira-Busatto LA, Carlini CR, Bodanese-Zanettini MH. Structural and transcriptional characterization of a novel member of the soybean urease gene family. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2016; 101:96-104. [PMID: 26874294 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2016.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2015] [Revised: 01/28/2016] [Accepted: 01/28/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
In plants, ureases have been related to urea degradation, to defense against pathogenic fungi and phytophagous insects, and to the soybean-Bradyrhizobium japonicum symbiosis. Two urease isoforms have been described for soybean: the embryo-specific, encoded by Eu1 gene, and the ubiquitous urease, encoded by Eu4. A third urease-encoding locus exists in the completed soybean genome. The gene was designated Eu5 and the putative product of its ORF as SBU-III. Phylogenetic analysis shows that 41 plant, moss and algal ureases have diverged from a common ancestor protein, but ureases from monocots, eudicots and ancient species have evolved independently. Genomes of ancient organisms present a single urease-encoding gene and urease-encoding gene duplication has occurred independently along the evolution of some eudicot species. SBU-III has a shorter amino acid sequence, since many gaps are found when compared to other sequences. A mutation in a highly conserved amino acid residue suggests absence of ureolytic activity, but the overall protein architecture remains very similar to the other ureases. The expression profile of urease-encoding genes in different organs and developmental stages was determined by RT-qPCR. Eu5 transcripts were detected in seeds one day after dormancy break, roots of young plants and embryos of developing seeds. Eu1 and Eu4 transcripts were found in all analyzed organs, but Eu4 expression was more prominent in seeds one day after dormancy break whereas Eu1 predominated in developing seeds. The evidence suggests that SBU-III may not be involved in nitrogen availability to plants, but it could be involved in other biological role(s).
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Wiebke-Strohm
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética e Biologia Molecular, Departamento de Genética, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), 91501-970, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
| | - Rodrigo Ligabue-Braun
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular, Centro de Biotecnologia, UFRGS, 91501-970, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
| | - Ciliana Rechenmacher
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética e Biologia Molecular, Departamento de Genética, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), 91501-970, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
| | - Luisa Abruzzi De Oliveira-Busatto
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética e Biologia Molecular, Departamento de Genética, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), 91501-970, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
| | - Célia Regina Carlini
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular, Centro de Biotecnologia, UFRGS, 91501-970, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Instituto do Cérebro, Pontifícia Universidade do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Av. Ipiranga 6690, 90610-000, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
| | - Maria Helena Bodanese-Zanettini
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética e Biologia Molecular, Departamento de Genética, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), 91501-970, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
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Jiang XY, Sheng LQ, Song CF, Du NN, Xu HJ, Liu ZD, Chen SS. Mechanism, kinetics, and antimicrobial activities of 2-hydroxy-1-naphthaldehyde semicarbazone as a new Jack bean urease inhibitor. NEW J CHEM 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5nj01601k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A new inhibitor of jack bean urease, 2-hydroxy-1-naphthaldehyde semicarbazone, was synthesized and employed to investigate the inhibitory mechanism of HNDSC on jack bean urease by kinetic and fluorescence titration assay, and its antibacterial activities were also investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Yue Jiang
- School of Chemistry and Material Engineering
- Fuyang Normal College
- Fuyang
- China
| | - Liang-Quan Sheng
- School of Chemistry and Material Engineering
- Fuyang Normal College
- Fuyang
- China
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
| | - Chong-Fu Song
- School of Chemistry and Material Engineering
- Fuyang Normal College
- Fuyang
- China
| | - Na-Na Du
- School of Chemistry and Material Engineering
- Fuyang Normal College
- Fuyang
- China
| | - Hua-Jie Xu
- School of Chemistry and Material Engineering
- Fuyang Normal College
- Fuyang
- China
| | - Zhao-Di Liu
- School of Chemistry and Material Engineering
- Fuyang Normal College
- Fuyang
- China
| | - Shui-Sheng Chen
- School of Chemistry and Material Engineering
- Fuyang Normal College
- Fuyang
- China
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Zhang W, Wang HW, Wang XX, Xie XG, Siddikee MA, Xu RS, Dai CC. Enhanced nodulation of peanut when co-inoculated with fungal endophyte Phomopsis liquidambari and bradyrhizobium. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2016; 98:1-11. [PMID: 26584395 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2015.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2015] [Revised: 10/27/2015] [Accepted: 11/01/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
In peanut continuous cropping soil, the application of fungal endophyte Phomopsis liquidambari B3 showed peanut pod yield promotion and root nodule number increase. P. liquidambari improved soil environment by degrading allelochemicals and thus promoted peanut pod yield. Furthermore, peanut yield promotion is in part due to the root nodule increase since nodular nitrogen fixation provides the largest source of nitrogen for peanut. However, it is unknown whether this nodule number increase is induced by fungal endophyte. We therefore conducted several pot experiments using vermiculite to investigate the effects of P. liquidambari on peanut-bradyrhizobium nodulation. Our results showed that P. liquidambari co-inoculated with bradyrhizobium increased root nodule number and shoot accumulated nitrogen by 28.25% and 29.71%, respectively. Nodulation dynamics analysis showed that P. liquidambari accelerated nodule initiation and subsequent nodule development. Meanwhile, P. liquidambari was able to colonize the peanut root as an endophyte. The dynamics of P. liquidambari and bradyrhizobial root colonization analysis showed that P. liquidambari inoculation significantly increased the rate of bradyrhizobial colonization. Furthermore, P. liquidambari inoculation significantly increased flavonoids synthesis-related enzymes activities, two common types of flavonoid (luteolin and quercetin-peanut rhizobial nod gene inducer) secretion and lateral root (peanut rhizobial infection site) formation, indicating that P. liquidambari altered the peanut nodulation-related physiological and metabolic activities. These obtained results confirmed the direct contribution of P. liquidambari in enhancing peanut-bradyrhizobium interaction, nodulation and yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Microbes and Functional Genomics, Jiangsu Engineering and Technology Research Center for Industrialization of Microbial Resources, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Hong-Wei Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Microbes and Functional Genomics, Jiangsu Engineering and Technology Research Center for Industrialization of Microbial Resources, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xing-Xiang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Jiangsu Province, China; Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Ecological Research of Red Soil, Experimental Station of Red Soil, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Xing-Guang Xie
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Microbes and Functional Genomics, Jiangsu Engineering and Technology Research Center for Industrialization of Microbial Resources, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Md Ashaduzzaman Siddikee
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Microbes and Functional Genomics, Jiangsu Engineering and Technology Research Center for Industrialization of Microbial Resources, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Ri-Sheng Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Microbes and Functional Genomics, Jiangsu Engineering and Technology Research Center for Industrialization of Microbial Resources, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Chuan-Chao Dai
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Microbes and Functional Genomics, Jiangsu Engineering and Technology Research Center for Industrialization of Microbial Resources, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Jiangsu Province, China.
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Carlini CR, Ligabue-Braun R. Ureases as multifunctional toxic proteins: A review. Toxicon 2015; 110:90-109. [PMID: 26690979 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2015.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2015] [Revised: 11/09/2015] [Accepted: 11/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Ureases are metalloenzymes that hydrolyze urea into ammonia and carbon dioxide. They were the first enzymes to be crystallized and, with them, the notion that enzymes are proteins became accepted. Novel toxic properties of ureases that are independent of their enzyme activity have been discovered in the last three decades. Since our first description of the neurotoxic properties of canatoxin, an isoform of the jack bean urease, which appeared in Toxicon in 1981, about one hundred articles have been published on "new" properties of plant and microbial ureases. Here we review the present knowledge on the non-enzymatic properties of ureases. Plant ureases and microbial ureases are fungitoxic to filamentous fungi and yeasts by a mechanism involving fungal membrane permeabilization. Plant and at least some bacterial ureases have potent insecticidal effects. This entomotoxicity relies partly on an internal peptide released upon proteolysis of ingested urease by insect digestive enzymes. The intact protein and its derived peptide(s) are neurotoxic to insects and affect a number of other physiological functions, such as diuresis, muscle contraction and immunity. In mammal models some ureases are acutely neurotoxic upon injection, at least partially by enzyme-independent effects. For a long time bacterial ureases have been recognized as important virulence factors of diseases by urease-producing microorganisms. Ureases activate exocytosis in different mammalian cells recruiting eicosanoids and Ca(2+)-dependent pathways, even when their ureolytic activity is blocked by an irreversible inhibitor. Ureases are chemotactic factors recognized by neutrophils (and some bacteria), activating them and also platelets into a pro-inflammatory "status". Secretion-induction by ureases may play a role in fungal and bacterial diseases in humans and other animals. The now recognized "moonlighting" properties of these proteins have renewed interest in ureases for their biotechnological potential to improve plant defense against pests and as potential targets to ameliorate diseases due to pathogenic urease-producing microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celia R Carlini
- Brain Institute (Instituto do Cérebro-INSCER), Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Center of Biotechnology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
| | - Rodrigo Ligabue-Braun
- Center of Biotechnology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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Oh M, Nanjo Y, Komatsu S. Gel-free proteomic analysis of soybean root proteins affected by calcium under flooding stress. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2014; 5:559. [PMID: 25368623 PMCID: PMC4202786 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2014.00559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2014] [Accepted: 09/29/2014] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Soybean is sensitive to flooding stress and exhibits reduced growth under flooding conditions. To better understand the flooding-responsive mechanisms of soybean, the effect of exogenous calcium on flooding-stressed soybeans was analyzed using proteomic technique. An increase in exogenous calcium levels enhanced soybean root elongation and suppressed the cell death of root tip under flooding stress. Proteins were extracted from the roots of 4-day-old soybean seedlings exposed to flooding stress without or with calcium for 2 days and analyzed using gel-free proteomic technique. Proteins involved in protein degradation/synthesis/posttranslational modification, hormone/cell wall metabolisms, and DNA synthesis were decreased by flooding stress; however, their reductions were recovered by calcium treatment. Development, lipid metabolism, and signaling-related proteins were increased in soybean roots when calcium was supplied under flooding stress. Fermentation and glycolysis-related proteins were increased in response to flooding; however, these proteins were not affected by calcium supplementation. Furthermore, urease and copper chaperone proteins exhibited similar profiles in 4-day-old untreated soybeans and 4-day-old soybeans exposed to flooding for 2 days in the presence of calcium. These results suggest that calcium might affect the cell wall/hormone metabolisms, protein degradation/synthesis, and DNA synthesis in soybean roots under flooding stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- MyeongWon Oh
- Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of TsukubaTsukuba, Japan
- National Institute of Crop Science, National Agriculture and Food Research OrganizationTsukuba, Japan
| | - Yohei Nanjo
- National Institute of Crop Science, National Agriculture and Food Research OrganizationTsukuba, Japan
| | - Setsuko Komatsu
- Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of TsukubaTsukuba, Japan
- National Institute of Crop Science, National Agriculture and Food Research OrganizationTsukuba, Japan
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