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Mahmutović L, Sezer A, Bilajac E, Hromić-Jahjefendić A, Uversky VN, Glamočlija U. Polyphenol stability and bioavailability in cell culture medium: Challenges, limitations and future directions. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 279:135232. [PMID: 39218177 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.135232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2024] [Accepted: 08/29/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Polyphenols are abundant natural plant micronutrients that commonly contribute to human health due to their anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antiviral, anti-carcinogenic, anti-aging, anti-allergic, and other biological activities. Their therapeutic benefits mainly depend on the structure, stability, chemical interactions, and absorption, which ultimately affect the bioavailability of these compounds. The bioactivity of polyphenols is evaluated by in vitro and in vivo studies, sometimes yielding inconsistent results due to numerous differences between used models. Among the main differences is the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in cultured cell models, potentially leading to misinterpretation of the effects of polyphenolic compounds. Little attention is paid to the polyphenol stability in cell culture medium and the potential generation of artifacts due to their chemical instability. Stability tests of polyphenols are strongly advised to be performed in parallel with cell culture, to help avoid misleading conclusions. This review highlights the existing challenges with cell-based research, focusing on polyphenols' stability in the cell culture media. We also emphasize that new methods analyzing the molecular interactions of compounds with cell culture media supplements are essential to provide a comprehensive understanding of the polyphenols in in vitro models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lejla Mahmutović
- Department of Genetics and Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, International University of Sarajevo, Hrasnička cesta 15, 71000 Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina.
| | - Abas Sezer
- Department of Genetics and Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, International University of Sarajevo, Hrasnička cesta 15, 71000 Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina.
| | - Esma Bilajac
- Department of Genetics and Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, International University of Sarajevo, Hrasnička cesta 15, 71000 Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Altijana Hromić-Jahjefendić
- Department of Genetics and Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, International University of Sarajevo, Hrasnička cesta 15, 71000 Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina.
| | - Vladimir N Uversky
- Department of Molecular Medicine and USF Health Byrd Alzheimer's Institute, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA.
| | - Una Glamočlija
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, University of Sarajevo - Faculty of Pharmacy, Zmaja od Bosne 8, 71000 Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina; Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, University of Mostar, Zrinskog Frankopana 34, 88000 Mostar, Bosnia and Herzegovina; Scientific Research Unit, Bosnalijek JSC, Jukićeva 53, Sarajevo 71000, Bosnia and Herzegovina.
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Ren J, Jackson K, Barton CD, Huang Y, Zhan J. Enhancing the physicochemical properties and bioactivities of 2'-hydroxyflavanone through fungal biotransformation. J Biosci Bioeng 2024; 138:144-152. [PMID: 38858130 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2024.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2024] [Revised: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
Flavonoids comprise a group of natural compounds with diverse bioactivities; however, their low water solubility and limited bioavailability often impede their potential health benefits for humans. In this study, five derivatives, namely 2',5'-dihydroxyflavanone (1), 2'-dihydroxyflavanone-5'-O-4″-O-methyl-β-d-glucoside (2), 2'-dihydroxyflavanone-6-O-4″-O-methyl-β-d-glucoside (3), 2'-dihydroxyflavanone-3'-O-4″-O-methyl-β-d-glucoside (4) and hydroxyflavanone-2'-O-4″-O-methyl-β-d-glucoside (5), were biosynthesized from 2'-hydroxyflavanone through microbial transformation using Beauveria bassiana ATCC 7159. Product 1 was identified as a known compound while 2-5 were structurally characterized as new structures through extensive 1D and 2D NMR analysis. The water solubility of biotransformed products 1-5 was enhanced by 30-280 times compared to the substrate 2'-hydroxyflavanone. Moreover, the antioxidant assay revealed that 1 and 2 exhibited improved 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity relative to the substrate, decreasing the logIC50 from 8.08 ± 0.11 μM to 6.19 ± 0.08 μM and 7.15 ± 0.08 μM, respectively. Compound 5 displayed significantly improved anticancer activity compared to the substrate 2'-hydroxyflavanone against Glioblastoma 33 cancer stem cells, decreasing the IC50 from 25.05 μM to 10.59 μM. Overall, fungal biotransformation represents an effective tool to modify flavonoids for enhanced water solubility and bioactivities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Ren
- Department of Biological Engineering, Utah State University, 4105 Old Main Hill, Logan, UT 84322-4105, USA
| | - Kyle Jackson
- Department of Biological Engineering, Utah State University, 4105 Old Main Hill, Logan, UT 84322-4105, USA
| | - Caleb Don Barton
- Department of Biological Engineering, Utah State University, 4105 Old Main Hill, Logan, UT 84322-4105, USA
| | - Yu Huang
- Department of Biological Engineering, Utah State University, 4105 Old Main Hill, Logan, UT 84322-4105, USA
| | - Jixun Zhan
- Department of Biological Engineering, Utah State University, 4105 Old Main Hill, Logan, UT 84322-4105, USA.
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3
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Schnarr L, Olsson O, Kümmerer K. Biodegradation of flavonoids - Influences of structural features. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 359:142234. [PMID: 38705418 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.142234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
Flavonoids, a class of natural products with a variety of applications in nutrition, pharmacy and as biopesticides, could substitute more harmful synthetic chemicals that persist in the environment. To gain a better understanding of the biodegradability of flavonoids and the influence of structural features, firstly, the ultimate biodegradation of 19 flavonoids was investigated with the Closed Bottle Test according to the OECD guideline 301 D. Secondly, regarding the fast abiotic degradation reported for several flavonoids with severe concentration decrease within hours and its possible impacts on the processes behind the ultimate biodegradation, primary degradation of 4 selected flavonoids was compared at conditions representing biodegradation, abiotic degradation, and mixed substrates by monitoring the flavonoids' concentrations with HPLC-UV/vis. Our results showed that 17 out of the 19 tested flavonoids were readily biodegradable. Structural features like a hydroxy group at C3, the C2-C3 bond order, a methoxy group in the B ring, and the position of the B ring in regard to the chromene core did not affect biodegradation of the tested flavonoids. Only flavone without any hydroxy groups and morin with an uncommon 2',4' pattern of hydroxy groups were non-readily biodegradable. Monitoring the concentration of 4 selected flavonoids by HPLC-UV/vis revealed that biodegradation occurred faster than abiotic degradation at CBT conditions with no other carbon sources present. The presence of an alternative carbon source tends to increase lag phases and decrease biodegradation rates. At this condition, abiotic degradation contributed to the degradation of unstable flavonoids. Overall, as a first tier to assess the environmental fate, our results indicate low risks for persistence of most flavonoids. Thus, flavonoids could represent benign substitutes for persistent synthetic chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena Schnarr
- Institute of Sustainable Chemistry, Leuphana University Lüneburg, Universitätsallee 1, 21335, Lüneburg, Germany.
| | - Oliver Olsson
- Institute of Sustainable Chemistry, Leuphana University Lüneburg, Universitätsallee 1, 21335, Lüneburg, Germany.
| | - Klaus Kümmerer
- Institute of Sustainable Chemistry, Leuphana University Lüneburg, Universitätsallee 1, 21335, Lüneburg, Germany; Research and Education, International Sustainable Chemistry Collaborative Centre (ISC3), Universitätsallee 1, 21335, Lüneburg, Germany.
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4
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Martemucci G, Khalil M, Di Luca A, Abdallah H, D’Alessandro AG. Comprehensive Strategies for Metabolic Syndrome: How Nutrition, Dietary Polyphenols, Physical Activity, and Lifestyle Modifications Address Diabesity, Cardiovascular Diseases, and Neurodegenerative Conditions. Metabolites 2024; 14:327. [PMID: 38921462 PMCID: PMC11206163 DOI: 10.3390/metabo14060327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2024] [Revised: 06/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Several hallmarks of metabolic syndrome, such as dysregulation in the glucose and lipid metabolism, endothelial dysfunction, insulin resistance, low-to-medium systemic inflammation, and intestinal microbiota dysbiosis, represent a pathological bridge between metabolic syndrome and diabesity, cardiovascular, and neurodegenerative disorders. This review aims to highlight some therapeutic strategies against metabolic syndrome involving integrative approaches to improve lifestyle and daily diet. The beneficial effects of foods containing antioxidant polyphenols, intestinal microbiota control, and physical activity were also considered. We comprehensively examined a large body of published articles involving basic, animal, and human studie, as well as recent guidelines. As a result, dietary polyphenols from natural plant-based antioxidants and adherence to the Mediterranean diet, along with physical exercise, are promising complementary therapies to delay or prevent the onset of metabolic syndrome and counteract diabesity and cardiovascular diseases, as well as to protect against neurodegenerative disorders and cognitive decline. Modulation of the intestinal microbiota reduces the risks associated with MS, improves diabetes and cardiovascular diseases (CVD), and exerts neuroprotective action. Despite several studies, the estimation of dietary polyphenol intake is inconclusive and requires further evidence. Lifestyle interventions involving physical activity and reduced calorie intake can improve metabolic outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mohamad Khalil
- Clinica Medica “A. Murri”, Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area (DiMePre-J), University of Bari Medical School, 70121 Bari, Italy;
| | - Alessio Di Luca
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70126 Bari, Italy; (A.D.L.); (A.G.D.)
| | - Hala Abdallah
- Clinica Medica “A. Murri”, Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area (DiMePre-J), University of Bari Medical School, 70121 Bari, Italy;
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Bayer J, Högger P. Review of the pharmacokinetics of French maritime pine bark extract (Pycnogenol ®) in humans. Front Nutr 2024; 11:1389422. [PMID: 38757126 PMCID: PMC11096517 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1389422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
The French maritime pine bark extract Pycnogenol® is a proprietary product from Pinus pinaster Aiton. It complies with the quality specifications in the United States Pharmacopeia monograph "Pine extract" in the section of dietary supplements. Pycnogenol® is standardized to contain 65-75% procyanidins which are a variety of biopolymers consisting of catechin and epicatechin monomeric units. The effects of Pycnogenol® have been researched in a multitude of human studies. The basis for any in vivo activity is the bioavailability of constituents and metabolites of the extract. General principles of compound absorption, distribution, metabolism and elimination as well as specific data from studies with Pycnogenol® are summarized and discussed in this review. Based on plasma concentration profiles it can be concluded that low molecular weight constituents of the extract, such as catechin, caffeic and ferulic acid, taxifolin are readily absorbed from the small intestine into systemic circulation. Procyanidin oligomers and polymers are subjected to gut microbial degradation in the large intestine yielding small bioavailable metabolites such as 5-(3',4'-dihydroxyphenyl)-γ-valerolactone. After intake of Pycnogenol®, constituents and metabolites have been also detected in blood cells, synovial fluid and saliva indicating a substantial distribution in compartments other than serum. In studies simultaneously investigating concentrations in different specimen, a preferential distribution of individual compounds has been observed, e.g., of ferulic acid and 5-(3',4'-dihydroxyphenyl)-γ-valerolactone into synovial fluid compared to serum. The main route of elimination of constituents and metabolites of the French pine bark extract is the renal excretion. The broad knowledge accumulated regarding the pharmacokinetics of compounds and metabolites of Pycnogenol® constitute a rational basis for effects characterized on a cellular level and observed in human clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Petra Högger
- Institut für Pharmazie und Lebensmittelchemie, Universität Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
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Mai TD, Kim HM, Park SY, Ma SH, Do JH, Choi W, Jang HM, Hwang HB, Song EG, Shim JS, Joung YH. Metabolism of phenolic compounds catalyzed by Tomato CYP736A61. Enzyme Microb Technol 2024; 176:110425. [PMID: 38479200 DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2024.110425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/02/2024] [Indexed: 03/24/2024]
Abstract
Cytochrome P450s (CYPs) regulate plant growth and stress responses by producing diverse primary and secondary metabolites. However, the function of many plant CYPs remains unknown because, despite their structural similarity, predicting the enzymatic activity of CYPs is difficult. In this study, one member of the CYP736A subfamily (CYP736A61) from tomatoes was isolated and characterized its enzymatic functions. CYP736A61 was successfully expressed in Escherichia coli through co-expression with molecular chaperones. The purified CYP736A61 showed hydroxylation activity toward 7-ethoxycoumarin, producing 7-hydroxycoumarin or 3-hydroxy 7-ethoxycoumarin. Further substrate screening revealed that dihydrochalcone and stilbene derivates (resveratrol and polydatin) are the substrates of CYP736A61. CYP736A61 also mediated the hydroxylation of resveratrol and polydatin, albeit with low activity. Importantly, CYP736A61 mediated the cleavage of resveratrol and polydatin as well as pinostilbene and pterostilbene. Interestingly, CY736A61 also converted phloretin to naringenin chalcone. These results suggest that CYP736A61 is a novel CYP enzyme with stilbene cleavage activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thanh Dat Mai
- School of Biological Sciences and Technology, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbong-ro, Buk-ku, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Min Kim
- School of Biological Sciences and Technology, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbong-ro, Buk-ku, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Seo Young Park
- School of Biological Sciences and Technology, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbong-ro, Buk-ku, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Hoon Ma
- School of Biological Sciences and Technology, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbong-ro, Buk-ku, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju Hui Do
- School of Biological Sciences and Technology, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbong-ro, Buk-ku, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Choi
- School of Biological Sciences and Technology, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbong-ro, Buk-ku, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Min Jang
- School of Biological Sciences and Technology, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbong-ro, Buk-ku, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeon Bae Hwang
- School of Biological Sciences and Technology, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbong-ro, Buk-ku, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Gyeong Song
- School of Biological Sciences and Technology, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbong-ro, Buk-ku, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Sung Shim
- School of Biological Sciences and Technology, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbong-ro, Buk-ku, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea; Institute of Synthetic Biology for Carbon Neutralization, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbong-ro, Buk-ku, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea.
| | - Young Hee Joung
- School of Biological Sciences and Technology, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbong-ro, Buk-ku, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea.
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Ang B, Yang T, Wang Z, Cheng Y, Chen Q, Wang Z, Zeng M, Chen J, He Z. In Vitro Comparative Analysis of the Effect and Structure-Based Influencing Factors of Flavonols on Lipid Accumulation. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:8237-8246. [PMID: 38530935 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.4c02159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
Flavonols represented by quercetin have been widely reported to have biological activities of regulating lipid metabolism. However, the differences in flavonols with different structures in lipid-lowering activity and the influencing factors remain unclear. In this study, the stability, transmembrane uptake ratio, and lipid metabolism regulation activities of 12 flavonol compounds in the 3T3-L1 cell model were systematically compared. The results showed that kaempferide had the highest cellular uptake ratio and the most potent inhibitory effect on adipogenesis at a dosing concentration of 20 μM, followed by isorhamnetin and kaempferol. They inhibited TG accumulation by more than 65% and downregulated the expression of PPARγ and SREBP1c by more than 60%. The other four aglycones, including quercetin, did not exhibit significant activity due to the structural instability in the cell culture medium. Meanwhile, five quercetin glucosides were quite stable but showed a low uptake ratio that no obvious activity was observed. Correlation analysis also showed that for 11 compounds except galangin, the activity was positively correlated with the cellular uptake ratio (p < 0.05, r = 0.6349). These findings may provide a valuable idea and insight for exploring the structure-based activity of flavonoids at the cellular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beijun Ang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resource, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Tian Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resource, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Zhenyu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resource, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Yong Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resource, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Qiuming Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resource, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Zhaojun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resource, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Maomao Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resource, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Jie Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resource, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Zhiyong He
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resource, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
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Mukai R, Okuyama H, Uchimura M, Sakao K, Matsuhiro M, Ikeda-Imafuku M, Ishima Y, Nishikawa M, Ikushiro S, Tai A. The binding selectivity of quercetin and its structure-related polyphenols to human serum albumin using a fluorescent dye cocktail for multiplex drug-site mapping. Bioorg Chem 2024; 145:107184. [PMID: 38364549 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2024.107184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
Human serum albumin (HSA) is a serum protein that carries flavonoids in blood circulation. In this report, the binding selectivity and strength of interactions to HSA-binding sites (sites I or II) by flavonoids were evaluated using competition experiments and the specific fluorescent dyes, dansylamide and BD140. Most tested flavonoids bound site I preferentially, with the binding strength dependent on the mother structure in the order flavonol > flavone > flavanone > flavan 3-ols. Glycosylation or glucuronidation reduced the binding of quercetin to site I of HSA, whereas sulfation increased binding. Quercetin 7-sulfate showed the strongest binding and molecular docking simulations supported this observation. Prenylation at any position or glucuronidation and sulfation at the C-4' or C-7 position of quercetin facilitated stronger binding to site II. The binding affinity of flavonoids toward site I correlated with the partition coefficient value (logP), whereas no corresponding correlation was observed for site II.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rie Mukai
- Department of Food Science, Graduate School of Technology, Industrial and Social Sciences, Tokushima University, 2-1, Minamijosan-jima, Tokushima 770-8513, Japan.
| | - Hitomi Okuyama
- Department of Food Science, Graduate School of Technology, Industrial and Social Sciences, Tokushima University, 2-1, Minamijosan-jima, Tokushima 770-8513, Japan
| | - Miku Uchimura
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kagoshima University, 1-21-24, Korimoto, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan.
| | - Kozue Sakao
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kagoshima University, 1-21-24, Korimoto, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan.
| | - Miyu Matsuhiro
- Department of Food Science, Graduate School of Technology, Industrial and Social Sciences, Tokushima University, 2-1, Minamijosan-jima, Tokushima 770-8513, Japan.
| | - Mayumi Ikeda-Imafuku
- Department of Physical Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wakayama Medical University, 25-1 Shichiban-cho, Wakayama 640-8156, Japan.
| | - Yu Ishima
- Laboratory of Biopharmaceutics, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, 5 Nakauchi-cho, Misasagi, Yamashina-ku, Kyoto 607-8414, Japan.
| | - Miyu Nishikawa
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Engineering, Toyama Prefectural University, 5180 Kurokawa, Imizu, Toyama 939-0398, Japan.
| | - Shinichi Ikushiro
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Engineering, Toyama Prefectural University, 5180 Kurokawa, Imizu, Toyama 939-0398, Japan.
| | - Akihiro Tai
- Department of Food Science, Graduate School of Technology, Industrial and Social Sciences, Tokushima University, 2-1, Minamijosan-jima, Tokushima 770-8513, Japan.
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Yang YD, Lu N, Tian R. Serum albumin acted as an effective carrier to improve the stability of bioactive flavonoid. Amino Acids 2023; 55:1879-1890. [PMID: 37856004 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-023-03347-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
The health-improving functions of bioactive flavonoids in vitro and in vivo are often limited by their low stability, which could be counteracted by the application of proteins as carriers of flavonoids. Clarification of the mechanism of protein-ligand interaction is crucial for the encapsulation of bioactive components. Herein, common plasma proteins [i.e., bovine serum albumin (BSA), human serum albumin (HSA), human immunoglobulin G (IgG) and fibrinogen (FG)] were compared for their binding characteristics to quercetin, the main component of flavonoids in human diet, in the absence and presence of free Cu2+ (an accelerator for flavonoids' instability) using multi-spectroscopic and computational methods. As a flexible open structure of proteins, both BSA and HSA were found to be the most promising carriers for quercetin and Cu2+ with an affinity on the order of 104 M-1. HSA-diligand complex (i.e., HSA-quercetin-Cu2+) was successfully generated when both quercetin and Cu2+ were added to the HSA solution. The stability and free radical scavenging activity of bioactive quercetin during incubation was promoted in the HSA-diligand complex relative to quercetin-Cu2+ complex. Quercetin/Cu2+ system could induce the formation of reactive oxygen species such as hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and hydroxide radical (·OH), which were significantly suppressed upon HSA binding. Consistently, the cytotoxicity of the quercetin/Cu2+ system to endothelial cells was reduced in the HSA-diligand complex. These results demonstrate the possibility of developing serum albumin-based carriers for the protection of bioactive flavonoids in their nutritional application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Di Yang
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, China
| | - Naihao Lu
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, China
| | - Rong Tian
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, China.
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Xu QT, Zhang WX, Xu HX, Zhang QF. Fabrication of Luteolin Loaded Zein-Caseinate Nanoparticles and its Bioavailability Enhancement in Rats. J Pharm Sci 2023; 112:3056-3066. [PMID: 37356712 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2023.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 06/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023]
Abstract
Luteolin loaded zein nanoparticles (Lut-ZNP) were prepared by using sodium caseinate as an electrostatic stabilizer. The formulation of the nanoparticles was optimized. Lut-ZNP were spray-dried, and the physicochemical properties were characterized by SEM, XRD, FT-IR and DSC. Then, the bioavailability of luteolin in rats was determined. Under the formulation of luteolin, zein and sodium caseinate with mass ratio of 1:5:15, the particle size, ζ-potential, encapsulation efficiency and loading efficiency of Lut-ZNP were 171.8 nm, -49.05 mV, 85.85% and 3.15%, respectively. Luteolin existed in the nanoparticles with amorphous form. Lut-ZNP exhibited good redispersibility in water after drying. Compared with free luteolin, the solubility, stability and release of luteolin in Lut-ZNP were greatly improved. Besides, the fecal excretion of luteolin in rats was significantly reduced after oral administration of Lut-ZNP. In addition to native luteolin, its metabolites including sulfate, glucuronidate and methylated glucuronidate were found in rat plasma. Lut-ZNP significantly increased the plasma concentrations of luteolin and its metabolites, and the bioavailability of luteolin was enhanced by 2.92 times.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiao-Ting Xu
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Natural Product and Functional Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China
| | - Wen-Xuan Zhang
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Natural Product and Functional Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China
| | - Hai-Xia Xu
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Natural Product and Functional Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China
| | - Qing-Feng Zhang
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Natural Product and Functional Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China.
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Chen Y, Xia G, Wang C, Wu H, Xu X, Mao G, Wu J, Zhao Z. Impact of dietary plant flavonoids on 7,8-dihydroxyflavone transepithelial transport in human intestinal Caco-2 cells. Food Sci Nutr 2023; 11:6888-6898. [PMID: 37970375 PMCID: PMC10630842 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.3581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023] Open
Abstract
7,8-dihydroxyflavone (7,8-DHF) is a biologically active flavone with various physiological activities, including neuroprotection, anti-inflammation, and weight loss. Previous studies have found that the efflux protein P-glycoprotein (P-gp) significantly affects the transepithelial transport of 7,8-DHF in the intestine, resulting in its low oral bioavailability. Based on this, in this study, a Caco-2 monolayer cell model was used to investigate 14 dietary plant flavonoids as potential P-gp inhibitors, and their effects on the transepithelial transport and in vitro digestion of 7,8-DHF were explored. The results showed that among the 14 plant flavonoids, hesperetin, epigallocatechin gallate, fisetin, kaempferol, quercetin, and isoorientin increased and the apparent permeability coefficients (P app) of 7,8-DHF at AP → BL direction and lowered P app value at BL → AP direction to varying degrees, reducing the efflux ratio of 7,8-DHF less than 1.5. In particular, kaempferol and quercetin exhibited the best effect on promoting the transepithelial transport of 7,8-DHF, especially when used at molar concentration ratios of 1:1 and 1:2 with 7,8-DHF. This is beneficial for improving the oral bioavailability of 7,8-DHF. Meanwhile, 7,8-DHF was found to maintain structural stability in simulated saliva, gastric juice, and intestinal juice, and its stability was not affected by the coexistence of quercetin and kaempferol. Overall, this study provided a theoretical basis for seeking natural and safe P-gp inhibitors to improve the oral absorption of natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufeng Chen
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, School of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro‐Food Processing, Zhejiang Engineering Center for Food Technology and EquipmentZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab of Geriatrics and Geriatrics Institute of Zhejiang Province, Department of GeriatricsZhejiang HospitalHangzhouChina
- Ningbo Today Food Co LtdNingboChina
| | - Guobin Xia
- Section of Neonatology, Department of PediatricsBaylor College of MedicineHoustonTexasUSA
| | - Chunfeng Wang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab of Geriatrics and Geriatrics Institute of Zhejiang Province, Department of GeriatricsZhejiang HospitalHangzhouChina
| | | | - Xiaogang Xu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab of Geriatrics and Geriatrics Institute of Zhejiang Province, Department of GeriatricsZhejiang HospitalHangzhouChina
| | - Genxiang Mao
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab of Geriatrics and Geriatrics Institute of Zhejiang Province, Department of GeriatricsZhejiang HospitalHangzhouChina
| | - Jiong Wu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab of Geriatrics and Geriatrics Institute of Zhejiang Province, Department of GeriatricsZhejiang HospitalHangzhouChina
| | - Zhenlei Zhao
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab of Geriatrics and Geriatrics Institute of Zhejiang Province, Department of GeriatricsZhejiang HospitalHangzhouChina
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12
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Sadžak A, Eraković M, Šegota S. Kinetics of Flavonoid Degradation and Controlled Release from Functionalized Magnetic Nanoparticles. Mol Pharm 2023; 20:5148-5159. [PMID: 37651612 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.3c00478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Flavonoids are naturally occurring antioxidants that have been shown to protect cell membranes from oxidative stress and have a potential use in photodynamic cancer treatment. However, they degrade at physiological pH values, which is often neglected in drug release studies. Kinetic study of flavonoid oxidation can help to understand the mechanism of degradation and to correctly analyze flavonoid release data. Additionally, the incorporation of flavonoids into magnetic nanocarriers can be utilized to mitigate degradation and overcome their low solubility, while the release can be controlled using magnetic fields (MFs). An approach that combines alternating least squares (ALS) and multilinear regression to consider flavonoid autoxidation in release studies is presented. This approach can be used in general cases to account for the degradation of unstable drugs released from nanoparticles. The oxidation of quercetin, myricetin (MCE), and myricitrin (MCI) was studied in PBS buffer (pH = 7.4) using UV-vis spectrophotometry. ALS was used to determine the kinetic profiles and characteristic spectra, which were used to analyze UV-vis data of release from functionalized magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs). MNPs were selected for their unique magnetic properties, which can be exploited for both targeted drug delivery and control over the drug release. MNPs were prepared and characterized by X-ray diffraction, infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, superconducting quantum interference device magnetometer, and electrophoretic mobility measurements. Autoxidation of all three flavonoids follows a two-step first-order kinetic model. MCE showed the fastest degradation, while the oxidation of MCI was the slowest. The flavonoids were successfully loaded into the prepared MNPs, and the drug release was described by the first-order and Korsmeyer-Peppas models. External MFs were utilized to control the release mechanism and the cumulative mass of the flavonoids released.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja Sadžak
- Division of Physical Chemistry, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička Cesta 54, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
| | - Mihael Eraković
- Division of Physical Chemistry, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička Cesta 54, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
| | - Suzana Šegota
- Division of Physical Chemistry, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička Cesta 54, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
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13
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Nabizadeh Z, Nasrollahzadeh M, Shabani AA, Mirmohammadkhani M, Nasrabadi D. Evaluation of the anti-inflammatory activity of fisetin-loaded nanoparticles in an in vitro model of osteoarthritis. Sci Rep 2023; 13:15494. [PMID: 37726323 PMCID: PMC10509168 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-42844-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Cartilage lesions, especially osteoarthritis (OA), are a common health problem, causing pain and disability in various age groups, principally in older adults and athletes. One of the main challenges to be considered in cartilage tissue repair is the regeneration of cartilage tissue in an active inflammatory environment. Fisetin has various biological effects including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, apoptotic, and antiproliferative activities. The only disadvantages of fisetin in the pharmaceutical field are its instability and low solubility in aqueous media. This study is aimed at preparing chitosan (CS)-based nanoparticles to yield fisetin with improved bioavailability features. Then, the effect of fisetin-loaded nanoparticles (FNPs) on inflammatory responses in interleukin-1β (IL-1β) pretreated human chondrocytes has also been investigated. FNPs presented an average size of 363.1 ± 17.2 nm and a zeta potential of + 17.7 ± 0.1 mV with encapsulation efficiency (EE) and loading capacity (LC) of 78.79 ± 7.7% and 37.46 ± 6.6%, respectively. The viability of human chondrocytes was not affected by blank nanoparticles (BNPs) up to a concentration of 2000 μg/mL. In addition, the hemolysis results clearly showed that FNPs did not damage the red blood cells (RBCs) and had good hemocompatibility within the range investigated. FNPs, similar to fisetin, were able to inhibit the inflammatory responses induced by IL-1β such as the expression of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) while increasing the production of an anti-inflammatory cytokine such as interleukin-10 (IL-10). Overall, the in vitro evaluation results of the anti-inflammatory activity showed that FNPs can serve as delivery systems to transfer fisetin to treat inflammation in OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Nabizadeh
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Nasrollahzadeh
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Qom, P.O. Box 37185-359, Qom, Iran
| | - Ali Akbar Shabani
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Majid Mirmohammadkhani
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Faculty of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Davood Nasrabadi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran.
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14
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Jin Q, Liu T, Qiao Y, Liu D, Yang L, Mao H, Ma F, Wang Y, Peng L, Zhan Y. Oxidative stress and inflammation in diabetic nephropathy: role of polyphenols. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1185317. [PMID: 37545494 PMCID: PMC10401049 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1185317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) often leads to end-stage renal disease. Oxidative stress demonstrates a crucial act in the onset and progression of DN, which triggers various pathological processes while promoting the activation of inflammation and forming a vicious oxidative stress-inflammation cycle that induces podocyte injury, extracellular matrix accumulation, glomerulosclerosis, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, renal tubular atrophy, and proteinuria. Conventional treatments for DN have limited efficacy. Polyphenols, as antioxidants, are widely used in DN with multiple targets and fewer adverse effects. This review reveals the oxidative stress and oxidative stress-associated inflammation in DN that led to pathological damage to renal cells, including podocytes, endothelial cells, mesangial cells, and renal tubular epithelial cells. It demonstrates the potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties by targeting Nrf2, SIRT1, HMGB1, NF-κB, and NLRP3 of polyphenols, including quercetin, resveratrol, curcumin, and phenolic acid. However, there remains a long way to a comprehensive understanding of molecular mechanisms and applications for the clinical therapy of polyphenols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Jin
- Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Tongtong Liu
- Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yuan Qiao
- China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Donghai Liu
- China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Liping Yang
- Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Huimin Mao
- Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Fang Ma
- Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yuyang Wang
- Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Liang Peng
- China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yongli Zhan
- Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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15
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Lin S, Simal-Gandara J, Cao H, Xiao J. The stability and degradation products of polyhydroxy flavonols in boiling water. Curr Res Food Sci 2023; 6:100509. [PMID: 37229311 PMCID: PMC10205440 DOI: 10.1016/j.crfs.2023.100509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Polyhydroxy flavonols readily degraded during thermal processing. In this study, the UPLC-Q-tof-MS/MS was applied to explore the stability of dietary polyhydroxy flavonols, myricetin, kaempferol, galangin, fisetin, myricitrin, quercitrin and rutin, in boiling water. The decomposition of flavonols was mainly caused by the heterocyclic ring C opening to form simpler aromatic compounds. The degradation products mainly included 1,3,5-benzenetriol, 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoic acid, 2,4,6-trihydroxybenzoic acid and 2,4,6-trihydroxybenzaldehyde, etc. Compared with myricetin with a pyrogallol-type structure on the ring B, the glycoside in myricitrin slightly affects the stability. However, the glycosides in rutin and quercitrin dramatically improved the stability in water. During the boiling process, flavonols underwent a series of chemical reactions, such as hydroxylation, dehydroxylation, deglycosidation, deprotonation, and C-ring cleavage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiye Lin
- College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, China
- Universidade de Vigo, Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Department of Analytical and Food Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, 32004, Ourense, Spain
| | - Jesus Simal-Gandara
- Universidade de Vigo, Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Department of Analytical and Food Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, 32004, Ourense, Spain
| | - Hui Cao
- College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, China
- Universidade de Vigo, Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Department of Analytical and Food Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, 32004, Ourense, Spain
| | - Jianbo Xiao
- Universidade de Vigo, Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Department of Analytical and Food Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, 32004, Ourense, Spain
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16
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Investigation into the anti-inflammatory mechanism of coffee leaf extract in LPS-induced Caco-2/U937 co-culture model through cytokines and NMR-based untargeted metabolomics analyses. Food Chem 2023; 404:134592. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.134592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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17
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Fu M, Gao L, Geng Q, Li T, Dai T, Liu C, Chen J. Noncovalent interaction mechanism and functional properties of flavonoid glycoside-β-lactoglobulin complexes. Food Funct 2023; 14:1357-1368. [PMID: 36648058 DOI: 10.1039/d2fo02791g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The interaction of flavonoid glycosides with milk protein and effects on the functional properties of flavonoid glycoside-β-lactoglobulin complexes are still inexplicit. The noncovalent interactions between flavonoid glycosides including quercetin (QE), quercitrin (QI), and rutin (RU) with β-lactoglobulin (β-LG) were determined by computer molecular docking and multispectral technique analysis. The fluorescence quenching results indicated that the flavonoid glycosides formed stable complexes with β-LG by the static quenching mechanism. The computer molecular docking and thermodynamic parameters analysis conclude that the main interaction of β-LG-QE was via hydrogen bonding, while for β-LG-QI and β-LG-RU it is via hydrophobic forces. The order of binding affinity to β-LG was QE (37.76 × 104 L mol-1) > RU (16.80 × 104 L mol-1) > QI (11.17 × 104 L mol-1), which indicated that glycosylation adversely affected the colloidal complex binding capacity. In this study, the physicochemical properties of the protein-flavonoid colloidal complex were determined. The analysis by circular dichroism spectroscopy demonstrated that flavonoid glycosides made the protein structure looser by inducing the secondary structure of β-LG to transform from the α-helix and β-sheet to random coils. The hydrophobicity of β-LG decreased due to binding with flavonoid glycosides, while functional properties including foaming, emulsification, and antioxidant capacities of β-LG were improved due to the noncovalent interactions. This study presents a part of the insight and guidance on the interactive mechanism of flavonoid glycosides and proteins and is helpful for developing functional protein-based foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330047, China.
| | - Lizhi Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330047, China. .,West Yunnan University of Applied Sciences, Dali, Yunnan, 671000, China
| | - Qin Geng
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330047, China.
| | - Ti Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330047, China.
| | - Taotao Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330047, China.
| | - Chengmei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330047, China.
| | - Jun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330047, China.
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18
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Perużyńska M, Nowak A, Birger R, Ossowicz-Rupniewska P, Konopacki M, Rakoczy R, Kucharski Ł, Wenelska K, Klimowicz A, Droździk M, Kurzawski M. Anticancer properties of bacterial cellulose membrane containing ethanolic extract of Epilobium angustifolium L. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1133345. [PMID: 36890919 PMCID: PMC9986418 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1133345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Epilobium angustifolium L. is a medicinal plant well known for its anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antioxidant, and anticancer properties related to its high polyphenols content. In the present study, we evaluated the antiproliferative properties of ethanolic extract of E. angustifolium (EAE) against normal human fibroblasts (HDF) and selected cancer cell lines, including melanoma (A375), breast (MCF7), colon (HT-29), lung (A549) and liver (HepG2). Next, bacterial cellulose (BC) membranes were applied as a matrix for the controlled delivery of the plant extract (BC-EAE) and characterized by thermogravimetry (TG), infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images. In addition, EAE loading and kinetic release were defined. Finally, the anticancer activity of BC-EAE was evaluated against the HT-29 cell line, which presented the highest sensitivity to the tested plant extract (IC50 = 61.73 ± 6.42 µM). Our study confirmed the biocompatibility of empty BC and the dose and time-dependent cytotoxicity of the released EAE. The plant extract released from BC-2.5%EAE significantly reduced cell viability to 18.16% and 6.15% of the control values and increased number apoptotic/dead cells up to 37.53% and 66.90% after 48 and 72 h of treatment, respectively. In conclusion, our study has shown that BC membranes could be used as a carrier for the delivery of higher doses of anticancer compounds released in a sustained manner in the target tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Perużyńska
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Anna Nowak
- Department of Cosmetic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Radosław Birger
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Paula Ossowicz-Rupniewska
- Department of Chemical Organic Technology and Polymeric Materials, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Engineering, West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Maciej Konopacki
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Engineering, West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Rafał Rakoczy
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Engineering, West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Łukasz Kucharski
- Department of Cosmetic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Karolina Wenelska
- Department of Nanomaterials Physicochemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Engineering, West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Adam Klimowicz
- Department of Cosmetic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Marek Droździk
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Mateusz Kurzawski
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Szczecin, Poland
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19
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Exploring Epigallocatechin-3-Gallate Autoxidation Products: Specific Incubation Times Required for Emergence of Anti-Amyloid Properties. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11101887. [PMID: 36290609 PMCID: PMC9598636 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11101887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyloidogenic protein/peptide aggregation into fibrillar aggregates is associated with multiple amyloidoses, including widespread neurodegenerative disorders. Despite years of research and a well-understood mechanism, there are still very few treatments available for the increasing number of amyloid-related disorders. In recent years, the search for potential anti-aggregation compounds has shifted toward naturally occurring molecules, with one of the most promising being epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG). This polyphenolic compound was shown to inhibit the aggregation of several amyloidogenic proteins/peptides, including amyloid-beta (related to Alzheimer’s disease) and alpha-synuclein (related to Parkinson’s disease). However, multiple reports have indicated its limited stability under physiological conditions and the possibility of EGCG autoxidation products being the actual inhibitory compounds. In this work, we explore how different EGCG autoxidation products associate with non-aggregated insulin, as well as how they affect its aggregation and resulting fibril structure. We also show that there is a specific incubation time required for the emergence of compounds, which alters the amyloid aggregation process.
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20
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Cellular Uptake of Epigallocatechin Gallate in Comparison to Its Major Oxidation Products and Their Antioxidant Capacity In Vitro. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11091746. [PMID: 36139820 PMCID: PMC9495782 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11091746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Depletion of reactive oxygen species and reduction of oxidative stress have been identified as key parameters in the prevention of cellular aging. In previous in vitro studies, the tea catechin epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) was found to have both pro- and antioxidant properties, disregarding the low stability under cell culture conditions. Besides hydrogen peroxide, theasinensin dimers amongst other oxidation products are formed. Exact quantities, cellular uptake and antioxidant capacities of these dimeric oxidation products remain unknown. Via high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS), formation kinetics and cellular uptake of EGCG and its major oxidation products are quantified. The antioxidant capacity is determined on a cellular level using a modified dichlorofluorescein (DCF) approach. As a first result, oxidation product quantities of up to 21 µM each are measured after incubation of 50 µM EGCG. While EGCG is taken up equimolarly, its major oxidation products are accumulated in hepatocarcinoma HepG2 cells at millimolar concentrations, especially theasinensin A (TSA). Lastly, the oxidation products show higher antioxidant properties than the monomer EGCG. In correlation with cellular uptake, TSA displays the highest capacity of all tested analytes. The findings reveal the strong influence of EGCG oxidation products on its bioactivity in vitro.
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21
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Mainente F, Piovan A, Zanoni F, Chignola R, Cerantola S, Faggin S, Giron MC, Filippini R, Seraglia R, Zoccatelli G. Spray-drying Microencapsulation of an Extract from Tilia tomentosa Moench Flowers: Physicochemical Characterization and in Vitro Intestinal Activity. PLANT FOODS FOR HUMAN NUTRITION (DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS) 2022; 77:467-473. [PMID: 35947287 PMCID: PMC9463327 DOI: 10.1007/s11130-022-00995-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Silver linden (Tilia tomentosa Moench, TtM) flowers possess several health-promoting properties, especially at the neurological level, such as intestinal relaxation activity associated with specific flavonols, particularly quercetin and kaempferol derivatives. However, such molecules are susceptible to degradation upon different triggers like heat, light and extreme pH values. To overcome the scarce stability of TtM flowers bioactive molecules and make them suitable for developing functional food and supplements, we applied microencapsulation. Spray-drying microencapsulation of TtM flowers extract was performed using three starch-derived wall materials: maltodextrin 12 DE (MD12) and 19 DE (MD19), and OSA-modified starch (OSA-S). The stability of total phenols, flavanols, and antioxidant capacity was monitored for 70 days under accelerated stress conditions (40 °C/70% RH) by HPLC and spectrophotometric methods, and the intestinal contractile activity was tested in a murine model. In comparison to MD12 and MD19, OSA-S stood out for the higher encapsulation efficiency of quercetin and kaempferol glycosides (+ 36-47% compared to MD12 and + 18-24% compared to MD19) and stability thereof (half-life on average + 30% compared to MD12 and + 51% compared to MD19). The intestinal contractile activity of OAS-S powders resulted comparable to the original extract, indicating that flavonols were biologically active and accessible. Our results underly the potential advantages of OSA-S encapsulated formulation as a functional ingredient for the development of nutraceutical products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Mainente
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie, 15 - CV1, 37134, Verona, Italy
| | - Anna Piovan
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo, 5 - 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Francesca Zanoni
- Sphera Encapsulation SRL, Via Alessandro Volta, 15A - 37062, Villafranca di Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Roberto Chignola
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie, 15 - CV1, 37134, Verona, Italy
| | - Silvia Cerantola
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo, 5 - 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Sofia Faggin
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo, 5 - 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Maria Cecilia Giron
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo, 5 - 35131, Padova, Italy
- IRCCS San Camillo Hospital, Via Alberoni, 70 - 30126, Venice, Italy
| | - Raffaella Filippini
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo, 5 - 35131, Padova, Italy
| | | | - Gianni Zoccatelli
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie, 15 - CV1, 37134, Verona, Italy.
- Sphera Encapsulation SRL, Via Alessandro Volta, 15A - 37062, Villafranca di Verona, Verona, Italy.
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22
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Thermal conditions and active substance stability affect the isomerization and degradation of lycopene. Food Res Int 2022; 162:111987. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2022.111987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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23
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Lin S, Zhang H, Simal-Gandara J, Cheng KW, Wang M, Cao H, Xiao J. Investigation of new products of quercetin formed in boiling water via UPLC-Q-TOF-MS-MS analysis. Food Chem 2022; 386:132747. [PMID: 35339090 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.132747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Quercetin is one of most important flavonoids in foods with multi-benefits for human health. The thermal processing is the main food processing approach. Here, the stability of quercetin in boiling water (100 °C) was investigated by UPLC-Q-TOF-MS-MS. With the increasing boiling time, quercetin gradually degraded, and the initial degradation time is 17.57 min and the half-degradation time is 169.72 min. The degradation mechanisms included oxidation, hydroxylation and nucleophilic attack cleavage. Combining the retention time and characteristic fragment ion information of the corresponding standards, the degraded products of quercetin in boiling water were identified as 3,4-dihydroxyphenylglyoxylate, 1,3,5-trihydroxybenzene, 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoic acid and 2,4,6-trihydroxybenzoic acid. Moreover, 2,3-dihydro-2,3',4',5,7-pentahydroxy-3-oxoflavone, quercetin dimers and quinones were also formed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiye Lin
- College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Haolin Zhang
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China.
| | - Jesus Simal-Gandara
- Universidade de Vigo, Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Department of Analytical and Food Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, 32004 Ourense, Spain.
| | - Ka-Wing Cheng
- Institute for Innovative Development of Food Industry, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China; Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China.
| | - Mingfu Wang
- Institute for Innovative Development of Food Industry, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China; Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China.
| | - Hui Cao
- College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China; Universidade de Vigo, Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Department of Analytical and Food Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, 32004 Ourense, Spain.
| | - Jianbo Xiao
- Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.
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24
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Zhang H, Wang M, Xiao J. Stability of polyphenols in food processing. ADVANCES IN FOOD AND NUTRITION RESEARCH 2022; 102:1-45. [PMID: 36064291 DOI: 10.1016/bs.afnr.2022.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, polyphenols have attracted considerable attention due to their diverse potential health-beneficial effects on humans. Polyphenols are widely distributed in natural plants, and therefore play an important role in human food. Thermal processing, irradiation, fermentation, high pressure, microwave, and drying are several popular food processing methods. However, polyphenols are instable in food processing, which easily degrade and react with other components because of their polyhydroxy characteristic. Traditional and advanced technologies have been used to characterize the stability of polyphenols. The main influence factors of stability of polyphenols such as pH, temperature, light, oxygen, enzymes, metal ions, as well as macromolecules, are summarized. Besides, thermal processing greatly promoted the degradation of polyphenols. Thermal degradation mechanisms and products of some polyphenols, such as quercetin and rutin, have been intensively demonstrated. Nevertheless, the structural changes of polyphenols caused by food processing, may lead to different bioactivities from the obtained results based on unprocessed polyphenols. Therefore, to maximize the beneficial effects of polyphenols ingested by human from processed food, the stability of polyphenols in food processing must be thoroughly investigated to assess their real bioactivities. In addition, some available technologies for improving the stability of polyphenols in food processing have been proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haolin Zhang
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Minglong Wang
- School of Perfume and Aroma Technology, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianbo Xiao
- Department of Analytical and Food Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Universidade de Vigo, Ourense, Spain.
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25
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Zhang HL, Wang ML, Yi LZ, Högger P, Arroo R, Bajpai VK, Prieto MA, Chen XJ, Simal-Gandara J, Cao H. Stability profiling and degradation products of dihydromyricetin in Dulbecco's modified eagle's medium. Food Chem 2022; 378:132033. [PMID: 35033717 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.132033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Dihydromyricetin has shown many bioactivities in cell level. However, dihydromyricetin was found to be highly instable in cell culture medium DMEM. Here, the underlying degradation mechanism was investigated via UPLC-MS/MS analysis. Dihydromyricetin was mainly converted into its dimers and oxidized products. At lower temperature, dihydromyricetin in DMEM showed higher stability. Vitamin C increased the stability of dihydromyricetin in DMEM probably due to its high antioxidant potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- H L Zhang
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China.
| | - M L Wang
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China.
| | - L Z Yi
- Faculty of Agriculture and Food, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China.
| | - P Högger
- Institut für Pharmazie und Lebensmittelchemie, Universität Würzburg, 97074 Würzburg, Germany.
| | - R Arroo
- De Montfort University - Leicester School of Pharmacy, The Gateway, Leicester LE1 9BH, UK.
| | - V K Bajpai
- Department of Energy and Materials Engineering, Dongguk University-Seoul, 30 Pildong-ro 1-gil, Seoul 04620, Republic of Korea
| | - M A Prieto
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Vigo - Ourense Campus, E-32004 Ourense, Spain.
| | - X J Chen
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China.
| | - J Simal-Gandara
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Vigo - Ourense Campus, E-32004 Ourense, Spain.
| | - H Cao
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Vigo - Ourense Campus, E-32004 Ourense, Spain; College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
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26
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Cao H, Högger P, Prieto M, Simal‐Gandara J, Xiao J. Stability of quercetin in DMEM and cell culture with A549 cells. EFOOD 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/efd2.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Cao
- College of Food Science and Technology Guangdong Ocean University Zhanjiang China
| | - Petra Högger
- Institut für Pharmazie und Lebensmittelchemie Universität Würzburg Würzburg Germany
| | - Miguel‐Angel Prieto
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and Technology University of Vigo‐Ourense Campus Ourense Spain
| | - Jesus Simal‐Gandara
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and Technology University of Vigo‐Ourense Campus Ourense Spain
| | - Jianbo Xiao
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and Technology University of Vigo‐Ourense Campus Ourense Spain
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27
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Structure dependent stability and antioxidant capacity of strawberry polyphenols in the presence of canola protein. Food Chem 2022; 385:132630. [PMID: 35334342 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.132630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Polyphenol stability in processed food affects sensorial and health-promoting properties. Thus, understanding the effects of various food components on polyphenols degradation, as a function of their chemical structure, can contribute to optimal product engineering. The current study focuses on the impact of polyphenol structure on polyphenol-protein interactions in correlation with their stability and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) during shelf-life. A strawberry polyphenol extract (SPE) and canola protein extract (CPE) were used as multicomponent polyphenol and plant-based protein models. A non-covalent interaction of SPE and CPE was observed at pH = 3. Among CPE proteins cruciferin was the most involved in interactions, and the polyphenols with the highest relative binding were flavonols (45 ± 3%-68 ± 2%), while anthocyanins presented lower values (0 ± 0.4%-27 ± 1%). The presence of the proteins enhanced mostly the anthocyanins' stability, yet the extent of the impact was not correlated with the relative binding. TAC was not better preserved by the presence of CPE.
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28
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Antioxidant activity, stability, in vitro digestion and cytotoxicity of two dietary polyphenols co-loaded by β-lactoglobulin. Food Chem 2022; 371:131385. [PMID: 34808778 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.131385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 10/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The combination of multiple dietary polyphenols may have synergistic beneficial effects. And the beneficial effects can be further improved by the encapsulation of proteins. The interactions of procyanidin B2 (PB2) and/or dihydromyricetin (DMY) with β-lactoglobulin (β-LG) were investigated using multi-spectroscopic techniques and molecular docking. The structural change of β-LG in the presence of PB2 and/or DMY was demonstrated by dynamic light scattering, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and circular dichroism spectroscopy. Response surface analysis was used to optimize the synergistic antioxidant activity between PB2 and DMY. Besides, the antioxidant activity, stability, in vitro digestion and cytotoxicity of PB2 and DMY in the binary and ternary systems were investigated. These studies will elucidate the interaction mechanism of PB2 and/or DMY with β-LG. The research results can provide theoretical support for the development of functional foods and beverages with synergistic activity, improved stability and bioaccessibility, thereby promoting human health and preventing diseases.
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29
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Zhu A, Zhou Q, Hu S, Wang F, Tian Z, Hu X, Liu H, Jiang D, Chen W. Metabolomic analysis of the grain pearling fractions of six bread wheat varieties. Food Chem 2022; 369:130881. [PMID: 34455328 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.130881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Bread wheat is a staple food crop that is consumed worldwide. In this study, using widely targeted LC-MS/MS, we conducted a high-throughput metabolomic analysis and determined the contents and spatial distribution of metabolites in pearled fractions of the dried kernels of six representative bread wheat varieties cultivated in China. Our aim was to explore the cultivars and pearling fractions with a view toward developing functional food products. We accordingly identified notable differences in the nutrient and bioactive metabolomes, and established that the pearling fractions of each cultivar had distinct metabolic profiles. Flavonoids varied the most amongst the cultivars and were found in higher concentration in the outer layers of the grain, but only at low concentrations in the kernel. Data from this study add further evidence of benefits of whole grain wheat consumption but, specifically, medium-gluten and pigmented wheat offer other nutrient and bioactive benefits whole grain products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anting Zhu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Qin Zhou
- National Engineering and Technology Center for Information Agriculture/Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology and Ecology in Southern China, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shiqi Hu
- National Engineering and Technology Center for Information Agriculture/Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology and Ecology in Southern China, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Fan Wang
- National Engineering and Technology Center for Information Agriculture/Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology and Ecology in Southern China, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhitao Tian
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Xin Hu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Hongbo Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Dong Jiang
- National Engineering and Technology Center for Information Agriculture/Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology and Ecology in Southern China, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Wei Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
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30
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Elsallabi O, Patruno A, Pesce M, Cataldi A, Carradori S, Gallorini M. Fisetin as a Senotherapeutic Agent: Biopharmaceutical Properties and Crosstalk between Cell Senescence and Neuroprotection. Molecules 2022; 27:738. [PMID: 35164003 PMCID: PMC8839434 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27030738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Like other organs, brain functions diminish with age. Furthermore, for a variety of neurological disorders-including Alzheimer's disease-age is one of the higher-risk factors. Since in many Western countries the average age is increasing, determining approaches for decreasing the effects of aging on brain function is taking on a new urgency. Neuroinflammation and oxidative stress are two convoluted key factors in brain aging and chronic neurodegenerative diseases. The diverseness of factors, causing an age-related decrease in brain functions, requires identifying small molecules that have multiple biological activities that can affect all these factors. One great source of these small molecules is related to polyphenolic flavonoids. Recently, 3,3',4',7-tetrahydroxyflavone (fisetin) has been reported as a potent senotherapeutic capable of extending lifespan by reducing peroxidation levels and enhancing antioxidant cell responses. The neuroprotective effects of fisetin have been shown in several in vitro and in vivo models of neurological disorders due to its actions on multiple pathways associated with different neurological disorders. The present work aims to collect the most recent achievements related to the antioxidant and neuroprotective effects of fisetin. Moreover, in silico pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and toxicity of fisetin are also comprehensively described along with emerging novel drug delivery strategies for the amelioration of this flavonol bioavailability and chemical stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osama Elsallabi
- Department of Medicine and Science of Aging, University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (O.E.); (A.P.); (M.P.)
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, SE-141 57 Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Antonia Patruno
- Department of Medicine and Science of Aging, University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (O.E.); (A.P.); (M.P.)
| | - Mirko Pesce
- Department of Medicine and Science of Aging, University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (O.E.); (A.P.); (M.P.)
| | - Amelia Cataldi
- Department of Pharmacy, University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (A.C.); (M.G.)
| | - Simone Carradori
- Department of Pharmacy, University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (A.C.); (M.G.)
| | - Marialucia Gallorini
- Department of Pharmacy, University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (A.C.); (M.G.)
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31
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Zhou P, Tang D, Zou J, Wang X. An alternative strategy for enhancing stability and antimicrobial activity of catechins by natural deep eutectic solvents. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2021.112558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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32
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Relevance of Cellular Redox Homeostasis for Vital Functions of Human Dental Pulp Cells. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 11:antiox11010023. [PMID: 35052527 PMCID: PMC8772760 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11010023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Odontogenic MSCs are vulnerable to LPS-triggered bacterial infections, and they respond by secreting inflammatory mediators, such as IL-6, and with mineralization. Since both processes might be prone to a disturbance of the redox homeostasis, the oxidative stress influence on vital functions of human dental pulp cells (HPCs) was investigated. With these aims, a model of LPS-stimulated primary HPCs was established, and anti- and pro-oxidant substances were administered up to 21 days to measure inflammation and mineralization parameters. LPS-stimulated HPCs retained mineralization potential, which was decreased with the antioxidants NAC and fisetin and the pro-oxidant BSO. The expression of surface markers related to odontogenic commitment was influenced accordingly but counteracted by the enhanced expression of BMP2 and ALP at the transcriptional level. LPS triggers an early IL-6 production in non-odontogenic conditions, while it can be measured only after 15 days in the presence of the differentiation medium. The present study shows that HPCs functions causally depend on a tightly regulated cellular redox balance. Our data demonstrate a redox control of pulp MSC odontogenic commitment along with a potential association between an IL-6 late secretion and mineralization. These findings lay the groundwork for investigations on the molecular role of IL-6 in dental hard tissue metabolism.
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33
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Zhang H, Caprioli G, Hussain H, Khoi Le NP, Farag MA, Xiao J. A multifaceted review on dihydromyricetin resources, extraction, bioavailability, biotransformation, bioactivities, and food applications with future perspectives to maximize its value. EFOOD 2021. [DOI: 10.53365/efood.k/143518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural bioactive compounds present a better alternative to prevent and treat chronic diseases owing to their lower toxicity and abundant resources. (+)-Dihydromyricetin (DMY) is a flavanonol, possessing numerous interesting bioactivities with abundant resources. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the recent advances in DMY natural resources, stereoisomerism, physicochemical properties, extraction, biosynthesis, pharmacokinetics, and biotransformation. Stereoisomerism of DMY should be considered for better indication of its efficacy. Biotechnological approach presents a potential tool for the production of DMY using microbial cell factories. DMY high instability is related to its powerful antioxidant capacity due to pyrogallol moiety in ring B, and whether preparation of other analogues could demonstrate improved properties. DMY demonstrates poor bioavailability based on its low solubility and permeability with several attempts to improve its pharmacokinetics and efficacy. DMY possesses various pharmacological effects, which have been proven by many in vitro and in vivo experiments, while clinical trials are rather scarce, with underlying action mechanisms remaining unclear. Consequently, to maximize the usefulness of DMY in nutraceuticals, improvement in bioavailability, and better understanding of its actions mechanisms and drug interactions ought to be examined in the future along with more clinical evidence.
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Yao Y, Xiong W, Chen L, Ju X, Wang L. Synergistic growth-inhibition effect of quercetin and N-Acetyl-L-cysteine against HepG2 cells relying on the improvement of quercetin stability. Food Chem 2021; 374:131729. [PMID: 34906805 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.131729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In this study, N-Acetyl-l-cysteine (NAC) as a widely-used antioxidant was first applied to improve the stability of Que in medium. The stability of Que in medium was analyzed, and the growth-inhibition effect of Que and NAC against HepG2 cells was estimated. The results showed NAC could significantly improve the stability of Que in medium (more than 80%), while Que alone in medium was totally degraded within 4 h. Besides, it was found that Que together with NAC could significantly enhance the growth-inhibition effect against HepG2 cells compared with Que alone, with the IC50 value of 40 μM and 200 μM for Que together with NAC and Que alone. Moreover, NAC could inhibit the depletion of GSH induced by Que. The synergistic growth-inhibition effect of Que and NAC against HepG2 cells was attributed to NAC improving Que stability in medium accompanied by NAC inhibiting the depletion of GSH induced by Que. The results showed that NAC could improve the stability of Que and reduce the degradation rate of Que in culture medium. This study can provide a reference for the further study of the mechanism of NAC enhancing the stability of quercetin and the development of broad-spectrum stabilizers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yijun Yao
- College of Food Science and Engineering Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety Key Laboratory of Grains and Oils Quality Control and Processing, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, 210023 Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenfei Xiong
- College of Food Science and Engineering Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety Key Laboratory of Grains and Oils Quality Control and Processing, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, 210023 Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Chen
- College of Food Science and Engineering Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety Key Laboratory of Grains and Oils Quality Control and Processing, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, 210023 Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xingrong Ju
- College of Food Science and Engineering Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety Key Laboratory of Grains and Oils Quality Control and Processing, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, 210023 Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Lifeng Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety Key Laboratory of Grains and Oils Quality Control and Processing, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, 210023 Nanjing, People's Republic of China.
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35
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Phenolic-protein interactions in foods and post ingestion: Switches empowering health outcomes. Trends Food Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2021.08.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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36
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Contente ML, Annunziata F, Cannazza P, Donzella S, Pinna C, Romano D, Tamborini L, Barbosa FG, Molinari F, Pinto A. Biocatalytic Approaches for an Efficient and Sustainable Preparation of Polyphenols and Their Derivatives. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:13669-13681. [PMID: 34762407 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c05088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Many sectors of industry, such as food, cosmetics, nutraceuticals, and pharmaceuticals, have increased their interest in polyphenols due to their beneficial properties. These molecules are widely found in Nature (plants) and can be obtained through direct extraction from vegetable matrices. Polyphenols introduced through the diet may be metabolized in the human body via different biotransformations leading to compounds having different bioactivities. In this context, enzyme-catalyzed reactions are the most suitable approach to produce modified polyphenols that not only can be studied for their bioactivity but also can be labeled as green, natural products. This review aims to give an overview of the potential of biocatalysis as a powerful tool for the modification of polyphenols to enhance their bioaccessibility, bioavailability, biological activity or modification of their physicochemical properties. The main polyphenol transformations occurring during their metabolism in the human body have been also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Letizia Contente
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), University of Milan, via Celoria 2, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Francesca Annunziata
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences (DISFARM), University of Milan, via Mangiagalli 25, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Pietro Cannazza
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), University of Milan, via Celoria 2, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Silvia Donzella
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), University of Milan, via Celoria 2, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Cecilia Pinna
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), University of Milan, via Celoria 2, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Diego Romano
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), University of Milan, via Celoria 2, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Lucia Tamborini
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences (DISFARM), University of Milan, via Mangiagalli 25, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Francisco Geraldo Barbosa
- Department of Organic and Inorganic Chemistry, Sciences Center, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza-CE 60455-970, Brazil
| | - Francesco Molinari
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), University of Milan, via Celoria 2, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Pinto
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), University of Milan, via Celoria 2, 20133 Milan, Italy
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37
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Sharma A, Choi HK, Kim YK, Lee HJ. Delphinidin and Its Glycosides' War on Cancer: Preclinical Perspectives. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:11500. [PMID: 34768930 PMCID: PMC8583959 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Until now, several studies have looked at the issue of anthocyanin and cancer, namely the preventive and inhibitory effects of anthocyanins, as well as the underlying molecular processes. However, no targeted review is available regarding the anticarcinogenic effects of delphinidin and its glycosides on various cancers and their plausible molecular mechanisms. Considerable evidence shows significant anticancer properties of delphinidin-rich preparations and delphinidin alone both in vitro and in vivo. This review covers the in vitro and preclinical implications of delphinidin-mediated cell protection and cancer prevention; thus, we strongly recommend that delphinidin-rich preparations be further investigated as potential functional food, dietary antioxidant supplements, and natural health products targeting specific chronic diseases, including cancer. In addition to in vitro investigations, future research should focus on more animal and human studies to determine the true potential of delphinidin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anshul Sharma
- Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Bionanotechnology, Gachon University, Seongnam-si 13120, Gyeonggi-do, Korea;
| | - Hyo-Kyoung Choi
- Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun 55365, Jeollabuk-do, Korea;
| | - Yeon-Kye Kim
- Food Safety and Processing Research Division, National Institute of Fisheries Science, Gijang-eup, Busan 46083, Korea;
| | - Hae-Jeung Lee
- Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Bionanotechnology, Gachon University, Seongnam-si 13120, Gyeonggi-do, Korea;
- Institute for Aging and Clinical Nutrition Research, Gachon University, Seongnam-si 13120, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
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Fu Y, Liu W, Soladoye OP. Towards innovative food processing of flavonoid compounds: Insights into stability and bioactivity. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2021.111968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Anti-Obesity Effect of Polygalin C Isolated from Polygala japonica Houtt. via Suppression of the Adipogenic and Lipogenic Factors in 3T3-L1 Adipocytes. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221910405. [PMID: 34638751 PMCID: PMC8508696 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a risk factor for metabolic diseases including type 2 diabetes, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), heart diseases, and cancer. This study aimed to investigate the anti-obesity effect of Polygalin C (PC) isolated from Polygala japonica Houtt. in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Based on Oil Red O assay results, PC significantly decreased lipid accumulation compared to the control. We found that PC suppressed adipogenesis transcription factors including peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPAR γ) and CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein (C/EBP) α, and lipogenic factors such as sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1c (SREBP 1c) and fatty acid synthase (FAS), in 3T3-L1 adipocytes using Western blotting and real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Moreover, PC inhibited the differentiation of 3T3-L1 cells by regulating the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)/acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) and mitogen-activated protein kinase/protein kinase B (MAPK/Akt) signaling pathways. Additionally, we confirmed that PC inhibited early adipogenesis factors C/EBP β and C/EBP δ. Therefore, PC inhibited adipogenesis and lipogenesis in vitro. Thus, PC appears to exert potential therapeutic effects on obesity by suppressing lipid metabolism.
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Alfke J, Kampermann U, Kalinina S, Esselen M. Isolation and structural elucidation of dimeric epigallocatechin-3-gallate autoxidation products and their antioxidant capacity. Eur Food Res Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s00217-021-03846-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AbstractDietary polyphenols like epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG)—which represents the most abundant flavan-3-ol in green tea—are subject of several studies regarding their bioactivity and health-related properties. On many occasions, cell culture or in vitro experiments form the basis of published data. Although the stability of these compounds is observed to be low, many reported effects are directly related to the parent compounds whereas the impact of EGCG degradation and autoxidation products is not yet understood and merely studied. EGCG autoxidation products like its dimers theasinensin A and D, “P2” and oolongtheanin are yet to be characterized in the same extent as their parental polyphenol. However, to investigate the bioactivity of autoxidation products—which would minimize the discrepancy between in vitro and in vivo data—isolation and structure elucidation techniques are urgently needed. In this study, a new protocol to acquire the dimers theasinensin A and D as well as oolongtheanin is depicted, including a variety of spectroscopic and quadrupole time-of-flight high-resolution mass spectrometric (qTOF-HRMS) data to characterize and assign these isolates. Through nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, polarimetry, and especially circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy after enzymatic hydrolysis the complementary atropisomeric stereochemistry of the isolated theasinensins is illuminated and elucidated. Lastly, a direct comparison between the isolated EGCG autoxidation products and the monomer itself is carried out regarding their antioxidant properties featuring Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC) values. These findings help to characterize these products regarding their cellular effects and—which is of special interest in the flavonoid group—their redox properties.
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Otsuka K, Ochiya T. Possible connection between diet and microRNA in cancer scenario. Semin Cancer Biol 2021; 73:4-18. [DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2020.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Stability and antioxidant capacity of epigallocatechin gallate in Dulbecco's modified eagle medium. Food Chem 2021; 366:130521. [PMID: 34314931 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.130521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Though the instability of polyphenols in cell culture experiment has been investigated previously, the underlying mechanism is not completely clear yet. Therefore, in this study, the stability of epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) in cell culture medium DMEM was investigated at 4 °C and 37 °C via UPLC-MS-MS analysis followed by determination of the antioxidant capacity of EGCG. EGCG was instable in DMEM and formed various degradation products derived from its dimer with increasing incubation time with many isomers being formed at both temperatures. The dimer products were more stable at 4 °C than at 37 °C. The structure and formation mechanism of five products were analyzed with four unidentified. Ascorbic acid significantly improved the stability of EGCG by protecting EGCG from auto-oxidation in DMEM, particularly at 4 °C. The antioxidative activity of EGCG in DMEM was determined by DPPH, ABTS and FRAP assay. The antioxidative properties of EGCG continuously decreased over 8 h in DMEM, which was consistent with its course of degradation.
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Rocha S, Oskolkova O, de Freitas V, Reis A. (Poly)phenol-Rich Diets in the Management of Endothelial Dysfunction in Diabetes Mellitus: Biological Properties in Cultured Endothelial Cells. Mol Nutr Food Res 2021; 65:e2001130. [PMID: 34050718 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202001130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Processed and ready-to-eat foods become routinely consumed resulting in a sharp rise of sugar intake in people's daily diets. The inclusion of fresh fruits and vegetables rich in (poly)phenols has been encouraged by the World Health Organization (WHO) as part of the daily choices to ameliorate endothelial dysfunction and ease the socio-economic burden of diabetes. Research in Food, Nutrition, and Cell Metabolism areas is revealing that the health benefits of (poly)phenol-rich foods go beyond their antioxidant properties and are in fact key modulators of redox and glycaemia status, and inflammatory response contributing to improved endothelial function and vascular health in diabetes. Other beneficial aspects include appetite modulation, regulation of hydrolytic enzymes involved in sugar and lipid metabolism, and mediation of cell-cell aggregation events. This work overviews the current knowledge on the biological properties of ingested (poly)phenols in cultured endothelial cells with emphasis on the circulating (poly)phenols, providing support to (poly)phenol-rich diets as alternatives to drug-based therapies in the prevention, treatment, and management of diabetes. A critical evaluation on the caveats and challenges involve in current experimental cell-based designs and approaches adopted is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Rocha
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, Porto, 4169-007, Portugal
| | - Olga Oskolkova
- Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Graz, Humboldtstrasse 46/III, Graz, 8010, Austria
| | - Victor de Freitas
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, Porto, 4169-007, Portugal
| | - Ana Reis
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, Porto, 4169-007, Portugal
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Going "Green" in the Prevention and Management of Atherothrombotic Diseases: The Role of Dietary Polyphenols. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10071490. [PMID: 33916712 PMCID: PMC8038361 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10071490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
During the 20th century processed and ready-to-eat foods became routinely consumed resulting in a sharp rise of fat, salt, and sugar intake in people's diets. Currently, the global incidence of obesity, raised blood lipids, hypertension, and diabetes in an increasingly aged population contributes to the rise of atherothrombotic events and cardiovascular diseases (CVD) mortality. Drug-based therapies are valuable strategies to tackle and help manage the socio-economic impact of atherothrombotic disorders though not without adverse side effects. The inclusion of fresh fruits and vegetables rich in flavonoids to human diets, as recommended by WHO offers a valuable nutritional strategy, alternative to drug-based therapies, to be explored in the prevention and management of atherothrombotic diseases at early stages. Though polyphenols are mostly associated to color and taste in foods, food flavonoids are emerging as modulators of cholesterol biosynthesis, appetite and food intake, blood pressure, platelet function, clot formation, and anti-inflammatory signaling, supporting the health-promoting effects of polyphenol-rich diets in mitigating the impact of risk factors in atherothrombotic disorders and CVD events. Here we overview the current knowledge on the effect of polyphenols particularly of flavonoid intake on the atherothrombotic risk factors and discuss the caveats and challenges involved with current experimental cell-based designs.
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45
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Available technologies on improving the stability of polyphenols in food processing. FOOD FRONTIERS 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/fft2.65] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
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46
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Xie Y, Wang H, He Z. Recent advances in polyphenols improving vascular endothelial dysfunction induced by endogenous toxicity. J Appl Toxicol 2020; 41:701-712. [PMID: 33251608 DOI: 10.1002/jat.4123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yixi Xie
- Department of Burns and Reconstructive Surgery, Xiangya Hospital Central South University Changsha China
- Key Laboratory for Green Organic Synthesis and Application of Hunan Province Xiangtan University Xiangtan China
| | - Hui Wang
- Key Laboratory for Green Organic Synthesis and Application of Hunan Province Xiangtan University Xiangtan China
| | - Zhiyou He
- Department of Burns and Reconstructive Surgery, Xiangya Hospital Central South University Changsha China
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47
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Dirimanov S, Högger P. Fluorescence interference of polyphenols in assays screening for dipeptidyl peptidase IV inhibitory activity. FOOD FRONTIERS 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/fft2.51] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Stoyan Dirimanov
- Institut für Pharmazie und Lebensmittelchemie Universität Würzburg Würzburg Germany
| | - Petra Högger
- Institut für Pharmazie und Lebensmittelchemie Universität Würzburg Würzburg Germany
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48
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Choi JH, Park SE, Yeo SH, Kim S. Anti-Inflammatory and Cytotoxicity Effects of Cudrania tricuspidata Fruits Vinegar in a Co-Culture System with RAW264.7 Macrophages and 3T3-L1 Adipocytes. Foods 2020; 9:foods9091232. [PMID: 32899648 PMCID: PMC7554877 DOI: 10.3390/foods9091232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Vinegar has been found to have in vitro improvement effect on inflammatory biomarkers, and clinically used to improve inflammation and obesity-related diseases. This study was designed to analyze in vitro anti-inflammatory effects of Cudrania tricuspidata fruits vinegar (CTFV) in a co-culture system with macrophages and adipocytes. We analyzed the physicochemical properties and polyphenolic ingredients of CTFV, and investigated in vitro anti-inflammatory effects of CTFV in a co-culture system with macrophages and adipocytes. The cells were cultured in the presence of CTFV for 24 h in contact with each other, then, harvested. The levels of monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1, tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), nitric oxide (NO), and interleukin (IL)-6 were evaluated by using the Griess reagent, western blot, or enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay assays. We found that increasing levels for NO, iNOS, TNF-α, IL-6 and MCP-1 were caused by LPS treatment and co-culture using the contact method, whereas CTFV efficaciously attenuated inflammatory response by improving inflammatory parameters including NO, iNOS, TNF-α, IL-6 and MCP-1. The present study indicates that CTFV might provide a nutraceutical product or functional food resource for improving inflammation processed via the interaction of adipocytes and macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Hui Choi
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Gwangju University, Gwangju 503-703, Korea; (J.-H.C.); (S.-E.P.)
| | - Se-Eun Park
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Gwangju University, Gwangju 503-703, Korea; (J.-H.C.); (S.-E.P.)
| | - Soo-Hwan Yeo
- Department of Agro-food Resource, National Academy of Agricultural Science, RDA, Suwon 441-853, Korea;
| | - Seung Kim
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Gwangju University, Gwangju 503-703, Korea; (J.-H.C.); (S.-E.P.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-62-670-2718; Fax: +82-62-670-2761
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Reis A, Perez-Gregorio R, Mateus N, de Freitas V. Interactions of dietary polyphenols with epithelial lipids: advances from membrane and cell models in the study of polyphenol absorption, transport and delivery to the epithelium. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2020; 61:3007-3030. [PMID: 32654502 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2020.1791794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Currently, diet-related diseases such as diabetes, obesity, hypertension, and cardiovascular diseases account for 70% of all global deaths. To counteract the rising prevalence of non-communicable diseases governments are investing in persuasive educational campaigns toward the ingestion of fresh fruits and vegetables. The intake of dietary polyphenols abundant in Mediterranean and Nordic-type diets holds great potential as nutritional strategies in the management of diet-related diseases. However, the successful implementation of healthy nutritional strategies relies on a pleasant sensory perception in the mouth able to persuade consumers to adopt polyphenol-rich diets and on a deeper understanding on the chemical modifications, that affect not only their chemical properties but also their physical interaction with epithelial lipids and in turn their permeability, location within the lipid bilayer, toxicity and biological activity, and fate during absorption at the gastro-intestinal epithelium, transport in circulation and delivery to the endothelium. In this paper, we review the current knowledge on the interactions between polyphenols and their metabolites with membrane lipids in artificial membranes and epithelial cell models (oral, stomach, gut and endothelium) and the findings from polyphenol-lipid interactions to physiological processes such as oral taste perception, gastrointestinal absorption and endothelial health. Finally, we discuss the limitations and challenges associated with the current experimental approaches in membrane and cell model studies and the potential of polyphenol-rich diets in the quest for personalized nutritional strategies ("personalized nutrition") to assist in the prevention, treatment, and management of non-communicable diseases in an increasingly aged population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Reis
- Department Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Rosa Perez-Gregorio
- Department Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Nuno Mateus
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Portugal
| | - Victor de Freitas
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Portugal
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50
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Ouyang Y, Chen L, Qian L, Lin X, Fan X, Teng H, Cao H. Fabrication of caseins nanoparticles to improve the stability of cyanidin 3-O-glucoside. Food Chem 2020; 317:126418. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.126418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2019] [Revised: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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