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Amutova F, Turganova R, Konuspayeva G, Gaspard S, Mamirova A, Michaux F, Hartmeyer P, Soligot C, Djansugurova L, Jurjanz S, Delannoy M. The Effect of Granulometry of Carbonaceous Materials and Application Rates on the Availability of Soil-Bound Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) and Its Metabolites. J Xenobiot 2024; 14:267-284. [PMID: 38390996 PMCID: PMC10885036 DOI: 10.3390/jox14010016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 01/07/2024] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Biochars (BCs) and activated carbons (ACs) are well-known carbon-rich materials that are being increasingly studied in environmental sciences for water treatment applications to remediate pollutant sequestration in soil. This study aimed to assess the impact of Sargasso BC particle size and amendment rate on the environmental availability of DDT and DDT metabolites in two distinct Kazakh soils. These two soils were collected in the vicinity of storehouse facilities in Kyzylkairat and Beskainar that store banned pesticides. They presented very distinct concentration levels of DDT and DDT metabolites. Three different types of carbonaceous matrices were tested: Sargasso BC and two commercial ACs (ORBOTM and DARCO©). For the granulometry effect, Sargasso BC was ground, and two particle sizes were tested (<150 µm, >150 µm) and compared to an unground material. Four distinct application rates were tested (0.25, 0.5, 1, and 2% (w/w)). After a three-month maturation period, environmental availability was assessed using an ISO/DIS 16751, part B-modified methodology. Interestingly, the best reductions in DDT environmental availability were obtained with the finest particle size (both ACs and Sargasso BC < 150 µm). More specifically, the effectiveness of the strategy seemed to depend on many factors. Firstly, a clear soil effect was demonstrated, suggesting that the more contaminated the soil, the more efficient this strategy may be. Secondly, the results showed that an increase in the amendment rate improves the immobilization of DDT and DDT metabolites. The sequestration material demonstrated different efficiency values (up to 58 ± 4% for Sargasso BC < 150 µm and 85 ± 4% for DARCO at a 2% application rate). Finally, a clear molecule effect was displayed, demonstrating the following immobilization order: p,p'-DDE > p,p'-DDD > p,p'-DDT > o,p'-DDT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farida Amutova
- Université de Lorraine, INRAE, URAFPA, F-54000 Nancy, France
- Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Almaty 050040, Kazakhstan
- Antigen LLP, Scientific and Production Enterprise, Almaty 040905, Kazakhstan
| | - Ronagul Turganova
- Université de Lorraine, INRAE, URAFPA, F-54000 Nancy, France
- Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Almaty 050040, Kazakhstan
| | - Gaukhar Konuspayeva
- Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Almaty 050040, Kazakhstan
- Antigen LLP, Scientific and Production Enterprise, Almaty 040905, Kazakhstan
| | - Sarra Gaspard
- Laboratoire COVACHIM-M2E, EA 3592, Université des Antilles, F-97110 Pointe-à-Pitre, Guadeloupe, France
| | - Aigerim Mamirova
- Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Almaty 050040, Kazakhstan
| | | | | | - Claire Soligot
- Université de Lorraine, INRAE, URAFPA, F-54000 Nancy, France
| | | | - Stefan Jurjanz
- Université de Lorraine, INRAE, URAFPA, F-54000 Nancy, France
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Martin-Tornero E, Luque-Uría A, Durán-Merás I, Espinosa-Mansilla A. A novel analytical methodology for the determination of hydroxy polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in breast and cow milk samples. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2020; 1136:121912. [PMID: 31841982 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2019.121912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Revised: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 11/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Hydroxy polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (OHPAHs) in biological fluids, such as milk, are considered as biomarkers of exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in organism. The presence of OHPAHs in milk samples indicates a potential contamination on human organisms and milk producing animals. In this way, infants can be contaminated by lactation through the consumption of milk of both, human and animal origins. In this paper, eight OHPAHs have been analyzed in commercial cow milks and in human breast milk using HPLC and fast scanning fluorimetric detection (FSFD). Extraction and cleaning procedures of OHPAHs from milk samples have been investigated, and the experimental results using two bibliographic protocols and a new proposed protocol have been compared. The new protocol using enzymatic hydrolysis, proteins precipitation and, solvent extraction using acetonitrile, was proposed as the most adequate for the determination of 2-hydroxyfluorene, 1-/9-, 2-/3- and 4-hydroxyphenanthrenes, 1-hydroxypyrene and 3-hydroxybenzo[a]pyrene. The method recoveries ranged from 80-102% and 75-91% for fresh cow milk and for human breast milk, respectively, for all components except for 3-OHBz[a] Py. Low recovery values were calculated for 3-hydroxybenzo[a]pyrene in all cases. No statistical difference in the method performance was observed between fresh cow milk and human breast milk.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Martin-Tornero
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Extremadura, 06006 Badajoz, Spain; Research Institute on Water, Climate Change & Sustainability (IACYS), University of Extremadura, 06006 Badajoz, Spain.
| | - A Luque-Uría
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Extremadura, 06006 Badajoz, Spain
| | - I Durán-Merás
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Extremadura, 06006 Badajoz, Spain; Research Institute on Water, Climate Change & Sustainability (IACYS), University of Extremadura, 06006 Badajoz, Spain
| | - A Espinosa-Mansilla
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Extremadura, 06006 Badajoz, Spain; Research Institute on Water, Climate Change & Sustainability (IACYS), University of Extremadura, 06006 Badajoz, Spain
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Wang J, Lin K, Taylor A, Gan J. In vitro assessment of pyrethroid bioaccessibility via particle ingestion. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2018; 119:125-132. [PMID: 29957354 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2018.05.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2018] [Revised: 05/25/2018] [Accepted: 05/25/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Due to their intensive use in agricultural and residential pest control, human exposure to residues of multiple pyrethroids frequently occurs. Pyrethroids have exceptionally high affinity for solid particles, highlighting the need to understand human exposure through oral ingestion of contaminated soil or dust particles. In this study, we used artificial gastrointestinal fluids to measure the desorption or bioaccessibility of eight current-use pyrethroids in soil and dust samples. Tenax was further included as a sink in parallel treatments to simulate the effect of removal due to transfer of pyrethroids to lipid membranes. The use of 0.4 g of Tenax in 20 mL digestive fluids resulted in rapid and efficient trapping of pyrethroids, and further, greatly increased bioaccessibility. In the artificial digestive fluids without Tenax, 6.0-48.0% of pyrethroids were desorbed over 21 h, and the fractions increased by 1.6-4.1 folds to 21.5-79.3% with the Tenax sink. Therefore, 6.0-79.3% of soil or dust-borne pyrethroids may be considered bioavailable upon ingestion. While protein and sucrose increased the estimated bioaccessibility, co-presence of lipid (vegetable oil) decreased the bioaccessibility of pyrethroids, likely due to competitive phase partition. Pyrethroids were also found to be unstable in the artificial intestinal fluid containing pancreatin, further decreasing the potential bioaccessibility of pyrethroids on soil or dust particles. The limited bioaccessibility should be considered to refine the prediction of human exposure and risk through oral ingestion of pyrethroid residues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Wang
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Kunde Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Coastal Ecology and Environmental Studies, Center for Marine Environmental Chemistry and Toxicology, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, 361102 Xiamen, China
| | - Allison Taylor
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Jay Gan
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA.
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Martín Tornero E, Espinosa-Mansilla A, Muñoz de la Peña A, Durán Merás I. Phenanthrene metabolites determination in human breast and cow milk by combining elution time-emission fluorescence data with multiway calibration. Talanta 2018; 188:299-307. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2018.05.096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2018] [Revised: 05/24/2018] [Accepted: 05/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Fu B, Xu T, Cui Z, Ng HL, Wang K, Li J, Li QX. Mutation of Phenylalanine-223 to Leucine Enhances Transformation of Benzo[a]pyrene by Ring-Hydroxylating Dioxygenase of Sphingobium sp. FB3 by increasing Accessibility of the Catalytic Site. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2018; 66:1206-1213. [PMID: 29336152 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.7b05018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Burning of agricultural biomass generates polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) including the carcinogen benzo[a]pyrene, of which the catabolism is primarily initiated by a ring-hydroxylating dioxygenase (RHD). This study explores catalytic site accessibility and its role in preferential catabolism of some PAHs over others. The genes flnA1f, flnA2f, flnA3, and flnA4, encoding the oxygenase α and β subunits, ferredoxin, and ferredoxin reductase, respectively, of the RHD enzyme complex (FlnA) were cloned from Sphingobium sp. FB3 and coexpressed in E. coli BL21. The FlnA effectively transformed fluoranthene but not benzo[a]pyrene. Substitution of the bulky phenylalanine-223 by leucine reduces the steric constraint in the substrate entrance to make the catalytic site of FlnA more accessible to large substrates, as visualized by 3D modeling, and allows the FlnA mutant to efficiently transform benzo[a]pyrene. Accessibility of the catalytic site to PAHs is a mechanism of RHD substrate specificity. The results shed light on why some PAHs are more recalcitrant than others.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Fu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Biodiversity and Organic Farming, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University , 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Beijing 100193, China
- Department of Molecular Biosciences and Bioengineering, University of Hawaii at Manoa , Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, United States
| | - Ting Xu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Biodiversity and Organic Farming, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University , 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zhongli Cui
- Department of Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory for Microbiological Engineering of Agricultural Environment of Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing, Jiangsu 201195, China
| | - Ho Leung Ng
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biophysics, Kansas State University , Manhattan, Kansas 66506, United States
| | - Kai Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Biodiversity and Organic Farming, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University , 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Ji Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Biodiversity and Organic Farming, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University , 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Qing X Li
- Department of Molecular Biosciences and Bioengineering, University of Hawaii at Manoa , Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, United States
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Ruby MV, Lowney YW, Bunge AL, Roberts SM, Gomez-Eyles JL, Ghosh U, Kissel JC, Tomlinson P, Menzie C. Oral Bioavailability, Bioaccessibility, and Dermal Absorption of PAHs from Soil-State of the Science. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2016; 50:2151-64. [PMID: 26824144 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.5b04110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
This article reviews the state of the science regarding oral bioavailability, bioaccessibility, and dermal absorption of carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (cPAHs) in soil by humans, and discusses how chemical interactions may control the extent of absorption. Derived from natural and anthropomorphic origins, PAHs occur in a limited number of solid and fluid matrices (i.e., PAH sources) with defined physical characteristics and PAH compositions. Existing studies provide a strong basis for establishing that oral bioavailability of cPAHs from soil is less than from diet, and an assumption of 100% relative bioavailability likely overestimates exposure to cPAHs upon ingestion of PAH-contaminated soil. For both the oral bioavailability and dermal absorption studies, the aggregate data do not provide a broad understanding of how different PAH source materials, PAH concentrations, or soil chemistries influence the absorption of cPAHs from soil. This article summarizes the existing studies, identifies data gaps, and provides recommendations for the direction of future research to support new default or site-specific bioavailability adjustments for use in human health risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael V Ruby
- Integral Consulting Inc., Louisville, Colorado 80027, United States
| | | | - Annette L Bunge
- Colorado School of Mines , Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | | | - Jose L Gomez-Eyles
- University of Maryland , Baltimore County, Maryland 20742, United States
- Integral Consulting Inc., Seattle, Washington 98104, United States
| | - Upal Ghosh
- University of Maryland , Baltimore County, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - John C Kissel
- University of Washington , Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
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Gutiérrez R, Vega S, Ortiz R, Pérez JJ, Schettino B. Presence of PAHs in milk of industrial farms from Tizayuca, Hidalgo, Mexico. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART. B, PESTICIDES, FOOD CONTAMINANTS, AND AGRICULTURAL WASTES 2015; 50:317-321. [PMID: 25826099 DOI: 10.1080/03601234.2015.1000166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to determine the concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in cow's milk from industrial farms that are located near an industrial park in Hidalgo, Mexico. It was found that the concentrations of PAHs in the raw milk of cattle from industrial farms have increased in recent years. Composite samples were collected between 2008 and 2010 and analysis carried out according to 8100 EPA procedures and analyzed by gas chromatography with FID detection. The results show that combustion PAHs were mostly Ace, Acy, and Fla (0.25, 0.32, and 0.22 µg g(-1), respectively). Diagnostic ratios were used to show that the probable sources were grass and fuel combustion. The sum of concentrations of 16 individual PAHs did not breach permissible levels in milk (25 µg g(-1) according to the United States EPA), indicating a limited health risk to animals and humans in the study area. The industrial park has adequate pollutant emission regulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rey Gutiérrez
- a Instrumental Analysis Laboratory, Animal and Agricultural Production Department, Autonomous Metropolitan University Xochimilco Campus , Coyoacán , México
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Fang M, Stapleton HM. Evaluating the bioaccessibility of flame retardants in house dust using an in vitro Tenax bead-assisted sorptive physiologically based method. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2014; 48:13323-30. [PMID: 25330458 PMCID: PMC4238594 DOI: 10.1021/es503918m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2014] [Revised: 10/16/2014] [Accepted: 10/20/2014] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to house dust is a significant source of exposure to flame retardant chemicals (FRs), particularly in the US. Given the high exposure there is a need to understand the bioaccessibility of FRs from dust. In this study, Tenax beads (TA) encapsulated within a stainless steel insert were used as an adsorption sink to estimate the dynamic absorption of a suite of FRs commonly detected in indoor dust samples (n = 17), and from a few polyurethane foam samples for comparison. Organophosphate flame retardants (OPFRs) had the highest estimated bioaccessibility (∼ 80%) compared to brominated compounds (e.g., PBDEs), and values generally decreased with increasing Log K(ow), with <30% bioaccessibility measured for BDE209. These measurements were in very close agreement with reported PBDE bioavailability measures from an in vivo rat exposure study using indoor dust. The bioaccessibility of very hydrophobic FRs (Log K(ow) > 6) in foam was much less than that in house dust, and increasing bioaccessibility was observed with decreasing particle size. In addition, we examined the stability of more labile FRs containing ester groups (e.g., OPFRs and 2-ethylhexyl-tetrabromo-benzoate (EH-TBB)) in a mock-digestive fluid matrix. No significant changes in the OPFR concentrations were observed in this fluid; however, EH-TBB was found to readily hydrolyze to tetrabromobenzoic acid (TBBA) in the intestinal fluid in the presence of lipases. In conclusion, our study demonstrates that the bioaccessibility and stability of FRs following ingestion varies by chemical and sample matrix and thus should be considered in exposure assessments.
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Girelli AM, Sperati D, Tarola AM. Determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in Italian milk by HPLC with fluorescence detection. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2014; 31:703-10. [PMID: 24417240 DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2013.878959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The presence of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Italian commercial milk samples is reported. The study was carried out on lactating (cow and goat) and plant (rice, soya, oat) milk. The quantitative determination involved liquid-liquid extraction of PAHs, a pre-concentration and determination by HPLC using a fluorescence detector. The recovery of analytes was in the range of 70-115%. The precision of the method was found to be between 6% and 24%. The detection limit ranged from 0.66 to 33.3 µg l(-1) corresponding to 0.03-1.66 µg kg(-1) milk (wet weight), at a signal-to-noise ratio of 3, depending on the compound. By this procedure, the levels of more volatile PAHs (two to three aromatic rings) were confirmed in 34 commercial milk and three plant milk samples, whereas benzo[a]pyrene was found only in five pasteurised milk samples at a mean concentration of 0.17 µg kg(-1) milk. These results provide evidence that PAH levels are influenced by heat treatments and skimming processes of milk production.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Girelli
- a Department of Chemistry , Sapienza University of Rome , P.le A. Moro 5, I-00185 Rome , Italy
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10
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Nam TG. Lipid peroxidation and its toxicological implications. Toxicol Res 2013; 27:1-6. [PMID: 24278542 PMCID: PMC3834518 DOI: 10.5487/tr.2011.27.1.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2010] [Revised: 12/16/2010] [Accepted: 12/22/2010] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipid peroxidation is a free radical oxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids such as linoleic acid or arachidonic acid. This process has been related with various pathologies and disease status mainly because of the oxidation products formed during the process. The oxidation products include reactive aldehydes such as malondialdehyde and 4-hydroxynonenal. These reactive aldehydes can form adducts with DNAs and proteins, leading to the alterations in their functions to cause various diseases. This review will provide a short summary on the implication of lipid peroxidation on cancer, atherosclerosis, and neurodegeneration as well as chemical and biochemical mechanisms by which these adducts affect the pathological conditions. In addition, select examples will be presented where antioxidants were used to counteract oxidative damage caused by lipid peroxidation. At the end, isoprostanes are discussed as a gold standard for the assessment of oxidative damages.
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Knobel G, Campiglia AD. Determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon metabolites in milk by a quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged and safe extraction and capillary electrophoresis. J Sep Sci 2013; 36:2291-8. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201300250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2013] [Revised: 04/22/2013] [Accepted: 04/23/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gaston Knobel
- Department of Chemistry, University of Central Florida; Orlando FL USA
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Guiavarc'h YP, Chahin A, Dziurla MA, Yen FT, Jondreville C, Rychen G. EROD activity in peripheral blood lymphocytes and 1-hydroxypyrene in urine and milk as biomarkers of PAH exposure in dairy ruminants. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2011; 30:1346-1353. [PMID: 21351293 DOI: 10.1002/etc.507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2010] [Revised: 06/18/2010] [Accepted: 12/29/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Presently, few biomarker-based approaches are available for the evaluation of environmental exposure to persistent organic pollutants in dairy ruminants. In this study, goats (Capra hircus) were orally administered a mixture of pyrene, phenanthrene, and benzo[a]pyrene daily over a 40-d period (1 or 50 mg/d). Milk and urine 1-hydroxypyrene levels, ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (EROD) activity in peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) as well as urinary levels of 2- and 3-hydroxyphenanthrene were determined at 10-d intervals. 1-Hydroxypyrene excretion in milk and urine significantly increased and then achieved a plateau at 10 d. Transfer rates of 1-hydroxypyrene were calculated to be approximately 0.5 and 25% in milk and urine, respectively. Concentrations in milk and urine were proportional to the ingested doses. These results demonstrate that 1-hydroxypyrene in milk or urine may be used as a biomarker for evaluating the exposure of dairy ruminants to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) over an extended exposure period. Constitutive EROD activity in lymphocytes was 0.5 ± 0.3 pmol resorufin/min/mg protein, and was significantly induced over the entire exposure time, before stabilizing after 40 d at 6.30 ± 1.3 and 18.89 ± 1.12 pmol resorufin/min/mg protein for 1 mg/d and 50 mg/d doses, respectively. Induction kinetics were calculated using a logistic-like model and approximate dose-response curves were designed. We therefore propose EROD activity in PBL as a relevant, convenient, and noninvasive biomarker of subchronic exposure of dairy ruminants to CYP450 inducing PAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yann P Guiavarc'h
- Research Unit on Animal and Functionality of Animal Products, Nancy University-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France.
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Naccari C, Cristani M, Giofrè F, Ferrante M, Siracusa L, Trombetta D. PAHs concentration in heat-treated milk samples. Food Res Int 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2010.12.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Kang HG, Jeong SH. 1-OH-Pyrene and 3-OH-Phenanthrene in Urine Show Good Relationship with their Parent Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Muscle in Dairy Cattle. Toxicol Res 2011; 27:15-8. [PMID: 24278545 PMCID: PMC3834509 DOI: 10.5487/tr.2011.27.1.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2011] [Revised: 02/12/2011] [Accepted: 02/15/2011] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The toxicities of phenanthrene (PH) and pyrene (PY) are less than benzo (a) pyrene (BaP) , but both compounds are found in higher concentrations in the air, feed, and food. Most PAHs are metabolized to hydroxylated compounds by the hepatic cytochrome P450 monooxigenases system. Metabolites are excreted into urine and feces. We determined concentrations of PH, PY and BaP in muscle and hydroxylated metabolites, 3-OH-PH, 1-OH-PY, and 3-OH-BaP, respectively, in urine from dairy cattle (n = 24) . We also evaluated the relationship between parent compounds in muscle and their metabolites in urine. Concentrations of PH and PY in muscle ranged from 0.7~4.8 ng/g (1.8 ± 1.7) and 0.4~4.1 ng/g (1.2 ± 1.2) , respectively. Concentrations of 3-OH-PH and 1-OH-PY in urine ranged from 0.1~5.9 ng/ml (2.9 ± 3.7) and 0.5~3.6 ng/ml (1.9 ± 2.3) , respectively. Correlation coefficient for PY concentration in muscle versus 1-OH-PY in urine was 0.657 and for PH concentration in muscle versus 3-OH-PH in urine was 0.579.Coefficient determination for PY and PH concentrations in muscle was 0.886 and for 1-OH-PY and 3-OHPH in urine was 0.834. This study suggests that 1-OH-PY and 3-OH-PH could be used as biomarkers for PAHs exposure in dairy cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hwan-Goo Kang
- Toxicology & Chemistry Division, National Veterinary Research and Quarantine Service, Anyang 430-824
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Tiwari JN, Reddy MMK, Patel DK, Jain SK, Murthy RC, Manickam N. Isolation of pyrene degrading Achromobacter xylooxidans and characterization of metabolic product. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s11274-010-0350-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Degradation of pyrene by an enteric bacterium, Leclercia adecarboxylata PS4040. Biodegradation 2009; 21:59-69. [DOI: 10.1007/s10532-009-9281-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2008] [Accepted: 06/18/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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