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Zhao Y, Wang L, Huang Y, Evans PC, Little PJ, Tian X, Weng J, Xu S. Anthocyanins in Vascular Health and Disease: Mechanisms of Action and Therapeutic Potential. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2024; 84:289-302. [PMID: 39240726 DOI: 10.1097/fjc.0000000000001602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 09/08/2024]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Unhealthy lifestyles have placed a significant burden on individuals' cardiovascular health. Anthocyanins are water-soluble flavonoid pigments found in a wide array of common foods and fruits. Anthocyanins have the potential to contribute to the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular disease by improving lipid profiles and vascular function, reducing blood glucose levels and blood pressure, and inhibiting inflammation. These actions have been demonstrated in numerous clinical and preclinical studies. At the cellular and molecular level, anthocyanins and their metabolites could protect endothelial cells from senescence, apoptosis, and inflammation by activating the phosphoinositide 3-kinase/protein kinase B/endothelial nitric oxide synthases, silent information regulator 1 (SIRT1), or nuclear factor erythroid2-related factor 2 pathways and inhibiting the nuclear factor kappa B, Bax, or P38 mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways. Furthermore, anthocyanins prevent vascular smooth muscle cell from platelet-derived growth factor -induced or tumor necrosis factor-α-induced proliferation and migration by inhibiting the focal adhesion kinase and extracellular regulated protein kinases signaling pathways. Anthocyanins could also attenuate vascular inflammation by reducing the formation of oxidized lipids, preventing leukocyte adhesion and infiltration of the vessel wall, and macrophage phagocytosis of deposited lipids through reducing the expression of cluster of differentiation 36 and increasing the expression of ATP-binding cassette subfamily A member 1 and ATP-binding cassette subfamily G member 1. At the same time, anthocyanins could lower the risk of thrombosis by inhibiting platelet activation and aggregation through down-regulating P-selectin, transforming growth factor-1, and CD40L. Thus, the development of anthocyanin-based supplements or derivative drugs could provide new therapeutic approaches to the prevention and treatment of vascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaping Zhao
- Department of Endocrinology, Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, Clinical Research Hospital of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Hefei), University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Metabolic Health and Panvascular Diseases, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Li Wang
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Metabolic Health and Panvascular Diseases, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Yu Huang
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Metabolic Health and Panvascular Diseases, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Paul C Evans
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, China
| | - Peter J Little
- Centre for Biochemical Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Xiaoyu Tian
- School of Pharmacy, The University of Queensland, Queensland, Australia; and
| | - Jianping Weng
- Department of Endocrinology, Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, Clinical Research Hospital of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Hefei), University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Metabolic Health and Panvascular Diseases, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Suowen Xu
- Department of Endocrinology, Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, Clinical Research Hospital of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Hefei), University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Metabolic Health and Panvascular Diseases, Hefei, Anhui, China
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Manandhar S, Gaddam RR, Chambers S, Bhatia M. Kupffer Cell Inactivation Alters Endothelial Cell Adhesion Molecules in Cecal Ligation and Puncture-Induced Sepsis. Biomolecules 2024; 14:84. [PMID: 38254684 PMCID: PMC10813064 DOI: 10.3390/biom14010084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 01/01/2024] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The activation of Kupffer cells, resident macrophages in the liver, is closely associated with the inflammatory response during sepsis, which leads to multiple-organ failure. However, how Kupffer cell activation affects adhesion molecules (ICAM-1 and VCAM-1) in sepsis has not been determined. This study investigated Kupffer cell inactivation's (by gadolinium chloride; GdCl3) effects on adhesion molecule expression in CLP-induced sepsis. The induction of sepsis resulted in increased expression of liver and lung ICAM-1 and VCAM-1. GdCl3 pretreatment significantly decreased liver ICAM-1 expression but had no effect on VCAM-1 expression. In contrast, GdCl3 pretreatment had no effect on sepsis-induced increased adhesion molecule expression in the lungs. Similarly, the immunoreactivity of ICAM-1 was decreased in liver sinusoidal endothelial cells but increased in pulmonary endothelial cells in septic mice pretreated with GdCl3. Further, GdCl3 pretreatment had no effect on the immunoreactivity of VCAM-1 in endothelial cells of the liver and lungs. Hence, the findings of this study demonstrate the differential effects of Kupffer cell inactivation on liver and lung adhesion molecules and suggest the complexity of their involvement in the pathophysiology of sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Madhav Bhatia
- Department of Pathology and Biomedical Science, University of Otago, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand; (S.M.); (R.R.G.); (S.C.)
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Zheng K, Lu J, He X, Lan S, Zhai T, Cao S, Lin Y. Genome-Wide Identification and Expression Analysis of GATA Family Genes in Dimocarpus longan Lour. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:731. [PMID: 38255805 PMCID: PMC10815313 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25020731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2023] [Revised: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
GATA transcription factors, which are DNA-binding proteins with type IV zinc finger binding domains, have a role in transcriptional regulation in biological organisms. They have an indispensable role in the growth and development of plants, as well as in improvements in their ability to face various environmental stresses. To date, GATAs have been identified in many gene families, but the GATA gene in longan (Dimocarpus longan Lour) has not been studied in previous explorations. Various aspects of genes in the longan GATA family, including their identification and classification, the distribution of their positions on chromosomes, their exon/intron structures, a synteny analysis, their expression at different temperatures, concentration of PEG, early developmental stages of somatic embryos and their expression levels in different tissues, and concentrations of exogenous hormones, were investigated in this study. This study showed that the 22 DlGATAs could be divided into four subfamilies. There were 10 pairs of homologous GATA genes in the synteny analysis of DlGATA and AtGATA. Four segmental replication motifs and one pair of tandem duplication events were present among the DlGATA family members. The cis-acting elements located in promoter regions were also found to be enriched with light-responsive elements, which contained related hormone-responsive elements. In somatic embryos, DlGATA4 is upregulated for expression at the globular embryo (GE) stage. We also found that DlGATA expression was strongly up-regulated in roots and stems. The study demonstrated the expression of DlGATA under hormone (ABA and IAA) treatments in embryogenic callus of longan. Under ABA treatment, DlGATA4 was up-regulated and the other DlGATA genes did not respond significantly. Moreover, as demonstrated with qRT-PCR, the expression of DlGATA genes showed strong up-regulated expression levels under 100 μmol·L-1 concentration IAA treatment. This experiment further studied these and simulated their possible connections with a drought response mechanism, while correlating them with their expression under PEG treatment. Overall, this experiment explored the GATA genes and dug into their evolution, structure, function, and expression profile, thus providing more information for a more in-depth study of the characteristics of the GATA family of genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kehui Zheng
- College of Computer and Information Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China;
| | - Jiayue Lu
- College of Juncao Science and Ecology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China;
| | - Xinyu He
- College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China;
| | - Shuoxian Lan
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China;
| | - Tingkai Zhai
- Institute of Horticultural Biotechnology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China;
| | - Shijiang Cao
- College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China;
| | - Yuling Lin
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China;
- Institute of Horticultural Biotechnology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China;
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Rullah K, Shamsudin NF, Koeberle A, Tham CL, Fasihi Mohd Aluwi MF, Leong SW, Jantan I, Lam KW. Flavonoid diversity and roles in the lipopolysaccharide-mediated inflammatory response of monocytes and macrophages. Future Med Chem 2024; 16:75-99. [PMID: 38205612 DOI: 10.4155/fmc-2023-0174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Targeting lipopolysaccharide (LPS)/toll-like receptor 4 signaling in mononuclear phagocytes has been explored for the treatment of inflammation and inflammation-related disorders. However, only a few key targets have been translated into clinical applications. Flavonoids, a class of ubiquitous plant secondary metabolites, possess a privileged scaffold which serves as a valuable template for designing pharmacologically active compounds directed against diseases with inflammatory components. This perspective provides a general overview of the diversity of flavonoids and their multifaceted mechanisms that interfere with LPS-induced signaling in monocytes and macrophages. Focus is placed on flavonoids targeting MD-2, IκB kinases, c-Jun N-terminal kinases, extracellular signal-regulated kinase, p38 MAPK and PI3K/Akt or modulating LPS-related gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamal Rullah
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Kulliyyah of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Malaysia, 25200 Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia
| | - Nur Farisya Shamsudin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Kulliyyah of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Malaysia, 25200 Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia
| | - Andreas Koeberle
- Michael Popp Institute and Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck (CMBI), University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Chau Ling Tham
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Fadhlizil Fasihi Mohd Aluwi
- Faculty of Industrial Sciences and Technology, Universiti Malaysia Pahang Al-Sultan Abdullah, Lebuhraya Tun Razak, 26300 Gambang, Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia
| | - Sze-Wei Leong
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Ibrahim Jantan
- Institute of Systems Biology (INBIOSIS), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Malaysia
| | - Kok Wai Lam
- Centre for Drug & Herbal Development, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, 50300 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Schmutz C, Will F, Varga E, Jaunecker C, Pahlke G, Berger W, Marko D. In Vitro Inhibitory Potential of Different Anthocyanin-Rich Berry Extracts in Murine CT26 Colon Cancer Cells. Molecules 2023; 28:7684. [PMID: 38067418 PMCID: PMC10707341 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28237684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Anti-oxidant, -inflammatory, and -carcinogenic activities of bioactive plant constituents, such as anthocyanins, have been widely discussed in literature. However, the potential interaction of anthocyanin-rich extracts with routinely used chemotherapeutics is still not fully elucidated. In the present study, anthocyanin-rich polyphenol extracts of blackberry (BB), bilberry (Bil), black currant (BC), elderberry (EB), and their respective main anthocyanins (cyanidin-3-O-glucoside, delphinidin-3-O-glucoside, cyanidin-3-O-rutinoside, and cyanidin-3-O-sambubioside) were investigated concerning their cytotoxic and DNA-damaging properties in murine CT26 cells either alone or in combination with the chemotherapeutic agent SN-38. BB exerted potent cytotoxic effects, while Bil, BC, and EB only had marginal effects on cell viability. Single anthocyanins comprised of the extracts could not induce comparable effects. Even though the BB extract further pronounced SN-38-induced cytotoxicity and inhibited cell adhesion at 100-200 µg/mL, no effect on DNA damage was observed. In conclusion, anti-carcinogenic properties of the extracts on CT26 cells could be ranked BB >> BC ≥ Bil ≈ EB. Mechanisms underlying the potent cytotoxic effects are still to be elucidated since the induction of DNA damage does not play a role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cornelia Schmutz
- Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währingerstraße 38-40, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (C.S.); (E.V.); (G.P.)
- Doctoral School in Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währingerstraße 42, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Frank Will
- Department of Beverage Research, Hochschule Geisenheim University, P.O. Box 1154, 65366 Geisenheim, Germany;
| | - Elisabeth Varga
- Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währingerstraße 38-40, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (C.S.); (E.V.); (G.P.)
| | - Carola Jaunecker
- Center for Cancer Research and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Borschkegasse 8a, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (C.J.); (W.B.)
| | - Gudrun Pahlke
- Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währingerstraße 38-40, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (C.S.); (E.V.); (G.P.)
| | - Walter Berger
- Center for Cancer Research and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Borschkegasse 8a, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (C.J.); (W.B.)
| | - Doris Marko
- Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währingerstraße 38-40, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (C.S.); (E.V.); (G.P.)
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Iqubal A, Iqubal MK, Sharma S, Wasim M, Alfaleh MA, Md S, Baboota S, Ali J, Haque SE. Pathogenic mechanisms and therapeutic promise of phytochemicals and nanocarriers based drug delivery against radiotherapy-induced neurotoxic manifestations. Drug Deliv 2022; 29:1492-1511. [PMID: 35543534 PMCID: PMC9103628 DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2022.2064562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiotherapy is one of the extensively used therapeutic modalities in glioblastoma and other types of cancers. Radiotherapy is either used as a first-line approach or combined with pharmacotherapy or surgery to manage and treat cancer. Although the use of radiotherapy significantly increased the survival time of patients, but its use has been reported with marked neuroinflammation and cognitive dysfunction that eventually reduced the quality of life of patients. Based on the preclinical and clinical investigations, the profound role of increased oxidative stress, nuclear translocation of NF-kB, production of proinflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α, IL-6, IL-β, increased level of MMPs, increased apoptosis, reduced angiogenesis, neurogenesis, and histological aberrations in CA1, CA2, CA3 and DG region of the hippocampus have been reported. Various pharmacotherapeutic drugs are being used as an adjuvant to counteract this neurotoxic manifestation. Still, most of these drugs suffer from systemic adverse effect, causes interference to ongoing chemotherapy, and exhibit pharmacokinetic limitations in crossing the blood-brain barrier. Therefore, various phytoconstituents, their nano carrier-based drug delivery systems and miRNAs have been explored to overcome the aforementioned limitations. The present review is focused on the mechanism and evidence of radiotherapy-induced neuroinflammation and cognitive dysfunction, pathological and molecular changes in the brain homeostasis, available adjuvants, their limitations. Additionally, the potential role and mechanism of neuroprotection of various nanocarrier based natural products and miRNAs have been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashif Iqubal
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Mohammad Kashif Iqubal
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India.,Product Development Department, Sentiss Research Centre, Sentiss Pharma Pvt Ltd, Gurugram, India
| | - Sumit Sharma
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Mohd Wasim
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Mohamed A Alfaleh
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,Vaccines and Immunotherapy Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shadab Md
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,Center of Excellence for Drug Research & Pharmaceutical Industries, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sanjula Baboota
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Javed Ali
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Syed Ehtaishamul Haque
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
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The Role of Interferon Regulatory Factors in Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Non-Alcoholic Steatohepatitis. GASTROENTEROLOGY INSIGHTS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/gastroent13020016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is becoming the most common chronic liver disease with many metabolic comorbidities, such as obesity, diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases. Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), an advanced form of NAFLD, accompanies the progression of hepatic steatosis, inflammation, cell death, and varying degree of liver fibrosis. Interferons (IFNs) have been shown to play important roles in the pathogenesis of NAFLD and NASH. Their regulating transcriptional factors such as interferon regulatory factors (IRFs) can regulate IFN expression, as well as genes involved in macrophage polarization, which are implicated in the pathogenesis of NAFLD and advanced liver disease. In this review, the roles of IRF-involved signaling pathways in hepatic inflammation, insulin resistance, and immune cell activation are reviewed. IRFs such as IRF1 and IRF4 are also involved in the polarization of macrophages that contribute to critical roles in NAFLD or NASH pathogenesis. In addition, IRFs have been shown to be regulated by treatments including microRNAs, PPAR modulators, anti-inflammatory agents, and TLR agonists or antagonists. Modulating IRF-mediated factors through these treatments in chronic liver disease can ameliorate the progression of NAFLD to NASH. Furthermore, adenoviruses and CRISPR activation plasmids can also be applied to regulate IRF-mediated effects in chronic liver disease. Pre-clinical and clinical trials for evaluating IRF regulators in NAFLD treatment are essential in the future direction.
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Low Levels of MicroRNA-10a in Cardiovascular Endothelium and Blood Serum Are Related to Human Atherosclerotic Disease. Cardiol Res Pract 2021; 2021:1452917. [PMID: 34336268 PMCID: PMC8298183 DOI: 10.1155/2021/1452917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background MicroRNA-10a (miR-10a) inhibits transcriptional factor GATA6 to repress inflammatory GATA6/VCAM-1 signaling, which is regulated by blood flow to affect endothelial function/dysfunction. This study aimed to identify the expression patterns of miR-10a/GATA6/VCAM-1 in vivo and study their implications in the pathophysiology of human coronary artery disease (CAD), i.e., atherosclerosis. Methods Human atherosclerotic coronary arteries and nondiseased arteries were used to detect the expressions of miR-10a/GATA6/VCAM-1 in pathogenic vs. normal conditions. In addition, sera from CAD patients and healthy subjects were collected to detect the level of circulating miR-10a. Results The comparison of human atherosclerotic coronary arteries with nondiseased arteries demonstrated that lower levels of endothelial miR-10a are related to human atherogenesis. Moreover, GATA6/VCAM-1 (a downstream target of miR-10a) was highly expressed in the endothelium, accompanied by the reduced levels of miR-10a during the development of human atherosclerosis. In addition, CAD patients had a significantly lower concentration of miR-10a in their serum compared to healthy subjects. Conclusions Our findings suggest that low miR-10a and high GATA6/VCAM-1 in the cardiovascular endothelium correlates to the development of human atherosclerotic lesions, suggesting that miR-10a signaling has the potential to be developed as a biomarker for human atherosclerosis.
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Hu C, Peng K, Wu Q, Wang Y, Fan X, Zhang DM, Passerini AG, Sun C. HDAC1 and 2 regulate endothelial VCAM-1 expression and atherogenesis by suppressing methylation of the GATA6 promoter. Am J Cancer Res 2021; 11:5605-5619. [PMID: 33859766 PMCID: PMC8039941 DOI: 10.7150/thno.55878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Increased expression of vascular cell adhesion molecule (VCAM)-1 on the activated arterial endothelial cell (EC) surface critically contributes to atherosclerosis which may in part be regulated by epigenetic mechanisms. This study investigated whether and how the clinically available histone deacetylases 1 and 2 (HDAC1/2) inhibitor drug Romidepsin epigenetically modulates VCAM-1 expression to suppress atherosclerosis. Methods: VCAM-1 expression was analyzed in primary human aortic EC (HAEC) treated with Romidepsin or transfected with HDAC1/2-targeting siRNA. Methylation of GATA6 promoter region was examined with methylation-specific PCR assay. Enrichment of STAT3 to GATA6 promoter was detected with chromatin immunoprecipitation. Lys685Arg mutation was constructed to block STAT3 acetylation. The potential therapeutic effect of Romidepsin on atherosclerosis was evaluated in Apoe-/- mice fed with a high-fat diet. Results: Romidepsin significantly attenuated TNFα-induced VCAM-1 expression on HAEC surface and monocyte adhesion through simultaneous inhibition of HDAC1/2. This downregulation of VCAM-1 was attributable to reduced expression of transcription factor GATA6. Romidepsin enhanced STAT3 acetylation and its binding to DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1), leading to hypermethylation of the GATA6 promoter CpG-rich region at +140/+255. Blocking STAT3 acetylation at Lys685 disrupted DNMT1-STAT3 interaction, decreased GATA6 promoter methylation, and reversed the suppressive effects of HDAC1/2 inhibition on GATA6 and VCAM-1 expression. Finally, intraperitoneal administration of Romidepsin reduced diet-induced atherosclerotic lesion development in Apoe-/- mice, accompanied by a reduction in GATA6/VCAM-1 expression in the aorta. Conclusions: HDAC1/2 contributes to VCAM-1 expression and atherosclerosis by suppressing STAT3 acetylation-dependent GATA6 promoter methylation. These findings may provide a rationale for HDAC1/2-targeting therapy in atherosclerotic heart disease.
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Li Y, Yao L, Zhang L, Zhang Y, Zheng T, Liu L, Zhang L. Enhanced physicochemical stabilities of cyanidin-3-O-glucoside via combination with silk fibroin peptide. Food Chem 2021; 355:129479. [PMID: 33799258 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.129479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Applications of cyanidin-3-O-glucoside (C3G) are limited due to the poor stabilities. In this work, we proposed using silk fibroin peptide (SFP) to bind with C3G and form nanocomposites (134.73 ± 4.51 nm) for stabilization. When interacted with C3G, the fluorescence of SFP contributed by tyrosine and phenylalanine amino acids was quenched, which was proved a static quenching with the β-sheet structure of SFP unchanged. With the further exploration of the physicochemical stabilities of C3G in the nanocomposites, we demonstrated that the tolerance of C3G to the alkaline environment and the retention ratio of C3G in various concentrations of metallic ion Cu2+ were significantly improved. In addition, the heat resistance of C3G in SFP at 80 °C was also enhanced with up to an increase of 2.5 times for the average half-life of C3G. Our results shed light on SFP could enhance physicochemical stabilities of C3G with maintaining its antioxidant activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanwei Li
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Liang Yao
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Liwei Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Institute for Advanced Materials, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yeshun Zhang
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China; Sericultural Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Tao Zheng
- Innovation Academy for Green Manufacture, Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
| | - Lei Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Institute for Advanced Materials, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China; Sericultural Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China.
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A Novel STAT3-Mediated GATA6 Pathway Contributes to tert-Butylhydroquinone- (tBHQ-) Protected TNF α-Activated Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule 1 (VCAM-1) in Vascular Endothelium. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:6584059. [PMID: 33274004 PMCID: PMC7683157 DOI: 10.1155/2020/6584059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Revised: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The activation of vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM-1) in vascular endothelial cells has been well considered implicating in the initiation and processing of atherosclerosis. Oxidative stress is mechanistically involved in proatherosclerotic cytokine-induced VCAM-1 activation. tert-Butylhydroquinone (tBHQ), a synthetic phenolic antioxidant used for preventing lipid peroxidation of food, possesses strongly antioxidant capacity against oxidative stress-induced dysfunction in various pathological process. Here, we investigated the protective role of tBHQ on tumor necrosis factor alpha- (TNFα-) induced VCAM-1 activation in both aortic endothelium of mice and cultured human vascular endothelial cells and uncovered its potential mechanisms. Our data showed that tBHQ treatment significantly reversed TNFα-induced activation of VCAM-1 at both transcriptional and protein levels. The mechanistic study revealed that inhibiting neither nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2) nor autophagy blocked the beneficial role of tBHQ. Alternatively, tBHQ intervention markedly alleviated TNFα-increased GATA-binding protein 6 (GATA6) mRNA and protein expressions and its translocation into nucleus. Further investigation indicated that tBHQ-inhibited signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) but not mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway contributed to its protective role against VCAM-1 activation via regulating GATA6. Collectively, our data demonstrated that tBHQ prevented TNFα-activated VCAM-1 via a novel STAT3/GATA6-involved pathway. tBHQ could be a potential candidate for the prevention of proatherosclerotic cytokine-caused inflammatory response and further dysfunctions in vascular endothelium.
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Del Bo' C, Marino M, Riso P, Møller P, Porrini M. Anthocyanins and metabolites resolve TNF-α-mediated production of E-selectin and adhesion of monocytes to endothelial cells. Chem Biol Interact 2019; 300:49-55. [PMID: 30611791 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2019.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Revised: 12/12/2018] [Accepted: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the capacity of an anthocyanin-rich fraction (ACN-RF) from blueberry, single anthocyanins (cyanidin, delphinidin and malvidin-3-glucoside; Cy, Dp and Mv-3-glc) and related metabolites (protocatechuic, gallic and syringic acid; PrA, GA and SA) to resolve an inflammation-driven adhesion of monocytes (THP-1) on endothelial cell (HUVECs) and secretion of cell adhesion molecules E-selectin and vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM-1). The adhesion of THP-1 to HUVECs was induced by tumour necrosis factor α (TNF-α, 100 ng mL-1). Subsequently, ACN-RF, single ACNs and metabolites (from 0.01 to 10 μg mL-1) were incubated for 24 h. The adhesion was measured in a fluorescence spectrophotometer. E-selectin and VCAM-1 were quantified by ELISA. No toxicological effects were observed for the compounds and the doses tested. ACN-RF and Mv-3-glc reducedTHP-1 adhesion at all the concentrations with the maximum effect at 10 μg/ml (-60.2% for ACNs and-33.9% for Mv-3-glc). Cy-3-glc decreased the adhesion by about 41.8% at 10 μg mL-1, while PrA and GA reduced the adhesion of THP-1 to HUVECs both at 1 and at 10 μg mL-1 (-29.5% and -44.3% for PrA, respectively, and -18.0%and -59.3% for GA, respectively). At the same concentrations a significant reduction of E-selectin, but notVCAM-1 levels, was documented. No effect was observed following Dp-3-glc and SA supplementation. Overall, ACNs and metabolites seem to resolve, in a dose-dependent manner, the inflammation-driven adhesion of THP-1 to HUVECs by decreasing E-selectin concentrations. Interestingly, Mv-3-glc was active at physiologically relevant concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristian Del Bo'
- Università degli Studi di Milano, Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences- Division of Human Nutrition, Milan, Italy
| | - Mirko Marino
- Università degli Studi di Milano, Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences- Division of Human Nutrition, Milan, Italy
| | - Patrizia Riso
- Università degli Studi di Milano, Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences- Division of Human Nutrition, Milan, Italy.
| | - Peter Møller
- University of Copenhagen, Department of Public Health, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Marisa Porrini
- Università degli Studi di Milano, Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences- Division of Human Nutrition, Milan, Italy
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Qin X, Yuan D, Wang Q, Hu Z, Wu Y, Cai J, Huang Q, Li S, Liu G. Maillard-Reacted Whey Protein Isolates Enhance Thermal Stability of Anthocyanins over a Wide pH Range. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2018; 66:9556-9564. [PMID: 30107731 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b03125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The poor thermal and acid stabilities of anthocyanins greatly limit their industrial applications as functional food ingredients. This work investigated the ability of the Maillard reaction products (MRPs) of whey protein isolates and glucose to enhance the thermal stability of anthocyanins over the pH range of 2.0-7.0. Anthocyanin dispersions were subjected to up to 120 min of thermal treatment at 80 °C. The improvement in the color stability and antioxidant capacity of the anthocyanin dispersions indicated that MRP remarkably inhibited anthocyanin degradation. Fluorescence spectroscopy results suggested that anthocyanins and MRPs form complexes through hydrophobic interactions. These complexes effectively attenuated anthocyanin degradation under heat treatment at pH 6.0. The particle sizes of MRPs alone or in complex with anthocyanins remained unchanged after heating. The novel protein delivery system proposed in this study expands the applications of anthocyanins as acid- and heat-stable functional food ingredients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinguang Qin
- College of Food Science and Engineering , Wuhan Polytechnic University , Wuhan , People's Republic of China 430023
| | - Dan Yuan
- College of Food Science and Engineering , Wuhan Polytechnic University , Wuhan , People's Republic of China 430023
| | - Qi Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering , Wuhan Polytechnic University , Wuhan , People's Republic of China 430023
| | - Zhongze Hu
- College of Food Science and Engineering , Wuhan Polytechnic University , Wuhan , People's Republic of China 430023
| | - Yang Wu
- College of Food Science and Engineering , Wuhan Polytechnic University , Wuhan , People's Republic of China 430023
| | - Jie Cai
- College of Food Science and Engineering , Wuhan Polytechnic University , Wuhan , People's Republic of China 430023
| | - Qingrong Huang
- Department of Food Science , Rutgers University , 65 Dudley Road , New Brunswick , New Jersey 08901 , United States
| | - Shuyi Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering , Wuhan Polytechnic University , Wuhan , People's Republic of China 430023
| | - Gang Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering , Wuhan Polytechnic University , Wuhan , People's Republic of China 430023
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Cytokine-induced autophagy promotes long-term VCAM-1 but not ICAM-1 expression by degrading late-phase IκBα. Sci Rep 2017; 7:12472. [PMID: 28963466 PMCID: PMC5622139 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-12641-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2017] [Accepted: 09/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Pro-inflammatory cytokines are known to induce endothelial cell autophagy, but the role of autophagy in regulating the expression of pro-inflammatory molecules has not been characterized. We hypothesized that autophagy facilitates expression of endothelial adhesion molecules. TNFα and IL-1β induced autophagy markers in human umbilical vein endothelial cells and inhibition of autophagy by 3-methyladenine (3-MA) blocked adhesion of Jurkat lymphocytes. Interestingly, 3-MA suppressed VCAM-1 but not ICAM-1 expression at 24 hours but not 6 hours. 3-MA suppressed VCAM-1 transcription and decreased nuclear NF-κB p65 level at 6 hours but not at 2 hours. Cytokines induced a biphasic degradation of IκBα and 3-MA selectively blocked the late-phase IκBα degradation. Our results suggest that cytokine-induced autophagy contributes to late-phase IκBα degradation, facilitates NF-κB nuclear translocation and VCAM-1 transcription for long-term VCAM-1 expression. With a cytokines array assay, we found that 3-MA also inhibited IP-10 expression. These findings provide new information about the role of endothelial autophagy in persistent expression of VCAM-1 and IP-10 which enhance lymphocyte recruitment and adhesion to endothelium.
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Dai T, Shi K, Chen G, Shen Y, Pan T. Malvidin attenuates pain and inflammation in rats with osteoarthritis by suppressing NF-κB signaling pathway. Inflamm Res 2017; 66:1075-1084. [DOI: 10.1007/s00011-017-1087-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2017] [Revised: 08/08/2017] [Accepted: 08/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
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16
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Dinda B, Kyriakopoulos AM, Dinda S, Zoumpourlis V, Thomaidis NS, Velegraki A, Markopoulos C, Dinda M. Cornus mas L. (cornelian cherry), an important European and Asian traditional food and medicine: Ethnomedicine, phytochemistry and pharmacology for its commercial utilization in drug industry. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2016; 193:670-690. [PMID: 27705748 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2016.09.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2016] [Revised: 09/17/2016] [Accepted: 09/20/2016] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Cornus mas L. (cornelian cherry) fruits have been used for centuries as traditional cuisine and folk medicine in various countries of Europe and Asia. In folk medicines, the fruits and other parts of the plant have been used for prevention and treatment of a wide range of diseases such as diabetes, diarrhea, gastrointestinal disorders, fevers, rheumatic pain, skin and urinary tract infections, kidney and liver diseases, sunstroke, among others. This review provides a systematic and constructive overview of ethnomedicinal uses, chemical constituents and pharmacological activities of this plant as well as future research need for its commercial utilization as nutraceutical food supplement and medicine. MATERIALS AND METHODS This review is based on available literature on ethnomedicinal uses, phytochemical, pharmacological, toxicity and clinical studies on Cornus mas L. (cornelian cherry) fruits and other organs that was collected from electronic (SciFinder, PubMed, Science Direct and ACS among others) and library searches of books and journals. RESULTS Versatile ethnomedicinal uses of the plant in different European and Asian countries have been reported. Phytochemical investigations on different parts of this plant have resulted in the identification of 101 compounds, among which anthocyanins, flavonoids and iridoids are the predominant groups. The crude extracts of fruits and other parts of the plant and their pure isolates exhibit a broad spectrum of pharmacological activities such as anti-microbial, anti-diabetic, anti-atherosclerotic, cyto-, hepato-, neuro- and renalprotective, antiplatelet and antiglaucomic activities. Anthocyanins, flavonoids, iridoids and vitamin C are the major bioactive constituents of the fruits. Fruits are non-toxic and safe food on acute toxicity studies in rat and human models. Clinical trials in diabetic type2 and hyperlipidemic patients showed significant trends of amelioration in sugar level, insulin secretion in diabetic patients and amelioration of lipid profile, apolipoprotein status and vascular inflammation in hyperlipidemic patients. CONCLUSION Based on our review, Cornus mas L. (cornelian cherry) fruits and leaves can be used mainly in the treatment of diabetes, obesity, atherosclerosis, skin diseases, gastrointestinal and rheumatic problems. Some indications from ethnomedicines have been validated by pharmacological activities of the fruits and its extracts/pure isolates. The reported data reveal that the fruits are a potential source for treatment of diabetes, obesity, hyperlipidemia and gastrointestinal disorders. Unfortunately, the pharmacological studies in these areas are still insufficient to substantiate these preventive effects in confirmatory trials on the mass-scale clinical settings. Future studies on mechanisms of action, bioavailability, pharmacokinetics and adverse effects of the extracts and their bioactive constituents as well as their effective doses and long term toxic effects in humans are needed for commercial applications of these extracts/isolates in modern medicines. The available literature showed that most of the activities of the extracts are due to their constituents, anthocyanins, flavonoids and other phenolics, iridoids and vitamins for their antioxidant and other properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biswanath Dinda
- Department of Chemistry, Tripura University, Suryamaninagar 799022, Tripura, India.
| | | | - Subhajit Dinda
- Department of Chemistry, Dasaratha Deb Memorial College, Khowai 799201, Tripura, India
| | - Vassilis Zoumpourlis
- Biomedical Application Unit, Institute of Biology, Medicinal Chemistry & Biotechnology, NHRF, 48 Vassileos Constantinou Ave., Athens, Greece
| | - Nikolaos S Thomaidis
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis Zografou, Athens, 15771 Greece
| | - Aristea Velegraki
- Mycology Laboratory, School of Medicine, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens 11527, Greece
| | | | - Manikarna Dinda
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia, School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
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Kuntz S, Kunz C, Domann E, Würdemann N, Unger F, Römpp A, Rudloff S. Inhibition of Low-Grade Inflammation by Anthocyanins after Microbial Fermentation in Vitro. Nutrients 2016; 8:nu8070411. [PMID: 27384582 PMCID: PMC4963887 DOI: 10.3390/nu8070411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2016] [Revised: 06/16/2016] [Accepted: 06/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The anti-inflammatory effects of anthocyanins (ACNs) on vascular functions are discussed controversially because of their low bioavailability. This study was performed to determine whether microorganism (MO)-fermented ACNs influence vascular inflammation in vitro. Therefore, MO growth media were supplemented with an ACN-rich grape/berry extract and growth responses of Escherichia coli, E. faecalis and H. alvei, as well as ACN fermentation were observed. MO supernatants were used for measuring the anti-inflammatory effect of MO-fermented ACNs in an epithelial-endothelial co-culture transwell system. After basolateral enrichment (240 min), endothelial cells were stimulated immediately or after 20 h with TNF-α. Afterwards, leukocyte adhesion, expression of adhesion molecules and cytokine release were measured. Results indicate that E. coli, E. faecalis and H. alvei utilized ACNs differentially concomitant with different anti-inflammatory effects. Whereas E. coli utilized ACNs completely, no anti-inflammatory effects of fermented ACNs were observed on activated endothelial cells. In contrast, ACN metabolites generated by E. faecalis and H. alvei significantly attenuated low-grade stimulated leukocyte adhesion, the expression of adhesion molecules E-selectin, VCAM-1 and ICAM-1 and cytokine secretion (IL-8 and IL-6), as well as NF-κB mRNA expression with a more pronounced effect of E. faecalis than H. alvei. Thus, MO-fermented ACNs have the potential to reduce inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Kuntz
- Department of Pediatrics, Justus Liebig University, Feulgenstrasse 12, Giessen D-35392, Germany.
| | - Clemens Kunz
- Institute of Nutritional Science, Justus Liebig University, Wilhelmstrasse 20, Giessen D-35392, Germany.
| | - Eugen Domann
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, German Centre for Infection Research, DZIF Partner Site Giessen-Marburg-Langen, Justus Liebig University, Schubertstrasse 81, Giessen D-35392, Germany.
| | - Nora Würdemann
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, German Centre for Infection Research, DZIF Partner Site Giessen-Marburg-Langen, Justus Liebig University, Schubertstrasse 81, Giessen D-35392, Germany.
| | - Franziska Unger
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Justus Liebig University, Schubertstrasse 60, Giessen D-35392, Germany.
| | - Andreas Römpp
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Justus Liebig University, Schubertstrasse 60, Giessen D-35392, Germany.
- Chair of Bioanalytical Sciences and Food Analysis, University of Bayreuth, Frankengut D-95703, Germany.
| | - Silvia Rudloff
- Department of Pediatrics, Justus Liebig University, Feulgenstrasse 12, Giessen D-35392, Germany.
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Jhan JK, Chung YC, Chen GH, Chang CH, Lu YC, Hsu CK. Anthocyanin contents in the seed coat of black soya bean and their anti-human tyrosinase activity and antioxidative activity. Int J Cosmet Sci 2016; 38:319-24. [PMID: 26663436 DOI: 10.1111/ics.12300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2015] [Accepted: 12/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The seed coat of black soya bean (SCBS) contains high amount of anthocyanins and shows antioxidant and anti-mushroom tyrosinase activities. The objectives of this study were to analyse the anthocyanins in SCBS with different solvents and to find the relationship between anthocyanin profile with anti-human and anti-mushroom tyrosinase activities. METHODS SCBS was extracted with hot water, 50 and 80% ethanol, 50 and 80% acetone and 50 and 80% acidified acetone. Total phenol and total flavonoid contents in the extracts were determined. Anthocyanins in the extracts were analysed using HPLC and LC/MS/MS. A genetically engineered human tyrosinase was used to evaluate the anti-tyrosinase potential of the extracts from SCBS. RESULTS 80% acetone extract from SCBS obtained the highest total phenol, total flavonoid and cyanidin-3-O-glucoside (C3G) contents among all the extracts, whereas the hot water extract showed the lowest antioxidant contents. Three anthocyanin compounds were found in all the extracts from SCBS, and the analysis of HPLC and LC/MS/MS indicated that they were C3G, delphinidin-3-O-glucoside (D3G) and peonidin-3-O-glucoside (P3G). The ratios of C3G (2.84 mg g(-1) ), D3G (0.34 mg g(-1) ) and P3G (0.35 mg g(-1) ) in 80% acidified acetone extract were 76.6, 9.1 and 9.3%, respectively. All the extracts from SCBS possessed anti-human tyrosinase activity. Moreover, a good correlation was found between the anti-human tyrosinase activities and C3G contents in the extracts. CONCLUSION Antioxidants in SCBS also possess anti-human and anti-mushroom tyrosinase activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- J-K Jhan
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Providence University, 200, Sec. 7, Taiwan Boulevard, Shalu Dist., Taichung City, 43301, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Y-C Chung
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Providence University, 200, Sec. 7, Taiwan Boulevard, Shalu Dist., Taichung City, 43301, Taiwan, ROC
| | - G-H Chen
- Department of Cosmetic Science, Providence University, 200, Sec. 7, Taiwan Boulevard, Shalu Dist., Taichung City, 43301, Taiwan, ROC
| | - C-H Chang
- Department of Food Science, National Chiayi University, 300 Syuefu Rd, Chiayi City, 60004, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Y-C Lu
- Department of Food Science, National Chiayi University, 300 Syuefu Rd, Chiayi City, 60004, Taiwan, ROC
| | - C-K Hsu
- Department of Food Science, National Chiayi University, 300 Syuefu Rd, Chiayi City, 60004, Taiwan, ROC
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Cassidy A, Rogers G, Peterson JJ, Dwyer JT, Lin H, Jacques PF. Higher dietary anthocyanin and flavonol intakes are associated with anti-inflammatory effects in a population of US adults. Am J Clin Nutr 2015; 102:172-81. [PMID: 26016863 PMCID: PMC4480670 DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.115.108555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2015] [Accepted: 04/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although growing evidence from trials and population-based studies has supported a protective role for flavonoids in relation to risk of certain chronic diseases, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Several previous studies focused on individual inflammatory biomarkers, but because of the limited specificity of any individual marker, an assessment of a combination of biomarkers may be more informative. OBJECTIVE We used an inflammation score (IS) that integrated 12 individual inflammatory biomarkers for the examination of associations with intakes of different flavonoid classes. DESIGN The study was a cross-sectional analysis of 2375 Framingham Heart Study Offspring Cohort participants. Intakes of total flavonoids and their classes (anthocyanins, flavonols, flavanones, flavan-3-ols, polymers, and flavones) were calculated from validated food-frequency questionnaires. Individual inflammatory biomarkers were ranked, standardized, and summed to derive an overall IS and subgroup scores of functionally related biomarkers. RESULTS In multivariate analyses, an inverse association between higher anthocyanin and flavonol intakes and IS was observed with a mean ± SE difference between quintile categories 5 and 1 of -1.48 ± 0.32 (P-trend ≤ 0.001) and -0.72 ± 0.33 (P-trend = 0.01), respectively. Results remained significant after additional adjustment for physical activity and vitamin C and fruit and vegetable intakes. Higher anthocyanin intake was inversely associated with all biomarker subgroups, whereas higher flavonol intake was associated only with lower cytokine and oxidative stress biomarker concentrations. In food-based analyses, higher intakes of apples and pears, red wine, and strawberries were associated with a lower IS with differences between quintiles 5 and 1 of -1.02 ± 0.43 (P = 0.006), -1.73 ± 0.39 (P < 0.001), and -0.44 ± 0.88 (P = 0.02), respectively. Although intakes of other classes were not associated with a reduction in overall IS, higher intakes of flavan-3-ols and their polymers were associated with a significant reduction in oxidative stress biomarkers. CONCLUSION These findings provide evidence to suggest that an anti-inflammatory effect may be a key component underlying the reduction in risk of certain chronic diseases associated with higher intakes of anthocyanins and flavonols. The Framingham Offspring Study was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT00005121 (Framingham Heart Study).
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Affiliation(s)
- Aedin Cassidy
- Department of Nutrition, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Gail Rogers
- Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging and
| | - Julia J Peterson
- The Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA
| | - Johanna T Dwyer
- Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging and The Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA; Tufts University School of Medicine and Frances Stern Nutrition Center, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA; and
| | - Honghuang Lin
- Section of Computational Biomedicine, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA
| | - Paul F Jacques
- Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging and The Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA;
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20
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Amin HP, Czank C, Raheem S, Zhang Q, Botting NP, Cassidy A, Kay CD. Anthocyanins and their physiologically relevant metabolites alter the expression of IL-6 and VCAM-1 in CD40L and oxidized LDL challenged vascular endothelial cells. Mol Nutr Food Res 2015; 59:1095-106. [PMID: 25787755 PMCID: PMC4950056 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201400803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2014] [Revised: 02/19/2015] [Accepted: 02/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
SCOPE In vitro and in vivo studies suggest that dietary anthocyanins modulate cardiovascular disease risk; however, given anthocyanins extensive metabolism, it is likely that their degradation products and conjugated metabolites are responsible for this reported bioactivity. METHODS AND RESULTS Human vascular endothelial cells were stimulated with either oxidized LDL (oxLDL) or cluster of differentiation 40 ligand (CD40L) and cotreated with cyanidin-3-glucoside and 11 of its recently identified metabolites, at 0.1, 1, and 10 μM concentrations. Protein and gene expression of IL-6 and VCAM-1 was quantified by ELISA and RT-qPCR. In oxLDL-stimulated cells the parent anthocyanin had no effect on IL-6 production, whereas numerous anthocyanin metabolites significantly reduced IL-6 protein levels; phase II conjugates of protocatechuic acid produced the greatest effects (>75% reduction, p ≤ 0.05). In CD40L-stimulated cells the anthocyanin and its phase II metabolites reduced IL-6 protein production, where protocatechuic acid-4-sulfate induced the greatest reduction (>96% reduction, p ≤ 0.03). Similarly, the anthocyanin and its metabolites reduced VCAM-1 protein production, with ferulic acid producing the greatest effect (>65% reduction, p ≤ 0.04). CONCLUSION These novel data provide evidence to suggest that anthocyanin metabolites are bioactive at physiologically relevant concentrations and have the potential to modulate cardiovascular disease progression by altering the expression of inflammatory mediators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiren P Amin
- Department of Nutrition, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | - Charles Czank
- Department of Nutrition, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | - Saki Raheem
- Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Westminster, London, UK
| | - Qingzhi Zhang
- School of Chemistry St. Andrews University, Fife, Scotland, UK
| | - Nigel P Botting
- School of Chemistry St. Andrews University, Fife, Scotland, UK
| | - Aedín Cassidy
- Department of Nutrition, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | - Colin D Kay
- Department of Nutrition, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
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21
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Jung H, Lee HJ, Cho H, Hwang KT. Anti-Inflammatory Activities of R
ubus
Fruit Anthocyanins in Inflamed Human Intestinal Epithelial Cells. J Food Biochem 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.12130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hana Jung
- Department of Food and Nutrition; Research Institute of Human Ecology; Seoul National University; Seoul 151-742 Korea
| | - Hee Jae Lee
- Department of Food and Nutrition; Research Institute of Human Ecology; Seoul National University; Seoul 151-742 Korea
| | - Hyunnho Cho
- Department of Food and Nutrition; Research Institute of Human Ecology; Seoul National University; Seoul 151-742 Korea
| | - Keum Taek Hwang
- Department of Food and Nutrition; Research Institute of Human Ecology; Seoul National University; Seoul 151-742 Korea
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22
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Vendrame S, Klimis-Zacas D. Anti-inflammatory effect of anthocyanins via modulation of nuclear factor- B and mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling cascades. Nutr Rev 2015; 73:348-58. [DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuu066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
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de Ferrars RM, Czank C, Zhang Q, Botting NP, Kroon PA, Cassidy A, Kay CD. The pharmacokinetics of anthocyanins and their metabolites in humans. Br J Pharmacol 2015; 171:3268-82. [PMID: 24602005 PMCID: PMC4080980 DOI: 10.1111/bph.12676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 364] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2013] [Revised: 02/24/2014] [Accepted: 03/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Anthocyanins are phytochemicals with reported vasoactive bioactivity. However, given their instability at neutral pH, they are presumed to undergo significant degradation and subsequent biotransformation. The aim of the present study was to establish the pharmacokinetics of the metabolites of cyanidin-3-glucoside (C3G), a widely consumed dietary phytochemical with potential cardioprotective properties. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH A 500 mg oral bolus dose of 6,8,10,3′,5′-13C5-C3G was fed to eight healthy male participants, followed by a 48 h collection (0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 6, 24, 48 h) of blood, urine and faecal samples. Samples were analysed by HPLC-ESI-MS/MS with elimination kinetics established using non-compartmental pharmacokinetic modelling. KEY RESULTS Seventeen 13C-labelled compounds were identified in the serum, including 13C5-C3G, its degradation products, protocatechuic acid (PCA) and phloroglucinaldehyde (PGA), 13 metabolites of PCA and 1 metabolite derived from PGA. The maximal concentrations of the phenolic metabolites (Cmax) ranged from 10 to 2000 nM, between 2 and 30 h (tmax) post-consumption, with half-lives of elimination observed between 0.5 and 96 h. The major phenolic metabolites identified were hippuric acid and ferulic acid, which peaked in the serum at approximately 16 and 8 h respectively. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Anthocyanins are metabolized to a structurally diverse range of metabolites that exhibit dynamic kinetic profiles. Understanding the elimination kinetics of these metabolites is key to the design of future studies examining their utility in dietary interventions or as therapeutics for disease risk reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- R M de Ferrars
- Department of Nutrition, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
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24
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Antioxidant and antiinflammatory activities of cyanidin-3-glucoside and cyanidin-3-rutinoside in hydrogen peroxide and lipopolysaccharide-treated RAW264.7 cells. Food Sci Biotechnol 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s10068-014-0279-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
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25
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Wu J, Guan Y, Zhong Q. Yeast mannoproteins improve thermal stability of anthocyanins at pH 7.0. Food Chem 2014; 172:121-8. [PMID: 25442532 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2014.09.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2014] [Revised: 07/29/2014] [Accepted: 09/11/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Anthocyanins are food colourants with strong antioxidant activities, but poor thermal stability limits their application in neutral foods. In the present study, impacts of yeast mannoproteins on the thermal stability of anthocyanins were studied at pH 7.0. The degradation of anthocyanins at 80 and 126 °C followed first order kinetics, and the addition of mannoproteins reduced the degradation rate constant and increased the half-life by 4 to 5-fold. After heating at 80 and 126 °C for 30 min, mannoproteins improved the colour stability of anthocyanins by 4 to 5-fold and maintained the antioxidant capacity of anthocyanins. Visible light absorption, fluorescence spectroscopy, and zeta-potential results suggest that anthocyanins bound with the protein moiety of mannoproteins by hydrophobic interactions, and that the inclusion of anthocyanins in complexes effectively reduced the thermal degradation at pH 7.0. Therefore, mannoproteins may expand the application of anthocyanins as natural colours or functional ingredients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jine Wu
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Processing of Agricultural Products, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China; Department of Food Science and Technology, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
| | - Yongguang Guan
- Department of Food Science and Technology, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
| | - Qixin Zhong
- Department of Food Science and Technology, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA.
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The transcription factor IRF1 dictates the IL-21-dependent anticancer functions of TH9 cells. Nat Immunol 2014; 15:758-66. [PMID: 24973819 DOI: 10.1038/ni.2925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2014] [Accepted: 05/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The TH9 subset of helper T cells was initially shown to contribute to the induction of autoimmune and allergic diseases, but subsequent evidence has suggested that these cells also exert antitumor activities. However, the molecular events that account for their effector properties are elusive. Here we found that the transcription factor IRF1 enhanced the effector function of TH9 cells and dictated their anticancer properties. Under TH9-skewing conditions, interleukin 1β (IL-1β) induced phosphorylation of the transcription factor STAT1 and subsequent expression of IRF1, which bound to the promoters of Il9 and Il21 and enhanced secretion of the cytokines IL-9 and IL-21 from TH9 cells. Furthermore, IL-1β-induced TH9 cells exerted potent anticancer functions in an IRF1- and IL-21-dependent manner. Our findings thus identify IRF1 as a target for controlling the function of TH9 cells.
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PINK1 and its familial Parkinson's disease-associated mutation regulate brain vascular endothelial inflammation. J Mol Neurosci 2014; 53:109-16. [PMID: 24385196 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-013-0207-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2013] [Accepted: 12/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a debilitating disorder that affects movement. Inflammation-mediated endothelial dysfunction has been found to be involved in neurodegenerative diseases, including PD. More than 40 PTEN-induced putative kinase 1 (PINK1) mutations have been found in PD patients. The effects of PINK1 in vascular inflammation are as yet unknown. In this study, our findings revealed that PINK1 can be increased by the inflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor-α in primary human brain microvascular endothelial cells (HBMECs). We found that wild-type PINK1 prevents expression of the adhesion molecule vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), thus inhibiting the attachment of monocytes to brain endothelial cells. However, PINK1G309D, the loss-of-function mutation associated with early-onset familial PD, promotes expression of VCAM-1 and exacerbates attachment of monocytes to brain endothelial cells. Mechanism studies revealed that overexpression of wild-type PINK1 inhibits the VCAM-1 promoter by inhibiting the transcriptional activity of interferon regulatory factor 1 (IRF-1). However, PINK1G309D promotes the VCAM-1 promoter by increasing the transcriptional activity of IRF-1.
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Huang WY, Wang J, Liu YM, Zheng QS, Li CY. Inhibitory effect of Malvidin on TNF-α-induced inflammatory response in endothelial cells. Eur J Pharmacol 2013; 723:67-72. [PMID: 24333549 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2013.11.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2013] [Revised: 11/22/2013] [Accepted: 11/22/2013] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Vascular inflammatory responses are key mediators of endothelial dysfunction that leads to various pathologies in many diseases including atherosclerosis and cancer. The purpose of the study was to investigate the effects and molecular mechanisms of Malvidin, a natural pigment with strong antioxidant activity, on regulating inflammatory response in endothelial cells. Our results showed that tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) significantly increased the protein or mRNA levels of monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1), intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), whereas pretreatment with Malvidin inhibited TNF-α-induced increases of MCP-1, ICAM-1, and VCAM-1 production in a concentration-dependent manner. In addition, Malvidin could inhibit degradation of IκBα and the nuclear translocation of p65, which suggesting the anti-inflammation mechanism of Malvidin by the nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) pathway. These results indicate the potential role of Malvidin in preventing chronic inflammation in many diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wu-Yang Huang
- Department of Functional Food and Bio-active Compounds, Institute of Farm Product Processing, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Science, Nanjing 210014, PR China
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Functional Food and Bio-active Compounds, Institute of Farm Product Processing, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Science, Nanjing 210014, PR China; College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Ya-Mei Liu
- National Technical Research Centre of Veterinary Biological Products, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Science, Nanjing 210014, PR China
| | - Qi-Sheng Zheng
- National Technical Research Centre of Veterinary Biological Products, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Science, Nanjing 210014, PR China
| | - Chun-Yang Li
- Department of Functional Food and Bio-active Compounds, Institute of Farm Product Processing, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Science, Nanjing 210014, PR China.
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Hsu CK, Lin WH, Yang HW. Influence of preheating on antioxidant activity of the water extract from black soybean and color and sensory properties of black soybean decoction. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2013; 93:3883-90. [PMID: 23983077 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.6373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2013] [Revised: 08/16/2013] [Accepted: 08/23/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Our previous study indicated that black soybean (BS) tea (BST) made from preheated BS showed a significant protective effect against CCl4 -induced liver damage in Sprague Dawley rats due to BS's antioxidant activity. In this study, we investigated three different preheating methods on the antioxidant activity of water extract from BS (WBS) (Glycine max (L.) Merrill), as well as on the color and sensory properties of BST. RESULTS WBS baked at 130 °C for 5 min showed high total phenol, flavonoid and anthocyanin contents among three preheating methods, as well as high DPPH radical-scavenging activity, ferrous ion chelating ability and reducing power. BST baked at 130 °C for 5 min had higher polyphenol oxidase activity and L*, a* and b* values but lower peroxidase activity then BST made from unheated BS. Sensory evaluation indicated that BST made from baked BS produced better aroma and flavor than the tea made from unheated BS or a commercial preheated BS. CONCLUSION An appropriate preheating process improved the amount of extractable antioxidant and the antioxidant activity in WBS. BST baked at 130 °C for 5 min had good flavor properties, as well as high amount of antioxidant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Kuang Hsu
- Department of Food Science, National Chiayi University, Chiayi City, 60004, Taiwan, Republic of China
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Investigation of the lipid-modifying and antiinflammatory effects of Cornus mas L. supplementation on dyslipidemic children and adolescents. Pediatr Cardiol 2013; 34:1729-35. [PMID: 23625305 DOI: 10.1007/s00246-013-0693-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2013] [Accepted: 03/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Cornus mas L. (CM) fruits are rich in anthocyanins and possess both antiinflammatory and antioxidant activities. The current study was conducted to investigate whether supplementation with CM could ameliorate lipid profile and vascular inflammation in dyslipidemic children and adolescents. In this randomized clinical trial, 40 dyslipidemic children and adolescents ages 9 to 16 years were assigned to receive 50 g of CM twice a day after lunch and dinner (n = 20, case group) or to continue their normal diet (n = 20, control group). The serum levels of total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), triglycerides (TG), apo A-I, apo B, intracellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), C-reactive protein (CRP), and anthropometric indices were determined at baseline and then after weeks 3 and 6 of the trial. After week 6 of the trial, the TC, TG, LDL-C, apo B, ICAM-1, and VCAM-1 levels in the CM group were significantly lower and the HDL-C and apo A-I levels higher than at baseline. After week 6 of the trial, none of these parameters in the control group, except for ICAM-1, was significantly altered from baseline. However, between-group comparison showed a significant difference only for apo A-I (p = 0.016) and a borderline significant difference for ICAM-1 (p = 0.076). No significant difference in body mass index, waist-to-hip ratio, or C-reactive protein was observed between the studied groups. The present findings revealed a trend toward amelioration of lipid profile and vascular inflammation following addition of CM to the daily diet of dyslipidemic children and adolescents but this needs to be verified by larger scale trials.
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Lacal PM, Petrillo MG, Ruffini F, Muzi A, Bianchini R, Ronchetti S, Migliorati G, Riccardi C, Graziani G, Nocentini G. Glucocorticoid-Induced Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor Family-Related Ligand Triggering Upregulates Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 and Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 and Promotes Leukocyte Adhesion. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2013; 347:164-72. [DOI: 10.1124/jpet.113.207605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
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Marotte H, Tsou PS, Rabquer BJ, Pinney AJ, Fedorova T, Lalwani N, Koch AE. Blocking of interferon regulatory factor 1 reduces tumor necrosis factor α-induced interleukin-18 bioactivity in rheumatoid arthritis synovial fibroblasts by induction of interleukin-18 binding protein a: role of the nuclear interferon regulatory factor 1-NF-κB-c-jun complex. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 63:3253-62. [PMID: 21834067 DOI: 10.1002/art.30583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the role of interferon regulatory factor 1 (IRF-1) in tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα)-induced interleukin-18 binding protein a (IL-18BPa) expression in rheumatoid arthritis synovial fibroblasts (RASFs). METHODS TNFα-induced IRF-1 expression was assessed by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting. The effect of TNFα on IRF-1 was assessed using nuclear and cytoplasmic extracts, Western blots, and immunofluorescence. Chemical inhibitors of NF-κB or MAP kinases were used to analyze the signaling pathways of TNFα-induced IRF-1 expression and IRF-1 nuclear translocation. Control and IRF-1 small interfering RNA (siRNA) were used to analyze the effect of IRF-1 down-regulation on TNFα-induced IL-18BP expression. IL-18BPa expression was assessed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and IL-18 was assessed at the transcription and bioactivity levels using KG-1 cells. RESULTS TNFα induced RASF IRF-1 expression at the messenger RNA and protein levels, with a maximal effect at 2 hours (P < 0.05; n ≥ 3). Furthermore, TNFα induced nuclear translocation of IRF-1, with maximal translocation at 2 hours (∼6 fold-induction) (P < 0.05; n = 4). Blocking of the NF-κB or JNK-2 pathways reduced TNFα-induced IRF-1 nuclear translocation by 35% and 50%, respectively (P < 0.05; n ≥ 4). Using siRNA to knock down IRF-1, we observed reduced IL-18BPa expression. Additionally, IL-18 bioactivity was higher when siRNA was used to knock down IRF-1 expression. CONCLUSION These results show that IRF-1 is a key regulator of IL-18BPa expression and IL-18 bioactivity in RASFs. Regulation of IRF-1 will be a new therapeutic target in RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hubert Marotte
- University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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Nizamutdinova IT, Kim YM, Jin H, Son KH, Lee JH, Chang KC, Kim HJ. Tanshinone IIA inhibits TNF-α-mediated induction of VCAM-1 but not ICAM-1 through the regulation of GATA-6 and IRF-1. Int Immunopharmacol 2012; 14:650-7. [PMID: 23085565 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2012.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2012] [Revised: 09/14/2012] [Accepted: 09/14/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The goal of this study was to investigate the differential effect of tanshinone IIA on the induction of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) by TNF-α and the possible molecular mechanisms by which it regulates ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 expression differentially. Stimulation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) with TNF-α increased ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 expressions, and the pretreatment with tanshinone IIA concentration dependently inhibited VCAM-1 expression but not ICAM-1 expression. In previous study, PI3K/Akt, PKC and Jak/STAT-3 pathways were involved in the TNF-α-mediated induction of VCAM-1 but not ICAM-1. Thus, we examined the effect of tanshinone IIA on TNF-α-mediated activations of PI3K/Akt, PKC and Jak/STAT-3 pathways. Tanshinone IIA efficiently inhibited the phosphorylations of Akt, PKC and STAT-3 by TNF-α. Moreover, we determined the effect of tanshinone IIA on IRF-1 or GATAs induction and binding activity to VCAM-1 promoter since the upstream promoter region of VCAM-1 but not ICAM-1 contains IRF-1 and GATA binding motifs. Western blot analysis and ChIP assay showed that tanshinone IIA efficiently inhibited TNF-α-increased nuclear level of IRF-1 and GATA-6 and their binding affinity to VCAM-1 promoter region. Taken together, tanshinone IIA selectively inhibits TNF-α-mediated expression of VCAM-1 but not ICAM-1 through modulation of PI3/Akt, PKC and Jak/STAT-3 pathway as well as IRF-1 and GATA-6 binding activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Tsoy Nizamutdinova
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine and Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang Nat'l University, Jinju, South Korea
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Chen KI, Erh MH, Su NW, Liu WH, Chou CC, Cheng KC. Soyfoods and soybean products: from traditional use to modern applications. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2012; 96:9-22. [PMID: 22872103 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-012-4330-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2012] [Revised: 07/19/2012] [Accepted: 07/21/2012] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Soybean products (soyfoods), reported as potential functional foods, are implicated in several health-enhancing properties, such as easing the symptoms of postmenopausal women, reducing the risk of osteoporosis, preventing cardiovascular disease, and antimutagenic effects. Isoflavone, for example, is one of the most important compounds abundantly found in soybean, mainly accounting for the health-enhancing properties as mentioned earlier. However, most biological activities of isoflavones are mainly attributed to their aglycone forms. It has also been demonstrated that isoflavone aglycones are absorbed faster and in greater amount than their glycosides in human intestines. Fortunately, deglycosylation of isoflavones can be achieved during fermentation process by several strains such as lactic acid bacteria, basidiomycetes, filamentous fungus, and Bacillus subtilis with their β-glucosidase activity. This article presents an overview of soybean's chemistry, application, state-of-the-art advances in soybean fermentation processing and products as well as their applications in food and pharmaceutical industries. Different compounds, such as isoflavone, dietary fibers, and proteins which exhibit significant bioactivities, are summarized. The roles of different microorganisms in bioconversion and enhancement of bioactivities of fermented soybean are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuan-I Chen
- Graduate Institute of Food Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei, Taiwan
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Kim HJ, Xu L, Chang KC, Shin SC, Chung JI, Kang D, Kim SH, Hur JA, Choi TH, Kim S, Choi J. Anti-inflammatory effects of anthocyanins from black soybean seed coat on the keratinocytes and ischemia-reperfusion injury in rat skin flaps. Microsurgery 2012; 32:563-70. [PMID: 22821773 DOI: 10.1002/micr.22019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2011] [Revised: 05/21/2012] [Accepted: 05/29/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Ischemia-reperfusion injury is a phenomenon that occurs when tissues are subjected to ischemia for a variable period of time, and then reperfused. Inflammatory reaction has been implicated as one of the most important mechanism of ischemia-reperfusion injury. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the anti-inflammatory effects of anthocyanins from black soybean seed coat on keratinocytes in vitro and ischemia-reperfusion injury in vivo. We investigated the inhibition, by anthocyanins, of the expression of various inflammatory genes associated with ischemia-reperfusion injury in the tumor necrosis factor-alpha-treated (TNF-α) immortalized epidermal keratinocyte cell line (HaCaT). We also investigated the effects of anthocyanins on the survival of skin flaps after ischemia-reperfusion injury in the rats. According to Western blot analysis and a luciferase activity assay, anthocyanins inhibited TNF-α-induced intercellular adhesion molecule-1 and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) levels through the NF-κB-dependent pathway. Administration of anthocyanins (50 and 100 mg/kg) significantly improved the flap area survival in the 10-hour ischemic model from 62% to 74.5% and 83%, respectively (P = 0.001). The related cytokines in skin flap also changed as the same pattern as in vitro. Our results indicate that anthocyanins from black soybean seed coat had anti-inflammatory effects on the HaCaT cell line and increase the survival of skin flaps through anti-inflammatory properties against ischemia-reperfusion injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye Jung Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Health Sciences, College of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
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Lee IT, Lin CC, Lee CY, Hsieh PW, Yang CM. Protective effects of (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate against TNF-α-induced lung inflammation via ROS-dependent ICAM-1 inhibition. J Nutr Biochem 2012; 24:124-36. [PMID: 22819551 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2012.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2011] [Revised: 02/20/2012] [Accepted: 03/01/2012] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stresses are considered to play an important role in the induction of cell adhesion molecules and proinflammatory cytokines implicated in inflammatory processes. Heme oxygenase (HO)-1 and suppressors of cytokine signaling (SOCS)-3 exert several biological functions, including antiapoptotic and anti-inflammatory effects. Here, we report that HO-1 and SOCS-3 were induced in A549 cells and human pulmonary alveolar epithelial cells (HPAEpiCs) treated with (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG). EGCG protected against tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α-mediated lung inflammation by down-regulation of oxidative stress and intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-1 expression in A549 cells or HPAEpiCs and the lungs of mice. EGCG inhibited TNF-α-induced ICAM-1 expression, THP-1 cells adherence, pulmonary hematoma and leukocyte (eosinophils and neutrophils) count in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid in mice. In addition, EGCG also attenuated TNF-α-induced oxidative stress, p47(phox) translocation, MAPKs activation, and STAT-3 and activating transcription factor (ATF)2 phosphorylation. EGCG also reduced the formation of a TNFR1/TRAF2/Rac1/p47(phox) complex. Moreover, in this study, the observed suppression of TNF-α-stimulated ICAM-1 expression and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation by EGCG was abrogated by transfection with siRNA of SOCS-3 or HO-1. These results suggested that HO-1 or SOCS-3 functions as a suppressor of TNF-α signaling, not only by inhibiting adhesion molecules expression but also by diminishing intracellular ROS production and STAT-3 and ATF2 activation in A549 cells or HPAEpiCs and the lungs of mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- I-Ta Lee
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Chang Gung University, Kwei-San, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
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Nizamutdinova IT, Kim YM, Lee JH, Chang KC, Kim HJ. MKP-7, a negative regulator of JNK, regulates VCAM-1 expression through IRF-1. Cell Signal 2012; 24:866-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2011.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2011] [Revised: 11/24/2011] [Accepted: 12/04/2011] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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Zapolska-Downar D, Bryk D, Małecki M, Hajdukiewicz K, Sitkiewicz D. Aronia melanocarpa fruit extract exhibits anti-inflammatory activity in human aortic endothelial cells. Eur J Nutr 2011; 51:563-72. [PMID: 21863241 PMCID: PMC3397226 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-011-0240-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2011] [Accepted: 08/03/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Background Altered expression of cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) has been implicated in a variety of chronic inflammatory conditions, including atherosclerosis. Regulation of adhesion molecule expression by specific redox-sensitive mechanisms has been reported. Additionally, it has been observed that the extract of Aronia melanocarpa (A. Melanocarpa) fruits, rich in polyphenols, exhibits potent anti-oxidant properties and displays cardioprotective activity. Methods and results Human aortic endothelial cells (HAECs) were pretreated with various concentrations (primarily 50 μg/mL) of Aronia Melanocarpa fruit extract prior to treatment with TNFα (10 ng/mL) for various periods of time. The surface protein and mRNA expression of ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 were determined using flow cytometry and real-time RT-PCR, respectively. Adhesion of peripheral blood mononuclear leucocytes (PBMLs) to TNFα-treated HAECs was evaluated by an adhesion assay. Activation of NF-κB was evaluated by measuring NF-κB p65 phosphorylation using flow cytometry. ROS production was determined by reduction in fluorescent 2′,7′-dichlorofluorescein diacetate (DCFH-DA). Tested A. Melanocarpa extract significantly inhibited the expression of ICAM-1 and VCAM-1, attenuated the phosphorylation of NF-κB p65 and decreased intracellular ROS production in TNFα-treated HAECs. Conclusion We conclude that A. Melanocarpa fruit extract exhibits anti-inflammatory effects in HAECs by inhibiting the expression of endothelial CAMs, activation of NF-κB and production of ROS.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Zapolska-Downar
- Department of Biochemistry and Clinical Chemistry, The Warsaw Medical University, Banacha 1 Street, 02-097, Warsaw, Poland.
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Kanamoto Y, Yamashita Y, Nanba F, Yoshida T, Tsuda T, Fukuda I, Nakamura-Tsuruta S, Ashida H. A black soybean seed coat extract prevents obesity and glucose intolerance by up-regulating uncoupling proteins and down-regulating inflammatory cytokines in high-fat diet-fed mice. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2011; 59:8985-93. [PMID: 21751816 DOI: 10.1021/jf201471p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Black soybean seed coat extract (BE) is a polyphenol-rich food material consisting of 9.2% cyanidin 3-glucoside, 6.2% catechins, 39.8% procyanidins, and others. This study demonstrated that BE ameliorated obesity and glucose intolerance by up-regulating uncoupling proteins (UCPs) and down-regulating inflammatory cytokines in C57BL/6 mice fed a control or high-fat diet containing BE for 14 weeks. BE suppressed fat accumulation in mesenteric adipose tissue, reduced the plasma glucose level, and enhanced insulin sensitivity in the high-fat diet-fed mice. The gene and protein expression levels of UCP-1 in brown adipose tissue and UCP-2 in white adipose tissue were up-regulated by BE. Moreover, the gene expression levels of major inflammatory cytokines, tumor necrosis factor-α and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 were remarkably decreased by BE in white adipose tissue. BE is a beneficial food material for the prevention of obesity and diabetes by enhancing energy expenditure and suppressing inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Kanamoto
- Department of Agrobioscience, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
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Hwa JS, Mun L, Kim HJ, Seo HG, Lee JH, Kwak JH, Lee DU, Chang KC. Genipin Selectively Inhibits TNF-α-activated VCAM-1 But Not ICAM-1 Expression by Upregulation of PPAR-γ in Human Endothelial Cells. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY & PHARMACOLOGY : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSIOLOGICAL SOCIETY AND THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF PHARMACOLOGY 2011; 15:157-62. [PMID: 21860594 DOI: 10.4196/kjpp.2011.15.3.157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2011] [Revised: 06/14/2011] [Accepted: 06/15/2011] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Vascular inflammation process has been suggested to be an important risk factor in the development of atherosclerosis. Recently we reported that induction of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPAR-γ) selectively inhibits vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) but not intercellular cell adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) in tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α-activated human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC). In this study, we investigated whether genipin inhibits expression of cellular adhesion molecules, which is relevant to inflammation. Pretreatment with genipin reduced reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and expression of VCAM-1, but not ICAM-1 in TNF-α-activated HUVEC. Genipin dose- and time-dependently increased PPAR-γ expression and inhibited TNF-α-induced phosphorylation of Akt and PKC with different degrees. Finally, genipin prevented TNF-α-induced adhesion of U937 monocytic cells to HUVEC. Taken together, these results indicate that upregualtion of PPAR-γ by genipin selectively inhibits TNF-α-induced expression of VCAM-1, in which regulation of Akt and/or PKC play a key role. We concluded that genipin can be used for the treatment of cardiovascular disorders such as atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Seok Hwa
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, and Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-290, Korea
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Antitumor and HIV-1 Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitory Activities of a Hemagglutinin and a Protease Inhibitor from Mini-Black Soybean. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2011; 2011:851396. [PMID: 21527979 PMCID: PMC3057713 DOI: 10.1155/2011/851396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2010] [Revised: 10/18/2010] [Accepted: 01/10/2011] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Protease inhibitors (PIs) and hemagglutinins are defense proteins produced by many organisms. From Chinese mini-black soybeans, a 17.5-kDa PI was isolated using chromatography on Q-Sepharose, SP-Sepharose, and DEAE-cellulose. A 25-kDa hemagglutinin was purified similarly, but using Superdex 75 instead of DEAE-cellulose in the final step. The PI inhibited trypsin and chymotrypsin (IC50 = 7.2 and 8.8 μM). Its trypsin inhibitory activity was stable from pH 2 to pH 13 and from 0°C to 70°C. The hemagglutinin activity of the hemagglutinin was stable from pH 2 to pH 13 and from 0°C to 75°C. The results indicated that both PI and hemagglutinin were relatively thermostable and pH-stable. The trypsin inhibitory activity was inhibited by dithiothreitol, signifying the importance of the disulfide bond to the activity. The hemagglutinating activity was inhibited most potently by D (+)-raffinose and N-acetyl-D-galactosamine, suggesting that the hemagglutinin was specific for these two sugars. Both PI and hemagglutinin inhibited HIV-1 reverse transcriptase (IC50 = 3.2 and 5.5 μM), proliferation of breast cancer cells (IC50 = 9.7 and 3.5 μM), and hepatoma cells (IC50 = 35 and 6.2 μM), with relatively high potencies.
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Moon L, Ha YM, Jang HJ, Kim HS, Jun MS, Kim YM, Lee YS, Lee DH, Son KH, Kim HJ, Seo HG, Lee JH, Kim YS, Chang KC. Isoimperatorin, cimiside E and 23-O-acetylshengmanol-3-xyloside from Cimicifugae rhizome inhibit TNF-α-induced VCAM-1 expression in human endothelial cells: involvement of PPAR-γ upregulation and PI3K, ERK1/2, and PKC signal pathways. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2011; 133:336-44. [PMID: 20937376 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2010.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2010] [Revised: 09/15/2010] [Accepted: 10/01/2010] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The methanol extract of Cimicifugae Rhizome has been traditionally used in various disorders including inflammation. AIM OF THE STUDY The aim of the study is to explore whether anti-inflammatory action of 3 active compounds, two triterpenoid glycosides (cimiside E, 23-O-actylshengmanol-3-xyloside) and one furanocoumarin (isoimperatorin), isolated from Cimicifugae Rhizome is related with peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPAR-γ) expression in human umbilical endothelial cell line, EA.hy926 cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS Cell viability and production of reactive oxygen species were performed. In addition, adhesion of monocyte into endothelial cells and western blot for expression of adhesion molecules and signal proteins were investigated in tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α)-activated cells. RESULTS Pretreatment of test compounds significantly reduced reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and expression of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), but not intercellular cell adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1). Three compounds all dose-dependently increased not only PPAR-γ expression in EA.hy926 cells but inhibited TNF-α-induced phosphorylation of Akt, extracellular-signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and protein kinase C (PKC) with different specificity. Finally, they prevented TNF-α-induced adhesion of U937 monocytic cells to EA.hy926 cells. CONCLUSIONS The present results show that cimiside E, 23-O-actylshengmanol-3-xyloside, isoimperatorin isolated from Cimicifugae Rhizome selectively inhibits TNF-α-induced expression of VCAM-1 at least by upregulation of PPAR-γ, and signals for ERK1/2, PI3K, and PKC are involved in this effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lidiya Moon
- Department of Pharmacology School of Medicine, and Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, 92 Chilam-dong, Jinju 660-751, Republic of Korea
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Wang D, Wei X, Yan X, Jin T, Ling W. Protocatechuic acid, a metabolite of anthocyanins, inhibits monocyte adhesion and reduces atherosclerosis in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2010; 58:12722-12728. [PMID: 21090717 DOI: 10.1021/jf103427j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Polyphenols, including anthocyanins, from various plant foods are effective in the prevention of atherosclerosis in animal and human studies. Protocatechuic acid (PCA), a major metabolite of anthocyanins, has been found to possess the anti-carcinogenic effect, whereas the in vivo effect of PCA as an anti-atherosclerotic agent remains unknown. We demonstrated herein that PCA inhibited monocyte adhesion to tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α)-activated mouse aortic endothelial cells, associated with the inhibition of vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM-1) and intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1) expression. Furthermore, PCA inhibited the nuclear content of p65, a subunit of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), along with reduced NF-κB binding activity. Finally, PCA administration in the apolipoprotein E (ApoE)-deficient mouse model reduced aortic VCAM-1 and ICAM-1 expression, NF-κB activity, and plasma-soluble VCAM-1 and ICAM-1 levels, with inhibiting atherosclerosis development. We suggest that PCA possesses the anti-atherogenic effect at least partially via its anti-inflammatory activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongliang Wang
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, People's Republic of China
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Tsoyi K, Jang HJ, Nizamutdinova IT, Park K, Kim YM, Kim HJ, Seo HG, Lee JH, Chang KC. PTEN differentially regulates expressions of ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 through PI3K/Akt/GSK-3β/GATA-6 signaling pathways in TNF-α-activated human endothelial cells. Atherosclerosis 2010; 213:115-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2010.07.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2010] [Revised: 07/01/2010] [Accepted: 07/30/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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7,8-didehydrocimigenol from Cimicifugae rhizoma inhibits TNF-α-induced VCAM-1 but not ICAM-1expression through upregulation of PPAR-γ in human endothelial cells. Food Chem Toxicol 2010; 49:166-72. [PMID: 20946932 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2010.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2010] [Revised: 09/14/2010] [Accepted: 10/08/2010] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Activators of PPAR have been demonstrated to inhibit the induction of VCAM-1 but not ICAM-1 in human endothelial cells (EC). During the screening of anti-inflammatory activity of traditional herbs, we found 7,8-didehydrocimigenol (7,8-DHC), one of active triterpenoids of Cimicifugae rhizoma (C. rhizoma) increases PPAR-γ expression in EC in a time- and dose-dependent manner. Therefore, we asked whether 7,8-DHC selectively inhibits the expression of VCAM-1 but not ICAM-1 in TNF-α-activated EC via upregulation of PPAR-γ. Treatment with 7,8-DHC or PPAR-γ agonists (GW1929, troglitazone) inhibited the expression of VCAM-1 but not ICAM-1. Furthermore, the selective inhibition of VCAM-1 expression was inhibited by PPAR-γ antagonist, GW9662, or siPPAR-γ-transfected cells. 7,8-DHC significantly inhibited NF-kB activity via inhibition of phosphorylation of IkB and it also inhibited phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and Akt but not PKC. Finally, attachment of monocytes (U937) to EC by TNF-α was significantly reduced by 7,8-DHC. These results indicate that upregualtion of PPAR-γ by 7,8-DHC in EC inhibits NF-kB activity of TNF-α-activated EC which leads to selective inhibition of VCAM-1 expression. In addition, ERK1/2 and Akt signal pathways are involved in differential regulation by 7,8-DHC. We concluded that 7,8-DHC can be used for the treatment of cardiovascular disorders such as atherosclerosis.
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Choi JY, Lee SJ, Lee SJ, Park S, Lee JH, Shim JH, Abd El-Aty AM, Jin JS, Jeong ED, Lee WS, Shin SC. Analysis and tentative structure elucidation of new anthocyanins in fruit peel of Vitis coignetiae Pulliat (meoru) using LC-MS/MS: Contribution to the overall antioxidant activity. J Sep Sci 2010; 33:1192-7. [PMID: 20187032 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.200900748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The skin of Vitis coignetiae Pulliat (meoru) grown wild in the Republic of Korea was analyzed for anthocyanins via HPLC coupled to ESI-MS/MS in positive ion mode. Chromatographic separation was conducted via RP HPLC using a C(18) column, with a 50-min gradient from 0 to 80% methanol in water containing 0.5% formic acid. A total of 18 anthocyanins were identified. Among them, nine compounds were newly determined by comparing the retention time (t(R)) and mass fragmentation patterns with those of the previously reported anthocyanins for other grape varieties: malvidin hexose, peonidin 3-galactoside, malvidin 3-galactoside, cyanidin, petunidin, petunidin 3-(6''-coumaroyl)-5-diglucoside, peonidin, malvidin, and malvidin 3-(6''-coumaroyl)-5-diglucoside. The antioxidant activity of the V. coignetiae Pulliat anthocyanins was determined via 2,2-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging and 2,2'-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) radical cation assays in a range of concentration from 25 to 500 mg/L. The capacity increased with concentration. The IC(50) values, defined as the concentration of sample required to scavenge 50% of free radicals, were calculated as follows: 189.63+/-11.31 mg/L and 141.29+/-6.70 mg/L for 2,2-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl and 2,2'-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) radical cation, respectively. The antioxidant activity of the V. coignetiae Pulliat anthocyanins is substantially higher than that of ascorbic acid and is similar to the effects of the extracts obtained from other grape varieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Young Choi
- Department of Chemistry and Research Institute of Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
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